INVESTIGATION OF SOVIET MILITARY BUILDUP IN CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230052-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2004
• Sequence Number: 52
• Publication Date: February 18, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

12310_ Approved For Re ea ~ p1~ F 38 2 230052-0 r_v 18
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t ~ e S wherely hve _ , -_.- not one committed merely to the conditions TVESTIGATION OF SOV T. MILI-
r Pl~S de the arshxie~s. of, these of that day but one that could function TARY BUILDUP IN CUBA
seli`tewe passed the_members of this under constantly changing conditions. Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, the
fair l3as aroused heated controversy in The Chief Justice's remark th Senate n
s a
what they Intended to be a e Joya1 to the gopernixients liviof'the coup- ng fLfcy WtuLtl
document,
Q plargeszo# belllon, disorders, m ed Nations. An enlightened meet the challenges of our time, which are
Fixc t to public recur ty, formation of world opinion can play an important role so different from those of even our immediate
C2iYlii}a1 :. socltgn, and endangering in encouraging fair treatment and re- ancestors, and even of our youth. Fortu-
T loos f 1 spect for individual rights whenever and nately for us, the Founding Fathers, painted
a thy.,,cyl vi r, from all re- with a broad brush. They Wrote what they
ports the verdip is ,based_.on the fact wherever instances of this kind arise, intended to be a living document, not one
"TI-111 t a h natiQnals. of..an Islamic committed merely to the conditions of that
stake the aCC Se ale members of an CHIEF JUSTICE WARREN A WISE day but one that could function under con-
ot er f;Iith _ etautly changing conditions-even those we
o AND COURAGEOUS JURIST have today and those we will have in the
stai~Slil 14a.TgJ,lgin founded in the generations to come."
~ h el~tu y inPersla wherE its follow- Mr. ENGLE. Mr. President, on Feb- In thus asserting that change in the law
err Slu 'ed persecution. and martyrdom ruary 12, Chief Justice Earl Warren ad- of life and that it must apply to government
OJ y-
ears.., Grads sly small com- dressed the Georgia Institute of Tech- as well as science and that the Constitution
i wjt U-CarlY 10,000 local centers nology. An excellent editorial reviewing makes allowance for growth of the law, the
hayeent >lp in 257 countries, islands, the occasion appeared in the Washing- Chief Justice was undercutting the basic
ah eentlenc~? including the United ton Post on February 15, and I invite the premise of his most extreme critics-that
the Constitution- means only what the
eea31ni11g the oneness of all attention of my colleagues to it.
b h great wild religions, the Bohai In a forthright and brilliant address, Founding Fathers Intended it to mean at
the time it was written. But he did it so
aith opts A11-111=--major- prophets the Chief Justice contended that the law adroitly and so persuasively that none could
egua11y, in p red t -believes in the has lagged behind science. In support have taken offense, many applauded and
unity of all iian~d..uses parts of of his thesis that the law must grow, he some extremists within and without his
tYle lijurgyand ceremonies of Christian- said: audience may have been shaken in} their
sty, Islam, Buddhism, and other religions. Fortunately for us, the Founding Fathers blind adl, erence to an Ainteiyable vjkw.
_
to
A S,#d1, ea1h and AM -to prison th siU of the problem will take place in emerging a declare a moratorium on
emerging e-
as it it struggles to
v- -1uer progress in
tq egress my dip conce~ru al>4ut the Government should make its views science demands a "peaceful setting in both
d XigeS i f deb t an g Imprisonment known, whether American citizens are domestic and world law. A world without
passed by a reek naj Q9u_xt ii,. Morocco involved or not, as to the importance of law is hell-bent for destruction with or with-
,
1'eligious tolerance and self-restraint out scientific discoveries," By this logical
it 3riv ST- IrS 3alaai~faith. be- route the Chief Justice arrived at the con-
s O e l ihiolls ieis..T On Dec- throughout the world, I am hopeful that elusion that the law too must grow:
u filer4, m the life Mediterranean private representations will be made by "It would be equally foolhardy and like-
.Qf
i a a tribunal sentenced 3 our Government and that a public dis- wise im sibs
su rei11 eo destruction.
.Having made an unassailable case for the
,.?,i?? ra ~ r` r.rk ' 1F sc, , r .. r. President- I hn.va nlrnaAv 1? i,.
a
a
't4 be done, g coming weeks when the appeal.before th-e vancement of civilization rather than for its
oaviaaa zuiu reugluus mtOlerariCe.'" In ad- and approval of his listeners. Scientists were
t 'have ed effoxts, fg proposals which axe shown dition, this resolution calls upon all gov- given credit for leading the advance of civ.
91 I4oce p1 s>Mcesa.alid their- sip- ernments to take steps to eradicate such .
_pw
"It would be foolhardy and im-
porters wilt hgn?J gd with a choice ilization.
possible," the Chief Justice said,
twee
. The Moroccan delegate "to declare
-
pcSs Thr t-oughkno-aAuo rocess and .of narrowing some- other pro the voted for intolerance these resolutions. Further- a moratorium on science as was proposed
at ee one o the back. proposed re- more, it is most significant that the new we in the then faced. . to cure the problems
Man must go on to ever-
1 G~d ee as the only realistic al- Constitution Of Morocco guarantees reli- increasing knowledge and action in all fields,
1 e tp v present system. What are gious freedom. How far religious free- He wants to know more about the universe,
P14W our ,OS gpposing camps will become dom under the Moroccan Constitution about himself, and about life. He wants
but
bt}t wo , yVl}ezi tk;Js Spurs, but not before, I really applies, will be revealed in the scientific knowledge to be used for the ad-
we can expect somethin subst
nti
l
re ore reparedness Investigating Sub-
lYpipcco and attracted the attention of of a man of great courage, wisdom, and committee, an arm of the Senate Armed
-, I tern tlot~ ip press. ... This wide- depth. I congratulate him. Services Committee, has announced a
ssr`ea rc40,11 tq the _trial has forced I ask unanimous consent that the much needed investigation into the So-
Washington Post editorial be printed in viet military buildup in Cuba. This in-
st e3l}en llriAi the public that the the RECORD. vestigation,_.I am glad to say, will be
4erdie is ,9t of nit ve"..end that the There being no objection, the editorial under the direction of the able Senator
ebfi elnned , 4-have,-the -right to ap- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, from Mississippi, Senator JOHN STENNIS.
%i
eal 'he
Sl}prer- Co
as follows:
rt
f A
.
u
o
ppeal in
y
{
_ Under his leadership and direction,
ab t is tq. -reexamine the case. DIPLOMATIC CHIEF JUSTICE the country is assured that the hearings
Mx Pisident, it is most ironic that Chief Justice Warren proved himself ; will develop all the available facts and
d", ing the-Pa me Month-in which this shrewd diplomat as well as a courageous will contribute greatly toward the for
-
tx l off Nair, was held, the General jurist when he addressed the Georgia Insti- mation of a firm national policy which
ASS.e ly Of the ?Upited-Nations unani- tute of Technology the other day. Because will protect our national security.
111oupj,V adopted_ty~p_resolutions, one call- of the general hostility of the South to his Senator STENNIS has had Many difli-
fx1j or art nter_laational convention on opinions in the school desegregation cases, cult assignments in the Senate ad he
tk eelimin tjQn py, -all- forms of religious cahis re to speech
whether he would touch upon has handled them with thoroughnesq,
111toJe ,Anpe,nd_the.,_other reiterates the controversial civil rights. diligence, success, and great and lasting
-1 1 ll ly's"cone emnatlon
Alth
f
l
b
o
a
l main-
ough the Chief Justice himself was
enefit to the Nation. It is fortunate
fe tat} ti]S laCl ~ preJUdlcO an 0 np- given an ovation, "Impeach Earl-Warren" that we have a man of his caliber to
i
i
d -
- ------ '-- -???r... ?`"?`?
tpx ,x4 is artj 1s w s written, the Sen- e
caey or In the these occasion circumstances generally the recChi
og- ef and far-reaching inquiry.
nized.
ate ..Judiciary Subcommittee on Constitu- Justice merits a high mark for his avoidance Several days ago, I had the pleasure
tied? of nUplents,, by a 4 to 2 vote, favor- of any offense and at the same time his adroit reading the article The Passing
ably reported ,_12 (the district sys- refutation of the basic premise on which the Scene," by William S. White, which ap-
tem) with arnenctuj to the full Judiciary Southern extremists have built their case. geared in the Washington Evening Star
Co11711tee_pnay 21, 1962. The subcom- Th
e Chief Justice talked largely about Of February 4, 1963. I
ruittee Vlgndpigntr would require pledges of science. It was Georgia Tech's 75th anni- reading commend its
to every Senator and ask
electors anti Sriva,lldIAte. electoral votes cast in versary. His emphasis on the achievements unanimous consent that it be printed in
violation oi' suol}.pledpes. on the
.., ..,..-- ,..t - Of scienceand terhnn7-, ...,.,......~L_ ~,__
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 1963 Apprv5*SJ0fl 51.,GS00383R000200230052-02309
Irwin then decided that the principal ob- This straightforward proposal meets oppo- was a return to the system contemplated by
stacle to the coalition was the false assump- sition from two sources. One school of Hamilton and the Founding Fathers; but al-
tion by electors that they were obligated to thought resists Incorporating the unit-rule most everyone today believes that the Ameri-
vote for Nixon. He then wired each Repub- system in the Constitution. They feel that can people should elect their President.
lican national committeeman and each State this might freeze this system for a number More important, unpledged electors should
Republican chairman and urged them to of years and harm the chances for more sub- be precluded because of their potential for
release the Republican electors from any stantial reform. I doubt this. The public's manipulation and balance-of-power barilain-
feeling of moral obligation to vote for Nixon view of Such an amendment would be that Ing in a close election.
so they could join the coalition. He received It was directed simply at the office of presi- An amendment which abolished electors
six responses, three of which were sympa- dential elector and not at any broader prob- could also improve the present provision for
thetic but none offering assistance. The lem. In any event, this improvement is sum- contingent elections in the House of Repre-
high point of Irwin's effort was the New clently worthwhile of Itself to justify the sentatives. If the electoral vote falls to pro-
Mexico committeeman's response that he had slight risk of hampering further reform. duce a majority for any candidate, the
taken up the matter with party leaders at A second source of opposition IS the few Constitution now places the election in the
the Republican National Committee level, who believe the presidential elector to be a House of Representatives with the delegation
and that although they favored the move, worthwhile office which ought to be retained. of each State having one vote. In 1800 and
they felt is should not be sponsored by the These are rot merely the tiny number of 1824 our Presidents were elected in this
party organization. extremists who want the elector to exercise manner. Since each State's vote Is de-
Irwin and Harris bombarded electors with his independent judgment and choose the termined by the majority of its delegation,
literature urging them to cast "free votes" President. Some few believe the elector Is If a delegation is evenly split, the State would
as their constitutional right and dui but essential to preserving State control of de- lose Its vote. It is also unfair to give a one-
on December 19, all Republican electors ex- centralization of presidential elections" member State delegation o the same voice as
cept Irwin himself stood firm and voted for I have considered this argument carefully the 41 member delegation of New York. The
Nixon. Along with the 14 unptedged electors but cannot agree. Just as State law and the opportunity for deadlock and third party
of Alabama and Mississippi, Irwin voted for two-party iyatem are now trusted to pro- balance of power Is walso ould pp re nt. Most
Senator BYRD. duce elections of presidential electors, they proposed amendments
Harris and Irwin concluded that his vote can also be trusted to produce elections of equity by substituting election by a joint
had served to educate people to the freedom presidential candidates. A corrective amend- session of the House and Senate with each
of electors and immediately started working ment of the type I have mentioned would Member having one vote. This would give
toward 1964. In a poet-mortem form letter simply guarantee to the people of each State each State the same relative weight that it
of December 30, 1960, Harris laid out plans the right to vote directly for the President, has in the electoral vote.
for a similar effort for 1064 and urged friends just as they now do for Congressmen and Indications are that the House would not
of the movement to begin now to arrange to Senators. Voting qualifications for press- object to sharing this responsibility with the
become presidential electorsm dential elections could also be left expressly Senate. In fact, after the Adams-Jackson-
As a result of Irwin's actions, Oklahoma to State control as could regulation of the Crawford deadlock of 1824" the House
election laws were amended in 1961 to pro- times, places, and manner of elections. The adopted a resolution urging that some provi-
vide that electors shall be chosen by State nominating process is now extra-constitu- sion be made so that election of the Presi-
party conventions, that each must sign an tionai and would continue to be so. Just dent could never again devolve upon the
affidavit that be will vote for the party as State law now determines how electors Congress.
nominees, and that violation of the oath get on the ballot, State law could as easily An amendment aimed at electors and con-
is a misdemeanor punishable by $1,000 fine0 prescribe how the names of presidential can- tingent elections which accepted the unit
The fine is the only means of enforcing the didates get on the ballot. In 33 States which rule would at least perfect the present sys-
oath. If an elector Is willing to Iricur the have so-called short ballots, It is the names tem as It Is generally expected to function.
fine or wishes to contest the constitutionality of presidential candidates, not the electors. It would provide a certain and uniform sys-
of the law, he could still vote for someone that now appear on the ballot. tem which could not be manipulated from
else and his vote would be so recorded. Mr. If he functions as expected, the elector is State to State or from election to election.
Irwin testified that the prospect of such a only a conduit through which the popular In urging such an amendment, one scholar
fine would not have deterred him If there will Is conducted and a more reliable con- calls it a "housekeeping amendment." 40 This
had been such a law In Oklahoma In 1980. Suit is readily available. The popular vote approach was supported by President Ken-
In the emotionally charged climate of of each State can be transformed directly nedy as a Senator a and by the Department of
Presidential elections, circumstances are not into the electoral vote counting process. We Justice in our 1961 hearings .43 It has also
at all inconceivable where enough electors now have four steps: (1) The people elect been endorsed by an influential bar asso-
might follow Irwin's example to change the electors in November; (2) the electors meet elation u This amendment would at least
result of an election. Considering the and elect Vie President In December; (3) the put our present electoral house in order while
excess-baggage nature of the elector, why States certify the electors' votes to Congress; we continue the debate of whether to re-
should any risk be taken that a few in- and (4) the Congress counts and certifies the build its baste structure.
dividuals could someday miscarry an elec- final result in January. This proposal sim- CONCLUSION
tion when they have long since ceased to ply eliminates the second step and requires I would not attempt to predict which of
serve their intended purpose and are at the States to certify their popular vote totals e law or
when best an imperfect conduit? to Congress where it is simple arithmetic to the possible reforms maaybe c me8 years since
It is too bad the elector cannot be eliml- count the electoral votes accordingly. Le- may occur.
has
nated by a constitutional amendment which gally and constitutionally, we do not have a the constitutional method of electing the
said nothing more, but this is not possible. President-elect until December. If the elec- President be most touched in any t respect
s e
tors were eliminated, we would have a Presi- would p p
Any amendment which eliminates the votes dent-elect in November. ciflc claims for the future. However, I do
mr but retains the States' electoral votes Should the elector be retained for the pos- believe the climate for electoral reform is
uu include some means for translating Bible exercise of his constitutional discretion Improving perceptively and that some of the
seem votes. to in this interim? There is no conceivable most serious past obstacles are being re-
popular mvote ini pluralities
end ment w into would electoral
The mini amend e situation where the elector might exercise moved.
total one vote which pbe out that the State's a to his discretion which could not be handled Division among proponents of reform
has been better in e;ome other way. If the successful should lessen as a result of the current con-
to vn will be popular vote as h awarded
the winner of its oppar vote a8 has barn candidate dies between the November else- sideration of the subject by the public and
Inc virtually uniform practice for 135 years. tion and December electoral college meeting, ?
