WHAT 'PROMISES' WERE TO KHRUSHCHEV ON CUBA?

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240038-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 38
• Publication Date: May 23, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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8680 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
(Mr. SNYDER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, so much
has been said lately about muzzling the
military that I hesitate to use the term.
How, when, and where the military
should speak out is a controversy that I
am certain will not soon be resolved.
Nevertheless, the law seems to be quite
clear that military personnel cannot le-
gally be restrained from communicating
with their respective Congressmen. Pub-
lic Law 51, 82d Congress, states:
No member of the Armed Forces shall be
restricted or prevented from communicating
directly or indirectly with any Member or
Members of Congress concerning any sub-
ject unless such communication is in viola-
tion of law, or' in violation of regulations
necessary to the security and safety of the
United States.
Recently, the gentleman from Califor-
nia [Mr. TALcoTT] and I received nu-
merous complaints from military per-
sonnel at Guantanamo that they were
instructed that they could not commu-
nicate with their Congressmen without
first getting permission from their su-
periors.
The gentleman from California caused
an inquiry to be made at the base and a
sampling of the personnel indicated this
information was incorrect. Perhaps the
fact that each man was required to give
his name, rank, and serial number could
have influenced the outcome.
More recently a constituent of mine
sent me a memorandum signed by 19
physicians-officers of the U.S. Air Force
which reads as follows:
On or about February 8, 1963, the follow-
ing announcement was made before the
physicians at Travis Air Force Base Hospital.
It was stated to be a base order.
1. The expense and time incurred by con-
gressional investigations was becoming quite
excessive. To help alleviate these bother-
some investigations the following steps would
be taken:
(a) The serviceman would first. take his
complaint to his immediate commander. If
the complaint could not be solved to the
serviceman's satisfaction then he could take
the complaint to the Inspector General's
Team. If they could not correct his com-
plaint, then he could write his Congressman.
(b) If a serviceman failed to take the
above steps, then it would be reflected on
his officer effectiveness reports that he was
using political influence.
(c) If a serviceman's wife wrote in his
lieu, then it would be reflected upon his of-
ficer effectiveness reports that he had no
control over his household.
I am told-that this order was also dis-
seminated to the enlisted men In a writ-
ten form for them to initial and the
forms collected. ?
Mr. Speaker, I would hope that this
practice is not becoming prevalent in
our military. This is a form of coercion
which has no place in any society. It is
reducing our military personnel to a
state of indentured, servitude with no
right to petition for a redress of griev-
ances. It is an encroachment upon per-
sonal liberty as guaranteed by our Con-
stitution. With so much power being
it would seem all the more necessary for
citizens to more frequently write their
Congressmen.
CAPT. H. E. BECKMEYER, U.S. NAVY
BUREAU OF SUPPLIES AND AC-
COUNTS, AND CAPT. JOHN A.
SCOTT, OFFICE OF NAVAL MATE-
RIAL
(Mr. WILSON of Indiana asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex-
4tend his remarks.)
Mr. WILSON of Indiana. Mr.
Speaker, credit must be given where
credit is due. Therefore, I want to highly
commend Capt. H. E. Beckmeyer, of the
U.S. Navy Bureau of Supplies and Ac-
counts and Capt. John A. Scott, of the
Office of Naval Material. Last week
these two men were responsible for the
halting of a procurement for which in-
dustry could not secure drawings. Ab-
sence of these drawings would have vir-
tually eliminated 'competition and im-
posed an added burden on the taxpayer.
I am happy to report today that just the
opposite will occur-drawings are going
to be made available and the procure-
ment will be truly competitive.
By far the greatest percentage of Gov-
ernment employees are honest, dedicated
people, and that includes military per-
sonnel. Where such an exhaustive chain
of command is involved, as in the case of
our sprawling Defense Department, even
a few rotten apples in the barrel can con-
taminate most of the rest and, therefore,
make the majority look bad.
In this case, as in many others, a pri-
vate industry notified me that the Navy
Department had up for procurement a
variable resistor that is a part of a com-
puter system known as the AN/ASA 13.
The Navy contended this item was to be
purchased under competitive conditions,
but there was no description of the item
to be bought and no drawings were avail-
able. All the Navy had was a commer-
cial company part number to identify
the equipment. Only that one company
knew the technical aspects of the item to
be bought. In effect, this made the
whole concept of a competitive procure-
ment, in this case, laughable.
Learning of this deplorable and
shameful camouflage, I followed my
usual procedure and demanded drawings
and specifications be furnished so that
real competitive bidding could be brought
about with the usual savings of defense
dollars for the taxpayer.
Captain Scott and Captain Beckmeyer
cooperated 'wholeheartedly with my re-
quest. - Captain Beckmeyer said he
learned there were drawings but they
could not be found. He assured me that
they would be found, and he delayed this
procurement until that time. He actu-
ally went so far as to cancel the procure-
ment, assuring me he will have it re-
issued once the drawings are uncovered.
These specifications will then be fur-
nished to bidders, and we should then
see a truly competitive procurement with
a liberal savings to the taxpayer.
May 23
Mr. Speaker, Captain Beckmeyer and
Captain Scott should receive a com-
mendation from the Secretary of the
Navy for their actions in this procure-
ment. And I might say here today that
I cannot for the life of me see how those
in higher positions of authority fail to
recognize the importance of this type of
administration. I cannot, understand
how they fail to make such actions the
rule instead of the exception.
Mr. Speaker, if I could only receive
this type of cooperation and could get
'a few of the hardheaded, hell-bent-for-
leather, pot-bellied, bureaucratic, self-
styled, conceited administrators to see
the merits of actions such as those of
Captains Beckmeyer and Scott, my job
could be labeled by a geometric expres-
sion, " *.E.D."
WHAT "PROMISES" W
(Mr. CRAMER asked a3 was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute to revise and extend his remarks
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I read
on the UPI press ticker this morning
that in bidding Castro farewell at a mass
rally in Russia, Khrushchev is quoted as
saying:
The.world may face a more difficult crisis
than the Cuba confrontation of last October
unless the United States adheres to its
promises in the Caribbean.
It is clear that if the American Govern-
ment does not follow the promises it has
made to Cuba the world may find itself in
a more dangerous situation than last year.
Mr. Speaker, the time has come for the
President of the United States to tell
the American people what are the
"promises" that were made to Khru-
shchev on Cuba in October and Novem-
ber of last year. It is strange and ironic
that we have to learn about such deals
from Communist Cuba and from
Khrushchev.
Khrushchev further said:
Normalization oil the Caribbean situation
might be reached on the basis of the well-
known five points put forward by Castro.
Incidentally, that Castro five-point de-
mand took place on October 28 of last
year when the blockade was still in effect.
One of these was to stop attacks by the
Cuban freedom fighters. This demand
has been conceded by the New Frontier
to Communist Castro.
Another is the complete evacuation of
the U.S. naval, base at Guantanamo.
All portents indicate pressure is build-
ing up on this demand.
I wonder if one of the others; that is,
resumption of trade, is not partially be-
ing put into effect with a foot-in-the-
door technique by the FAA in connec-
tion with the overflights of Cuban Com-
munist registered planes being permitted
to use U.S. airspace so long as they go
through a certain traffic corridor and
stop for inspection at either Boston, New
York, or Washington, D.C.
I have requested that all flights by
Cuban registered planes or the planes of
other countries going to or coming from
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
All of us have been deeply concerned
about his illness and pray for a speedy
and complete recovery. It has been my
privilege to be associated with Chairman
WALTER during my years In Congress, and
I highly respect him for his skill as a
legislator and his devotion to the public
cause.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, there are
requests from at least a dozen other
Members on both sides of the aisle to
express their views relative to this dis-
tinguished Member of our body, and,
therefore, I ask unanimous consent that
all Members may have 5 legislative days
in which to extend their remarks on the
69th birthday of the gentleman from
Pennsylvania [Mr. WALTER).
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Louisiana?
There was no objection.
LET'S HOLD THE LINE ON TOURISTS'
FARES
(Mr. FRIEDEL (at the request of Mr.
ALBERT) was given permission to address
the House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, congres-
sional committees are properly con-
cerned over current negotiations relative
to an increase in airline fares across the
transatlantic route. It appears that our
two transatlantic carriers-Pan Ameri-
can and TWA-would be faced with the
problem of having aircraft impounded
in many countries-principally Great
Britain-unless they agree to what
amounts to an increase In tourist fares,
as insisted upon by the International Air
Transport Association.
Mr. Speaker, Pan American and TWA
are privately owned by American citi-
zens, Their foreign competitors-to a
large extent-are Government owned.
The wage scales are radically different,
in fact, our U.S.-flag carriers pay sub-
stantially more in wages to their person-
nel than do the foreign lines. Yet, until
this past week, the fares across the North
Atlantic were substantially the same.
It is ironic that the champions of
higher fares are the same carriers that
are heavily invested in by their govern-
ments and which pay much lower wages
for supposedly identical services.
As a matter of fact, the subject of
lowered fares across the Atlantic has
been almost a fixation with Pan Ameri-
can World Airways and its farsighted
Maryland-raised president, Mr. Juan T.
Trippe. As early as 1943, when it was
apparent that postwar air growth would
be stupendous, Mr. Trippe began clam-
oring for some system whereby inter-
national air Iares could be reduced.
Today, an overwhelming amount of
the revenues across the North Atlantic
are engendered by American citizens.
Ironically, again, our two transatlantic
carriers are hauling only about 35 per-
cent of the traffic. Yet, led by Pan
Am, they seek to keep the fares below
the levels advocated by their European
competition.
Mr. Trippe, in his 1982 annual re-
port to his stockholders, had this to say:
If a reasonable reduction in transatlantic
tariffs were acceptable to European air car-
riers and their governments, everybody would
gain. Trade between free world nations will
gain. Tourists and business travel will gain.
Airline employees will gain. Airline owners
will gain, as well as private shareholders in
American and Government owners in
Europe. Many more paying passengers will
1111 empty seats although each will, have paid
less for his transatlantic flight-an objec-
tive long sought by your company.
I think we should support Mr. Trippe
and Pan Am in lowering the fares and
let our international air carriers oper-
ate with more substantial payloads.
PROFITEERING IN SUGAR
(Mr. VANIK asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, the time
has come for the Congress of the United
States through its appropriate com-
mitecs to investigate the skyrocketing
price of sugar within the last 30 days,
the price of sugar has increased 3 cents
a pound to the individual consumer,
The prices give every prospect of con-
tinuing to rise. The hoarders are hard
at work to join the profiteers.
Simple arithmetic will disclose that
with an annual per capita consumption
of sugar totaling 100 pounds each year,
the current 3-cent per pound increase
will cost $3 additional for every man,
woman and child in the country. The
total cost of the sugar price increase
this year to 188 million Americans will
total $664 million-and the cost could
reach $1 billion if the present price spiral
is not halted.
We should endeavor to find out who is
getting the bonanza of lush profits.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COM-
MISSION
(Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama asked
and was given permission to address
the House for 1 minute and to revise
and extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROBERTS of Alabama. Mr.
Speaker, on March 28, 1963, the Federal
Communications Commission issued a
public notice that it planned to consider
limiting the number of commercials that
a station can broadcast in a given
period.
While the Commission indicated it
wishes to take into consideration all
possible alternatives and to consider
whether special provisions --should be
made for stations which, because of
their location in sparsely populated
areas or other factors, might not be
able to observe the limitations contained
In the NAB codes and at the same time
maintain operation in the. public inter-
est, I must confess that I am very dis-
turbed over this proposal.
The adoption of such a proposal by
the FCC, as I view It, Mr. Speaker, is
a very definite form of rate setting
which I believe to be outside and beyond
present regulations.
Should this proposal be permitted to
be placed in effect, it would mean the
establishment of and control of time a
station may devote to commercial broad-
casting and thereby determine station
rates without being in a position to in-
sure that station that its advertisers
will patronze the station at the greatly
advanced rates that would be necessary
to sustain its operation. Further, the
proposal completely Ignores the over-
crowded radio field as it currently exists
and Ignores the economic facts of life.
For example, last year, a so-called
prosperous year, over one-third of the
AM radio stations in the country
operated at a net loss. I. submit, Mr.
Speaker, to limit commercial time would
necessarily cause advancement in rates
and thereby drive advertisers to other
advertising media. I am therefore most
hopeful that the Commission will be
very careful In moving ahead in this
area.
THE WHEAT REFERENDUM
(Mr. HOEVEN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks,)
Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. Speaker, the wheat
farmers of America are to be congratu-
lated on their courage and fortitude in
defeating the wheat referendum. They
have won the fight against the brazen
propaganda campaign of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture which tried desper-
ately hard to influence a favorable vote
In the referendum. Secretary Freeman
used the full power of the Department
and a lot of the taxpayers' money In this
effort to influence the election. Rushing
the feed grain bill through Congress
without amendments made no difference.
Even President Kennedy's personal ap-
peal for a "yes" vote went unheeded.
Statistically, the "yes" vote In the ref-
erendum received only 47.79 percent of
the total vote, not even a majority,
whereas a two-thirds vote was required.
Only five States cast a two-thirds vote
in favor of the referendum. In defeating
the referendum, the wheat farmers
served notice on the Kennedy adminis-
tration that they love freedom more than
a regimented and controlled agricultural
economy.
