THE PROBLEM OF CUBA

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• Content Type: OPEN

1963
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 17979
But this is titter nonsense. We know by
their own statements that Communists are
dedicated to dictatorship of the proletariat,
which can be conveniently shortened to dic-
tatorship, period. We know that in actual
fact, privileged classes of gangsters operate
Communist countries, and that these gang-
sters are ruthless, cunning, utterly self-
serving, faithless, and unreliable. And we
must not fall for their bunk-especially
when they talk about agriculture.
Let's not forget that the Canadians have
a poor climate for raising food, too. But
they have managed to come up with huge
wheat surpluses. Let's not forget that the
Scandinavian countries have a northern
clime and a Socialist bent, yet they manage
societies of abundance.
Let's not forget that the Russians have
had almost a half century to build an agri-
cultural industry as well as a housing in-
dustry, consumer goods industry, steel indus-
try, and armament industry, and so far they
haven't matched us in any of these things.
Certainly, they have had the same 18 years
the Japanese and Germans have had to de-
velop a food- industry. But bread is in tight
supply in huge Russia today, while over-
crowded Japan is self-sufficient in rice-
unbelievable as it may seem.
Let's face it and capitalize on it. Com-
munism is a failure as a system. Democracy
is a success; free enterprise Is a success.
Yes, we may have a thaw in the cold war, but
communism is still dedicated to the destruc-
tion of capitalism, true democracy and lib-
erty. Let's not rush to bail the Communists
out of their troubles-food troubles or other-
wise-unless it is to our real advantage.
Let's keep our heads and remember that the
last time we were all good friends, the Rus-
sians stole half of Germany, most of the
Balkans, took a Japanese island, and de-
clared they won the war by themselves.
Since then, they have tried to run us out
of Berlin; they have put a base at our back-
door; and have threatened us almost with-
out ceasing. It takes more than one swallow'
to make a summer. It should take more
than one test ban treaty and one Canadian
wheat deal to make a Communist a good guy.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Montana yield me 2 min-
utes?
Mr. MANSFIELD. I am glad to yield
2 minutes on the bill to the Senator from
Georgia.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator
from Georgia is recognized for 2 minutes.
Mr. RUSSELL, Mr. President, yester-
day, several Senators expressed their ap-
preciation of the services of Harry Mc-
Pherson, who has left the Senate and his
position of general counsel for the Demo-
cratic policy committee, to enter service
in the Department of State.
I wish to associate myself with all the
things that were said about Mr. Mc-
Pherson. He is one of the most gifted
young men I have met in recent years.
He was a very valued servant of the Sen-
ate, a man of character and integrity.
Even when a Senator knew that his
views did not coincide with those of Mr.
McPherson, one trusted him implicitly
in any matter of advice or in any matter
of research.
He will be missed in the Senate. I ex-
tend to him my very best wishes for,suc-
cess in his new position.
SALE OF WHEAT TO RUSSIA
Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr.
President, will the Senator from Illi-
nois yield me 1 minute?
Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield 1 minute on
the bill to the Senator from North Da-
kota [Mr. YOUNG].
The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator
from North Dakota is recognized for 1
minute on the bill.
My. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr.
President, I am pleased to note the wide-
spread support throughout the United
States for selling our surplus wheat to
Russia for gold or hard currency. The
support in North Dakota comes from all
shades of political thinking-conserva-
tive, middle-of-the-road, and liberal-
from farmers, businessmen, professional
men, and others.
At the present time, nearly all of the
approximately 200 food commodities
produced in the United States are avail-
able to the Russians; only wheat, cot-
ton, and about two other farm commod-
ities are not now available at world
prices to the Russians.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the RECORD an
editorial-from the Bismarck Tribune
of October 5, 1963-entitled "Wheat Deal
Considerations;" one-from the Fargo
Forum of October 5, 1963-entitled
"Wheat Won't Lift Nikita Off His Self-
Made Hook;" and another-from the
Fargo Forum of October 6, 1963-enti-
5tled "Law of Supply and Demand Spurs
Wheat Sale to Russ."
There being no objection, the edito-
rials were ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
[From the Bismarck (N. Dak.) Tribune,
Oct. 5, 1963] _
WHEAT DEAL CONSIDERATIONS
As usual, irrational emotions cloud the is-
sue in any discussion of such a matter as
sale of U.S. wheat to Russia.
Although it is good and proper to do hu-
manitarian deeds when such deeds are not in
conflict with the national interest, the basic
and main reason for selling wheat to Russia
would be to benefit the United States-not
Russia.
If we refuse to do something that might
possibly benefit Russia even when we
know it is certain to benefit this country
more, we injure ourselves more than we aid
the cold war enemy.
It has to be demanded that the wheat be
paid for in gold, and that there be no side
commitments of any kind, of course. U.S.
agreement to a sale under any other condi-
tions would amount to betrayal of this coun-
try's interests. That we could not approve.
But we have wheat to sell, and we want
to sell it. If Russia wants our wheat, and is
willing to deplete its gold reserves to get it,
instead of buying it someplace else, it is hard
to see how it could do anything but benefit
this country. And that should be the No. 1
consideration in this as in every other inter-
national negotiation: If it's to be to our
benefit, we go along; If it isn't, we don't.
[From the Fargo (N. Dak.) Forum,
Oct. 5, 19631
WHEAT WON'T LIFT NIKITA OFF HIS SELF-MADE
HOOK
German experts on Soviet economy differ
sharply with Chancellor Konrad Adenauer
about the wisdom of selling wheat to the
Soviet Union.
Shipments of grain and flour will not in
themselves "lift Premier Nikita S. Khru-
shchev off his self-made hook," they say.
So far as the transactions are for cash or
short-term credits, they say, they actually
may complicate the Soviet leader's problems
and increase the pressures for eventual
political concessions to the West.
Only if the Soviets were granted long-term
credits on generous conditions could Khru-
shchev achieve the kind of relief he seems to
be seeking, says the well-regarded Soviet ex-
pert of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
The argument off German experts is based
on the premise .that Khrushchev has been
and will be compelled to sell Soviet gold in
large quantities to finance his crash program
for .grain -purchases.
The very speed at which this is being done
is proving to be expensive, -
Experts at Radio Free Europe In Munich
pointout that freight rates from Canada's
St. Lawrence River to the Soviet Black Sea
ports have risen by.25 percent in recent weeks
as a result of the.demand for shipping space.
Soviet gold sales in large quantities are
serving meantime to depress the world price.
Gold prices have fallen 4 cents an ounce on -
theLondon market since. the endof August,
a period in which the- Soviets have unloaded
some $220 million worth of their hoarded
stocks. -
Sovietgold sales in September alone were
about equal to their average annual sales
since 1957. - -
More fundamentally, a writer in the
scholarly journal East European Economy,
points out two additional factors.
One is the gold probably actually costs the
Soviets about 2r/2 times the current world
prices to produce. Before the Soviet ruble
was boosted in value in 1961 the cost of So-
viet gold may have been 5 times the world
price, writes Michael von Berg.
For this reason the Soviets are desperately
eager to pay for their free world purchases in
raw materials, primarily In oil. But the
market for Soviet raw materials in the West-
ern world is decreasing.
5The writer's second point is that the So-
viets are compelled to rely more and more on
gold to finance the imports of Western
machinery and equipment, which still are
essential to the ambitious industrial plans.
In their early phases the Communists had
a very cavalier approach to the question of
gold. Nicolai Lenin once boasted it was not
important in a Communist economy.
Before his death Lenin was altering his
views, and by Joseph Stalin's time the great
importance of gold in Soviet dealings with
the West was recognized. Since then the
closest official secrecy has been - maintained
about Soviet gold production and stocks.
Berg agrees in his conclusion with that
of the Frankfurter Allegemeine's expert.
In the economic competition between
communism and the free world it is Moscow
that is -pressed for time-not the West.
[From the Fargo (N. Dak.) Forum, Oct.
