ADMINISTRATION INDECISION STRENGTHENS CASTRO

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 48
• Publication Date: June 10, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

A3724 Approved For Relt 6R4Ag? AEIl-ECORD 00 APPENDIX240048-4
sales would put the automaker at the mercy
of the Wall Street bankers, as Henry Ford
used to call them.
The new autpmotive year is well on the
way to another near record, perhaps. an all-
time record. With the. population growth
and the two-car family trend, it could be-
come a habit and spell the end of automo-
tive off years.
But the auto industry needs room to
breathe to do its job with its widely acknowl-
edged know-how. May the reported words
of a White House official "Thank God for the
auto industry"-become part of the perma-
nent Washington language and not just a
cry of salvation in a year of misery and mis-
chief.
Administration Indecision Strengthens
Castro
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF, TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the Com-
munist threat to the Western Hemi-
sphere grows and is strengthened each
day that the Castro dictatorship stays
in power in Cuba supported by the
armed might of the Soviet Union. The
indecision of the Kennedy administra-
tion in either bringing about the re-
moval of Russian troops and weapons
and in taking steps to give the Cuban
people a chance to regain their freedom
adds to the strength of the Castro gov-
ernment and further threatens the se-
curity of the United States. It is past time for President Kennedy
to take firm and bold action to rid Cuba
of Castro and the Western Hemisphere
of Russian aggression. He should im-
mediately reinstate the Monroe Doc-
trine, stop the shipment of strategic ma-
terials to Cuba, including oil, and de-
mand the immediate withdrawal of all
Russian troops and arms.
The following column by Virginia
Prewett in the June 7 issue of the Wash-
ington Daily News exposes the problem
created by the President's lack of policy:
ACTION Now Is URGED To OUST CASTRO
A capsule referendum of U.S. nongovern-
mental leadership has urged President Ken-
nedy to publicize the full facts of the United
States-Cuba position, and to remove both
Fidel Castro and the Soviet presence from
Cuba "without delays."
jNew York's Freedom House and other spe- an Objective try pest-1948 trace has. been outside the
udgment on the most- Soviet bloc-almost half of it in Western
cialists recently disclosed that 25 seasoned favored-nation issue that I call their Europe and about $30 million of it yearly
U.S. Military, inter-American agreed that- attention to an article which appeared with the United States.
Washington's withholding of information May 19, 1963, in the conservative- The U.S. figure may drop to $20 million or
on Cuba "hinders the formation of American oriented Los Angeles Times. less if most-favored-nation status is killed.
public opinion rather than obstructing the The story was written by Mr. Jack Any indication that Tito can forge a with-
enemy." The meeting demanded publication Jones, .an assistant city editor of the out eRuss ae or c hei Westu draws flourish
doubtful
of "the correspondence between Nikita Times, who recently toured Yugoslavia headshakings because of the lack of heavy
Khrushchev and the President during and on a visit to Europe.
following the October confrontation." machinery in virtually all those countries.
On eliminating the Soviet occupation of The article follows: Tito apparently sees his (or Yugoslavia's)
Cuba, "what is needed is a commitment to YUGOSLAVIA GUESSING GAME-WHICH WAY future as leader of the Afro-Asian bloc, the
urgent and immediate action, unambigu- WILL Tiro TURN? nonalined, however, and there is a great
ously expressed." (By Jack Jdeal of feeling here that he will chase that
On the risk of nuclear war, "We are most BELGRADE.-Raise a glass Jones)
s slivovitz with rainbow despite his-ingrained Marxism which
in danger when our Indecision suggests fear, a Yugoslav at a sidewalk cafe along the Sov et stylenre it tons. time to time to babble
weakness, or ineptness., The risks later will
be more. formidable than the risks now."
SPARK
Continued Red presence, in fact, "could
provide the very spark that ignites a nuclear
war," the report notes. "Any incident-a
barroo?t brawl with Soviet soldiers in Ha-
vana, a flareup of tempers over a child run
down by a Soviet jeep-could lead to Russian
shooting."
Among those at the 3-day assembly,
cosponsored by Freedom House and the Citi-
zens' Committee for a Free Cuba, were Vision
Magazine Publisher William E. Barlow, the
Research Institute of America's Leo Cherne,
Herald-Tribune Columnist Roscoe Drum-
mond, the liberal Inter-American Association
for Democracy and Freedom's Frances Grant,
Daniel James of the Citizens' Committee,
Brig. Gen. S. L. A. Marshall, Columnist Edgar
Ansel Mowrer, Columbia University Prof.
Frank Tannenbaum, Vice Adm. Charles
Wellborn, Jr., Florida University's Prof. A.
Curtis Wilgus, and this writer.
The report asks: Is our policy geared to
secret "accords" with Khrushchev? Why is
there no tough ban on American goods to
traders with Cuba? Did Bay of Pigs prisoner
exchanges serve as cover for a Tito-style re-
conciliation with Castro? Don't "deals" with
a Sovietized Cuba repudiate United States-
Rio Pact obligations and "in effect the whole
inter-American system?"
ACTION
The conference listed 14 possible direct
Castro-toppling actions, from collective
measures honoring the Rio and Bogota Pacts
and Punta del Este to invasion of Cuba by
an OAS joint task force.
"Our leaders must keep us informed of
the facts and their plans for the future; we
must keep our leaders informed of the peo-
ple's judgment and willingness to sacrifice."
the conferees agreed.
United States-Yugoslavia Trade Rela-
tions-Senseless or Sensible?
of
HON. RONALD BROOKS CAMERON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 28, 1963
June 10
BulevarRevolucije and, because you are an
American, he will ask:
"Why does your Congress try. to kill trade
relations with Yugoslavia? Are -they trying
to force us to trade with the Russians?"
Confusion and' hurt persist as to .why the
United States, for which a large number of
Yugoslavs hold warm regard, should want
to revoke this country's most-favored-nation
tariff benefit status. -
Combined with the conclusion that West-
ern European buyers for about half of its
products will fade with the acceleration of
the Common Market, Yugoslavia's fear over
possible U.S. trade discrimination is a chill-
ing one Indeed.
American economic observers here see two
alternatives:
Yugoslavia will turn fulltilt back to the
Soviet block, from which it broke in 1948,
in the ideological uproar with Stalin,
Marshal Tito (who after all is Yugoslavia)
will try the monstrous task of putting to-
gether an independent trade bloc of non-
aligned nations.
These observers regard the second possibil-
ity as hopeless.
The recent visit to Belgrade of Secretary
of State Dean Rusk made clear the Kennedy
administration's concern over where Yugo-
slavia might wander if Congress doesn't re-
peal the act which would cancel the most-
favored-nation clause.
Because they have heard that Rusk was
"optimistic" In his private talk with Tito,
many Yugoslavs will tell you now they don't
think the United States is going to let them
fall in with the Soviets again.
U.S. Embassy people in Belgrade are almost
frantic in their desire to convince the Ameri-
can public-and Congress that Yugoslavia
is unique among Communist countries, that
it is inaccurate to identify it with Moscow
leadership.
They are openly disturbed by the threat
of discriminatory tariffs, just as the Com-
mon Market specter is growing.
"The overall effect of the congressional ac-
tion," said one American diplomatic figure
here, "was to give the impression that Yugo-
salvia's future with the West isn't very
bright * * * that their trade future lies in
areas other than Western Europe and North
America."
But even Yugoslavia's stanchest Ameri-
can friends here recognize that Tito and
some of his underlings are directly respon.
sible for anti-Yugoslav feeling in the United
States through their penchants for pro-
Soviet statements.
American r
t
esen
ment is natural, they rea-
Mr. CAMERON. Mr. Speaker, during lize, when one considers that Yugoslav econ-
recent weeks a number of articles oppos- omy has been bolstered by more than $2
ing most-favored-nation tariff treatment billion in U.S. aid over the past few years.
to Poland and Yugolsavia have been aid But, Embresy people here point out, that
tnserea into the RECORD b aid is finished except for surplus wheat sales
Members, by various and the windup of some technical assistance
programs.
subject is a controversial one and And. that aid, they maintain, helped keep
Properly so. But I am sure that most Yugoslavia out of the Soviet bloc and make
Of my colleagues are eager to examine it a stable nation in what historically has
both sides of the coin before reaching ? been a short-fused region.
a final decision on this important +rade . Yugoslav trade officials feel Americans
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23: CIA- 0383R000200240048-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD A E13723
sight, as It has been in dealing with the
cotton problem, is to invite disaster. We
cannot improve the world's economy by
weakening our own.
Clarke School for Deaf
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. SILV1O 0. CONTE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 9, 1963
Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, Clarke
School for the Deaf, in Northampton,
Mass., was chartered June 1, 1867, by an
act of the Massachusetts General Court.
Its early history is sprinkled with great
and generous names and the area of
Northampton where the school is lo-
cated-Round Hill-is rich in the history
of this country.
In 1871, Alexander Graham Bell
taught the Clarke faculty his father's
system of visible speech. Later, he was
to marry Mabel Hubbard, who had been
deafened at the age of 4.
One of the great unfolding dramas of
the time was the eventual partnership
between Alexander Graham Bell and
"May" Hubbard Bell.
A recent article in the Northampton
Daily Hampshire Gazette vividly recap-
tures this memorable event. I commend
the article of May 28, 1963, to my col-
leagues:
CLARKE SCHOOL FOR DEAF CARRYING ON VITAL
WORK
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CHARLES E. CHAMBERLAIN
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 4, 1963
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, as
the House will soon consider the Tax
Rate Extension Act of 1963 to extend
again the discriminatory excise tax
against the automobile, I take this op-
portunity to call the attention of my col-
leagues to the following editorial from
the 1963 Automotive Yearbook, setting
forth so effectively the importance of the
automobile industry to our whole econ-
omy and the danger of serious repercus-
sions if the industry does not continue
to prosper.
The excise taxes designed to retard
production during wartime have been
lifted from almost every product on
which they were levied, but not on the
automobile. Now, when the President
is calling on us to consider tax reduction
'
s
as a force to stimulate the Nation
economy, I submit that it is certainly a
time for deep reflection about the ad-
visability of continuing these unfair
excises.
The author of this editorial is Robert
B. Powers, publisher of Ward's Auto-
motive Reports, a well-known weekly
digest covering all phases of automotive
production. As we ponder about the
various courses of action to promote eco-
nomic growth, I feel that we should join
in saying "Thank God for the auto in-
dustry." The editorial follows:
So GOES THE ECONOMY
The automotive year of 1962 will be re-
corded as the year Washington discovered the
old Detroit adage. "As the auto Industry
goes, so goes the economy.
Certainly the industry that produced over
8 million cars and trucks gained little en-
seemingly
couragement from a licks gained
more Interested in hearings and seemingly
tions than in helping to create a favorable
business climate.
the year past, the attitude toward busi-
toyment kept
ness was puzzling, unemployment
mounting, the Nation's gold supply kept
dwindling, a scarcity of silver bullion be-
came evident and the props were pulled out
from under a seesaw security market.
Yet the auto industry and all those de-
pendent on it continued to thrive. The car-
makers had attractive products and knew
how to merchandise them to an increasingly
selective public.
And Chrysler, as the star performer of the
year, sharply Increased Its share of the auto-
motive market and helped to stir a sluggish
security market to life.
There Is an omen in all this that should
not be Ignored. It is that a profitable and
full-employment automotive year needs now
to be close to a 8 million car and truck year.
continually mounting costs car n and trit.
The break-even point among automakers
gets parts yearly higher. It's the same for the
the
makers, the dealers, the suppliers.
y
e
ing t
Mabel Hubbard, Wife and inspiration to his daughter to speak to the members of Alexander Graham Bell, early in life learned the committee.
the meaning of the 23d Psalm. "They plied her with questions In historyFour-year-old May Hubbard walked and geography, and gave her simple grab through the valley of the shadow of death tams in arithmetic," MISS Waite writes. when she suffered a virulent attack of scar- "May's answers were prompt, while her whole let fever. The disease destroyed her hearing. face lit with eagerness.
Coaxed by her mother, the bewildered little "Opening a book. May read a page or twogirl identified objects and even volunteerd easily and clearly. Something like awe a few words. But she could not hear. May seemed to drop over the room. Most of thA a at her parents' hearts when she said committee had sudden difficulties with their perplexedly, "Why don't the birdies sing? spectacles. ' ' '" anted a charter for Why don't you talk The legislature granted PSALM Clarke School for the Deaf -still carrying The Hubbards never were sure that May on its vital work at Northampton. Another
bill provided for teaching deaf children at understood them. They feared that the ill- Clarke and other schools how to speak and
ness had affected her brain. Then one day as Ilpread. The victory was complete. Mrs. Hubbard was reading the 23d Psalm her When Germany she was 13, Mabel Hubbard visited Ma
mother y, the read, girl joined in as her with her mother. Even the di-follow , "And goodness and mercy shall rectors of the advanced German schools for In her book. "Make a Joyful Sound," man child in any oral school can match her Helen E. Waite describes the steps-first in any Way-speech or speech reading, or faltering, then confident-that May took everyday knowledge," one director said. it from the baffling world of silence and her is a tfue miracle."
subsequent life with the inventor of the When Mabel was 15, her mother took her telephone. to Alexander Graham Bell to improve her Mabel Hubbard was the daughter of speech still further. Young Bell was teach- Gardiner Green Hubbard, a Boston lawyer ing visible speech, invented by his father, and philanthropist who was the first press- Alexander Melville Bell. It was a system of dent of the National Geographic Society. graphic symbols representing the position of Mr. Hubbard was determined that his speech organs In making different sounds. daughter should not spend her life In silence Professor and pupil fell In love. Mabel and Isolation. married Bell In 1877 when she Was 19, a Mr. Hubbard sought teachers who could year after he had successfully demonstrated
as telephone at the Centennial Exposition
his L It
w
86
expert
2,
a pioneering quest in 1
- -- -- million
him no encouragement, "You cannot Though a great inventor, r. million on the year's output.
retain her speech, Mr. Hubbard." they said. considered himself a teacher of the deaf.
