ANOTHER KENNEDY CUBAN PEARL HARBOR IN THE MAKING?

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240026-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 26
• Publication Date: May 14, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3005
Other recognition received by news-
papers, and their reporters, published
in the Fifth District included third place
for the Maryland Independent for com-
munity service; third place to Jack
O'Brien of the Evening Capital for spot
news writing; third place to Helen de
Zayas of the Evening Capital for social
news writing; second place to Sue Miller
of the Maryland Gazette for spot news
writing; first place to Gertrude L. Poe
of the News Leader for feature writing;
and first place to Robert Grauel of the
News Leader for news photography on a
weekly.
Independence of Israel
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ADAM C. POWELL
OF NEW YORE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, today
Israel celebrates the 15th anniversary of
her independence. On this memorable
occasion, I wish to extend warm felicita-
tions to His Excellency, the Acting Pres-
ident of Israel, Kadish Loz; and His Ex-
cellency, the Israel Ambassador to the
United States, Avraham Harman.
. For 15 years the nations of the world
have witnessed the growth of the inde-
pendent State of Israel. Ever since its
establishment on May 14, 1948, we in the
United States have been amazed at the
industry and perseverence of the people
of this country in their desire for prog-
ress and success in the world community.
From a nation wracked by war and pil-
lage, Israel has now become the shining
example for the other newly independent
states striving for status and stability.
The internal development of Israel
progressed rapidly from the beginning.
A succession of extraordinary achieve-
ments entitles the Israelis to call them-
selves citizens of the most progressive,
most modern, most developed and most
stable nation in the Middle East. In the
Negev Desert, new cities are being con-
structed to house the ever-increasing im-
migrants who come to Israel seeking a
new life. Eclat on the Red Sea has be-
come a bustling port of approximately
7,500 inhabitants. In addition to its
harbor facilities, the city now boasts nu-
merous tourist accommodations. With-
in 5 years, the city planners will have
enlarged these facilities so that it will
rival the resort towns on the Sea of
Galilee.
The Negev has also become important
as the .center for natural resources. De-
velopment within its confines of copper,
iron, manganese, and phosphates has en-
abled Israel to be self-sufficient in these
minerals.
Oil, the largest single item of expendi-
ture in imports, has received a priority
for development. Recent strikes have
permitted the country to eliminate the
import of certain crude oils while ex-
plorations are now being conducted In
the Negev for the possibility of finding
sufficient oil to enable Israel to become
totally self-sufficient.
As a part of the government' plan-
ning, there has been Inaugurated a pro-
gram of technical aid to help requesting
nations to achieve development. Begun
in 1954, the program now has 83 recip-
ient States and territories. Examples
of such aid would include citrus and
agricultural development in Liberia, the-
development of Port Harcourt in Nigeria,
salt extraction methods for Ceylon, and
the combatting of sand flies in. Ethiopia.
Additional requests are continually being
received. Recently the Congolese gov-
ernment has asked for help in training
its army. Furthermore, the head of the
nuclear chemistry branch of the nu-
clear energy laboratories has been re-
quested by the United' Nations to give
advice to nuclear research institutes in
Thailand and the Philippines.
For these remarkable achievements,
one must pay tribute to the people of
Israel, the worker as well as the govern-
ment official. The, guidance of Prime
Minister Ben-Gurion, the representation
abroad of Presidents Welzmann and
Ben-Zvi, the molding by General Dayan
of young Israelis Into a unified army,
have contributed to the strengthening of
their country, Yet it is the laborer
who builds the roads and constructs the
towns, who mines the rich ores and
phosphates, and who plants and harvests
the grains and fruits-he is the lifeblood
of Israel. His dedication to his country,
and his single purpose of advancing his
nation have made Israel what it Is today.
Nowhere, save in the United States, have
so many different people come to live and
to build for their children a permanent
home, free from the persecutions and
horrors of anti-Semitism.
We salute the people of Israel on their
15 fruitful years. We express, too, the
hope that their nation will continue to
progress as It has, and that the friend-
ship between America and Israel will
grow in peace and prosperity.
Another Kennedy Cuban Pearl Harbor
in the Making?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, we
all recall how, last mid-October, Presi-
dent Kennedy confessed to the world
that he knew. nothing about Russian
missiles in Cuba until a few days be-
fore his talk to the American people. A
very disturbing article by Robert S. Allen
and Paul Scott in the Long Island Press
of May 9 indicates how we have let down
our guard in Cuba. If this be true, we
can forsee, perhaps in mid-October of
1964, the President making another talk
to the American people on how he just
found out that Russia was building up to
no good.
The article follows :
J.F.K: s CUBA POLICY BASS CHECKUP ON
RED FORCES
(By Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott)
WASHINGTON.-A potentially highly dan-
gerous intelligence gap-strikingly similar
to that immediately preceding the war-
fraught missile crisis last October-is again
developing in Cuba.
Following is what is transpiring there-
.with the full knowledge and approval of
President Kennedy:
Low-level reconnaissance flights have been
suspended since February 9. It was such
sorties that produced the irrefutable aerial
photos of the medium-range ballistic missiles
and IL--28 bombers on the Red-ruled Island.
The halting of low-level reconnaissance
flights since February is on direct orders of
the President. No reconnaissance flights of
any kind can be made over Cuba without his
approval,
High-level U-2 reconnaissance flights are
being kept to a minimum, and the aerial
photos they produce are raising more ques-
tions than they answer.
In recent weeks, at least four wide-hatched
Russian freighters have docked in Cuban
ports and unloaded their cargoes under cover
or darkness and the same kind of drum-
tight secrecy that prevailed last year when
the nuclear-armed missiles and IL-28 bomb-
ers were shipped there.
Several of these wide-hatched Soviet
freighters were armed with 3-inch guns.
These are the first armed Communist cargo
vessels to appear in the Caribbean.
The administration's iron-handed crack-
down on refugee raids is seriously impairing
the flow of information from Cuba, par-
ticularly from the anti-Casto underground
that has been an important source of mili-
tary information. That has been valuable
in planning U-2 -reconnaissance flights; pro-.
viding them with specific targets and mis-
sions. Inelligence men have worked closely
with the raiders and the underground.
Inside explanation for this extraordinary
backstage policy is the President's de-
termination that nothing be done to "rock
the boat" in Cuba.
That's the reason given congressional
leaders who have been appraised of this un-
disclosed intelligence gap and are greatly
disturbed. They have been told the Presi-
dent believes his conciliatory course will lead
to the withdrawal of more Russian troops
from Cuba.
The congressional leaders have been in-
formed that the -President and Premier
Khrushchev have exchanged a number of
letters on this thorny issue.
The intelligence gap is causing particular
concern among U.S. military authorities be-
cause of three baffling developments in Cuba.
These showed up in recent high-level
photos, but beyond bringing the disturbing
discoveries to light no detailed information
has been obtained--due to the lack of low-
level reconnaissance flights, the drastic curbs
on raiders and the adverse effect that has had
on contacts with, and the operations of, the
underground. .
The three disturbing mysteries are as
follows:
The appearance of large numbers of Rus-
sian tents, some of them big enough to en-
close missiles and their launchers.
Heavy transport traffic to and from areas
where large eaves are known to be. It has
long been reported, by refugees and other
sources, that the Reds are storing missiles
and arms in caves.
Construction of a rail line to a major So-
viet camp area. Apparently this camp is to
undergo extensive development of some kind.
Intelligence authorities are divided on the
reason for the appearance of the armed Rus-
sian freighters.
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A3006
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 14
One group is of the opinion the Red's in-
tent is to ward off refugee attacks. Another
group sees a great deal more behind this
move. It contends the armed cargo ships
are Khrushchev's warning to the United
States that another naval blockade will not
be tolerated. Also that these armed vessels
are being used to transport Castro agents to
Latin American countries.
Members of the U.S. Intelligence Board,
headed by Central Intelligence Director John
McCone, are privately making no secret of
their uneasiness over this backstage situa-
tion.
Let Us Improve Solidarity in the
Americas
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ
OF TExss
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14,1963
Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, re-
cently a young man named Nicholas B.
Haley wrote me enclosing a paper which
he wished to have considered for publi-
cation. My first impulse was to write a
form reply without even reading the pa-
per. But I glanced over the first para-
graphs and immediately changed my
mind, for this young man showed a re-
markable grasp of a most complex prob-
lem-inter-American solidarity.
I would not go so far as to say that
everything in this manuscript is correct,
but I do want to say that it shows a re-
markable maturity of thought and ex-
pression involving perhaps our most per-
plexing problems.
If we have very many young men of
Mr. Haley's caliber in our high schools,
we need not fear for the future.
The article follows:
Lax Us IMPROVE SOLmAsrrv its THE Aws iCAa
(By Nicholas B. Haley. San Antonio, Tex.,
Texas Military Institute)
The problem of uniting the Americas Is
not new. In the early days of our country,
a wise President foresaw the imperative need
of mutual friendship and understanding be-
tween the countries In the Americas. The
Monroe Doctrine was designed for the spe-
cific purpose of fostering unity among the
American nations, and keeping out other
countries who dreamed of conquest. Since
then, we have, In some form or other, been
faced with the problem of better harmony
between our neighbors In the Western Hemi-
sphere, President Kennedy realizes the im-
portance of solidarity.
President Kennedy's Alliance for Progress
means the same thing. It is to the mutual
advantage of each nation concerned; eco-
nomically and spiritually, to foster under-
standing, peace, and friendship. Why
should it be impossible for nations to be
friendly and kind toward one another? The
Dark Ages are gone forever. The light of ed-
ucation has been shining with greater brilli-
ance in the past decades. Ignorance can
be wiped out. It Is a recognized fact that
in the small unit of society known as the
family, education plays a tremendously im-
portant part in helping Its members live with
one another in comparative understanding
and happiness. We can extend the same
principles to apply to nations just as well.
We are consciously aware of several ways
to improve our relations with our neighbor-
ing countries. We have, and still are trying
one method, that of using our dollars to help
and improve the situation. Let us see what
our dollars have done in four strategic South
American countries. Huge amounts of
American money are being used in these
countries to assist their national economies
and to promote Social and economic reforms.
We see the need for economic aid and we are
dishing out the dollars. Alliance for Prog-
ress, Aid for International Development, the
Peace Corps; all these organizations have one
object and purpose: That of improving rela-
tions with our neighbors.
Venezuela was scheduled to receive $116
million In 1961. Of this amount, $1.500,000
went for rural housing; $5 million went for
aqueducts; $80 million was used to refinance
and readjust the complex procedure of re-
payment. President Romulo Betancourt and
his people are friendly toward us. In
Venezuela, there is no organized resistance
to American help. The Venezuelan presi-
dent has resettled some 63,000 families under
an agrarian reform program started before
the Alliance came Into effect. There Is a
great housing shortage, constantly increas-
Ing.
In Colombia, the allocated funds have been
used to plug the economic gap brought about
by the tailing of coffee prices. Low-income
workers allege that there to too much red-
tape Involved in getting into the new hous-
ing projects near the capital city of Bogotd.
An effort to being made by our agency to
alleviate the situation.
In Peru? the Peace Corps feeds some
188.000 Peruvian children. This has created
a favorable Impression. Aid to Peru was sus-
pended during the suspension of United
States-Peruvian relations in July of last year.
However, it was resumed as soon as the sus-
pension was terminated. Plans are under-
way to develon the Communist-Infiltrated
Convenclon Valley. The Peruvian military
government approves American aid.
In Ecuador. of the $44 million made avail-
able, a third was used to build hospitals
and schools. They have a great housing
shortage that Is bordering on the acute
stage. Plans are not yet available to correct
this situation, though a loan has been
granted to open the jungles in the Interior
of the country; $4 million will be used to
build 8.000 classrooms and living quarters
for approximately 100 teachers.
The 'United States is pouring millions of
dollars Into these South American countries..
What is the result? In the first place, many
of these peoples are not very happy about
American aid. They feel that the ultimate
purpose of our help Is to subjugate them Into
submission to our wf 1. They should not feel
that way. But the majority of them do,
even though we have proved to the world
that we are not irnnerialists as we have often
been accuFed by the Communists, and that
we are not after territorial expansion, neither
by bribery nor by the use of force. All we
want Is their cooneration and friendship to
be able to work together toward a common
goal. We would like all peoples of our
hemisphere tabs free to enjoy the blessings
of democracy. We would like to eliminate
poverty and Ignorance. We would like to
elevate the standard of living of the average
man. We would like progress to replace
medieval civilisation.
In the second place, the people on the
home front do not relish the Idea of help-
ing our neighbors as much as we are doing,
In view of the fact that some of these peo-
ples are not happy about our help: Many
Americans believe that we should help our-
selves and not worry about other countries
because other countries are not our busi-
ness. Recent events in Cuba have proved
that It is our business- to be concerned
about our neighboring countries. Certain-
ly, it is better to have friendly neighbors
than hostile ones. A great number of peo-
ple. in the United States have the erroneous
idea that we pay high taxes In order to
help our neighbors who do not appreciate
our help, do not I kc to be helped, and who
do not like us. It is true that sometimes.
some of our neighbors act as If they would
rather be engulfed by the slaving arm of
communism than be assisted In removing
the shackles of poverty and ignorance, In or-
der to live in freedom and enjoy the blessings
of liberty.
It Is obvious that we need to know why our
neighbors do not like us. What should we
do In this case? We know they need us,
they nerd our help, and we do want to be
their friends In word and deed. We need
friends who believe in freedom as we do.
Someday. perhans, they will be glad they were
our friends. We should try to change our
approach. if our present method does not
work, it Is clear that we should try another
way. Let us remember that "Nothing is so
strong as gentleness, nothing so gentle as
real strength."
I am Sincerely convinced that our neigh-
bors want our friendship much more than
they want our dollars, even if our dollars
are a great help to them. It is time we get
off our htgil horse and stop thinking that
the almighty dollar can buy us anything we
desire. Friendship has never been bought
successfully. Trust and confidence must be
earned, not purchased, if we want a friend-
ship that is sincere, genuine, and lasting.
Though we are all solid and true Amer-
icans with kind and generous hearts, we
are all descendants of various racial and cul-
tural backgrounds. We should possess that
priceless and Invaluable asset of understand-
ing not only ourselves, but other peoples
with culture, civilization, and background
other than our own. Unfortunately, It Is not
so, In spite of the very high percentage of
educated citizens we claim to have. We
should know how to understand other peo-
ples. If we do not, we should be taught.
It is certain that one step toward our
goal of firm solidarity among our neighbors
In the American Hemisphere is to foster in
ourselves and In our children a humanitarian
love of people, an understanding of their na-
ture, their way of life, and their process of
thinking. We should be taught, and this
with great emphasis, from the first grade on
up, in all schools, public and private, to re-
spect, like, and understand all peoples. We
should learn about their history; their past
is a clue to their present way of behavior.
Many of us think that only we know how to
eat; only we know how to dress; only we
know how to do things properly; and only we
kFow bow to live. It is not so. Other peo-
ples know bow to eat, dress, do things prop-
- erly, and to live, even though they may not
have as many dollars as we have, and even
though they may do so differently. We
should be taught to blot out arrogance and
to accept other peoples as human beings, just
as we are.
We are proud of our democracy, earned
with the lives and blood of our forefathers;
we should make it real and true to be effec-
tive. We should not only be tolerant, which
is only a form of condescension, we should
genuinely believe that other peoples are like
we are. When we travel in other countries,
it should be in us not to look down on others,
laugh at them, belittle them, or brag about
what we have. I have personally seen the
tragic results of such an attitude. This re-
calls to mind, an anecdote I once read about
the commander in chief of the Japanese
Fleet in World War II. In his youth, while
he was a student in one of our universities,
he was teased, despised, and held in con-
tempt by fellow students for no special rea-
son other that he was different In his physi-
cal appearance as well as in his way of think-
Ing. It was then that the seed of hatred
and hostility was born In this young man's
heart. Silently, he vowed revenge and venge-
ance against the Americans who thought
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE May 14 ,
bar participation. An outgrowth of the Brit-
ish colonial administration which has been
Africanized, its present functions are eco-
nomic but may form the basis for some type
of political federation following Kenya and
Zanzibar's independence, expected by the end
of the year.
5. Equatorial states: Members are Central
African Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville),
Gabon. The group has an effective common
market with a common external tariff.
6. Inter-African and Malagasy Organiza-
tion: The charter was initiated in December
and is expected to be signed at Addis Ababa
on May 23. However, some observers believe
it might never come into being if a Pan-
African charter is signed in the Ethiopian
capital. Member nations are Cameroun, Cen-
tral African Republic, Chad, Congo (Braz-
zaville), Congo (Leopoldville), Dahomey,
Ethiopia, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mala-
gasy Republic, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Togo, Upper
Volta. The original Monrovia group in-
cluded Libya, Sudan, and Tunisia, both of
which attended the initial May 1961 meet-
ing in Liberia. Congo (Leopoldville), then
in a state of turmoil, did not attend the
Monrovia meeting.
7. Pan African Freedom Movement for
east, central and southern Africa (Paf-
mecsa). Membership: Ethiopia, Somalia,
Tanganyika, Uganda, Congo (Leopoldville)
and major African nationalist political par-
ties in non-self-governing territories.
As the name implies, this body is devoted
to the struggle for independence of the re-
maining African territories by assisting the
organization of freedom parties, giving finan-
cial aid, and recommending policies such as
economic sanctions against south Africa and
Portugal and an appeal to the North At-
lantic Treaty Organization powers against
supplying arms to Portugal and providing
scholarships to African political refugees.
CLAUDE RARNETT'S COMMENTS
Mr. Speaker, I am further extending
my remarks to include the following ar-
ticle by Claude A. Barnett, director of the
Associated Negro Press, which he
founded at Chicago in 1919. He has
maintained close personal relationships
with African leaders since his first trip
to the continent in 1947. In all he has
made 12 African tours, the most recent
in 1962 following attendance at the
Lagos Conference of African heads of
state. His article follows:.
Thirty-two African countries, which dur-
ing the past score of years have won their
freedom from colonization and white Euro-
pean domination, are scheduled to have their
leaders gather together at Addis Ababa,
Ethiopia, May 23 to 25. A week earlier, the
foreign ministers and their staffs of experts
met in the same city to decide on the issues
to be discussed and to draw up an agenda.
The title of "Summit Meeting" is being
tossed at the gathering. Although, to call
it a conference, where the various leaders
with their differing personalities, back-
grounds and languages can get better ac-
quainted and find a basis upon which to
thrash out the main problems facing all
African nations today, might be more
appropriate.
Efforts to bring these leaders together are
not new. There have been half a dozen more
or less formal attempts of this sort.
Among these were:
The Casablanca Conference, with Ave
countries attending, was held in Morocco,
January 1961, at which the Arab influence
was felt; the Monrovia Conference, called by
President William V. S. Tubman, of Liberia,
in May 1961, and attended by 21 states; and
the Lagos Conference, a followup meeting
of the Monrovia gathering, in January 1962,
with 19 nations represented.
Perhaps one of the first such meetings was
the First Conference of Independent Afri-
can States, held at Accra in April 1958, and
attended by eight nations. The Second Con-
ference of Independent African States was
held at Addis Ababa, in June 1960, attended
by 11 independent African States.
Another Accra Conference, in November
1958, launched President Kwame Nkrumah's
idea of a Union of African States. Ghana
and Guinea proclaimed their union and were
leter joined by Mali. The three states ap-
proved a charter in May 1961.
There have been meetings which were re-
gional'or based on common language. For
example, there was an East African Con-
ference, attended by those states and terri-
tories which avail themselves of the Com-
mon Services Organization, a group which
seeks to find common ground because it
served the various countries with common
technical skills needed by all of the areas
represented. Other meetings have been held
by the French-speaking countries, which
have been functioning as a "community"; the
African and Malagasy Union; and the Equa-
torial States Group, which contains some
of the more recently recognized countries
which have won their freedom.