Our corn and feed grain farmers, dairy
farmers, as well as our livestock pro-
ducers are also to be heartily congratu-
lated. If the wheat referendum had pre-
vailed, It would only have been a ques-
tion of time before they would have
again been confronted with strict con-
trol legistgtion.
The Kennedy administration and Sec-
retary Freeman have suffered a humili-
ating defeat.
I call on the Kennedy administration
to immediately propose a new wheat bill
to protect the wheat farmers of the Na-
tion. I cannot conceive of the adminis-
tration letting wheat farmers hang out
on a limb with $1 a. bushel wheat which
Secretary Freeman said they would get
If the referendum failed.
The responsibility for new wheat leg-
islation rests with the Kennedy ad-
ministration.
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
Cuba be stopped, and the use of V.S. air- Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, I yield Mr. Speaker, I- reserve the balance of
space to perpetuate Castro in power be 30 minutes to the gentlewoman from my time.
denied. New York [Mrs. ST. GEORGE] and, pend- Mr. BOILING. Mr. Speaker, I yield
If that is not done, I shall introduce a ing that, myself such time as I may s5 ippi minutes to thlvt ge entleman from Missis-
bill. to accomplish this result and ask for consume.
COLMER" asked and was given
an immediate hearing on this whole Mr. Speaker, House Resolution 362 (Mr.
mess. makes in order the consideration of H.R. permission to revise and extend his re-
It is time that President Kennedy. lay 6060, a bill to prohibit discrimination on marks.)
before the American people the promises account of sex in. the payment of wages Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I do not
he made last year to get Russian missiles in the production of goods for commerce, that the gentleman from the Missouri [Mr.
and troops out of Cuba. graciously
granted It appears that, as usual, the Ameri- It is an open rule and provides for 2 hours BBOLLING] ut I can otss't idly by without express-
can people have to get their news on our of debate.
Government's activities from Khru- Mr. Speaker, I know of no controversy ing my opinion about this legislation. I
shchev. The Kennedy news managers over the rule, although there is, some recognize that this bill. is going to pass.
have built up the myth that there were controversy over the bill, and I there- It is going to pass overwhelmingly, I sus-
no promises made last fall. fore reserve the balance of my time. pect, because it has an appeal to a mi-
It was made to appear that we stood Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I nority or special group. It deals with
"eyeball to eyeball" with Khrushchev yield myself such time as I may require. women. I recognize the seeming popular
and told him to take his missiles and go Mr. Speaker, this "resolution, House appeal and then, too, Mr. Speaker, I rec-
but now it becomes apparent through ac- Resolution 362, makes in order the con- ognize in addition- to the futility of my
tiont that followed that the President sideration of H.R. 6060 to prohibit dis- stating my position the politically un-
dealt away our bases in Europe, our pos- crimination on account "of sex in the wise situation in which I find myself.
ture in Laos, our Monroe Doctrine in the,. payment of wages by employers engaged I certainly do not want to be put in the
Western Hemisphere, and who, knows in commerce or in the production of position of opposing the women of this
what else. goods for commerce. Similar.bills have country, and-I could dwell at some length
I hereafter include in the RECORD the been before .this House before, but this on that subject. I am not so sure that
five demands Castro made on October' one, I think, is bat all odds the best one, the women want this bill. " However, I I 28, 1962, referred to repeatedly by Castro although it is by no means perfect, that tmnopipoie tobasically this
uproposal nsound, b case I
and Khrushchev and reiterated as their we have had so far. just
joint demands from Moscow. For those who fear this legislation- have opposed proposals here that were
Those demands are as follows: and there are some-I would like to point aimed at other minority or special groups
First. End all subversive activities, out that all women are by no means I doubt seriously, Mr. Speaker, if this
dropping and landing of arms and explo- covered in this act. As a matter of fact, bill is constitutional. I do not like the
sives by air and sea, organization of we see, according to the supplemental idea of pointing out women here as if
mercenary invasions, infiltration of spies views in the report, that the prohibition they are an inferior group and that the
and saboteurs, all of which are organized against discrimination because of sex is Federal step Government a twith its strong them.
in U.S. Territory and certain accomplice placed under the Fair Labor Standards must they and try r protect
their own.
countries. Act, with the act's established coverage I They think k have they been ca s doing t tan that for many.
Second. Withdraw from Guantanamo. of employers and, employees. All of-the generations.
Third. End U.S. economic blockade Fair Labor Standards exemptions apply; many
and all measures of commercial pres- and, this is very noteworthy, agriculture, Mr. Speaker, there are many instances
hotels, motels, restaurants, and laun- "where women are entitled to more pay
surer. dries are excluded. Also all professional, than the opposite sex and why should
Fourth. End United States and Puerto managerial, and administrative person- we just put them on an equal basis? This
Rican based pirate attacks. - nel and outside salesmen are excluded, strikes at the merit systgm.
Fifth. End all violation of air and So, a very great quantity- of women will" Mr. Speaker, I am principally opposed
naval space by North American military not be covered in this act, especially to this legislation because it represents
aircraft and ships. because it considers hotels, motels, res- further regimentation i up ntationr of cur~ army people. Federal
taurants, and laundries, where women agents to go about another army into every
EQUAL PAY ACT OF 1963 are by i will the majority , the workers. little, as well as every big business in
Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, by di- They Mr. Speaker, wieaakeker, , I have included. always felt that the country to see whether the Federal
is being enforced.
rection of the Committee on Rules, I call these bills would come to us from now on, law
think
up House Resolution 362 and ask for its and I hope that they will, but in every I should think be women paid should
upon be an paid. I equal basis
k
immediate consideration. - instance it is only one bite of the cherry. they
with men eb similar work, and I think
The clerk read the resolution, as In other words, we are just nibbling away
follows: at a thing that could have been com- generally it is true that they are where
Resolved, That upon the adoption of this pletely covered by an amendment to the they have the qualifications for that
resolution it shall be in order to move that Constitution simply giving women equal particular o posit on, but this thing just reg-
the House resolve itself into the Committee rights and letting it go at that. That
of the Whole House on the state of the apparently has not been the will of the not appeal to me. In fact, our people are
6060) Union to for prohibit ciscrimconsiderationinati on o o the bill account unt House so far. I hope some day that it already over regimented.
of sex in the payment of wages by employers will be. However, in the meantime, we Mr. Speaker, there has grown up a
engaged in commerce or in the production are going to have to have these bills custom in this country that we have to
of goods for commerce. After general de- which will help, which will do a little, have the Federal Government stick its
bate, which shall be confined to the bill,and which will get a foot in the door, and strong arms out to get into every phase
shall continue not to - exceed two hours, to they will have to continue to come to us. and facet of our local government and
be equally divided and controlled by the Mr. Speaker, this bill in my estimation of our industry. There is a provision in
chairman and ranking minority member of
the Committee on Education and Labor, the is good. It is a little bit too little and, this bill, Mr. Speaker, that I think
bill shall be read for amendment under the of course, it is too late. But on the other throws some light on what I am talking
five-minute rule. At the conclusion of the hand it is the best thing we can get at about. There is a provision that an em-
consideration of the bill for amendment, the this time. -ployer who is paying a wage rate differ-
Committee shall rise and report the bill to Mr. Speaker, I know of no serious ob- ential in violation of this subsection shall
the House with such amendments as may jection to it. I feel sure that the House not, in order to comply with the provi-
have been adopted, and the previous ques- will be glad, in fact, we feel that it is lions of this subsection, reduce the wage ti be billon and amendments shall
the ethe as to txorderedfinal on passage the high time for it to pass favorably on this rate of an employee. That recognizes
bill
without intervening motion except one ao- legislation and certainly pass favorably wthe ft omenin this country who are nxeceiving
tion to recommit.. on the rule,
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May '23
better pay than men for equal service, portunity for voluntary compliance. but as far as inflicting any penalty or
as spelled out in this bill. I recognize, I Also, recognition is given the special other sanctions against the employer is
repeat, -the political appeal of this bill. problem created by existing collective concerned, this can only be done by the
I am not going to ask anyone to oppose bargaining agreements by providing that Federal district court. In other words,
this bill, or to cast their ballot against it, enforcement proceedings will be under- the essential authority is not extended
but I am going to emphasize, as one who taken only at the expiration of such to the Secretary of Labor. I hope this
is opposed to the ever-spreading tentacles agreements or a maximum of 2 years will be clearly brought out in the de-
of the Federal Government into the after enactment. bate,
management and the conduct of the af- There are 24 million women in the Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I
fairs of the people of this Nation, that labor force today and by 1970 we shall yield 1 minute to the gentleman from
the Members had better give some con- have over 30 million. Most women work Pennsylvania [Mr. FULTONI.
sideration to it and its far reaching lm- to contribute to essential living expenses Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr.
piications. for themselves or their families. For Speaker, I have long cosponsored this
Moreover, Mr. Speaker, I am not so example, over 6 million single women legislation. I believe it is a good ap-
sure that this proposed legislation in the workers support themselves; over 2 mil- proach and a basic policy the country
long run is going to benefit the women lion working women are heads of fam- should adopt. I strongly recommend
employees of this country. It is highly ilies; others are the primary wage earner the passage of this legislation. I like the
probable that the employers may find It in the family although not technically statement that this is a matter of simple
advantageous to employ men in positions the family head justice to everyone in our civilization
now filled by women. Certainly, they Married women who are not the pri- and our business community, that we
would feel inclined so to do in mar- mary wage earner in the family work treat everybody
ginal instances where the labor market is to raise family living standards and to Mr. BOLLI . alike.
Speaker, I move
plentifuL In other words, it is highly send children through college in many, the previous question.
probable that the passage of this bill many families, but there are others who The previous question was ordered.
would result in less employment for must work to give their children proper The SPEAKER. The question is on
women. education. The contribution of these the resolution.
Mr. Speaker, finally I am opposed to women to the Nation's productive re- The question was taken, and the
this bill because I do not think that this sources must be recognized, encouraged, Speaker announced that the ayes ap-
subject is any of the Federal Govern- and maximized,
mint's business. Feared to have it.
It is a matter of simple justice to pay a Mr. FULTON. Mr. Speaker, I object
Mrs. ST, GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I woman the same rate as a man when to the vote on the ground that a quorum
yield 2 minutes to the gentlewoman from she is performing the same duties. We is not present, and make the point of
Ohio [Mrs. BOLTON]. have had equal pay in the Government order that a quorum is not present.
Mrs. FRANCES P. BOLTON. Mr. for some years through the Federal clas- The SPEAKER. Evidently
Speaker, as a long-time advocate of the sifted civil service. Some 22 States have is not present. a quorum
principle of equal pay for equal work, enacted equal pay laws, but let me say The Doorkeeper will close the doors,
I am very glad to speak in favor Of right there that in many of these they do the Sergeant at Arms will notify absent
H.R. 6060. I am very much interested not work too well. However, a Federal Members, and the Clerk will call the
in the remarks of the previous speaker law is needed to give complete and ade- roll.
because it is some time since the women quate coverage. The question was taken; and there
of this country have been in the minor- It is my hope that the House will give were-yeas 362, nays 9, not voting 64, as
ity. We are rather far ahead of you in favorable consideration to H.R. 6060, as follows:
that regard, my distinguished colleague. it provides a sound and workable ap- [Roll No. 541
Of course, if you care to be the spokes- proach, to this problem. YEAS--sea
man for the actual minority. Equal pay Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I Abele Burkhalter Edwards
legislation has been introduced in every yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Adair Burleson Elliott
Congress since 1945 by Members of both Kansas [Mr. AVERY]. Addabbo Burton Ellsworth
parties, a truly bipartisan effort. Mr. AVERY. Mr. Speaker, I will not Albert Byrne, Pa. Everett
The bill which is now before us is consume the 6 minutes. I do not think Ana sewn Byrnes, Wis. Fall n Cablil essentially the same as the one intro- there is much doubt but that this legis- hb"ook Cameron Farbsteln
duced in March of this year by the dis- latlon is going to pass. but since it is Ashley Cannon Fasten
tinguished gentleman from New York AspIDOTe Carey Findl
going to pass I think we ought to con- Aspinall Cederberg Findley
ey
[Mr. GOODELL]. It is a very logical ap- tern ourselves about some of the pro- Aunclean C1 berlain Flood
proach to the prolrilem in that it places visions in the bill. I will not take the Ayres Chelf Flynt
administration of equal pay under the time of the House to discuss the bill in Baker Chenoweth Ford
Fair Labor Standards Act. This al- detail, but would merely Pointout to the Baldwin Clancy Foreman
leviates the fear voiced by many that membership that they should pay parr Baring Clark Fountain
Barrett Clausen Fraser
passage of such a bill would lead to the titular attention to the way the jurisdic- Barry Cleveland Frelingluysen
establishment of a new bureaucracy with tion and the responsibilities of the Sccre- Bass Cohelan . Friedel
a new set of rules and a new set of in- tare of Labor are spelled out in this bill. Bates Collier Fulton, Pa.
vestigators. The? procedures under the I would admonish the :members of the Beck r Conte Fulton Tenn.