6, 1963]
LAW OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND SPURS WHEAT
SALE TO Russ
What a difference the law of supply and
demand makes in trade relations between the
United States and Russia. This Nation may
soon OK the sale of wheat to Russia.
All kinds of reasons will be given as to
why the United States should make such a
sale. The Democratic reasons will be dif-
ferent from the Republican reasons. Presi-
dent Kennedy's reasons will be different
from those of Senator BARRY GOLDWATER, Of
Arizona, Republican prospect for the 1964
Presidential nomination.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE October 8
Yes, there are all kinds of explanations,
but when you boil out all of the political
gobbledygook, there remains this simple eco-
nomic explanation:
The United States has too much wheat
and Russia has too little; In addition Russia
has gold with which to pay for the wheat.
and the United States is anxious to recover
some of the gold it has been paying out in
world trade circles in recent years.
Of course, the wheat deal is far from con-
summated, and the odds are that Russia
will come up with some gimmick which will
make the deal politically impractical for the
Kennedy administration. The Washington
Democrats aren't about to sell wheat to
Russia if there Isgoing to be a major politi-
cal backfire from such a trade in the 1904
election year.
The statement by Senate Republican Leader
EvERErr M. DiaxsEN that he is in favor of
a wheat sale paid for by gold on the barrel-
head doesn't bind the entire Republican
Party or all its potential candidates for the
presidency. For instance, House Minority
Leader CHARLES A. HALLECK hasn't taken a
stand on the sale itself, but he has posed a
series of questions which should be an-
swered before a deal is made.
The wheat deal may look bipartisan at the
start, if it is made, -but if anything goes
wrong, we can hear the "I told you so" chorus
of Republican critics who are against any
deal with the Russians for anything.
But the law of supply and demand has
been in existence since long before the
United States became a nation, and before
communism took over Russia. The idea of
getting gold for unneeded wheat is so in-
viting that many critics of Communist Rus-
sia now see nothing wrong with such a deal.
As a matter of fact, any deal which would
reduce the U.B. wheat surplus in return for
an inflow of gold would be welcome.
Mr. LAUSC'HE. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Montana yield 2 min-
utes to me?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
yield 2 minutes on the bill to the Sena-
tor from Ohio.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The Sena-
tor from Ohio is recognized for 2 minutes
on the bill.
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, I have
received a number of communications
from persons who, I believe, are familiar
with the farm problem in the Commu-
nist countries. The communications
state that the farmers of the Communist
countries'are sabotaging the government
by deliberately failing to produce food,
for the purpose of bringing to an end the
Communist domination. The letters
I am receiving also state that by selling
wheat to Russia, we would sabotage the
efforts of the farmers of those Commu-
nist nations in their efforts to emanci-
pate themselves.
We are, of course, motivated to a minor
degree by humanitarian purposes in urg-
ing the sale of this food. We are also
motivated by the prospect of obtaining
gold for our country.
The decision which, I believe, ulti-
mately must be made, is how we are best
to insure the future life of our Nation,
and how best we can induce the farmers
of the Communist countries to continue
their efforts to break down the entrench-
ment of the Communist governments.
A few days ago I stated my opposition
to this proposal. My opposition is
growing stronger, rather than weaker.
Mr. President, I yield the floor.
HURRICANE AND SUFFERING IN
CUBA
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I yield
myself 2 minutes on the bill.
The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator
from Oregon is recognized for 2 minutes
on the bill.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, we have
a very disturbing and perplexing problem
of foreign policy in connection with the
humanitarian aid that ought to go to the
victims of the terrible storm that has
been raging in the Caribbean. We are
a religious nation. The overwhelming
majority of our people are Christian. I
believe that we have an obligation always
to try to put into practice In the affairs
of government our religious principles.
I find it very difficult to see any moral
justification for any policy that does not
go Immediately to the relief of the suf-
fering of people, even though their gov-
ernments may be our enemy. I cannot
reconcile such a course of action with the
teachings of Christ, in which I believe,
and I do not share the view that we
should wait for the government to ask
us to help their people.
So on the religious-moral basis, I
would that my Government were pro-
ceeding now with full speed to supply the
many hundreds, if not thousands, of fel-
low human beings who are also the chil-
dren of God, who are suffering untold
agonies in Cuba as a result of the storm.
The same is true of Haiti. We ought not
to wait for Communist Castro to make
any plea to us.
The VICE PRESIDENT, The time of
the Senator has expired.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I yield
myself 1 additional minute.
If we wish to move beyond the religious
justification for the plea that I am now
making, In my judgment it also would
be in the national self-interest of the
United States, worldwide, in respect to
our prestige, for I know of no more effec-
tive lesson that we could teach in regard
to the superiority of the system of free-
dom over a system of enslavement than
that free men practice their religious
principles.
I hope that before the day is out the
American people and the world will be
reading that we are seeking to bring the
relief of medicine, food, and supplies of
sustenance to the thousands of Cuban
people who are living in such an hour of
agony at the present time.
Lastly, we must reach the people be-
hind the Iron Curtain if we are ever go-
ing to help them lift the Iron Curtain
that denies them access to the world.
In my judgment, the best way to weaken
communism is to reach people behind
the Iron Curtain; and therefore, as a
Christian. I suggest to my Government
that in the present hour it not forget the
religious basis of our form of govern-
ment.
FIASCO IN GUINEA
Mr. DIRESEN. Mr. President, I yield
2 minutes to the Senator from Delaware.
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. Mr.
President. In the September 27. 1963, is-
sue of the Washington Post there ap-
peared an article written by Mr. Row-
land Evans and Mr. Robert Novak, en-
titled "Fiasco In Guinea."
This article points up the complete
failure of our policy in regard to this
country. On September 9, I submitted
to the Senate a report calling attention to
the manner in which, under our AID
program, we were furnishing aviation
fuel to Guinea while at the same time
this country had made a deal with Rus-
sia to refuel their planes en route to
Cuba. These planes were being refueled
from the same tanks in which our foreign
aid gasoline was being deposited. Yet
in that instance, just as in this case, the
State Department hid behind a cloak of
secrecy to conceal the real facts from the
American people.
I ask unanimous consent that this ar-
ticle, entitled "Fiasco in Guinea," be
printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows :
[From the Washington Post, September 27,
1903]
FIASCO IN GUINEA
(By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak)
In the steamy West African Republic of
Guinea, where the cold war is a daily oc-
currence, Uncle Sam has just fumbled a
golden opportunity to score a few points.
Last spring American diplomats shouted
from the housetops-and we reported-how
a small American airline called Alaska Air-
lines, Inc., was replacing Soviet aircraft in
Guinea. But until today it has been a
well-kept secret that the deal has gone sour.
Alaska Airlines planes were grounded some
3 weeks ago. Although the United States is
working discreetly to replace Alaska Airlines
withEL big American line, the Russians now
are flying the commercial routes again. Fur-
thermore, nobody knows whether a $700,000
U.S. loan ever will be repaid.
That is bad enough. But intensive in-
quiry reveals a breathtaking amount of bu-
reaucratic buck-passing. As usual, the bu-
reaucrats seem less Interested In solving
the problem than in making-sure they don't
get the blame for it .
The story dates back to 1958, when
Guinea became the first French African col-
ony to win independence. Refused help by
both France and the United States, Guinea
turned to Moscow for long-term aid.
But Russians are even worse than Ameri-
cans at administering foreign aid. Guinean
are particularly displeased about how much
it costs government-owned Air Guinea to
operate four-engine turboprop Ilyushins.
8o, Guinea negotiated an agreement with
Alaska Airlines to sell them less sophisti-
cated aircraft, four-engine DC-4'a and single-
engine Lockheed.
When Alaska Airlines could not find pri-
vate financing, AID-the U.S. foreign aid
agency-bought $700,000 worth of Guinean
notes. In other words, Uncle Sam lent
Guinea $700,000.
Trouble began May 14, 2 weeks after the
first DC-4 arrived, when it nosed into the
ground during a landing. After that un-
happy start, trouble multiplied until Air
Guinea grounded the Alaska planes, citing
safety reasons.