Most of these groups have been seeking a
formula which will enable them to form
some sort of alliance which would permit a
degree of cooperative economic effort while
remaining separate from a purely govern-
mental standpoint.
Dr. Nkrumah has carried the idea a step
farther. It was his bold break from the
dominance of England, in 1957, which
spar6d many of the efforts toward freedom
and from his beginning, he has sought an
all-African organization which might be tied
together in some kind of federation.
Most of the countries have seemed to shy
away from any really definite bond along
rigid political lines. Even Guinea and Mali,
which formed for a while a sort of trium-
virate with Ghana, are gradually seeking
less binding relationships.
It has been interesting to observe the
leadership which has emerged from Ethi-
opia and from which Emperor Haile Selassie
has issued the invitation to the current
meeting. Selassie has been an outstanding
leader at three of the conferences, serving
as host at two. The Ethiopian Emperor
commands the respect of all the nations.
After all, his is the oldest of all African
countries.
I observed at the gathering of heads of
states at Lagos, 16 months ago, the almost
worshipful respect that was held for him by
other participants. He gave the keynote ad-
dress, speaking in Amharic which had to
be translated into English and French-an
exercise which consumed most of the
morning.
The Emperor's views undoubtedly laid a
platform for the younger nations to stand
upon. In his first word, the Ethiopian
leader laid down. the premise that lie was
first, last and foremost an African and dedi-
cated to the advancement of all the nations
on the continent of Africa.
The United States, Europe, Asia, the United
Nations, and indeed, the rest of the world,
will be watching this African Conference at
Addis Ababa as an indication of what is
going to happen to the peoples of the world's
second largest continent and the part they
may be expected to play in the affairs of the
world in the foreseeable future.
STATISTICS ON AFRICAN STATES
Here is a table showing the area and
population of the 32 African states at-
tending the Addis Ababa summit, as
given in. the release of the Associated
Negro Press:
Area
(square
miles)
Algeria --------------------------
652,600
10, 30f), 000
Burundi------------------------
11,000
3,000,000
Cameroun- ?------_-----
183,381
4,907, 000
Central African Republic. _ _ __ __
241,000
1,227,000
Chad---------------------------
513,600
2, 730, 000
Congo (Brazzaville)_____________
132,046
795, 000
Congo (Leopoldville)____
905, 378
14, 150, 000
Dahomey-------------- ---------
44,695
1,934,000
Ethiopia------------------------
443,350
23,000,000
Gabon----------------- --------
103, 000
440,000
Ghana - -------------------------
91, 943
6,601, 000
Guinea-?---------- ------------
96,865
3,000,000
Ivory Coast_____________________
127, 520
3,300,000
Liberia--------------------------
43,000
2,760,000
Libya---------------------------
679,400
1,400,000
Malagasy Republic (Madagas-
ear)--- -----------------------
228,000
5,487,000
Mali---------------------------
465,000
4,900,000
Mauritania_____________________
419,000
727, 000
Morocco------------------------
172,100
11, 600, 000
Niger---------------------------
494,000
2,870,000
Nigeria--------------------------
366,669
42,000,000
Rwanda-
11,000
2,500,000
Senegal--------------------?---
80,600
3,800,()00
Sierra Leono____________________
27,925
2,600,000
Somalia-------------------------
246,000
2,000,000
Sudan---------------------------
967,500
12,109,000
Tanganyika_____________________
362,688
9, 404,000
Togo----------------------------
21, 850
1,444,000
Tunisia-------------------------
48,332
4,168,000
Uganda--------- ---------------
03,081
6,606,000
United Arab Republic .--------_
386,198
20, 059, 000
Upper Volta____________________
105,000
3,635,000
THREATENED COMMUNIST
TAKEOVER IN HAITI
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from New York [Mr. PILLION] is
recognized for 1 hour.
Mr. PILLION. Mr. Speaker, the pres-
ent policies of the United States, directed
toward Haiti, are following the same pat-
tern that proved to be so self-defeating
in Cuba. Our fumbling diplomacy aided
Castro and abetted the Communist
movement to produce the existing
shameful and dangerous Soviet-Cuban
military-political threat to this Nation.
The Soviet-Communist forces are pur-
suing the same pattern in Haiti that as-
sured the Communist takeover of Cuba.
The Communist officials in the Duvalier
Cabinet are planning, encouraging, and
diabolically carrying out a campaign of
bloody terrorism in Haiti.
At the same time, the Communists in
Cuba, in the United States, and in Latin
America are building a hostile image of
Duvalier as a bloody-voodoo dictator.
This propaganda is intended to create a
world opinion for the liquidation of
Duvalier.
A political vacuum would thus be cre-
ated. And, only the Communists are
prepared to fill this political vacuum and
seize political control of Haiti.
This was the exact pattern used to de-
stroy Batista and to create Castro's
Communist Cuba.
The State Department and our Gov-
ernment are fiddling and finagling while
the international Soviet-Communist
forces are calculatingly coverting Haiti
into a second Soviet satellite at our back
door.
In contrast to the realistic plans and
actions of the Communist Party, the U.S.
State Department has followed its nor-
mal pollyanna policies.
The present Communist influences
around Duvalier are concrete proof of
the success of the Communist policies
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8043
Negro Press, of Chicago, and I am ex-
tending my remarks to Include from the
material in this release an article by
David A. Talbot.
TALBOT'S LONG AND RICH BACKGROUND
Mr. Talbot is a veteran of nearly 30
years as correspondent on the African
scene.
Born in British Guiana, Talbot took
his B.A. and M.A. degrees at New York
University, then traveled extensively
throughout Europe and Africa. Alter
serving as editor of the African, monthly
devoted to African thought and opinion,
he joined the War Labor Board as a
junior economist before taking up over-
seas work in Ethiopia, where he has per-
formed notably in several capacities.
Talbot first went to Ethiopia in 1934,
with the late Colonel John C. Robinson,
American Negro air ace who served as
pilot to Halle Selassie, taking the Em-
peror on trips to the Ethiopian front
after the Italian invasion in 1936. Tal-
bot has maintained residence in Ethi-
opia since the middle 1930's.
In 1946, Talbot founded the American
Institute, which he continues to direct.
Under his editorship, the Ethiopian
Herald has become the leading English-
language daily. Formerly press consul-
tant to the Imperial Ethiopian Ministry
of Information, he Is now adviser on
English publications. He has secured
50 scholarships enabling Ethiopian stu-
dents to study abroad, and 30 of these
students, now returned, are filling Im-
portant posts in government and na-
tional life.
Mr. Talbot's article follows:
EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE'S VIEWS
(By David A. Talbot)
ADDIS ABABA.-What are some of the aims
of the historic 32-nation African summit
meeting which will be held here May 22-
26?
Many people In all parts of the world,
filled with anticipation as to what will be
the nature of the summit, are asking this
question.
Emperor Halle Selassie, in his official role
as host, has thrown a great deal of light
on the approaching African heads of states
conference. In a timely intervention dur-
ing a recent press conference, His Imperial
Majesty declared that the purpose of the
conference could be reduced to three salient
points:
First, to speed independence for terri-
tories still in a subservient position; second-
ly, to exchange views on joint problems, such
as raising the peoples' living standards and
improving conditions In the fields of econ-
omy, culture and politics; thirdly, drawing
of an African charter for unity.
That the Impending summit is historic is
surely beyond question. Although called on
the Government level, it is certain that many
other levels of African corporate organiza-
tions will be represented. True, observers
from dependent Africa will have carte
blanche, because, as His Majesty the Em-
peror clearly stated, one of the many ob-
jectives of the May summit will be Con-
cerned with the complete emancipation of
the continent.
It was not coincidental that the Emperor
placed first on the list the subject of de-
colonization. "To speed the attainment of
independence of those areas In the continent
that are still in a state of dependency." was
the categoric statement made to the press.
All too evident, If the African summit is to
achieve the broad alms that are pertinent
to Its terms of reference, the stamping out
of colonialism must be one of the vital plans
in its platform.
The Emperor and many other leading Afri-
can statesmen have repeatedly voiced the
idea that no independent state in Africa
could feel secure In its independence while
other areas of the continent remain in a
colonialist status. For the summit to be
worth the effort, ways and means must be
elaborated to assist the African freedom
lighters in their struggle for independence.
By and large, the mere meeting of all the
Independent African States is a bold stroke
in the field of African unity. If a sign were
needed to indicate the purposefulness of the
African heads of states, surely the May-sttm-
mlt is clear and unequivocal.
In his statement to the press, In which
the Emperor gave a broad outline of why
such a meeting has been called, be said:
"For the first time in the continent's his-
tory, one of the points In the purpose of the
summit Is to lay basic foundations for unity,
to exchange views that will help to resolve
common problems so that the standard of
living of our peoples could be raised and so
that ways and means of Improving the eco-
nomic, cultural, and political aspects of life
of the continent could be provided."
The May summit, constituting as it will,
the most important conclave of its kind in
the history of the continent, will bring to-
gether ideas, problems, plans, and aspira-
tions of more than 200 million persons. The
heads of states also represent the various sec-
tions and areas of the continent. As such, it
will provide a springboard for practical and
forthright proposals concerning the problems
that face the 32 nations and the continent as
a whole.
Beyond question, these problems are many;
without doubt, many of them strike at the
very heart of the nations' existence as sov-
ereign states. And since each nation cannot
but cherish and safeguard Its hard-won inde-
pendence, it Is readily obvious that they must
use the unique opportunity afforded by the
summit to their best advantage.
Africa has had a slow start and must dou-
ble Its efforts to gain the time lost.
There are, therefore, frontiers In every
field of human progress that must be con-
quered. Flow to do this will be one of the
principal challenges facing the meeting.
Africa is, as it were, engaged in a series of
crusades, none of which could be carried
on successfully singlehandedly.
This points to the stubborn fact that after
Independence the next step Is Interde-
pendence, And for this to be more than a
mere slogan, as the Emperor told the press
conference, foundations for the prosecution
of common beneficial alms must be laid
down. The summit will therefore strive to
Initiate a modus operandi as a guideline to
effective continental cooperation in all major
fields.
A universal charter for Africa is therefore
envisioned. The story of the search to unt-
fled and effectiveaction Is now well known.
The Casablanca. Monrovia, and Malagasy
trials have been proven fragmentary. In
them all, however, are to be found proposals
and principles that could be woven Into an
acceptable pattern. This. I believe, Is the
reason why the date for the beginning of the
Foreign Ministers Conference was advanced.
In moving toward an enlarged community
there are problems, some known and others
unforeseen. A universal African charter
could act as a compass to meet some prob-
lems and to avoid others. Close consulta-
tion and collaboration will be necessary.
As his Majesty the Emperor said: "To
construct the necessary machinery for con-
tacts among heads of states" would be one
of the positive results of the May summit.
It seems to me that with sobriety and
healthy give and take the African heads of
states could expect to lay the groundwork
for a period of constructive cooperation on
It continental level in several basic areas.
They are expected "to elaborate procedures
by which the independent African States
could advance toward mutually beneficial
goals and to safeguard their security."
Matters not from what angle the May
summit is viewed, It is clear that it will
mark a significant turning point in the his-
tory of Africa. There is work to be done,
and the African leaders, by this meeting,
have shown their awareness of the complex
tasks ahead and the need for concerted
action.
The challenge calls for dedication, for it
comes from a cause on which hangs the
future not only of Africa but that of the
whole world. "A united Africa," declared
the Emperor, "will not only win her deserved
place in world councils, it will contribute
remarkably to world peace and security."
Mr. Speaker, I am further extending
my remarks to include another article
from the release of the Associated Negro
Press, as follows :
PoNoxetNG OurcoME Or ADDIS ABABA SUMMIT
WASHINGTON.-Aware of the seven major
regional groups to Africa with several states
having interlocking membership, observers
here in the U.S. Capital hold the impression
that the Addis Ababa conferees will place
high on their list the question: How will the
32 independent African nations organize
themselves?
The trend toward regionalism, as noted by
these observers, resulted In two rival blocs
with different concepts of relations to the
former metropoies-the Casablanca states
and the Monrovia states. However, it is fur-
ther noted that while these differences may
continue to some degree, the emphasis on
contlnentwide unity is winning ground.
This trend Is evident since both the Casa-
blanca and Monrovia groups are meeting un-
der one roof-Ethiopia's Africa Hall. All the
states heeded Emperor Halle Selassie's early
bid for 100-percent attendance at the May
summit talks.
With regard to organization of the African
States there are at least three types of pro-
posals:
1. The Lagos Charter of December 22,
which looks toward a grouping of African
nations similar to the Organization of Amer-
ican States.
2. Taking as a model of the Casablanca
Charter of 1961: A far closer unification of
states than envisaged by the Lagos Charter-
approaching a federation.
3. The reported recent proposal of Ghana's
President Kwame Nkrumah for an all-African
organization Involving a legislature (parlia-
ment) and other federal institutions.
Most students of African affairs in the V.S.
Capital feel it is too early to guess exactly
what will emerge from the Addis Ababa Con-
ference in terms of an approach to organi-
zation,
The seven regional groupings, listed alpha-
betically, are:
1. The African and Malagasy Union. The
13 members are Cameroun, Central African
Republic, Chad, Congo (Brazzaville), Da-
homey, Gabon, Ivory Coast. Malagasy Repub-
lic, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, and
Upper Volta. All were formerly under French
rule except Rwanda, which with Burundi
formed the Belgian-administered United Na-
tions trusteeship of Ruanda-Urundi. The
UAM (the organization's French initials)
maintains a permanent Secretariat at the
United Nations.
2. Casablanca charter states: The six mem-
ber nations are Algeria, Ghana, Guinea, Mali,
Morocco, and the United Arab Republic.
3. Council of the Entente: Members are
Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, and Upper
Volta.
4. The East African Common Services Or-
ganization: The three members are Kenya,
Uganda and Tanganyika with partial Zanzi-
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GRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 8045
and the utter failure of the U.S. State Jules Blanchet is another French- Communists who seek to destroy you and
Department's policies, programs, and trained communist. He is the repre- your country.
diplomacy. sentative of the Haitian Government in Mr. President Duvalier, Haiti and the
The U.S. military mission, military as- Europe. He is charged with maintaining United States have a mutual interest to
sistance, economic, and technical aid contacts, and with bringing foreign mili- be attained by our military assistance
have been a failure in Haiti, just as they tary and economic assistance to Haiti for intervention in Haiti.
proved to be a failure in Cuba. from France, Czechoslovakia, Poland, You can prevent the Communists from
The State Department has withdrawn and the Soviet. stealing your country, from converting
military and economic aid from Haiti. Dr. Jacques Fourcand is a well-known Haiti into a Soviet puppet and satellite.
This cutoff of funds drove Duvalier to Communist. He is the personal phy- The United States is not interested in
seek Communist assistance. The U.S. sician to President Duvalier. He is also permanently occupying Haiti. But, the
decision to withdraw aid was based upon Director of Social Welfare Bureau of the United States is vitally interested in pre-
the misuse of these funds. Department of Labor and Welfare. venting Haiti from becoming' a second
The State Department knew so little Lucien Montas, another Communist, Cuba-Soviet military and political base
about Haiti, that they did not and do is Director of f.hn
u-. +ziu nas peen
purposely with malice aforethought sab-
otaged by the Communist officials in the
Haiti Government.
Mr. Speaker, the United States can
no longer permit our State Department
to act as the general manager for the
delivery of the free world to Soviet-
Communist forces on the installment
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, threaten the security and independence
These men, backed and supported by of the United St
t
a
es and all of Latin
Castro in Cuba, and the Communist Par- America, ties of Europe, are the brains and brawn The further consolidation of Com-
behind the Communist influence over munist power in Haiti would be a
President Duvalier. These are the men tragedy for the people of Haiti. It would
who are now in the process of delivering constitute another major and political
Haiti into the Soviet-Communist camp. disaster for the United States.
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, will Mr. Speaker, Communist domination
the Q 'ntlpman vi .1 - 9 ..O rr-,... . _
plan.
Mr. Speaker, I have read recent Amer-
lvir. riLL,IUN. I yield to the gentle- viet-Communist threat to both ourf
scan newspaper attacks upon President, man from Illinois. base in Guantanamo and to the P naval
Duvalier. Haiti accuses the U
S
State
an
.
.
ama
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, with- Canal.
Department of inspiring this campaign. out meaning to anticipate the remarks of A Communist government in Haiti
I agree with Haiti. These articles and the gentleman, who has done an excel- would exert constant Communist pres-
editorials follow the State Department's lent job of outlining the detail in which sures, threatening the independent
mistaken hope that if President Duvalier the Communist web has been formed status of the Dominican Republic.
is removed from office, our problems with around Haiti and neighboring states, If our Government now permits Cu-
Haiti will be solved, could the gentleman tell us if he will be ban-Soviet-Haitian Communist forces to
Now, the issue in Haiti is not whether able to give any alternative or plans consolidate their power in Haiti, then
President Duvalier believes in voodooism. that our State Department might have worldwide distrust of our leadership, and
The security of the United States is not to combat this development? further disintegration of our resistance
directly threatened by the murders and Mr. PILLION. The State Department to communism will be accelerated.
the terrorism reported in Haiti, as shock- has no plans to fill this vacuum that has Mr. Speaker, this Nation can no longer
ing as they are to us. been in effect, I think, since last August. afford to wholly entrust the security and
The anti-Duvalier press campaign in There is a complete vacuum of thought survival of this Nation to the State De-
the United States and around the world in the CIA and the State Department as partment.
does not reveal but, in fact, conceals the to how effectively to deal with the If we continue to watch and wait while
actual issue. Haitian question, the international Communist forces
The fundamental issue posed by Haiti Mr. DERWINSKI. Would I be er- work and win, Haiti will soon become a
is that the Communist forces in Haiti, roneous, in the second Soviet offensive military base.
aided and abetted by the Communist gentleman's opinion, if
parties of Cuba, France, Czechoslovakia, I stated that the State Department If we wait any longer, we will be con-
Poland, and the Soviet, are now in the policy seems to be to minimize the situa- fronted not by Haitian Communist
Process of seizing and consolidating de tion in Haiti, hoping for the better? forces, but by Soviet troops, armament,
facto s of seizing
power and nsol Mr. PILLION. They are completely and missiles in Haiti.
The Communist control in Haiti will impractical in their approach to the Our Government, today, Is hopefully
first bring into Haiti, Czechoslovak, and Haitian problem. That is my confirmed looking toward the Organization of
judgment aft
Polish te
h
i
t
lk
i
c
n
er
a
c
ing with a number of
ans, to be followed by So-
viet troops, armaments and nuclear mis- representatives of our Government.
siles. Mr. DERWINSKI. I certainly hope as
Mr. Speaker, President Duvalier is a a result of the gentleman's discussion
sick man, this afternoon we can prod the State
He is surrounded by a cunningly orga- Department into either developing a pro-
nized network of Communist agents, gram or demonstrating that they are at
They have isolated him from non-Com- least thinking about it.
munist contacts. Mr. PILLION. I am afraid the time is
Who are these Communist agents? gone for the State Department to be
Clovis Desinor was the former secre- able to take effective action. The situ-
tary to Duvalier. He is a confirmed ation in Haiti has deteriorated to a point
Communist. He is the No. 1 Communist where action must be taken far beyond
in respect to influence over Duvalier. the capabilities of the State Department.