"She will be dumb in 3 months because she Until their deaths. he and Lira. Bell together A manufacturer in another field netted
cannot hear. And If by some chance she did labored to help fulfill the Biblical prophecy $140 million on an Identical volume of busl-
learn to produce words, her voice would be that the "cars of tthe t deeaf shf llh un- saness les and still suffer more than mm illion loss I in
womb' rse than than the screech of a steam locomo- stopped facturer. A similar $100 million drop in
five." sing."
Unsatisfied. Mr. Hubbard turned to Samuel
Howe, director of the Perkins Institution for
the Blind. Dr. Howe, with Horace Mann, had
written a classic report about the German
schools where deaf children spoke and un-
derstood others by reading lips.
Dr. Howe said May could do the same.
"Talk, talk, talk to her, just as you do to
your other children." he advised. "Make
sure she is watching your lips. And teach
her by vibration. Have her feel your throat,
the cat's purr, the piano, and make her
talk."
TRYING TIMES
The task Was not easy. Neither of May's
parents cared later to speak of those Iitf-
Ilcult months. Mr. Hubbbard once said, "At
first our little girl was very unwilling to
talk," and Mrs. Hubbard wrote to a friend,
"What an easy life you lead. How free from
care compared to mine."
"But then, gradually, the tide had turned,"
Miss Waite writes. "Miraculously, May un-
derstood more and more of what was being
said to her. She used words and even sen-
tences more freely and voluntarily, even add-
ing to her vocabulary words she hasn't known
before her Illness ' ' She was a happy
and responsive member of the family once
more."
Mary True, a devoted teacher, then took
over May's education, drawing her firmly
Into the hearing world. "She was my teacher
for 3 years," Mrs. Bell later recalled, "and
my friend for all time."
In 1867, when she was 9 years old, May
Hubbbard proved she had learned her les-
sons well. She was the star witness at a
State legislative hearing.
A special committee of the Massachusetts
Legislature was considering a proposal for
a new school for the deaf. Witnesses
doubted that deaf children could be taught
to speak and read lips, and a strong faction
wanted sign language taught at the new
school.
The sign language advocates were carry-
until Mr. Hubbard called on
da
h
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 Approved For Relea
1963-- CONGRE
Assembly of Captive European Nations
Deplores Approval of. Hungarian Cre-
dentials in United Nations
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
recent approval of credentials of the
Communist delegation of Hungary to the
U.N. and the role in this approval that
was played by the U.S. delegation is sub-
ject to critical comment throughout the
country.
One of the organizations which right-
fully, forcibly, and morally discusses this
development-the Assembly of Captive
European Nations-includes in its mem-
bership the legitimate leaders of the
Hungarian people, and I ask -leave to in-
sert the statement of ACEN into the
RECORD at this point:
ASSEMDLY OF CAPTIVE EUROPEAN NATIONS DE-
PLORES APPROVAL OF HUNGARIAN CREDENTIALS
IN UNITED NATIONS
Regarding the unopposed decision the
United Nations Credentials Committee took
on June 5 to accept the credentials of the
Kadar-delegation to the U.N. General As-
sembly, the Assembly of Captive European
Nations issued today the following state-
ment:
The approval Of the credentials of the
Kadar regime by the United Nations Creden-
tials Committee will come as a great shock
to the people of Hungary and other captive
countries. The absence of any attempt to
challenge the legitimacy of the representa-
tives appointed by a regime the U.N. had
branded as one established by Soviet military
intervention will, we feel, be viewed as proof
that to all practical purposes the question of
Hungary has been dropped, as proof that
sheer expediency and not principle deter-
mines the policies of the Western powers.
The abstention of the U.S. delegation will be
credibly represented to the captive peoples by
Communist propaganda as evidence that the
status quo In East Central Europe has come
to be accepted as final. It will further de-
moralize the captive peoples and thus weaken
an essential deterrent to Soviet aggressive-
ness in Europe.
The damage this action is bound to cause
to the prestige and the vital interest of the
Western powers can still be repaired, at
least in part. The United States and other
free nations can bring up the substance of
the matter at the autumn session of the
United Nations General Assembly. They
can and should ask for the inscription of the
real issue on the agenda of the next U.N.
session. And the real issue is not whether
some amelioration has occurred in Hungary,
but whether the right of self-determination
has or has not been restored to its people.
The U.N. resolutions have called indeed for
the restoration of political independence of
Hungary by means of the withdrawal of So-
viet troops, reestablishment of human rights
and free elections. These are demands the
passage of time cannot render obsolete. it
Is the hope of the Assembly of Captive Eu-
ropean Nations that public opinion in the
United States and other free nations will
lend strong support to the plea that the real
issue be raised as a matter of principle, re-
gardless of the chances of securing a majority
vote.
06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
ONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3721
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF TEXAS
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, while the
Kennedy administration urges further
understanding of the Russians and pre-
pares for new concessions in the spirit of
accommodation, the Soviet Union,
through its puppet Castro, continues to
use Cuba as a training school for sub-
version in the Western Hemisphere de-
signed to isolate dnd destroy the United
States. Wouldn't it be a good idea, be-
fore the President makes any further
accommodation to tell Khrushchev to
get his troops and weapons out of Cuba,
stop sending his saboteurs into other
Latin American countries and pull his
agents out of the United States? Or is
it too much to ask the Russians to at
least call a halt to their campaign
-against us while the peace talks are go-
ing on?
The following report from the Chicago
Tribune of June 9 tells to what extent
the Soviet Union is using Cuba to export
subversion and make U.S. policies look
ridiculous:
REPORT FROM LATIN AMERICA: CALLS CUBA
SCHOOL FOR ATTACK ON AMERICAS
(By Jules Dubois)
LIMA, PERU, June 8.--Pedro G. Beltran, for-
mer Prime Minister, recently delivered an
address to the Catholic Press Association of
the United States and Canada in Miami
Beach.
"Cuba has thus become a model campus
of the modern college for subversion of the
Americas," he said. "The Communists are
mounting an attack on our countries from
within."
No sooner had he returned home than P.
band of Communists who had been trained
in Cuba fought a battle with police at an
isolated river port in Peru.
Beltran, who has been exposing the Com-
munist conspiracy in his newspaper La
Prensa here; points out that his remarks in
Miami Beach At the facts so well that they
now sound as if they had been prepared
after the event,
"How can you expect to control this sort
of indoctrination and infiltration?" Beltran
asks with great concern. "The boys who
are taken to Cuba-whether from Peru, Bo-
livia, Colombia, and Ecuador or any of these
countries-need no passport in order to
travel. Once they are over the border, Castro
agents furnish them with money and trans-
portation. They are welcomed to Havana
without documents and when they leave
they are provided with forged passports
which do not mention their stay in Cuba.
Certainly they will not return home through
regular channels.
ACTIVITY BLAMED ON RUSSIANS IN CUBA
"The fact is," Beltran warns, "that as long
as the Russians are in Cuba, it will continue
to be, as I said in Miami, a model campus of
the modern college for subversion of the
Americas."
Beltran recalls that a distinguished
Englishman reminded him recently that it
took Europe centuries to halt the Moslem
penetration and finally to drive them back
'from Europe. In South America, he points
out, the Russian threat is seen in a different
light.
"We see Cuba as an ideal center of opera-
tions for the subversion of Latin America,"
he says, "far handier and more effective in
Khrushchev's plan for this part of the world
than mother Russia. Russia is too far away.
A different language is spoken there."
Premier Fidel Castro learned that during
his trip to. Russia, where he was rewarded by
Khrushchev for having fallen In line as the
Voice of Soviet Russia in Latin America. He
was made a hero of the Soviet Union, another
Communist accolade to. add to the Lenin
Peace Prize that he previously received. This
time, though, Khrushchev personally pinned
the medal on him at a Moscow ceremony.
While Beltran rightfully expresses his con-
cern about the Communist encroachment,
one must also ask what the Peruvian Gov-
ernment plans to do about it,
OAS CALLED ONLY AS GOOD AS MEMBERS -
As yet there has been no sign that it might
place the case before. the Organization of
American States, Critics of the OAS lash at
that body and accuse it of inaction. But the
OAS is no better than its member govern-
ments and it cannot act without being re-
quested to do so by a government,
In this particular case, Peru is the affected
party, Peru has collected the evidence and
has in custody the fighters who confessed
they were trained, in Cuba.
Perhaps the military junta that is super-
vising tomorrow's presidential elections may
feel that it is only an interim government
and that the constitutional regime (ii one
should assume. office July 28) is the one to
pursue the matter before the OAS.
In the meantime, though, the junta has
been warned through the exposes of La
Prensa, which began more than a year ago,
that guerrillas were active in the Andean
mountains and were part of a plot to seize
the government and deliver the country to
Russia.
Beltran is now sparking another ? cam-
paign; a law, against Communist subversion.
The junta might enact that before it leaves
office, If it does leave as scheduled.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RALPH - F. BEERMANN
OF NEBRASKA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mr, BE:ERMANN. Mr. Speaker, `the
future of the food and fiber industry
from the producer to the consumer, is
in a very delicately balanced, precarious
position. Congress can and should write
legislation during ? the 1st session of the
88th Congress that will gradually move
our country forward, toward the day
when our. commodities will enjoy a free
market regulated by the greatest law-
supply and consumption.
The cotton problem is clearly illus-
trated in the following article in the June
1963 issue of the, Reader's Digest:
COSTLY CHAOS IN COTTON-TIME To END IT:
ILL-CONCEIVED GOVERNMENT INTERFERENCE
IS WREAKING HAVOC IN AN INDUSTRY THAT
WAS FORMERLY ONE OF THE LEADING U.S.
DOLLAR EARNERS ABROAD
(By Robert S. Strother)
With the very best of intentions, the U.S.
Government is bringing ruin to the Ameri-
can cotton growing and cotton textile Indus-
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65BOG383R000200240048-4
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
A3722 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
tries-and losing nearly a half billion dollars
a year in the process.
Only a dozen years ago cotton was among
the most valuable of all our exports. Our
cottongrowers supplied 47 percent of the
cotton fiber in world trade, and our mills
558 billion square yards of cotton piece goods.
Today our growers supply only 33 percent of
the cotton fiber traded, and our mills only
417 billion square yards of cotton piece goods.
In the last decade 3,711,000 cotton system
spindles have been shut down, and 282.000
textile mill jobs-15 percent of the total-
have disappeared.
In the last decade, too, our Imports of
cotton textiles have multiplied tenfold. In
1960, for the first time since recordkeeping
began, imports exceeded exports, and they
are still rising. As every customer of a U.S.
department store or supermarket can see, our
display counters are loaded with blankets,
lace curtain, tablecloths, underwear, shirts,
dressing gowns-cotton textiles in almost
every form known-bought abroad and
offered here at low prices.
On top of this, we have 8,500,000 bales of
surplus cotton-41.7 billion worth-in stor-
age, in spite of the fact that we spent ap-
proximately 392 million tax dollars last year
alone in efforts to dump, barter or, in effect.
give the fiber away.
In short. cottongrowers and processors are
losing markets rapidly, both to foreign-
grown cotton and to man-made fibers, and
they will go on losing them until we have
no cotton growers and mills left, or until our
ill-conceived farm and trade policies are
radically revised.
The trouble in cotton began In the 1930's.
At that time, the United States supplied
nearly half of the world's requirements, sell-
ing an average of 6,300,000 500-pound bales
of cotton overseas annually, at a profit.
Then, to help the small, depression-ridden
farmer survive, the U.S. Government started
propping up the price of cotton with public
money, as it has done with wheat, corn, soy-
beans, and other farm commodities. This
kept poor marginal farmers in business.
But it also raised U.S. cotton prices so high
that our cotton began to lose buyers in the
world market.
After World War II, tropical nations
around the globe saw a chance to profit by
undercutting the U.B. high price for raw
cotton. In addition, American point 4 ad-
visers in countries such as India, Pakistan,
Egypt, Sudan, Mexico, and Brazil helped
local growers with improved seed, machinery.
and instruction in advanced methods of cul-
tivation. Production abroad soon soared to
record heights, and the world price of cotton
fell. U.S. cotton, with its price pegged at
around 35.5 cents, could not compete. By
1958 we were selling only 2,200,000 bales
abroad, Instead of the 6,300,000 we had been
selling 20 years earlier. Our stockpiled sur-
plus rose to 14,500,000 bales.
Something had to be done,
Congress might have cut the subsidy being
paid to cotton farmers, thus letting the price
of U.S. cotton fall to a competitive level.
The growers of about 85 percent of our cot-
ton could have withstood this and been
healthier for It, because it would have pre-
served their market, and because they do not
need a subsidy to compete with growers any-
where anyway. But the small, Inefficient
growers of the remaining 15 percent would
have been squeezed out, some into other
crops. some into other businesses. So. In-
stead of cutting the subsidy. Congress piled
a new subsidy on top of the old one, setting
In motion a scheme which became notorious
as "two-price cotton."
This new scheme directed the Secre-
tary of Agriculture to subsidize the sale of
cotton abroad to any extent required to get
rid of It. That meant, In effect, that he
would buy up the surplus of U.B. cotton at
the pegged price of, say, 33.5 cents a pound,
and then dump it somewhere overseas at,
say. 25.8 cents. He was empowered to take
the difference out of the U.B. taxpayer.