In much the same manner as electors' votes g'
are now certified to the Congress, the vote party regulations and State law now provide Alaska, Delaware, Nevada, Vermont, and
Wyomng each have one rdaesentative.
of the people for the candidates could be methods which direct the elector how to Ali
certified directly. Ample time could still vote. Once the electors meet and vote, we Wyoming Clay was tone e the popular
Crawford.
be allowed for resolving election contests at now have the same situation until Congress n Henry In
the State level before certification of re- Convenes is we would have without electors but ut h had the choice fewer oice electoral House votes e than n Crawo to
suits. In fact, more time could be allowed from the popular election until Congress the top echo, Clay was Hot Included.
and the possibility of resolving disputes in meets. N) new problem or vacuum would the B~~ "A New Course ic the Electoral
the Congress could be reduced because of bo crested. College Q Bur New York Times, Dec. le 1960 18,
the elimination of the intermediate step of Elimination of electors would also elimi- (magazine), New 10, cola. 1 4.
electors meeting and vdting. note the use of unpledged electors as oc- a S.J. Res. 132, 85th Cong., 1st seas. (1957).
tarred in two States In 1960. In a sense, this _ u See testimony of Nicholas deB. Katzen-
r Id. at 617. bath, Assistant Attorney General, in hear-
Id. at 607. w American Good Government Society, ings, supra note 2, at 371.
"Oklahoma Statute, ch. 28, secs. 5i3-522 "How Should the President Be Elected?" 12 City Resolution New York, the Bar 18~ Association of the
(1961).
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Lewis, of Touro anagogue in my home
city of Newport Toro synagogue
the United
fs e old snagoglie In
an is leis year marking the
s
s
~anmversary of its founding It
11 go en right in American society-the
right to be different
x is most fit ME, that we note this
American right and is anniversary to
darbecause this week has also been des-
-as Er-6fhl [hood Week, a time
Mien we pauseto exendiieiand of
Pi ndsi p ? and uncierstandIng to all
,}l rt'cans whaever their differeilces of
its or or creed alsbi Lewis comes
t us oc F ay as the living embodiment of
these traditions handed down now
thrtwo centuriesof Touro Syna-
o"Cie s proud history of service _to her
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on Feb-
ruary 8, 1963, the Washington Daily
News published an article entitled "Has
CIA Killed Anti-Castro Mag?"
- The article describes the publication
Bohemia Libre and the extent of its sub-
sidization by the U.S. Central Intelli-
gence Agency. The article reports that
the subsidy apparently has been with-
drawn.
At one point the article states:
According to this magazine's staffer, Bo-
hemia Libre furnished a U.S. Senator with
photos of the Russian buildup in Cuba and
that didn't help the administration either.
tl D -
emo
d i
February Y8
plant and Publisher 'Quevedo packed his
bags and barely made the plane.'
So he joined the exiles.
Bohemia thus became Bohemia Libre in
exile and in sheer vitriol outdid all other
Castro critics (no mean feat, these days).
IRONY
It is an irony, say Cuban exiles, that Bo-
hemia now is portrayed in the very role it
accused U.S. newsmen of playing: agent of
the CIA.
There's no doubt that Bohemia Libre's
spectacular format and content-it's a sort
of hot-licks, Police Gazette version of Life
magazine-made effective propaganda in sev-
eral Caribbean areas, as well as among Cuban
exiles in the United States, at least until the
Bay of Pigs disaster in April, 1961.
There is also no doubt that since then, it
s Curren y a
The Senator he name
has been not so sharp a tool. But, there is
crat. --also no doubt that the Red propagandists in
I do not know why my name was not Havana would crow over its final demise.
used directly by the newspaper, when it Here are several versions of why Bohemia
was the senior Senator from Oregon who hasn't been going to press recently:
obviously was involved. 1. A cartoon of the Kennedy family ached-
-- To set the record straight, I wish to uled for page 1 on January 1, was so insult-
say that these photographs were not fur- ing that the CIA lowered the boom.
lr5ic'l ,--?{" - 2. That knowledge of CIA support had
iciT ~n ma Tiav ~arnra ni?FarPri-?:n ma X
T-am, p,py indeed to welcome him to
the Sena a toc'Ca
' f'-'^ i _w.... leaxea so Lna' i nau ruuleu tine ulegaaiue b
"1 A responded "by suggesting that the pie-
effectiveness
Afm fur-es be taken to the appropriate intelli-
i
--4- -e +V- TT .Q r1----+ + 3. That the magazine has simply lost its
e 1?u -!Cry announce a e legisla-
pA priate response that I could make, or sidy of Bohemia Libre got into the hands of
s six Satesiad aroved the silolilci [lave ,mad,, to the offerer of the
n i po tax amendment which the photographs.
$"! Cgnress ~submited for ratifica- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
liaSr~Qr ed valialilyrom the Very the" same US. reporters as spies agents and of thepGove ment -who ale responsible for
be irini l~g in t ujy bjpartisan spirit to colonels in the CIA. collecting intelligence concerning Cuba.
Ob a1ri the ratifying results w111Ch have Finally Castro 's Red-glared eyes covetously Sincerely yours,
W e f warm a preC 2 [011 t0 t~le neporLer ewes uunuas or vile v iaia u irau- course oi action in regara To Duos anu one
tine-the hero treatment as long as they
spirit in which your telegram was sent, I
1Stln_guiSe enaorsrom Ca h- mp, athized with Castro's revolution. When suggest that it would be more useful to make
4r it r UCHEL and Mr 'NGLEI Who they became disillusioned Bohemia exposed these hoto a hs available to the agencies
allyennent by the legislature of his vid support for whatever Fidel said or did. tion of photographs on Cuba's military
EoheinTa gave U.S. S. newsmen covering strength. -
ate-_..
3xjell the }union ens r nom on ball publisher Don Miguel Angel Quevedo, Editor and Publisher,
ta~la r 1 ETCALFI who cosponsored
from his exotic modern ofRce paneled in rare New York, N .Y.
Vi Orously sunpotfed. and has Worked woods, complete with lavish washroom with DEAR MR. ANGEL QUEVEDO: I have your
F
t g 1ri Mere 11I 1- was indispensable " " Castro both before and after he took over P
.., .,.fc,ti Cuba.
gushed majority leader, the senior Seri- been. subsidizing It, and a couple of weeks as sugar, rum and various export firms, and
frgm 1VIontana 116Tr I~IANSFIELDI~ ago, got tired CIA itself doesn't care to recently Publisher Quevedo was in Puerto
?' Wbp dprectpd much time and efort in the discuss rumors Rico reportedly trying to interest the "state-
r)i$f fe Ve'k, t0 working withAhe lead Bohemia, one of the most spectacular and hood-for-Puerto Rico" group. Mr. Quevedo
-also has his eye on certain interests in the
0 is 1Vfonana egi Sla~are in Obtainsuccessful Spanish language per la cols n Dominican Republic and in Venezuela as
}ag favors file action on the amendment. the Western gemisphere when it was pub- possible angels.
44 a Xa ce i s ear in obtaining e`en- lashed in its palatial plant in Havana, idolized SS }i
y - So far re orts have it no angels are flying
r m
am
s
u
a
it Ss bi cis On to o& d!Stin- that the Central Intelligence Agency had and resourceful people among such interests
? 0te of X16 to feina ra l cafiOnecoming At any rate, publication has been suspended. or paid just the o ce ren-$ amore
9 tivE On ' e~i 069 For how long, nobody knows; it may be for- Bohemia Libre may not be as dead as its
y ' ever. recent failures to publish indicate. Bohe-
r Pr ~Sldent des eC1a, wish to eX t f
n colon are mis's boss and staff are well known as lively
b
Mi
i'
C
Llrl c tnae tine i~ isiaeurea oI Lwu Cie, the telegram 1 receives on January
Piave ratli ed tie' amend- 4, rQm the publisher of Bohemia Libre, workers, who also said there were financial
ma ing eig States in all wliiclr and my redly to him dated January 30. pre s.
to this magazine's staffer, Bohe-
aye aced avora6Ly. They are the There being no objection, the material mia Libre Furnished a U.S. Senator with
tae a IVtontana~ w chi approved its was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, photos of the Russian buildup irk Cuba and
, `a fy fi resolution y a Vote O 51 to 4 &Sfollows: _ that._f}i n't,help with the administration,
the 1VC~n ana3 sem avmg approved [From the Washington Daily News, Feb. 8, either. The Senator he named is currently
-l Teaol, ion 6 da s earlier, of .'anuary 1963] a Democrat.
-*by a Vote O to 37 and the State ,.. DEATH OF A BOHEMIAN-HAS CIA KILLED .. ..". .-... A MILLION
of kalif ornia whose legisTature I have ANT I-CASTao MAG? As to the size of the alleged subsid ; de-
n the amend- on wlio' toIkin Lib more
een orme nos a roved - o
BghelSlig ,Libre, sensational anti Castro P ending g' CIA spent
{ thealitOrnia matey a vote of weekly magazine, has quit publishing and than a million dollars on Bohemia re, or
to O and the California Mouse by a soiree say the CIA blew the whls Ie on "it: ""spent $2,500 a week on it for a couple of years,
- - - ffi 2 400 th
Congress, it would embarass the Kennedy
administration and the CIA-Just about as
thoroughly as the Bay of Pigs disaster itself.
5"WEF mouse acYvlser Ar`t'hur chIesIn'ger
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on vocational education and the very
great role vocational education can play,
but is not now playing, in providing jobs
for our young people. I ask unanimous
consent that the editorial be printed at
this point in the RECORD, and I yield the
floor.
There beln* no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
E' DIICATION, JOS TRAINING VITAL
A few figures quickly gave the dimensions
of one of America's critical problems.
In the decade of the 1960's automation
and related forms of technical change are ex-
pected to eliminate 2.5 million jobs- In the
same decade, 28 million young people will
reach working age, twice as many as in the
1950's. To give them employment, the Na-
tion will have to create 25,000 new jobs every
week. The Nation will also have to see to it
that the young people are trained to handle
the jobs.
How Inadequately job creation and job
preparation are now being accomplished is
suggested by the January employment re-
port of the U.S. Department of Labor. It
shows that j,3 percent of the teenagers seek-
ing employment and 9 percent of those 20
to 25 could not find jobs in 1982. For non-
whites the problem Is particularly serious.
The unemployment rate runs in excess of
50 percent for urban Negro boys.
Approximately one young jobseeker out of
every three enters the labor market as a high
school drppout. He lacks not only job skills
but the scholastic background to acquire
them. A Department of Labor official who
visited Milwaukee recently pointed out that
apprenticeship programs were closed to drop-
outs and that the armed services were re-
jecting virtually all youngsters who "can't
show a high school diploma." He said fur-
ther that only 5 percent of present unskilled
jobs would still exist by 1970.
. Retraining is looked to an the hopeful
means of preparing workers displaced by
automation for new and more demanding
jobs. For youths who haven't become work-
ers in any real sense of the word, the hope
lies in vocational training-training that will
excite young eople and hold them until
they acquire skills to get and hold good jobs.
How effective is our present vocational
training program? Not very, according to
many studies. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch
calls for reformation of vocational schools.
A survey by the Taconic Foundation reports:
"It is extremely questionable whether the
training absorbed by vocational high school
graduates is useful to them In getting em-
ployment and advancing on the job."
The Post-Dispatch makes a further point:
Last year 44.5 percent of Federal vocational
education funds went for agricultural train-
Ing although barely 1 young person in 15 can
look forward to farm labor. At a time when
emphasis should be on orderly transfer of
people from the land to the city, this alloca-
tion of funds makes little sense.
ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT TO
NOON TOMORROW
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that when the
Senate adjourns today, it adjourn to
meet at 12 o'clock noon tomorrow.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, It is so ordered.
LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR
TUESDAY
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, for
the information of the Senate, it Is
anticipated that tomorrow the Senate
will consider nominations on the
Executive Calendar; committee assign-
ments and selection of chairmen of
committees; and also a continuing reso-
lution for the special committees whose
authority he.s expired.
FIFTY-MILE HIKES
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, this Na-
tion is periodically swept by various
activities known as the latest craze.
Currently, as we are all well aware, 50-
mile hikes are the thing to do. Mr.
President, I am not against 50-mile
hikes, for those young enough and well
enough conditioned they are probably
a worthwhile form of exercise. And cer-
tainly anything that calls attention to
the need for physical fitness should not
be deprecated.
However much some of these hikes
may be only publicity gimmicks, not all
of them are that alone. I was particu-
larly pleased to learn that when certain
young people of my State took up this
activity, for example, they added a dif-
ferent twist that gave an entirely new
meaning to hiking.
Mr. President, the students at North-
west Center, a junior college in Powell,
Wyo., realized that the first 50-mile hik-
ers In that State would receive consider-
able publicity, and they decided this pub-
licity should be put to good use. So,
instead of marching for the glory of the
school or club, they marched to publicize
the need for clothing for the children of
Teraco. Peru, a community high in the
Andes Mourtains. These students were
well aware of the lack of adequate cloth-
ing in that remote village because a for-
mer student leader, Walter VandeVee-
gaete, is now serving there in the Peace
Corps.
I am most happy to report that this
combination of youthful spirits and hu-
manitarian purpose found a sympathetic
and enthusiastic reception in the hearts
of Wyoming's citizens. These students
set out yesterday to walk-in 1 day-
from Powell to Cody, Wyo., and return,
a distance in excess of 50 miles. And
when the eight survivors, including two
young women, struggled across the finish
line they were met by the news that more
than 1 ton of clothing had already
been collected and much more was on
the way. One of the marchers, Inciden-
tally, was Walter VandeVeegaete's sister,
Ramona.?
Mr. President, we have heard much In
recent years about the sad state of our
youth. They grow up in luxury, critics
say, and are soft and selfish, neither un-
derstanding or caring about the tradi-
tions that made this country great. The
activities of the Peace Corps and the
tremendous job done by our youth, in
less than normal American living condi-
tions, was the first large-scale event to
give the lie to this criticism of our youth.
I would that our adults could match
our youth, not only in education, but in
ingenuity in ideas.
The activities of the college students
in Powell, Wyo., have served as further
evidence that our national Ideals are still
strong In the hearts and souls of our
youth, and that they have displayed typ-
ical American ingenuity to further a
worthwhile cause. They have demon-
strated this in preserving the national
ideals which we associate with the his-
tory of our country. This is the spirit
of cooperation which has helped to build
the frontier, whether it be old or new. It
Is very much alive today.
DEATH OF OTTO D. SCHMIDT,
RECIPIENT OF CONGRESSIONAL
MEDAL OF HONOR
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, in
1906, while in the service of the U.S.
Navy, Otto D. Schmidt reacted heroically
to the explosion of a boiler aboard the
U.S.S. Bennington. For his actions in
saving the lives of a number of the crew,
he was awarded the Congressional Medal
of Honor, this Nation's highest military
honor.
From 1922 until his retirement in 1948,
Mr. Schmidt was an employee of the
post office in Norfolk, Nebr. He walked
some 69,000 miles carrying the mail to
his neighbors in Norfolk.
Mr. Schmidt served his country hon-
orably both as a seaman and a civilian.
On Sunday, February 10, 1963, he passed
away. His death reduced the number
of those awarded the Congressional
Medal of Honor now living to 290, only
14 of whom are peacetime recipients.