Alaska Airlines claims that Air Guinea Is
so Infested with Communist-bloc personnel
that life is impossible for an American line.
The State Department laughing off these
charges as something strictly from Ian Flem-
ing, puts most of the blame on Alaska Air-
lines-but will not give details.
All that is sure now is that the Govern-
ment's attempt to escape responsibility by
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE October 8
owned. Of course, the other towns af-
fected will receive no relief from this
property tax revenue.
I feel that the present law discrimi-
nates in its definition of "real property"
and in the extent of its aid coverage
following the sale of such property.
In many instances where there was a
sale or disposal of Federal property, the
program which caused the increase in
workers and their families continues on
and the burden on the schools and their
facilities is in no way lessened by the
sale.
This is certainly true in this case.
The amount of Federal aid, moreover,
is markedly reduced without a corre-
sponding increase in taxes assessed
against the property sold.
In 1956 an amendment was inserted
in Public Law 874 which stated that the
provision of the law applied:
For 1 year beyond the end of the fiscal
year in which occurred the sale or transfer
thereof by the United States, any housing
property considered prior to such sale or
transfer to be Federal property for the pur-
poses of the act.
This clause offers partial protection to
school districts with a preponderance of
"housing property," but offers no relief
when the Government property sold is
nonhousing. This is precisely what has
happened in the sale of this property to
the Electric Boat Co., in Groton.
As I have said,,this sale has had an
immediate and serious economic effect
on the school budget of Groton and 20
surrounding towns. These towns and
cities, dependent to a large extent on
Federal aid to impacted areas, had no
way of planning because the sale of these
buildings took over a year to consum-
mate.
Mr. President, situations of this type
are, of course, not restricted to the
State of Connecticut and they can and
will occur in many towns and cities
throughout the United States as the
Federal Government is called upon to
dispose of Federal nonhousing property
at its installations.
Some might say that relief can be
sought under subsection (f) of Public
Law 874, "Adjustment for Certain De-
creases in Federal Activities." A meas-
ure of relief may be possible to some of
the towns affected but not to all of them.
At the present time, even though the sale
of this property took place almost a year
ago, eligibility for aid under this- sub-
section has not been determined as yet
and the various school districts are suf-
fering because of this further delay and
uncertainty.
Of course there is no such relief pro-
vision under Public Law 815 and school
construction plans for several towns
have had to be curtailed because of re-
duced Federal school aid brought about
by the sale of the property.
I feel that striking out the word
"housing" and thus making all property
eligible for relief extension and permit-
ing the payment of aid benefits "for
1 year beyond the end of the fiscal year
in which the sale or transfer occurs" is
only simple justice and wise economics
in that is provides for intelligent plan-
ring and lessens the overall impact of
the property sale on the towns con-
cerned.
I submit this amendment at this time
and request and solicit the support of
my colleagues for an affirmative. vote
on it.
I think it is an equitable and fair
solution to this problem, and I earnestly
hope that the distinguished senior Sen-
ator from Oregon will look favorably
on my amendment and accept it. .
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, before
I reply to the Senator from Connecticut,
I wish to do two things. First, I should
like to make brief comment on the proce-
dural situation confronting us. Many
of our colleagues have asked me what
the schedule of amendments for the rest
of the afternoon is. Some Senators have
a very important engagement downtown
at 4 o'clock. I have assured them that
I will do all I can to protect their in-
terests. I should like to ask now what
amendments will be offered. I under-
stand the Senator from Pennsylvania
[Mr. CLARK] intends to offer an amend-
ment. Does any Senator know whether
the Senator from Vermont [Mr. PROUTY]
will press an amendment?
So far as I know at the present mo-
ment, the only amendment that remains
is the amendment of the Senator from
Pennsylvania. Therefore I should say
that we shall probably be through by
4 o'clock. Of course, no one can predict
what will happen, but I hope we may
get through in time so that our col-
leagues can keep their downtown ap-
pointment.
Second, I p omised to yield to the
Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. SCOTT].
I yield 12 minutes tp him.
E PIhBLEM OF CUBA
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, the prob-
em of Cuba is urgent.. Ignoring it will
not make it go away. It lies at the
heart of U.S. and hemispheric security.
Communist Cuba is no mere nuisance
beneath the notice of a great power like
the United States. It is a menace, a
privileged base for the systematic sub-
version of every free government in the
Americas. It symbolizes our weak and
vacillating foreign policy everywhere.
It is the anvil on which is being shat-
tered. our image as a great and respon-
sible nation, dedicated to freedom.
I know that nothing bores so much as
yesterday's crises, nor captures our full
attention like today's new sensation.
But Cuba is not just yesterday's crisis;
it is today's crisis and unless we do
something about it, it will be tomorrow's
crisis-a crisis which we may not then
be able to overcome.
Make no mistake about it, the situation
is continuing and dangerous, and the
hard facts are not being adequately pre-
sented to the American public.
We hear, for example, a great deal
these days about Soviet fishing trawl-
ers. There has been considerable dis-
cussion of their encroachments on near-
by fishing grounds, but very little of the
fact that many of them operate in and
out of Cuba.
A recently issued report of the Sub-
committee for Special Investigations of
the House Armed Services Committee
states: "More than a dozen seagoing
Russian trawlers of the Okean class
make regular round trips between the
North Atlantic fishing banks and Cuba."
The report further states that naval and
Coast Guard witnesses had agreed in
testimony before the committee that
these ships "could be landing or .picking
up spies or saboteurs or smuggling mili-
tary items and that this could be done
with little chance of detection in the
landing or picking up operations."
There are also reports of a Soviet sub-
sidized Cuban "fishing fleet"-a fleet
which grows larger as the supplies of
fish available in Cuban markets grow
smaller. Can this be a red herring fleet?
This past May 11, the Cuban Consoli-
dated Naval Construction Enterprise re-
portedly announced that it had budgeted
$15 million to build 88 ships, 70 of
which were to be of the Lamba 75 type.
The Lamba 75, with a 29.5-ton cargo
capacity and a 250-horsepower engine
is an ideal vehicle for subversive opera-
tions.
Then there are reports of paratroopers
being trained at sea, of a Russian tanker
based at Georgetown, British Guiana,
to supply fuel for Soviet and Cuban ves-
sels in that area, of arms being trans-
shipped through British Guiana, of
Castro-inspired violence in Venezuela
and Colombia, of Castroite guerrillas at-
tempting to enter Bolivia, of training
schools for subversion and revolution
being set up all over Cuba.
On July 26 in a speech which received
little notice in the United States, Castro
proclaimed:
The duty of the revolutionaries, of the
Latin American revolutionaries, is not to
wait for the change in the balance of power
to produce the miracle of social revolution in
Latin America, but to take the fullest advan-
tage of everything favoring the revolutionary
movement and make revolutions.
Then this Soviet puppet practically
pinpointed some of the targets, when he
said:
And what are the political situations in
these countries-Peru, Colombia, Argentina,
Paraguay, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guatemala,
Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador? Complete
lack of stability, where the governing classes
no longer control. We know by experience,
and by conviction, that every people that
does what the Cuban people has done will
have the decided support of the Soviet Union
and all the Socialist camp.
Soviet and Cuban fishing fleets are
obviously trafficking in a good deal more
than fish in the Western Hemisphere's
troubled waters.
Let us raise the curtain of silence, face
the hard facts of Cuba, and the intrinsic
relation of these facts to our whole sag-
ging foreign policy.
Last October the Soviet presence in
Cuba was branded as "unacceptable"; to
this ?day, the Soviet occupation forces
remain.