He is now a member of the Cabinet, the Now, I address myself to you, President
Minister of Commerce and Industry. Duvalier:
Dr. Herve Boyer was brought into the The Communist Parties are planning
Government by Desinor. Boyer is a and are prepared to remove you from the
French-trained Communist. His wife Presidency of Haiti either by execution
is also a French Communist Party mem- or exile. ' Your days are numbered. Your
ber. Boyer is also a member of the Du- fate is already sealed.
valier Cabinet, Minister of Finance. Thus, for the sake of your Haitian peo-
Luckner Chambronne is another Com- pie, I ask you, Mr. President, to officially
munist member of the Duvalier Cabinet. request U.S. military intervention in
He is Minister for Public Works. He is Haiti for the purpose of restoring and
also the personal financial adviser and maintaining order, and for the further
secretary to President Duvalier. purpose of assisting you to get rid of the
Republic to provide an all-encompassing
solution to the Haiti, Problem.
We must keep in mind that President
Bosch's charges made to the United Na-
tions did not deal with the penetration
and consolidation of Soviet-Communist
power in Haiti.
Tee referral f this by the United Nations to the OAquestion
S ex-
cludes the consideration of this vital
question from their agenda.
Mr. Speaker, this Nation cannot rely
upon the Dominican Republic or upon
the OAS to pull our chestnuts out of the
Haitian fire.
The OAS lacks the organization, the
military capabilities, the finances, and
the leadership to take effective action
for the protection of the vital interests
of the United States in Haiti.
Mr. Speaker, there is only one prac-
tical alternative left to the United
States: I call upon our President to im-
mediately land sufficient military forces
in Haiti to occupy for the purpose of
protecting the vital security interests of
both this Nation and this hemisphere.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 14
I call upon the President at the same
time to Invite all members of the Organ-
ization of American States to participate
in this military occupancy, designed, not
to overthrow any legitimate chief of
state; but to prevent a new Communist
seizure of power in the Western Hemi-
sphere.
I further call upon the President to
warn Cuban, Russian, Czechoslovakia,
Polish: and Red Chinese Communists to
keep their hands off Haiti.
Mr. Speaker, defeat of this Communist
scheme to seize power, will free the peo-
ple of Haiti to develop an independent
government of their choosing, and our
forces can and must thenbe withdrawn.
Mr. Speaker, our Government has
many justifications for taking this nec-
essary action.
There is ample precedents for this
action in international law.
The Monroe Doctrine, long a firm cor-
nerstone of our foreign policy, declares,
in effect, that the United States will
consider it hostile and dangerous to the
United States if any foreign power es-
tablishes any form of absolutist govern-
ment in the Western Hemisphere, direct-
ly or through third parties. This Is
what Communists have done in Cuba,
and what they now intend to do in Haiti.
The Caracas Declaration of Solidarity
of 1954 declared:
The domination of control of the political
institutions of any American state by the
international Communist movement, extend-
ing to this hemisphere the political system
of an extracontinental power would con-
stitute a threat to the sovereignity and poll-
tical Independence of the American states.
endangering the peace of America.
Mr. Speaker, the justification for im-
mediate action can be found in our land-
ing of forces in Lebanon in 1958 in order
to assure the stability of the Govern-
ment of Lebanon.
But, above all, our justification Is the
necessity of defending the national se-
curity of the United States.
Mr. Speaker, permit me to reempha-
size the fact that the failure of the poli-
cies of our Government toward Haiti
have left us with no practical alternative
except that of military intervention.
International Communist forces are
waging a war against us. They have
declared this war. Their aim is to seize
political power in one country after an-
other until they rule the world.
The Communist strategists say that
in this war, the political power of the
enemy must be destroyed. The will of
the people must be overcome, manipulat-
ed, and exploited to back Communist
power seizures.
The State Department has been un-
able or unwilling to accept the fact that
Communists are waging war against all
free peoples for the political control of
the world.
On October 2, 1962, I warned the
President and the Nation that Haiti
was in imminent danger of duplicating
the path of Communist Cuba.
My statement at that time under-
scored the fact that the State Depart-
ment's indecisive and do-nothing poli-
cies of "don't rock the boat" and "we
can't lose if we do nothing" were opening
the doors of the Western Hemisphere to
rapid Communist conquest.
On March 15, 1963, 1 wrote to Secre-
tary of State Dean Rusk warning that
President Duvalier of Haiti was sur-
rounded by Communists and that Haiti
was in imminent danger of being cap-
tured by Communist forces.
In that letter I urged the State De-
partment to formulate policies Imple-
menting the resolution of Congress of
October 1962 to "prevent by whatever
means may be necessary, including the
use of aims, the Marxist-Leninist regime
in Cuba from extending, by force or
threat of force, its aggressive or sub-
versive activities to any part of the
hemisphere."
The answers of the State Department
were evasive, and completely lacking in
a practical approach to effectively deal
with the Communist takeover in Haiti.
Any further delay in dealing with the
Haitian crisis may put Haiti beyond our
help. History will not forgive us another
delay and another defeat.
Mr. Speaker, I urge the Members of
this House to support this call upon the
President for an immediate military oc-
cupancy of Haiti to protect the peace
and security of this Nation and this
hemisphere.
Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr. PILLION. I am pleased to yield
to the gentleman from California.
Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, I appreciate
the gentleman's remarks with reference
to the Communist takeover in Haiti. I
should like to ask him if, to carry out
his doctrine, If a Communist regime Is
established, this Government should do
all within its power short of war to see
that that Communist regime does not
survive?
Mr. PILLION. I agree with the gen-
tleman, but I do believe in this case an
ounce of prevention is worth of a ton
of cure. Now Is the time to prevent the
complete takeover of Haiti. There is a
de facto occupancy by the Communist
Party of Haiti, but they still have Du-
valier to deal with. We could walk into
Haiti, I am quite sure, and get rid of
the Communists around Duvalier by
military occupancy. And that is the only
way we can do it.
Mr. UTI'. If we do not do this, is it
the gentleman's opinion that their next
move is to go into Santo Domingo?
Mr. PILLION. Yes, because right now
they are in touch with Czechoslovakians.
They have had a mission there. They
have negotiated with the Poles. Com-
munists have gone to Europe and gotten
money for Duvalier from Iron Curtain
countries. It is a progressive situation.
Once a Communist government Is firmly
established in Haiti It is bound to flow
over into the Dominican Republic. And
the next in line is our own Puerto Rico.
That is the next island that is going to
go. It is just one step after another.
As I say, an ounce of prevention Is worth
a ton of cure. If we are going to do any-
thing about Haiti we had better do it
now, because a year or 2 years from now
we will be confronted, not with the
Haitian Ton Ton Macout forces or with
the shattered army that he has there
today, but we will be confronted with
Soviet tanks and nuclear missiles.
Mr. UTT. I thank the gentleman.
Mr. PILLION. I thank the gentleman
for his Interest. I know of his deep con-
cern with this same problem.
Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. PILLION. I am pleased to yield
to the gentleman.
Mr. STINSON. I certainly want to
commend the gentleman for exposing the
Communist threat in Haiti. I should like
to ask a question. Does the gentleman
have any idea as to what individual the
Communists will try to put in power in
Haiti Instead of President Duvalier?
Mr. PILLION. I would judge it would
possibly be this chap Dupress who is now
the top Haitian adviser of Castro in
Cuba. That is my best judgment. He
is a very active, very clever person. He
is now in Cuba carrying on radio broad-
casts to Haiti. I judge it might be he.
Mr. STINSON. I thank the gentle-
man.
A TRIBUTE TO EMANUEL CELLER
The SPEAKER pro temporte. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from New York [Mr. HALPERN] is
recognized for 5 minutes.
Mr. HALPERN. Mr. Speaker, kind
words of tribute to the Congressman from
my State's 10th District have been artic-
ulated In this great Chamber on the
event of his 75th birthday anniversary.
I should like to join in that refrain of
appreciation by my congressional breth-
ren and say that to this speaker it
has indeed .been a source of inspiration
and good fortune to have been able to
serve with such a congressional giant
as the gentleman from New York, Er+sAN-
um. CELLER.
It has been some 23 years now since
MANNY first befriended me. During the
course of those 23 years I have been par-
ticularly impressed by his fervency, his
cordiality, his incomparable ability, his
genuine humility, and his tremendous
political acumen.
For me, his continuing congressional
career serves as an indispensable inspira-
tion. Whenever I come face to face with
a crucial decision, I like to think of how
MANNY CELLER would act given the same
problem. Then the issue and the resolve
somehow come Into proper perspective.
The increasing majorities by which
MANNY has been returned to the Federal
City are more than tributes to his ability.
They are also votes of confidence for his
evinced courage of conviction and his
dedication to the prosecution of man's
inhumanity to his fellow man.
For 40 years he has been a leading con-
gressional friend of civil rights and a foe
of cant and bias in all forms. The Celler-
ian contempt for bigotry was perhaps
best characterized by the words of MANNY
himself when he wrote in his
autobiography:
I have no room In my heart for any tem-
perance toward the degradation or despoiling
of human dignity.
MANNY's legislative accomplishment
has had an everlasting impact on the
American political - scene, especially in
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A2997
marginal in such roles: their loiter time in
the intercept area is short; and they only
have the fuel to accelerate to supersonic
speeds for a very brief period and usually to
make only one pass on incoming aircraft.
Fighter ground attack operations present
an even more serious situation today.. Im-
provements in radar and anticraft missiles
make it necessary to attack defended targets
at very low altitudes and high speeds. Under
these conditions the range and time in the
air of any jet fighter, with even the smallest
wing, is extremely limited.
The new variable-sweep wing on the F-111
Is intended to overcome these critical de-
ficiencies in current fighters. It allows the
wingspan to be adjusted for maximum ef-
ficiency in all flight regimes. The wings will
be tucked back with minimum span during
on-the-deck supersonic attack. They will be
swept back about forty-five degrees during
supersonic action against other aircraft at
high altitude. And they will be extended
straight out to their, widest span for loiter,
high subsonic. speed cruise to a battle area,
or for ferry, and for -landing and takeoff.
Without the variable-sweep wing there
would be no chance for the F-111's perform-
ance to be significantly better than that of
current fighters. However, the mere Inclu-
sion of this device in the design does not
guarantee that its maximum benefits will be
realized.
The main additional requirement is for a
high fineness ratio fuselage-long and thin.
During supersonic attack at low altitude,
wave drag is extremely critical, as shown on
the curve at right. An aircraft with low
wave drag must have a long fuselage If It
is to-have enough internal volume and fuel
for long range and loiter time.
Originally the Air Force called for an ajr-
craft about 80 feet long with a fineness
ratio about 12. The Navy insisted on a
maximum length of 55 feet so the airplane
would fit- on every elevator in the carrier
force. An F-ill the size of the operational
A3J Vigilante (now called the A-5), some
70 feet long and weighing 72,000 pounds,
was not acceptable. The Navy's F-111 design
(fineness ratio between eight and nine),
would have had about three times the wave
drag and considerably less fuel capacity than
the Air Force's and was practically without
range on the aleck at Mach 1.2.
The compromise F-111 is around 63 feet
long, weighs about 60,000 pounds, and has
nearly double the wave drag, and much less
range at either low or high altitudes than
the Air Force proposal.
It is difficult at this juncture to under-
stand why the Secretary of Defense did not
exert his leadership in this area. Increas-
ing the F-111 length to nearly 80 feet would
not only have met the Air Force needs, but
would also have made it possible -to meet
and in most cases exceed the Navy's major
requirements for high loiter time, a large
radar dish, and large equipment and arma-
ment loads. And it is possible, if not ideal,
to move aircraft 80 feet long on the side-
deck elevators of most U.S. carriers.
Papa Will Fix
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROGERS C. B. MORTON
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Mr. MORTON. Mr. Speaker, those of
us in Congress who believe In fiscal re-
sponsibility know that. Increasing re-
quirements of ever-enlarging programs
must be met from our economic
growth-not at its expense. Efficient,
social legislation to serve all the people
can be realized on a pay-as-you-go
basis. A rational approach to spending
is necessary to alleviate the burden of
indebtedness to future generations and
ultimate ruinous Inflation,
I wish to commend to the Congress
the following editorial from the Salis-
bury Times, Salisbury, Md., which aptly
discusses Federal spending:
PAPA WILL FIX
Efforts by budget cutting Republicans
to hold down authorizations for Federal
spending were blocked twice by Democrats
last week.
The Senate Appropriations Committee re-
stored $50 million of $69.8 million sliced off
the Post Office budget by the House of Rep-
resentatives. This followed a preview by
Postmaster General Day of what he in-
tended to do if his Department was deprived
of any of its funds,
Previously, the Senate had rejected a cut
in the Kennedy administration's public
works program. The House had taken out
$200 million of a $450 million request, which
was restored in a party line showdown that
saw Southern conservatives lining up with
Northern spenders.
That is the issue-between spenders and
cutters. The Democratic Party is committed
to unrestrained spending. The Republican
Party has taken the position that spending
must be checked.. Democrats in the Senate
are taking it on themselves to kiss and make
well all Republican cuts.
Prospects for Republican success are dim.
But far dimmer are prospects for national
survival if spending cannot be held in a
realistic ratio to Federal income. The ulti-
mate issue is whether to go into national
bankruptcy, which would take place under
the equally frightening title, "runaway in-
Rollcall on Foreign Aid
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JAMES A. HALEY
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, soon we
will be called upon again to appropriate
funds for the so-called foreign aid pro-
gram. Many persons have come to the
realization that the program Is not effec-
tive as its proponents purport it to be.
On May 8, 1963, my friend, Mr. William
Rynerson, publisher and editor of the
Winter Haven News-Chief, printed an
editorial entitled, "Rollcall on Foreign
Aid.".
I have asked permission to place this
editorial in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.
I hope that each of my colleagues will
read this rllcall and be enlightened as
to how ineffective this program has been
In bringing freedom and stability to the
14 nations cited in the article.
The editorial follows:
ROLLCALL ON FOREIGN Ain
President Kennedy, in agreeing with the
Poet Milton in his foreign aid message to
Congress last month that: "Peace hath her
victories. No less renowned than was," add-
ed: "And no peacetime victory in history has
been as far reaching in its impact, nor served
the cause of freedom so well as the victories
scored in, the last 17 years by this Nation's
mutual defense and assistance programs."
Well, let's see-and before Congress votes
that bargain-basement figure of only $4.6
billion. The- survey that follows, compiled
by Brig. Gen. Bonner Fellers, national chair-
man of the Citizens Foreign Aid Committee
(to aid American taxpayers), forms another
message that every Congressman and Senator
should read. We quote:
"Western Europe has prospered with Mar-
shall plan aid. But after 17 years and $41
billion In U.S. aid, Western Europe meets
only a fraction of its defense obligation; ex-
cept for commercial loans, its aid to less de-
veloped countries Is negligible.
"Argentina. ($640 million aid), under .in-
direct military domination, suffers from in-
flationary chaos. '
"Brazil ($1.9 billion aid) Is on the brink
of communism.
"Cuba ($52 million aid) once enjoyed im-
mense sugar subsidy, has stolen $1 billion In
U.S. private investments; her Red satellite
status is now guaranteed.
"Haiti ($100 million aid) writhes under a
murderous tyranny.
"Indonesia ($670 million aid), her economy
wrecked, is an armed dictatorship bent on
conquest.
"India ($3.9 billion aid) probably faces
Red- Chinese attack,
"Iran ($1.3 billion aid) is a monarchy
without a parliament.
"Laos ($460 million aid) may soon fall to
Communists. -
"Poland ($522 million aid) is Communist
with all freedom gone.
"South Korea ($5.4 million aid) is ruled
by its third military junta.
"South Vietnam ($2.4 billion aid), ruled
by a puppet dictator, propped up by the
United. States, is racked by a Red guerrilla
war. -
"Turkey ($3.8 billion aid) is politically un-
stable and is economically weaker than be-
fore aid began. -
"Venezuela. ($274 million- aid), despite
prodigious oil wealth, is a major target of
the Russo-Cuban fifth column.
"Yugoslavia ($2.4. billion aid) is Com-
munist with all freedom gone.
"General Fellers noted that these add up to
$65 billion- and that the glowing reports to
Congress and the dismal facts were never in
sharper contrast. National self-respect, fully
as much as budget balancing, demands
healthy cuts in foreign aid. U.S.P.A"
President Kennedy Wants More Open
Windows in Red China
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
orr
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NM YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, some
weeks ago, I placed in the RECORD an arti-
cle by Victor Lasky about the Committee
for the Review of our China Policy.
In a letter to me, dated May 9, former
Representative Charles O. Porter, who is
the cochairman of this committee,
pointed out in a. release that "in 1960
President Kennedy, then Senator Ken-
nedy, called for more open windows be-
tween the peoples of China and the
peoples of the Western Nations" and that
his- committee wants "to help the Presi.
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A2998
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 14
dent open these windows." In order to
be fair, and at the request of Mr. Porter,
I include his letter to me of May 9.
I am overwhelmingly convinced that
any recognition of Red China would be a
tragic mistake, the President's personal
feelings to the contrary notwithstanding.
The letter follows:
THE COMMITTEE FOR A REVIEW or
OUR CHINA POLICY.
Eugene, Oreg., May 9, 1963.
Hon. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN.
House Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR STEVE: I just was sent a copy of the
April 23, 1963, REcoan, page A2395, with your
insertion of Victor Lasky's article about this
committee.
Lasky errs in several of his statements and,
if you want to keep the records straight. per-
haps you would Insert this letter in the Ap-
pendix.
Some of Lasky's errors:
1. He says that this committee which I've
helped to establish, namely, the Committee
for a Review of Our China Policy, In seeking
"to make U.B. policy more tolerant of Red
China." We seek more discussion of our
China policy. If that leads to what Mr. Lasky
calls "tolerance," we have to know what
Mr. Lasky means !Iy that word.
2. Mr. Lasky says that I told him that I
was the one who first proposed the show trials
that Castro staged. He is wrong. It was I
who told Castro, as we sat together at dinner
In February, 1959, to cancel the circus type
trials which he did on the next day.
3. Mr. Lasky says that mainland China is
now In very difficult straits, whereas, In fact,
the harvest this year Is beter than for a long
time. People like Mr. Lasky who have looked
forward to China dying on the vine or col-
lapsing Internally are not facing plain facts.
For your Information and, hopefully, in-
clusion in the Appendix, I'm enclosing a copy
of our first press release [not printed in
RECORD.]
I assure you that the purpose of our com-
mittee is not to brainwash anybody into be-
ing more tolerant toward China but rather
to encourage discussion Inside our Govern-
ment and outside our Government.
Sincerely yours,
CHARLrs O. PORTER.
Clarifying the Issue o
EX'T'ENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. BOB WILSON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF.REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14,1963
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker. un-
der leave to extend my remarks in the
RECORD, I include the following article
from the San Francisco Examiner of
May 5, 1963:
CLARIFYING THE ISSUE or CUBA
By Eric Sevarled)
Cuba may well be, as now predicted. the
prime Issue in the national politics of 1964.
But unless the Issue Is clarified far beyond its
present state It will be a rhetorical question,
not a question for true debate. Alternative
policies are required for true debate and all
we have on either side, so far, is attitudes.
With justice, the President has Insisted
that his critics show more precision in their
prescriptions for handling Cuba; but with
equal justice his critics can Insist on more
precision from the administration. What
we are now witnessing is a collision of two
fog banks. This never clears the air, In na-
ture or in politics; it merely produces fog of
double thickness.
How uncertain the future course, there
can be little uncertainty about what the lm-
mediate past has produced:
1. The Russians now possess a military,
political and propaganda base in the heart of
our area of security and Influence.
2. Their troops in Cuba constitute a "trip
wire," paralyzing to American action, as our
troops in Berlin constitute a trip wire there.