Mr. Schmidt was the last living Nebras-
kan to be given this medal.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed In the RECORD the
article about Mr. Otto D. Schmidt, of
Blair, Nebr., published in the Nor-
folk, Nebr., Daily News.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be published in the
RECORD, as follows:
Ex-Noarocx MxnAL or Hoxoa Halo Is DEAD
Otto D. Schmidt, 78, Blair, the only Nor-
folk resident ever to wear the Congressional
Medal of Honor. died Sunday at Blair after
a lingering Illness.
Funeral arrangements are pending.
Mr. Schmidt, a retired Norfolk mail car-
rier, was awarded the Congressional Medal
of Honor along with nine other Navy men
for heroism In the explosion of a boiler in
the U.S.S Bennington off the coast of San
Diego in 1906.
After the explosion, which killed 113 of
the 136 men aboard. Mr. Schmidt ran to the
deck and helped rescue some of the wounded.
He also went into the blast-wrecked boiler-
room and pulled out injured men.
For a few years before World War II, Mr.
Schmidt had the distinction of being the
only resident of Nebraska to wear the Con-
gressional Medal of Honor.
He came to Norfolk In 1917 and started
working for the post office in 1922. He re-
tired August 31, 1948, after having walked
about 89,000 miles.
After his retirement at Norfolk Mr.
Schmidt went to Blair to live.
He is survived by one son, Dale, of San
Monica. He was preceded In death by his
wife.
COMMENT ON PRAYER OFFERED
TODAY BY RABBI THEODORE
LEWIS. OF TOURO SYNAGOGUE,
NEWPORT, R.I.
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, it is most
appropriate that our opening prayer this
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(~~VtES~YO'AL REC~ZYTS -~ ? ATE
Ni W Stoax 7 January ~i 6 ~ p s en ,. we hear this argument- Ti1e scouted oftlc a`Iiy withthe administration.
i _
K
d
that
ced
Pres
n
enne
y
pro-
% pitol liuhdin fo many Government agencies, State and performing in the best interest of the e, United
Cg
in ton national. In my judgment, such an States and in keeping with a positive, pro
erazine congratuiates and gressive, and constructive policy in :4meri-
ent endangers very precious prin- can-Israel relationships.
R9 you on uiian miltar~ huld`up argum
6ou a sensatlonai collection of pro " ciples of freedom. I cannot reconcile i appreciate fully your desire to do me
tD a s received yestercYay from under some of the activities of the CIA with honor. The devotion of B'nai Zion to the
sources on bidet Vitro`s military the maintenance of precious rights of Jewish National Fund I have shared since
sreilg$li freedom to the Alllerican people ,Such boyhood. My mind goes back to the days
9uEVm? apprecy should be stopped. when in countless Jewish homes the only symb
lizat Mr ~~ x ,ent, t0 ITIy Tie ~t1e experience I have- rCCCn tly hei dream ofocent oriesf w shthealitt ei blue
mitld, t iS episode emp asYl~zeS a whole had iri connection with the 'pie--ureS box-the pushka of the JNF. It is for this
quest on Of the exteP-0- P suusi iza which were offered to me bears out m es reasons oY long friendship that I am
tfQn ib- A roe s anc ub1i point Apparently when a magazine or honored to be here tonight. I knew when
cation , l 1Ae In Illy mina a newspaper such as flcihemia Libre of- your committee called on me that I would
Cjo,estfon Oir how muc 1S, costing .tie fers to a wienaf r information which be Peaving'the Government service at the
end of 1962. I felt that I would want to
;Ap. eri ill t l a ers to keel pubhcatlons deals with the foreign policy of the
make public expression on American-Israel
il,)d po itica organizations of this kind United $totes one cannot be sure but relationships. This was the platform from
?per tang among t r ihari re ugees What It 1S being Offered with the approval which our President chose, while he was a
1~. stl 1 1 ueston is, C`IA
Abe ~ ~ Pb! of ~, c9.eiiatSZA to clarify his views on the subject.
W h l i t pur uses does a A i Su Sl ize it ce inl is an a ro riate lace for an
t1lelYi~ lax rRagees are well AMERICAN-ISRAEL RELATIONS American, who is a Jew, to do likewise. This
'
loe
olyx ness as a source of a a
i?n Q faecNay Of V !y
M'., MORSE. Mr. President, I ask diplomatic propriety demanded a high meas-
_ _~-
1_
p
i
.-. __-_ _
public _
imou
sent
have
r
nted
f
ilence
It _ ; ' the RECORD a speech on American-Israel Let there be no illusions about my official
Iax
role. My duties as a U.S. Ambassador in the
mil orces in Cuba bohemia Libre relations delivered in New York City on
r
en
ll
i
ts own Ietu
e5 s
sa
St y ca
s
3130de, February 10 by one of the great living United Nations concerned economic, social,
tignal lth t~1 Currnt_ s aLLte ocon-and financial matters. The politically sur-
gres io21a r rti, aS op Ose TO mrn- -Americans, Ambassador Philip M. Klutz- charged item of American-Israel relations
tsti1'a1QSl r ports the ussian bulfdup, nick. For the past 2 years Mr. Klutznick
was never assigned to me either at the Per-
has very effectively served our Govern- manent Mission or durin General Assembly
1vuci e wed missile Installations g
ends numbers oussian trools meat as U.S. representative on the Eco- sessions. Whatever I did in that regard was
111 one rymusl assugle that other YIOmiC and Social Council of the United informal either at the request of my supe-But 1yLeltgJ~e 4 smgs lave been o erect Nations. Recently he resigned. I am arior lwa ysor guidedat own the gge tion.s of ref tI ons
not on, v ,picures out countess al satisfied that he resigned for two coma ship within a government
tiQi as weld bsy rthe uban refugees, polling reasons: One, health; the other, It has been an edifying experience for me
tliel OlitiCa Or anS, an leer iu l to take care of his personal business to watch the American-Jewish community
"affairs. for the first time in
liC~t Or ans years from ,a relatively
yr,V much concerned about the In making this request, I wish to say detached vantage point. No less interesting
practice of tie IA 1V1n financial that in the wonderful speech on Ameri- has been the opportunity to observe the per-
llu c%Q, h,. pr amza lops anc"C, u ban-Israel relations which he made in formance of Israel and its diplomatic corps
llfaInst,_raiseS iclon that 24ew York City on February 10, he has whereswe met as fellow diplomats sea each with
they came ed by t enC~ O Wiip .left with us an account of his views on
us unalloyed commitment to serve different
and that subject which I think every Mem-
lTi) al~~ inflame Anerican o imon an though friendly countries.
ilk e e tr to Influence the ma~ing of pot- `ber of Congress should read. His speech It is my conclusion that the State of Israel he 61A , is an excellent one; and I, therefore, ask
and its personnel have matured and grown
i4y oYi.c~U -a in a Way that t -- - ,is not
3elfilfttect to Cl0 dlrec ly t raises fire unanimous consent that it be printed at rapidly both in their understanding and in
this point in the RECORD. their performance in the international arena.
the taxpayers
$ti S15ic3an that 'm on ey is
bi jn$ used t0 rOmOtO a]JartlCUar offcy There being no objection the speech On the other hand, the American-Jewish
faygl e b t eF Agen one w elch mad was ordered to be printed m the RECORD -are till itr frig too u de understand floundering. own role
nest be, In f e m with or m a te y even be as f o l l o w s W h t h e Our own country and in our rela-
ci- contrary O at Ofd a d m i n 1 S t r a t i o n . AMEaIcnx-ISRAEL REI ATIONS t g hip to Israel and ether Jewish commu-
T le ~ S relationS lp W I t f l Ile e x i l e d (By M . xlutznick to B nai Zion New nities of the world. This is not a criticism.
No,5s i is again n Iffy? 11 On, o the York City February 10 1963) It is a sincere observation made in good faith
u - out of the hoe that we can do something
110,04 ?4r C411T ESS10ria y Si1peTViSOri of the _ At your annual dinner a few years ago you p Agency honored a Senator who later became Fresi- about it.
Tlae ~gfgre 1VIr. Presides today I serve dent of the ti'nited States Be discussed' This is an enormous reaction in our Jewish
notice 7 at I plan fo answer fr Alferi American-Israel relationships in positive and community when Incident Involved in
I3ulle magazine article o recent hate candid terms. He amplified these views dur- American-Israel relationships arise. There-
i~I wl}ir a -u ort the thesis frig the campaign for the presidency in a fore, trying to anticipate and to understand
brilliant and constructive address in August this relationship may be the very key to an
that the CI-, nQ utecttO -1960 .In it he. set some difficult_and gh11- accelerated maturity as well as a more effec-
q congressional committee }s}iging goals for himself. In my 2 years of tive role for the American-Jewish conunu-
Lgain sta as Have staffed for years intimate concern with events inside the ad- nity. For all problems are by no means
in h ,C11 I th A A }1~, ministration affecting American Ysraef rela- solved
be hxi~ug`ht under bon i6sslonal Contro f16 nshipe, I found no gap between Prsident" By now, me know that regional tensions
f m. I e reason at In emOCr'aU Kennedy's views as he stated them earlier like those- in the Middle East are more dif-
t ,. and his earnest and dedicated performance ficuit, if not impossible, of solution, so long
AmexiCA 114 a0 ncy S lou d be given CA our Nation's Chief Executive. as the struggle between the West and the
police state powers i effect the LrIA As a consequence, I am saddened by ru- East is unresolved or unstabilized. There
eels dice state dowers TY1e~y _m attending my recent resignation. In is just too much room for competition for
slOl~b tali ri a~9y~! frOril ri andhe the English Jewish press in Canada, the temporary favors sought and granted by
Zem0er is mmII W"11- uC t Txlltesir?Ill?gdom, and Israel, and through competing sides to permit solid and lasting
theme from It some editorial comment in the United States solutions
t ;s w ~Pli or t elk it was suggested that the real cause of m We ware living in an unusual epoch. Big
sop>Sd at hesis "by a rather cfe ed `tesigna ion wasf my alleged dissatisfaction powers possess the greatest and most de-
lireseYitaion of some CIA policies -with the administration's attitude toward structive military strength in history. But
which q n~ 7f ll~yp xe i lie in a,-Israel. Such rumors are complete and un- it remains virtually immobilized while big
g sacs In tie wor T$~ "founded nonsense. In a matter so vital, I powers compete for the friendship of small,
O~ a`rijfli ld
would not play fast and loose with either weak, and poor nations. The meek have
C 115tl their -n thethe-dmlnlstration or theJewish oQmmtlnity trul
sane and
interited the earth An
y
y
.,_... grOt[7eict that one is oin do beatrtRus In spite of_problems that have arisen and reasonable attitude toward American-Israel
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this reality. Whether we approve of certain
relationships or not. It must be expected that
our Nation, in its own national interest, will
maintain friendly and helpful contacts with
many nations. Including not only Israel but
Arab, African, Latin American and Asian
states which appear to merit such considera-
tion. The peace of the world requires it.
Another aspect is self-evident but bears
repetition. On many Issues, Israel allnes
herself with the West (she has one of the
best, if not the best, records of voting on the
a zue side as the United States in the United
Nations among nontreaty states). Yet
Israel is, sovereign and as such acts as she
should In what she considers her own best
Interest. It is no less true of our own Na-
tion. Israel is not a satellite of the United
States or of the West; nor Is the United
States a satellite of Israel. Both Nations are
blessed with able, intelligent and energetic
leadership. Where energy, intelligence and
movement are present, possibilities for oc-
casional differences arise even while the
fundamental relationship is sound and
friendly.
Then again, the United States maintains
relationships with many friendly nations,
some of which are unfriendly to ode another.
The Israel-Arab situation Is not unique. The
'United States is friendly to both Pakistan
and India. Has this solved the Kashmir bit-
terness? The United States did Its best to
help set at rest the West Iris conflict between
the Netherlands and Indonesia. During the
process. Indonesia moved closer to the Soviet
and the Dutch publicly berated us at home.
Or one might ponder on the discomfort of
trying to be a constructive friend to Portu-
gal and to South Africa while trying to
maintain the United States' historic belief
in the self-determination of peoples. This
has not made life with either Portugal or
South Africa or, for that matter, with some
of the new African nations, a bed of roses.
Need one make the point more effectively
than to note the occasions when the United
States found itself at odds with Its oldest
ally, France, Including the startling events
of recent days, and with its close and old
ally._ the United Kingdom. In an over-
wrought, exceedingly tense and fluid world,
we must expect momentary incongruities.
These are usually passing phases with little
impact on long-term interests and more pro-
found mutualitles.
The closest of friends among the nations of
the world go through periods of disagree-
ment,, and foes find moments of agree-
ment. Consequently there is always the
passibility that differences can arise between
the Governments of the United States and
Israel. When In the judgment of the gov-
ernments of states that are friendly national
Interests conflict, it is not tragic so long as
basic and fundamental relationships remain
sound.
It Is dangerous to elect the role of a
prophet but our people have a tradition that
encourages the Jew to try prophecy. There
are several areas that in the future could
bring about momentary or ephermeral differ-
ences between the United States and the
State of Israel even with as friendly and un-
derstanding an administration' as that
headed by President Kennedy. I would hope
that this will not happen but in today's
world, anything can happen. Let us exam-
ine a few possibilities for a moment.
1. This administration believes deeply in
the right and the duty of a state to defend
itself from actual or threatened aggression.
The recent most classic example is Cuba. At
times In the past, and possibly In the future,
there have been different approaches to this
question by the United States and by Israel.
Our Government has held that a member of
the United Nations should exhaust the op-
portunities which that organization affords
for peaceful settlement before actually
shooting at the other side or shooting back
In retaliation. Even In the case of Cuba, the
United States took steps short of gunfire
when its whole existence was threatened un-
til the Organization of American. States and
the Security Council of the United Nations
Pzam+ ed the problem.
Iarasl has openly expressed doubt that it
can rely on the Security Council to protect
it against Arab States. She has felt, not
without some cause, that the Soviet veto
is alw.cye available so long as the Soviet-Arab
f9irtateon continues. Our country has felt
that anticipating a veto does not justify re-
fusing to present a case before retaliation.
It Is my estimate that currently there is
a bettor understanding on this question be-
tween the United States and Israel. Hope-
fully, this, with all of Its implied risks,
might avoid the kind of misunderstanding in
the Jewish community that arose in the
spring of 1983 when the Security Council
censured Israel But If Israel honestly fears
its chances in the Security Council and
therefore avoids Initiating Security Coun-
cil's processes when attacked, there is the
danger of a repetition of the unhappy events
of last year. If this should happen, the
Important thing will be to determine
whether it actually affects the long-term
friend:y relations between the two countries
or is It only an unfortunate, but nevertheless
passing phase.
2. Let us take a calm but brief look at
the Arab refugee problem. The United States
and Israel would both like to see this prob-
lem solved. Both countries are generally
moved by humanitarianism. But sovereign
states cannot afford generosity It other vital
Interests are seriously and adversely affected.
Israel properly fears for Its security In the
avant of large scale repatriation. The sine
qua non of sovereignty Is the security of a
nation's people. I am completely sanguine
that the Kennedy administration would
never deliberately and consciously encourage
a plan which would endanger the security
of Israel, no matter how urgent It regards
the desirability of an Arab refugee solution.
Yet, It Is Inconceivable that the Congress
will continue to make substantial appropria-
tions for UNWRA much longer without evi-
dence that a solution Is being actively sought
or Is cn the horizon. It seems patent that
both countries agree completely on three
things:
(a) It is politically desirable that the prob-
lem be solved;
(b) a solution must not adversely affect
the security of Israel; and
(c) that simple humanitarianism de-
mands that the problem be solved.