Last October, the continued existence
in this hemisphere of an advance base
of Communist imperialism was labeled
"unthinkable"; today, the administration
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 17997.
investment in education is an investment
in the future of our country. By adopt-
ing this amendment, we can make cer-
tain that all the children of America,
regardless of their race, enjoy the bene-
fits of this program, due them as a mat-
ter of right and justice.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I yield
myself 30 seconds to thank my colleague
from New York for his support, which is
typical of the fight which he has been
making in the Senate in the monumen-
tal struggle for civil rights. If the Sen-
ator from Oregon [Mr. MORSE] wishes
to make a motion, I shall yield back the
remainder of my time.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, for the
reasons I have already stated in the de-
bate In answer to my friend from New
York in opposition to his amendment,
for the reasons set forth in the commit-
tee hearings, and In the light of the over-
whelming majority vote in our commit-
tee against the Javits amendment, I
move that the amendment of the Sena-
tor from New York be laid on the table.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, on that
motion I ask for the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question Is on agreeing to the motion
to lay on the table the amendment of
the Senator from New York [Mr. JAVITS]
to the committee amendment.
On this question the yeas and nays
have been ordered, and the clerk will
call the roll.
The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the
roll.
Mr. NELSON (when his name was
called). On this vote I have a live pair
with the Senator from Montana [Mr.
METCALF]. If he were present and vot-
ing, he would vote "yea." If I were at
liberty to vote, I would vote "nay." I
withhold my vote.
The rollcall was concluded.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I announce that
the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. EAST-
LAND], the Senator from South Carolina
[Mr. JOHNSTON], and the Senator from
Montana [Mr. METCALF]. are absent on
official business.
I also announce that the Senator from
California [Mr. ENCLEI, is absent be-
cause of illness.
On this vote, the Senator from South
Carolina [Mr. JOHNSTON] is paired with
the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. CURTIS].
If present and voting, the Senator from
South Carolina would vote "yea," and the
Senator from Nebraska would vote "nay."
On this vote, the Senator from Missis-
sippi [Mr. EASTLAND] Is paired with the
Senator from California [Mr. ENGLE]. If
present and voting, the Senator from
Mississippi would vote "yea," and the
Senator from California would vote
"nay.,,
Mr. KUCHEL. I announce that the
Senator from New Jersey [Mr. CASE],
the Senator from Arizona [Mr. GOLD-
WATER], the Senator from Iowa [Mr.
MILLER], the Senator from Kentucky
[Mr. MORTON], and the Senator from
Texas [Mr. TOWER], are necessarily ab-
sent.
The Senator from Nebraska [Mr.
CURTIS] is absent on official business.
If present and voting, the Senator
from New Jersey [Mr. CASE], the Sena-
tor from Arizona [Mr. GOLDWA'ERI, and
the Senator from Iowa [Mr. MILLER],
would each vote "nay."
On this vote, the Senator from Ne-
braska [Mr. CURTIS] is paired with the
Senator from South Carolina [Mr. JoHN-
sToN]. If present and voting, the Sena-
tor from Nebraska would vote "nay," and
the Senator from South Carolina would
vote "yea."
On this vote, the Senator from Texas
[Mr. TOWER] is paired with the Senator
from Kentucky [Mr. MORTON]. If pres-
ent and voting, the Senator from Texas
would vote "yea," and the Senator from
Kentucky would vote "nay."
The result was announced-yeas 54,
nays 35, as follows:
1 No. 185 Leg. I
Y.EAS--54
Anderson
Hill
Moss
Bartlett
Holland
Mundt
Bayh
Humphrey
Muskie
Bible
Inouye
Neuberger
Brewster
Jackson
Pastore
Burdick
Jordan.N.C.
Pell
Byrd, Va.
Kennedy
Robertson
Byrd. W. Va.
Long, Mo.
Russell
Cannon
Long, La.
Smathera
Church
Magnuson
Sparkman
Edmondson
Mansfield
Stennis
Ellender
McCarthy
Symington
Ervin
McClellan
Talmadge
Fulbright
McGee
Thurmond
Gore
McGovern
Walters
Gruening
McNamara
Williams, Del.
Hartke
Monroney
Yarborough
Hayden
Morse
Young, N.Dak.
NAYS-35
Aiken
Douglas
Pearson
Allott
Fong
Prouty
Beall
Hart
Proxmire
Bennett
Hickenlooper
Randolph
Boggs
Hruska
Ribicoi
Carlson
Javits
Saitonstall
Clark
Jordan. Idaho
Scott
Cooper
Keating
Simpson
Cotton
Kuchel
Smith
Dirksen
Lausche
Williams, N.J.
Dodd
McIntyre
Young, Ohio
Dominick
Mechem
Curtis
Johnston
Nelson
Eastland
Metcalf
Tower
Engle
Miller
So Mr. MORSE'S motion to lay on the
table Mr. JAVITS' amendment to the com-
mittee amendment was agreed to.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I move
that the vote by which the motion to lay
on the table was agreed to be recon-
sidered.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
move to lay that motion onthe table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
committee amendment is open to
amendment.
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I offer
amendments to the committee amend-
ment, which I send to the desk.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
amendments offered by the Senator from
Connecticut will be stated.
The CHIEF CLERK. It is proposed on
page 69, between lines 5 and 6, to insert
the following:
(b) (1) Paragraph (1) of section 15 of such
Act is amended in the third sentence by
striking out "and (B)" and inserting in lieu
thereof "(B) for one year beyond the end of
the fiscal year in which occurred the sale or
transfer thereof by the United States, any
property considered prior to such sale or
transfer to be Federal property for the pur-
poses of this Act, and (C) ".
(2) The amendment made by this sub-
section shall be effective on and after July 1,
1962.
On page 69, line 6, to strike out "(b)"
and insert in lieu thereof "(c)".
On page 69, between lines 12 and 13,
to insert the following:
(b) (1) Paragraph (1) of section 9 of such
Act is amended by striking out "housing"
in clause (B) of the third sentence.
(2) The amendment made by this subsec-
tion shall be effective on and after July 1,
1962.
On page 89, line 13, to strike out
(b) " and insert in lieu thereof "(c) ".
On page 69, line 17, after "shall" to
Insert a comma and the following: "ex-
cept as otherwise provided,".
The PRESIDING OFFICER. How
much time does the Senator from Con-
necticut yield to himself?
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, how
much time would the Senator like?
Mr. DODD. About 5 or 7 minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Connecticut is in control
of the time in favor of his amendment.
How much time does he yield himself?
Mr. DODD. Seven minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from Connecticut is recognized
for 7 minutes.
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, the
amendment would lessen the impact on
school districts of the sale of Govern-
ment-owned property to private inter-
ests.
My amendment would redefine the
meaning of "real property" under Public
Law 874 which presently offers relief to
school districts 1 year beyond the sale of
Government-owned housing property to
private buyers. I feel this provision
should apply to the sale of Government-
owned industrial and nonhousing prop-
erty as well.
The problem which this amendment
remedies was originally brought to my
attention by the sale, consummated last
December, of a number of Government-
owned buildings in the Electric Boat Co.
compound in Groton, Conn.
The sale of this property had an im-
mediate and devastating effect on the
city of Groton and 20 other Connecticut
towns where Federal impacted aid was
based, in part, on this Government-
owned property now in the hands of pri-
vate owners.
The economic crisis was felt immedi-
ately, as anticipated Federal aid was
based on the attendance of schoolchil-
dren of federally connected workers as
of October 1962. The sale took place
after many delays, changes, and modifi-
cations, and resulted in an immediate
reduction in aid to be received.
Mr. President, it is readily apparent
that this property now in the hands of
the Electric Boat Co. will be taxed by
the city of Groton. However, the tax
assessed is not computed until the next
tax year, and will not approximate the
Federal school aid formerly received
when these buildings were Government-
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 17999
flatly refuses to disavow eventual coex- year might well be impatient with solid images. The time and mode of our
istence with a Red-dominated Cuba. Proposals for Cuba's liberation and re- "burial" has possibly been altered.