At the same time. U.B. cotton mills wore
obliged to buy domestic cotton at the pegged
price because there Is a virtual embargo on
raw-cotton imports. Thus, adoption of the
two-price system meant that U.S. mill owners
had to pay 0187 a bale for the same cotton
that the United States was glad to sell to a
foreign mill for 0129.
Spokesmen for the U.S. textile industry
bitterly denounced two-price cotton as un-
fair Government discrimination against
U.S. mills-and predicted a flood of textile
imports. Their forecast was quickly con-
firmed. As the import tide rose month by
month, many U.S. plants closed down, and
others went on reduced workweeks. For
the people who gained their living In the
U.S. textile business, there was irony in the
swirling tide of Imports; their own Income-
tax payments had helped financed It.
Meanwhile, the United States had em-
barked an a second course which hastened
the wrecking started by the two-price
scheme. In a humanitarian move to provide
cheap textile to clothe the ragged masses of
Asia and the Middle East. U.B. foreign-aid
administrators built a number of new textile
plants abroad and modernized others. The
new mills were equipped with the most ad-
vanced machinery. American engineers,
designers, and merchahdising men with
vaunted know-how were sent abroad to help.
These plants, too, moved In on the Amer-
ican market. With wage rates as low as one-
fourth to one-tenth of those enforced by
law In U.S. mills, with U.S. cotton available
at a discount (and even in some cases
bought with U.S. aid funds), and with ef-
ficient new plants financed in part by the
American people. haw could they lose?
Thus, the ruin of the cotton-growing in-
dustry was spread to the cotton-textile in-
dustry. Hundreds of thousands of Ameri-
cans lost their jobs.
There have been periodic-and inept-at-
tempts to doctor the situation. U.S. textile
exporters could not stay in business under
a 25-percent handicap in raw-material costs;
so an equalization fee was introduced. Un-
der It, exporters may recover, again from
the U.S. Treasury, 8.5 cents a pound for
the cotton content of the goods they sell
abroad.
Most of the new would-be remedies were
designed, however, to regulate the flow of
imports. These, too, have proved fruitless.
Japan, which buys large quantities of U.S.
cotton (1,103,000 bales, or 39 percent of her
requirements. In 1961-62). adopted a volun-
tary quota on her shipments of cotton tex-
tiles to the United States. But then Hong
Kong rushed to supply what Japan relin-
quished, followed by the Republic of Korea,
Taiwan, Pakistan, India, the Philippines,
Portugal. Spain. Italy, and France,
Seeing little progress In resolving cot-
ton's dilemma, some administration spokes-
men seem inclined to wash their hands of
the mess that the Government has done so
much to create. The Washington Post said
outright what Under Secretary of State
George Ball seems to have hinted: perhaps
the U.S. textile Industry should consider
itself it "terminal ease." and arrange to ex-
pire quietly while the Government under-
takes to train its remaining 881,000 workers
for other, unspecified. jobs. "Sustained pro-
tection of uneconomic mills," the newspaper
said, "would close our markets to struggling
nations in whose advancement we have In-
vested millions in foreign aid."
Textile people flare at the Idea that the
welfare of struggling nations should be
of more concern to the U.S. Government
than that of the 2 million Americans en-
gaged in the domestic textile and garment
industries. They attack the Idea that their
industry is obsolete. "Foreign producers
are not underselling us because they pro-
duce a prettier, more serviceable, or more
durable product," says Robert C. Jackson,
executive vice president of the American
Textile Manufacturers Institute, "but solely
because they have access to cotton-includ-
ing American cotton-at one-third less than
we must pay, and because they pay a wage
that could not be tolerated in this country."
"I recognize that foreign-trade policy is
an Integral part of overall foreign policy,"
Robert T. Stevens, president of the J. P. Ste-
vens Co. mills has said. "Textiles, however,
have been called upon to carry too much'of
the load-unless our Government desires to
consider the textile industry expendable."
What Iles ahead for this sick industry?
With President Kennedy's approval, the
Department of Agriculture proposed in No-
vember 1981 that an equalization fee of 8.5
cents a pound be levied on the cotton con-
tent of textile Imports, thus exactly offset-
ting the export subsidy. "A tariff to offset
a subsidy that compensates for a price sup-
port," snorted the New York Times.
Fortunately the Tariff Commission re-
jected the proposal, and the President tossed
the problem back to the Department of
Agriculture for referral to Congress, where
one of the new ideas Is to let handlers other
than the producers buy U.S. cotton at the
32.5-cent support price, sell it to U.S. mills
at the 24-cent world price, and then collect
the difference of hundreds of millions of dol-
lars annually from the ever-loving U.S.
Treasury. The favored remedy, in short, is
still another huge subsidy-an attempt, In
the words of the Baltimore Sun, to "balance
by new Interference the unbalance wrought
by earlier interference In previous efforts to
balance still earlier interference."
We don't need any more remedies of this
sort. We need, basically, to get rid of the
subsidy paid to U.S. cottongrowers, so that
the price of our cotton can move toward
the free-market level. This can be done
gradually, over several crop seasons, and it
must be done. The Committee for Eco-
nomic Development and the American Farm
Bureau Federation agree on this. The
growers of 86 percent of U.S. cotton are by
a wide margin the most efficient producers
In the world, and can compete globally with-
out leaning on a subsidy. It makes no sense
to kill off both them and the cotton textile
Industry In an attempt to keep the growers
of the remaining 15 percent down on the
farm.
"The little cotton farmer is fighting a los-
ing battle, and knows It," a Department of
Agriculture official in Georgia said to me
recently. "The Government, instead of try-
ing to keep these guys in business, ought to
be helping them to get out and into some-
thing useful. It ought to give those who
want it training and transition loans. A
plan like that could save us a lot of money
in The long run. It could also save the in-
dustry."
World consumption of cotton is increasing
steadily, Despite its present troubles, U.S.
cotton at the right price has a tremendous
opportunity to recapture and expand its
markets. It was U.S. research that doubled
the cotton yield per acre In 30 years, and-that
opened vast new markets by developing cot-
ton textiles that resist wrinkling, scorching,
and mildew. Still greater discoveries may lie
just ahead, but only if price supports, re-
duced gradually over several seasons, are
used as a temporary bridge to carry the en-
tire industry to solid economic ground, and
no longer as a barrier to change.
The people of the United States, in the
hope of promoting prosperity and peace, have
assumed enormous burdens, both economic
and military, around the globe. Our com-
mitments have been based on confidence in
the Nation's unprecedented economic
strength. To allow that strength to be un-
dermined by carelessness or lack of fore-
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RbP65B00383R000200240048-4
A3718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
When I hear about the concern of passing
debts on to the next generation, my reaction
Is that the worst possible debt we could pass
on the next generation is a boy or girl who
is untrained and who is going to cost the
next generation a $1,000 or more a year.
That is the debt we can't pass on. The
thing that we can't get across, apparently,
is that a good many of the things we do as a
Government are the kind of things compa-
nies do as companies; they invest in the
future. And the investment cost should
not be charged against our present concept
of expenditures.
If we could get across the idea that when
we train a person, put $1,000 into the edu-
cation of a person, it is an investment for
the future. When we build a park, when we
build a highway, when we build a school,
when we build a hospital, those things are
investments for the future, and shouldn't
be charged against the present. It's not
just a matter of deficit spending, We a
drawing of the distinction between Immedi-
ate out-of-pocket costs and the investment
thing. I agree, in principle, with what is
suggested. I think it would be better if it
were put In terms which got away from the
idea of deficit spending. That's an
oversimplification.
Mr. SMITH. We asked Secretary Wirtz, will
we get full employment back.
Secretary , WIRTZ. That's a question the
American public will have to answer. My
answer to it is that we can get it down
there. It takes the decision to do the things
we want to do. But I'm talking, not-I'm
talking hard business sense. If we do set out
to do these things, if we develop a tax pro-
gram, a manpowetti program and do these
things we want to do, I think it can be moved
down past the 4 percent, 3 percent, toward
the 2 percent which is probably the ultimate
limit because there are always people mov-
ing from one job to another and there are al-
ways a few who can't be employed. I think
it is a practical target to shoot for 8 percent
and a 2 percent.
Mr. SMITH. Some friendly , advice from
British politician Callaghan.
Mr. CALLAGHAN. I think yours is a tough
problem. I think you have got to educate.
Could I make one general plea: that we
shouldn't, any of us, allow ourselves to be-
come the prisoners of words and of old-
fashioned ideas no matter what they are.
The real test is how are we going to make
human beings live and fulfill all their values
and all of the qualities of which they are
capable? And we ought, if we find our Ideas
are destroying human beings and their.,
right -to survive, then we ought to be willing
to put those ideas on one side.
Mr. SMITH. We have nothing to add that
will improve on that. Good night.
Bokaro Steel Decision ?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. FRANCES P. BOLTON
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr.
Speaker, under leave to extend my re-
marks in the RECORD, I include the fol-
lowing editorial from the Cleveland
Plain Dealer of June 1, 1963;
The stage is being set for a clash between
President Kennedy and Congress over the
biggest foreign aid project we have ever un-
dertaken. It is a proposal that the United
States should spend $891 million of the tax-
payers' money to finance the construction of
a government-owned steel mill at Bokaro,
India, 150 miles northwest of Calcutta.
President Kennedy is on record as favoring'
the project. At his May 8 press conference
he noted that India needs steel and added:
"I would think we could assist if it meets
what the economy of India requires, I think
we ought to do it."
There is opposition to the project in Con-
gress, in part because of district of Prime
Minister Nehru's neutralist policies, his seiz-
ure of, Portuguese Goa by force and his re-
fusal to agree to a plebiscite to determine the
future of Kashmir,
The opposition has been reinforced by the
report of the foreign aid investigating com-
mittee headed by Gen. Lucius Clay. That
committee said the United States "should
not aid a foreign government in projects
establishing government owned industrial
and commercial enterprises which compete
with priv,te endeavors." The committee
reasoned that the way to get development is
to keep government out, that otherwise the
fear of political pressures and price and tax
restrictions would discourage investment by
private enterprise.
India already has five steel mills, three
owned by the government and two privately
owned. The three government-owned plants
were built with foreign aid help, one by West
Germany, one by Soviet Russia and one. by
Britain. But all five do not produce enough
steel to meet India's needs.
For several years Congress has been spoil-
ing for a fight over foreign aid. The Bokaro
project could touch it off In the form of an
amendment to the foreign.aid bill specifically
barring the Bokaro proposal, or prohibiting
aid for government enterprises which com-
pete with privately owned business.
U.N. Secretary Peddles Communist View
to American Students
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr, Speaker, for those
apologists for the pro-Communist official
statements of the U.N., I refer them to
the following editorial appraisal of a
commencement address by the Secretary
General, U Thant, to the graduating
class of Mount Holyoke College. How
far will the American people permit an
organization based on our soil, largely'
financed by our taxpayers to go on giving
lipservice to the cause of our enemies?
U THANT AGAIN
The Secretary General of the United Na-
tions, U Thant, used the occasion of a com-
mencement address at Mount Holyoke Col-
lege to unload another of his patented
apologies for communism. To hear him tell
it, communism is a friendly and Innocent
system, content to live and let live, and the
world environment is poisoned by unjust
suspicions of its aims.
Mr. Thant did not have the effrontery to
name the principal culprit as the United
States, but that was most certainly the
thought in his mind. It was, he said, a.
"psychological or emotional frame of mind"'
that produces wars.
"This state of mind, fed daily by mass
media propagating sensationalism and sus-
picion," he said, "develops into a condition
June 10
bordering on obsession, which renders peace-
ful settlement of disputes difficult if not
impossible."
As Mr. Thant derives his large tax-free in-
come by residing among us, it may be taken
that this is his characterization of American
media. It is not within his mental com-
pass that all media in Communist countries
are harnessed to the propaganda purposes
of the state and give vent to a constant
stream of vilification against those standing
in the way of a Communist takeover.
Nor are the rocket rattling speeches of
Khrushchev'or the usual threatening ora-
tions of Red military leaders on such occa-
sions as May day exactly in harmony with
the Thant thesis that hostility and hatred
are preached only In the West.
"History," said the Secretary General, "is
full of examples of religious intolerance, but
the ideological fanaticism that we see today
seems to me sometimes to be even more im-
placable, and certainly more deadly and
dangerous to the human race, than the re-
ligious fanaticism which marked the history
of past centuries."
This might be taken as an adequate
characterization of communism, but if .you
think that Thant meant it to be so, you will
be obliged to guess again. For the Secre-
tary General's remarks must be read hi the
context of an incredible speech which he
delivered December 2, 1982, at John Hopkins
University.
In that appearance he 'described the
amelioration of communism from Stalin to
Khrushchev, describing Khrushchev as com-
mitted to the thesis "not of the inevitability
of war, but of the imperative of competitive
coexistence." Thant embelished this apprais-
al with the suggestion that we settle such
contrived controversies as, that relating to
Berlin by a process of give and take with
the Communists. -
As Prof. Hans J. Morgenthau of the Uni-
versity of Chicago has remarked, "How do
you bargain with a nation which believes in
the universal triumph of communism and
regards itself as charged with the mission
of bringing about your doom? What can
you give a nation by way of compromise if
that nation is bent on taking all?"
At Mount Holyoke, Thant wound up with
the vision of a neutralist world governed by
a world authority developing through the
U.N. out of the needs of its largest and most
powerful constituent members. -This is
fantasy, for how can the United States and.
the Soviet Union ever make common cause
when their spirit and motives are irrecon-
cilable?
NSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 5, 1963
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, for many
months now, the world has been awak-
ened to the tremendous degree of com-
munist subversives who, trained in Cuba,
are spreading destruction throughout
this hemisphere. The most recent na-
tion to feel the sting of Castro's maraud-
ers is Canada-a nation that continues
to do business with Communist Cuba.