But there can be differences dictated by
differing exposures and accountabilities of
the governments Involved. These differences,
if they arise, can only yield to patient and
painstaking negotiation between the govern-
ments involved. The substitute of poiemlcs
will only complicate, not clarify.
Recent events tend to negate the prospect
of a serious split on this Issue. On a par-
ticular amendment in the General Assembly,
the Urdted States and Israel stood alone In
voting against It. The reasons differed, but
the fact created much comment in the halls
of the United Nations. The debate in the
17th Cenral Assembly and the voting pat-
tern suggest that maybe basic and overt
differences can be avoided. Nevertheless, I
am convinced that, in keeping with his pub-
lic pledges, the President and this admin-
istration will try for achievable solutions
but with sincere and intelligent regard for
Israel's security as well as the welfare of the
refugees.
3. In another area of potential static-
assistance to states not friendly to Israel--
I feel more at home as a result of my re-
cent work. One of the oldest foreign aid
debates is whether a donor state should dis-
pense aid to states unless they are allied
with It formally and Informally. This ques-
tion loses some of its steam if foreign aid Is
approached from a moral point of view. The
United States is the richest and most power-
ful Nation In the world. Like a rich and.
powerful Individual, it has some responsi-
bility to those less fortunate. How and to
what extent it discharges this is within its
own control. But, If it acts for selfish rea-
sons alone, the decisions may be self-de-
feating. Just like philanthropy distributed
for self-aggrandisement loses Its flavor, so
foreign aid used to buy friendships rarely
succeeds.
On the other hand, one must candidly
recognize that if foreign aid strengthens a
country, such added strength can be used for
better or for worse. A nation sincerely try-
ing to develop economically has little time
and less resource for military adventure.
Self-defense is all It can afford at best.
Some states have not yet learned this truth.
I believe that the hope for peace in the
world depends on the elevation of the eco-
nomic and social standards of many peoples.
This is a fundamental objective of the United
Nations Charter. It has symbolized the
policy of the United States In this post-war
era. Itcan be honestly argued whether aid
extended to certain Arab States will blunt
the edge of their antagonisms toward Israel
or feed the flame of their hostility. But
it cannot be disputed that the presence of
a constructive US. Influence should tend
to lessen potential troubles.
This is a disturbing problem. When a
state that proclaims belligerence and
threatens hostilities against a neighbor Is
provided food and credits, It Is reasonable
to assume that It is strengthened to commit
war even though the aid itself is directed
to other channels. A historic analysis of
such situations will demonstrate that there
are risks in either aiding or withholding
aid in a dangerous world. On the balance,
the odds should favor establishing a con-
structive U.S. Influence if possible and in
elevating the economic and social level of
the people themselves. It is foolhardy to
do so recklessly without careful and rational
examination accompanied by constant re-
view.
So long as the United States is in the
position of making choices and decisions
that could affect the cause of peace and
the Interests of the free world, questions
will continue to arise as to whether our
policy at a given moment promotes the eas-
ing or heightening of tensions in the Mid-
dle East. We must be careful to relate what
happens to policy objectives, to the degree
of caution that Is exercised'and to the fre-
quency of the review of potentialities.
Perhaps, under such circumstances, any
open split involving friends of Israel will
be averted.
But actually, it is not these dramatic and
isolated issues that provide the basic tests of
American-Israel relations any more than they
do of U.S. relations with many friends. The
real tests rest on far more fundamental mat-
ters than votes in the United Nations or
Whether a little more or a little less aid
should or should not have been given to a
country not friendly to Israel or whether
solutions for the Arab refugee problem
should be sought in one way or another
openly or clandestinely. The real question
is will a great power help a relatively new
and struggling small state to maintain its
independence and Its sovereignty if its se-
curity Is endangered and will it help that
state overcome an adverse economic balance
so it can escape national poverty.
In these matters of real life or death I
speak with complete conviction. The inde-
pendence and security of Israel are an ele-
ment of the U.S. foreign policy. This is not
a new policy. But in recent months It
passed the acid test. The United States has
never provided major arms assistance to the
State of Israel. Other countries have done
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SIGNATURE
Remarks: Attached is a n extract from the Con rea-
sional Rec Ord of 18 February containing state-
ments made by Senator Morse against the Agency
in connection with the recent Dai News article.
As indicated, Senator Morse has stated he plans
to have much more to say on this, subject.
Assistant Legislative Counsel
cc: DCI, DDCI
FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
FROM: NAME. ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
DATE
a
LA " Or Release
r-
UNCLASSIFIED CONFtD
(40)
FORM No. 237 Use previous editions
9_1.1 G I
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1961 0-587282
 "Approved For Re easy 20Q 3 { A; F - 00 tIt 5 =0 '
D D ,offered tiie following prayer:??_"- "` "
r John 4 21 `2hisc6rrcmandmnent have
we ; from Iim, that he who Ioveth God
must love his brother also.
Abjght and ever blessed God grant
that In ti le Srotlierhood Week we may
have a clear vision of the high "andhelp-
fujthings which we may do together for
the lien th andhappiness of all mankind.
akQus umbly grateful for the many
oppol tunnies tnat are 'contrnualry
Coming to us -to speak a word of good
cbeerand to extend ahand of helpfulness
to the neecl'y members of the human'
May we realize more fully that the
question "RAm I my brothers keeper?",
must, be answered conclusively in the
affirmative
EnAble W toygo in and out among our
ellova znen as the heralds of a new ctay
when men and nations shad live as
brothero on the high ;levels of peace gaiid
good will
1elp us to practice the Golden Rule
and inspire us , with those finer thoughts
and feedings that are the progenitors of
acliieyggment in the bui cling of a nobler
civilize Ion.
Hear us in, Chriss; name., Axnen.
THE JOUF,IJAL
Thp ,journal of the proceedings of
",Chnrsday, February 14, 19G3, was read
and A R T
,..
MoNaY, FEBRUARY 18, 1963
The SPSA ER Is there objection to
homa?
There was no objection.
LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY
It has never accepted the attempted
liquidation of the Republic. At the time
when in their hearts there is a silent
celebration of their 1918 Independence
-
(Mr. PRICE asked and was given per- J / 1_
mission ro aaaress Ulle muse LUr i 11LILL- 1 UNITED NATIONS FUNDS TO
ute)
Mr. PRICE. Mr. Speaker, one of the (Mr. FUQUA asked and was given per-
somber monuments of the Hitler-Stalin mission to address the House for 1
era is the continued occupation of an- minute.)
cient free nations by foreign systems. Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, one of the
The Lithuanian Republic is still oc- continuing international problems which
cupied and controlled by the Soviet faces the Congress and all of the Ameri-
Union. It is the victim of a period in can people is that of Cuba. Here we find
human history when small nations were a Communist government only 90 miles
exchanged like pawns in the savage off the coast of Florida, actively sup-
confrontation between the Nazi and ported by troops of the Soviet Union.
Soviet warlords. It seems to me that this Nation can-
The Soviet army marched into Lith- not rest as long as Castro and his kind
uania in 1939 after the Hitler-Stalin Pact remain in power in our hemisphere.
had given the Nazi war machine a free The subversive activities of his govern-
hand in Western Europe and Hitler paid ment to the other Latin American na-
the price by agreeing that Stalin could tions poses more of a threat than that
occupy the Baltic Republics. of the weapons and Soviet troops that
The fighting of the war that followed remain in Cuba.
is long since ended, but the Soviet oc- I supported the President's firm action
cupation of Lithuania continues. The in having the missiles and missile bases
people of Lithuania deserve something removed from Cuba, and I believe this
better. They deserve the moral support Nation must have just as firm a policy
that we can give by recognizing in dealing with this Communist dictator-
their contributions to freedom and their ship to insure its eventual overthrow. 11 honorable history. As a Member of the Congress, an ac-
s thicountry; tens of thousands of tion by the United Nations last week
Americans of Lithuanian descent cele- shocked me. We find that the United
brated this month the anniversary of Nations Special Fund has approved a 6-
dfver-
l
f
b
h t
C
t
an crop
an
or
u
es
p
a better day-the day in 1918, Febru- mont
of their father= sification. I wrote U.N. Ambassador
l
"??? wh
th
p
e
en
e
eop
l Al 1 A 1l 1GTONS , land proclaimed their independence of Stevenson a vigorous denunciation of this
act which I consider an insult to the
y They set up a republic. They orga-
utian unanimous s ooii Consent ghat on Thursdav, orga-
nized their society as a free people.
February 21, 1963, VV`ashmgton s l are- They asserted their right to live free of
_e11. Address may be read by a Iv4eniber foreign aggression from whatever source.
to be designated by the Speaker. In the brief decade Lithuania had, it
''be Sl h Is there objection to
the request of e established its place in the forefront of
th gentleman fromOkia -
hoa4 progressive democratic societies. It
Tlerew~s no objection. pushed an educational program that cut
the rate of illiteracy from two-thirds of
The program calls for a reported $100,-
000 to be spent by the U.N. in this test
program, and if successful, to be ex-
tended for 5 years with the U.N. share
of the eventual cost to be $1.2 million.
The remarks of Paul G. Hoffman,
American manager director of the Fund,
that no American funds would be used
in this project is ridiculous on the face
The SPEAKER Pursuant to the spe-
vial ?Aide agreed to today,- tlie` hair the people to less than 15 percent. The of it. We have, in this Nation, attempt-
designates the gentleman from YJtah Lithuanian Republic adopted the first ed to keep the United Nations a forum
[Mr. BURTON] to read Washington's land-reform law of modern Europe. for world discussion, paying a far heav-
F'arewefi Address'immedia ely following All of this was built upon a cultural ier than proportionable share of the Nations
, and the approval oflthe 1oiirnal on hebruary" and national tradition that goes back to then fid nd this organ atingn xpens aid to
It was created by peo-iving
13th centur
th
y.
e
n ple who welcomed the chance to spend the Communist menace only 90 miles off
their nergies in proving their right to our shore.
Clk1~l"lE Olt 1AiG AIdDF an indgpendent place in the world. I called on Ambassador Stevenson for
144E rBI2T ldtr Speaker, I ask pied by tfie Soviets but we have a right find our country in the position of giving
]te g1 coxient h a t the Committee to doubt that the spirit of the people is funds on one hand, to be used by our
on -nkkipg and Currency mayy Be ier eo'ntluere'd sworn and mortal enemy on the other.
debate Co- f The U.S. Government has quite prop- I regard this action of the U.N. an
S uring eneral
to sit
ttt~d
?
,
,
dam and ao on February9, 25,, and erly declined to recognize the legality of insult to the United States and have
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r ADDRESS both old imperial Germany and ?revolu-
United States.
 2326 Approved F60NOSTsM2()0+ /2ffiCCWd&BPBM9$83R0002002300 ruary 18
To my mind the problem of Cuba is
the No. 1 foreign policy problem which
faces this Nation. It cannot be swept
under a rug. It cannot be hidden. Only
strong and forceful leadershfp will
enable us to blot out this menace to our
Nation and the free world's security, and
r i
11 MUNIST THR TO/ THE
SECURITY OF THItS HEMISP
(Mr. MATTHEWS asked and was giv-
en permission to extend his remarks at
this point in the RECORD.)
Mr. MATTHEWS. Mr. Speaker, to-
day the House Subcommittee on Inter-
American Affairs opens its hearings into
the vital matter of Communist threats
to the security of this hemisphere.
In this regard, I wish to call the at-
tention of the House to an article by Mr.
James Free, of the Washington Bureau
of the Birmingham, Ala., News.
Mr. Free points out the qualifications
and extensive experience of the House
Subcommittee on Inter-American Af-
fairs to conduct these investigations in
the interests of our Nation and our hem-
isphere.
Mr. Free's article follows:
BELDEN AND STENNIS CALLED OooD BETS To
0ET FACTS ON COSA
(By James Free)
WASHINGTON, February 12.-Strictly down-
the-middle probes of the Russian buildup in
Cuba can be expected from both subcom-
mittees of Congress that will buckle down
to the task after the lull this week for Lin-
coln's birthday.
The two chairmen, Senator JOHN C. STEN-
NIS, Democrat of Mississippi, and Represen-
tative Aaasxsmae SELDEN, Democrat of Ala-
bama, are conservative Southerners with no
close administration ties.
While they will not hesitate to bring out
fable embarrassing to the Kennedy adminis-
tration, neither will they have any com-
punction about making a report that might
pull the rug out from under Republican
charges against the administration.
Moreover, between the two investigating
groups, the American people should be able
to get a comprehensive picture of Russia
strength In Cuba and the extent of the
threat to this hemisphere.
BTENNIs' Preparedness Subcommittee will
center Its attention on military aspects. with
subversion and related dangers being sec-
ondary but significant matters of concern.
BsLDEN's later-American Affairs Subcom-
mittee will stress the extent of the Com-
munist subversion threat from Cuba tQ
Latin America on a country-by-country ba-
sis. Comparative military power will be con-
sidered only as it pertains to the ability
of various countries to resist subversion.
Both. STYNNIS and B=EN will inquire into
present long-range US. policy regarding
Soviet military bases and forces in Cuba
or elsewhere in the Americas. Here, again,
emphasis of the Senate subcommittee will
be on defense policy, while concern of the
House foreign affairs group will be on diplo-
matic policy.
Beyond question, there will be some du-
plication in the information brought out by
the two investigating subcommittees. But
this should help assure a balanced perspec-
tive and provide more varied sources of
information.
the muzzling-the-military handling of hot past probes--
the hearings last year,
for example-has won him a reputation as
a steady, impartial, and cool man with a
gavel. His early years as a circuit judge
show through clearly.
On-am bas yet to prove his mettle in
hlghl3 publicized hearings. But House col-
leagues point to his early and largely ignored
warnings on Cuba, first to the Eisenhower
administration and later to the Kennedy
administration. They note his leadership In
alism Both have been dissatisfied with the
Kennedy administration tendency to rate the
Soviet buildup mainly in terms of "offensive"
or "defensive" weapons.
Sax.DEN and STENNIS, as well, have had
fully as much information about Russian
troops and weapons In Cuba as have had the
Republicans who publicly charged the ad-
ministration with sugar-coating the story.
Neither chairman has remained silent on
Cuba, but any comment has been restrained.
Back on December 18, for example, 8a.DaN
told this reporter there were "at least 15,000"
Soviet troops In Cuba. This was some time
before the administration admitted this
omelaily.
BELDEN's subcommittee will conduct 3
days of hearings starting February 18. Two
comparable periods of testimony will be
scheduled later.
STENNIS' subcommittee so far has heard
only one witness: John A McCone, Director
of the Central Intelligence Agency, In closed
session. But other witnesses will testily
starting probably week after next. And sev-
eral weeks of additional hearings are In
prospect.
THE FALLACY OF TOO MUCH
PLANNING
(Mr. SHORT asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, to revise and extend his remarks, and
to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, some time
back a large audience heard an acknowl-
edged eloquent speaker say:
I do not believe that Washington should
do for the people what they can do for them-
selves through local and private effort. There
is no magic attached to tax dollars that have
been to Washington and back.
These words have a ring of truth. They
are a simple statement of fact, and are
quoted from a speech made before the
Associated Business Publications Con-
ference, held at the Biltmore Hotel in
New York City, on October 12, 1960.
They were made in connection with a
discussion of American economic policy,
and underscored a plea for a strong
economy in our country, thus "not only
to sustain our defenses, but also to
demonstrate to other nations, particular-
ly those wavering between our system
and the Communists-that the way of
freedom is the way to strength and secu-
rity-that their future lies with us and
not with the Soviet Union."
That portion of the speech I have just
quoted ends with this statement:.