Last October the President pledged the habilitation made this year and a But who can soberly conclude that the
solemn commitment of U.S. honor, U.S. damper on all serious debate and dis- grave has been filled in? The Soviet
will, and U.S. policy to the goal of Cuba's cussion would be its logical reaction. Communist Party declared in its reply
liberation; yet Castro's Communist tyr- Are they being advised: to Chinese Communist criticism pub-
anny becomes more deeply entrenched . Let us put Cuba in the deep freeze until lished in Izvestia this past July 14: "We
with every passing day. we can come up with big fireworks, with fully stand for the destruction of im-
History may well record our time as startling promises of 1965 action, to be un- perialisln and capitalism. We not only
one characterized by brave words and veiled in the fall of 1964?
"e once again I do not believe that this temptation capitalism but are doing everything for
shoulder our responsibilities and go will be implemented, since it would be so this to be accomplished as soon as pos-
about the not always comfortable busi- contrary to our continuing security. But sible."
ness of world leadership. what then is the explanation? Could it Is there more than one explanation
Ratification of the partial nuclear test be that the administration is in truth as of this declaration of policy?
ban treaty does not sweep away grievous timid, indecisive, and vacillating as it Yet, so many of our officials and opin-
problems such as Soviet Cuba. seems to be? Cuba would not be the only ionmakers walk and talk amidst the de-
Administration spokesmen answer
case in point, it would simply be the most lusions of their own inflated hopes, ap-
public and congressional concern over serious in a long list-a list including parently assuming that our roadmaps
Cuba with one stock debate stopper. Laos, Berlin, the decline of the Atlantic for the future and Khrushchev's are in-
What would you have us do, they ask, Alliance, India's seizure of Goa, and the terchangeable.
go to war? Discussion is then shrouded United Arab Republic's aggression in Though some of the milestones, such
in a mushroom cloud of self-righteous Yemen. as. Cuba, seem to be all too similar and
horror. Yet there are alternatives, con- But the anvil on which our prestige all too dangerous for the United States,
structive alternatives short of war to
our present course. and position are being shattered is Cuba. our desired destinations are still poles
is Since Mr. MORTON, For a great Nation such as ours to tol- apart. The clash of basic principles,
Ken ucky; Mr. ALLOTT, of Colorado, colleagues, Of CMORolorado, r. erate the armed intrusion of an expan- whether we wish to recognize it or not,
CURTIS, of Nebraska; Mr. MUNDT,, M of f sionist power so close to its own shores is still very real and this fact must be
South Dakota; South Mr. DorvllNrcx; of Colo- cannot help weakening our position reinserted into our strategic calculations
rado; Mr. HRUSKA, of Nebraska; Mr. throughout the world. before we relax ourselves into Mr. Khru-
BENNETT, of Utah; Mr. PEARSON, of Kan- Those who question our intentions in shchev's burial ground.
sas; and Mr. SimpsoN, of Wyoming, have Latin America are certainly not reas- We cannot make the hard decisions
all offered on this floor not only specific sured by our appeasement of Castro, required of U.S. foreign policy on the
criticisms of present policy but specific Those who question our resolution over basis of talk of a "good atmosphere" or
proposals for effective action short of Berlin cannot be reassured by our lack a "new climate." One observer as termed
war, action calculated to launch the of resolution over Cuba. this the science of "meteorological dip-
process of Cuba's liberation from Castro Those who question our staying power lomacy." Aristophanes depicted similar
and Soviet military occupation. in southeast Asia are not reassured by political follies as "Cloudcoocooland."
They include a proposal for forma- Cuba. I have always been Intrigued by the
tion of a provisional government around Those who question our intentions in mysteries of the universe, but when it
which all the forces of a free Cuba might the Middle East are not reassured by our, comes to the diplomacy of the United
rally; proposals for a leakproof pacific accommodation with tyranny in Cuba. States, I believe that the basis should
blockade against all strategic traffic; for We must recast our Cuban policy Into be eternal principle and national inter-
a quarantine to isolate Cuba as a base for the encompassing frame of the world- est-not stargazing-and certainly not
Communist subversion; for the imposi- wide struggle with communism before we Red stargazing.
tion of tough penalties against all block- can fairly come to grips with all, the To wait is to suffer later. To plan-
ade runners; for preparations for the re- issues which daily bedevil us. We must. and to act upon a plan-should be the
habilitation of Cuba after Castro and not be taken in by the mounting chorus order of the day.
Soviet occupation; and for a no-quarter of the experts, the so-called Kremlin- Let us delay no longer on the menace
political and psychological offensive ologists; that because of the partial test of Cuba, 90 miles near. Let us give
against Castroism and world Communist ban treaty and Soviet troubles with Red serious consideration to the proposals
aggression-all reinforced by the un- China, Khrushchev Is so affably ready which have been offered here in the Sen-
equivocal demand for an immediate end to do business with us, that U.S. con- ate, and let us hope sincerely that our
to the Soviet occupation of Cuba and, cessions are In order. foreign policy makers will stop ignoring
thus, of the Western Hemisphere. I have heard no offer from Khrushchev serious proposals for our security and
The response to these proposals has to tear down the Berlin wall. will formulate now a course of real and
been almost total silence. As far as the I have heard no offer from Khrushchev meaningful action in the national in-
administration and its apologists are to remove his occupation troops from terest.
concerned, our discussion of alternatives Cuba. Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, will the
to inaction have been entirely ignored. I have heard no offer from Khrushchev Senator from Pennsylvania yield?
How can we account for this silence- for real and meaningful disarmament. Mr. SCOTT. I am glad to yield to
rationally, within the bounds of substan- I have heard no renunciation by the distinguished Senator from Colorado.
tial evidence, and beyond the confines of Khrushchev of the Communist goal of Mr. ALLOTT. I compliment the Sen-
sheer partisan advantage? world domination. ator from Pennsylvania upon his speech
One explanation might run In terms of Instead we hear talk of U.S. troop with respect to the Cuban question and
electoral politics-but its implications are withdrawals which would weaken our po- for calling the situation to the atten-
almost too shocking to contemplate, sition in Europe, of nonaggression pacts tion of the Senate again. There is no
It is true though that despite weeks which would legitimize the Soviet's question, as shown by events, that the
and months of World War II conquests, and of some Cuban question is still foremost in the
prior warning, missile new-found respectability on the part of minds of the American people. Until
sites were "discovered" in Cuba only in the butchers of Budapest. the administration has spelled out a pot-
late September 1962. This was followed Mr. Khrushchev's hand controls the icy for the Nation and gives indication
by the hastily devised "quarantine" cold war thermostat, and all he seems that it has such a policy and will pursue
which was successfully mounted in Oc- to have to do is tap it up a degree or so it, the people will be left in a quandary
tober. The Soviets, eyeball to eyeball; and we glow as if bathed in the sunlight concerning our purposes and aims in
blinked first-or was it a knowing wink of a new era. Personally, I do not be- Latin America.
Just in time for the 1962 congressional . lieve this sun will burn so warmly as to Mr. SCOTT. I thank the Senator
elections. give us a lasting tan. from Colorado for his remarks..
An administration bent on electioneer- It is true that there have been Mr. DOMINICK. Mr. President, will
ing the promise of Cuban liberation next changes In Soviet tactics, postures, and the Senator from Pennsylvania yield?