3. Cities and Installations of the U.B.
mainland are now open to damage by
conventional weapons, and have become,
therefore, in some degree hostage to Com-
munist purposes. Theoretically, at least, the
Russians could damage us by proxy, their
method elsewhere, without themselves being
directly Involved.
4. Castro's physical hold on the island Is
complete. with the underground movement
facing probable extinction.
6. The mass of Cuban manpower in exile
is now a blown instrument, a handicap
and thorn In our side, not a weapon for
our uses.
6. A foreign policy quarrel of serious pro-
portions is engulfing an administration
which has not yet found Its feet in the area
of Sts domestic policies and programs.
7. Once again, world communism has
succeeded in choosing the point of conflict
and crisis In the cold war, and once again,
as with South Korea or South Vietnam or
West Berlin or Laos, the locus of contention
Is inside the realm of the free world, not In
the Communist realm.
Whatever the precise degrees of blame to
be placed on American administrations, past
and present, or on Cubans, past and present,
the not result In as described above; and In
spite of the trade restrictions and the partial
efforts of the OAS at diplomatic isolation of
Cuba, no persuasive evidence has yet dde
veloped to justify optimistic assumptions
about the future effects of Castroism in the
Caribbean and In continental South
America.
At the moment Guatemala Is holding and
in Venezuela the local Communists have
been weakened and disorganized. But quick
reversals have been a hallmark of the vole
Me politics of Latin America, and it strains
credulity to assume that a general era of
stability is now beginning. For countries
like Peru and possibly Brazil, it Is hard to
convince oneself that tIle fundamental
forces for Integration are stronger than the
fundamental forces for disintegration. Latin
American Communists believe the contrary,
and are relatively quiescent right now only
as a matter of strategy, waiting for the time
when the United States will relax about
Cuba.
Wise and good men are reminding us that
a Communist Cuba Is not a mortal threat
to our vital Interests. In and of itself. of
course, It is not. But that opens, it does
not close, the argument.
A Communist Vietnam, or a Communist
Laos, or Indonesia, or Venezuela, or West
Berlin would not be mortal threats, tither-
In and of themselves and separately con-
sidered. But the Communist world strategy
of protracted conflict is a strategy of the
piecemeal advance. There are only so many
pieces on the board. With the capture of
Cuba they have taken a tremendously im-
portant piece. Dozens of Russian ships
would not be plying the Cuban trade and
thousands of Russian citizens would not be
turned out to cheer Castro, If the Kremlin
didn't think so.
Northampton-Smith Summer School
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE
07 MASSACHUSE'rS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, this year
will mark the third successive summer
of the Northampton, Mass., venture in
summer education with Smith College.
At a time when admission to college Is
so difficult, a school of this caliber offers
the young student an opportunity to
probe deeply into subjects of special in-
terest. It is an Important and mean-
ingful school and one which pioneered
in summer enrichment programs. It is
ably coordinated by Prof. Clifford R.
Bragdon of Smith College, one of the
Nation's outstanding educational au-
thorities and Mark S, Rand, a distin-
guished Government teacher at North-
ampton High School, who acts as prin-
cipal of the summer school. I would
like to include an editorial from the
Daily Hampshire Gazette, Northamp-
ton, Mass., May 10, in the Appendix.
NORTHAMPTON-SMTTH SUMMER SCHOOL
One of the undertakings sponsored jointly
by the city and Smith College which has en-
joyed great success Is the Northampton-
Smith Summer School, about to enter Its
third year.
Many young people in grades 6 through
12 have benefited from this carefully de-
veloped plan to provide assistance for those
in need of it, and an opportunity for
academic exploration for the more talented
students.
The deadline for the submission of applica-
tions to the principal of summer school Is
May 15, a scant week from now. The sub-
ject of attendance at the summer school has
been discussed in many homes. It is now
time for a decision on the part of parents.
What does the school offer? - That ques-
tion can be beat answered by direct quota-
tions from the pamphlet published for pro-
spective students. "Enrichment courses give
you a chance to explore a now field, go deeper
Into a subject of special Interest, add to
your grasp of a subject taken during the
regular school year," explains the brochure.
The remedial courses are described this way:
"Remedial courses offer you a chance to make
up ground you lost this year or a chance to
review a subject you need to strengthen In
order to move ahead successfully this com-
ing year."
Under the guidance of Prof. Clifford R.
Bragdon as coordinator, and. Mark S. Rand
as principal, the Smith-Northampton Sum-
mer School offers to young people Interested
In devoting 6 weeks to scholastic improve-
ment an opportunity not so readily available
in some communities.
Never have students found competition so
keen for admission to colleges, particularly
those which are the first choice of the ap-
plicant. There are students who will benefit
from a vacation from the books. But many
others, while not necessarily enthusiastic
over giving up 8 weeks of leisure or work,
will find that the investment may pay rich
dividends In the not too distant future.
It is a well-conducted school taught by
highly skilled Instructors. Northampton is
fortunate to be able to present such an
opportunity to her students.
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 8035
gress did not intend, by operation of
law, to deprive cancer victims of a drug
to keep them alive. In tests by . com-
petent medical men Krebiozen has either
prolonged life.or gave relief from pain
to hundreds such victims condemned to
death.
I am transmitting to the Congress,
with the utmost sincerity-of purpose, the
plea of these fellow Americans, that we
intercede in behalf of the victims of can-
cer and their relatives, and that these
victims be permitted to continue to re-
ceive Krebiozen, after the deadline of
June 6, 1963, under the provisions of
the recent law, and that the Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare pro-
ceed to test Krebiozen, toward the de-
termination of the issuance of a license
.for its manufacture and its use for ex-
perimental purposes.
The following telegram was received
by me last Saturday from Mr. Booth, of
New York City:
At 4 p.m. Tuesday, cancer survivors on
Krebiozen will bring their medical records
to a reception in the Senate Office Building.
All Congressmen are invited to attend. May
I respectfully ask you to be sure this invita-
tion is extended to the House of Representa-
tives at their next meeting.
[Mr. -WEAVER addressed the House.
His remarks will appear hereafter in the
Appendix.]
THE COMPETENCE OF LOCAL LAW
OFFICIALS IN BIRMINGHAM
(Mr. HUDDLESTON asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. HUDDLESTON. Mr. Speaker,
despite protestations of professional
racial demagogs and despite certain
horror pictures circulated in the news
media, I believe a majority of the citi-
zens of this country are aware of the
fact that, during the recent, unfortu-
nate incidents in Birmingham, the local
police force has acted in a consistently
commendable and competent manner.
Fake charges of brutality were uncovered
in a story in the Washington Star last
Friday when one of the many comedians
who flew into Birmingham to capitalize
on the situation was asked to show the
results of having his arm twisted and
pummeled, which he reported had been
done -by the Birmingham police. He
rolled up his left sleeve and was search-
ing for the mark when the reporter who
asked the question reminded him he had
originally indicated it was his right arm
which had been hurt. Similar reports of
brutality have proved to be equally
untrue.
As a matter of fact, I have been hear-
ing from citizens from around the coun-
try who recognize the truth of the sit-
uation and who have commended the law
enforcement officers on the scene in Bir-
mingham for the outstanding job they
are doing. I would like to read just one
of the communications I have received
from a citizen of this city, Washington,
D.C., whose praising assessment of the
situation is shared, I know, by many
other citizens from every part of the
United States. The letter, from Mr,
Bolling B: Flood, of 2740 34th Street NW.,
Washington, is as follows:
Hon. GEORGE HUDDLESTON,
,House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: As a citizen of the District of
Columbia, I look with great admiration on
the law-enforcement officers in Birmingham.
The fact that no fatalities or serious injuries
have resulted from the current racial unrest
is something any city in the world could be
justly proud of. If such a situation existed
here I would only hope that our law-en-
forcement officers could do as well as these
gallant men in Birmingham, Ala.
Sincerely,
BOLLINO B. FLOOD.
Mr. Speaker, throughout the past days,
in the face of the worst sort of provoca-
tion, including, as I reported to the House
last week, threats, epithets, spitting,
bricks, and all the rest, the local law-en-
forcement officers have proved them-
selves capable not only of keeping order
where potential chaos looms, but also
capable of an admirable restraint, sense
of duty, and emotional balance.
-It is precisely because the local law-
enforcement officers have, since the out-
set, been able to keep control of the
situation from those who, with their so-
called peaceful demonstrations have at-
tempted to incite discord and lawlessness,
that it was, in my opinion, totally un-
necessary for the President to order
troops to be sent to certain points in
our State. I urged the President, in my
telegram to him yesterday, to - reverse
his decision and I did so on two bases.
One, because I believe he lacks the con-
stitutional authority to employ Federal
troops under the circumstances, and,
two, because, to reiterate, the local law-
enforcement officers in Birmingham have
proved their unquestioned ability to
preserve order under the most trying cir-
cumstances.
I simply want the role of the Birming-
have police force and the other local law
officials to be made perfectly clear and
I want to publicly corn end them one
and all. A
F( POLITICAL CRISIS IN HAITI
Mr. SELDEN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, it must
surely be a source of Kremlin satisfac-
tion that a U.S. Government quick to
move Federal troops into Alabama has
been slow to react to the growing politi-
cal crisis in Haiti.
The crisis in Haiti now has reached a
dangerous climax. If our policy plan-
ners have indeed anticipated develop-
ments in Haiti, then the time has ar---
rived for our policy to be quickly imple-
mented by action. In short, we have
reached a time of decision unless the
tragedy of Cuba is to be repeated.
There is evidence-ominous evidence-
that forces are at work to convert Haiti
into the second Communist base in the
Caribbean. Certainly the conditions in
that unsettled country are ripe for Com-
munist purposes. And let there be no
doubt that Fidel Castro and the Krem-
lin's agents are ready, willing and ca-
gable of moving into any power vacuum
left open by indecision' and inaction on
the part of the free nations of the hemi-
sphere.
Immediate and firm action must be
taken by the hemisphere to fill the va-
cuum that will be left in Haiti by the
anticipated collapse-of the Duvalier gov-
ernment. If the Organization of Amer-
ican States does not respond effectively
to this need for action, the United States
cannot be bound by that Organization's
failure to meet its hemispheric responsi-
bilities.
It was failure of hemispheric leader-
ship that resulted in the establishment
of Castro's Cuba as the first Communist
base in the Americas. A similar failure
regarding Haiti will all but convert the
Caribbean into a Red Sea of the Western
Hemisphere.
To prevent this, the U.S. Government
must prepare to move, in force if neces-
sary, to seal off Hait from Communist
designs. This means we must give un-
equivocal warning to the Kremlin and its
Castro agents that any attempt to send
arms, agents, or equipment into Haiti
will result in a U.S. naval blockade, not
only of Hait, but of all the Caribbean
area. Wefare bound under hemispheric
agreement, as well as the interests of our
own national security, to take whatever
action is necessary to maintain Haiti as
a member of the inter-American system.
Nor can we overlook the menace of a
Communist takeover in Haiti from with-
in, on the Cuban pattern. Our policy
planners gravely misjudged Fidel Castro
and miscalculated the true meaning of
Castroism. Let bitter experience be our
wide now in calculating the intentions
of so-called Haitian agrarian reformers.
The hour of decision has struck for
Haiti. We must act quickly and firmly
so that future historians do not mark
this hour as one in which the free na-
tions of the hemisphere faltered and thus
allowed Haiti to become the second Com-
munist satellite of the Americas.
DOMESTIC LEAD-ZINC MINING IN-
DUSTRY MUST BE KEPT ALIVE
(Mr. ASPINALL asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks in the
body of the RECORD and to include cer-
tain tables and statistics.)
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, once
again a group of my colleagues and I
have embarked on a major and con-
certed effort to save the domestic lead-
zinc mining industries from extinction.
I hope that the approximately 40 Con-
gressmen representing lead-zinc-produc-
ing districts will support our effort at the
outset and that subsequently a majority
of the House will do likewise.
We have come to this body in the past;
and I think you know the basic facts
revolving around the deterioration of the
lead-zinc mining industry as a result of
imports of ores and metal in excess of
that which we think is the reasonable
share of the market that should be avail-
able to foreign production. Stated an-
other way, our case rests on the simple
proposition that if lead and zinc are
essential in time of emergency or possi-
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ble war-and I think everybody agrees
that they are-then it is imperative that
as a matter of national policy we keep
the domestic lead-zinc mining industry
alive during peacetime by assuring it a
fair share of the domestic market. We
then do not say that foreign trade should
be cut off and Imports excluded; on the
contrary, we recognize the place In for-
eign trade of lead-zinc imports but ask
for equitable treatment of our domestic
mining industry.
If this simple proposition is accepted,
the remaining question merely concerns
the determination of how the domestic
market should be apportioned and the
means most feasible by which to do so.
We think that the bill that we have co-
sponsored today presents a reasonable
solution by readjusting the existing
Yu mniary of lead-zinc stalislics since 1950
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1961------------- ?------------------------------
1962 ?-------------------------------------------
19623 -------------------------------------------
quotas covering imports of lead and zinc
quotas
to make them both realistic and flexible,
the flexibility being built in to guaran-
tee against undue restraints on foreign
trade.
In order to provide for Members gen-
erally necessary background that brings
us to this point, I am including, under
permission previously granted, tables of
pertinent statistical data.
Production stocks end period
111
Industrial
Employees
Total
employees
Average
Dutiable
Con-
at lead and
at primary
price per
Mine Secondary Total lead Con-
'
imports
sumptlon
zinc mines
and mills
smelting
and
pound
output lead metal Producers sumer,
refining
430,827
164
482,276
618,110
990.589
803
935
137,069
080
124
139,884
102.760
614,954
191,619
1,237,981
1,184,793
-----
______
-------
____________
13.206
17.500
368,
161
390
471
294
,
944,146
,
149,778
172, 530
614, 217
1,130,795
24,282
17,889
-
16.467
13
489
,
342644
419
326
,
486737
980
925
954.1
967.1+71
196,340
901,860
113,763
124,641
409,004
460,197
1,201,004
1,094,871
-
17,016
-
_
_----------'
.
14
16. 138
,
338,025
826
,
602,051
755
606
981,208
063
1
049
150,871
260
169
117.458
123,995
424,413
420,005
1,212,644
1,209, 209,717
__________
10,945
____________
17,168
16.014
352,
338, 216
,
489,229
,
.
1, 022, 762
943
871
,
207,012
316
303
129, 29,310
122
900
512,289
r 561
263
1,13& 115
986, 387
_
10, 500
641
12.102
267, 377
255,686
401, 787
451,387
,
741,318
,
230,828
.
126,490
,
347,117
1,091,149
1021
172
9,893
430
0
13,308
13
303
12.211
11.948
246, 6119
921
281
469, 903
742
452
852,339
902
357
306, 641
312,402
97.268
99.140
354, 211
354, 714
,
1:027,216
,
9.312
,
13,335
10.871
,
237, 386
,
440, ODD
,
820, 200
236, 547
90, 095
340,191
1,060, 700
(4)
(1)
-
9.63
1950--------------------------------------------
1951 --------------------------------------------
1952 ___-____
1953__.._-_
1954___-____ ?--------
---____. -----------------?-??---- - _?--
1955
1956-_-___-_
1957________ ?----?---?--------------------
1958--------------------------------------------
1959 __-_____
19623 ------- ' ----
1960 _______
---------?--------'-------------- -
1961--------------------------------------------
Production
Stocks end period
zinc consumption
Average
Period
Mine
Secondary
Total zinc
Fro-
Con-
'
Dutiable
imports
Stab
i
Ores eon-
Total
Price per
pound
output
zinc
metal
duress'
sumers
ne
t
secondary
623,376
60,970
910.437
8,884
901
21
64.206
60
071
394,153
285
618
967,134
933
971
383.367
392,111
1,350,501
1, 326, 082
13. 866
18. 000
681,189
VA 001
4& 657
55, Ii I
930. 290
959, 590
,
87,160
.
92,579
,
1599, 35
,
852.783
338, 865
56
462
1, 211, 648
342
369
1
16.21
10
85
647,436
71
52,875
043
68
968,980
870.
180,843
277
140
84,863
100. 544
053,832
630.639
985,927
819,812
,
3
299.268
,
,
1,180,692
.
10. 681
473,4
514,671
,
60,042
646
1,025, 73
,
, 979
40,
124, 644
1
342
527,679
127
0
1,119,812
520
1
008
349.268-
294
593
1, 469
1, 2233,593
12.29
13.49
642.340
735
531
72,171
401
72
1,065,737
059.277
1
G8
022
160. G60
.
88.342
,
81,958 63
,
,
935, 620
,
295,593
1,141
, 593
6
11.39
30
10
,
412, our,
,
46,808
,
877,651
190,71'7
93.009
428
102
36687,189
112
614
868,37
197 197
-950
273,838
179
322
2
1,142,1
5
1,278,618
.
11.44
425,303
435, 477
57,818
08, 731
866,484
868, 247
154,419
190, 810
,
G8, 1
'
,
501,890
24
,
877,884
931
213
,
281,054
268
276
1,158, 938
469
1
207
12.94
11.54
466,676
65,237
902,032
G23
9
0
172,686
181
513
782
93;
75
914
479,0
121
810
,
11013,949
,
332,360
,
.
1:346,309
11.5
605, 648
54, 906
4
,
,
,
,
I Import duties suspended Feb. 12, 1952, to June 24, 1952. The dutiable import 354,720 tons of lead and 520,960 tons of zinc.
figure includes 464,617 tons of load and 599,435 tons of zinc on the tree list. 2 Prot min available.
J Quotas effective Oct. 1, 1958, permit maximum annual Imports for consumption of
The foregoing statistics Illustrate a
few things. For one thing, It Is readily
seen that domestic consumption has not
made significant inroads in our stocks.
Coupled with this we have the fact that
domestic mines are capable of supplying
the quantity of ore necessary to produce
between 35 and 40 percent of the lead
metal and between 55 and 60 percent of
the zinc metal utilized annually within
the United States. Therefore, the in-
dustry and its friends in Congress read-
ily recognize and acknowledge that the
balance of the supply for both lead and
zinc must come from either reprocessed
or secondary metal or from foreign
sources.
Approximately 40 percent of our do-
mestic consumption of lead metal and
approximately 5 percent of our domestic
consumption of zinc metal is provided
from reprocessed or secondary sources.
This leaves a need to import approxi-
mately 20 percent of the lead metal con-
sumed in the United States and approxi-
mately 40 percent of the zinc. +
The problem arises from the fact that
in addition to the stocks that I men-
tioned a moment ago, our imports since
1950 have been sufficient to meet ap-
proximately 38 percent of our lead metal
requirements and approximately 60
percent of our zinc metal consumption
thereby contributing to the buildup of
additional excessive stocks which In
turn lead to lowered prices, decreased
domestic production, and closed domestic
mines. Parenthetically, I should like to
call the Members' attention at this time
to the fact that the assistance provisions
of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 are
not capable of being used readily by do-
mestic labor and industry with the ease
that some of you might expect.
A demonstration of this fact arises
from the closing of a zinc mine at Han-
over, N. Mex., by New Jersey Zinc Co.
The union representing the workers at
the mine petitioned the U.S. Tariff Com-
mission for assistance on the grounds
that, as announced by the company, the
mine had been closed because of import
competition. The Tariff Commission re-
jected the petition of the union for its
workers on the grounds that it had not
been demonstrated that import competi-
tion was the major cause of the mine
closure. Under permission previously
granted to extend my remarks, I include
at this point the Tariff Commission's
decision :
TARIFF COMMISSION REPORTS TO THE PRESI-
DENT ON ZINC WORKERS' PETITION FOR
ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE
The Tariff Commission today reported to
the President the results of Its Investigation
No. TEA-W-1, conducted under section 301
(c) (2) of the Trade Expansion Act of 1982.