Fair Labor Standards Act are already legislative committee when they speak Beckworth Corman Gallagher
well established. However, let me re- in general debate to make the legislative Beermann Cramer Garmatz
mind you of what the gentlewoman from history abundantly clear as to what the Belcher Cunningham Gathtngs
New York [Mrs. ST. GEORGE] has already responsibilities are and where the lima- Bennett, Fla.= Curtis Gavin
told us, that this bill in no way covers tations on the responsibilities and rights Bennett, Mich. Daddario Gibbons
all the women workers of this country. of the Secretary of Labor rise. Berry n ni is GGi1I bert
Indeed, it leaves out a very great many I particularly am concerned about a Boggs Davis. Ga. Glenn
of them. So I would like to consider this statement that is carried in one of Boiling Dawson
y Goodell Gonzalez
bill and have you consider it as one of the additional views by the gentleman Bohn. Dent Goodling
the first steps toward an adjustment of from Nebraska [Mr. Mi-RTIx] which is Frances P. Denton Green, Oreg.
Bolton, Derntan Green, Pa.
balance in pay for women. not, as I read it, entirely in conformity Oliver P. Derwiwinsk! Griffin
As a matter of fact, you know it is with some of the statements that were now Devine Griffiths
going to affect some of you men because made to the Rules Committee. As I Bray Dingell Gross Dole there are places where the men do not understood the members of the legisla- Br mwell Donohue Grover
get paid as much as women for doing tive committee, the Secretary of Labor Broomfield Dorn Gurney
the same job.
has authority to vesate Find to Brown, Calif. Dowdy Hagan, Ga.
Furthermore, I am glad to note that negotiate with the employers on the Broyhill,, N .C. DDulw ink Haley' Calif.
H.R. 6060 gives a 1-year moratorium on basis of any irregularities he might dis- Broyhill, Va. Duncan mail
enforcement, thereby giving ample op- cover on the basis of his investigation. B
Bce Dwyer urke Edmondson Ha nay
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May 23
in the arms race: (See WR 63-8.) ?Further- - would be involved in direct military action
more since last October there have been against that island." (April 22, 1963, State
i the Kremlin Department press release No. 213)
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
many indications that those n
EXTENSION OF EMARKS who favor a quantitative increase in Soviet The Secretary of State's statement, first of
their int The all, serves to nullify Bundy's claim of a
on iw
h
HON. STROM THURMOND
OF SOIITH CAROLINA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 23, 1963
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the
American Security Council has published
an outstanding article in its May 20,
1963, Washington report entitled "The
Legacy of Cuba." In view of the atten-
tion which has been focused on the prob-
lem of Cuba by the Congress, and par-
ticularly by the _ Armed Services Com-
mittee's Preparedness Subcommittee, I
recommend the reading of this article
to my colleagues. I therefore, ask unani-
mous consent that it be printed in the
Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
ave w
nuclear strength
so-called pause in Soviet policy has ended- more powerful United States. How does the
ti n that the Soviet Union is both
ses o
t
.
if it ever existed. A hardening of the Sovie
position on all issues is apparent. An even
grimmer period of the cold war almost cer-
tainly lies ahead.
This turn of events Is at least partly the
direct result of the administration admission
that it is deterred from a blockade or other
employment of force in the Cuban situation
out of fear of war with the Soviet Union.
This position has been carried to the tragic
extreme of denying to the Cuban people even
the right to take-up arms to help liberate
their homeland. Two years ago, when a dif-
ferent policy prevailed, the President declared
that, "The American people are not com-
placent about Iron Curtain tanks and planes
less than 90 miles from our shores." Now
there are many more Soviet planes and tanks
in Cuba and large numbers of Soviet troops
as well. Regardless of whether or not there
are still offensive missiles in Cuban caves,
the fact remains that a major Soviet military
presence has been solidly established. There
is not the slightest indication that this force
is going to be removed, and not the slightest
,,If communism should obtain a perms- indication that the United States intends to
nent foothold in Latin America * * * then the force its removal. Unless this is done, com-
balance of power would move against us and munism cannot be overthrown by Cubans.
peace would be even more insecure." (John On May 9, 1983, the Preparedness Investi-
F. Kennedy, September 14, 1960.) gating Subcommittee of the Senate Armed
"I think it is clear th_t the importance of Services Committee, headed by Senator STEN-
Cuba is less than we think * * * on the sur- Nis, reported the results of its preliminary
face evidence of the headlines. * * * The Investigation of the Cuban situation. On
real issue here is not what does or does not the mater of Soviet troops in Cuba, the
happen in marginal daily conflicts with the unanimous subcommittee report downgraded
disgraceful Castro regime. The real ques- administration claims that the figure has
tion is what happens in the processes of the - been reduced to 12,000-13,000 men. The of-
societies of the Western Hemisphere as a ficial intelligence estimate remains at 17,500,
whole." (McGeorge Bundy, as quoted in the even though 4,000-5,000 have been seen to
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, May 8, 1983.) withdraw since the first of the year. This Is
TodaY communism does have a perma- because (a) the original estimates were het ery
nce
as
capable and willing to. fight a war in the
Caribbean (or to risk nuclear war by aggres-
sion someplace else) cause anyone to believe
that the U.S. is now stronger than 3 or 4
years ago? And how does such an admission
that we dare not use force serve to promote
the cause of "moderation" within the Krem-
lin? If anything, it may cause them to
wonder if we were not bluffing after all last
October.
Most important Is the implication run-
ning through administration statements
that Cuba without offensive missiles Is not
a direct threat to U.S. security and, there-
fore,. does not require any form of military
action. This change of outlook is very typi-
cal of, the containment policy. We say we
will defend our vital interests by force if
necessary, but we do not now consider Com-
munist control of -Cuba as contrary to our
vital national interest. Two years ago, we
did. The only thing -that has changed in
the interval is the evaluation of the risk of
defending that vital interest by force. So
the administration now denies that a vital
interest is any longer involved.
In contrast, here are a few of the points
made by the Stennis subcommittee in sum-
marizing the Russian threat to the Americas:
1. "Cuba in an avanced Soviet base for
subversive revolutionary and agitational ac-
tivities in the Western Hemisphere, and af-
fords the opportunity to export agents,
funds, arms, ammunition, and propaganda
throughout Latin America."
2. "Assuming, without deciding, that all
strategic weapons have been withdrawn,
there Is the ever present possibility of the
stealthy reintroduction of strategic missiles -
and other- offensive weapons, using the So-
viet forces still in Cuba as camouflage and
.
nent foothold in Latin America. The 1960 imprecise, and (b) there is ev e
security for the activity."
prophecy of candidate Kennedy has come Soviets are merely rotating their forces, with 3. "uba serves as an advanced intQili-
dismally true. But President Kennedy's ad- at least as many coming in as going out. base for the U.S.S.R."
visers, such as Mr. Bundy, are engaged In a The Soviets make a very obvious show of re- gence base Cba is a base from which
er pr deny the truth of the Presi- moving
massive effort
andestiinelye Meanwhile, iestimates them In 4. "Pot,
by re- the Soviets could interdict our vital air , but can dent's earlier prophecy. and sea lanes. It can now be used for the
This truth cannot be denied. It smothers fugees and those who have traveled exten- surveillance of our
and stultifies every constructive cold war lively in Cuba put the figure at 30,000-40,000' airm, ilita sea, ry activities and in electronic hs Southeas United
policy of the United States, including the Soviets still in Cuba. States and the Caribbean."
heavily stressed effort to promote social and - Senator Stennis' personal conclusion, ex- a "And the Soviet submarine bases
economic reforms in Latin America. Mr. pressed in the Senate on May 9 Is very could 8. "Advanced in Cuban ports with
Bundy argues further, in the speech quoted significant: very little effort." (Exiles report that two
from above, that "the whole international - - "I am convinced that the No. 1 priority of ery lit lbases are now i operation two
posture of the United States is stronger to- our national and foreign policy should and submarine
Banes and Maes ar Editor.)
day than it was 3 or 4 years ago", and that must be the complete removal of all Rus- "Cuba provides a base for training
"we are known to be stronger." This was scans from Cuba and the adoption of a firm 6
. s u other Latin American countries n in
true for a brief period last October, but not and hard plan which once and for all will rid agents revolutionary, can intl in
now. Communist power in Cuba and the our hemisphere of this threat. sabotage techniques." io (Just one example:
present U.S. reaction to it is destroying the . "To those who say that this involves risks b ga healthy image of U.S. strength created by and the danger of war, I reply that there Every month, groups of Columbian students
our October action. The present truth is comes a time-as it did last October-when leave for Cuba for such training. They fly
much more accurately- described by Senator risks must be taken in order to protect and by chartered plane to Curacao and are picked
Margaret Smith (in a Senate speech on May preserve our vital national interests. The up there by Cuban airlines-Editor.)
9, 1963) : risks of doing nothing-of allowing this 7. "The very presence of the Soviets in
"How can the United States of America Communist threat to fester and grow and Cuba affects adversely our Nation's image will un ever again claim to be the leader of the free perhaps subvert nation after nation-are in- and pably doubt Our riends abroad
to meet andder
world or ever hope to achieve the respect of finitely greater."
other peoples so long as we tolerate-whether, Mr. Rusk, however, disagrees. He denies teat the forces of communism thousands of
willingly or begrudgingly-the presence of flatly that the Soviet Union can be forced miles across the ocean if we prove unable to
this festering infection so' very close to out of Cuba without war, and he denies that cope with the Communist threat at our very
-
home?" the threat now posed by a Communist Cuba doorstep."
Mr. Bundy admits that his claim of in- warrants military action, In Mr. Rusk's The last point is perhaps the most crucial.
creased strength based mainly tin words: It affects the psychology of the cold war-
proved intelligence data which reveal l that t "Let's not kid ourselves that waving mis- the credibility of U.S. willingness to aid and
the "missile gap," estimated 3 years ago, never siles is going to cause the other side to roll defend Its friends. When we refuse to aid
existed. This is correct, and it is one of the over and play dead. If you want to do all the Cuban freedom fighters and actually pre-
reasons why the Soviets put their missiles in sorts of drastic things - on the assumption vent them from acting on= their own-even
Cuba and one of the reasons why they backed that no shooting will result just don't en- when based outside U.S. territory-and when
down before U.S. power last October. How- tertain any such Illusion. It is necessary we not only betray the hopes of the exile
ever, the "quantity gap" in our favor is a to incur very great risks in order to meet 'leader, Miro Cardona, but also heap personal
transitory thing and is becoming steadily great threats * * * But it is not my judgment abuse on his head because he dares to speak
less real 'and less important. Technologi- that the threat in Cuba at the present time out at last, we do infinite disservice to the
tally, the Soviets may already be ahead of us warrants the escalation of violence which cause of truth, liberty, and peace.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3271
sound fiscal operating base for the Govern-
ment.
SUMMARY Or RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Fully utilize private engineers: The ad-
ministrative agencies of the Federal Govern-
ment should be specifically directed to fully
utilize the services of private consulting en-
gineers in every instance where the best
Interests of the American public may be
served by such employment.
2. Continuing study of Federal policies:
The concerned committees of the Congress of
the United States should effect a continuing
study of the policies of the Federal adminis-
trative agencies which tend to put Govern-
ment into competition with engineers In pri-
vate industry.
3. Enact dollar-limit legislation: The Con-
gress should enact legislation establishing
specifle limits on the dollar value of the
engineering works accomplished by the var-
ious Government agencies.
Hollywood American Legion Opposes
Ineffective Test San Treaty
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. CRAIG HOSMER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 23, 1963
Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, thefol-
lowing resolution opposing- ineffebtive
test ban treaty terms was passed by the
Hollywood Post No. 43 of the American
Legion on May 8:
HOLLYWOOD POST No. 43, THE AMERICAN
LEGION
RESOLUTION
Whereas the press has recently carried
reports of statements by officials of the U.S.
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency to
the effect that, although there has been no
manifest change in the position of the
Soviet negotiators, an agreement Is momen-
tarily expected which will lead to a treaty
banning nuclear testing; and
Whereas years of negotiation with the
Soviet on this subject has resulted in the
abandonment of point after point on our
part, with no material concession by the
Soviet, so that today the position of the
United States has no relation to our original
position, and no relation to reality; and
Whereas the act of negotiation on the part
of the Soviet is not a prelude to a treaty, but
a means of improving the position of the
Communist, economically, politically, and
militarily, as was demonstrated by our pre-
vious test ban suspension In which the Soviet
completed all the preparations for elaborate
and comprehensive nuclear testing while the
United States slept. thus permitting them
to drastically reduce our lead in the nuclear
field; and
Whereas any treaty signed with the Soviets
will be observed scrupulously by ourselves
and secretly violated by the Soviet, or openly
abrogated whenever the interests of the
Soviet wit be served by such action; and
Whereas the quartering of Soviet troops in
the Western Hemisphere, 90 miles from our
coast is not an act of peaceful coexistence,
but an act of war: and
Whereas we may live with the threat of
nuclear war, weakness on our part will make
such a war a certainty; and
Whereas It is In America that the concept
of the freedom and dignity of man has
reached its highest level, and the future of
mankind In this respect is dependent upon
maintaining this Nation as a bulwark, eco-
nomically, politically, and militarily, against
the onslaught of the Communist slave sys-
tem, which would return all of mankind to
chains; therefore, we should not permit our
representatives, imbued with the delusion
of peace In our time to commit us to a
nuclear teat ban which will reduce us to
Impotency, so that not only our way of life
will be destroyed, but the hope of the en-
slaved peoples of the world and the future
of all mankind will be blighted for centuries
to come: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by Hollywood Post No. 34, the
American Legion, at its regular meeting held
on May 6, 1963, That this organization Is
utterly opposed to any nuclear test ban
treaty which cannot be completely policed,
so as to Insure that the United States shall
maintain its lead over the Communist con-
spiracy, militarily, economically, and politi-
cally; and be It further
Resolved. That the adjutant Is hereby di-
rected to send copies of this resolution to
the President of the United States, to all
Congressinen from the Los Angeles area, to
the two U.S. Senators from California, and to
the district. State. and National headquar-
tersof this organization.