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18000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE October 8
Mr. SCOTT. I yield. slang had to build an Intricate oommunica- active military, naval, or air service, in
Mr. DOMINICK. I wish to add my tions system to maintain contact with all which it requested the concurrence of
commendation of the senator from their forces there. The system was built the Senate.
underground, Pennsylvania. I commend him particu- underground, it to said, and connects La
Gobernadora with these other bases. San
larly for raising the question of fishing Julian airbase (MIG 21's), San Diego de loo HOUSE BILL REFERRED
boats, which the Russians obviously are Banos, Soroa. Villanueva, Gramma, Finca
using, in my opinion, for the sole pur- Suset. and Meseta de Anafe. The bill H.R. 2436) to amend sec-
pose of mapping the underwater terri- "Pinar del Rio has been converted Into one tion 101(18) of title 38, United States
tories off our coasts, for military use at Immense Soviet military camp," claim re- Code, to permit the furnishing of bene-
a later date. aletance leaders in Cuba. fits to certain individuals conditionally
A Russian military construction-supply discharged or released from active milt-
I have spoken on two occasions about center near Marlel alone extends for almost
the military buildup in Cuba. To me, 3 miles, says a freedom tighter now to the tart' naval, or air service, was read twice
it is extremely serious. Information Is United States, Gustavo Pernaa Calva. It is by its title and referred to the Commit-
reaching us constantly, from a variety visible to any traveler from Havana to Pinar tee on Finance.
of sources, concerning this problem. del Rio." Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I under-
One of the better articles I have read is Marcel Itself Is wholly under Soviet milt- stand the distinguished Senator from
contained in a column entitled "Huge tart' Control, according to a man who for- Georgia desires to call up a conference
Complex in Cuba," writ- merly belonged to the office of the Chief of report. I yield to him, with the under-
Soviet Missile Staff of the Cuban Navy, Juan Guerra standing that the time will not be
ten by Daniel James, and published in Fernandez. He reports that about 1,200 charged to the bill.
the Denver Post of September 17, 1963. Cuban Navy personnel were discharged from The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
I ask unanimous consent that the article Marcel recently and replaced by Russians-
be printed at this point in the RECORD. a move that completed Soviet control of the objection. It is so ordered.
There being no objection, the article base.
purpose for that control is that the
was ordered to be printed to the RECORD, Soviets are Intent on protecting their great DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPRO-
as follows: construction-supply center nearby. which PRIATION BILL, 1964-CONFER-
HUGE SOVIET MISSILE COMPLEX IN CUBA consists of foundries, a cement plant, and a ENCE REPORT
(By Daniel James) thermoelectric plant in the final stages of
WASHINCroN.-RUsstasl guided missiles are construction. Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I sub-
still in Cuba some of them secreted In tun- mit a report of the committee of confer-
nels located in the Province nearest the EDUCATION ence on the disagreeing votes of the two
United States, Pinar del Rio, according to VOCATIONAL Houses on the amendments of the Senate
sources inside Cuba. OPPORTUNITIES to the bill (H.R. 7179) making appro-
The Russians are said to have dug five The Senate resumed the considers- priations for the Department of Defense
the big main tunnels at La base M Maartel, in Pi Pinar near del tion of the bill (H.R. 4955) to strengthen for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964,
Cuban base at
Rio. It was at Martel, just down down the coast and improve the quality of vocational and for other purposes. I ask unanimous
from Havana, that Khrushchev landed most education and to expend the vocational consent for the present consideration of
of the missiles that precipitated the crisis education opportunities in the Nation. the report.
last October. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I yield 1 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. KEN-
The La Gobernadora tunnels are 105 feet minute to the distinguished junior Sen- NEDY in the chair). The report will be
wide---wide enough for two-way traffic-and aloe from Connecticut. read for the information of the Senate.
have reinforced ceilings 30 feet high. The Chief Clerk read the report.
Castro army lieutenant who has defected, and Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. President, I conference report, see House pro-
their personally toured the tunnels during support the amendment offered by my (Fox cn
e(F r c rence o 1963, pp. House pro-
their construction, reports that at least two distinguished senior colleague from Con- ceedings of October RECORD.)
of them penetrate La Gobernadora for a dta- necticut [Mr. DODD]. He has presented 17910, CONGRESSIONAL EDING OFFICER. Is there
tance of 6 miles. to the Senate a real problem, which The One tunnel has been air-conditioned for affects not only the Groton and New objection to the present consideration of
the storage of nuclear warheads, and another London area of Connecticut, but other the report?
equipped with ryfrinerating equipment for areas, as well, which might be similarly There being no objection, the Senate
sizes, storing accordiliquidng ox to to sources used for inside Cuba. Cubabic. mta- situated. The amendment 13 worthy of proceeded to consider the report.
Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, the
Furthermore, add those sources, electrical the support of all Members of this body. committee Mr. of conference agreed , the
systems have been installed at the nearby I hope the amendment will prevail.
base of Meseta de Anafe, and three systems propriations totaling $47,220,010,000 for
are in turn connected with the guided-mis- the various military programs and ac-
Bile centers at La Gobernadora as well as the MESSAGE FROM TILE HOUSE tivities of the Department of Defense,
big horseshoe-shaped military complex A message from the House of Repre- exclusive of military construction, fam-
around Havana. sentatives, by Mr. Hackney, one of its ily housing, civil defense, and military
commands del dsl R the io, it Florida S traibeW. kept It In has be- , reading clerks, announced that the assistance. This total is $119,697,000.
nate bill, which ttotaled
come the site of a great new Soviet military House had agreed to the report of the uundndeer 9, the 707, Se Se and $, which over
complex. say informants recently out of committee of conference on the dis-
Cuba. with Russian Army GHQ located at agreeing votes of the two Houses On the the House bill, which totaled $47,082,-
La Gobernadora. amendments of the Senate to the bill 009,000.
Another part of western Cuba where mis- (HR. 7179) making appropriations for The Conference Committee total of
Pine are reportedly
across the Gulf stored to the late from the Department of Defense for the fiscal $47,220,010,000 is $1,794,227,000 under
Pines, just across the Guff of Batabano [Pinar del Rio. year ending June 30, 1964, and for other the budget estimates of $49,014,237,000,
Fresh Information Indicates that the main purposes, that the House receded from and $1,130,072,500 under appropriations
Soviet installation on the Isle of Pines is at its disagreement to the amendments of totaling $48,350,082,500 for fiscal year
the Bay of Siguanea, and Is manned by an the Senate numbered 9, 11, and 27 to 1963. However, when the 1963 appro-
estimated 2.000 Soviet soldiers and techni- the bill, and concurred therein, and that priation is adjusted to exclude $467,300,-
clans armed with the following; the House receded from its disagreement 000 provided for the support of military
SAM air-to-ground missiles, land-to-sea to the amendment of the Senate gum- family housing, which is not included in
les
mar ro et-launchi ks n strategic m and d artillery. , such ueh bered 20 to the bill, and concurred there- the pending bill, the decrease under
Xo- mar
oonventianartillery. In. with an amendment, in which it re- appropriations for fiscal year 1963 is
ntiona! weapons as tanks an a
Also at Siguanea, according to under- quested the concurrence of the Senate. $662,772,500.
ground sources. Is a large submarine base The message also announced that the Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
under construction. It is said to consist of House had passed a bill (HR. 2438) to sent to have included in the RECORD at
sub pbuil a by Germans at their similar to amend section 101 (18) of title 38. United conclusion of my remarks a tabulation
Kiel those buil naval t base during World World at t War rf. famous States Code, to permit the furnishing of giving the amount of the 1963 appro-
he e Soviet soviet military complex in Pinar del benefits to certain individuals condi- priation, 1964 budget estimate, House
Rio is, literally, so complex that the Rus- tionally discharged or released from allowance, Senate allowance and con-
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18058 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
final letter from the editor; dated Sep-
tember 14, in which he recalls that:
The Russians, during the October 1962,
crisis, demonstrated that they were com-
pletely unwilling to escalate any conflict over
Cuba into nuclear war. Yet, after snatch-
ing defeat from the jaws of victory then,
spines have not stiffened in Washington
where Cuba; is concerned.
Although the Cuban Information
Service is no more, I am pleased to an-
nounce that the activities of Mr. Carlos
Todd will not cease. His prose will soon
emanate from a friendly European coun-
try and will continue to provide inspira-
tion and information to all Cubans fight-
ing underground and in exile awaiting
the day when sanity and the Monroe
Doctrine will surplant the New Frontier
and its doctrine of retreat.
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THIS PAINFUL TRUTH IS REVEALED DY MIAMI'S
"TRUTH ABOUT CUBA COMMITTEE"
YEARLY COST OF CUBA'S COMMUNISM TO THE
UNITED STATES
U.S. citizens' losses deducted in taxes pro-
rated 4 years, $125 million.
U.S. Government's property losses pro-
rated 4 years, $25 million.