That Is the basic Issue of 1960-and that is
why each candidate must make clear his
views on economic policy.
Now, lest some who read this imme-
diately assume the speaker was one of
those labeled as "reactionary"-of whom
it has been said "he has one. eye ahead
and one eye on the rearview mirror"-
let me identify the eloquent speaker
whose words opened and have been
quoted in this statement of mine. It
was Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy,
running for the highest office in the land,
the Presidency.
Since Senator Kennedy succeeded in
his ardent desire to become President,
the Congress has received well over 60
messages-not one of which failed to re-
quest, or was accompanied by, proposed
legislation which would result in Wash-
ington doing for the people what they
should do for themselves, through local
and private effort, with the exception,
of course, of provision for our national
defense.
It would be easy-and the temptation
is great-to protect some of the illusions
cherished by a portion of the American
people, and lay at the door of the much-
berated Presidential advisers, or even
brother Bobby, the blame for many of
these requests for legislation. However,
the facts are that these messages to the
Congress came directly from the Presi-
dent, were signed by him with his full
knowledge of their content and impli-
cation, and he further has aggressive-
ly and consistently pressed for enact-
ment of a major portion of these pro-
posals.
All these legislative proposals were
presumably geared to the President's
repeatedly expressed wish to "move
America ahead." And we all know now
that without the Congress enacting even
a smidgin of these proposals, we have
indeed moved ahead-rapidly and in-
exorably-to the fantastic planned budg-
et expenditures of $98,802 million for
1964-to the Increase by 135,510 in Fed-
eral personnel since the change in ad-
ministration in 1961-to the planned
deficit of $11.902 million for 1964-and
thence to an estimated national debt of
$315,604 million which will extend much
further than 1964. And all this with-
out a determination and inclusion of
the actual total cost of additional Fed-
eral aid to education, additional Federal
medical care for the aged, additional
Federal assistance to urban areas, or
even a successful trip to the moon.
We have also moved ahead-rapidly
and Inexorably-to the final culmination
and humiliation of a Communist regime
only 90 miles from our southeastern
Atlantic coast. Not only is this Com-
munist government completely equipped
by the Soviet Union with arms and
troops, supposedly for self-defense, but
it likewise possesses the additional
bonus of our diplomatic guarantee
against invasion. This is now crowned
by the promise of United Nations aid to
agriculture for this Communist nation-
indirectly financed by our own funds.
Mr. Speaker, I would like permission-
to revise and extend my remarks and
include with them an article written by
Henry Hazlitt, entitled "The Fallacy of
Too Much Planning," which appeared
in the Reader's Digest of February 1963
as a condensed version of the original
article in Newsweek of September 24,
1962. This article expresses some well-
known truths, which we as a Nation
should be willing to face, lest we find
ourselves-trod forbid-at the point of
no return:
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 4WN. $bO February 18
Api`oved F~~ Fee z y
l~lA-0383 60230052-0
.
culture mays y
Qstof us are not farmworkers; we live in version. the past 2 years, most of the above has
Cea wenow that Amerman industry is Venezuela Is the No. 1 target because the been accomplished by Venezuelans using
- o 4fu1 .'. oth labor and manageliient are Alliance for Progress is succeeding there. Venezuela resources.
orga'fifzed we are a-Viighty Nation. Wan- It is the No. 1 target because the subversion A further reason for the cordial relations
dering far`mworkers seem far away, of Venezuela with its huge resource of oil currently maintained between the United
.-:.but, we must not forget that freedom is and iron would provide a springboard for States and Venezuela is the. caliber of-our
In, ivisibre human rights`belong to all. If the penetration of the entire South Amer- representation there. We have in Ambassa-
af a rge segment o our eooriouiypractices scan Continent. It would convert the Carib- dor C. Allen Stewart one of the top pm-
tyranny, America is weakened. If we permit bean into a Communist sea. - bassadors in all Latin America. He is a man
ll wl n"rjgiits to-be denied anywhere, they The U.S. Government must make it clear of courage, resourcefulness, integrity, and
alfb in ,Jeopardy everywhere.- When the rights to all that an attack on Venezuela will not strength. He is highly regarded by Vene-
of minorities are violated, the very idea of be permitted to succeed. It will be repelled, zuelans, by his fellow diplomats, the Ameri-
c Cation of migrant labor In American fineries, and the pirating of the ship area -5
a part of this pattern of violence and sub- substantial assistance to Venezuela during
eA utterl foreign to us
Mhl-
T.1meKiur tam .rata ua ..~ o ........ b ?.~....-- .,-----' ""- ------ -~ -- - - _.-----
} in ote`ra le 'tuti'on f6eertt burning of the Sears, Roebuck ware- dents are now the greatest cause of death in
m'e prZes -3n hr a thought. The house, the sabotage of the Maracay oil re- the 5 to 45 age group.
11 Alth h the US Government has given
!!he u. Senate has assed aevera~l pieces astrois Cuba, the Communists have un- Venezuela has onlyi 7 infilion inhabitants.
i- it taaah.A a. r?nflrrual torrent on intimidation. The health program of the Betancourt gov-
the responsibili and the tragedy of all of
treatment of the migrants in recent `
ye6,r has Been irnsedrthy'of us as 'a free peo-
pfe 3t hoe been a national disgrace. Not
all farmers, are to be blamed; not all grow-
dishonest; but the system itself has
Jaen moron' All too often br'aceros and
Ciizen migrants Have been -treated shame-
fklly lfow at'lorig last, public opinion rises
Ap to con"demn-these -iniquities which have
',hurt our good name around the world, par-
tcuarly in Latin America.
}{ O B CfSIN S
Tie PE I~Cx . Is there'
ft}rjh ,_ morniri business nod, morn-
itjlg business is closed
'
btained the floor.
iV r ff Ao
Alti rose
1Vf
_
14r f##S A Mr President I yield
tb t e enator tom Pennsylvania.
tale Senator from ebr ka f r his
{41 t8sSS
-)_ .
7
political attacks from the extreme left and
the economic harassment from the extreme
right. With the help of the United States
it will survive the current external Com-
munist attack and continue represent a
beacon of democracy in a iftubled Carib-
bean.
The government of President Betancourt
in Venezuela is a progressive government.
It is open and friendly to the United States
and vigorously supports us in all interna-
tional councils. It respects private property,
private capital, and investment. It eucour-
ages"capital investment. And at the same
"time it sponsors 'the broadest social reforms
and developments for its people. It has
strong trade unions, rural cooperatives, and
all the things we know. about in this country.
It is a government that is acting boldly in
the fields of housing, health, education, and
.rural development. The Communists are
determined to destroy the Betancourt gov-
ernment because they know that if constitu-
tional democracy '_succeeds in Venezuela,
communism in Latin America will have suf-
fered a disastrous defeat. President Betan-
court is one of the great leaders of our hemi-
sphere, and no man has done more to insure
the success of the Alliance for Progress.
.
,
great ata esmen of this hemisphere, istry of health now has a budget of over $100 levels throughout Latin America.
epStleBt 9mufq e-tango t, of Venezuela. Million a year. It has 19,000 employees, "To those prophets of doom who, for rea-
$TATFMEN'r BY ENAT9R UBERT . nIIMPHaEY iuest~ atta:aaa taco ua rcucc,uc=a,. - mg governmenes as west as pravaoe cuter-
s.t Bout government has developed one of the prise, both local and foreign, in a vast co-
T
d 4 we welcome to Washington one of continent's best health programs. The min- operative effort to raise economic and social
;>
point, with the attachments to the state eradicating Caracas' enormous slums. but to give you my views on the most dra-
111ht, Daring, my visit to Caracas I was privileged matio, program for social and economic prog-
?'there being no ob7 ion, t e state- to be present for the signing ofthe `$30 teas ever devised in modern times. I refer,
8e'fat,c from Minnesota, I -ask uriani- in elementary schools has almost doubled,_ rig ,000 to 1,100,000. Under
"Indeed, all Venezuela is moving ahead,
iYio is Q -MA--t.,$lia a s atemerit he would increasing from 600,000 its new democracy. I seriously doubt
the Venezuelan agrarian reform program, 55,-
h#ye made to tfle Senate with respect that, now that Venezuela has experienced 4
000 campesinos have received their own plots
Jo_ he-0it by President l _etaf land. Rural housing and a community Years of progress under a free system, it will
*lt eh are ataclied a, number of exhibits, _ development program are underway, and an ever again tolerate the enslavements of either
may 'be printed In the RECORD at this attack has been started on the problems of rightist or leftist to cono.
"But I have coma e not not to mpliment you
been, in the impending visit of Presi- total national budget, the level which the fre, some ow ey s
derit Ionulo "Betancourt, of-Venezuela, ? Este Conference recommended be and with a more purposeful gait. Tachira;
unta,del I can say from personal observation, is mov-
tQ our c0uil ry.~ At tie request of he achieved by 1970. The number of students 1 h d
3 {" ~? k"~" tion have tripled, reaching the level in 1962
1XiL3 h iTlterested as many Of us have of $231 million. This Is 16 percent of the Your people are the sturdy Andinos of be
b t h th eem to move faster
u ,_ , o, where once a arge wn s o ,ar e
re
o
1 to
b Will be able o tenor pro ws when made in recent months in improving the liberal attitude, and a vibrant spirit of grog-
_gr " ace of business activity. k e 6tllr?is to 11e Senate next week.. P ress that has grown with the years. There
hient Conference I commend him for ' in meats have February o been largely e po ca
overcome thanks still with. I hope, a newspaperman's instinct
1115 irite "rest lrithis Sub, bet &ndl i11 the to president Betancourt's courage and astute- for observation, that the mountains and
YSe Otiation o ?a test .'ball Treaty, and ness? Though the economic harassments clouds haven't changed but almost every-
kiope that as a result of his"visit there have been more unyielding, progress has been thing else has. There is a modern city
Wn
d i
t
,
er
me
Ir gov g
Sator tom nrie5o a LiVir fluM Progress in action. President Betancourt sting what was then a rather challenging
eselltj InZ eneva wltzer- started his own Alliance for--Progress type road from Bogota to Caracas on reassign-
economic development and social ment. Needless to say, I am delighted to
l iisl, it "ending as a congressional ob- program of be back.
$.rye>` the Proceedings at the Disarma- reform when his government was inaugurated r
I 1959 Th liti 1 harass- "I find on returning as a diplomat, but
of the U.S. Government woo xnow of sue ,wu
he is doing there.
Recently Ambassador Stewart discussed
one of the thorniest problems facing the
Alliance for Progress, that of the role of
private enterprise in the Alliance. In an
address to the Rotary Club of Tachira in the
State of San Cristobal in January of this year
he stated, "free enterprise is an essential
element to the Alliance for Progress lust as
it is basic to the democratic system. Ju-
diciously regulated where necessary, and
complemented by government efforts where
it lacks the incentive to perform, free enter-
prise has provided the mechanism for eco-
nomic progress of the free world." In this
address, entitled "Capital and Confidence:
Keys to the" Alliance," Ambassador Stewart
then spells out the various problems affront-
ing the American businessman in Venezuula
in particular and Latin America in general.
It is an excellent statement and should be
read by all those interested in the partner-
ship of free enterprise and economic progress
in Latin America. I attach a copy of the ad-
dress at this point in these remarks:
"CAPITAL AND CONFIDENCE: KEYS TO THE ALLI-
ANCE
"(Address by U.S. Ambassador C. Allan Stew-
art before the Rotary Club of Tachira, San
Crist6bal, January 22, 1963)
HUMPHREY OF M1NNU'1.A "My
' with President Betancourt and leaders of his last visit to the Andes was nearly 20
nt and of viewin the Alliance for years ago as a news correspondent negoti-
ARI ' ~1hr p'resident` the senior
n
11 T
sayProgress succeed, let me
C 12pe4 e r g centers. The g s pro-
Am, attack ii Latin.Americage Ope sting from gram h is' appreciated d when we recall that saya Just this PrAlthough the Alliance is very
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 Appro 86QMR 4A4WA 00383R,000200230052-0 2311
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the Recogp,
as follows:
Tt;E. PASSrrra SCENE
(By William S. Whitey
uraafsrmENT Aonrr or CUBA Tnas-r
An Inquiry of'enormous implications into
the exact present military position in Castro
Cuba is about to be opened by the Senate
through one of its elite bodies. This Is the
Preparedness Subcommittee headed by sen-
ator JoaN C. STENNLs. of Mississippi.
There are Senate investigations and there
are Senate Investigations. Some are disrup-
tive headline safaris, inflaming public feel-
ing and smearing honest people on the basis
of "verdict frst-evidence later." Some are
of the finest quality: careful, fair, searching,
pitiless but not petty, vigorous but not
virulent.
Almost certainly, on the group's record,
the investigation into Cuba to be made
shortly by S'rrNNls' Preparedness Subcom-
mittee will be one of these latter, a service
to the highest interests of the United States
and of this hemisphere.
What Senator STENNss is interested in is to
determine In behalf of the Senate, from
our own military and intelligence sources and
from responsible Cubans, precisely what So-
viet armament remains in Cuba and pre-
cisely what capacity it may have to en-
danger this country or any other in the
hemisphere.
No second guess
There is no purpose either to haze Presi-
dent Kennedy or to protect President Ken-
nedy. There is also no purpose to second
guess either the l~re$ident's lack of sup-
port for the doomed patriots' invasion of
Castro Cuba in the spring of 1961 or the
President's strong action against the Soviet
missile lodgment in Cuba in the fail of 1962.
What STzNNis and his colleagues-one
of the beat sets of men in the Senate and
the most unpartisan when It comes to na-
tional security-moEt want to know is where
we go from here. They are not too inter-
ested in who did what to whom In the lost
yesterdays.
If they can sustain this Spartan course of
sheer factfinding they will have given the
whole Nation not excluding President Ken-
nedy himself-fresh reason to 1 glad that a
Senate Preparedness Subcommittee exists.
For the problem as to Cuba is twosided.
It is vital to have a public audit independent
of that of the administration as to Castro's
present offensive capabilities. But it is no
leas vital not to let some partisan motivated
and incompetent Senate group rush into
this sensitive area and trample all over the
Constitutional right of any President to run
the foreign. policy of the United States, right
or wrong though his decisions may be
thought to be.
Given inaction by STENNIS, just such a re-
sult probably would have followed. Given
the readiness of the Stennis group to act,
however, the strong probability is that be-
cause of its demonstrated competence and
responsibility and restraint all hands will be
satisfied to leave the matter in its hands.
A fateful verdict
And at the end, the country will have rea-
son to rely on the findings of these good and
able men-plus one woman: Senators STzN-
NIS, STUART SYMINGTON, of Missouri, HENRY
JACKSON, of Washington, and E. L. BAarz,m-r,
of Alaska, all Democrats, and LzvrarrT SAL-
TONSTALL, Of Massachusetts, MARGARET SDK,
of Maine, and Basay GoaowATas, of Arizona,
all Republicans.
It they find that Cuba in fact still poses
an offensive threat to this country or hemis-
phere, they will simply say so. If they And
No, 23-8
that Cuba to tact is no such otfonstvq_=&laQ0 nlty there are two powerful nations which
they will simply say so. deny the dignity of man and human rights.