The recent bombings in Quebec, the
subject of an excellent Miami Herald
editorial of June 4, 1963, and which I
insert in the RECORD following my brief
remarks, should further awaken nations
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Mr. SMrrn. Now, why is It that we did so
well from the war up to 1957 and relatively
much less since 1957?
Secretary Wrx2z. Well, when you say so
well that the economy is moving along right
now at a good rate in terms of gross na-
tional product and so on and so forth. But
something that people forget Is that the
impact of automation on the economy came
during those fifties, when the work force
growth was low because of the war and the
postponed effect from it. Now we are get-
ting the confluence of both automation and
the increase in the economy, so even though
the economy as a whole is doing well in
terms of full employment, we are not doing
well.
Mr. Satrru. How many jobs do we have to
create each year?
Secretary Wrarz. We have to create for the
next 4 or 5 years a million and a half new
jobs each year to take care of new people
coming Into the work force. It's growing
that fast. In addition to that, we have to
create jobs to replace every job which a
machine takes away. Now, that's a hard
figure to arrive at, but it's running right now
between 25,000 and 30,000 a week. And In
addition to that, We have got to create
jobs which will bring our present unemploy-
ment down from-oh, about 51/= percent to
the figure 4, 3, 2, hopefully. The combina-
tion to these means the answer to your ques-
tion. Something in the neighborhood of 2
million jobs a year for the next 4 or 5 years,
It's a big order.
Mr. SacrrH. Now you have been quoted as
saying that even though we don't have
enough jobs to go around, the amount of
work to be done in this Nation Is tremendous
and that we could use all the people we have
if we would use them sensibly. What about
that?
Secretary Wrarz. If we would set out to do
the things we want to do in this country-
some things In the private sector: pulling
up the low Incomes to the level they ought
to be; some things In the public schools we
ought to meet; the hospitals; get rid of the
slums; we could have a manpower shortage
In this country very easily, If we set out to
do the things we can do, want to do, and a
good many of them we will do. That's where
the answer will come.
Mr. SMITH. The problem of getting enough
purchasing power to the people to stimulate
Industry to employ more people Is crucial.
In America In the depression thirties. unem-
ployment remained high because with all the
Government spending, not enough was spent.
In America after World War II the situa-
tion was the opposite. War put a stored
up purchasing power equal to a hundred and
fifty billion dollars in Americans' pockets,
and they spent it. Also, rising expenditures
of the Marshall plan and the cold war In-
jected more purchasing power. The result
was a period of full employment.
The year 1957 Is the year the postwar
boom Is considered to have ended. Surplus
purchasing power was used up. Defense
spending continued to rise but It went no
longer into industries turning out masses of
weapons and employing millions of workers;
it went into new weapons requiring fewer
high-paid workers. Also, to reduce rising
labor costs, Industries automated at a
furious rate, reducing the need for man-
power. And now the postwar baby crop is
coming of age, demanding more jobs faster.
To illustrate the problem: this is a
schematic oversimplified design of how the
economy works:
One, the consumer buys goods;
Two, the store then orders more goods
from the factory; and
Three, the factory Invests In increasing its
plant In order to make more goods this em-
ploys more workers and puts money Into
hands of consumers.
But now, the now plant Is automated and
employs fewer people, distributing less
money. Flow of dollars, once swift, from
consumer to Store, now slows down too.
The store orders less from the factory.
The plant cute down on Its production,
causing unemployment.
The debate about what we should do In-
volves dissension about where we should
restimulate the flow. Robert Rclibroner
thinks the flow should be stimulated at the
investment point:
Mr. Hxn,aaosxs. Today if you had to put
yaur finger on the buyer In the economy
who is not so much the consumer, it is busi-
ness. Business buys for capital expansion.
Business is buying new plants, new build-
ings, new machinery. That's the sector
which Is, in a sense buoyant enough, but
disappointing. It could be higher.
Mr. BtrrLxa. The problem In our economy
for 8 or 7 years has not been a lag in Gov-
ernment spending. Government spending
has been going up 6 percent for a year on
the average. The lag has been to business
Investment In new plants and equipment.
The investment that provides new and better
machinery and thus supports the creation of
new jobs. Such Investment If not increased
in this 7-year period has been steady. Our
problem is to provide the incentives, the
encouragement to Increase investment in
new plants and equipment and thus achieve
real and lasting prosperity.
Mr. SMITH. Economist Leon Keyserling
disagrees. He thinks the stimulus should
be aimed directly Into the pockets of con-
sumers.
Mr. Ks-vsrsLTNG. The reason business Isn't
Investing still more is that they do not fore-
see enough more demand for their products
to Invest even more rapidly than they are in
the building of plants and equipment.
Therefore, the whole concentration of
stimulatory policy, In my view, should be on
the expansion of consumption, demand for
other products. That takes two forms:
consumption among 180-odd million Amert-
can people, privately, and consumption by
Government-public spending-of the
things that a nation needs and can't get
privately.
Senator DOUGLAS. I would say that the
remedy is to raise purchasing power to the
level of prices. This does mean an increase
in the national debt, because It Would be
effected either by cutting taxes without com-
mensurately cutting expenditures or chok-
ing off private demand through curtailing
credit, or by a public works program. In
either care what you do is put an injection
of monetary purchasing power into the
economy to build up total demand.
Mr. SurrH. The President's plan in aimed
to please both those who want him to stimu-
late investors, and those who want him to
stimulate the consumers. His plan is a tax
cut and a tax reform that will give both In-
vestors and consumers more money to spend.
Like many plans aimed to please everybody,
it may please none.
We asked the investor's man, William But-
ler, if the President's plan will solve our
problems:
Mr. BuTLSa. No; I do not believe it will. It
seems to me that the President's tax pro-
gram is spread out over too long a period-
3 years or longer in the case of the oorporate
tax-and this dilutes Its Impact so that it will
not do the necessary job.
Mr. SMrtrr. Keyserling, who prefers to stim-
ulate the consumer:
Mr. Ka'rsxRLING. I don't think the tax pro-
gram Itself will do very much to help this
problem. First, because it is too small. Soc-
end, because I think it Isn't distributed in a
way that will maximize its effectiveness. And
third, because I think many other things
besides taxation are even more important
than tax reduction to deal with this unem-
ployment problem,
A3717
Mr. Saerrir. We have never hesitated taking
stands on this program and won't hesitate
now. I think Mr. Keyserling Is right. The
economy is sluggish and doesn't provide
enough employment for people because about
one-fifth of Americans live In poverty and
haven't enough purchasing power to give the
economy the stimulation It needs. The logi-
cal thing todo would be not to have a feeble
tax cut to benefit well-off people who don't
need It. The logical thing would be more
Government spending to get money to the
bottom one-fifth of Americans, spending on
their sadly neglected education, on replac-
ing their slums with decent neighborhoods,
and so on.
However, even the President's rather weak
tax out is getting nowhere In Congress. What
is it that Impedes action to cure what the
President has called our No. 1 domestic prob-
lem-unemployment?
The tendency of unemployment to rise
amid our great wealth can only be halted and
reversed by vigorous action, especially by
Government spending which will no doubt
Increase our deficit. There is a deep-rooted
and wrong American prejudice against Gov-
ernment spending and deficits. Almost every
modern American President has deferred to
that prejudice with calamitous results.
In the 'early thirties, President Hoover
thought that restricted Government spend-
ing would bring prosperity just around the
corner. In fact, It deepened depression.
It is easy to forget that Franklin D. Roose-
velt's winning campaign in 1932 Was that
he would balance the budget and restrict
Government expenditure. He became fa-
mous for doing the opposite, but not enough
to end the depression.
In the 1952 campaign, Eisenhower promised
one thing-to balance the budget. In office
he failed to do that 5 years out of 8, and
created the biggest peacetime deficit in our
history, but In trying to obey the myth
presided over a series of recessions.
Kennedy's key campaign promise was to
get the economy moving. He has not nota-
bly succeeded, and that Is greatly-due to not
facing the need for much more Government
expenditure.
British Politician James Callaghan offers
an apt comment on deficit spending.
Mr. CALLAGHAN. We show a deficit you
know. But by altering the way which we
made up our accounts we could show a profit
If we wanted to. And we do confuse, I
think, capital items with revenue items.
Where's the profit when you put in a sewage
scheme or when you build aschool? There
isn't any but It shows a deficit. And yet
these are capital items which are going to
yield a return, although not a direct financial
return.
We are altering our system of accounts in
Britain because we want to make this more
clear. We've been held up to the world as
running very heavy deficits. By altering the
accounts we needn't alter our policy. We
will just look better. This is absurd you
know, really, and I do think we've got to be
very careful not to become the prisoners of
words on this question of deficit financing.
Mr. SMITH. Secretary of Labor Willard
Wirtz.
Secretary Wlarz. I think in connection
with these programs we propose the Man-
power Development Training Program, a bet-
ter education program, a youth employment
act, that kind of thing, we are told that the
cost is such that we can't afford it. I wish
I could someway get across the idea that it
would cost us today-does cost today-just
in round figures about a thousand dollars to
retrain a man, to salvage a boy or girl who
would otherwise go into the slag heap, about
a thousand dollars. That boy or girl will
represent a cost to this economy of this
country of about a thousand dollars a year
If we don't train him or her.
The economics someway get out of joint.
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 Approved Fort-R4t"fk/1?3pP-.65pP$M200240048-4 A3719
dealing with Castro to the insanity of
their position. Trading opens the door
to subversives.' It makes their dirty
work child's play.
Any nation doubting Castro's aims in
this hemisphere should examine closely
the- Canadian . episode. It offers the
clearest proof possible that when trading
with Castro, the bonus is subversion and
sabotage.
The Miami Herald editorial herein
referred to follows:
A CUBAN EXPORT-TO CANADA
One sentence stands out in a dispatch
from Montreal reporting that police arrested
eight suspects in the recent wave of bomb-
ings in Quebec:
They said the leader was trained in Cuba."
A later account called him "a 33-year-old
Belgian trained in terror tactics in Commu-
nist Cuba."
The others were said to be mostly between
19 and 22 years old. One was described as a
mechanic who fabricated the bombs.
In making the arrests, police confiscated
50 sticks of dynamite, detonator caps,. fuses,
timing devices, and wires.
These details are meaningful. So is the
gang's method of operating, even to its name,
the Quebec Liberation Front (FLQ). The
stated purpose of the FLQ was to force the
secession of French-speaking Quebec from
the other Canadian provinces.
The announced aim played on the long-
standing desire of French Canadians for a
larger voice in their nation's affairs. Any
other grievance would have served as well.
But the real aim of such terrorists always is
the same-to foment hatred, strife, and dis-
orders.
The FLQ boasted of its crimes. One of its
bomb victims was a 65-year-old night watch-
man. Another was an army sergeant barely
alive after losing his left hand and suffering
severe brain damage while trying to defuse a
bomb planted in a residential mailbox.
The gang also claimed credit for blowing
up a section of railway track in the path of
Canada's Prime Minister, and for a -$36,000
army payroll robbery in which a soldier was
shot six times by a masked bandit carrying a
submachinegun.
If all this sounds familiar, it is. The
liberators of Quebec were following the
same pattern as their counterparts in Ven-
ezuela and elsewhere in Latin America. The
difference is that good police work in Canada,
by peace officers and soldiers; put the
suspects behind bars and "broke the_ back"
of the gang, in the words of a police official.
The formula is the kind that comes
straight from Communist training camps in
occupied Cuba: Send one trained terrorist
anywhere in the Western Hemisphere. Give
him an appropriate arsenal, or money to
acquire it. Let him use any handy local
issue to recruit young hotheads. Launch
the reign of terror.
The sequel in Canada should be as in-
structive as the opening chapters. South of'
the border Americans will ask again: How
long do we tolerate the three "C's" in our
hemispheric alphabet: Castro's Communist
Cuba?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. CHARLES E. GOODELL
OF NEW YORE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, every
Member of the House should have an
opportunity to read James Reston's col-
umn that appeared in the New York
Times for Sunday, June 9, 1963. Mr.
Reston is not a partisan critic of the
President. He speaks of President Ken-
nedy from a sympathetic and knowl-
edgeable base.
I particularly call attention to this
paragraph by Mr. Reston:
The President's appeal, somehow, is to
the mind of the Nation and not to its heart.
He defines the problems of race, unemploy-
ment and education, but doesn't came to
grips with them. He is a tactician but not
a teacher. He plays touch government: he
seems to touch everything and tackle
nothing.
Under unanimous consent I include
the entire column at this point:
TOUCH GOVERNMENT
(By James Reston)
WASHINGTON, June 8--Almost every politi-
cal crisis in the Nation is a time of opportu-
nity as well as danger, and this is particularly
true of the current racial crisis.
The country has been startled by the con-
flict in the streets. It is now paying atten-
tion. The opportunity, therefore, has come
for leadership at every level-National, State,
and local-to break through the barriers of
prejudice and indifference and sweep away
the intolerable injustices to the American
Negro.
Here the leadership of the President is
critical. He cannot do it alone. He needs
the help of the Congress, the Governors, and
the public and private leaders of every com-
munity, North and South. But the job of
creating a working majority of the people
for change, of bringing the feelings of the
fairminded majority of the Nation to bear
on public legislation, is undoubtedly his.
THE LEADERSHIP PROBLEM
There is something wrong with his leader-
ship on the homefront. Something is miss-
ing In his speeches, his press conferences, his
trips, and his timing. He is not communi-
cating his convictions effectively, and it is
important to try to analyze why.