Yearly tax loss in Cuban trade, $25 million.
Cost to U.S. taxpayers in increased sugar
prices yearly, $784 million.
Half of yearly cost of Alliance for Progress,
$1 billion?
MAINTAINING CUBAN REFUGEES, YEARLY
Bay of Pigs invasion, $40 million.
Prisoners' ransom, $63 million.
Prorated over 4 years-annually, $23,250,-
000.
Total yearly cost of Cuban communism to
U.S, taxpayers, $2,057,250,000.
Loss of U.S. trade with Cuba amounts to
$450 million, annually. Loss in production
payrolls is incalculable. Money cannot buy
the tremendous loss in prestige in the hemi-
sphere.
It is estimated that the Russians spend
$400 million a year to support their Cuban
colony. It is costing the United States over
five times as much. Bear this in mind the
next time anyone claims that the way to
get rid of communism in Cuba is to make it
too expensive to maintain. Too expensive
for whom?
A LETTER FROM THE EDITOR
This Cuban Information Service published
its first issue on November 3, 1960. Since
that time, we have endeavored, to the best
of our ability, to provide our recipients
with news of the truth about Communist
Cuba and of the rising Red tide that threat-
ens to engulf the Latin American nations.
Editorially, our sole purpose has been to
work for the freedom of our country; and, in
doing so, to attack anything and anybody
who pretended to delay or preclude the day
of Cuban liberation.
The CIS was never intended to be a profit-
making organization. It was distributed
gratis to over 700 newspapers and 1,000 radio
and TV stations scattered from Alaska to
Patagonia. We sent it free to college and
university libraries, members of the faculty,
student organizations, the Washington dip-
lomatic corps, some Senators and Congress-
men, other governmental figures, labor
unions, religious institutions, etc., etc. The
October 8
CIS found its way to Great Britain, West Guiana well over 2 years ago; that Juan
Germany, Spain, Austria, Italy, the Philip-. Bosch is leading the Dominican Republic
pines, France. down the same path to ruin; that Commu-
It is very difficult to obtain the confidence nist terror in Venezuela would intensify fol-
of people who receive something gratis. lowing the same plan employed by Castro.
Anything that is free, is looked upon with We. predict here that this is only the be-
suspicion. Yet in these 3 years, we man- ' ginning; that all of Latin America will fall
aged to prove to the press and individuals in into Communist hands, unless the United
ovr 27 countries that our news sources were States takes firm action against the Havana
sound and the items we published trust- regime of Fidel Castro; and that the Com-
worthy. Never once have we wilfully pub- munist conquest of the Southern Hemisphere
lished a falsehood, and a rumor was always will become fait accompli in less than 10
classified as a rumor. Our editorial policy, years, quite possibly in 5.
like all editorial policies, was strongly sub- The Government and the people of the . As
far wettried to fle^htsfor thes'o rcesipermitted, United States have not yet understood that
That this manner ofv procedure was suc-
cessful is proven by fat scrapbooks, which
contain quotations from this CIS in news-
papers throughout the United States and
Latin America, sometimes with credit, and
sometimes without allusion to the source
of the information presented. At all times,
our only concern was to get the message
across; and, while it is comforting for the
ego to obtain a personal mention, the mat-
ter of paramount importance was to dissem-
inate information and opinion with or with-
out credit.
As editor of this CIS, I have been per-
sonally attacked by the Cuban Communist
press on several occasions. The CP Havana
daily Hoy and its sisters, Revolucion,
employed the grossest language in referring
to my person. I was accused of being a Fas-
cist, a lackey of the imperialists, a reaction-
ary, a counterrevolutionary, a drunken play-
boy, and-the supreme smear-a- homosex-
is an attack on the United States, and not
an internal affair between Communists and
their opponents in South and Central Amer-
ican countries. The main enemy of com-
munism is here, in this country; and all
victories gained by the Reds in the hemi-
sphere are victories against the United States
of America.
We fully agree with the "Soliloquy" of Dr.
Emilio Nunez Portuondo and feel that there
is much to be explained in the strange ac-
tions of all Western governments-certainly
including the United States-and their re-
eluctance to take one single effective action
against' Communist Cuba.
The Russians, during the October 1962
crisis, demonstrated that they were com-
pletely unwilling to escalate any conflict over'
Cuba into nuclear war. Yet, after snatching
defeat from the jaws of victory then, "spines
have not stiffened in Washington where Cuba
is concerned.
ual. Havana's weekly Bohemia dedicated. It is, as Dr. Nunez says, all very mysterious.
an entire article to my activities. Commu- And we ask ourselves, what would the United
nist newspapers in Latin America lavished
insulting prose attacking me personally.
But then, I have also been under the fire of
the New York Times and the New York Post,
as well as the Moscow publication Trud.
It is comforting to know that the comrades
spent so much time, effort, paper, and ink
to attack me. They rarely engage in a
campaign of discreditation unless they feel
that a person is doing them some harm, no
matter how small.
And now, with this issue, the CIS must
cease publication. The reason is very simple:
While we have received generous contribu-
tions from many individuals who received
this service, their vital aid was not enough
to balance the goodly number of news media
and institutions which received the CIS
gratis.
I, personally, cannot continue to work in-
definitely without remuneration. Few peo-
ple can, unless their name happens to be.
Onassis. Responsibilities to my dependents
make it impossible for me to do so. Never-
theless, no matter what I do or where I go,
I shall endeavor to contribute what I can'
to the cause of Cuban freedom.
I wish to thank the many who spontane-
ously offered financial help; and the many
in the United States and in Latin America
who, when things'looked blackest for our
beloved Cuba, wrote letters of encourage-
ment that served to make a man feel that
his work was of some use, no matter how
small.
I also wish to thank 'those here, in Maimi-
Cubans, and Americans who formerly re-
sided in Cuba-who willingly volunteered
their services for the weekly chore of as-
sembling, stapling, folding, stamping, and Congress to give prompt and favorable
mailing the CIS. Without their invaluable consideration to legislation which would
aid, we should have been hard put to get provide hospital insurance Coverage to
CIS out in the mails. the elderly under the social security syS-
This CIS predicted
Ion bef
it
t
,
ore
ac
ually tem. The resolution points out that some
' The committee estimates conservatively became evident, that Broil would turn to- 18 million persons 65 years or over are
that at least half the cost of the $2 billion ward communism and that the comrades
spent annually in the crash program of the had heavily infiltrated the government of in need of assistance in securing health
Alliance for Progress is due to the exist- that country; that Cheddi Jagan and wife care benefits such as those provided by
ence of Communist Cuba.. Janet began the same process in British the King-Anderson-bill.
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States have done if Hitler's Nazi legions had
established a formidable "Festung Cuba" un-
der American noses, in 1940. Ah, how differ-
ent matters would have been then.
Those who are more concerned with the
welfare of this country than with political
victories, those men who represent the real
profiles in courage of our day and age, may
yet turn the tide of public sentiment and
sound the alarm bells of freedom.
For unless the United States of America is
willing to accept the responsibilities and the
risks attendant to all power, that power will
eventually dribble through the hands of the
men who enjoy its privileges, but are not
willing to fight for its continuance, against
a deadly foe who is determined to destroy
this country at all costs. "We will bury
you." said Nikita Khrushchev.. And, by
Lenin, unless the inexorable, worldwide ad-
vance of communism is halted and rolled
back, so they will.
RESOLUTIONS OF OREGON
AFL-CIO CONVENTION
Mrs. NEUBERGER. Mr. President,
the 8th annual convention of the Oregon
AFL-CIO was recently concluded. This
organization, which has been responsible
for many progressive and forward-look-
ing programs in the State of Oregon,
adopted resolutions putting the organiza-
tion on record in support of a number
of major issues which now confront our
country.
One of the resolutions called upon
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
of bank organization- is not an end in Itself
but merely a means to an end, which isspro-
viding the beat banking service possible
industry, commerce, and the public gener-
ally.