The investigation was made in response to
a workers' petition for determination of eli-
gibility to apply for adjustment assistance.
The petition was filed with the Commission
on January 9. 1983, by the International
5
5
9
4
9
9
8
6
2
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 1963.
tional issue, and there is little time to
remedy the damage done.
THE PAN AMERICAN HIGHWAY
GROWS LONGER; MUCH WORK
REMAINS TO LINK ALASKA WITH
THIS INTERCONTINENTAL AR-
TERY
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, ear-
lier this year delegates to the Pan Amer-
ican Highway Congress drove from
Panama to the District of Columbia.
This historic event culminated with the
first meeting of the Congress in the
Nation's Capital.
On Monday, May 13, members of the
Senate Committee on Public Works and
members of the Howe Committee on
Public Works met in joint session in the
New Senate Office Building with dele-
gates to the Pan American Highway
Congress.
The near completion of the highway
uniting South, Central, and part of North
America comes as. a result of coopera-
tive venture of the United States and
other nations through which the road
crosses, the U.S. investment being two-
thirds of the cost. I consider the invest-
ment necessary and suggest that there is
much remaining to be done.
The Darien Gap in southern Panama
must be conquered and that program will
be funded as has the rest of the develop-
ment. There also is urgent need to. com-
plete all, of the highway. Alaska is a
part of the United States and the Pan
American Highway, properly, should ex-
tend from the north of the 49th State to
the southernmost extremity of Argen-
tina, thereby linking all of the Americas.
To do this there must be expansion
through Canada so that the North as
well as the South can merge and there
must be highway development within the
State of Alaska.
I was, therefore, gratified and pleased
to hear the remarks concerning the im-
portant work ahead made by the distin-
guished Senator from West Virginia, the
Honorable JENNINGS RANDOLPH, Who is
chairman of the Public Roads Subcom-
mittee on which I have the honor to
serve.
Senator RANDOLPH said, in part:
We can already perceive the time, as my
distinguished colleague. Representative FAL-
LoN, mentioned, of the final closing of the
Darien Gap. We can, Senator GRUENING,
look forward to the time when the Alaska
Highway will be completed; and all of us,
I am sure, can anticipate when certain na-
tional systems will be joined with the Inter-
American Highway. This monumental un-
dertaking will then connect Fairbanks in
Alaska with Tierra del Fuego at the south-
ern extremity.
Senator RANDOLPH termed the Pan
American Highway "a symbolic monu-
ment of our efforts to turn the tech-
nology of modern civilization to the
peaceful arts of trade and commerce;
and these will bind our national iden-
tities together-together in friendship,
together in security, and together in
progress, and together in faith."
During the joint session the Honorable
Tomas Guardia, Jr., of Panama, dele-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 7789
gate of his nation to the Pan. American completed the tour of the highway from
Highway Congress, delivered the re- Panama to Washington know that this 4,600
sponse of Pan American Highway Con- miles of road through seven countries is
gress to the two congressional commit- giving reality to the long-desired aim of
tees. Speaking in English, he too, in a hemispheric solidarity. Perhaps more than
message of friendship, noted the need to the protocols and the conferences of dip-
complete the highway. Senor Guardia our peopleeopless will link aid in between the es s oetabllishm s cb ent and
p establishment in
said, in part: a true sense of a community of respect and
However, the subject of paramount im- understanding, to which we all subscribe
portance for all of us in this meeting is the and, more importantly i think, to which we
discussion of the completion, the final corn- aspire.
pletion, of the great Pan American Highway We can already perceive the time, as my
which as you know when terminated will go distinguished colleague, Representative FAL-
from the top of Alaska down to the tip of LON, mentioned, of the final closing of the
South America at Tierra del Fuego, a dis- Darien Gap. We can, Senator GRUENING,
tance of some 20,000 miles. look forward to the time when the Alaska
An earlier speaker at the session was
Representative JIM WRIGHT, of Fort
Worth who recently inspected the work
underway on the Darien Gap and else-
where along the highway in Central
America. Representative WRIGHT, dis-
tinguished Texan, spoke to the delegates
in Spanish. He pointed out that high-
way development must be a mutual pro-
gram if it is to work. Because of the im-
portance of his speech I asked Congress-
man WRIGHT for an English translation
which could be shared by all of the Con-
gress.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that portions of the remarks by
Senator RANDOLPH and Delegate Guardia
and the full text of the address by Rep-
resentative WRIGHT be reprinted in the
RECORD at the close of my speech.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
BREWSTER in the chair). Without ob-
jection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, there
were many highlights at the Monday
session.
Senator CARL HAYDEN was honored by
the Pan American Highway Congress for .
his wonderful and continuing support of
highway development, and special com-
ment on Senator- HAYDEN's efforts in this
important area was made by Senator
SPESSARD HOLLAND, of Florida, who has
served on the Public Works Committee
and now is a member of the Appropria-
tions Committee.
Mr. President, I will not attempt to
describe fully the program on Monday
over which the chairman of the Senate
Public Works Committee, the Honorable
PAT MCNAMARA, of Michigan, so ably pre-
sided. We are making great strides in
linking the nations of the Western
Hemisphere. We will build on this strong
foundation an economy and friendship
hi
w
ch will, I trust, inspire other areas in
our world to emulate.
EXHIBIT I
REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE JENNINGS RAN-
DOLPH, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF
WEST VIRGINIA, AT THE U.S. SENATE COM-
MITTEE ON PUBLIC WORKS AND HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC
WORKS JOINT MEETING WITH THE PAN
AMERICAN HIGHWAY CONGRESS, MONDAY,
MAY 13, 1963
Mr. Chairman and delegates to the Ninth
Pan American Highway Congress, this is in-
deed a high moment for all of us. Tharp
Highway will be completed; and all of us, I
all
sure, can anticipate when certain na-
tional systems will be joined with the Inter-
American Highway. This monumental un-
dertaking will then confect Fairbanks in
,Alaska with Tierra del Fuego at the south-
ern extremity.
So, the Pan American Highway is a monu-
ment in the most fundamental sense of the
word. It is a symbolic monument of our
efforts to turn the technology of modern
civilization to the peaceful arts of trade and
commerce; and these will bind our national
identities together-together in friendship,
together in security, and together in prog-
ress and together in faith.
REMARKS BY HON. TOMAS GUARDIA, JR., DELE-
GATE OF PANAMA, ON BEHALF OF THE PAN
AMERICAN HIGHWAY CONGRESS
Mr, Chairman and Members of Congress
of the Joint Public Works Committee, and
members present of the Appropriations
Committee, fellow delegates and ladies and
gentlemen, in following the precedent of
Congressman WRIGHT, I shall endeavor to
speak to you in the rich, forceful, ever-grow-
ing English language, which I have been
trying very hard for many years to master.
I humbly hope that I do as well as he did.
Mr. Chairman, I am deeply honored to
have been chosen by my fellow delegates to
the Ninth Pan American Highway Congress
to address this august chamber on this im-
portant occasion. We bring you our warm
greetings and those of our Governments and
people. We also bring you our best wishes
for the success of your delicate legislative
efforts, and for your personal well-being.
We have been meeting here in this beauti-
ful city of Washington for the past week and
will be meeting for a few more days in con-
nection with the sessions of the Ninth Pan
American Highway Congress. Many im-
portant subjects pertaining to the highway
development in all its phases, and its allied
subjects, su6h as tourism, transit, and
others, are being discussed by the leading
authorities which have been set by their
respective Governments to r
r
ep
esent them
at this meeting,
However, the subject of paramount im-
portance for all of us in this meeting is the
discussion of the completion, the final com-
pletion, of the great Pan American Highway
which as you know when terminated will
go from the top of Alaska down to the tip
of South America at Tierra del Fuego, a
distance of some 20,000 miles. The dilibera
tions will be resolved, and resolutions will
be transmitted as recommendations to the
Governments of the member countries to
the Congress, and many good things will
come of it.
As far as the Pan American Highway is
concerned, it may be well to make a short
review of its present status. All of us in
this room a___... _._
would be that this is the first time that the
e -le %u 1926 when men of ears since that date
Pan American Congress has held its ses- Santiago, Chile, and proposed the great vision met at
sions in the Capital City of the United States. tton of an international highway oto t join
Those of us in this room who have recently the countries of the Americ s.
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 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240026-8 May 1 4
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
c
mon
a
ward
ether
ring to
THE Highway is when it formsrthe goal, weaexotend ourghand and offer to you our
RETEXS, BEFORE R A EJOINT MEETING WRIGHT, OF
for the ribs and arms and legs that hearts. n I /
-. I. i
s
TIVES 63 PUBLIC WORKS COMMITrEE. MAY 13, maAc a j__
19
1983 of a tree which bears fruit only when Ilmbs FFSHOR,E U LAN FISHERMEN
it
d f
.
rom
Our esteemed friends, fellow laborers in and branches have sproute
It is encouraging to observe that you have OUTNUMBER RUSSIANS IN CUBA
the sometimes thorny vineyards of de- made progress to exploring the means for Mr BARTLETT. Mr. President, up to
mocracy, and builders fellow of roads dsnt to of progress, new world, assuring continuous maintenance through 1 year ago, the United States had be-i
t is In- and builgress,
ou some Inter-American institution. i t- come accustomed to seeing Soviet fishing
deed a great pleasure for us to welcome e you
to Washington and to this historic capital mately it may may be necessary to create a uni- essels in the North
we regard as a citadel of freedom for all men, forme system of revenues paid by those who V Atlantic and Bering
and to this committee room of the Congress use and profit from the road. Perhaps ulti- Sea. This Soviet fishing activity dated
where upon the anvils of debate and mu- mateiy it system of road user taxes can be back several years. But Russian fishing
tual agreement have been forged links in derived from gasoline and fuel and from activity off our coast has increased
the chain of our Nation's progress. those businesses which provide tourist ac- dramatically month, by month during
It is a high endeavor which you pursue in commodations. and a portion of this could the past year. It began last summer, at
your meetings here. The Pan American remain in each country for the building of approximately the same time Russia was
Highway stands as a towering monument to needed secondary roads, and a portion de-
the ability of freemen to work together. voted to a system of uniform maintenance moving into Cuba. At that time Soviet
When finally it shall be completed and one and preservation of the Inter-American vesselsenteehd eelO if of AlaskRussiana the
ribbon concrete will connect tundra Alaska
sphere from the tee-locked d tundra of Alaska a The last link In this highway remains to sell sighted-some engaged, intention-
to of forged. The brooding jungles of the ally or otherwise, in destroying our crab
will the southernmost tip sign the Americas, it Darien will one day be crossed, and the na- gear close to Kodiak Island. They ap-
c with the tions of our hemisphere connected. It will lOaehd within 30 miles of Cordova.
ill rate to historical rk b which Ad
der the treat c network by wMn In his cost money and time and effort, but the p'
day the Great feat of engineering Asia Minor his Darien is a treasure house of opportunity Alaska. An advance exploratory guard
day, and as a feat b nginysting magnitude and a new frontier which can yield both land of several vessels was sighted later off
whi h the the elaborate system oconnected cand resources for the teeming populations the Coasts of Oregon and Washington
which e Roman Empire first of the central section of our hemisphere. State.
Europe. It Is not an easy matter for the Congress Dm. the same time a parallel ad-vision, the people per" When a Americas said. .Where there highway no
for the to levy heavy taxes upon our own people to ing Americas fl stun proposed, many met the finance needed expenditures to other coun- Vance was being made in the Atlantic.
proposal with scorn and derision and said tries. Each of us In the Congress must sat- As many as 160 Soviet ? vessels were
that it could never be done. For more than isfy his own conscience that such expends- sighted off the North Atlantic coast last
30 ears men of vision, of good will, and of Lures are wisely directed In necessary and year. Last fall, after the Oregon and
useful pursuits. But our people are deeply Washington State sightings, Soviet ves-
good work have been proving them wrong. interested In the future of your countries, were reported off the mid-Atlantic
They have overcome barriers, both poysihas We believe that the future of this hemisphere States and several moved along the coast
had say t It, to push tare of near of this Is Indivisible. We believe that your future St the and sever l far moved alo s the coast
highway Mile It, present stale of through moon- and the realization of your aspirations are Of as south .
tain. Mite es tortuous mile, ter. and moun- desert, Inseparably connected with our own future This development Coincided with the So-
this this ]uwork k ha,rock. mud, progressed until wntil and today y the y and with the future of free men everywhere. viet announcement that a fishing base
has The future of democracy itself depends was being established for Soviet fishing
goal Is of a completed Pan American Highway upon all of us in this hemisphere to demon- operations off Cuba. Our consulate in
the strate that free men, working together In Veracruz reported in January of this
whose within light. Those t you whose dreams,
wtoll, whose sweat have gone this dignity and individual liberty, can year that several Soviet vessels have been
design, r heartiest and building of to congratulations. road d accomplish more than slavemen under the
planning,
deserve serve our whip of an authoritarian and autocratic operating In the Gulf of Mexico, using
S-fla it y not a m l e pause for Idle and government. Ours Is the mutual tradition of the t of
advance for lf- Lion. Both across the Gulf of Mexico
eth of complacent portunities ungrasure re- - men who would rather die on their feet than
Lion. Bobstacles and opportunities on their knees. early this year completed the encircle-
lle projtheect Our heritage in this New World, is a meat--all intentionally or otherwise
m be fulfil to Its o al purp. To make this
beet that its total purpose will challenge common heritage. The legacy of Miguel timed with tdangerous and daring
best r one s in us. Hidalgo, Simon Bolivar. Jose San Martin, timed to with the
doubt that jointly need to George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abra-move Cilba.
For onthing, our nations
de assured beyond doubt dour mutual ham Lincoln, and Franklin D. Roosevelt Is Estimates have varied as to the num-
investment wip o protected. My Nation the same. They dreamed the same dreams. her of Russians immediately off our coast million in thage portion Invested o of 1 the the highway 4178 known as as the e They thought the same thoughts. They in Cuba, which lies approximately 90
In worked for the same things, fought for the miles off the tip of Florida. The official
Panamabetween the Texas same things. lived and died for the same estimate has been that there are approxi-
nter-American I border and d C he In Highway
hodrder unstintingly Your nations ideals.
assist in The Alliance for Progress has raised hopes m17,500 in Cuba, including troops
have given unstiof their treasure would and mately 17, Clang.
this effort. Just as no man would throughout the whole hemisphere: But it
incest in a home for his family only to let remains for us. working together, to give Estimates vary also as to the number
it deteriorate and fall apart for want of flesh and blood to the skeleton program for of Russians in fishing vessels off our
m Its no Intelligent people would put It to live and breathe. Unless It is a mutual Coast. The most conservative estimates
ainte, Its s we wealth Into a highway only to see it program. yours as well as ours, It will not would place the number of Russians in
immediately off our coast
deterorate, work. The amount of money which my fishing vessels the
6d to the the great unrivaled s potential which for country will be able to devote to loans and
good to the people of your nations which this s grants will not be nearly enough unless it at a figure comparable to the 17,500 esti-
realized until Itf can the adequately stimulates other private investments and mate regarding Russians in Cuba. But,
of t roads ot in basis each for of a os your public reforms. It to like a small seed which Mr. President, it is agreed that the figure
talilonal ed until network it forms
c the forester plants in the ground. and from is likely to far exceed the number of Rus-
countries. It can grow a huge tree. But the tender sians in Cuba and could be as high as
The time must come when no longer will sapling must be watered and cultivated, and 30,000. It is estimated that at least 360
entire live their lives In Isolation be from th t only your countries can do that. Russian fishing estimated have been off our
to live their Yell in solation countrymen. their that the progress which we are mast during sh the vessels
ySome of the
he
neighbors and fellow arom tseparated tee hone ns of a flthe past st year. ea and geography from the tiyo which all l of to the help npio a united tnew nste will be that Sr- floating Soviet ting cannery mothee , ships, such as their
by distance an
range be-
the fulfill great They too have a de eke to which ate. We that I-
the culture and economy great contributions ytof every moue country -good will can be participate. aof only with the few. tween 12,000 and 16,000 tons and carry
ag but with the many. We hope that It will ~X toffs 6Woe r40 lWOrd War
in our r hemisphere. isphere. . Roads alone can n bring
to them the 20th century with its new op- reach to the most humble homes and warm cruiser. size Our, Russian tar I
portunittes for development, friendship. eco- the hearts of the most humble citizens of hers eavy are usually However,
the r2,000 to , 3, tr ton
Inom lc sufficiency and self-realization. Sec- our hemisphere with mutual aspirations. World War II
nte ry roads must one day connect with the t hope that this andl greith m- Class, comparable to our
Inter-American H Highway like ke blood vessels achieved in harmony y and peace,
with the main artery. The Inter-American dividual liberty and national self- determina- destroyers.
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 1 U ? O CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
7991
Incidentally, we have no fishing ves- will be reminded that their Government for only 5 years, with the Federal Gov-
sels of the size of the smaller Russian "is not wholly forgetful of their interests. ernment contributing 75 percent of the
vessels, to which I have referred. . Mr. BARTLETT. The Senator knows needed research funds, some of which
Mr. President, .we know that the Soviet that there is a separate ri'aval district woud go into physical facilities, and the
Union requires no sharp distinction be- within Alaska-the 17th Naval District, States would make available 25 percent.
tween its military and its economic ac- based at Kodiak. He likewise knows That would be an extension of the co-
tivities. In fact, an effort is made by that the entire Navy available to the operative effort between the Federal
the Soviets to make its aggressive eco- admiral commanding consists of one Government and the State governments,
nomic and military actions complement landing barge. which h proved each other-we are faced with both an So I would wholeheartedly agree with in ever so many fields. ctical and useful
economic and military engagement. him that it would not be out of order for Mr. GRUENING. Is it not also a fact
Soviet military submarines help the a fighting ship of the Navy to serve in that since these great advances in the
Soviet fishing fleet by identifying fish those waters now and then.
concentrations. We cannot but expect Mr. GRUENING. The fact is that the curr dcain a other nations, notably oc in
the Soviet fishing fleet has as at least admiral who is stationed there has the Russia, the position of the United States
part of its mission something other than pretentious titles of Commandant of the among the great fisheries nations has
that of catching fish. I relate this not Alaska Sea Frontier; in addition to the dropped very sharply?
for the purpose of warning that the pres- title of Commandant of the Seventeenth Mr. BARTLETT. Certainly that is
ence of Russian fishing vessels in inter- Naval District. However, actually, judg- true-and lamentably so. For example,.
national waters.off our coast present an ing by the vessels under his command, last year our country, which used to have
immediate and serious military threat. his naval forces are scarcely greater one of the prime fishing efforts of the
Those responsible for our defense un- than those of an "admiral of the Swiss world, was in a sad fifth position, and
doubtedly are aware of this major shift Navy."
of emphasis and realize the military sig- Mr. BARTLETT. Yes; that is cer- a was by ,
w a outranked nat only leading Jhing which
nation,
nificance of having Soviet operational tainly a fair description of what his but also by Peru, Red China, and Soviet
units of this magnitude deployed at all duties are and have been for a number Russia. So our country is now in a sad
times immediately off the strategic coast- of years, in terms of the availability of fifth place. However, that is not the
line of the United States. I might add Navy fighting ships. of we
this deployment of fishing vessels is fre- Mr. GRUENING. The senior Senator som oretthi ng this non- -not in: the next Unless dec ec do
quently considerably closer than the 90 from Alaska has introduced a very ex- but noade,
mile Cuban stretch, and is at times with- cellent bill which is designed to_ ive a even to brag that
but right that t we re shall in fifth not po able
in 20 to 30 miles off our coast. little assistance to our fisheries, in line Instead shall be so far the list
I do believe that the day may come with the things he has pointed out, in that those who compile b far down the list
when our military and defense interests whatever way each recipient State deems botherto Include the States in
may require a reconsideration of extend- best, particularly as a result of the Rus- the statistical figures which are compiled-
ing our territorial waters in respect to Sian fishing activities, it is a rather at the close of each fishing year.
international fishing rights. I know that striking fact, a pathetic paradox, is it Mr. GRUENING. Is not there some-
some action similar to this may be re- not, that while we are helping 18 foreign thing of a paradox also in the fact that
quired to protect our economic fishing in- countries-with our taxpayers' dollars- our country is preparing to spend mil-
terests. From the joint communique is- rehabilitate their fisheries; there may lions of dollars to send a man to the
sued by President Kennedy and Prime be some difficulty in getting this desir- moon before Russia does, if we can,
Minister Lester Pearson, I gather that able bill passed by the Congress. Can whereas our country overlooks the pres-
Canada may soon come to the same posi- my colleague explain the strange dis- ent necessity of doing something right on
tion. From reports, I' gather that an parity and the strange dual standard this earth and in the waters of the earth
extension .of the territorial waters of a which seems to exist in that respect? to enable
number of European countries
tween members of the Common Market,
the European Free Trade countries, Ice-
land, the Irish Republic and Spain.