Tlye President's appeal, somehow, is to the
mind of the Nation and not to its heart. He
defines the problems of race, unemployment,
and education, but doesn't come to grips
with them. He is a tactician but not a
teacher. He plays touch -government: He
seems to touch everything and tackle noth-
ing.
There is something too cool about it all.
He gives the country statistics about the
Negro-17 percent Negro unemployed in Chi-
cago and only 5 percent white, etc.-but he
doesn't convey the humiliation or the ache
in the heart..
This is a just and decent country. It may
be confused about taxes and missiles, trade
and budgets, Federal and local power, but
on human questions like the right of a Negro
to buy a sandwich at a drugstore counter
or a spend a night without embarrassment
at a hotel, the vast majority Is obviously for
equality.
President Kennedy has never seemed to be-
lieve much in appealing to the spirit of the
whole Nation. He thinks in blocs. He con-
centrates on institutions, on the leaders of
associations, and on the representatives of
the people rather than on the people them-
selves,
He is, in short, political rather than philo-
sophical, more given to manipulation. than
education. But the fact remains that ma-
nipulation has not succeeded. The people
like him but do not quite believe in him
enough to support him openly. The Con-
gress admires his political skill but does not
follow his policies.
DIFFUSING THE IMPACT
His trip into the west this weekend illus-
trates the "point. ' The main thing on his
mind when' he left here was the racial crisis,
in which he needs the support of the ma-
jority. of the people and of the Republican
Party. But he did not speak in a single fo-
rum where he could be heard by the whole
Nation, and he did not concentrate on the
race issue, but mixed it up with military
policy and a Democratic fundraising politi-
cal rally in Los Angeles.
The result of this is not to inspire disin-
terested concentration on the central race
question, or direct the attention of the whole
Nation to the race problem, but to disperse
an enormous amount of personal energy over
local audiences and different subjects, in-
cluding the raising of funds to defeat Repub-
licans whose support he desperately needs
in Congress if he is to get any civil rights
legislation at all.
The surprising thing about this is that the
President knows how to concentrate on a
single subject and focus the attention of
the whole Nation on it. He has done so in
the past on the Berlin crisis and the Cuban
crisis. The national television audience is
available to him almost any time he requests
it. He can present his civil rights program
to a joint session of Congress, and again
arrest the attention of the whole Nation. All
will listen if he carries his civil rights battle
into the South or the racial jungles of north-
ern cities. But he has done .none of these
things.
Something, then, is obviously wrong. When
the Chinese write the word "crisis," they do
so in two characters, one of which means
"danger and the other "opportunity." But
the opportunity in the present racial danger
Is not being exploited and part of the rea-
son is that the leadership is well meaning,
but ineffective.
Reviewing Foreign Aid
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, very
soon the House will consider the foreign
aid, authorization bill, subject at this
time to recent review by the Clay Com-
mittee.
The Philadelphia Bulletin on June 5,
editorially commented on the need for
review of foreign aid. I insert this timely
editorial into the RECORD at this time:
REVIEWING FOREIGN AID
Sixteen years ago today, on June 5, 1947,
General Marshall, then Secretary of State,
delivered the commencement address at Har-
vard. It must have been the most influen-
tial.speech ever given at a graduation exer-
cise, for in it he launched the idea of foreign
aid.
The war was over, and war measures like
lend-lease had ended with the coming of
peace. What Marshall now proposed was
something new. Let the nations of "Europe,
laid waste by the conflict, agree on a Eu-
ropean recovery program, and the United
States would be prepared to finance it. The
offer extended to the Communist nations
(who quickly spurned it) and to former
enemies like Germany and Italy, as well as to
faithful allies.
Now, after 16 years, Europe no longer needs
assistance, except for our participation in
NATO, a strictly defense operation. But, In
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 A3720 Approved Ff I*M]Bff6/ &6 DPJ gMJR000200240048-4 J `e 10
the meanwhile, the Idea of foreign aid has
been extended to cover (1) nations directly
threatened by Communist aggression; (2)
nations ostensibly undecided between East
and West, who get help In the hope that it
will keep them out of Moscow's orbit; (3)
new nations struggling to get on their feet;
(4) underdeveloped nations all over the
world.
Congress is now reviewing foreign aid, and
many close observers have said bluntly that
we must reduce substantially the budget re-
quests of the administration. It Is undeni-
able that serious errors and miscalculations
have marred the program's record. Some
could not be avoided. but others grew out
of theories that have failed to prove them-
selves. For example, 16 years of experimen-
tal foreign aid has not shown that a Tito.
a Gomulka. or any other Communist can
be converted by making his path smooth for
oppression.
Nor can we congratulate ourselves on the
career of a hostile neutralist like Sukarno.
Perhaps the effort to win him over was
worth a try. But now that the money is
running out in this country, and we are
faced with the necessity of establishing pri-
orities. If something must go, experiments
which have failed should be among the first
programs to be terminated.
Another field under scrutiny is the ad-
visability of financing adventures in public
ownership, like a steel mill for India, just
to show our good will.
There are critical areas in the world-
one right at our doorstep, in the Caribbean-
which can use foreign aid money expended
in our own self-interest. There are others
where actual fighting isgoing on. and where
our interests are vitally engaged. After they
have been taken care of, allocations for other
purposes should be examined with cool ob-
jectivity. The fact is, that our continued
loss of gold and hard foreign exchange has
created an emergency which cannot be. sepa-
rated from the outgo of foreign aid money
and goods from this country. The United
States can no longer afford the pleasant role
of rich uncle to all the world.
Education Dragging
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, on June 5.
Commissioner of Education Francis
Keppel delivered one of the finest state-
ments on the problems of American edu-
cation that I have ever seen. Delivering
the commencement address at my alma
mater, Boston University, Commissioner
Keppel pointed out the need for constant
attention to the improvement of the
quality of our teachers and our educa-
tional product, as well as the quality of
our classrooms and instructors. The sig-
nificance of the search for quality and
excellence can never be overemphasized.
Under unanimous consent I insert In
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the article by
John Chaffee, Jr., which appeared in the
Boston Herald on June 6 discussing
Commissioner Keppel's address:
"EDUCATION DRAGGING," WARNS KEPPEL: 2,482
AWARDED BOSTON UNtvEasrrY DEGREES
(By John Chaffee, Jr.)
The Nation lacks a much-needed sense of
urgency regarding the adequacy and quality
of Its schooling, U.S. Education Commis-
sioner Francis Keppei said yesterday at Boa-
ton University's first outdoor commencement.
Only B months after assuming the task
of directing the Nation's education effort,
Keppel said he has found in Washington only
vague agreement that something ought to
be done about improving the quality of
schooling In America.
wArrED TOO LONG
Federal aid to education must be raised
from a "desirable domestic goal to a deadly
serious necessity," the former dean of the
Harvard Graduate School of Education told a
crowd of nearly 20,000 at Boston University
field.
"A basic question is not whether our
schools and colleges are better than those of
the past-they are---but whether they are
good enough for the future-they are not,"
Keppel said.
"Knowledge and technology-are moving so
rapidly that only progressively faster and
better learning can succeed in keeping Indi-
viduals a Jump ahead of Ignorance," Kep-
pel warned.
"Much of what was true yesterday is al-
ready obsolete or old fashioned today; and
much that seems important today must be
reevaluated tomorrow."
The commissioner then told 2,482 degree
candidates that they were already partly
obsolete.
"We have waited too long," he Insisted.
"We are face to face with a problem that
must be solved at once or our national fu-
ture will be In Jeopardy.
"We cannot be satisfied with yesterday's
brand of education for tomorrow's world."
LARGEST IN TWELVE YEARS
Keppel was one of 10 honorary degree re-
cipients at exercises for Boaton University's
larger:t graduating class In 12 years.
Director Sargent Shriver and the Peace
Corps
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD P. BOLAND
07 MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 10, 1963
Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, many
words of praise have been heaped upon
the Peace Corps since its inception 2V2
years ago. They have come from world
leaders and some of the original critics
of the Peace Corps within this country.
In every instance of praise, bouquets
are also tossed to Peace Corps Director
Sargent Shriver for his faith, vigor, and
persistence in organizing what many said
could not be organized, training the
young people who did want to serve
humanity selflessly, and winning world-
wide acclaim for the United States and
the idealism of Americans.
Mr. Speaker, I think that my col-
leagues will be Interested in a recent
article by the noted columnist, Holmes
Alexander, printed in the Boston Herald
on May 29, 1903, concerning the Peace
Corps and Director Shriver.
The article follows:
WHAT HAPPENS NsxT?-Is PEACE CORPS
MERELY SHRIVER?
(By Holmes Alexander)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-It's fair to say for Sar-
gent Shriver, Director of the Peace Corps,
that he now carries the undeserved handicap of being a Kennedy in-law.
Any other Frontiersman who had proved
his administrative ability as Shriver has in
a minor post would have been promoted long
before now. But the Cabinet is closed to
him because a Kennedy is already there.
The governorship of Illinois is presently
blocked by local political complications.
Shriver seems likely to keep his present
post until after next years' elections.
Meanwhile. Imitation being the sincerest
form of flattery, Shriver is being interna-
tionally complimented In a manner that no
administration figure can boast. Eight na-
tions are in the process, or on the verge, of
forming volunteer oversea agencies on the
American Peace Corps model. West Ger-
many has appropriated $1.4 million for the
purpose, and is expected to hold some sort
of Inaugural ceremony when President Ken-
nedy, accompanied by Shriver, visits there
next month. Denmark, the Netherlands,
Norway, and New Zealand have made starts.
Italy, Switzerland, and Belgium are discus-
ing ways and means with Shriver. Hondu-
ras. El Salvador, and Jamaica are instituting
domestic versions of the Corps. Argentina
plans to send Spanish teachers to the United
States in a gesture of reciprocity.
Shriver has showed rare signs of adminis-
trative talent. He recovered from a very
rocky start when the Corps got some bad
publicity at the outset. Although his outfit
is growing faster than Congress and other
critics would like (he is aiming for an en-
listment of 13,000 by September 1964),
Shriver has done the truly remarkable thing
of cutting the administrative spending
ratio. He began by spending 33 cents to
the dollar on headquarters money, and now
has It down to 19 cents. It costs $7,000 to
keep a volunteer corpsman In the field and
only $2,000 to keep an administrator behind
him. By bureaucratic standards, these are
economical operations.
But Shriver may have outgrown his job.
He also may have made things very tough
for his successor. Now that the novelty
of the Peace Corps has worn off, it bears
the burden of proving its worth. The first
year's appropriation was $30 million, the
second was $59 million, the present year's
asking price Is $108 million. Congress has
already refused to underwrite $150,000,
which Shriver asked to pay the first-year
expenses of founding an International sec-
retariat. The danger of overevangelism,
which always besets do-gooder organiza-
tions, is beginning to show. The next
Peace Corps Director will have to trim ship.
That will be the time, with Shriver gone
and his fledgling out of the nest, to ask
If this Idealistic effort is worth pursuing.
The test, I think, will not come on the
elevated but unprovable thesis that the
Peace Corps is, in William James' famous
concept, a "moral equivalent of war." This
kind of down-to-earth, secular missionary
work does not remove the international
causes of conflict for the plain reason that
people do not make war. Their politicians
do that for them. The causes of war are
so complex that not even the greatest his-
torians have ever devised a credible ex-
planation for mankind's organizational
pugnacity.
But the Peace Corps Idea will prove its
worth, if at all, on a much lower scale. It
has already demonstrated the usefulness of
what is known in Shriver shoptalk as
"middle-level manpower." The scientist
and the economist at the top, and the com-
mon taborer at the bottom, are not the
full answer to community development at
home or abroad.
Something else is needed. Call it the
missing link. And it may be that Peace
Corps Idea of personal Instructorship Is it.
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE
to the attention of our people. But I
have for your consideration today what
I consider one of the most glaring lapses
of good thinking that has crossed my
desk for some time. It concerns an
instance where the Area Redevelopment
Administration has entered- the sugar-
beet growing business in a area of the
country where there is no history to
substantiate the growing of such a crop.
And I gather that if ARA and the De-
partment of Agriculture have their way,
a substantial amount of our new domes-
tic beet quota may go to that area in-
stead of to areas across the country
that already have ideal soil for the
growing of beets.
On March 6 of this year, the Area Re-
development Administration announced
that a $25,000 technical assistance study
had been granted to determine the eco-
nomic and engineering feasibility of
establishing a sugarbeet refinery in
Cayuga County, N.Y. This study was
granted because Cayuga County had
been designated as eligible to participate
in the area redevelopment program due
to substantial and persistent unemploy-
ment.
On March 20, also this year, ARA
tells us that a $93,000 technical assist-
ance study of the feasibility of growing
and processing sugarbeets in Cayuga
County, N.Y., has been approved. That
is a total of $118,000 just to find out
whether or not sugarbeets can be grown
in an area that ARA has admitted is
hilly and rocky. There is even some
doubt as to whether harvesting machin-
ery can function properly.
They are growing sugarbeets on a test
area covering 250 acres of Cayuga Coun-
ty at at this very moment, and a news
release circulated in that area states
that ARA is supplying the contracting
farmers with the necessary seed, is fur-
nishing them with the proper planting
and harvesting machinery, and will end
up by purchasing the crops from them
at prevailing market rates.
The same release informs us that the
Agriculture Department is reserving a
special 50,000-ton sugarbeet allocation
for Cayuga County and that ARA is
scheduled to underwrite some 65 percent
of the cost of the $20 million project.
That release says further that the re-
finery, if finally approved, could not
become fully operational until 1966, but
that the Department of Agriculture in-
tends to ask Congress to amend -last
year's law so that, if the tests prove suc-
cessful, the project can get underway
immediately. -
Apparently Cayuga County would al-
ready have the allocation if it were not
for one little technicality: Nobody knows
yet whether or not the farmers there
can raise sugarbeets on questionable soil.