Whether or not we agree with the present
branching arrangements In our own or an-
other State, and whether or not we feel com-
petent to revise the branching laws of our
own or another State, I think we must not
overlook the principle laid down in the Mc-
Fadden Act In 1927-that the branching ar-
rangements of national banks should follow
those prescribed by State law in a particular
State. This rule Is essential to the transfer
of banks from Federal to State or from State
to Federal charters. Last year, In reporting
such a bill, which became Public Law 87-
721, I said, "The existing law as to the reten-
tion of branches In cases of conversion, con-
solidation or merger operates as a deterrent
to State banks converting into national
banks in certain States, and hence is Incon-
sistent with the dual banking system which
contemplates that State banks should be able
to convert freely Into national banks and
vice versa."
The importance to the dual banking sys-
tem of the ability to convert from one juris-
diction to another also gives strength to the
view that national banks and State banks
should have substantially the same powers
and limitations, with respect to investments,
trust powers, and the like. It is not, of
course, necessary that these powers and limi-
tations be identical, but if there are any
wide discrepancies, conversion from State to
national charters or vice versa would not be
possible.
The dual banking system can provide ade-
quate facilities for commerce, industry, and
the public only if each of its two parts is
strong and vigorous. This poses challenges
both to the Federal Government and to the
States, But can the Federal Government
give needed control and assistance to achieve
Federal objectives, without taking over con-
trol and responsibility from the State bank-
ing authority? Can the States provide re-
sponsible and effective State banking sys-
tems, able to stand on their own feet without
reliance on Federal crutches? I believe they
can.
This brings us to consider two major Fed-
eral institutions to which many State banks
belong-the Federal Reserve System and the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The
Federal Reserve System has been given vast
powers to regulate the flow of bank credit
and money in order to promote economic
growth and stability and is a remarkable
combination of Federal, State, and private
elements. The Board of Governors, which is
generally held to be independent of the ex-
ecutive branch and is usually described as
an arm of the Congress, consists of Governors
who are given nonrenewable 14-year appoint-
ments subject to confirmation by the Senate
and who can only be removed for cause.
They are in no respect members of any par-
ticular administration but are Intended to
authority to examine and supervise insured
non-member State banks in order to provide
additional protection against banking prac-
tices which might prejudice a bank's deposits
and make it necessary to draw on the in-
surance reserve.
Your proposal that the same Government
agency should have the power to pass on the
insurance of deposits in new National as well
as new State banks Is worthy of considera-
tion.
The duties and powers of the Federal Re-
serve Board and the FDIC are broad and
sweeping. They must be in order tp carry
out their functions. But neither they nor the
State member and insured banks nor the
State bank supervisors should ever forget for
one moment that the State banks are chart-
ered by the States, and are operated under
State laws, and are responsible first and fore-
most to the officials of the States which
created them.
This association was formed more than
80 years ago for the purpose of providing a
place for supervisors of State banks to dis-
cuss their problems, and to increase the use-
fulness and efficiency, and to promote the
general welfare, of State banks. I under-
stand that the latest step in this program
has been the decision of this association to
establish a school for the training of State
bank examiners. This seems to me a most
desirable undertaking. Bank supervision
begins with the bank examiner, and in order
to carry out fully their responsibilities under
the dual banking system, each and every
State banking department must have a care-
ful and well-trained and adequate staff of
bank examiners. I am sure that the estab-
lishment of the association's new school for
training examiners will prove to be a great
step forward for the dual banking system.
The dual banking system can provide the
banking services needed by business and the
public only If both parts of the system are
strong and effective. We must remember
that, while the dual banking system has two
parts. It Is a single system. Judge Bynum's
remarks about the three branches of the
Federal Government are applicable to the
dual banking system-the National banks
and the State banks must firmly maintain
the essential powers belonging to each of
them, but they must always act together as
one brotherhood, with mutual toleration, in
orderto carry out their common trust. And
they must work together for the preservation
of American constitutional liberty within
the framework of a system of private enter-,
prise.
CUBAN INFORMATION CE
Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, I take
the Senate floor to eulogize a victim of
American duplicity and Indecision.
On September 14 a modest green
covered offset publication originating
from an address on Ponce de Leon
Boulevard in Coral Gables, Fla., printed
18057
administration spokesmen, which in it-
self speaks well for the journalistic
prowess of Editor Todd.
Carlos Todd, it should be pointed out,
brought an excellent set of credentials
to Coral Gables with him. He was run
out of Cuba and his post as columnist in
the Havana Times by no lesser a Com-
munist than Fidel Castro. The "Cult
of Fidel" could not stand the searing
revelations of Mr. Todd's editorials when
it became apparent that Castro's strings
were pulled by Moscow and his peoples'
revolution was nothing more than a
Soviet manipulated guerrilla war.
Mr. Todd was not just a refugee when
he landed In Miami. His reputation
could have opened the door to any one
of a dozen top newspaper positions, but
this man sought not a sinecure. He chose
instead to combine his fervent desire for
a free Cuba with his knowledge of Cas-
tro's communism and his broad journal-
istic background to organize his own
branch of the "Pen and the Sword" which
may eventually free the sovietized na-
tion. Mr. Todd's efforts created the
"Cuban Information Service" which
would have seen its third anniversary
November 3.
The gentleman Is a lecturer of no mean
repute. He articulates in impeccable
English. He has an analytically per-
ceptive mind which can penetrate
morasses of governmental verbiage and
graps the saliencies. However, he is not
given to extravagant language as his
publication revealed. He employed a
sardonic sense of humor as he brought
the issue of Cuba and the administra-
tion's duplicity into sharp focus. But
now, partly through the simple facts of
economic life and because of the pressure
exerted on him by the administration,
the "Cuban Information Service" has
gone the way of several score other
papers whose editors in exile ruffled the
wrong Federal feathers.
As an example of the services pro-
vided by the "Cuban Information Serv-
ice," I should like to have two excerpts
printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.
issue, could well be called the "Painful
Truth About Cuba." It contains reveal-
ing statistics, pointing out that Cuba,
which the United States hopes will prove
an unbearable economic burden on the
Soviet Union, is indirectly draining the
United States of five times as much as
the beachhead is costing Khrushchev.
These figures are attributed to an or-
ganization called the "Truth About Cuba
provide "a fair representation of the finan- its 144th and final edition. Committee." However, I am informed
cial, agricultural, industrial, and commercial The death of this amazing literate that in round numbers they are quite
interests, and geographic divisions of the fact sheet was viewed with mixed emo- accurate.
country" The Federal Reserve banks, with tions. In Miami, in more than two
stock owned by member banks, have a de The first portion of the table, "Yearly
gree of Independence from the Federal Gov- - dozen countries, in myriad newspaper offices and private homes throughout Cost of Cuba's Communism to the United the
banks
part in thennetand ,le anof thepres dents andldrec- the United States, there was regret and States," is broken down into roughly
surprise. But there can be no doubt that eight divisions which puts the total an-
Tha e Federral l De Depossit t Insurance Corporation the death of Carlos Todd's to the ai banks, nual cost of Cuban communism in U.S.
T Cuban In- taxpayers' dollars at $2,057,250,000.
was created in 1933 to make sure that formation Service elicited a satisfied 0 of U.S.
demand deposits would continue to serve as sigh from the administration, for this Other with data Cuba reveals amounts that the th Ito million
the Nation's principal monetary supply by unpretentious publication had for nearly trade
means of the insurance of Individual de- 3 years committed the unpardonable annually and that all in all Cuba, operat-
posits in the Nation's banks. FDIC has built sin of telling the Cuban story as seen ing with impunity only 90 miles from
up a huge reserve fund out of premiums paid
from inside that miserable island. The the United States, is a far greater burden
by the many insured banks, and it en the facts carried in the Cuban Information in dollars than it is in rubles.
hard to believe that the commitment t of of the
Federal Government to support this In- Service almost continuously contra- I should like also to have printed at
surance will ever be needed. FDIC Is given dicted the hackneyed blandishments of the conclusion of my remarks Mr. Todd's
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