Thus, the verdict may be nothing lees than They are bent on world conquest; they d--
fatstui. If the verdict Is that Cuba is still spies the American way of life; they will
& seat GL,mortalperil to this hemisphere It- crush us if they can because we block their
will BureIJ :chow that Cuba in due time will path to total, ruthless tyranny. Since these
be Invaded and sanitized-not necessarily by Communist governments do not believe in
the United States Itself, but Invaded and God they cannot believe In man because the
sanitized all the some. If the verdict is that creature has dignity only when he stands in
Cuba Is only a defensive lodgment of com- the reflected grandeur of his Creator.
munism, the present slow course of trying to These two countries of the East have
isolate and rut down Cuba by measures short placed in jeopardy our survival as a nation.
of war will continue. They plan to resid t f
e a
PLIGHT OF SEASONAL FARM-
WORKERS
Mr. WILL IAMS of New Jersey. Mr.
President, one of the most courageous
leaders in the fight for a better life for
one of America's most underprivileged
groups, our seasonal farmworkers, has
been the archbishop of San Antonio, the
Most Reverend Robert E. Lucey. As
executive carman of the bishops' com-
mittee for life Spanish speaking, he has
long shown a deep concern for the mi-
grant farmworkers, so many of whom
are Spani h-speaking Americans. Re-
cently his efforts and achievements re-
ceived the recognition they most cer-
tainly dese-ve when the Houston Chapter
of the American Jewish Committee
bestowed on Archbishop Lucey the first
annual Max Nathan Award. On that
occasion, the archbishop gave a most
forceful and inspiring speech on the life
of the migrant laborer. I was most im-
pressed with the archbishop's remarks
and am sure that will be of interest to
ray colleag aes in the Senate.
I ask unanimous consent that It be
printed in the body of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ADsnzss Or Bus EXCELLENCY, TUC MOST
RxvzREND ROBERT E. Luccr
To be the first recipient of the Max Nathan
Award of the Houston chapter of the Ameri-
can Jewish Committee is indeed a distinct
honor. I am deeply grateful to the Hous-
ton chapter for this favor and to all of you
for your presence here this evening. The
conferring of this award given citizens of
Texas an opportunity to break bread to-
gether in a friendly, cordial atmosphere of
good will even though our religious loyalties
are not Idertical; we are Jews and Protes-
tants and Catholics. But we are all Ameri-
cans and we are dedicated under God to the
principle that all men are equal and every
citizen has a right to justice and freedom.
For too long we Americans have been quar-
reling about religion. It seems to me that
there Is no legitimate place in America for
that sort of controversy. This does not
mean that religion should be ignored or
that discussion of human destiny and eternal
truth is out of place. It does mean that
as intelligent citizens we ought to be able
to conduct religious dialog on a high level
of friendship, commonsense and considera-
tion for the rights of others. The bestowal
of this award is therefore an occasion of
unity, solidarity and good will among citi-
zens of south Texas.
In this period of history we Americans
should be united. These are serious times;
unnecessary controversy among ourselves is
a luxury we can ill afford. Our beloved
country is the last bulwark of civilization, of
justice, of freedom, In the world commu-
p
our uneral, they
have in mind to bury us. Our job today is to
prove to ourselves and to the family of na-
tions that we are worthy of survival. Lip-
service to human rights no longer has value.
The 20th century has caught up with those
unworthy stewards who publicly proclaim
liberty and justice for all; but privately try
to massacre both liberty and justice for
minority groups.
The Max Nathan Award dramatizes the
problem of migrant labor in American agri-
culture. It points an accusing finger at the
iniquities of that program; at the injustices
which are a blot on our escutcheon; at a
situation which I have described publicly as
our badge of infamy, a ghastly international
racket.
Migrants may be nationals of Mexico and
they are known as braceros or they may be
Texans and they are known as citizen mi-
grants. In either case the exploitation of
the migrant Is almost inevitable. In the first
place his position is weak. He stands before
his employer defenseless and alone. He needs
food and the necessities of life. He has little
or no bargaining power. He must work to
eat. His children need food. Until this
year the employer could hire this man for
80 cents an hour and make him work 12
hours a day, 7 days a week, picking cotton.
When payday came, the grower could reduce
the wage to 30 cents an hour and if the
worker didn't like it that was too bad for
him. If he happened to be a Mexican na-
tional he could be sent home as a trouble-
maker. Prudence dictated that he be docile,
silent, and robbed.
Another reason why the exploitation of
migrant workers Is almost Inevitable is the
absence of protective legislation. Much
helpful social legislation has been enacted
in our country but farm labor has been
specifically exempted from most of it. Agri-
culture is a sacred cow. Certain farm or-
ganizations have made It so. Most of the
attempts to better the condition df farm
labor have been beaten down. Even child
labor has been encouraged.
I think it's about time for reactionary
growers to join the human race, shows signs
of being civilized, and begin to behave like
decent Americans. There is nothing par-
ticularly sacred about agriculture. The
growers are not spacemen from another
planet exempt from all laws of honesty and
decency; they are not little Caesars possessed
of special exemptions and immunities; their
business is not a segment of our economy
separate and distinct from the stream of
American life. American agriculture is not
a sick industry; it is very strong.
It Is only certain growers who are over-
stuffed with pride and power, They can pay
good wages and make a fair profit if they
want to.
By the same token farmworkers are not
second-class citizens nor are they less than
human. We owe it to them to give them a
chance to lead their lives in decent and fru-
gal comfort. There is no reason in logic or
morality why the good name of our country
should be dragged in the gutter of disrepute
to satisfy the greed and rapacity of evil men.
We ought to protect the migrant by legisla-
tion until he is strong enough to protect
himself.
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 Appr'otr~d'`RR000200230052-0 2313
there Was ,despairiie oliaflenges have 'crease In economic productivity as well as a remitted by these companies.
been $ecpgnized and the nations of this major- overhaul of parts of each country's "The U.S. businessman has brought to
Yferllishere have committed tliiemselves to economic and soclarstructure. The success Latin America the risk capital' essential for
1 j q c peratlve eforo meek $em or failure or the Alliance for Progress de the development of much 'of the area's great
lnr cause is rit T`he na fiends qn Latin America itself. natural resources-anti basic industries. He
bonsoFaixlmerica, wihiasic programs `{FreeSenterprise is an'essential element to has entered into hundreds of joint ventures
oY 1`annin and financing are; ca able of `the Affiance` for Irogress,? Just as it 16 basic with local capital. He has helped train un-
g K
pill ding their people economic sa sfac#lon to the democratic system. Judiciously regu- skilled workers into an efficient industrial
without denying political liberty -It is a "fated where necessary, andcomplemen_ fed by -force. He has sent Latin Americans to the
job tha#` has to be done if satin America's government efforts where it lacks the incen- United States for management training, and
11, are tp share trig y In v#he ro ress of -five to perform, free enterprise has provided he has gradually filled an increasing number
the 20tTi centuyy t`has been ne Ln the -the dynamism for the economic progress of of key positions in his industrial and busi-
tTniyed, b`tabes and Western uro ee anti we` ' the free world. ness Orga.iiizations with nationals of the host
artCOxfiident l can be no sl in"Maalln There is much fuzzy thinking about t ca i country For example, of--the- eight local
jj 6' l-.
America once tJie needed respurcesF sr;n talism and free` enterprise. Not ado n " directors of Creole four are Venezuelans,
geriuity of each on us are committed o tale cif "Asian university students we're asked Furthermore, U.S. firms has established ex-
ideas, good or bad, they associated with cellent records with respect to improvement
"` v0ribus cozuitries. When it came to the of salaries, social benefits, safety precautions,
'`Ar xiew years letter I received fife o#iier
gay from former Ambassador Teodoro Mos- "United States, a number of them commented and working conditions in general.
cotfi, to* U.S. Coordinator for the lhliance `admiringly on U.S. industrial and agricul- "Using the tools, technology, and modern
for Progress, states the case e1` ueriM.-L-6 'tural production and technological progress. work methods provided directly by U.S. pri-
me?'shere wl h you a per ne paragraph At the same time, agood number of the same vate capital and free enterprise, millions of
`L think ,tlig gy id1hce is ;clear 6tli't the "students said they did not approve of capi- Latin Americans have had their lives drama-
Al Ja3kce fs ni9ving Elie sclioofs an homes -talism-the economic system that produced tically changed for the better. This is a big
'the water systems and roads that are "being -the very things they admired. Perhaps they part of the Alliance for Progress.
built, the intense arguments amonE T,atin -were not even aware of the contradiction. "When you think of U.S. foreign invest-
Americans and, _betwe n them and us sbou jhese students admired the fruits of capi- ment in Venezuela you immediately think of
XioW best to arry ou our carter lirinc les, "talism and free enterprise, but, for a vague petroleum. But U.S. private industry has
the lno M ng defamation of the roggram Toy Wand obscure reason they could not explain come into Venezuela in many other fields of
these w}o see Fit as Chet f err i "clearly, were opposed to the system that endeavor, and most times in partnership with
tergstsI tli,~s means ilia we are movingmade these products available at a price Venezuelan capital. It has gone into auto-
The:. rate of._ Tl#ance irogress depericTs ri- within the reach of the consumer. mobile assembly plants, food processing and V, -1 ma,ily on the degree oi,pOhitlcal su ort of - Marx once said capitalism could only packaging, textiles, banking, Insurance, pa-
per, tires, cosmetics, tobacco, and many
the,,local le ers an the sense of ppersonal 'lead to the enslavement of the workers.
invblvexilen t , of tt c _peojile n each Latin But the workers in capitalist countries know others. And fiurthermore, a good many U.S.
erlcaxi natign greater liberty and economic and social wel- investors went into business here at the
'fare than ever existed in the world before,
pu# great stock in Amaaor lCoscoso s trough of an economic slump, a factor which
evaluation that tl?elfianc@ or ~ropress is while the workers under the system spawned in itself reflects confidence.
by Marx have become enslaved. "It has been alleged that the wealth class
Gil Elie mQyp wealthy
'Let
s us turn for a moment to foreign in- in many countries of Latin America tends to
"ut su cess nq ma i%-1 ehal
F a vestment, a key factor in the Venezuelan
hold a great deal of their capital abroad
economy; about 60 percent of all Vene- rather than invest it in their own country.
patient understanding imainatlon disci- euelan Government income is derived from p-Tine and a wngness by nations and 1n- No doubt there is a degree of truth in this,
industries developed with foreign capital. more in some countries than in others. B
4lvlduals to; study 'and change outmoded By
"Most ofyou appreciate-1 am sure, that its very nature private investment gravitates
social struCtur s s1 st and eati!z . task fs . rap 1 to i -.the fantastically successful U.S. Industrial toward where it is offered the most attrac-
P c ncrease and ra ionaiize complex could not have begun in the early
? tive returns and greatest security. The
ecd??Omfc roduction in order fiat more =1800's without foreign investment-from we Ith will bejL vailabTe to satisfy .England, France, Switzerland, Germany, and cording to what the people of the country
try
i10edS of every atin'Amean neces- elsewhere -which went abroad seeking a fair themselves consider to be the political and
Bail reforils in Tend
distribution, "'taxes, profit. The incentive was profit, true, but economic prospects for their country, as well
xiogsix~g education food prouction and all the economic world moves on a pivot of
and loyalty. Dur-
inasg the with their
early r d days dedication
other social., and econom c areas mixsf 6e roflt. To those who decry excessive profits,
of the icatfon present Venezuelan
profit
lnvis1iaced and any necesar reforms ut
- .1-point out that the tax structure of a great administration there were many who lacked
fntQ effect If the 71lTTance is move ahead only is an important confidence. Confidence increases with prog-
wljli? the speed necessary to ras ica~' y many
leveler. but-also countries _a not onlvaluable means of- -ress, however, and certainly in the case of
lessen, In our time the miserfa which his -Ing the spectacular social programs which Venezuela so-called flight capital has been
plagued not`only Latin America but most mark the, progress of those nations which
which I returning, thus stimulating further progress.
of he World since . ime ;I imemoriaf ,fr_om .aheSe.. gl'poration taxes to "Part of the capital which left Venezuela
he qnl cert - ain y oe alternative refer, personal income taxes graduated on a
1959
cottrs s "f the extreme left or, ri lit is that lidjng scale, in countries using the sys- during and 1960 were the deposits which
those systems will deny Tit- ty 5o both In- 'tern, , tend to eliminate the extremes of many foreign companies operating in Vene-
h zuela had in Venezuelan banks. These com-
dipiduals and nations Whet e - e can Wealth and poverty which are at the root
epets' off er sustained economic advance Is to ponies not only removed their deposits but -of awlal and oc
-adequate agricultural production established an excellent record especially ? capital is beginning to return, it is hoped
`['lierG still remain eriam misconce bons since the end of World War II This has that foreign companies will reassert their
about the e, Chace Ti t must be made "clear been t?hly witwit ed private enterprise fully in confidence by making more funds available
#orexampl that"'the All once #s not a sympathy with the worldwide revolution
--program ` True, it was proposed'by President against the status quo and concerned with to their Venezuelan branches for plant ex-
$ fiedy in his inaugural adcTress iz It much more than profits. It is a truly revo- Pension and increased activity.
'put ` ' '" "I might add in this connection that ri-
gut into motion "i ythe free vote of iutionary force which has concerned itself P
vate U.S. investment cannot be expected to
heY.lispheric nations gathered together at with economic improvement and-social
Plunge in to fill a void created by the flight
Punta del Este 11 1f%e iemisphere accepted it growth in Latin America, thg. basic aims of
as: 1Q year self-help effort'requ#ringlie full the Alliance for Progress. There is no doubtlocai capital. It is only realistic to state
that Venezuelan rivate ca ital must con-
patticipation o nations and. Individuals #1- that private enterprise must play a central p P
YAtc enterprise as well as public Senator role in ,insuring the success of the program. tinue to return and prove its own confidence.
Hus ai' itV 2P fax%, , in fact on lil-s recent "U, rove tmentin Latin Ame, As local confidence is increased, I see no real
,rlg...s
'visit to ~ 'enesucla estimated that the nitecl .eerily tripled since World War II, Around limit o-the amount o private U.S. capital
State ca3 blp h elected to contribut_ a more ? $10 billion is now ,staked in Latin. _Ameripry, that might come to work with Venezuelan
h,a 7
one percent or so of the #otal~funds?needed "This .t and investme incomes hag of the increaser countries the national capital, fn the -light of-every-prospect for po-
where iltlcal and economic stability.
FFhese funds are ri ill be in it jobsa brought Our two Government's" already have a
W tie rm q has locat e d It has created
low interest- -longtaerm#1loans which will Abe ocial-acfvanoement,'and has proved a large number of coopers e programs underway
repaid. Thus Venezuela will finance uftl- source of revenue for host governments. as part of -tile AIIiance These are in hous-
Y,
mMele ituite Staten is msd and willin to ? For example, nearly 0 percent of all rev ing water supply agriculture Industrial do-
jTia y ,gg enues collected by Latin American govern velopmen ; educe ion pn Iic adinlnistra=
dp.lts full, share but,it cannot be ex ec'ted tb ments "come` from taxes "on U S' ;private coin tion and othier important feldds: I would
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 lrt7J~ mpp,uvt:u rul mat elwit (y A9 L t'1e!lt; a: 1 'vvcvvcwvac-uL''ebrwjry 18
'the Allianc Is helping both private and living standards of the Venezuelan people. ploughing back petroleum revenues to di-
-----?--u--- -
s if al
m
d
k
a
p
eal des un
erta
es
- ?__
meat bank's social of . - --- _ _
,Pmenti progress million and Be235 m111ton from the to establish a solid base for the Alliance.
by-the Inter-American Develo all need 1n V1 yye3
P~ , , this Country. I might say, In public and private services. Although a
ipji mp-zazimately 'n-were
put up with than fulfills the target of devoting t percent administration, land reform, Irrigation, re-
-
Ia 1, o aye hel azuelan seeeshat n t
;_ping ...__..s, -__ - e.. .,o other coury
Agency for International Development through their,people-to-people activities in In the world can cite a 03-percent rise in
AID) loans in the amount of Bs204 million many fields of endeavor, the way a little primary school attendance In 3 years through
nave gone to the ' Mendoza foundation for know-how , andexperience has helped us the construction of 4
481 new schools
?.