But ARA seems to be taking care of that
little detail this summer with taxpayer-
financed studies.
The point I want to make is that we
have dozens of areas across the Nation,
with some of, the most suitable soils
known for the raising of sugarbeets, who
have been literally begging for acreage
allotments. These areas, too, such as
in my own native Red River Valley, have
been declared ARA eligible because of
persistent unemployment. The Cayuga
project, then, is just another attempt to
solve a problem in one area while cre-
ating new problems for other areas of
the country. This is an outright attempt
to ignore the known beet growing areas
of the country for an unknown quantity
in the dubious name of area redevelop-
ment.
The great Red River Valley of Min-
nesota and the Dakotas, for instance, are
not asking for ARA-financed studies.
They are not asking for anything except
permission to grow beets on some of the
richest and most productive soil in the
world. But this, Government does not
hear them, because we are so busy
spending public funds on make-work
projects that may never be feasible.
Mr. Speaker, such projects just do not
make economic sense, nor do they alle-
viate the human suffering for which they
are intended. The Federal Government
simply pours thousands of dollars into
areas that then compete directly with
worthwhile, organized local effort else-
where, The sorry part of this mess is
that farmers in known sugarbeet areas
are being hurt because of efforts to solve
problems elsewhere, problems our farm-
ers had no part in creating.
it is time we called a halt to make-
work projects that do nothing except
waste our money in one section of the
country and create new problems else-
where.
SPECIAL ORDER
Mr. BROMWELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that on tomorrow, at
the close of business and following all
other special orders previously granted,
I may be permitted to address the House
for 30 minutes.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Iowa?
Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, I object.
UNITED ST CONCERNED AT
RISE I1ri/r'HIP SAILINGS
i
d
\lM11. lilt 1V -v asked an
was g
ven
permission address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include an article.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I listened
with great interest to the President's
speech before the graduating class of
American University. If that class was
not afraid to meet the challenges of the
sixties before the President's address,
they must be scared to death now; for
the President, reciting the latest New
Frontier line, successfully expounded a
9939
fear of war psychosis which, if past per-
formance is any indication, is intended
to pave the way for further concessions
to the Soviets.
The President stated that the people
of the United States should reexamine
their attitude toward Russia, What does
this mean?
Are the American people, after re-
examining, to decide that atheistic com-
munism is not so bad? That the Soviet
enslavement of millions of people behind
the Iron Curtain is all right? That the
brutality and slaughter of freedom-seek-
ing people in Hungry should be regarded
as a childish prank? That the brick
wall separating families and loved ones
in Berlin, in spite of treaties to the con-
trary, is merely an expression of Soviet
architecture? Are we to overlook every
treaty the Russians have broken which
is, in effect, every treaty they have ever
made?
I think the answers to these questions
are meant to be "yes" if one places any
credibility in the President's almost un-
believable statement that the antognos-
tic, saber-rattling utterances that come
from Russia are not really indicative of
the thinking of Khrushchev and the So-
viets, but of his propagandists.
According to the President, freedom-
loving countries can get along with the
Soviet system of dictatorship and en-
slavement if we. take the time and effort
to increase our understanding of it, if we
improve our communications with them.
This statement of New Frontier for-
eign policy is frightening, and the ped-
dling of the scare of war philosophy by
the Kennedy administration makes fur-
ther concessions to the Russians in order
to get along with them inevitable.
This sounds reminiscent, but in far
more covert terms, of it is better to be
Red than dead. The American people do
not regard these as the only alternatives.
They choose to be alive and free, and
this can only be accomplished with a
strong and determined foreign policy
that is not frightened to death of and
seeking accommodations with an enemy
that has promised to bury us, has prom-
ised that our grandchildren will grow up
under communism.
This basic expression of New Frontier
philospohy is being applied to this hemi-
sphere today, particularly with regard to
Cuba. I have been stating for many
months- that the New Frontier is trying
to work out some compromise, some ac-
commodation looking toward a coexist-
ence with communism in Cuba policy.
Today the President confirmed my sus-
picions by expounding the ADA philoso-
phy in foreign affairs.
Perhaps this explains why so little
concern has been shown over the 50-per-
cent increase in Russian shipping, in-
cluding armaments, to Cuba since the
quarantine, the continuing and now in-
creased shipping by non-Communist
countries to Cuba, Britain, and Canada
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 10
in particular, and the accommodations
between Cuba and even some of the Lat-
in American nations that still recognize
and do business with Cuba.
According to official figures of the
Maritime Administration, during the
first 4 months of this year, 113 known
trips by 92 non-Soviet-bloc ships went to
Cuba through May 31 of this year.
There were 36 trips in April alone, and
16 of these were British. As a matter of
fact, 33 of the 92 trips were British ships,
13 of which were tankers carrying pre-
cious oil for Castro's war machine.
Twenty-three of the ninety-two ships
were under Greek registry.
In addition to the increased shipping
by non-Communist-bloc nations, appar-
ently with no effort to prevent it by the
New Frontier, I am sure, a further
accommodation to Castro and the Krem-
lin was the reported cessation of low-
level surveillance flights over Cuba and
the decreasing numbers of high-level
surveillance flights.
This accommodation philosophy is
further evidenced by the FAA order of
3 weeks ago which permits Cuban com-
mercial planes to overfly the United
States enroute from Canada so long as
they stop for Inspection, This latter
condition, incidentally, gives Castro's
Communist government use of and access
to our airports in the major cities of the
Northeast, including Dulles International
Airport outside of Washington, D.C.
In exchange for this accommodation,
Cuba has apparently agreed not to hijack
or shoot at our commercial planes if
they cross Cuba and this quid pro quo
was accepted by the United States only
last week when the prohibition against
U.S. commercial flights over Cuba was
withdrawn.
Thus, the mood Is to be one of accom-
modation as spelled out by the President
today unless the New Frontier awakens
to the fact that it is not the mood of the
American people. America demands
firm leadership in ridding this hemi-
sphere of Communism in Cuba and else-
where as well.
The only reexamination of our attitude
toward Russia should be one looking to-
ward a firmer position, not toward how
we can give in without losing too much
face to the Communist demands as the
price for coexistence.
All these concessions are supposed to
be made in the name of peace, but the
basic fallacy of this approach is that the
Communists have never kept their agree-
ments. It ignores the proven fact that
the international Communist conspiracy
has as its stated goal-repeated again
and again-to bury Capitalism and the
United States.
To the Communists, conciliation, and
concession are signs of weakness. We
cannot afford to display weakness on any
front or in answer to any challenge
hurled at us by the Communists if our
freedoms are to be preserved.
SHIPPING TO CUBA SHOWS NEW
CAUSE FOR CONCERN
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak-
er, latest U.S. Government reports show
that free world shipping to Cuba is on
the increase-enough increase to cause
real concern.
During the peak period of June to
August 1962, when the Soviets were at-
tempting their crash program military
buildup of Cuba, a total of 164 non-
Communist ships called in Cuban ports.
Since January of this year there have
been 89 non-Communist ships calling in
Cuba; a figure which represents more
than half of last summer's traffic.
What are the Soviets doing in Cuba
to require such shipping? What Is the
reason that free world shipping for this
year totals more than It did during the
month of July 1962, when such traffic
reached its peak? I think these are
questions which weigh heavily in the
minds of those who recall the events
of last October.
I have repeatedly urged that this
Government close Its ports to ships from
allied countries which call in Cuban
ports. To date this Government has
taken only limited action through a
blacklist of such vessels carrying food-
for-peace cargoes. Obviously this sys-
tem has had little effect.
If U.S. Ports were closed, as I have
suggested. this traffic would come to a
screeching halt. No nation would con-
tinue its shipping to Cuba if denied ac-
cess to profitable U.S. cargo runs. Fur-
thermore, such action would discourage
the more than 20 allied tankers which
have delivered Russian oil to Castro
regularly since January, and without
oil Castro's island fortress would come
to a screeching halt.
Why should our allies shoulder part
of the Soviet burden of supplying Cas-
tro? Why should we continue to silently
approve this practice by allowing these
allies access to our ports?
I urge that the United States close its
ports Immediately to those who value
rubles over dollars, and freedom.
THE LATE HONORABLE FRANCIS E.
WALTER
(Mr. McCORMACK (at the request of
Mr. ALBERT) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point In the
RECORD and to include a letter from the
Honorable Froward Beale, Ambassador of
Australia. on the life and service of our
late and distinguished colleague, the
Honorable Francis E. Walter.)
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I in-
clude as part of my remarks the follow-
ing letter from the Honorable Howard
Beale, Ambassador of Australia:
EMBASSY OF AUSTRALIA,
Washington, D.C., June 7, 1963.
The Honorable JonN W. McCORMACX,
U.S. House of Representatives,
Washington., D.C.
Mx DzAa Ma. SYEAHER: On behalf of the
Australian Government, and of myself, I
wish to convey to you and to the House, sin-
cere condolences over the great and sad loss
you have sustained as a result of the death
of Representative Francis E. Walter.
Australia will remember with gratitude
Representative Walter's long and fruitful
association with the Intergovernmental
Committee for European Migration which
made a most valuable contribution to the
solution of the refugee problems following
World War II; and to the large movements
of population from Europe, which have been
of great benefit to Australia's economy and
have materially enhanced the role which
Australia is able to play as a member of the
free world.
- Yours sincerely,
HOWARD BEALE. '
Ambassador.
POPE JOHN XXIII
(Mr. BOLAND (at the request of Mr.
ALBERT) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, Pope
John XXIII Is deeply and sincerely
mourned probably by more people than
man In recorded history. He was ad-
mired and loved equally by the great and
the little people of the world, because he
himself admired and loved, equally, both
the great- and the little people of the
world. Whatever office he might hold,
throughout his career, he never looked
upon himself as magnified by that office,
but used the office as a means of drawing
closer to other people, and of helping
them as much as possible. His greatness
of soul most appeared in his consistent
habit of looking upon himself, most sin-
cerely, as insignificant. Thus belittling
himself, Pope John was ready to devote
his energies to any task, to risk his repu-
tation In any cause, to hazard his health
and his life Itself in the service of other
men.
Out of this greatness came the instinc-
tive rightness of so many sudden, unex-
pected words and actions. To a delega-
tion of Jewish rabbis he said, In the words
of Genesis XLV, 4, "I am Joseph your
brother"; to Mrs. John F. Kennedy, after
he had been carefully briefed in protocol
and In the forms of American etiquette,
upon seeing her, he forgot all his briefing,
opened his arms wide, and called out
"Jacqueline"; to prisoners whom he
visited, he recalled the Imprisonment of
his own relatives; to one who had been
his superior officer in the Italian Army,
he gleefully identified himself as Ser-
geant Roncaili. Each step he took, as
Pope, from his dealings with the Vatican
staff and the people of Rome to his
'major acts such as the appointment of
cardinals and the canonization of saints,
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 1963 Approved porCONGRESSIONAL RECORD 65En8U 000200240048-4 9933
and at the least will certainly do irrep-
arable financial damage to them. As
a great American once said-"Let's look
at the record."
Electrical World, the management
newsletter of the utility industry, on
April 8, 1963, stated :
Last year was the best ever for utility net
incomes. Based on a sampling of 142 com-
panies representing roughly 95 percent of
the total electric revenues from the utility
industry, net incomes showed a 10.02 per-
cent net gain over 1961 as compared with a
5.4 percent gain in 1961 over 1960.
It is interesting to note that the four
major private power companies in the
Bonneville power marketing area all
showed substantial increases in profit.
These four major private power com-
panies in Washington and Oregon
showed a total increase of $4,998,000
over their 1961 profits. This represented
a gain of 12.3 percent as compared with
the 10 percent which the industry
averaged nationally. However, the
Idaho Power Co. showed a decrease of
$812,000 from their 1961 profits or a loss
of 8.4 percent. The following table
shows the 1961 and 1962 incomes of the
private power companies operating in
the BPA area as compared with those
of the Idaho Power Co.:
Major private power companies in BPA area
Pacific Power & Light----------------------------------------
Portland General Electric-------------------------------------
Puget Sound Power & Light----------------------------------
Washington Water Power-------------------------------------
Total---------------------------------------------------
Idaho Power Co----------------------------------------------
I Loss.
These facts easily answer the ques-
tion: Is Bonneville Power destroying pri-
vate power companies? Far from it.
Through healthy competition and mu-
tual cooperation with BPA the four
major private power companies in
Washington and Oregon are thriving
and what is more important they have
achieved this increase in net income
while charging the consumers lower
power rates than those charged by the
Idaho Power Co. A family using a
thousand kilowatt-hours of power would
have paid the company that served them
the following average monthly bill in
1962:
Monthly
Power company: bill
Portland General Electric -------- $10.30
Pacific Power & Light (Yakima) -- 10.63
Pudget Sound Power & Light ------ 10.95
Washington Water Power Co.
(Spokane) --------------------- 12.05
Idaho Power Co------------------ 14.15
While there has been increase in rates
by the four private power companies
serving in the BPA area this year and
the rates will be the same as 1962 under
the rate increase recently granted Idaho
Power Co., their 1963 average rate to a
family using a thousand kilowatt-hours
would be $15.18.
So the private power companies in the
BPA area not only had a 12-percent gain
in profits last year as compared with
Idaho Power Company's decrease of 8.4
percent but they accomplished this while
charging their customers from $2.10 to
$3.85 per family less each month.
I, for one, am hopeful that Bonneville
Power company will have the same effect
on private power companies in Idaho
that it has had on them in Washington
and Oregon-that is higher profits for
the power company and its stockholders
and lower rates for the power users.