PAUL DENNEY,
Commander.
WILLARD STEWART,
Adjutant.
Independence of Jordan
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ADAM C. POWELL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 23, 1963
Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on May
25 Jordan will celebrate the 17th anni-
versary of her independence. On this
memorable occasion, I wish to extend
warm felicitations to His Majestey ring
Hussein of the Hashemite Kingdom of
Jordan; and His Excellency, the Jordan-
ian Ambassador to the United States,
Saad Juma.
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
gained its Independence on May 25, 1948,
after the culmination of many years of
gradual autonomy. Great Britain, as
advisory power, had been in control since
World War I when the then-called
Transjordan fell under its sphere of in-
fluence. As a part of the Ottoman Em-
pire, the people were nomadic and au-
thority rested with the tribal leaders.
There was little industry and farming to
warrant great Interest in the country by
either the Porte or British authorities.
Within the Palestine towns later occu-
pied by Jordanian forces, home indus-
tries, such as needle and silverwork, did
exist and were famous throughout the
world as artistic treasures.
However, from the beginning of World
War 1, the people allied themselves with
Britain. With the guidance of T. E.
Lawrence, the tribes were effective in
cutting supply lines and disrupting com-
munication, During World War Ir, Jor-
dan once more declared Its allegiance to
the allies when the ruling Prince, Amir
Abdullah, pledged himself and his peo-
ple. It was at this time that the coun-
try became important because of Its stra-
tegic location, its proximity to the Suez
Canal and the oil fields of the Persian
Gulf.
As an Independent Kingdom, Jordan is
most noted for Its tourism. Much of
what is called the Holy Land is now with-
in its borders. The old city of Jerusa-
lemhas been contested for centuries for
its religious connections. It Is the cen-
ter of three religions--Christianity,
Judaism, and Islam.. Within its walls,
Christians may visit the Mount of Olives,
the Via Dolorgsa, and the Holy Sepulcher.
A Jew may search for and find the ruins
of Solomon's Temple and David's Tomb.
And the Muslim may pray within the
confines of the mosque of the Dome of
the Rock? the third most sacred place in
all Islam.
To the lovers of antiquity, Jordan
offers a more fertile area of study in the
south. The magnificent city of Petra,
carved from the cliffs, is a mute testi-
mony of the grandeur of its ancient past.
Situated on the main route between Da-
mascus and Arabia, Egypt and Babylon,
the city prospered and became an
empire.
The Romans, who were to cause the
downfall of Petra, left behind them the
ruins of Jerash. one of the best preserved
of all Roman cities. Mosaic floors, a
columned street, a triumphal arch, the
Forum. and other buildings lie exposed
to the weather and the discerning eye of
the visitor.
Another Roman city is Amman, the
capital of the country, the once prqud
city of Philadelphia. Here can be seen
an amphitheater which dominates the
entire city, as well as other ruins.
Not all Americans who come to Jordan
are tourists. Many have been sent by
our Government to help in the develop-
ment of the country. Our aid projects
provide assistance in the fields of agri-
culture, industry, transportation, health,
education, and community development.
We are also helping to finance certain de-
velopment projects which will, when
completed, 'benefit greatly the economy
of the state. One such project is the
East Ghor Canal, which will provide
water from the Yarmuck River for the
irrigation of thousands of acres of
desertland.
Another project in which the United
States has taken a financial Interest is
road construction. These new roads will
enable agricultural produce to reach
quickly the markets while still fresh.
They also facilitate the movement of
machinery used in the development of
the country. Furthermore, tourism has
benefited greatly since the discomfort of
travel throughout Jordan has been to a
large extent eliminated.
The present monarch, King Hussein,
has remained a steadfast friend and ally
of the United States. Although recent
disturbances have left his country less
stable than usual, the King continues to
pursue his policy of anticommunism and
support for the United States. On this
their 17th anniversary of Independence,
I salute the King and the citizens of
Jordan on their accomplishments and
extend to them the wish for continued
progress and prosperity.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3273
lyeither did we improve our standing in
Latin America by our recent performance in
Costa Rica. Contrary to the expressed wishes
of the Presidents of the Central American
countries involved in the conference-par-
ticularly Guatemala and Nicaragua-Presi-
dent Kennedy insisted in advance that a
tough policy toward Cuba was not to be a
topic of discussion. The result was predict-
able mediocrity-effusive and empty rhetoric
signifying almost nothing.
We do, of course, have a Cuban policy. It
is to isolate Cuba diplomatically, and ruin it
economically. This, we hope, will shut off
the flow of subversion and induce the volun-
tary withdrawal of Soviet power from Cuba,
because it will be too expulsive to maintain.
There have been limited and superficial
successes for these efforts. Most of the hemi-
spheric nations have severed diplomatic re-
lations, although the most important na-
tions-Brazil and Mexico-have not. And
the Cuban economy has degenerated sharply.
Sugar production is at a new low. But
Cuban supported subversion continues, and
there is no sign of any internal crackup of
the regime. Soviet forces make any internal
uprising impossible.
Overall, our Cuban policy is failing and is
bound to fail. This is because the Soviet
Union has both the will and the capability
to ensure that it fails. Cuba may very well
be a "showcase of failure", and it may cost
the U.S.S.R. $1 million daily to maintain it,
but this is a very cheap price to pay for the
tremendous, political, military, and psycho-
logical gains which Cuba provides to com-
munism. The triumphal reception given
Castro in Moscow should dispel any wishful
Ideas that the Soviets are about to pull out
of Cuba.
Cuba is important to Khrushchev and to
communism generally. It is enormously im-
portant. It is impossible to overestimate
this. The solidification of Soviet control
of Cuba is the most shattering defeat for
American policy since the cold war began.
Cuba is now the fulcrum of the cold war,
the center of the chessboard. We have long
been prepared to fight a thermonuclear war
if necessary to keep the Soviets out of West
Berlin. Why? Not because their presence
there would constitute any additional mili-
tary threat, but because of the devastating
psychological consequences which would
flow from a retreat on a firm commitment.
In this sense, Cuba is the West Berlin of
the Western Hemisphere. It is the breach
in the center of our line, and the Soviets
are throwing the whole weight of their of-
fensive through that breach. For more than
two years now, we have been formally
pledged to the elimination of this Commu-
nist base, but it still stands. This is the
overarching fact which dominates the Latin
American and even the world scene. It will
loom larger and larger as time passes.
There is no painless way to eliminate
either the Soviet presence in Cuba or, more
important, the Castro regime itself. There
are many prescriptions being offered, but
one truth stands out: Some element of force
or the clear and unequivocal threat of force
is going- to be required. This is because the
imperative for the -United States to remove
communism from Cuba is matched by an
equal imperative of Soviet policy to main-
tain it there if this can be done without
war. The interests of the United States and
U.S.S.R. are basically irreconcilable on Cuba.
Khrushchev has invested far too much and
committed his prestige far too deeply to
ever give it up voluntarily. Only the possi-
bility of war will-as last October-induce
him or his "hardline" colleagues to with-
draw.
On the other hand, if we continue to reject
the use of force in the Caribbean, there 'is
only one logical alternative and ultimately
we will take it. There cannot be a perma-
vent status-quo. If pressures are not in-
creased, they will decrease. If Castro is not
eliminated by diplomatic and economic war=
fare, support for even this policy will crum-
ble. Then we will resume diplomatic rela-
tions with Castro, probably give up our
Guantanamo base, and treat Cuba as we now
treat the east European satellites, hoping
for "Titoism" or some form of evolution to
solve the problem.
There are already indications that such
a shift is in the wind. Roosevelt Roads, in
Puerto Rico, is being refurbished, possibly
to handle the naval forces now based in
Guantanamo (U.S. News & World Report,
May 20, 1963); Prisoner Negotiator Donavan
is looked upon by some as a possible am-
bassador to Cuba; Castro has gone out of
his way to praise the crackdown on the
Cuban exiles and to say that he would be
willing to try to find "the basis" for better
relations with the United States. The State
Department is even now softening up Con-
gress and public opinion for the resumption
of relations with Hungary. There will be
ample precedent. .
Such a full circle in policy would only
compound the disaster and open wide the
floodgates to communism throughout the
hemisphere. But even as it is, current
American policy toward Cuba constitutes
the broadest possible invitation to the Com-
munist world to intensify the cold war, to
resist efforts at genuine disarmament, and
to instigate further major tests of U.S. de-
termination to resist its advances. It pro-
vides strong support for the Chinese hard-
line" argument, because it tends to show
that we are, after all, only paper tigers. It
will inevitably encourage as well those with-
in the Kremlin who perhaps favor a more
militant policy. Neither so-called isola-
tion of Communist Cuba nor coexistence
with it-if that should he the next policy
turn-is the road to peace. It is, rather,
the road to eventual war.
We would do well, in thinking of Cuba,
to remember the words of Winston Churchill,
uttered before the outbreak of World War
II:
"Still if you will not fight for the right
when you can easily win without bloodshed;
if you will not fight when your victory can
be sure and not-too costly; you may come to
the moment when you will have to fight
with all the odds against you and only a
precarious chance to survive. There may
even be a worse case: You may have to fight
when there is no hope of victory and it will
be better to perish than to live in slavery."
The legacy of Cuba is a witch's brew which
contains the most mortal threat to the secu-
rity and the survival of this Nation.
FRANK J. JOHNSON,
Editor.
Maryland's Young Jobseekers Total
Rising
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR.
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 23, 1963
Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, one of
the tragic aspects of the growing prob-
lem of unemployment in America is
graphically presented in a news story
which appeared in the Sun on May 20,
1963. It is significant in pointing out
that the unemployment problem will bear
heavily upon jobseekers whose problems-
are already challenging the statesman-
ship of this Congress. The article is
appended:
STATE YOVNG JOBSEEKERS TOTAL RISING-
ONLY FOUR OTHERS EAST OF MISSISSIPPI Ex-
CEED MARYLAND RATE
The number of Maryland teenagers seek-
ing jobs is rising sharply in Maryland, faster
than in all but four other States east of
the Mississippi, according to -a report released
by W. Willard Wirtz, U.S. Secretary of Labor.
The Department of Labor study showed
that between 1960 and 1965 the 14- to 19-
year-old labor force in Maryland would grow
from 101,800 to 129,700, an increase of 27.4
percent. Meanwhile, the national teenage
labor force would climb from 6,200,000 to
7,658,100, a growth of 23.5 percent.
Of States east of the Mississippi, only
Florida, Delaware, Ohio, and Connecticut are
expected to show sharper gains. But most of
the Mountain and Pacific Coast States will
record faster increases, with Nevada, Alaska,
and California showing the quickest growth.
CALLS IT PRESSING PROBLEM
The report termed the increase in young
job seekers ,one of the most difficult and
pressing manpower problems this Nation
has ever faced. It called on "educators, par-
ents, representatives of management and
labor, and government officials both on a
local and national level," to "face the chal-
lenge of developing action programs to equip
these young people for work."
It called special attention to the "handi-
caps faced by racial minorities, school drop-
outs, juvenile delinquents, physically or
mentally disabled young persons, and rural
youth." It noted especially the problems on
nonwhite youth, and said nonwhite young
women had a more difficult task finding
work than any other segment of the labor
force. -
The report warned "the employment prob-
lems of many youths are complicated by in-
adequate training, lack of vocational guid-
ance, poor motivation, and - frequent job
changes."
Youth Accomplishment Program
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HERMAN TOLL
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 23, 1963
Mr. TOLL:-Mr. Speaker, the Phila-
delphia chapter of the Federal Bar Asso-
ciation was a pioneer in the law ob-
servance program which has taken a
good hold in all the chapters of the
country. Now the two architects of the'
law observance program have developed
a new pilot program for the Philadel-
phia chapter called the youth accom-
plishment program. The story about
Harry D. Shargel, Esq., and Norris S.
Harzenstein, Esq., and their work in
initiating this new program appears in
the May issue of the Federal Bar News.
I have included the material for the
Members to read because I feel that
many communities can use this type of
program for their youth.
YOUTH ACCOMPLISHMENT PROGRAM INITIATED
On April 3, at a meeting held at the De-
fense Clothing & Textile Supply Center, at-
tended by representatives of youth service
and recreational agencies, public and paro-
chial schools, organized labor, business and
Industry, as well as law enforcement and
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - - APPENDIX May 23
other Government agencies, the Law Ob-
servance Committee of the Philadelphia
Chapter, Federal Bar Association, initiated a
youth accomplishment program which
should serve as a pilot project for all the
chapters of the association.