.
housbn4. the foundation for community de- solve many problems at the community level. "All these actions tend to create greater'
welopment and.. municipal improvement for r have been impressed by the work they are opportunities for private as well as public
alurgdl-earance,,and the national savings and doing shoulder to shoulder with their Ven- investment, and there has developed the be-
?Ioan $aeociaton to encourage the establish- -el- counterparts in agriculture, the ginntngs of an upsurge in industrial activity
i4lttfit of a and loan system. Both teaching of English, sports and playground accompanied by the first drop in unemploy-
S'U i aild ur yeing activities are being activities, and tither fields. A good number ment since 1958.
'C STemented by two' loans,of Bs45 million are here in the Andes-35 in 2,1 towns and "These Indeed are Impressive signs of
each from the trust fund for aqueduct con- villages--engaged In 5-V activities in coop- progress. Small wonder, then, that the
structlon. At L Fria, INOS will construct oration with the, Ministry of Agriculture. United States has full confidence in the fu-
Ah`Equ6duct system serving more than 4,000 7%e privately sponsored group called AC- tore of Venezuela under its new found ban-
persoils with a_trust fund loan. CZOA also is engaged in work along these ner of constitutional democracy."
"Venez4uela's agrarian reform program is lines. In both these programs, if their num- On this occasion of the visit of the Prest-
2 eeiving financial assistance In the amount hers are far short of what In needed, their dent of Venezuela to the United States, I
df Bs57.5 million from the, Inter-American spirit is certainly one of helpful assistance. am happy to note in the Senate that-new
Development Bank, and Bs45 million from A good number of these young people are attention is now being given In the Amen-
the Agency for International Development to away from home for the first time. They can scholarly and journalistic communities
provide agricultural credit to those who are trying to learn what the problems are to making available to the American public
could not obtain loans through ordinary and offer their technical skills to meet those basic information on the American republics
Carnmerdial channels. problems. I know they will receive the sup- in Central and South America. For too long
"Another Alliance goal Is to help a grow- port and understanding they need, both scholars from the universities and
tag national industry build at an even more "I have said on other occasions that Ven- journalists and commentators left the North
skald rate. ]:Ven now.-,a Team of experts ezuela has been in the forefront of the American public wholly uninformed about
from 'Ebasco VSe view aInc., of in New
iyYork re-Is Alliance for Progress. This Is attributable Latin America except occasionally to report
dying out lIn part to ong del Este, and took to the here some bad news--an assasination, an expro-
istlWees `gurvey *hlcb is being Sns iced g before nation, an earthquake, Jointly by the united States and Venezuelan sighted leadership which carried on that W-
Governments. or a coup d'etat.
Governments. The United states has pro- 'tai momentum through judicious use of One of the most worthwhile efforts to pro-
vided experts who conducted.- seminars for Venezuelan and foreign financing under the vide basic information on countries of Latin
top management personnel, as well as execu- Alliance. Venezuela has shown the way to America is now being conducted by the In-
tive secretaries, simultaneous interpreters, the hemisphere in three Important respects: statute for Comparative Study of Political
and superviiers In foundry and welding first. conscientious economic and social plan- Systems, which is a division of Operations
shops. Altogether 748 people have partici- Wing to develop and mobilize the country's and Policy Research, Inc. Both of these in-
pated in these programs. An additional 30 resources and direct them toward the goal stitutions are based here in Washington.
persons received training in the United of genuine self-sustained growth; second, the During the past 6 months the Institute for
States. emphasis on self-help measures and internal the Comparative Study of Political Systems
"Strong emphasis has been placed on edu- 'changes needed to achieve that goal; and, has published two election factbooks on two
cation and training activities with the view third. the conscious effort to involve as broad of the major countries In South America,
of diminishing illiteracy and providing the n cross section of the Venezuelan people as Brazil. and Venezuela. These factbooks
skills needed for better jobs In Industry. passible in the process of development, aim to provide the basic data on a country
a in education, the United States has "Under a free system Venezuela has been Prior to an important national election. The
siiulpped an educational materials produc- able to plan progress and execute the mesa- book on Brazil appeared earlier this fall, and
tion shop at the teacher training center, urge that bring It about. Your government in January of this year the excellent fact-
El Macara, near Maracay. Soon six text- id now in the process of further refining and book on Venezuela appeared. This book con-
books prepared there by Venezuelan authors extending Its plane. As you know, a few tales the basic data on the political history
will be in use In Venezuelan elementary weeks ago the plan de Is nation was an- of Venezuela, it summarizes the basic issues
schools. These authors were trained by pounced-a blueprint for progress to be made which are likely to be of significance in the
specialists brought to El Micaro from the in all sectors and in all sections of the coun- national election which will be held In De-
United States.. And El Micaro's staff has ac- try In the 4-year period 1663-67, This plan comber of 1963 and it gives a capsule sum-
ceas to some 18,000 hooks donated by the now is being reviewed by a special committee many of the major political parties. For
people of the United States under the Al- of the OAS and by private organizations in anyone Interested in following the forth-
Hence for Progress program. Venezuela. As it stands, its goal is to in- coming national election at the end of this
"The U.S. Agency for International Be- crease the gross national product by some 36 year, this factbook is invaluable. It should
velopment, cooperating fully with your gov- percent over today's figure. Taking into con- be used by professors and high school
ernmeat, Is training Venezuelans to ponduct sideration a population increase of almost 1 teachers, journalists, and radio and TV com-
courses in elementary and secondary as well million, the per capita gross national product mentators, by public officials in both the
as vocational education, business and plant is expected to go up almost 5 percent. To executive and legislative branches of the
management, and school supervision. Others reach this goal it is anticipated that an in- Government, and by all American citizens
have received direct training in Puerto Rico, . vestment of Bs28 billion will be available, who are interested in the fate of an Impor-
Panatna, and the continental United States almost 90 percent from internal sources- tart American republic in South America. I
in many technical fields such as public ad- two-thirds of It from the private sector. The congratulate the principal author of theELe
ministration, metalworking, marketing, plan amply reflects the spirit of self-help two election factbooks, the man who is the
agriculture, and many more.. Some 350 and involvement of the people, principal driving force behind the Institute
? Venezuelans have received such training "Thus, with the elements of planning, self- for Comparative Study of Political -Systems,
abroad during the Alliance's first 18 months. help and popular Involvement, Venezuela I. Mr. George Demetriou. I congratulate the
Although under the Alliance for Progress establdshming the conditions necessary for officers of the Operations and Policy Re-
the United States contemplates putting more balanced economic growth and social better- search Corp.. which have already done so
than Bs910 million into Venezuela Ili the meat within the framework of constitutional much to inform the American public and
form of long-term, low-interest loans ad- democracy. Venezuela has moved ahead public officials in Washington on the impor-
vahded for projects which will Improve the with great flexibility toward its goal of tant Issues In the field of International af-
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 tart' of the American 1~o~rtloal clence As= of total Vei m eranpopulation in ` :4 `per- sides. site of Angel -Fails" highest free fall
socjatidh, Mr. Evon Jirkpatrick has ,per-_ cent of the national land area; 45 percent of in the world. Large forested areas, largely
form7d an my e r tta region a population concentrated in city of unexplored Population 225,300-3 percent
e3[o)s ~" t from is excel en ublication on 1Vlaracaibo 23 percent rural. Economy: of total Venezuelan population in 45.1 per-
Venezuela 0 rioting in the (ONGRSSSIONAL "Produces nearly three-fourths of national cent of t ie national land area. About four-
lECORp at ihl~lneH .- output of petroleum. Good agricultural fifths of the small Indian population of
~f irea. "Wistern portion it center of dairying S7 - lives here. Economy: Extensive
vT
uN ova
~
end cattle fattening. Political character-
Ba2ore ea m n fig the political materials lstica: 12 percent of electorate; 40 percent of
in this booklet the reader will probably wish population voted in 1958 election.
to }efge?ti his, rnfolioomgry of Venezuela. To ,Andean States
help him, the wing Information-is of-
~ _?
fered first abgut the cg}try. as a whole and "States: Tachira, Merida, Trujillo. Prin-
then about, each ,> ,$yli regions Into ipal cities: San Crist6bal (96,102), sixth
Aehich It h S. 1 Y de-A- or tX}i pulposes_ largest city in Venezuela; Merida (40,404).
o# anaylsis Climate and geography: Cool and moist;
ys xu 1tl gs a 7yhole spectacular landscapes. Very healthful re-
gion. Population: 996,465-13.2 percent of
ze X5,2,000 square miles About 11S total Venezuelan population in 3.3 percent of
tinges the SIze o as Sixtki reat coun the national land. area. About 64, percent
by in youth 1Cmeric Population .. 7 623 = rurai.__Economy: Important agricultural re-
999, Annlalx opulation increase over;3er7_gion. Chief products: coffee, cacao, sugar-
cent-one of.,iighes# in Latin America. More cane, rice, wheat, corn, and vegetable fibers.
than half,.q#po lulation under 20 years _ Av-. Industrial activity: Sour and sugar milling,
e e life expectancy 52 years. 62.5 percent tanning, and manufacture of shoes, ceramics,
tFban-oixe o#hmos .? rban cpuut ?iesJ ntiu. -and furniture. Mtrida reputed to produce
America Ethnjc composition About two-,best quality coffee in Venezuela. Quaint
thirds snestizp ? 2Q percent white 9 percent colonial cities are popular tourist attractions.
black; less than 2 percent Indian; 8 percent political Characteristics:12.9 percent of elec-
Oj total population foreign.-Italians Iargest )orate; 00percent of nationwide COPEI vote
single group. Climate In Torrid Zone. rome*_fro.3S1 this,region. Supplied Presidents
Temperature varies considerably depending from 1899-1958 with the exception of the
Oh altitude?
. Geigraphy: Northernmost _)945-43 period.
country in South. America, .bordering the "Coastal Range
-ibbean 5eg #or ,754 miles and lhe At- "States: Falc6n, Lara, Yaracuy, Carabobo,
Ac' O
I In'-p- cean foF ?s lif s 1tli is AAb OOOw -Ma ua, Federal District, Miranda, Nueva
lers-Qregin $ er of hth largest in
Esparta, Sucre. A very heterogeneous region
id moving nin the
at Carribean coast.. for which generalisations are difficult.
end southward mainland is chaise-
teri$e4 by a lowland, narrow at center anc -Caracas and surrounding area is heart of
,broade}i both _ political and economic activity. Most of
caibo i ewestoformthe Maa- Venezuela's largest cities lie in this region.
eli Basin jYle is l an l he es Into.,
Principal cities: Caracas (739,255), Barquisi-
DVenezue the-east. This owlanq Slopes mento (196,557), Valencia (161,413), Maracay
Venezuelan , w hi h ,the,, is h'.aBd- the, .-(134,123), Cumana (71,563). Climate and Andes, 14 soastai range, which parallels the central geography: Mostly mild climate but some
nit eaStgrn ep~sts. Just
, roU L, nea o eless parts very hot and humid. Narrow, moun-
in6"untains lios large low, nearly treeless tainous strip with fertile mountain valleys.
plain whrch endsf in rocky highlands and. Andes Mountains spur extends west to east
tries jungles{ Economy. Urban and Indus-- for 310 miles and north to south for 43
trial, Oti, is, axis Q,.conopy provides 90
ercent of foreign exchange, 68 percent a! miles. Population: 3,941,139-53 percent of
g6vermnent's" income- 22 nereent of gross total Venezuelan population in 8.7 percent
standard oo living: Annual per capita in Federal District and 59 percent In Sucre.
come f~850 in 1961 highest in Latin America Economy: Most Important industrial and
x~icome very unevenly distributed both re manufacturing area. Rich agricultural
onally and among sectors of economy areas. Cattle raising. Caracas is tourist at-
e avy concentration in Caracas. and othe} traction. Pearl fishing in islands off north-
east coast. Political characteristics: 53 per-
try. o Cost of lio pf li ias one o hof of hl r heest st n Indus- cent. of electorate. Extremist parties strong
try. Cving one in w woorldd. . to big cities of this area compared with
Exports Worlds leading exporter of o11.
Chief strength elsewhere in country.
customer VS!estern Hemisphere X67
percent) and Western Eure (29 percent) "Llanos
nited $tates nie_ Mep rl , States; Quf%.rico, Apure, Barinas Portu
petroleum offee is chief agricultural ex- _, guess, Cojedes, Anzoategui, Monages, Delta
port. Otller..exports iron ore,
cacao, sisal,. Amacurg (territory). Principal cities: Puerto
gold, diamonds Oil 91.9 percent of total Cri_ (59,099), Maturin (54,260), Barce
value of exports in 1957 iron ore 4 8 percent;. lona(42,267) , El Tigre (42,028). Climate
coffee J,6-percent; other 1,8
percent Im- -ana geography: Flat, wide expanses; partly
ports 1Vtachinery construction materials, Cleared shvannahs anal partly dense jungles.
ca lll46W6, nondurab}e con r foods, Torrvullgl_rainsSrom.April to October; very
','ehjcles food ,products U S supplied 64 dry during rest of year. Population: 1,440,
percent of total imports in 197 Political g71 15 pecent of total Venezuelan popula-
eography. Divided ,into 20 States, two Fed- tign tn 5 .5 percent of national land area.
eiar terrltorI5s anci the > ederal , pistrict.,, -More-,.t
hiili , .80 .percent rural. Economy:
Some 72 lelr nd dependenciex governed by Traditional _cattle country. Transition tak-
the Federal District,, -, g place-former pastures have been con-
- Syr tons vented into rice, corn, and sesame fields.
"}aracai in i7e'ry little industrial development. Political
? sriaracte'ristics: 19.1 percent of the dice-
,Z,ulia al cities Maracaibo ?torate. Stronghold'
tronghold of the Acci6n Demo-
,~43902), second largest cif in Venezuela; cratica Party.
gro2d,,th902due to discoveryOf? nearby on. Cll- "Gua ana Hi g
mate and , geography; barrow strip of low - y g
land bgtweel Aalssiies axle tls ,a tj111o tWw sta States Bolivar, Amazonas' (territory).
section of Veneue) 0,'- umid seldom a, Principal city: Cuiciad Bolivar (64,133). CIi-
day when temperaure fais to reach, 90" F. mate and geography: Lies east and south of
Site of Lsile l4 aracal o, containing largest the Orinoco River. Rocky masses, with high
America; ake is shallow and studded with lowlands and thick jungles ending in spec dina Angarita both officers of G6mez; wide
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recent industrial development. Iron ore in
El Pal Mountain. Gold, diamonds. Largely
untapped supply of lumber and minerals.
Political characteristics: 2.9 percent of the
electorate.
"SOME FACTS OF POLITICAL HISTORY
"The discontinuity of political institutions
has been a major characteristics of the his-
tory of Venezuela, which has had 26 consti-
tutions since 1830. The highest law of the
land has been changes so frequently-some-
times casually, often violently-that it has
been little respected by either rulers or ruled.
Fifty major rebellions and thirteen violent
overthrows of the Central Government oc-
curred between 1830 and 1900. From 1900
to 1935 and from 1948 to 1958 the country
lived under brutal dictatorships. Today in
Venezuela a legitimately elected President is
constantly threatened by militant Commu-
nist, leftist, and rightist conspirators, and
Most of his constitutional term of office has
been spent in a state of emergency which
grants him extraordinary powers to deal with
attempts to overthrow' the Government.