However, this is not going to be ac-
complished just by wishing it to be so.
Dollars spent for full-page newspaper
$20, 842,000
9, 025, 000
8, 580, 000
7, 063,000
45, 519, 000
8,856,000
$18,076,000
7, 880,000
7,746,000
6,819,000
40, 621,000
9, 668, 000
$2,766,000
1,145, 000
843, 000
244,000
4,998, 000
1 (812, 000)
ately remembered by many Members of
the Congress as a former manager of the
Congressional Hotel in Washington.
Colonel Morris is now the manager of
the beautiful Carlton Beach Hotel in
Bermuda, an American-operated unit
of Hotel Corp. Of America.
Bing Morris is one of many Americans
whose work takes them to foreign soil.
This fact does not-and as Colonel
Morris points out, should not-deter
them from remembering that they are
Americans, and from observing those
ceremonies that are significant and im-
portant to Americans.
Thus, on Memorial Day this year,
Bermudians-British subjects-were
treated to the stirring sight of a special
icans on that British island. The cere-
mony was conducted jointly with Ber.-
and
muda's own American Legion post
,
Percent
the flag was one that had flown aver the
16.3
14.5
10.9
3.6
Capitol in Washington. I might add,
Mr. Speaker, that the flag for this
memorable observation of an American
holiday on British soil was sent to Bing
12.3 Morris by his long-time friend, the dis-
` (8.4) tinguished gentleman from Kansas [Mr.
advertisement attacking BPA are dollars
that must be collected from the con-
sumers through higher rates. Power
company officials who are spending time
traveling the State speaking against
BPA are depriving their job of giving the
power user the best possible service at
the lowest possible cost of their full at-
tention and talents.
I would urge these power company of-
ficials to put Idaho ahead of the Idaho
Power Co. If they would stop to realize
that what is best for Idaho is also best
for the Idaho Power Co., then they will
take a page from the book of their
counterparts in Washington and Oregon
who are competing and cooperating with,
not attacking BPA. I am convinced
that the inclusion of Southern Idaho in
the BPA marketing area will then, prove
to be not only in the best interest of
Idaho through a faster growing economy
and lower power rates but will also be
in the best interest of the Idaho Power
Co., through higher profits. That -has
been the .record of BPA-private power
company competition and cooperation
in Oregon and Washington.
MEMORIAL DAY
(Mr. O'HARA of Illinois asked and was
given permission to extend his own re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and
that Mr. AVERY and others desiring to do
so may extend their remarks immedi-
ately following.)
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
I am extending my remarks to include a
Memorial Day address delivered by an
American on British soil. It is as elo-
quent as it is brief. In 221 words, chosen
as flowers from a garden, it epitomizes
the spirit of patriotism and the senti-
ment of living remembrance of America's
heroic deed.
The Occasion was Memorial Day in the
British island of Bermuda and the
speaker was Col. Bing Morris, affection-
AVERY].
Bing Morris' Memorial Day address
follows:
My friends, when I was a boy, Memorial Day
was called Decoration Day and it honored
the dead of the War Between the States.
There was always a great parade of prancing
horses, brass bands, and the legendary 76
trombones. In the town square or on the
city hall steps there was the oration by a
local political dignitary, who "generally re-
ferred to the thinning ranks of the boys in
Blue and Gray. There are no longer sur-
vivors of the Blue and Gray days, and Decora-
tion Day is now Memorial Day. For those of
us who are Americans on foreign soil, there
are two reasons that make it imperative that
we recognize this holiday. One reason is that
there is hardly an American anywhere in the
world who did not suffer the loss of a loved
one or a friend in our last wars. The other
reason is that it is not unreasonable to con-
sider that the doctrines of Americanism
proudly reside in our hearts wherever in the
world we may be, and for whatever reasons
take us beyond the borders of the United
States. I thank my fellow Americans, our
visitors from other nations, and our Bermuda
friends for giving us their time and atten-
tion, and above all, my thanks to the Ber-
muda Post of the American Legion for their
kind assistance. -
[Mr. AVERY addressed the House.
His remarks will appear Hereafter in the
RIBUTE TO MARSHALL WISE, FOR-
MER DIRECTOR OF CUBAN REFU-
GEE CENTER
(Mr. FASCELL asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the body of the RECORD.)
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, a dedi-
cated and able public servant, Marshall
Wise, the director of the Cuban Refugee
Emergency Center in Miami, Fla., since
March. 9, 1961, has recently resumed his
previous position as Director of the Mi-
ami Social Security Office.
On March 7, 1961, he was requested to
assume the position of director of the
Cuban Refugee Emergency Center with
the understanding that it would prob-
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 Approved For e 1Mg $/ 3 --qI P65RO
8U ER000200240048-4 June 10
ably be a 60- to 90-day assignment. This
temporary assignment has stretched into
a period of more than 2 years.
As director of the Cuban refugee pro-
gram, he was faced with the difficult task
or organizing a program to handle thou-
sands upon thousands of refugees arriv-
ing daily, in many cases without family
or friends and with little or no knowl-
edge of the English language. He was
called upon to provide them with, among
other things, food, housing, clothing,
medical care, jobs, job retraining, reset-
tlement opportunities, and education for
both the children and the adults.
Never before in the history of our
country have refugees from oppression
arrived upon our shores in such num-
bers, and never before have so many
thousand refugees congregated in one
metropolitan area.
The Greater Miami area, with a popu-
lation of about 1 million, has had to ab-
sorb approximately 200,000 Cuban refu-
gees. No community could withstand the
almost immediate impact of a 15 to 20
percent increase in population without
skillful leadership and Federal assist-
ance. The situation was worsened by
the fact that there already existed in
Dade County, Fla., a serious unemploy-
ment problem-so much so that the U.S.
Department of Labor and the Area Re-
development Administration had long
ago found that there was a sufficient
number of unemployed American citi-
zens to qualify Dade County as a class D
labor surplus market area.
There existed no precedent upon which
one could predicate a sound program.
Therefore, to the newly appointed di-
rector and his small staff fell the entire
burden of establishing a workable refu-
gee program.
The vast majority of the refugees had
to be given a basic course in the English
language. Headquarters had to be se-
cured for the various phases of the op-
eration. Food distribution centers had
to be established. Unaccompanied chil-
dren had to be placed. Children had to
be located in the public and parochial
school systems. Problems of-overcrowd-
ing, language barriers, and educational
cost factors had to be overcome. Medical
centers had to be established; coopera-
tion with immigration and security ac-
tivities had to be set up and maintained;
proper and adequate housing facilities
secured, medical attention for the ill and
aged, and a myriad of other services far
too numerous to enumerate were neces-
sary.
He had to immediately set up an
effective liaison for many agencies of the
Federal Government Including HEW,
Department of Labor, Immigration and
Naturalization, Public Health Service,
the Office of Education, the State De-
partment ,the Justice Department, Cen-
tral Intelligence Agency, and others.
Liaison had to be established with the
Florida Department of Public Welfare,
with the Dade County Public Health De-
partment, and the Dade County Public
School System, local and county govern-
ments and with citizens groups. Close
cooperation had to be maintained with
the University of Miami concerning pro-
fessional refresher courses.
Close cooperation also was necessary
with various chambers of commerce
throughout the Nation, with the various
trade, professional and civic associa-
tions. such as the American Medical As-
sociation. the American Dental Associa-
tion, AFL-CIO. American Bar Associa-
tion, Kiwanis, Rotary, Lions, junior
chamber of commerce, and others.
Close liaison had to be established
with the Catholic Relief Services of the
National Catholic Welfare Conference,
the Church World Services of the Na-
tional Council of Churches, the Hebrew
Immigrants Aid Society, International
Rescue Committee, and the American
Red Cross.
Tribute should be paid to the close
working relationship which Mr. Wise has
established with the Bishop of the
Catholic Diocese of Miami which carried
a principal share of the burden during
the first year of the refugee exodus from
Communist Cuba and still continues to
bear an overly large part of the cost.
Close liaison had to be maintained
with police and juvenile authorities,
though credit should be given to the
Cuban people for their actions have
caused little, if any, problems in this re-
gard. The refugees are worthy of the
highest commendation, and with few
notable exceptions the entire Cuban
refugee group conducted itself peace-
fully and orderly as its members sought
to find their place in a new community.
Many refugee organizations with
varied views and objectives formed. It
is a tribute to Mr. Wise's direction that
he was able to maintain complete har-
mony at all times in his dealings and
associations with these groups.
Through the efforts of Mr. Wise and
his staff in cooperation with the various
volunteer groups, over 60,000 Cuban
refugees have been resettled throughout
the United States. The resettlement
program has received many favorable
endorsements from communities which
have accepted refugee families.
A brief description of how the Cuban
Refugee Center operates and the com-
plex nature of its administration as well
as its broad area of responsibility will
vividly demonstrate the very heavy re-
sponsibility laid on Marshall Wise's
shoulders.
The Cuban Refugee Center, Freedom
Tower, 600 Biscayne Boulevard, Miami,
Fla., is the focal point for Cuban refugee
registration, resettlement and relief ac-
tivities. It also coordinates the Federal
Government's program of aid to Cuban
refugees under a broad directive from
President John F. Kennedy. The Federal
program is supervised by Secretary of
Health. Education, and Welfare, An-
thony J. Celebrezze.
At work in the center are representa-
tives of voluntary agencies experienced
In resettling refugees in homes and jobs
In communities across the United States.
The national organizations they serve
have for many years resettled refugees
who have come to the United States from
many countries. All these organizations
are members of the American Council of
Voluntary Agencies. Represented at the
center are: Catholic Relief Services, Na-
tional Catholic Welfare Conference;
Church World Service, Protestant;
United HIAS Service, Hebrew Immigrant
Aid Society; and International Rescue
Committee, nonsectarian.
The U.S. Employment Service, Depart-
ment of Labor, also represented in the
center, promotes job opportunities for
qualified employable refugees, provides
Identification of the work experience of
refugees, conducts aptitude tests and co-
operates with the resettlement agencies
in finding employment opportunities.
Cuban refugees, after registration at
the center, are interviewed and classi-
fled as to job skills, number of employ-
ables in the family, friends, or relatives
in the United States, and desired volun-
tary agency assistance. The processing
procedure is as follows:
First. Reception and registration.
Second. Interview and classification.
Third. U.S. Employment Service in-
terview for employable persons.
Fourth. Medical examination and X-
ray.
Fifth. Voluntary agency Interview for
relocation and resettlement.
Sixth. Red Cross-for personal ar-
ticles distribution.
Seventh. Florida State Welfare De-
partment-for financial assistance, if
necessary; also child welfare depart-
ment, if necessary.
Eighth. Surplus food distribution.
Each refugee receives a medical exam-
ination following registration and before
being interviewed by representatives of
the resettlement agencies. The U.S.
Public Health Service, working through
the Dade County Public Health Depart-
ment, provides supervision of the dispen-
sary. In addition to a general health
examination, each refugee receives a
chest X-ray and inoculations prescribed
by the attending physician.
Out_)atient care for minor needs is pro-
vided by the dispensary. Treatment of
serious or chronic conditions is available
through an outpatient program. Needs
that cannot be met by the dispensary
are referred to hospitals of their choice,
such as Jackson Memorial, St. Francis,
Mercy, Mount Sinai, and Gesu Medical
Clinic-an arm of Mercy and St. Francis.
A minimal fee is paid by the Center for
each visit. Eligibility is restricted to
those qualifying for cash assistance
grants under the program described on
a later page.
The American Red Cross has dis-
tributed personal kits to newly arrived
refugees since the start of the refugee
program.
Certification slips for used clothing is-
sued by the voluntary agencies are re-
deemable at several church depots in the
Miami area. Supplies of clothing have
been received from New York and other
cities serving as collection centers for
clothing drives. -
Under Federal auspices, broadseale aid
for Cuban refugees in the United States
began late in 1960 when, after a review
of the situation, President Eisenhower
inaugurated a program to deal with the
most urgent needs.