The youth accomplishment program is de-
signed to direct youthful drives into con-
structive channels, provide a sense of accom-
plishment and appropriate recognition to
young people, regardless of their relative
capabilities. Youngsters are invited to
select their own projects and accomplish
them to the best of their ability under the
supervision of existing youth-serving organi-
zations. A certificate of recognition is
awarded to every child who completes a proj-
ect to the best of his own ability. There
is no competition between the participants.
Emphasis is placed on reaching the children
who will not compete and to afford them an
incentive and an opportunity to develop
their talents.
Those who receive certificates also become
eligible for a drawing by lot to participate in
tours of industrial plants, places of historical
interest, law enforcement and other Govern-
ment agencies and places of educational
value. The awards are designed to afford
as many youths as possible the opportunity
to realize the values and opportunities of
our society and that there is a future in
their lives.
A prospectus of the program was printed
and furnished to the various participating
organizations and a brochure describing the
program and providing an application form
was made available for distribution to the
children. A badge evidencing participation
in the project will be awarded to each child
upon registration and a certificate will also
be awarded to the agencies that participate.
The project is a result of ideas presented
by Chairman Harry D. Shargel. and his Phila-
delphia chapter cochairman, Norris S. Har-
zenstein, with the assistance of U.S. District
Court Judge Francis L. Van Dusen, Jr. Dr.
Allen B. Water. Philadelphia public school
superintendent, who participated in the
initial formulation of the program, has ad-
vised that it will become part of the school
curriculum.
The Initial prospectus was donated by Al-
len, Lane & Scott, while the application,
brochures, certificates and badges are being
donated by the International Union of Elec-
trical, Radio and Machine Workers. AFL-CIO.
The Strawbridge & Clothier Department
Store Is providing clerical and administra-
tive support and will act as the headquarters.
James Gassaway, the store superintendent,
Is acting as executive director of the pro-
gram. The Crime Prevention Association,
the Health & Welfare Council and the Phila-
delphia Recreation Department, together
with the school representatives, have been
the major sources of youth experts who
helped devlop and implement the program.
Excerpts from an article in the Phila-
delphia Evening Bulletin of April 15 further
describes the program:
"This is the way it works: a youngster-who
Is In the fourth to ninth grades may apply
for the program at the local cooperating or-
ganization. His project, of his own choosing,
may be woodworking, hobby collection, art
and craftwork, writing, scientific project,
sports or even participation in a group clean-
up program.
"When the project Is completed-the dead-
line Is May 17-it must satisfy the supervisor
that It represents sincere, sustained effort.
the best the Individual can do.
"Shargei looks at the project as a delin-
quency preventive. `Youngsters who are
eager to compete usually do well, are kept
busy and stay out of trouble. But there are
a great number of children who, though
they may have ability, are bashful and lack
the self-confidence to enter Into competi-
tion. This is a great pool of children avail-
able to get Into trouble,' he said.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JOE D. WAGGONNER, JR.
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 23, 1963
Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, the
newspapers of the Nation have been
filled this past week with tributes to
Astronaut L. Gordon Cooper and to the
vital space program of which he is a
-member, One tribute in particular has
come to my attention which seems to
sum up in a few words the feelings we
have all shared during this momentous
time. It is entitled "America at Its
Best," and it speared as an editorial in
the Shreveport Times last Thursday,
May 16:
AMERICA AT ITS BEST
Once Tuesday's nightmare of a balking
diesel motor at Cape Canaveral and a faulty
radar setup at Bermuda had been overcome,
Maj. Gordon Cooper and his Faith 7 space-
ship got off yesterday into an earth-orbiting
ride which should thrill the heart of every
American-assuming the flight is carried on
to the successful end Indicated by the log
of the journey up to this writing.
Faith 7 went into the most perfect orbit
of any of America's Mercury projects-so
perfect that it was capable of making at least
92 orbits Instead of the 22 which had been
set as the limit. Thus the spaceship easily
could have exceeded Russian claims as to
the numbers of orbits made on its sup-
posedly most successful venture. Further,
all of the highly delicate and sensitive and
almost unbelievable electronic experimenta-
tion equipment in Faith 7 seemed to be
working perfectly; so perfectly that as early
as the second orbit of the flight, Major
Cooper dozed Into a comfortable nap.
Hera was something of which America
could be proud. It was American know-
how, American science, American engineer-
ing, American courage--and both the indi-
vidual and collective ability and determina-
tion of American people-at their best In
every way. It was a nation living up to a
reputation for superiority which it had
built through decades, by the perfection
with which It carried on achievements in
fields of venture and exploration-though
others got off to a head start in this par-
ticular field.
All of our astronauts deserve the lauda-
tions of the Nation, yet sometimes there
may be a little too much effort-entirely
natural; entirely commendable- to lionize
them. Courage always has been standard
equipment of true Americans. So has desire
for venture, willingness to move with open
eyes Into the unknown: and so has faith.
It is especially fitting that Gordon Cooper's
spaceship should carry that name; for faith
is the foundation of our kind of living and
our outlook on existence Itself.
It is therein that we differ so tremendously
from the Russians. They have faith only
in themselves; our faith is in an Omnipotent.
From Him comes our faith In our own ability
to conquer whatever has to be conquered;
our willingness to make the attempt no
matter how uncertain success may be,
Tragedy could strike this flight before its
scheduled ending this afternoon. It could
have struck even between the writing of this
and the reading of It. If so, the Nation
will accept that with faith also; something
that somehow had to be. In the meantime
we offer our prayers that all will be well
through the day. And somehow we are sure
that it will be.
Senator Sam Ervin, of North Carolina,
Urges Congress To Implement Sixth
Amendment by Enactment of Legisla-
tion
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. VANCE HARTKE
OF INDIANA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 23, 1963
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, recently
in the American Bar Association Journal,
one of our distinguished and learned col-
leagues, the Honorable Senator from
North Carolina [Mr. ERVIN], wrote an
article urging congressional attention
and enactment of legislation.
This scholarly thesis is worthy of all
of our attention, and I therefore, Mr.
President, ask unanimous consent that it
be printed in the Appendix of the RECORD
at the close of the extension of my
remarks.
The senior Senator from North Caro-
lina, a former practicing attorney and
judge qualifies him exceptionally to speak
out on the subject about which he has
written. The article is titled "Uncom-
pensated Counsel : They Do Not Meet the
Constitutional Mandate," and it basically
states that Congress should implement
the right-to-counsel guarantee of the
sixth amendment by enactment of legis-
lation under which Federal districts may
establish compensated-counsel systems
to provide representation for indigents
charged with crime.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows :
UNCOMPENSATED COUNSEL: THEY Do NOT
MEET THE CONSTITUTIONAL MANDATE
(By SAM J. ERVIN, Js., U.S. Senator from
North Carolina)
"If we are to keep our democracy, there
must be one commandment: Thou shalt not
ration justice."
These words of the late Judge Learned
Hand remind us that justice is a keystone of
our democracy and that we must be ever
vigilant in providing for just and democratic
processes. Unfortunately, we as a nation
have not adequately provided for the ad-
ministration of justice. In a very real sense.
justice is being rationed In this country as a
result of Congress failure to approprh-t3
funds to guarantee counsel for indigent de-
fendants in Federal courts.
The financial resources of a defendant
should be irrelevant to the administration
of justice. If equal justice under law is
to be more than a hollow phrase, then in-
digent defendants must be afforded ade-
quate counsel. A fundamental principle of
our Nation is that law, not force, maintains
the social order. And yet each year thou-
sands of defendants are brought before the
Federal bench without benefit of paid coun-
sel. The forces of the Government, with
experienced prosecutors, trained investigat-
ing staffs, and expert witnesses, are pitted
against a defendant whose appointed counsel
must find the spare time to defend without
compensation.
The Constitution of the United States
speaks for these defendants through the
sixth amendment, which in part provides:
"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused
shall enjoy the right * * * to have the
Assistance of Counsel for his defense." In
1938-the Supreme Court defined the rights of
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
they desired to be In operation in 1964.
The alternatives were clearly presented
and debated throughout the Nation.
Coming from a State where agricul-
ture is still our major industry, and from
a district where agriculture is not only
a way of life, but is life itself, I was very
much Interested in the decision farmers
would reach on Tuesday.
I must say that I was surprised at the
decision and do not understand the rea-
sons back of the decision reached. In
my district we grow practically all agri-
cultural commodities. Flue-cured to-
bacco, of course, is the principal com-
modity, but we also, produce substantial
quantities of peanuts, cotton, feed grains,
potatoes, fresh vegetables, livestock, and
practically anything that can be named
in the agriculture field. The wheat pro-
ducers made a choice on Tuesday to
accept an alternative program which
provides unlimited production at market
prices, or for those who desire to plant
within their acreage allotment, a guar-
anteed price support of 50 percent of
parity. It is ironical to me that the
wheat producers would reject marketing
quotas with guaranteed higher prices. I
say this is ironical because producers of
Irish potatoes are at the present time
and have been for more than a year try-
ing to secure legislation which ; would
authorize acreage allotments without
guaranteed price supports. The pro-
ducers of potatoes are entitled to this
legislation. They have learned that
they cannot exist with unlimited produc-
tion much inexcess of market demands.
Since wheat producers have made
their choice, I sincerely hope that it is a
wise one and that no action will be taken
by this body to adopt a different program
from that which they have elected to
accept. I also urge this body to hasten
consideration of potato legislation which
has been urgently requested by potato
Russia Uses Fishing Boats- in Exporting
Revolution From Cuba
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 23, 1963
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, it
seems to me that the following revela-
tions by Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott
give considerable weight to the concern
that many of us have about Mexico being
the next Central American country to
embrace communism. It also proves
than Cuba is the focal point of Commu-
nist infection which is spreading to Cen-
tral and South America, and unless
something positive is done to prevent
this disease from spreading and to elimi-
nate the focal point of the infection, we
will find ourselves in a most serious situa-
tion in the Western Hemisphere. The
article by Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott,
which appeared in May 22 issue of the
Arlington (Va.) Northern Virginia Sun
follows: - -
RUSSIA USES FISHING BOATS IN EXPORTING
REVOLUTION FROM CUBA
(By Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott)'
Russia is using a fleet of several hundred
high-speed fishing boats to export Fidel
Castro's Communist revolution to other Latin
American countries.
These oceangoing trawlers, which can sail
rings around the World War II naval vessels
of neigboring Caribbean nations, are trans-
porting-arms and Red-trained guerrillas to
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico,
Guatemala, and Brazil. -
The fishing boats-constructed so they can
be quickly converted for military use-have
a carrying capacity of 150 to 250 passengers,
or 300 to 550 gross tons of fish or arms.
Their speed ranges up to 30 knots.
In the past 6 weeks, U.S. patrol vessels
and aircraft have regularly sighted these So.
viet trawlers making high-speed runs from
Cuba to Mexico, concentrating on areas close
to Guatemala and Venezuela.
Several of these powerful Russian "fishing
boats" were spotted early this month un-
loading arms and men in an isolated cove
of Margarita Island off the coast of Vene-
zuela. The weapons and Communist-trained
guerrillas were en route to camp near Ca-
racas, only an hour-and-a-half by air from
Margarita.
Significantly, It was on Margarita Island
that Simon Bolivar, famed South American
patriot, proclaimed himself leader of the
rebel army that ultimately overthrew Span-
ish rule.
The U.S. Consul in Veracruz, Mexico, has
Informed the State Department that 30
Russian fishing vessels are operating In the
Gulf of -Mexico, making regular trips to
Cuba and using Veracruz as a base for
supplies.
Many of these "fishing boats" have the
latest electronic gear-far in excess of that
normally deemed necessary for fishing op-
erations. The ships are manned by Soviet
crews, but usually carry Cuban and other
Spanish-speaking passengers.
The Joint Chiefs of Staff, led by outgoing
Chief of Naval Operations Cfeorge Anderson,
are so disturbed by this growing new Rus-
sian threat that they have quietly launched
a drive inside the administration and Con-
gress to induce President Kennedy and his
policymakers to take prompt and forceful
countermeasures.
The military commanders stress that de-
spite the President's public pledge to Carib-
bean leaders at the recent Costa Rica con-
ference to formulate plans to build a "wall
of men" around Cuba, nothing has yet been
done to make this a firm policy.
It is pointed out that the U.S. Navy, the
only force powerful enough to halt this ex-
panding arms and guerrilla traffic, has not
been committed to do that. The Navy has
neither directives nor orders to take such
urgently needed action.
Naval operations in Cuban waters are now
strictly limited to the surveillance of Russian
shipping. Even that is far from effective be-
cause of the immense area to be covered and
the small number of ships assigned to the
job.
In a private meeting with members of the
House Military Appropril Lions Subcommit-
tee, Admiral Anderson declared frankly it
would take a large-scale naval blockade to
halt the Communist traffic of guerrillas and
arms from Cuba to other Latin American
countries. He emphasized this was his own
opinion and not the administration's.
President Kennedy and his policymakers
have ruled out a blockade as the solution.
Instead, they have embarked on a series of
conferences with the threatenednations to
determine what they can do to combat this
intensifying menace to them.
A3263
Fidel Castro's trip - td Russia is directly
linked to the build-up of Soviet "fishing
boats" in Cuban waters.