I wish I could forecast a brighter day,
or a withdrawal of this Soviet threat,
but this would be misleading. I actually
anticipate an acceleration of Soviet fish-
ing activity immediately off our shores.
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, will
my colleague from Alaska yield?
Mr. BARTLETT. I am glad to yield
to my colleague from the great sover-
eign State of Alaska.
Mr. GRUENING. First, I commend
my colleague for his calling attention-
and it is not-the first time he has done
so-to the encircling menace of Russia-
encirclement in the military sense, and
I think I may say, since they have gone
into deep sea fishing, their offensive in
depth. This is a ,very serious problem,
both militarily and economically.
I wonder whether the Senator does not
share the view that the Department of
Defense should recognize the presence of
R
i
uss
an ships in Alaskan waters by the
permanent stationing of an American
reference to the situation described by moving ahead of us~ssia which now are
my colleague, and also in reference to Mr. BARTLETT. I think so. I had
another situation. Let me say that this three interesting hearings on this bill to
afternoon i attended a hearing con- provide a relatively small amount for
ducted under the leadership of our good fisheries research. We had scientists
friend, the senior Senator from Alabam
c
a
ome from all over the country to be-
[Mr. HILL], on matters having to do seech that the bill be passed; They told
with the National Institutes of Health, of the need for it. We had wonderful
to which the Government of the United testimony from my colleague from
States is now making available, every Alaska, who now is engaging in-this de-
year, hundreds of millions of dollars for bate with me, and also from the Senators
research. In my judgment, this money from Massachusetts [Mr. SALTONSTALL
has been well spent. In fact, this after- and Mr. KENNEDY], and from Governor
noon some thrilling testimony was re- Peabody, of Massachusetts, who came to
ceived, from doctors associated with the the hearing to make a special plea that
universities and doctors in private Congress do something about this matter,
practice, illustrating how much good not next year or later on, but right now.
has been accomplished by the expendi- Personally, I believe this is when it
ture of these Federal grants, and relating must be done, if it is to be effective. But
to the progress which has been made this alone will not be sufficient. We
in eliminating diseases in certain cases, must also take other steps, simultane-
and in curbing the devastation wrought ously, if we are to be restored to our
by others. former position, and if we are to make
Although since this morning i have protein available on a continuing basis
come to the conclusion that the views to our people, and if we are to occupy
of my colleague and my views on this the place in reference to the fishing in-
matter do not reflect the unanimous dustry that we are entitled to occu
fo
Viewpoint
-
_ _
1_
f th
py
r
o
1
I
is
sure the people of Alaska that they are paratively smalls sum requested in this that tomorrow e orning,oa t 11 o'clock,
a part of the United States, so.that they bill for research for the fisheries all over there will be shown in the auditorium of
will see not only the flags of Russian the country-only between $5 million the New Senate Office Building a motion
fishing vessels and of other nations, and and $6 million a year, and to continue picture showing the presence of foreign
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7992
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 14 whic fishing fleets off the North Atlantic same committee in behalf of the Presi- . ginnnin~g o Catch arger wpr gra great ch ww ill
coast, and with-as I understand- dent's education bill. up h the r
special emphasis on the presence there it Is a rater depressing fact to real- of fisheries In Russia, Red China, Japan,
of Russian fishing vessels. The film is lie that whe the President sent up his and elsewhere.
but
being made available by the junior Sen- vamagnificent rious omnib bill. the field pointing educationto the my Mr. BmRT~T s not I hope so. too, height opti
at the NE
KEw-
tor D from Massachusetts [Mr.
including elementary education, second- as it was 24 hours ago.
Commerce ;and the Chairman of the Senate try educati n, vocational education, I appreciate the expression of concern
ommegco Committee, the Senator from and university education and assistance by the Senator from Alaska over this
LMr. J, al- Wr sent ashington all embers bsof t hSs at of all kinds-all needed for education- urgent problem. Working together,
letter inviting all Mthem to of be the Sen present ate at probably only a small part of that pack- those of us who know of it can do some-
aeady
the shthe to- age will be enacted, and yet we see all thing about It,
showing of thfilm at 11 ass.. tx- those activities which he prescribed for i see in the Chamber the senior Sena-
teded invitation is also
morrow. r That
the American people being carried on tor from Michigan [Mr. MCNAMARAI.
staffffs s ea and to to the the members m attaches of f the e Senate. with our taxpayers' dollars in more than The bill to which we are referring would
s 60 foreign countries. fit exactly the perilous straits into which
Mr. Gn the Se I
nate will hope attend. Does not my friend think that is the Great Lakes fishery finds itself, be-
everyone in the will . it something the Congress should awake cause the sea lamprey has devastated
have seen a grSeapalc demonstration of to and provide at least equality of treat- the whitefish and the trout. We need
h ment and opportunity to American citi- more money for research so that that
technical development of he the highly freezer ships, and and it Is bot t
impressive and a frightening Is t demon- - zens compared with what we are assur- great fishery can be revived.. Admittedly.
mpnd Ing to those In foreign countries? the bill under consideration would not
stratiop Mr. BARTLETT. I do, of course. I make available all the money that is
In speaking ar some of zhese pared remember a few years ago being in Be- needed. It would provide a start and
make which alarm and dazzle us and ward, Alaska, where great new discov- help. For that reason, as well as for
make us wonder why we not do to cries of shrimp had recently been made. many other reasons, I hope that before
taro a I hing which obviously sseem
h strange to be The people involved desired very much to the present session is over, the bill will
conir "t wish point out our have a biologist who was technically become Jaw so the State governments
contrast has m the and expenditures continues to ce competent on such problems to come to and the Federal Government can work
make in has made had con Alaska. and not one could be sent be- together in that area.
food mode from the he behalf land-and ae those I have ve n n produce cause they were all abroad on loan to
who countries.
objection to such expenditures-and foreign Mr. GRUcountries. That is a very corn- RECESS UNTIL 10 A.M. TOMORROW
the funds oho produce mon experience. I remember when I ap- Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, in
the t privies those wh o
meat from the sea-a bared before the Committee on Public accordance with the order previously en-
reservoir, thg It vast, untapped
ern stand in
vast and, although it will not remain o ou troad situation. expert that recess move
and untapped, so far we are con- The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 urma ahead, if we e allow other nations to get oebuild desired
the odd to been sent Mandalay yBmade o'clock and 15 minutes pm.) the Senate
Mr. ahead of us.ARTLE famous by Kipling's verse and song. took a recess, under the order previously
ive Furthsary that we we
lieve it imperatively necessary th Mr. BA$TLET'T. Attractive as Man- entered, until tomorrow, Wednesday,
do something about these food resources dalay might be to someone who had read May 15. 1963. at 10 o'clock a.m.
of the oceans. As has already been the poem and who had been inspired by NOMINATIONS
stated here a day or two ago by our it, still duty here might necessarily come
friend, the Senator from Washington first. There Is a pressing need for more Executive nominations received by the
in May 14 (legislative day of May
They coming efrom t the fisheries.
rep was taken ken when very the great President ap- forward biologists
step
pointed former Senator Benjamin A. very small numbers. 13),1963:
rrrx ARbrY
Smith, of Massachusetts, to represent The Senator referred to the educa-
the United States at the forthcoming tionaf program of the President. That The following-named officer to be placed
negotiations with Japan and Canada fits In with that situation exactly. be- on the retired list in the grade Indicated un-
concerning the North Pacific Fisheries cause we must have skilled technicians der she provisions . of title 10, United States
Treaty. It Is my understanding that in every walk of life if we are to com- 82 be general
Senator Smith will hold the rank of Am- pete in these perilous days. Stanle bassador. and will report directly to the Mr. GRUENING. In connection with of tGen, he United St txsel(major 0168 Army
White House. We could not have a the shrimp industry, it is a depressing
The following-named officers under the
more skilled or more able or more fact that we are, instead, spending large Army).
knowledgeable man heading our sego- sums of money abroad in promoting the provisions of title 10, United States Code,
tiating team, and I am sure that the shrimp fisheries of foreign countries. In section 3066, to be assigned to positions of
word of his appointment has brought many cases we are building up foreign importance and responsibility designated by
cheer and comfort to" scores of thou- industries with lower labor costs than the President under subsection (a) of section
sands of fishermen throughout the land. ours, and which then compete rises- 306 In grades follows:
Hawkins Howze.
Mr. GRUENING. I agree with my trously with ours. That is happening In Lt. , Army of the united s(ma]or
colleague; it is a wonderful appoint- many fields Increasingly. I consider it oi 01ao36088, U.S. Aof th In the grade States
genera. general, went. If Senator Smith had done folly. Maj. Gen. William Childs Westmoreland,
nothing else during his devoted service Mr. BARTLE'iT. I assure my friend 020223, Army of the United States (briga-
in the Senate but deliver his great from Alaska that I, as a member of the dier general. U.S. Army), in the grade of
speech on the problems of our fisheries Committee on Commerce, having iis- lieutenant general.
and on the things which need to be done tened to thousands of words of testi- appointment The f of on -name dArm9 rsfor to porary
to solve those problems, that speech mony on that vital subject, could not be a ses the grades indicated, under the
alone would have made his Senate serv- more convinced that we must act afiir'm- tatesions of title grades United States Code, p 10,
ice notable and unforgettable. atively, and that we must act soon in the sections 3442 and 3447:
Mr. BARTLETT. I agree. national interest. To be major generals
Mr. GRUENING. I would say fur- Mr. GRUENING. I hope that the Sen- Brig Gen. John Farnsworth Smeller.
they, in connection with my colleague's star's modest but important fishing 019416. U.S. Army
statement that earlier in the day he ap- bill-modest because of the Senator's Brig. Gen. George Vernon Underwood, Jr.,
pears before a committee headed by the knowledge of the fact that it is always 020679, Army of the United States (colonel,
distinguished senior Senator from Ala- difficult to get something through for the U.S. Army).
bama. Tomorrow morning I intend to United States, but easy to get something Brig. Gen. Beverley Evans Powell, 020237,
appear before a subcommittee on that for those abroad-I hope will be the be- U.S. Army.
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 Approved ONGRegg?& 4LOWJ~6ib--RDXPR 8000200240026-8 May 14
A3020
This 88th anniversary of Rumanian na the people in the captive nations. Congress V. Shannon, of the New York Post, ap-
tional independence presents an appropriate thus put itself on record as opposed to a peared in the April 11, 1963, issue. I
opportunity to review U.S. policy toward status quo with despotism and rejected the think it deserves the attention of the
the captive nations and to raise several bankrupt concept of containment and its Members of the House, and therefore in-
pertinent questions about it. fancy dressed cousin political evolution. Appendix of the RECORD
To begin with it appears as though we It is fair to question who makes U.S. Chide it in the CUBA. Appendix E
have two policies toward the_ captive na- policy toward the Russian Empire. Is it
tions. President Kennedy or the Russian beach- (By William V. Shannon)
The first is that enunciated by President head in the Department of State? Our The Kennedy administration's rupture with
Kennedy in numerous public statements of Constitution says President Kennedy is re- Jose Miro Cardona, coming on the second
policy-at the United Nations, in reply to a sponsible for setting that policy-that is the anniversary of the mismanaged Bay of Pigs
1 decide ever v , f d feat
e
e
e Y
i
in his state of the Union messages and in
numerous other ways. That policy, briefly
stated, is support for the universal applica-
tion of the principle of national self-deter-
mination and opposition to all forms of co-
lonialism and imperialism. President Ken-
n'edy, in his address before the United Na-
tions, called for free and unfettered plebi-
scites in all quarters of the globe. He chal-
lenged the Russian imperialists to a debate
in full on the issues involved. The Russians
of course backed down from the challenge
because their position as the world's leading
imperialists is well known to all informed
people. Nevertheless, President Kennedy
has continued to stand up for justice and
freedom for all nations and peoples. The
public record is clear on this point.
The second policy is that being manipu=
lated by the Department of State, rather I
should say certain people in the Department.
That policy is the same old bankrupt con-
tainment concept, dressed up in the fancy
new phrase of political evolution. That
policy holds that any action taken by the
United States to support the aspirations of
the now Russian nations behind the Iron
Curtain for freedom and national independ-
ence will cause world war III. They argue
the Russians will not give up any of their
colonies without a fight. This leads to the
obvious conclusion there is nothing we can
do but accept as permanent the enslavement
of Rumania and the other captive non-Rus-
sian nations. And that conclusion has led
to an acceptance of a status quo with the
Russian Empire-which the Russians refuse
to accept because they have set upon a
course to conquer the world. The evidence
of failure of that constant and covert policy
of the "Russian experts" in the Department
of State are to be seen. on all sides-in Laos,
in India, in the Middle East, in Tito's Yugo-
slavia, and more lately in Cuba. The Rus-
sian imperialists cannot be "contained" and
they will not evolve into civilized people.
I have long maintained that the covert
Russian beach head on American foreign
policy established in the Department of
State is a greater threat to the security of
the United States than is imperial Russia.
That entrenched group of Russia firsters
have tied a Gordian Knot on our moral and
political principles-paralyzing our Govern-
ment from taking any meaningful political
action against imperial Russia. They are
more dangerous to our survival than 200 Red
military divisions. The war in which we
are engaged is not being fought by classical
military methods-It is a political fight, an
ideological fight in which all the powerful
weapons in our American political arsenal are
either outlawed or made inoperative.
Permit me to point out that Congress as
the direct voice of the people has made its
position clear with regard to the captive
nations. That position is set forth in Pub-
lic Law 86-90, the Captive Nations Week
resolution. As is well known, that resolu-
tion makes crystal clear the political reali-
ties of the war in which we are engaged.
It names imperial Russia as the enslaver of
nations and the only threat to world peace.
It finds that the aspirations of the people
in the captive nations for freedom and in-
dependence is the most powerful deterrent
to world war III and our best hopes for a
and imagination to attempt it.
President Kennedy chose the more direct
alternative of an invasion. Since the Cuban
exiles ranged from radicals to reactionaries,
a temporary coalition was pasted together
under the presidency of Miro Cardona, an
honorable man of centrist sympathies. But
this coalition was not recognized as a govern-
ment-in-exile. The administration also held
back from providing the U.S. troops and
planes necessary to bolster the exile force.
Moreover, the CIA, with extraordinary politi-
cal obtuseness, placed most of its reliance
y
ay,
ues
Tress called upon the President to proclaim on the sons of the wealthy and on the sup-
Captive Nations Week each July and urged Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, a very porters of the fallen Batista. In short, the
all our people to support the aspirations of fine and discerning article by William White House policymakers avoided the politi-
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can p
op
reason the Amer
invasion, brings to a close a cyc e o
years who will be and who will not be Ptesi- political ignorance, and moral confusion in
dent for each 4-year term. Otherwise why America's relations with the Cuban revolu-
have an election? Yet, the evidence is con- tion. Everything has now been surrendered,
clusive that President Kennedy's public including honor, and we have no policy nor
statements of policy toward the Russian recourse save to wait for whatever good or
Empire have been put under the "Gordian bad tidings the future may bring. Events
Knot" in the Department of State. have passed out of our hands.
It is equally fair to question whether the It, is instructive to recall the state of af-
opinion of Congress, as expressed in a resolu- fairs when Mr. Kennedy took office. Castro,
tion enacted by that body, has any weight in having been in power for 2 years, had al-
law or practice. The'Russlan experts in the ready aligned himself with the Communists,
State Department have not only ignored the broken with the liberal elements in the rev-
expressed wishes of Congress on this vital olutionary coalition, and was far advanced in
question, but they express a contemptuous transforming an indigenous radical upris-
disregard for the political principles and ing into a self-shackled Communist de-
realistic findings of that law. Do those Rus- pendency.
sian experts in the State Department expect A brave and active underground move-
Congress to rubber stamp their defeatist ment against the dictator was spreading.
notions and proven failures of the past as Exiles in Florida were alive with hope for
the basis for victory of freedom's cause? I his early overthrow. The United States,
say to you that as far as I am concerned, which had encouraged Batista to depart and
as a Member of Congress, the only stamp which had originally extended a sympathetic
proper for them is exposure and dismissal tolerance to the Castro government, was in
from the Government. a strong position to influence the course of
Let me make this equally clear. There is events, both in its own national interest and
no conflict between the public statements of in the interest of the freedom of the Cuban
policy made by President Kennedy and the people. There were then no Soviet troops and
findings of Congress in Public Law 86-90. no short-range Soviet missiles in Cuba.
The facts are, they are in harmony-like two
The Kennedy administration took office
peas in a pod, they move toward the same seemingly committed to a clear and sound
objective, both reflect a e a desire to use to policy that this country would not permit a
t all athe weapons the political Communist Cuba. Since the Monroe Doc-
the rsenal American
The
a
final question democracy. trine of 1823, the United States had taken
understand-who a stanwue is is-in language b boss oss of Aricall poi- of the consistent position that we would not
icy toward the R Russian Empire? American allow foreign countries to establish new colo-
Until y ttil we get t a clear and p unqualified an- nies or export alien systems of government
get the cause se of human an to this hemisphere. Since Castro had turned
swer to that question to be only a stalking horse for the Com-
sr freedom will delayed and the peril to our munists, we had no alternatives except to
security as.a Nation will grow more serious.