Subsequently, President Kennedy re-
cognized the Cuban refugee problem as
one of national responsibility and beyond
the means and scope of the individual
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 1963 Approved For F~&itL eR 8 /3L: J&BI PD65BWOUSE000200240048-4
9935
States or the combined efforts of volun- Consultations and advisory services to Cuban college and university students
tary agencies. Accordingly, on January voluntary agencies with contractual re- may receive education grants enabling
27, 1961, the President issued a formal sponsibilities. them to resume their studies in the
instruction to the then Secretary of Hospitalization and medical care for United States. Applications to univer-
Health, Education, and Welfare, Abra- the sick. sity registrars are processed through the
ham Ribicoff, saying, in part: The care and protection of unaccom- Office of Education, an agency of the
I want you to make concrete my concern panied children. Department of Health, Education, and
and sympathy for those who have been Distribution of surplus food com- Welfare.
forced from their homes in Cuba and to as- modities to needy refugees. Mr. Speaker, I have hastily sketched
sure them that we shall seek to expedite Emergency welfare services for Ameri- the operations of the Cuban Refugee
,their voluntary return as soon as conditions can nationals repatriated from Cuba. Center. But even this cursory rundown
there facilitate that. Educational loans to needy and de- shows that successful operation under
After a further personal evaluation of serving Cuban students enrolled in Marshall Wise is solid attestation of his
the refugee problem in the Miami area, American colleges and universities. excellent work.
a comprehensive program was 'formu- An adult education program, as well An able administrator, a tireless work-
lated by the HEW Secretary, who as- as an elementary and secondary educa- er, a dedicated public servant, a great
signed the Social Security Commission- tion program for refugee children. humanitarian, are all words descriptive
er to coordinate the efforts of all Federal The retraining of refugee physicians, of Marshall Wise. They bear repeating.
agencies affected by the President's di- attorneys, and other professionals. His efforts have gained recognition
rective. In January 1963 the Cuban The establishment and operation of a throughout not only the United States
rGugee relief program was placed under Cuban refugee research project. and the Western Hemisphere but all of
the newly constituted Welfare Admin- The Florida State Department of Pub- the freedom loving peoples of the world.
istration, Dr. Ellen Winston, Commis- lic Welfare is the principal contract I welcome the opportunity to associate
sioner of Welfare. Director of the Cu- agency for administering immediate re- myself with the remarks of Mr. Wise
ban refugee program, based in Wash- lief to the refugees in the form of finan- which were delivered in his speech to
ington, is John Frederick Thomas. cial assistance, child welfare services, and the Downtown Rotary Club of Miami,
By Presidential authority, $5 million in the distribution of surplus food com- Fla., on May 2, 1963. In it you will find
had been allocated to the support of co- modities. Professional social workers in- the heart, courage, and talent of an out-
operative programs relating to the terview and screen the refugees and standing public officer who deserves
health, education, and welfare of Cuban certify their eligibility to receive monthly credit and recognition for a job. well
refugees in the United States, for the financial assistance checks-a maximum done. Accordingly, I am privileged to
period ending June 30, 1961. These of $100 per family and $60 per single deliver his remarks to you:
funds were part of the MOM Y appro- case-and inhospital care for acute ill- A little over 2 years ago-when I first
priated by Congress to the Mutual Se- ness. Child welfare specialists in the came to this job-people in the community
curity Contingency Fund and they rep- Center look after the welfare and educa- told me'we were sitting on a powder keg
resent the first expenditure of such tion of unaccompanied refugee children. that might blow up any minute. Eighteen
funds within the continental borders of Through an agreement between the months ago, when I last spoke to this group,
the United States. Florida State Department of Public Wel- I was told the same thing. All during the
During the fiscal year ending June 30, fare and the U.S. Department of Agri- last 12 months, and once again during the
1962, the program was carried out with culture, surplus Federal food commodi- l ed rers s and other concer I ned heard
indindi local labor
$38.5 million made available under au- ties are distributed to needy families; the same and yther concerviduals voice
thorities in the Foreign Assistance Act this distribution is in addition to other However, from where I sit, and from what
of 1961. On June 28, 1962, Public Law grants-in-aid. I see, I've never believed these cries, and
87-510-Migration and Refugee Assist- Beside the public and private welfare right here today I want to say to you, as
ance Act of 1962-was enacted which agencies, aid to the refugees Is adminis- members of the leading civic Organization in
provided a legislative base for assistance tered by organizations representing the this community, that we have not been, and
to Cuban and other refugees from na- principal religious faiths of the refugees. we are not now sitting on a powder keg be-
tions of the Western Hemisphere, and Late in 1959 the Catholic diocese of cause of the Cuban refugees living in our
authorized appropriations for such as- Miami opened the Centro Hispano Cat- I am really not here to educate you. I
sistance. Funds appropriated for the olico to serve the needs of refugees ar- bring you information which I hope will en-
fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, amount- riving from Cuba as well as from other able you to educate yourselves, if that is
ed to $70,110,000. Latin American countries. The centro's your desire.
Besides the Federal, State, and local services include medical outpatient care, I am not here to plead the special cause
agencies, support for the refugees has food, and used clothing distribution, and of the Cuban refugee, or to defend those who
come from private firms and individuals home visits for the sick. are defenseless. I bring you facts, not
fiction, ide ide whether hether which I their cause hope will enable
as well as from educational, religious, The Catholic Welfare Bureau of Mi- t
is a a just you one, , e and
d
cultural, and-philanthropic agencies. All ami provides a variety of other services is deserving of your understanding and. ac-
their efforts symbolize the President's to refugees on referral from the Centro tive support..
personal concern and attest to his lead- Hispano Catolico or from the Catholic -^ The moment the Cuban crisis erupted re-
refugees. _ v' .. The Protestant Latin Refugee Center through which thousands of Cubans had
Through agreements with the Depart- was established by the Protestant Latin wh which had fleeing the if In gout more than Planes
nee 00
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, American Emergency Committee to sup- Cubans a month, for 19 months, were or Federal funds are being used to admin- plement the assistance given through the to halt operations. An estimated 360,0e0
Fe a wide variety programs: Federal Program. Cubans--many of whom had already paid
Operation of the Cuban Refugee Cen= Jewish refugees from Cuba receive for their passage and were waiting only for
of . efugee C various forms of assistance from the He- plane space-were locked in by the ban on
ter per the mathteCuba R
brew Immigrant Aid Society, a national emigration.
Resettlement of refugee families in organization. To be cut off from freedom-especially
communities offering employment oppor- Hardship cases are helped at eight when freedom lies only a few tantalizing
Is of
tunities. denominational centers. minmilesions away-today i tma fact s lfe affecting
A transitional grant to resettling ref- parts ofthe globe.
ugees wreceive. public assistance in Refugees with technical skills and pro- The tragedy is heightened when families s are
a their resettle- fessional training receive special con- spl
Miami who it--half in freedom, half behind walls.
Miami at the tf
00 for time a family, e sideration. Lawyers, doctors, and en- many Cuban Families, both inside and out-
ment-$ $60 for an in- gineers are being retrained to fit them side their native land, are suffering the agony
for professional service in the United which Is so widespread in the world today.
Financial assistance to needy families States; most of the retraining work is I'm not going to repeat all the criticisms
in the Miami area and to resettled carried on with Federal aid by the Uni- and
ou complaints about the newspapers, or eard
families in other areas. you've read in our local heard
versity of Miami. from your well-meaning ing and
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4
 9936
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65Bpp~g3R000200240048-4 June 10
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HC)JSE
friends, or, may have actually been said by cannot seem to get our own elected repre-
you, yourselves. Most of those I've read or sentatives to provide the $1 that will
heard, are based on pure fiction and preju- automatically bring us matching funds to
dice-not upon hard, cold, facts. help the needy Americans in our own com-
It has been written and said that Cuban munities,
sageta back on look again. of
refugees are taking jobs away from needy e
Americans, and' lowering the wage rates the plus factors, at some of the good that
in Miami and south Florida. I'm sure that has resulted In the exodus of the Cuban
some of this has taken place, but the hard refugee fleeing from communism, tyranny,
cold facts, available to all of you in the and oppression to asylum, safety, and democ-
reports made by the Florida State Employ- racy I tcontend that he M ami area.
the culture of this area
meat Service, the recent special survey on
unemployment in Dade County conducted has advanced to a point it would have taken
by the U.S. Department of Labor, the First another 10 years to reach without this
Research Corp.. and other professional fact- impact.
finding bodies, proves conclusively that these 2. Miami has been striving for many years
inflamatory statements just can't be proved, to establish its right to the title "Gateway
It has been written and said that the to the Americas," and I can't believe that
influx of Cuban refugees was increasing anyone in North, Central. or South America
the crime rate in our communities, yet the would now attempt to dispute that claim.
official report of the Miami Police Depart- 3. All of the people of Latin and South
ment. released just a few months ago, says America, and Islands of the Caribbean are
that although the crime rate during the past completely aware of the tolerance, hospital-
3 years has increased in Miami-and here I ity, understanding, and welcome that the
quote from the report-"Cubans were not a citizens of the Miami area have extended to
problem In the crimes reported on by the de- the Cuban refugee.
partment." Lt. Tom Lipe, in making the 4. Just think how our schoolteachers,
as far church people, policemen, government
n
iti
"
ze
s
Cubans are good c
report, said, as we are concerned." agencies, sales people, service trades, elvic
..- - . i- -i Tit Rnv of our
influx of Cuban refugees would ruin south
Florida's tourist industry. Yet Industry re-
ports show that 1962 was the best tourist
year we ever experienced, and right now the
tourist industry tells us that 1963 Is going
to be better than 1962.
It has been written and said that the
influx of Cuban refugees would create slums
and depress the real estate market. The
most recent reports from the Miami Housing
Authority, Area Redevelopment officials, the
Mortgage Bankers Association, the Real
Estate Appraisal Association and the Federal
Housing Administration all agree that al-
though there is an overcrowding situation
no slums have been created and the real
estate market, Instead of being depressed,
has been greatly helped by the Influx of ref-
ugees into the area.
It has been written and said that the
refugee influx would ruin our school system
Maybe we should remind them that alihost
everyone in Miami is from somewhere else,
and that America has grown great because
of Its willingness to provide honest oppor-
tunities for immigrants and refugees.
Maybe we should remind them that we
welcome the Cuban refugee because the
bloodstream philosophy of America is in-
scribed on our Statue of Liberty, a statue
which Is known to the rest of the world as;
"The Mother of Exiles."
Maybe we should rededicate ourselves to
these words :
"Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe
free.
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to
me."
PERSONAL ANNOUNCEMENT
Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speak-
er, on the rollcall vote on Thurs-
day on the bill, H.R. 6754, the agricul-
tural appropriation bill, I was unavoid-
ably absent. Had I been present, I would
have voted "yea."
PAN AMERICAN JET ALL-CARGO
CLIPPERS
(Mr. JARMAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have
spent a very interesting hour and a half
this morning at Dulles International
Airport inspecting the new Pan Ameri-
can all-cargo jet clipper. My purpose
in mentioning this matter to Members
of the House is that I consider the pro-
cess of transporting air freight as devel-
oped by Pan American Airlines to be of
significant value to the commercial and
defense interests of this Nation.
Mr. Speaker, should a cold war crisis
erupt somewhere in the world and Amer-
ica's armed might called into action,
men and equipment must be moved at
jet speed across continents and oceans.
At such a time, the Pan American cargo
jet would serve as a frontline reserve
element in the free world's defenses.
For axample, Pan Am's jet freighter
fleet-representing a private investment
of nearly $60 million-would provide
the fastest means of transport for large
volume of military cargo to most of the
world's critical areas in times of emer-
gency. -
Committed to the Civil Reserve Air
Fleet, Pan Am's eight freighters on
routes between Air Force bases in Cali-
fornia and Hawaii could carry nearly
citizens have learned to speak Spanish In
order to deal with, serve, and hoot our Span-
ish-speaking exiles and guests. The progress
we've made in Mis area alone will bring us
cultural, as well as economic rewards, for
all the remaining years of our lives.
5. Our churches and temples have found a
rallying point and popular cause, and have
greatly strengthened their tiesas a result.
8. All our educational and cultural dis-
cussion groups have benefited tremendously
by their association with the Cuban exiles,
and as a result have learned much, in such
a short time, about communism and how It
works.
7. We're becoming world famous for our
"Operation Amigo" project, and the Cuban
refugee provided the bridge of understand-
ing and stimulating spark which advanced
the program.
Let's just look at the positive aspects of a
few highlights you may not have thought
about before:
dren. The facts are available to all of you 1 Our public school system. although
and you can get them by talking to the su- overburdened and badly crowded now, is
perintendent of schools, or any of the other being assisted by -Federal expenditures to
responsible officials of the Dade County accelerate Its rate of growth because of this
school system. You'll learn from them that heavy refugee load. When the refugee im-
there has been, and still 1s heavy overcrowd- pact disappears, as It will in the not too
ing, but that the quality of the Cuban Stu- distant furture, well be just that much
dents and the $9 million of Federal funds further advanced and better able to provide
that has been given to help with the prob- for the future expansion that must come to
lem has really improved, rather than hurt, care for our future normal growth.
the school system. 2. The success of Interama as a permanent
And finally, It has been written and said trade fair is a foregone conclusion, because
that "they are using all our welfare funds to we've proven to all the countries of Latin
kelp the Cubans instead of the needy Amer- America that Miami is a host city to the
leans." The truth Is that no Dade County Spanish-speaking world, without a peer to
or Florida State funds have ever been used be found anywhere.
for this purpose. More than $80 million of a. And last, but by no means least, the
purely Federal funds, contributed in taxes by tremendous expenditure of Federal funds In
all the people of the United States including this area, more than $36 million last year,
you and me, have been used to give these and somewhere in the neighborhood of $70
mi'
s sa
-
d Mi
l
ge
a
stere
has bo
needy refugees asylum, safety and minimum million this year,
subsistence in the greatest democracy the ing economy during a time which could have military supplies, such as rations, hospi-
ression and retrogression tal equipment and medicines, military
f d
ep
been one o
world has ever known. The hard. cold facts, and the- real truth of without such a dollar now. vehicles, and weapon components. Al-
the situation, as stated by competent local Miami, an area whose economic blood- ternately, in all-passenger configura-
officials in recent public hearings 13 that we stream is fed and nourished by tourist via- tions, they could move 43,780 troops per
in Dade County really don't have assistance store, has always been happy to welcome the week on the same routes. In mixed con-
programs that are worthy of the name. "refugee" from the North who is fleeing week o 109 personnel and nearly 30
Although Federal funds have been find are from the cold weather. figurations, now available on a 3-to-i matching basis Up to this time, the great majority of tons of freight could be carried on one
for staff, and equal matching basis for gen- Miamians have also welcomed and tolerated aircraft.
eral assistance-this means that for every the Influx of refugees from Cuba. who are This important ability to transport
dollar we are willing to appropriate and spend basically fleeing from communism and op- quickly men and supplies is due in part
for general assistance the Federal Govern- pression. preloading
system palletized provides a method
ment will give us $3 for staff employ- however, we are Seeing a small minority to system, pan American's
meat and a matching dollar for assist- begin to resent this Influx. We are beginning This
ante payments-notwithstanding the fact to hear them say, "America for Americans," by which cargo is assembled according
that such an offer remains open to us we and. "Miami for Miamians" to destination, loaded, and secured to
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240048-4