Intelligence authorities note that a ma-
jority of advisers accompanying the Cuban
dictator are connected either with naval
operations or guerrilla training. Also, . in-
stead of touring Russia with Castro, these
officials have remained in Moscow for confer-
ences with Soviet experts in these fields.
The 172d Anniversary of Polish
"Constitution of May 3
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN R. PILLION
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
'
Thursday, May 23, 1963
Mr. PILLION. Mr. Speaker, it is my
privilege to present to this House a res-
olution adopted by the Combined Orga-
nizations, Clubs, and Societies of the
Black Rock Section of the City of Buf-
falo, commemorating the 172d anniver-
sary of the adoption of Poland's Con-
stitution of May 3.
I congratulate these societies upon
their recognition of the great need for
a dedication on the part of this Nation
to seize the initiative in the war against
international communism. Only in this
way can the- Polish Constitution of May
3 be given new life, purpose, and mean-,
ing.
The resolution follows:
At a mass observance, held on the 5th day
of May 1963, under the auspices of the
Combined Organizations, Clubs, and Societies
of the Black Rock Section of the City of Buf-
falo, at the Polish Cadets Hall, 927 Grant
Street, Buffalo, N.Y., commemorating the
172d anniversary of the adoption of Poland's
constitution of May 3, the following resole .
tion was unanimously adopted:
"Whereas - the -172d anniversary of the
adoption of the Polish Constitution of May 3,
is an occasion for freedom-loving people
everywhere to reflect upon the meaning of
freedom and independence; to hope for its
restoration in those lands and for those
people from whom it has been taken away, -
and to dedicate themselves to protecting the
heritage of freedom here and encouraging' It
throughout the world; and
"Whereas the late 18th century witnessed
extensive blood letting occasioned by the rise
of serf movements in European countries
plagued with the ills of this caste system;
and
"Whereas the adoption of the constitu-
tion on May 3, 1791, was a landmark in the
history of freedom and self-government
marking a historic bloodless transition of a
nation from despotic monarchism to an era
of constitutional - monarchic democracy.
This doeument is and will remain a classic
as an inspired statement of the nature of
people, the origin of authority, the role of
law, and the proper function of government;
and
"Whereas said constitution.,- while no
longer in force, is a living classic forever
holding before the people of Poland and the
people of Polish descent, the ideal, the goal,
the vision of justice and opportunity, and
the right to live in peace and freedom; and
"Whereas the people of Poland and the
United States are united by the bond of an
unyielding opposition to the inhuman
tyranny and oppression of world commu-
nism; and -
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A3264 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Mai :_'-;
"Whereas we as Americans feeling a KEATING's warnings with respect to Cuba; possible the propagation of freedom's rncs~-
kindred concern for the people of Poland, we call upon them not only to take steps to age to men around_ the world.
are appalled at the shocking revelations of prevent the further spreading of interns- We have only to close our eyes and open
the West German newspaper Der Spiegel of tional communism's Influence in South and our ears to hear freedom's voice in the yes-
master NATO plans to reduce In the event of Central Americas but to take such steps as terdays, The Supreme Council, Ancient and
war, the territory of Poland Into an atomic necessary to loosen the Soviet grip on Cubs Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry,
wasteland, in order to create an uninhabit- with the view to rid our continent of this Southern Jurisdiction, U.S.A., has recently
able buffer zone between the Soviets and the menace and restore the principles of the published a challenging and enlightening
Western nations of Europe, and Monroe Doctrine that the Americas are for 'booklet, "The Road to Freedom." It Is a very
"Whereas the world watches in admira- the Americans and that the United States fine production-the result of much research
tion and awe the continued resistance of the will not permit the spreading of Soviet and study. Every pastor of this convention
Polish people, their courageous display of colonialism or any other upon the American should have a copy. You can have one for
independent minds and unbroken spirits in continents; and be it further free by writing the Supreme Council, Wash-
their successful resistance to attempts to "Resolved, That we as loyal citizens of the ington, D.C. Listen with me to a vivid de-
force upon them Indoctrination with Com- United States of America, hereby repeat our scription of "The Road to Freedom" and the
munist philosophy, and pledge of loyalty and allegiance to our great contributions men and women have made to
"Whereas this unique situation prevails in and beloved country; and be It finally the cause of freedom through the years.
Poland because of the courageous stature. "Resolved, That copies of this resolution "The word 'freedom' has come from the lips
will, and posture In opposition to comma- be forwarded with dispatch to the President, of men In every language. The ideal of free-
nism of the Catholic primate of Poland, His John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Hon. Senator dom has been extolled in the world's great
Eminence Stefan Cardinal Wyszyneki, and Jacob Javits, and Hon. Senator Kenneth oratory, and celebrated in poetry, drama, and
"Whereas the shores of our sister States of Keating, and our area Representatives in song. Men have prayed for freedom, fought
Florida and Alaska, neighbor except for nor- Congress, Hon. Thaddeus Dulski, Hon. John for it, died for It, lived to enjoy the fruits of
row waters, with lands under control of in- Pillion, and Hon. William A. Miller. freedom, and to pass on to their children the
ternattonal communism: Now, therefore, be "WALTER T. SEADZAT, heritage of government organized to preserve
it "Chairman. Resolution Committee. freedom, If all the peoples of all times spoke
"Resolved, That we assembled at this com- "WALTER WsosEE., in one voice with one word which best ex-
memorative observance of the 172d anniver- "Secretary." pressed the deepest aspiration of the human
sary of the adoption of the Polish Constitu- BUFFALO, N.Y., May 5, 1963. soul, that word would be freedom. No na-
tion of May the third, call upon our fellow Lion has won completely; some scarcely at
citizens of our great and beloved United all.
States of America to reflect upon the lessons "The road to freedom for humanity has been
derived from history; that our danger from long, tortuous, difficult and bloody. Only a
International communism to real and not Freedom 't'hrough Responsibility relatively small portion of our human race
Imaginary; that greater Intensified vigilance has been able to travel it successfully. For
for national security has to be fostered EXTENSION OF REMARKS the great mass of mankind the struggle for
against these dangers from within and with- or freedom has proven too difficult. In the
out; and be it further n United States those who negotiated the road
"Resolved, That we register our strongest HON. GEORGE GRANT and won the rewards of liberty did so by
protest possible In forms of condemnation pledging to each other . their lives, their
against the military strategists in NATO for OF ALABAMA fortunes and their sacred honor.
conceiving as part of their master plan the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Many centuries have come and gone since
damnable strategy as revealed by the Der Thursday, May 23, 1963 man's earliest aspiration for freedom mant-
Spiegel newspaper to destroy the people and fested Itself. Oceans of blood, sweat and
the territory of Poland in the event of world Mr. GRANT. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Henry tears have been expended in the long strug-
war III, that these people have suffered L. Lyon, Jr., pastor of the Highland Ave- gle for the freedom of the human body, mind,
enough In each of the past world ware; we nue Baptist Church of Montgomery, Ala., and soul, and many milestones have been
Americans have it upon our conscience that recently delivered one of the main erected marking the advances which have
we let these valiant allies down at Yalta,
and Teheran; do we desire this added burden addresses at the Southern Baptist Con- been en made along the way."
Athens on his world good will tour,
upon our conscience that we participated in vention in Kansas City, Mo. President Eisenhower defined freedom as a
their ultimate destruction and reducing The address, "Freedom Through Re- state "in which, under the rule of, law, every
their lands and possessions to atomic ashes? sponsibility," deals with the history of human will have the right and a fair chance
and be It further freedom in our country and the manner to live his own life, to choose his own faith,
"the Refty Id, That
Idealism of as Americans freedom all dedicated nations. of preserving our freedom through the to work out his own destiny." Daniel Web-
we feel el justice, dutybound in the name of jaeries, preservation of the 50 sovereign States. star once said, "Liberty exists in proportion
equity, and international morality to take I commend this sermon to the mem- to self-restraint." Listen to the voice of
a firm stand In the defense and continuation bership and to the general public: Lord Byron:
of the present assistance In forms of foreign TFiAOUGH RESpoHAIAII TTY "For freedom's battle, once begun
aid to our historic allies, the people of Poland Bequeathed by bleeding sire to son
whose true voice is silenced-by Soviet Russia; (Address by Dr. Henry L. Lyon, Jr.) Though baffled oft, is ever won."
and be it further For you were called to freedom, brethren; Dr. Ray Rozell magnifies several dimen-
'SResolved, That while we in the United only do not use your freedom as an oppor- alone of freedom: "For example, physical
States are free to celebrate Polish Constt- tunity for the flesh, but through love be freedom has a mobile dimension. It permits
tution Day, the people of Poland are not. In servants of one another.-tlglatians 5: 13. a person to move or to go about as he de-
their place, we plead ourselves never to for- Our text emphasizes a very precious word sires. Intellectual freedom has a noncondi-
get that freedom Is the right of every man, In all the languages spoken by men-"free- tional dimension. It permits a person to
never to abandon those who are fighting to dom." As I wrote the words of thismanu- think along whatever lines he desires. So-
preserve their Independence, never to give script my TV screen vibrated with a special cial freedom has a privilege dimension. It
up hope that Poland someday will be free news bulletin carrying live moving pictures allows one to move in a society of his own
again; and be it further of a mob in Nicaragua demonstrating a boll- choosing. Religious freedom has a freewill
"Resolved, That we commend and express Ing desire for freedom. The front page of dimension. It allows anyone to choose and
our affection for the greatest independent my morning newspaper, as of February 5, practice his own faith. Political freedom
spiritual leader in the world today, His spoke urgently about a real threat to the has a self-determination dimension. It al-
Emminence Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski. for security of the Canadian Government lnvoly- lows the citizen to choose his own political
his courage, his zeal and dedication to the Ing a vociferous surge toward freedom by party, leaders, or government."
cause of freedom for the Polish people. God thousands dissatisfied with the status quo; In a highly organized society such as the
in His infinite wisdom saw fit to designate President Kennedy proposing to the Con- one In which we live, many personal free-
Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski as protector of gress bold, broad programs to free hundreds doms must be sacrificed or even denied. We
the Polish people's spiritual life and also of thousands of mental patients from hoe- must not be indifferent to the well-being of
destined him to chart the course for his pital beds and lighten the tragic toll of others. Everyone who receives the protec-
people's temporal living under a godless mental retardation at an Initial cost of tion of society and the advantages that re-
regime forced upon them. May God guide over $31 million; the mart nations of Europe suit from living in it must make sacrifices
the actions of this great charterer of his voicing defiance for the alleged tyranny of on his own part for those benefits. There
people's spiritual and temporal destinies and France in the operation of the European is no room for a privileged Individual or
protect him from the ever threatening harms Common Market; the Voice of America soon group in the United States before our courts
about him: and be it further to dedicate with fanfare a $23 million Instal- of law in the various States, in the Congress,
"Resolved, That we call upon our President, lation whose massive transmitters are said before the President and before the Supreme
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, and our elected to be 96 times as powerful as the strongest Court of our country. Many of you may dis-
representatives in Congress to heed Senator American commercial radio station-making agree with me at this point. That is your
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8716 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 23
departments the power to carry out the minute and to revise and extend his re-
policy by appropriate regulation. marks.)
Under the Constitution, all of the law- Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, ever so
making power of the Government is subtly, Americans today are being en-
vested in the Congress. The adminis- eouraged to believe that in some inde-
trative rulemaking power, promulgating finable way communism is changing and
regulations having general effect as law that there may be some Communist gov-
is not inherent in the Executive and rests ernments that we can live with at peace.
entirely in the statutes which we write. Part of this subtle campaign is observed
In order to provide for congressional in the current policies of our State De-
scrutiny of rules and regulations before partment in regard to Mr. Khrushchev.
they become effective; in order to assure There is a definite developing soft line
that they do not violate congressional that it is in the interests of the United
intent, I have today introduced a bill States to keep Khrushchev in power in
which would withhold the effect of such the Communist bloc; that we should not
regulations for 15 days after they are
published in the Federal Register. Dur-
ing that 15-day period, a congressional
committee would scrutinize the regula-
tion. If the committee does nothing, the
regulation would go into effect. If it
believes the regulation violative of con-
gressional intent, it could report a con-
current resolution, giving both this House
and the other body the opportunity to ex-
press its will as, to such regulation.
During the period of congressional
consideration the effect of the regula-
tion would be suspended.
The bill would amend the Federal Reg-
ister Act, adding a new section. The full
text of the bill is a short one, and is as
follows:
H.R. 6504
A bill to amend title 44 of the United States
Code to provide for congressional review
of certain rules and regulations.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House
of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress ?assembled, That title
44 of the United States Code is amended by
adding thereto a new section to stand as
section 318, to read as follows:
"SEc. 315. Documents hereafter published
pursuant to section 305 of this Act, except
Presidential proclamations and Executive
orders, shall not be effective until the pro-
visions of this section are complied with. At
the time any such document is filed with the
General Services Administration pursuant to
section 302 of this Act as amended, a copy
of the same shall be transmitted to 'the
Speaker of the House of Representatives and
by him referred to an appropriate committee.