I am sure you will agree with me that until force his departure or compromise our his-
the issue of who makes and directs our pol- toric position.
icy toward the Russian Empire is settled, the There were only two ways to get rid of
return of freedom and national independence Castro, One was to organize a mixed inva-
to Rumania remains in a dark shadow. You sion of Cubans and Americans under the
and I know that Rumania's independence aegis of a government-in-exile which we
depends upon concerted, coordinated action would recognize; The other was to organize
by the peoples of all the captive non-Russian sabotage, political subversion and economic
nations, supported by the moral and polit- pressure. This program could only have suc-
ical power of the United States. No one ceeded if the administration had been willing
nation can escape from the Russian prison to make bold political decisions. In a re-
house of nations-but all of them working volutionary situation, the most effective al-
together against the common enemy possess ternative is usually a group only a shade less
a power many times more powerful than all radical than the faction one is trying to
the atomic weapons in the world. It is true overthrow. What was wanted was a politi-
to say that 90 million Russians cannot main- cal leadership for the Cuban underground-
tain their Empire without the acquiescence and-exile movement that shared most of
of the leaders of the free world. That tru- Castro's original radical social and economic
ism stands as a challenge on this 80th anni- program but disavowed his terrorism and
versary of Rumanian independence. his links to Moscow. We shall never know if
I join with you in looking forward to the a left-of-center alternative, properly support-
early emancipation of Rumania and all the ed by the United States, could have brought
captive non-Russian nations. .you have my Castro down. The President and his brother
assurance that I shall continue to do all in Robert and their CIA and State Department
my power to hasten that inevitable day. advisers lacked the political sophistication
- HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Ma
14 1963
T
d
 1963 Approved For ft&lgg?6/06l 3 1-RRDP65BAP0~3E833RDi0X0200240026-8
~-~ A3019
the harsh realities of international political was held in New York City on April 26, the captive nations and provide comfort for
affairs. His tragedy is that he was born too 1963. It wasmy pleasure to send a mes- Imperial Russia.
late because his political outlook corresponds sage of greeting to the delegates gathered It Is my opinion that none of the captive
to that common during the era of empires,
when the concert for -that congress from various parts of nations will regain their freedom and na-
of monarchs maintained tional independence until all of them do.
a balance of power and a precarious peace the United States. My message was as This judgment corresponds with a practical
in Europe. His outlook is hardly In tune follows: appraisal of the imperial system which holds
with the global spirit of national independ- I am pleased to send warm greetings and them in captivity. That system must be bro-
ence which is rapidly reforming both politi- best wishes for success to all the delegates ken, not one chain at a time, or several
cal life and geography on all continents. Let attending the 12th Annual Congress of the chains in Isolated action, but all the chains
us hope that his passing from the diplo- American Latvian Association of the United in one concerted and unified program of in-
matte scene will open wide the doors for States. ternatlonal political action. I am confident
a complete and realistic revision of our Your congress will, I am confident, turn that history provides adequate testimony for
policy toward imperial Russia. a major part of Its deliberations to the cen- this judgment. We need only to look at the
Looking to the new spirit which is re- tral Lague of ways and means whereby Latvia lessons learned in East Germany or Hun-
forming international political life we ob- may regain Its freedom and national Inde- gary. For those who are weighted down with
serve that morality in international life Is pendence. It is natural that you should do continuing doubts or may be persuaded that
now returning to the forefront. That this because the future of freedom through- a privileged few will be able to escape from
morality is based upon a growing recogni- out the world, including the United States, the Russian prison house of nations, 'I
Lion of the nature of man, an Increasing is in large measure dependent on the future would ask these questions:
acceptance of the dignity which attaches to of freedom in Latvia and the other captive 1. How secure would Latvia and her sister
all human beings and a striving for civil nations. This imperatively underscores the Republics of the Baltic region be if regain-
order which corresponds with the nature of importance of your deliberations as well as lug their national independence they were
thehuman family. Pope John XXIII, In his the need for concerted and united action required to coexist with the U.S.S.R.?
great encyclical "Pacem in Terris," calls out by all who share the responsibillties for
for a new order among men and nations freedom's cause, I need not point out to you
based upon morality common to all men by that every American citizen is duty bound
their nature as children of God. Defining to assume his or her full responsibilities in
the rights and duties of man, the encyclical this cause. Some of us are privileged to
then prophesies the universal blessings of assume a larger share of this responsibility
national independence for all peoples. This by virtue of our position, training, or special
quote from "Peace on Earth" is most perti- knowledge of the issues. I would point out
nent to this 22d anniversary of Croatian here that delegates to your congress have
national Independence: a greater citizen responsibility because so
"Finally, the modern world, as compared many of them have a firsthand knowledge
with the recent past, has taken on an entirely and experience with the basic issues, which
new appearance in the field of social and requires them to assume a leadership role
political life. For since all nations have In pointing up ways and means to return
either achieved or are on the way to achlev- Latvia to her rightful place In the community
ing independence, there will soon no longer of free nations.
exist a world divided into nations that rule It to In this spirit that my remarks are
others and nations that are subject to others. presented to your congress meeting.
"Men all over the world have today--or I am confident you will agree with me
will soon have-the rank of citizens in that the prospects of liberating Latvia alone
Independent nations. No one wants to feel from the grip of Russian imperialism are
subject to political powers located outside small if not entirely lacking. To look at
his own country or ethnical group. Thus in the present plight of Latvia as an isolated or
very many human beings the Inferiority com- singular problem of our time would deny the
plex which endured for hundreds and thou- realities of contemporary international poli-
sands of years is disappearing; while in others tical affairs as well as condemn the people
there Is an attenuation and gradual fading of Latvia to perpetual slavery. Obviously,
of the corresponding superiority complex no rational person would fail into this trap.
which had its roots in socioeconomic privi- I am confident you will agree that libera-
leges, sex or political standing." tion of the three Baltic Republics-Latvia,
These words add new hope and vigor to Estonia. and Lithuania-is equally improb-
the cause of the many nations held In bond- able if we restrict our thinking and plans to
age by Imperial Russia and its colonial eye- this limited area of the overall problem. It
ten-including the Imperial Yugoslav ap- to true that the Baltic States have much in
pendage. Those who have claimed that eomrnon. that they suffered a common ag-
Croatia has no right to national independ- gression at the hands of Imperial Russia in
ence or who have turned their backs on the 1939, and that there is need for a strong re-
2. How secure would the Baltic States and
the Central European nations-Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, and
Bulgaria be If regaining their national inde-
pendence they were required to coexist with
the U.S.S.R.?
3. Can peace with freedom be secure for
any nation so long as imperial Russia is
allowed to maintain its despotic rule over
other nations?
I have other reasons for raising these ques-
tions before your congress delegates. I am
convinced that an objective examination of
these questions will serve to identify the
source of the captive nations problem and
underscore the urgent need for unity among
all the non-Russian nations now held in
captivity by Moscow. The human power in
all these non-Rusin nations, taken as a col-
lective force for freedoms cause, is much more
powerful than all the nuclear bombs and
missiles possessed on both sides of the Iron
Curtain. ' Once this human power is fully
unified and harnessed in the cause of free-
dom and independence for all nations, all
threats of war will pass and peace will pre-
vail on earth.
I know your congress meeting will make a
significant contribution to this objective.
Rumanian Independence Day
struggle of the Croatian people would do well glonal cohesion among the peoples of these or
to reflect upon these words of Pope John. nations- But more than this is necessary to HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN
As surel
bring a return of fre
as da
f
ll
d
i
ht
d
ti
hi
l
y
y
o
ows n
e
om an
g
na
ona
t
inde-
s moral
prophesy will be fulfilled. Let us, together, pendence to these nations.
redouble our efforts to hasten that happy Looking further, we observe that in recent
day. In so doing we advance the cause of years the Baltic States have been grouped
genuine peace on earth. with Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Ru-
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Long live Croatia and her gallant people mania, and Bulgaria in many, if not most, of Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, under
who struggle ever onward toward the goal the nongovernmental actions calculated to leave granted, I insert in the RECORD
of national independence. advance the freedom of all those nations. rem- i- th
r On
Twelfth Annual Congress of the American
Latvian Association of the United States
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN
OF OIIIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, the 12th
Annual Congress of the American Lat-
vian Association of the United States
a occasion marking the
In particular I have reference to the Assem. ."
bly of Captive European Nations- While this 86th anniversary of Rumanian national
grouping reflects a degree of unity, it never- independence held in Cleveland on May
theless tends to obscure the total problem 11:
of captive nations. Moreover, this arrange- RUMANrAN INDEPENDENCE DAY
meat, whatever its origin or motivation, puts Today we again observe Rumanian inde-
a false limit on the historical meaning of pendence day as a tribute to the Rumanian
Europe by excluding other European nations people and their dedication to the cause of
which are no less a captive of imperial Rus- liberty, freedom, and self-government. This
sla. I have particular reference to Byelorus- day has great meaning to the people of
sia. Ukraine, Georgia. Armenia, and several Rumania because it signifies three epics in
other nations. The result of this false and their centuries long struggle against foreign
arbitrary division of Europe is to divide and occupation culminating in victory. All these -
weaken the cause of all the captive nations, epics remind us that the present foreign
Nowhere are evidences of this dangerous di- occupation of Rumania is transitory because
vision of freedom's cause more evident than no foreign power has ever been able to con-
in the confusion which attends the present quer the spirit of the Romanian people. It
efforts to establish a House Committee on is the people and not governments which
Captive Nations. This confusion serves no make un a nation. Governments come and
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Gal choices and the CIA made the wrong
ones. -
There was nothing wrong, in my judgment,
with a mixed Cuban and American military
intervention to throw out Castro except that
once embarked upon, it could not be allowed
to fail. President Kennedy did allow it to
fail.
But there was no reason, after that single
defeat, for panic or despair. The political
alternative could still be attempted, al-
though now under less favorable circum.
stances, or a second successful invasion could
be properly planned and carried out. In-
stead, the administration did nothing. The
18 wasted months from April 1961 to October
1962, are in my opinion, a worse offense on
the administration's record than the defeat
of the Bay of Pigs invasion. What had ap-
peared to be a firm resolve to get rid of Castro
proved, after only one setback, to be made
of jelly.
The only conclusion drawn from the events
of April 1961 was that clandestine operations
are impossible in a democracy. The exiles
and the underground were simply written
off as too divided and unmanageable.
Micawberism..... maybe something will turn
up"-reigned.
What turned up were the Russian missiles.
Khrushchev had not wasted those 18 months.
Mr. Kennedy was able to force the Russians
to withdraw the missiles by going to the edge
of nuclear war. We are all grateful to him
that his resolute firmness in October suc-
ceeded, but he is scarcely entitled to any
credit for handling Cuban affairs in such
a way that they produced a nuclear crisis.
The Introduction of the Soviet missiles com-
pletely exposed the shallowness of those, in
the administration and hr the general public,
who thought we could happily coexist with a
Communist Cuba. Because we permitted
Castro to stay in power, Khrushchev very
nearly outflanked us on our defenseless
southern border.
The long-range missiles are presumably
gone, but Cuba is far- stronger militarily
than it was 2 years ago. We cannot get rid of
Castro because his safety has now become
linked with Khrushchev's prestige. Cuba
has become like Berlin, a hostage in the
cold war. The suppression of the Cuban
raiders and the dropping of poor Miro Car-
dona constitute the final admission that we
have met total defeat on the Cuban front.
The Cuban people have been left to the
mercies of their bearded tyrant.
Dogs Versus Human Rights
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN D. DINGELL
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pur-
suant to permission granted, I insert into
the Appendix of the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD an editorial appearing in the
Detroit (Mich.) Chronicle of Saturday,
May 11, 1963 entitled "Dogs Versus
Human Rights."
This shows the feelings of people
throughout the United States about the
denial of fundamental human rights and
the uniquely difficult situation which our
Negro citizens find themselves in in
Birmingham.
The time is late for a settlement of our
problems of racial discrimination in this
country and unless vigorous action is
taken the future presages more rather
than less difficulty with citizens uniting
to achieve their legitimate rights under
the laws of the Constitution.
The editorial follows:
DOGS VERSUS HUMAN RIGHTS
The use of fire hoses and police dogs on
Negro children, women and students pro-
testing racial segregation in Birmingham,
Ala., can best be described as bestiality at its
worst. Some of the demonstrators were so
seriously bitten that they had to be
hospitalized.
This monstrous exhibition of raw racialism
has inflicted deep wounds that will not soon
heal. It is beyond human understanding
that white Southerners who trumpet their
racial superiority have to resort to brute
force rather than cold logic to uphold their
supremacy.
In their blind prejudice, they under-rate
the march of history: They misread the
mentality and the will of the new Negro. He
registers his impatience by demonstrating
against the snail's pace of desegregation.
So far, the demonstrations have been
peaceful and orderly. There have been no
instances of serious physical resistance to
local police, even in the face of provocation
and insufferable molestation.
Unceasing exhortation of fearless Negro
leaders such as Reverends King and Shuttles-
worth, and equally fearless community sup-
port have swollen the ranks of the prayer-
marchers and increased the frequency of
their demonstrations.
How long the peaceful demonstrators will
remain passive when fire hoses and vicious
police dogs are turned on them, is problem-
atical. Tempers are getting short, and we
predict that force will meet force in the next
confrontation.
In the Birmingham fray, women were
kicked in the stomach, children sustained
head wounds that caused their blood to mix
with their tears. And all were carted away
in police wagons and school buses like dead
deer.
There are limits to human endurance and
forbearance. Patience ceases to be a virtue
and becomes a crime when .human dignity
and human rights are violated at will.
There'll be much mental anguish, and much
blood spilled until the social denials and the
economic wrongs are redressed.
This is the moment of truth. All those
who believe in social justice and equal op-
portunity wherever they may be and whoso-
ever they may be, must join hands with our
brothers in the struggle for liberation and
recognition. As Franklin D. Roosevelt used
to say: "Damn the torpedoes, full speed
ahead."
Federal-State Partnership in the Growth
of Eastern Connecticut 8. Redevelopment in Connecticut involves
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WILLIAM L. ST. ONCE
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lished in 1962. As I mentioned earlier, 6
Tuesday, May 14, 1963 urban renewal projects were completed in
that year and, of the 31 projects in execu-
Mr. ST. ONGE. Mr. Speaker, under tion, several were approaching completion.
leave to extend my remarks, I wish to Substantial rebuilding was underway in
insert into the RECORD the text of an ad- Ansonia, Hartford, New Haven, Putnam, Sey-
dress I delivered on Monday, May 13, mour and Torrington.
1963, before the Greater Middletown There is a multiplier effect in urban re-
Real Estate Board of Middletown,. Conn., newal which serves as a significant factor in
on the subject "Federal-State Partner-veloped veomoding by the U.S. Housing and d Home de-
ship in the Growth of Eastern Connecti- nance Agency indicate that the expenditure
cut." The address reads as follows: of $1 of public funds for redevelopment pur-
FEDERAL-STATE PARTNERSHIP IN THE GROWTH
OF EASTERN CONNECTICUT
(An address by Congressman WILLIAM L.
ST. ONGE, of Connecticut, before the
Greater Middletown Real Estate Board,
May 13, 1963)
Many years have now passed since the
professors and the social workers realized
that large centers of population in the urban
areas provided our free society with prob-
lems which are not easy of solution and not
solvable by themselves. In the largest cities
of the Nation families crowded together in
slum conditions were proof postitive that
the American way of life was but an empty
dream for too many hundreds of, thousands
of youngsters.
Since our children are the greatest asset
which this country has, because they are the
..ones who will carry on when our generation
leaves off, it became imperative that some-
thing be done to alleviate at least the worst
conditions in order to give all families an
opportunity at life, liberty, and the pursuit
of happiness. City blight was first seriously
attacked in the Housing Act of 1949. The
years that have intervened have given us an
opportunity to assess the progress that has
been made and a chance to look forward
into the future to see whether steps already
taken have headed us in the proper direction.
Let us, therefore, examine the Federal-
State partnership in dealing with these con-
ditions particularly how it is helping in the
growth of eastern Connecticut. First, a
look at the local picture.
The State of Connecticut has once again
proven to be a leader in this nationwide
fight to improve living conditions. As we
review renewal activities in Connecticut, we
are impressed by several facts which empha-
size thhe success of the renewal effort in -
our State:
1. By the end of 1962, there were .7
completed projects and 31 projects in execu-
tion, covering nearly 2,000 acres of land. An
additional 1,500 acres of land in 23 projects
were in the planning and preplanning stage
of the renewal process,
2. During 1962, six renewal projects were
completed and at least another six were ap-
proaching virtual completion.
3. A total of 235 acres of land in redevel-
opment areas have been disposed of by sale,
lease or dedication. -
4. Commercial and industrial reconstruc-
tion now underway or completed in renewal
areas approaches 4 million square feet.
5. A total of 850 housing units have been
provided or are under current construction
in renewal areas.
6. Investment in reconstruction in re-
development areas-mostly of a private na-
ture-currently totals $100 million, and this
investment may well reach $1 billion within
the next decade.
7. Over 6,000 families from predominantly
substandard housing have been relocated in
renewal axeas
the expenditure or commitment of public
funds totaling nearly $300 million, of which
the Federal Government is providing $200
million, the State $43 million and the local
governments $55 million.
The success of urban renewal as a means
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poses generates an expenditure of over $3
of private capital. Since the net costs of
renewal projects in Connecticut approxi-
mate $300 million of Federal, State, and local
funds, private investment In urban growth
resulting from these renewal projects will
probably approach $1 billion In the next 10
years.
The value on completion of current con-
struction in Connecticut's urban renewal
areas is now approximately $1011 million.
New buildings valued in excess of $3 mil-
lion have been erected in four of Connecti-
cut's seven completed projects. Buildings
valued at nearly $97 million are under con-
struction or have been completed In 11
projects still in execution, in many of
which more new construction will be under-
taken in future months. In addition to
850 housing units, this investment involves
the financing of approximately 4.5 million
square feet of new commercial, industrial.
and public floor space. This reconstruction
exerts a significant impact on the economy
of the State in terms of employment, pro-
duction and business activity.
The revitalizing Influence of urban renewal
extends, however, much beyond the limits
of the project areas themselves. Land, near
or adjacent to the project areas from which
the blight has been eliminated often pro-
vides choice sites for new commercial enter-
prises and new realty developments. This is
sometimes described as peripheral redevelop-
ment, and I am sure you know of many
examples of such development which had a
beneficial effect on the community and on
private enterprise.
Unless large parts of redevelopment areas
are used for nontaxable public purposes.
there usually are substantial tax increments
for the municipality when blighted land
with substandard buildings Is redeveloped
and new residential, commercial, or Indus-
trial buildings are erected.
Business relocations, of course, have many
ramifications in terms of loss of ethnic trade
in the older neighborhoods, In difficulties In
securing financing for new ventures, and in
reluctance on the part of older business peo-
ple to start anew in different surroundings.
However, while marginal companies en-
counter such difficulties In adjustment, most
business firms can adjust fairly readily and
many of them grow and expand markedly
after they relocate from blighted areas.
Let me cite just one example. As a result
of urban renewal In Hartford's Front street
and Windsor street areas. 260 commercial
and industrial firms were assisted In success-
ful relocations, and an additional 190 firms
were relocated by reason of the East-West
highway, which in some instances overlaps
these project areas. Only 58 firms went out
of business during these operations. That's
about 10 percent of all Arms In the area,
and many of these went out of business
because of the age of the owners.
The 61 redevelopment projects in Con-
necticut, which I listed earlier as either
completed, in execution or In planning, in-
volve public funds In the amount of some
$300 million. Of this total. I pointed out
that the Federal Government provides $200
million, the State $43 million, and the local
governments $55 million. By the end of
1962, the State had advanced to the com-
munities grants totaling $12.5 million as its
share of the cost of renewal. The balance of
State participation consists in contracts for
further assistance in the amount of $7.6 mll-
lion, and in reservations for projects not yet
covered by assistance agreements In the
amount of $21.8 million.
The basic principle of the urban renewal
process is that slums and blighted areas must
be eliminated from the American scene. An
underlying feature of this concept Is that
safe and sanitary housing should be avail-
able to all. In Connecticut we have over
3.500 acres of blighted land under renewal
treatment. By now, more than 6,000
families have been assisted In relocating
from predominantly substandard housing in
redevelopment areas.
By the elimination of slums, and particu-
larly slum housing, urban renewal makes
possible the attainment of a higher standard
of living for those who live, work, and seek
rest and recreation In our urban areas. To
the slum child. born in squalor and reared
under the degrading influence of the slum
environment. integration Into a new commu-
nity may do much more than provide stand-
ard housing, It brings him into contact with
a way of life to which he had previously
never been exposed. It helps to do away
with the influence of the alum and, in its
place, implants those standards which are
the birthright of most Americans. Meaning-
ful exposure to these standards is not pos-
sible for- those living In slum conditions.