If the committee fails to report to the House a
concurrent resolution thereon within fifteen
days after publication of the document in
the Federal Register, the document shall be
effective at the end of such fifteen-day pe-
riod. If the committee finds the document
in any respect violative of the congressional
intent of the statute upon which the docu-
ment purports to be based, it may report a
concurrent resolution altering such docu-
The concept that communism is
changing, is part and parcel of a new
even softer line of the Kennedy adminis-
tration. We hear more and more fre-
quently that Chinese Communists under
Mao Tse Tung are more dangerous than (Mr. CRAMER asked and was given
Russian Communists because they haves permission to extend his remarks at this
less to lose and more people in reserve in point in the RECORD.)
depth. 'We are told that Yugoslavia is Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I was
an independent Communist nation and appalled and shocked at the FAA regu-
that the Communist Government of lation, published in the Federal Register
Hungary, because it releases some politi- Saturday, May 18, that permits flights
cal prisoners, may now be ready for con- over U.S. territory by Communist-Cuban
sideration of recognition. registered airplanes going to and from
Mr. Speaker, any Communist govern- C
d
ana
a. I was further amazed that the
ment, anywhere in the world is the mor- FAA, in admitting that previous flights
tal enemy of the United States of Ameri-
ca, whether it is Titoism, Chinese com- ;"-A -,-_ - _~ ______ _, . . - .
governments here, eyen if it takes force
to do so.
The present program to further mis-
lead and confuse the American people
by encouraging them to believe that it
is in their interests to have Khrushchev
and- Castro is a tragedy and an indict-
ment. It is a tragedy because it per-
mits further buildup of Communist mil-
itary might. It is an indictment because
it represents the deliberate planning of
those responsible for American policy
who know what they are doing and know
that it means further weakening oT'the
United States.
ISTRY AS WELL AS ALL OTHER
PLANES GOING TO OR COMING
FROM CUBA BE DENIED USE OF
The whole purpose of communism- abaeu ivr clearance nor such flights and
spelled with a capital "C", is to destroy that such clearance had been granted.
freedom in every nation in the world and As a result this FAA regulation,
to convert the form of government of overflights o of f nonscheduled airplanes are
every nation in the world to a Communist now being invited. This regulation opens
up specific corridors to Cuban air traf-
government by violence if necessary
.
This objective is the same on the part flc so long as the plane stops en route
of Communists whether they live in sates- for inspection at either New York, Bos-
lites or principal Communist nations ton or Dulles Airports. Thus, we have
Marxism-Leninism, with its indoctrina- the alarming probability that Castro's
tion of overthrow of governments by Cuban airplanes will be flying right into
force and violence, aided by subversion the Washington, D.C., area.
and sabotage, is the basic rule for com- I have requested that all flights by Cu-
munism everywhere. ban registered planes or planes of other
Every aid we give, every day that countries going to or coming from Cuba
passes that sees increased trade with be denied the use of U.S. airspace. I am
Soviet satellites, whether this trade is in the process of drafting legislation to
by Great Britain or by ourselves with accomplish this very objective and
Yugoslavia, makes the Communist bloc should the U.S. Government fail to ban
stronger and the United States weaker. these flights, I shall introduce a bill to
May Divine- Providence help us if the accomplish it and will, as well, ask for
day comes that the balance of power in immediate hearings on this whole sordid
the world passes to communism, for with 'mess.
that day will come escalation of allout This is another gaping hole in the so-
nuclear destruction of the free nations. called trade ban on Cuba, and can be
tent or setting it aside, in which case the ef- Communism has no God, no con- classed with our weak leadership as also
fect of such document shall be suspended science, and no principle, but it has a evidenced by the meaningless shipping
until the Congress shall have finally acted fanatic hatred of us and a psychotic ban, the medicines and foodstuffs paid
upon such resolution. If the resolution be goal of world domination for Commu- to Castro for ransom, U.S. citizens trav-
adopted, the document shall be thereby nist imperialism. In these circum- eling to Cuba for subversive indoctrina-
rescinded or altered as in such resolution stances, there is only one thing for this tion, the failure to exert the leadership
provided. Notice shall be published in the Nation to do, which it to stand firm necessary to persuade Great Britain and
Federal Register of the suspension of any against further Communist military Italy to stop trading with Castro-, and
document occasioned by report of a concur-
rent conquest of the world. the failure to stop resolution altering or rescinding such Alliance for Progress
document and publication shall be made in Of prime significance in this direction money from going to the five Latin
the Federal Register of a resolution altering is Cuba, wherein we should demand in- American countries that continue to rec-
such document in the form in which it was spection and back this demand up by the ognize and do business with Castro.
finally adopted." full power and authority of the Armed I am inserting in the RECORD, at this
Forces of the United States. We should point, the news story covering this issue
COMMUNISM IS NOT CHANGING not tolerate Communist military gov- which appeared in the Washington Daily
ernments in this hemisphere and we News, May 21, 1963. As evidenced by
(Mr. WYMAN asked and was given should tell the world that we are pre- the news story, the FAA admitted the
permission to address the House- for 1 pared to see that there are no such overflights of Cuban registered airplanes.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8715
duce surplus wheat without high cost to
taxpayers if it does not interfere with
the farmers' decision against a manda-
tory program.
No program meeting such a univer-
sally desired test has been devised and I
doubt that one can be, but the concilia-
tory, nonvindictive and constructive at-
titude of the President and Secretary
Freeman and the desire to still be as
helpful as possible under these circum-
stances without violating the rules the
farmers laid down is certainly worthy
of commendation.
AID TO EDUCATION WITHOUT
FEDERAL CONTROL
(Mr. DORN asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, education
must move forward in the 1960's to keep
pace with the age of astronautics. Edu-
cation must meet the challenges of the
hour: spiritual, moral, scientific, and
economic.
I am today introducing a bill which
would direct the district directors of In-
ternal Revenue to return to each State
at the end of each fiscal year 5 percent
of the Federal income taxes collected
from such State to be used for education.
The use and expenditure of this money
so returned to the State for education
would be solely at the discretion of the
State and would not be subject to any
control, review, or audit by the United
States.
Mr. Speaker, this is a good bill. It is
.one that all sections of our country cab
unite upon and support if we really be-
.,<
..+
. ..- -
end the
--
u
r
of our
futu
education or our young peopie? _ ? - -
bill would permit the States to meet the nestly solicit your consideration of this
urgent need of increased teachers' sala- bill. Many of my high school principals
ries, laboratories, and the most modern, and teachers have recommended this
up-to-date school facilities. It is past form of legislation. Our distinguished
time that we recognized the great contri- and able Governor, the Honorable
butions being made in the cold war by Donald Russell, has advocated for many
our devoted and dedicated teachers. If years a similar bill. Governor Russell
America is to survive, our teachers and is well acquainted with the problems of
students need to be furnished with the education having made a magnificent
tools with which to compete In the world record as president of the University of
of today. Our civilization may survive South Carolina.
or fall in the field of education. In the Mr. Speaker, let us move the wheels of
field of teaching, we must be permitted educational progress forward. The
to compete with business, the Federal adoption of this bill would be a long step
in the right direction.
LSCally, Kcaa~acaawaa va v,,.. - _--_
words sound like unreasoning extrem-
ism or an attack on democracy? Can
you imagine the Americans for Demo-
cratic Action presenting an award under
these same conditions? You certainly
could have picked a better target for
your accusations.
Are you not laying yourselves open to
charges of being unreasoning radicals
of the left and of Indulging in the prac-
tices which all liberals are said to
despise-guilt by association and denial
of freedom of expression?
Government, the military, and our CONGRESS IS THE CONSTITUTION-
sible Service in securing the best pos- AL LAWMAKING POWER OF GOV-
sible talent. POOR CHOICE OF TARGET
Mr. Speaker, I know of nothing more ERNMENT
important today than to assure our chil- (Mr. TEAGUE of California asked and (Mr. HUTCHINSON asked and was
dren of a future through improved edu- was given permission to address the given permission to address the House for
cation. In recent years many bills have House for 1 minute.) 1 minute and to revise and extend his
been introduced in the Congress which Mr. TEAGUE of California. Mr. remarks.)
would provide for Federal aid to educa- Speaker. on Monday last, several of our Speaker, dur-
servNSON, ice Mr. the Speaker durMichigan
education If the advocates of Federal aid to colleagues made vigorous attacks on Mr.
education are really sincere, my bill pro- Americans for Constitutional Action. it iflg . many HUTCHINSON.
and now as a Member of
vides the opportunity for this aid to be- was contended that the organization Is Congress, islatu have baby the
come available. If, however, these advo- doing the Devil's work in American poli- I area have been g alarmed
reed by ad-
trol are only interested In Federal con- tics and is engaged in an attack on de- widening Bening ar rule rlow awer than d by d-
trol of education and nationalizing our mocracy. enact.
educational system, then it would be nat- I submit that my colleagues made an ment ons have
ural for them to oppose this bill. By extremely poor choice In their selection Sinistrative regulatiMons h ve
returning this money directly to the of a target. I will explain. thucceffect of h h a ndme law and are as
eftizeno as are acts of Congress.
States for education, more money will But. first, let me point out that i am our
be provided for education. If a Federal not what the liberals like to term "a 100- Almost all of our bills get at a problem
aid to education bill is passed which percent rightwing extremist." For in- In general terms and grant to one of the
would first bring this money to Wash- stance, I supported the United Nations
ington, then a portion of it would be bond issue and manpower retraining; in
taken by the Washington authorities and most years I have voted for foreign aid;
thus less returned to the States and to and I even voted for the Peace Corps,
the taxpayers for the education of our co rge ~ns~ ion, the D arm anent
children.
Mr. Speaker, my bill is an expression yes-even the school lunch program.
of confidence in our teachers at the local Also, I issued a press release-which
level. It Is an expression of confidence was widely and prominently printed in
in the trustees running our local schools. California-defending much of what
It is an expression of confidence In the Senator KucHEL had to say In his recent
boards of education, county, municipal, speech, "The Fright Peddlers." You can
and State governments. Our people at well imagine the sort of vituperation I
the grassroots level throughout the Unit- have received because of that. But, Mr.
ed States have done and are doing a Speaker, not from Americans for Con-
remarkable job In the field of education. stitutional Action.
They have added classrooms at a fan- I eider the Americans for Constitu-
tastic rate and and have increased teach- tional Action to be an entirely respon-
ers' salaries; however, this added revenue sible and reasonable purveyor and de-
Is urgently needed so that education can fender of the conservative point of view.
keep pace with a fast-changing world. Let me tell you why. I have here a news
Last fall it was my privilege to address release issued by Americans for Constitu-
practically every high school in my con- tional Action announcing that one of our
?gressional district. I spoke to more than fellow House Members is being awarded'
20,000 young men and women including the "Distinguished Service Award" for
members of the faculty, trustees, and having supported legislation which
superintendents of education. It was a strengthens and defends the political,
privilege and really an education for me economic, and social system upon which
as a Member of the Congress to spend the United States has grown and
this time with young Americans and prospered. It goes on to recite that Her-
those who guide their destiny. It was bert Hoover, Sr., and Edgar Eisenhower
hard work but at the same time a pleas- are trustees.
ant task and was time well spent. I wish And please note this-the release also
all of you could find time every fall` to contains these words:
spend a month or two visiting your z t,g award announced here tonight does
Schools. not imply that the recipient is in complete
Mr. Speaker, I am familiar with the agreement with all the principles supported
problems of education. I started visit- by Americans for Constitutional Action, nor
ing schools with my father before I wa8 does it imply anp mmttment to support
the age of 6. My father taught school tepr nciples in the Afuture. t oe. dose Ameri-
for 19 years and was superintendent for os esonot and
or
16 more. My mother taught for 32 years wail t the not probity pf Impugnn e ei lther der tho e po p who is nor
and reared id children during those 32 acres with ita views.
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
I am also including my May 20 state-
ment on this subject:
Cuban airliners have flown over U.S. terri-
tory three times in the past 2 months, with
permission from the Federal Aviation Agency
(FAA).
There was only one such flight in the en-
tire previous 12 months, FAA said today.
As a result of the increase in Cuban Over-
flights of the United States, the FAA has
issued a special regulation. Effective im-
mediately, the regulation is a warning to
Cuba.
It says any Cuban planes seeking to over-
fly the United States in future must land at
a U.S. airport and submit to search.
11 KNOWLEDGE
"There's nothing mysterious about the
overflights," an FAA official said, "We knew
they were there. We always know exactly
who is in our air. The three overflights this
spring were from Havana to Montreal.
There was one one-way flight and one round-
trip flight. The flights were not regularly
scheduled and were commercial, carrying
both passengers and cargo.
"The Cubans filed flight plans with the
FAA requesting permission, and permission
was granted. But in the future," the FAA
spokesman said, "they must land where we
tell them and submit to search."
IDLEWILD
He said they probably would be ordered to
land at Idlewild Airport, New York City.
Asked what would occur if a Cuban plane
refused to land when ordered, the spokesman
declined comment.
Asked why the FAA issued the new regula-
tion, the spokesman explained that the
United States, under existing international
air conventions has had authority for regu-
lation of overflights since 1958 "but there
has been no need to enforce it for there have
been no overflights-until recently."
He said the action was taken after con-
ferring with State and Defense Departments.
CRAMER CALLS FOR HALT TO CUBAN AIRPLANES
OVERFLYING UNITED STATES
itself and the attendant adverse publicity
LIAM C. CRAMER, Republican of Florida, to-
day revealed in a House speech that Cuban which indicates there is reason to believe
airlines, both scheduled and nonscheduled, that this failure has led to some abuses
have been overflying the United States, ap- - on the part of some Members,
parently with no protest or action to prevent ' The resolution which I have intro-
it by the United States. duced would provide stricter controls
In inquiring into the FAA published regu- over expenditures by Members of Con-
lation of Saturday, May 18, in the Federal gress in their travels and would require
Register dealing with nonscheduled flights
by planes of Cuban a rather complete accounting process
told by an FAA official registry, that three overflights r a was for those who are authorized by proper
that of nonscheduled Cuban registry planes took resolution to make a trip. It would also
place, in the last 2 months and that others place restrictions upon the amounts
were known to have taken place recently, which could be spent for this purpose.
These flights take place from Toronto, The resolution likewise would prohibit
Montreal and Ottawa and include passengers
as well as freight cargoes. employees of Members of Congress from
"Numerous times the scheduled Cubana receiving pay for services rendered unless
Airlines overflies the Eastern part of the the services were performed by the em-
United States on...its return trip from Com- ployee either in the District of Columbia
munist Prague to Havana via Newfoundland or in the area represented by the Con-
when, because of bad weather, it is diverted gressman, except where special permis-
to Montreal," CRAMER said. "This hap- sion is granted otherwise.
paned 2 weeks o and ha
h
g as
appened a
number of other times in the recent past,"
CRAMER added.
"The notice of the regulation - sent to
airmen permits continued overflights of
scheduled Cuban airlinea'without restriction
or objections from the United States.
"It also provides that nonscheduled over-
flights will have to follow a designated cor-
ridor and stop for search at Idlewild or
Logan Airport, Boston, as a first alternate
and Dulles in Washington, D.C. as a second
alternate," CRAMER said,
"Thus the aduninistration is not even
protesting or restricting the overflights of
commercial airliners from behind the Iron
Curtain to Havana, but is inviting their
continuance. Overflights of nonscheduled
planes of Cuban registry are being con-
doned so long as a specific corridor is fol-
lowed and search is permitted," CRAMER,
said.
"This is typical of the pussyfooting of the
Now Frontier in dealing effectively with
Castro's Communist Cuba, Economic and
political quarantining of Cuba is our an-
nounced policy which we are supposedly
trying to get other Latin American nations
to follow and enforce. We now announce
to the world that we are willing to let Cuba
continue trading with Canada and even
overfly the United States to do it.
"We are announcing to the world that
we -don't mind Cuban-Communist planes
coming from behind the Iron Curtain to
overfly the United States, ,thus facilitating
trade between Communist Cuba and the
Communist satellites.
"All air routes over the United States
should be closed to anyone trading with
Cuba, let alone all such routes to planes
owned and operated by Castro's Communist
government that are trading with other
countries," CRAMER said.
8717
sion which prohibits nepotism in govern-
ment whether it be in the legislative,
executive or judicial branch. Under this
legislation a public official could not ap-
point, employ or recommend for ap-
pointment, employment, promotion or
advancement any relative in a depart-
ment in which he is serving or over
which he exercises jurisdiction or con-
trol.
My sponsorship of this legislation is
one of the evidences of the usefulness of
my questionnaire project. The need for
this legislation was pointed up to
me hundreds-probably thousands-of
times by the comments of people from
my district on this subject. This legis-
lation now is a bipartisan effort since
identical ' legislation has recently been
introduced-by the gentleman from South
Carolina [Mr. DORN), a Democratic
Member of the House.
GENEVA TRADE TALKS
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
THE CONDUCT OF MEMBERS OF of the House, the gentleman from Penn-
CONGRESS AND CERTAIN OTHER sylvania [Mr. DENT], is recognized for 60
PUBLIC OFFICIALS minutes.
(Mr. DENT asked and was given per-
(Mr. SNYDER asked and was given mission to revise and extend his rema
k
r
s
permission to extend his remarks at and to include extraneous matter.)
this point in the RECORD.) Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, it is my
Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, today I opinion that failure of the Geneva trade
have introduced in the House of Repre- talks gives many American industries a
sentatives a joint resolution in regard breather and a little longer lease on life.
to the conduct of Members of Congress It also gives American workers in com-
and certain other public officials. petitive industries a few more months to
if any one factor predominated the get ready for the inevitable unemploy-
comments which I received on the re- ment that will follow any further re-
turns on my questionnaire, I would say duction in tariffs and increases in quotas
that it was the concern of the people in glass, footwear, stainless steel, textiles,
of the Third Congressional District of olives, mushrooms, steel products, auto-
Kentucky over the problem of the au- mobiles-in fact, not one single U.S.
product that is produced in surplus in
the Common market will be We or se-
cure in the event the trade expansion
bill goes into effect before European
wages and production costs are raised to
meet U.S. standards.
The failure of the trade talks had to
be expected and although the meeting is
now being ballyhooed as a success, the
truth is that it is a postponement of ac-
tion for at least a year. . The Europeans
will be happy to cut tariffs on products
they need but never on products they
have in surplus. Everybody but the
United States wants to make deals that
mean jobs for their country and, in fact,
they consider our Trade Expansion Act
as an opportunity to increase their ex-
ports; not their imports.
They will buy from us what they need
and sell us what we do not need. It is a
one-way street of no returns
, except un-
In addition, this legislation would re- employment and economic distress.
quire statements to be filed by Members You will note, Mr. Speaker, that in
and certain other government officials this so-called trade meeting we have
outside the legislative branch showing again come out second best. We have
the items of income received by such agreed to cut tariffs without guarantees
Member or official, including gifts the of reciprocity.
value of which is in excess of $10. It Mr. Speaker, for the information of
would also require an annual statement my colleagues, I insert the following
to be filed of assets bought and sold at a
provisions which would make legalVeva- UNITED STATES-ALLIES OK TARIFF PLAN BUT
sion of the provisions extremely difficult. DEFER KNOTTY- PROBLEMS
Perhaps as important as any other GENEVA, May 21.-The United States and
Provision of this legislation is the provi- Tuesday ggenera pommon Mor ag
y principles for trimming
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8718 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 23
world trade barriers. Some hard bargaining governed system in which both dynam- succeed in deranging our system to the
still lay ahead. ism and abundance will disappear. This point of perverting its genius in the guise
The two greatest trading blocs reached a follows from the very nature of economic of reform.
compromise after 0 days of discussions In dynamism and from its origin in the na- To be sure, any system breeds evils;
which both sides made major concessions. ture of human demands for goods. and reform is a necessary accompani-
TASK FOR EXPERTS Abundance, in turn, depends on the for- ment of progress; but not all that goes
A conference source said the compromise tunes of an economic system that is es- by the name of reform Is reform. It may
will permit work to go ahead on preparations sent
tally self-propelling and self-renew- entail changes so radical that the sys-
said the reductions. United States and the Ing but inclined to balk if excessively tem can no longer be what it was or per-
for The specific source tariff
six common Market nations had failed to cluttered, burdened, or restrained. form as it did. This may be the result
settle their fundamental differences on the All economies are dedicated to the ful- even if the reform bore no such inten-
way the tariffs were actually to be cut. De- fitment of man's needs and desires. tion. At the same time it must be clear
tails will be worked out by a committee of These needsare highly variable but may that not all reform will be fatal or even
experts. be regarded roughly as falling into two burdensome to the economy. The ques-
"In effect," the source said, "the delegates broad categories; namely, the primary tion is how the changes comport with the
merely postponed some of the basic decisions and secondary ones. The primary needs, inner genius of the system.
they came here to make."
very simply, are those that must be satis- Obviously this genius must be under-
Two led by Republican ea- fled if man is to subsist, stood if a judgment is to be made with
The U.S. delegation. , led by Republican secondary needs are those that He respect to the soundness of past or pro-
Secret State two major of
coacessio ons nsafte Herter A. bad con- above the minimum level. They may be speetive changes and reforms. r suited President Kennedy: : denied satisfaction without courting ex- It is important that the composite ele-
The United States acknowledged that its tinction but not without withholding ments and nature of the system be
high tariffs are a problem in themselves, and from life the gratifications that distin- clearly set forth.
no country would have to prove in the bar- guiman from the lower animals and We have, to begin with, the people who
gaining that it was Injured by these rates mark his progress in civilization. settled this country. The natives who
before asking compensation.
The United States agreed that these high An economy that is dedicated to noth- were displaced were not in a stage of de-
tariffs would have to be handled on the ink more than provision of goods at the velopment that would soon have pro-
basis of special rules of general and auto- minimum level is necessarily a static duced the phenomena of production that
matic application. France, dominating the economy. it will do no more than pro- were witnessed here after a few cen-
six Common Market countries, had pressed vide food, clothing, shelter, and the turies. Therefore the character of the
hard for this. It meant that the experts necessary tools and means of locomotion people who displaced the red Indians
would have to work out a formula to deal required to furnish these goods. Its must be given a great part of the credit;
specially with such high tariffs. growth is limited by the population it for the rich resources of this Country
The Gammon Market also made two main serves. If the number of people remains were no less present to the aboriginals
concessions:
It dropped the French plan for a system the same so will the output of the econ- than to the Europeans who displaced
of Ideal tariffs, which was a means of lop- omy. The latter will gr0 only in step them.
ping off the peak American rates without with the increase in population. Nevertheless the presence of diversi-
equivalent European concessions. On the other hand, an economy that fled and rich resources was necessary to
It accepted the American principle that undertakes to provide means of satisfy- support the productive system that was
by - cooms,ost tariffs applying should be equally to all ut alIndustrialized percent ing the secondary needs and desires has launched as time went by.
countries. before it great possibilities of growth The settlers had a strong penchant for
The agreement came after nearly a week and ramification. The extent to which freedom and established a system of gov-
of hard bargaining on the principles to gov- It will meet these needs depends on a ernment that incorporated freedom as
ern the long series of negotiations on tariffs variety of factors. Some of the most the very essence of its genius. That this
and related issues due to start next May 4. perplexing problems of economics and was a basic ingredient of success of the
These forthcoming negotiations acquired the
name of the "Kennedy round" in months of government arise over this question system may be concluded from the settle-
preliminary talks. Most economies of the world do much ment of other areas of the world equally
The name was given In tribute to the more than merely provide the means of endowed with natural resources by peo-
efforts of President Kennedy to put the satisfying the primary needs. There are ple who established different systems of
Trade Expansion Act of 1902 through the some others, however, that hover close to government or if they modeled their or-
U.S. Congress. the subsistence level. ganic law after ours and hailed freedom
COMFROMISS FLAN Of all the countries the United States as an ideal veered seriously from its
At the base of Tuesday's..agreement was developed the most productive economic mandates in practice. None of these
a compromise between two opposing ideas system in the world and has catered countries achieved the productive ap-
on how to cut tariffs. most extensively to the secondary needs paratus devised in this country, even
Mr. Kennedy
cut had won unprecedented au r- and desires of the people. This produc- though they had the example before
c to cut nearly all taaiffa by per- them for some decades.
cent, , p provided he could get a fair deal l from rive explosion became most visible in the
eo
America's trading partners-notably the first half of the 20th century. As a We may, therefore, set down freedom
Common Market. material civilization this country as a and a government that in practice ac-
The French, dominating the Common Mar- result of this forward surge has hitherto cepted the restraints of power as con-
ket, found this system placed them at a dis- seen no equal. stituent and essential elements of the
advantage. They worked out a formula for Strangely enough as a country we were combination that led to industrial and
cutting high Americantariffs more than low
European tariffs. barely conscious of the origin of our in- agricultural supremacy. -
Thhe compromise was finally worked out dustrial and agricultural leadership, As If we cast about for other elements
The c
along these lines: a result it has been too much taken for that were indispensable we will recog-
In general, tariff cuts would be made on a granted. In fact, some of the most fruit- nize initiative and self-propulsion as
straight percentage basis-50 percent if pos- ful factors of the combination of ale- characteristic companions of the long
sible. This principle replaces the old, la- ments that together achieved the peak period of our development and accumu-
borious method of dealing one by one with of productivity have been under heavy lation. These were but reflections of the
the thousands of items in world trade. attack from some quarters. motivating forces at work; namely, rea- -
Mr. Speaker, this is the first step in Many heavy-handed efforts have been sonable assurance that the enterpriser,
the plan that will put into effect the made to discredit and to clothe with ill- developer, and exploiter would enjoy the
50-percent cut in tariffs by the United repute some of the very elements that fruits of his visions, labors, and ipfforts.
States without a like cut by any other have been responsible for the success of There are those who think that this as-
nation or the Common. Market. the system. It may be granted both that surance was overdone. Yet, to build pro-
The American economy is or was a some of the criticism has been innocent ductive empires needed not only vision,
dynamic organism. It Is or was pre- and sincere and that some of it was de- resolution, courage, and aggressiveness
eminently an economy of abundance. It served. Nevertheless It would be a most but also ambition and a strong ego.
will either maintain that characteristic unfortunate retribution to the critics if To convert a continent of mountains
or it will be transformed into a state- their notions should prevail and should and vast ranges of prairies, forests, and
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240038-5