Many of our citizens In the blighted areas
not only live but often work and seek rec-
reation within the depressing confines of the
slum. This confinement creates a dangerous
condition involving not only fire and health
hazards, but also social unrest and crime
requiring continuing surveillance by mu-
nicipal agencies. These social problems can
be overcome only by the elimination of the
slum and giving these people an opportunity
to rebuild their lives in a new environment.
Integration of alum residents into standard
neighborhoods may Involve many problems,
but the social gains to be realized through
this Integration will eventually justify the
effort. Solution to the problems relative to
this transition may be a lengthy process.
State and local social organizations should
take an active role in assisting the residents
of blighted areas to become adjusted to their
new environments.
While the elimination of blight is the
basic and ultimate objective of urban re-
newal. there are a number of social goals
which go beyond the leveling of alum build-
ings and the relocation of their inhabitants.
These goals Include also the establishment
of parks, schools, and cultural and recrea-
tional facilities which will benefit the whole
community. This aspect pf renewal helps
to create a living environment conducive to
healthy growth and to the establishment of
strong moral and spiritual values for all.
Smaller communities will encounter dif-
ficulties in financing these facilities. While
tax increments resulting from the revitaliza-
tion of business districts are not the major
objective of renewal, they sometimes be-
come an important factor since they help to
provide the resources by which overall com-
munity renewal may be achieved.
As renewal programs progress toward the
elimination of blight in our State. large
tracts of land are being made available for
Industrial and commercial use. Land pro-
posed for industrial and commercial use now
totals 900 acres and If present patterns are
continued and maximum redevelopment is
achieved, industrial and commercial acreage
opened for new use may total over 8,700 acres.
The existence of this land with all essential
utilities readily available throughout urban-
ized areas In the State will be a significant
factor in the continuing growth and devel-
opment of our economy and In the financial
stability of our communities.
Although rehabilitation and conservation
are considered essential to the renewal proc-
ess, they have not been given as much recog-
nition as has been accorded clearance and
reconstruction. One example, however, is
New Haven's Wooster Square project which
has won national recognition for its rehabili-
tation work. As the most blighted areas are
cleared and rebuilt, there is a growing aware-
ness of the benefits of rehabilitation. A
larger number of our communities are taking
steps to Insure against the recurrence of
blight by establishing and enforcing sound
housing and building codes and zoning regu-
lations.
We now have over 3,500 acres of land
under treatment for urban renewal in Con-
necticut, but estimates made by the Con-
necticut Development Commission Indi-
cate that there are nearly 15.000 acres of
blight where no action toward renewal has
been undertaken. Of this total, 2,400 acres
are located in 29 communities which to
date have shown no great amount of inter-
est In urban renewal.
The existence of this blight is a challenge
to the State and to its municipalities. While
a limited amount of renewal may be under-
taken by private interests, such as those
who carry out peripheral projects, the vast
bulk of this renewal must be carried out by
public agencies If the needs are to be met.
The Development Commission's studies
point out that, If renewal Is to continue at
the present rate, by 1980. the blight may
be reduced to between 6,000 and 8,000 acres,
provided steps are taken to prevent the inci-
dence of new blight.
This review of renewal achievements
shows that during the 7 years since Connect-
icut first participated with the Federal Gov-
ernment and the local municipalities in the
financing of urban renewal, much has been
accomplished toward eliminating slums and
revitalizing Connecticut's cities. At the
same time, let us not Ignore the fact that
much blight still exists and much remains
to be done If we are to achieve complete
renewal. The need and the challenge are
clear.
This need and challenge can be met by
even closer cooperation on the three levels-
local, State, and Federal. I am very happy
that my background and experience in urban
renewal are proving most helpful to me in
Washington in discussions which I have had
and continue to have with the administrators
of urban renewal and public housing.
In this connection, I was very happy to
vote last month in favor of the amendment
to restore the sum of $450 million for the
accelerated public works program for proj-
ects which are not a waste or boondoggle, but
on the contrary, give to our communities,
especially the small- and medium-size towns
and cities, an opportunity to construct sani-
tation facilities, water systems, roads, har-
bor facilities, city streets, bridges, and mu-
nicipal buildings. It is quite clear that
without this Federal assistance the commu-
nities involved could not undertake such
projects. These expenditures by the com-
munities and the Federal Government later
will pay for themselves over and over
through more employment, improved serv-
ices, better health, better living conditions,
and happier communities.
The State of Connecticut, which, until the
end of January of this year, received a total
of $3,963,000 for various projects under the
accelerated public works program, is vitally
Interested in legislation of this sort.
During the few months that I have been
in Washington, I am happy that I have been
able to intercede with the Administrators
and the Commissioners of the Public-Housing
Administration, the Community Facilities
Administration, the Urban Renewal Admin-
istration. the Area Redevelopment Adminis-
tration, Department of Agriculture, the
Corps of Engineers of the Department of the
Army, and the Small Business Administra-
tion on behalf of our communities, our in-
dustries, and farmers, to furnish the neces-
sary liaison and help between our National
Capital and the communities of the Second
District.
Probably the best example to be cited is
the case of the city of Norwich, where 6 lives
were lost and $3 million property damage
done In the disastrous flood in March of this
year. As a result of this type of interven-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Of-
fenses Control Act, funds were made
available to organizations in our cities to
plan for the prevention of juvenile de-
linquency,
The city of Boston has received such
a planning grant. Its community or-
ganization-Action for Boston Commu-
nity Development-has' undertaken the
enormous task of developing plans to
prevent our young people from heading'
in the direction of crime. Rather than
researching the causes of juvenile delin-
quency, the focus of their efforts has
been on developing long-range commu-
nity plans that will prevent juvenile de-
linquency in the future.
An article recently appeared in the
Sunday edition of the Boston Herald
concerning the progress that Action for
Boston Community Development has
made in its study of juvenile delin-
quency prevention. The plans that have
been. formulated to date are very en-
couraging and I believe offer substantial
hope of meeting this problem in the fu-
ture. Action for Boston Community
Development's program for prevention
stresses the need for Job and educational
opportunities for our young people be-
tween the age of 13 and 18 years.
In the near future, Boston will be
ready to move into the. action stage of its
program-a program that I believe is
well thought out and offers great prom-
ise of success.
Under unanimous consent I include
feature story from the Boston Herald
at this point in the REconn in order that
my colleagues may read what my city is
doing to combat the spread of juvenile
delinquency:
FIVE THOUSAND YOUNGSTERS IN POLICE HANDS
YEARLY-ACTION FOR BOSTON COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT To STUDY WHYS, WHEREFORES
of DELINQUENCY
Every year, 5,000 Boston youngsters fall
into the hands of police, 1,700 go to court and
200 are committed to the. Youth Service
Board,
Why has a city with such a proliferation of
public and private resources failed its young
so spectacularly?
FROM 31/2 TO 21
A fledgling organization, Action for Boston
Community Development, has taken on the
outsized job of trying to find out, and then
of trying to find out what to do about it.
In the process, ABCD will work with tots of
31/2 years and young men and women of 21.
It will, perhaps, step on the toes of some of
our most revered agencies. It will profile
the potental and full-fledged delinquent, and
in doing so will profile the neighborhood in
which he lives, studies, and plays.
The youth program of ABCD, an agency
conceived to attack the major social prob-
lems of urban life, was outlined this week by
Daniel I. Cronin, youth program director;
Robert Perlman, program development chief;
and Clarence C. Sherwood, research director.
Starting on a $159,400 shoestring provided
by the President's juvenile delinquency con-
trol program-and with financial help to be
sought from ' the Ford Foundation and a
variety of other agencies-ABCIS will create
no. bureaucracy of its own, but will work
with existing agencies, It will be supported
by specialists from virtually every phase of
youth activity in the city.
Target areas-low income, high in delin-
quency and property deterioration-will be
Roxbury, Charlestown and the South End.
Here will be concentrated the ABCD's pro-
grams, which will be tailored to prevent de-
linquency rather than to cure its symptoms.
ABCD's definition of a delinquent, Perl-
man said, Is a youth who has had contact
with the law for offenses that would be con-
sidered criminal if he were adult..
WIDE RANGE
"Many look on a delinquent as somebody
who is out of step with society and has to
be returned to the mold," he said. "Our
idea is to change the institution to handle
the youth, without necessarily bringing
about any deep fundamental changes in
the person."
The range of the ABCD plans is extremely
wide; it will work in the school, the home,
the welfare agency, with the courts and
police. The program is in the earliest plan-
ning stages. Statistics and surveys will come
first, new ideas and action later. The first
version of the planning. should be com-
pleted by fall.
"We're trying to pull together existing
data,". Sherwood said, "In any given agency'
you find a number of different kinds of kids.
Some are fine, some are not. And it isn't
just the agencies. Little is being done to
study parental control. We want to find out
what a neighborhood as,a whole is doing."
The end product, the ABCD leaders sug-
gested,. may be recommendations involving
where. stress , should be placed and money
spent, where effort is being stinted and
where wasted.
In the delinquency study, specific young-
sters will be used; it will not be all statistics.
"If we can get a sample of kids on their way
to trouble, and find out what agencies have
contact with them, who spotted them, who's
trying to help and who isn't and should,
that should be useful," Perlman said, "A
lot of them slip through the community
service net. We want to try to plug the
holes."
JOBLESS YOUTH
Because the jobless youth is trouble-prone,
ABCD expects to spend considerable effort
in this area, working with Federal and State
labor departments:
"We'd like to learn what spots can use
more young people and how; and we expect
to do this with the help of the State employ-
ment service," Perlman said. "We hope for
funds to help set up centers to get hold of
kids out of work, determine their capabili-
ties and provide training and other services."
ABCD will study, too, the question of
whether the young are being trained for jobs
from which automation and other factors
will remove them; and whether unemploy-
ment among the young is a matter of job
shortages or a variance between skills and
available jobs.
In this region, the delinquency program
is expected to dovetail to some extent with
a school program sought by the Boston
school system but not yet approved by
ABCD's board. Should the anticipated board
approval be given, Ford Foundation funds
will be sought to put the program in action.
The Boston school committee recently
voted $23,000 as its share of a start on several
programs-none new, but each a little differ-
ent from anything now being done here.
No Federal funds will be used for the school
program if it is approved, Cronin said.
Effort Is contemplated. in five directions on
the school level.,
A3031
Starting at the bottom, the school depart-
ment wants to see created prekindergarten
schools for youngsters 31/a to 41/Z years old
in disadvantage areas. Service agencies and
the schools would choose children with dem-
onstrated learning problems. The object is
to-get them off to an even start with their
young peers at kindergarten time,
At the junior high school level, the dem-
onstration program would use full-time
guidance advisers, Cronin said, with a par-
ticular view to preventing. dropouts "through
the use of such community resources as
youth counseling and employment centers
where special testing and help may be ob-
tained."
ABCD pointed out that today's school drop-
outs are tomorrow's unemployables and po-
tential sources of trouble.
PROBLEM YOUTHS
Problem youngsters would be handled
with school adjustment counseling, chiefly
on the elementary level, The schools would
like to see several full-time specialists with
teaching and social work backgrounds ? en-
listed for this.
These experts would work not only in the
school but also with the family. One func-
tion would be to establish criteria for the
youngsters most likely to get Into real
trouble later. Boston schools have such a
program. but it is spread very thinly, and
educational leaders are eager to learn if a
saturation effort would make a difference.
In the belief that school dropouts, and
to some extent delinquency, may have their .
beginnings in. a simple inability to read well,
the school department has asked ABCD to
generate two programs in this geld.
Remedial reading. 'here are now about
50 teachers, but they. are few compared to
the need. Authorities want to test the idea
that intensive remedial reading teaching can
reach those with lower intelligence quotients
than Is possible. with present resources.
Developmental reading. Up to now, read-
ing has been generally considered a "sub-
ject" only to the sixth grade. In this pro-
gram, it would be actively taught at the
junior high level with all teachers participat-
ing, and it would extend into all areas of
study.
Free Labor Menaced by Government
Intervention
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF TEXAS - -
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the
strength of the American labor move-
ment has been in the protection of its
freedom. Now, along with all other seg-
ments of our society, labor is faced with
the inevitable result. of looking to the
Federal Government for special con-
sideration-the inevitable result is
dictatorship.
Short-sighted labor leaders, spurred by
a lust for power, have not hesitated to
use the Federal Government to shift the
balance in collective bargaining to their
side. It is true that they can make gains
in this way, but only at the expense of
their freedom.
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+G
The final result of the road we are SIGNAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 14.
when the blockade was barely with- country's largest warships. The mere pres-
following in labor relations-the "Road drawn secure from Khrushchev recent- ence of American forces on Cuban soil, of
to Futility"-is summed up In an ly a restatement of this demand by course, Is of important psychological value
editorial from the Wall street Journal Khrushchev on his recent visit to Russia and a tremendous embarrassment to Castro.
which I include at this point in my re- if it was not their intention to press for That is why Fidel listed U.S. withdrawal
marks: this removal? from Guantanamo as one of his five major
ROAD To Furn.rrv
gaining procedures nor the present labor dis-
pute laws are working to the public's satis-
faction, at least so far as major labor
controversies are concerned. - 4 - if col-
lective bargaining can't produce peaceful
settlements of these controversies, the public
will."
Thus does Labor Secretary Wirtz, writing
In the newspaper of the Masters. Mates, and
Pilots Union, sum up a problem confronting
not only the maritime industry but others
as well. Already, several of the public's rep-
resentatives in Congress are urging, as a
solution for maritime disputes, a system of
compulsory arbitration by Government-
appointed boards-in elect. Federal dicta-
tion of settlements.
Mr. Wirtz, together with union leaders
and most management officials, rightly op-
poses this proposal. But few people seem
to pay much attention to the roots of the
current muddled situation.
In the maritime and other Industries,
labor contract negotiations once were a mat-
ter for a single employer and representatives
of his workers, both sides deeply Interested
in the preservation of the enterprise that
provided jobs and profits. But unions, with
Government encouragement and govern-
mental exemption from antitrust laws, soon
grew so big that they acquired power to close
down whole Industries. So it is that strikes,
once matters of limited local concern, can
become national emergencies.
In its efforts to deal with such emergen-
cies, the Government has been stepping in
ever earlier. Both labor and management
now expect such intervention and have far
less incentive to freely settle their own dis-
putes. This is especially true of unions,
since the Government's proposals of late-
as In the east coast flock strike-tend to lean
heavily toward labor's side.
If it is impossible to get back to realistic
bargaining on a local basis, then more Gov-
ernment Intervention is Inevitable. But at
least everyone ought to see where the road
is leading and why. And they should also
see the futility of trying to solve a problem
largely caused by Government Involvement
byvembraing outright Government dicta-
"15 - VILU ---. weuc primarily a face-saving maneu-
Cuban spy Incident come to light at this ver and designed for local consumption In
specific time? Cuba. There is good reason to suspect that
Why are the Cuban Communist border United States really that a"G tm ." see the ull
out patrols around Guantanamo suddenly Castro badly needs the American dollars
causing incidents of rock throwing, with- he receives for our occupation of the base.
out provocation? Every year Fidel makes a big point of refus-
Ing is the administration asking for about $3.400. the he never falls to cash the
$18 million to further improve Roosevelt much larger check we give him for our
Roads` in Puerto Rico which would be water supply-amounting to about $178,000.
able to house the facilities presently at Much more Important to him, of course, are
Guantanamo? the dollars he receives from-the 3,400 Cubans
If we gave in on Castro's demand for employed on the base. The annual payroll
stopping all exile raids on his count comes to about $7,500,000.
w
demands to hich was made at the same time as the these tdolwere not for lars, Castro naturally wuid be
reason do wee have toubelieve that the may, in fatf feel that leave departure e would
second demand will not be given In to in be more valuable than this revenue. And
that the first was conceded? we can be sure of one thing. If and when
These are all startlingly and alarm- we do leave the base, Castro will blow up mo Into one
ingly important questions and they all the es in history.f the biggest propaganda
point to the conclusion that the founda- That is why we cannot, under any clrcum-
tion is being laid for the surrender of stances, even entertain the idea of allow-
Guantanamo to Castro. This would be ing our forces to be pushed off the base,
one of the blackest days in the history much less giving up the facility voluntarily.
f
o
our country.
This Is a view shared by many and
I site the following editorial from the
Dallas Morning News as proof thereof:
HAS DEAL FOR GuANTANAHO BEEN MADE?
The report that the Pentagon is request-
ing $18 million to expand Navy facilities in
Puerto Rico has touched off speculation that
the United States may be preparing to with-
draw from Guantanamo. It is claimed that
President Kennedy may have agreed to pull
U.B. forces out of the Cuban base in his
Correspondence with Soviet Premier Khru-
shchev last October, or that US. military
authorities are merely preparing an alterna-
tive site in the event that Castro should
force us out of Guantanamo.
Whatever the actual facts on the Cuban
base, it does seem strange that such a large
increase in our Puerto Rico naval facilities
is being asked at this time. Several Mem-
bers of Congress insist that there Is no indi-
cated need for this Increase-unless we are
preparing to move Navy and Marine forces
from Guantanamo.
Legally, of course, the United States can-
e Kennedy Administration Going To
Sell Out to Castro Further by Abandon-
ing Guantanamo?
not be forced out of the Cuban base. In
1003-after the Spanish-American War-we
were granted a 99-year lease on "Gitmo."
The original treaty set an annual rent of
only $2 000 for th b
Huck Finn Not for Educational
Bureaucrats
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL FINDLEY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 14, 1963 -
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, Samuel
Clemens was orie of America's greatest
authors and his Huckleberry Finn has
become a classic not only In this country
but around the world. No book gives
a better picture of the steamboat era of
our own Mississippi River, and a char-
acter study of its inhabitants.
In a manner so ridiculous it would be
funny if It were not tragic, Philadelphia
school bureaucrats have decided that
they can improve upon Mark Twain's
Huckleberry Finn.
The St. Louis Post Dispatch published
this editorial on April 30:
MONXEYSHINas WITH RUCK FINN
Literary vandalism seems to be as endless
as the making of books itself, as witness the
Philadelphia school officials' rewriting of
Mark Twain's "Huckleberry Finn," along
with other classics, with the avowed inten-
tions of toning down violence, simplifying
the dialect and eliminating unfavorable ref-
erences to Negroes.
Sam Clemens would have written a
scorcher of a philippic about that one. He
would have been even more amazed to learn
that he was considered unfriendly to Negroes
than he would have been to hear that
Philadelphians considered themselves au-
thories on southern speech.
One is reminded of James Thurber's reply
to a publisher's Invitation for him to draw
EXTENSION OF a ass, an exceptionally
REMARKS low figure that was indicative of Cuban
or gratitude to the United States for its help
HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER LnInI1034, thhis treatyewasdrene ed and Spain.
or FLORIDA panded, granting the United States a per-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES petual lease on Guantanamo which could be
nullified only by the consent of both Cuba
Tuesday, May 14, 1963 and the United States or if we voluntarily
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, recent abandoned the site.
events give rise to the question, is the Considering
location, loco the value of the bassheer e and sIts
tu-
Kennedy administration going to sell out strategic yndon it. wAn old be installation,
further to Castro and the Communists Guantanamo today is one of the most mod-
by abandoning Guantanamo? ern American naval bases In the world. Its
This question might seem Improbable, facilities are valued at approximately $78
but all signs point in that direction. we the r Is regarded
center g nas an ideal ntc
Why did Castro after making this as weatr training for the Atlantic
one of his demands on October 28, 1962, ,,at.
a enough beto accommodate 50 of this
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