"The violent adjudication of political dif-
ferences is a central aspect of the Venezuelan
tradition, and in the 20th century the armed
forces have become the dominant institution
of Venezuelan politics. Historically the
armed forces have supported military dic-
tators; - but in 1945 and 1958 the groups
within the Venezuelan Army made possible
the establishment of civilian governments.i
In 1963 the duly elected Government, men-
aced as it is by attempts at violent subver-
sion, could not exist without the firm sup-
port of the armed forces. If the military
officers who believe that the armed forces
should support constitutional government
remain in control, it is possible that the
present military support will continue and be
extended to all future duly elected civilian
governments.
"Seven periods
"War of Independence, 1810-30
"Led by Sim6n Bolivar, its immortal native
son, Venezuela won independence in 1821
after 11 years of war that caused heavy
loss of life. Venezuela separated from Gran
Colombia in 1830.
"Rule of Conservative Oligarchy, 1830-48
"Period of free elections and stable politi-
cal institutions, honestly administered.
Great stabilizing figure was General Jose An-
tonio Paez. f
"Divisions in Conservative Oligarchy; Rise
of the Liberal Opposition, 1848-99
"Period of revolutions and constitutions.
"Federalism" and "centralism" were partisan
rallying cries, but there were no attempts to
create specific structures of government.
Developing liberal movement articulated for
Venezuela the ideals of 19th century
liberalism, but culminated in disillusion en-
gendered by dictatorship of liberal Antonio
Guzman Blanco. Guzman Blanco did much
to modernize Venezuela.
- "The Andean Dictators, 1899-1945
"Country ruled by Gen. Cipriano Castro
from 1899 until 1908 and by his lieutenant,
Gen. Juan Vicente G6mez, from 1908 until
1935. Under G6mez, country opened to care-
fully restricted petroleum development and
army modernized. Period of brutality, ter-
ror, and total absence of civil rights. Death
of G6mez, in 1935 followed by tumultuous
riots, destruction, looting, and killing.
From 1935 through 1945 county governed by
 2316
Approved For,
1 s AJDF>~ BH> 000200230052-Webr2 ,ry 18
range of civil and political, liberties granted .''National of ices_to be filled pre, the.Preal-
Intermittentiy. ,the entire Federal 8eup,te, qnd tie ea-
"Revolt of the Young Officers an? Briet-&m- Chamber of Deputies. Senators,
ocratic Interval. 1945-48 elected indirectly in 1958,,are now to be, elect-
"In alliance with Accidn Democrttla (AD),
e group of young army officers led revolution
1tiCCeBstu2ly deposing Gen. Medina Angarlta.
. > evoliAfon marked end of dominance of
and" landed aristocracy coalition.
iiiixed civilian-military junta took control.
2a,120 open and honest elections held for
eohstitueat. assembly. Creation of very fib-
eral conptltiltion was followed in 1847 by
presidential and congressional elections won
by AD party. Shortly after assuming office
in lP48 re nt, R6znulo Qaliegos aus-
pendelf conatItut)onal guarantees. AD party
o ed by ro_u a on boll left and right,
a 4 bby officers, who, aware that Al) was
a#songl army y, feared army would he-
coih8 ei or group. New military coup
ousted a ecte e government in November 1048.
8Coiuiteaevolutlw i of Col. Marcos ?4rea
lfi 56
" 'Three-man ruilitary junta toed over gov-
et ifeltt' 00 Carlos Delgado Chalbqud.
head of junta, assassinated in 1950. Perez
dimdnez became dictator. Dictator. held
electlo In j;952. All parties except AD al-
lowed participate. Election returns srtly counted and reported until it became
obvious that ,government party was foxing.
News blackout put into ef[ect, followed by
announcement that government had won
elections.' Perez Jimenez proclaimed Presi-
dent for constitutional 5-year term. At end
of tcrm, Perez Jimenez held pleblecitary elec-
tions in which people could vote yes or no to
his continuance in office. Victory for yes
was reported and touched park to wide-
spread antidictatorlal sentiment fostered by
clandestine politicalgroups and by elements
,within the church. In 1956 civilians and
parts of army revolted successfully, and new
junta, headed by Adm. Wolfgang
Lairaza~bdi, made election plans.
"The Presidency of Rdmulo Betancourt
1958-82
"Ail political parties legal participants in
elections, of December 7. 1958. Elections re-
garded as free and honest, won by Betan-
court and AD party-
"In office Setanegurt admint tration has
instituted programs for agrarian reform,
building: of schools and low-cost housing.
reduction of illiteracy, encouragement of
Private Investment, diversification of econ-
omy. There Is disagreement about extent
of success of these,programs.
"Coristitutlonal guarantees of civil liber-
ties legally suspended by President Betan-
cot>rt during most of term of office. Sow
xegireeelve the exercise of presidential power
has.been is,pnother matter about which there
is disagreement
. "Betanc curt has until now, successfully
faced constant armed challenge from Com-
munist Party. AD has had two splits, since
taunt power, in 1960 a group separated from
Al) to become MIR party, and I. 14622,fsn-
other group split to become ARS group. Vot-
lug strength taken from AD by dissident
groups not Imown.
"Electivs offices lobe fined
Preddent of the Republic.
"Entire National Chamber of Deputies.
"Entire National Senate.
"Legislatures in all 20 States.
"All municipal councils.
"Venezpela 4 a Federal republic of 20.
States, the Federal District, two Federal tee-
i`itorles. and a number of minor island de-
pendencies. Since the constitutional 5-year
terms. of the President and the-Members of
Congress expire on March 3, 1964, elections
have been @cheduled for December 1963.
"S they are held, the electforis will be .for
national State. andjmuniclpal ofces_
"All State legislatures and municipal coun-
ella will also be elected at this time. Tinder
Abe constitution elections for State and
sal t'ipa1 offices may not be held more often
.than once every 2 years or less often than
*nos every 5 years. On January 1, 1964, the
term of office for all State and local officials
throughout the country will expire. State
governors are still appointed and removed by
"a President "
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY IN HOUSING
Mn, CLARK. Mr. President, the for-
mer Governor of my Coulmonwealth.
David Leo Lawrence, has come to Wash -
ington, D.C., as Chairman of. the Presi-
dent's Committee on Equal Opportunity
in Housil-g, He has, taken up his office
iq the Executive Ounce of the, President.
at the White House, and has gone to
work hard to fulfill the purpose for
-which he was appointed; which, in ef-
fect, Is to render effective the Executive
order Issued by the President dealing
with Integrated housing.
Last week, in connection with the cele-
bration of Lincoln's Birthday anniver-
sary, former Governor Lawretce made
an extremely striking and able speech at
Springfield. Al., on the subject of his
new official duties. I commend this
speech to all Members of the Senate and
to the readers of the CONonEssloNAL
RECORD; and I ask unanimous consent
that It may be printed in the body of the
RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the speech
-was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
Aaossss sT DAVID L. Lawaxxcz
I esimot think of any more appropriate
yfiats or symbolic time for this conference
than here in Springfield-the land of Lin-
eoin--dmtng this week when we observe
the llnmivereary of the birth of Lincoln.
Last Tuesday, on Lincoln's birthday, I was
pleased to be among those invited to the
White House reception where the 35th Pres-
ident of the United States paid honor to the
memory of the 16th president. And I .was
delghted to see there many of those who
nave been in forefront of the work to ex-
tend the principles and the philosophies
which were first set forth In the Declaration
of Independence and then put into specific
meaning, a hundred years ago, in the
Ehiancipation Proclamation.
Squally Impressive at the reception was
the publication of a remarkable report by
the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights dealing
with the progress the Nation has made in
this field during the past hundred years.
Entitled "Freedom to the Free" is a volume
for an Americans to read, particularly those
of us who have helped lead the continuing
effort to make certain that we truly achieve
freedom for all of the free. -
In reading the report, I was struck by a
perceptive statement made In 1835 by the
young French nobleman, Alexis de Tocque-
Ville, comparing the United States and Rus-
sia. "These two great nations." de Tocque-
viile commented, "started from different
points, but seem to tend toward the same
end. The conquests of the Americans are
gained by the plowshare; those of the Rus-
san by the sword. The Anglo-American
relies upon personal Interest to accomplish
his ends and gives free scope to the unguided
strength and the commonsense of the peo-
pie? the Russian centers all Ike authority of
society In a single, arm. The principal in-
strument of the former Is freedoi4i' of the
latter, servitude."
Not only does the analysis remain appro-
priate In today's troubled world, but it points
up, with equal aptness, the vital importance
of citizen action such as that being mobi-
lized here today. -
The effectiveness of any government ac-
tion-whether local, State, or Federal-de-
pends directly upon the support of private
citizens and upon groups such as those rep-
resented at this conference.
You undoubtedly know that there are ap-
proximately 200 fair housing committees
active in communities from one end of this
country to the other.
These are committees, like those repre-
sented here, organized specifically for this
purpose by citizens who believe their com-
munity would be healthier if it Is open to
persons of all races, colors, and creeds.
The work of local fair housing commit-
tees Is vital in obtaining local and State leg-
islation to support the objectives of equal
opportunity in housing. Their work is no
less Important In achieving the objective of
the Executive order on equal opportunity in
housing which President Kennedy signed last
November 20.
That action by the President was a his-
toric one, marking the culmination of an
evolving process of active forces which caused
a shift In Federal housing policy. Not map'
years ago, that policy was one of suppor "
residential segregation and unequal housi-
opportunity. - Today, under the Execute
order, the policy calls for an active role I.
preventing discriminatory barriers and re-
quiring equal opportunity in federally as-
sisted and federally-owned housing.
The President, as you know, directed the
various Federal executive departments and
agencies to take action to prevent discrimi-
nation in the housing programs they admin-
ister. These departments and agencies have
now Issued regulations to implement the
order In their programs, and the President
has appointed me his Special Assistant to
head the Committee that will work to see
that the purposes of the order are carried
out with fairness and integrity, I firmly
believe this can be done, and I pledge my
beet efforts to make certain 'that it actually
is done.
I should like to note, with what I hope is
pardonable pride, that my native city of
Pittsburgh, when I was mayor, was the sec-
ond city to enact comprehensive fair hous-
ing legislation covering private housing, and
my home State of Pennsylvania did the
same In 1961, when I was its Governor.
The mounting trend toward equal oppor-
tunity in housing is reflected in the passage
of State and city measures dealing with
equality of housing opportunities by 17 other
States, the Virgin Islands, and more than
50 cities.
Such legislation has emerged largely dur-
ing the decade from 1954, when New York
City enacted the first law prohibiting dis-
crimination and segregation in publicly as-
sisted housing. Including housing made pos-
sible by FRA-insured and VA-guaranteed
loans.
Within the next 3 years, six States (New
York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Connecti-
cut, Washington, and Oregon) enacted
similar statutes. The pace accelerated after
December 1957, when New York City again
became the first to extend Its fair housing
law to cover private housing without Gov-
ernment assistance. Thereafter through
September 1962, 11 States, 3 cities, and the
Virgin Islands enacted fair housing laws
covering some portion of private housing.
These 11 States have a population of over
65 million or over 36 percent of our total na-
tional population. Also they have more than
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230052-0
 Approved For e ~1 i 03 02300520 Fe1ruar 18
we$t_ F ,~' a LID, &f}'9~31 41r 8 tii1- ice ,for the first time, One of the members in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD so that all
bites v~ih be e A t el neat advances for- of thatcooperative-and probably its largest may read this remarkable eulogy from
ward or ure
r,
as c t t ou&hout the world- consumer js the.Atomip Energy Commission one great lady
we as a Qpp oltr~t y s tion_at lac aas_Fiats. to another.
g prospects for our communications The tieAPalid.for electric power for the New There being no objection, the trans-
s teti t fI ` }, " acs also~de y the imgination. Horizon enterprises at Jackass Flats made it cript was ordered to be printed in the
~ tQ lephone commu- possible for the cooperative to prove its RECORD, as follows:
nicat Qn ewrn parts of all continents, Sesibili.ty and build its system. This proj- TRIBUTE TO THE MEMORY OF MRS. FRANKLIN
le to,a e joint television Con- .ect, where nuclear engines for spacecraft D. ROOSEVELT BY THE HONORABLE FRANCES
ere s gtlvpsl the lgade of I~aatly nations are being tested, is an example of the kind PERKINS,, FORMER SECRETARY OF LABOR,
im,dl e rugs We will be able to transmit of, use and development America will be DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE MEET-
;r ward at, phenomenal rates of making of these regions of the West. ING, SHERATON PARK HOTEL, WASHINGTON,
Speed-a book the sizef the Bible can be, The part which rural electric cooperatives D.C., JANUARY 19, 1963
transit SC~n
da play in these projects here is symbolic of the Mr. Chairman, when Eleanor Roosevelt
51
cfQ valeo~s; wh cirwfilrx>oe tl}atiipld part that rural electric cooperatives will play died, millions of her fellow countrymen
s arlo~T in. the future of these next decades of space stopped short in their tracks, and as they
Lh , we effect to Ave operational the exploration.
'Fran s stem navi ational satellites. wrestled with a catch in their throats, they
t y America is about to contemplate what is found the words to say very briefly and very
esp, she w -permit navigators on contemplated now in the exploration of simply, "she was a good woman," and that Is
tie~tD elexmipetibpjr position within outerspace because a generation ago Amer- just about what they meant when they
1)~l -lip" a degree of accuracy never before ed.--reaching n scans wisely directed their energies and re- thought it over. The most they could say,
greatand 'far the savings will be .sources to development of space here on the greatest thing they could say about her
m ~_. earth-the space of rural America. In this was, she was a good woman. And some of
i,-1 Th ale s
I ew sQlec~ ell Ales of great effort the rural electrification program the simpler among them added, "Thank God
a~ ehyoj y of the space age will was from the beginning the foundation for Mrs. Roosevelt."
w eII zi li for peaceful and,practi- program for success of our national effort to The simple people always thought that she
aI purposes o the future. More important strengthen the whole economy by strength- was the one who had brought them the no-
g a Af psr liOweye is the necessity of ening the agricultural economy. 'Putting cessities of life which they were without
;`ir Dg how great will be the changes this first things first, proceeding on a course of when she walked into Washington, beside
ggd of sues will brln,g to our 1ives,to our prudence and vision, we have through REA her husband to be sure, but they, under-
pcsuptlonsand our whole socigtand made our Nation stronger and made the standing so little of where the relief came
gpAa1in 1merica.
~T Apr day's generation broader,_.___ , . -from, and who it was among the Senators
`he age of apace whlc we are now enter- When men seek places and means of econ- and the Congressmen who had voted that
will dwarf man's memory of the impact omizing on government costs, let them turn Immediate relief in a time of depression,
o tj19 nc1ustrlal r vQiL1t QXi every sector their efforts constructively to examining the thought that Mrs. Roosevelt had given It to
AAd _ very facet of our economy and our problems which keep us from realizing our them.
full o
ai1y Gives will be altered bythe impact of p teiitial Most of the costsoigovern- We lost a familiar friend. This was one
these ,next years to come. The impact will ment domestically, and even internatkrrial- thing we all knew.
{2e to py ii l is terms afthe demands Iy aT not frolnthe programs_but from the -,-.Never again should, we see a familiar
13eage. will make upon, us ior_greater failure to deal with the problems which ne- figure climbing down a ladder into a coal
,pr uctivit , for greater cappability aamon cessitate the programs. In the world today, mine, no longer would we see a lady look-
,pr and for the greater. rewards that despite the progress of this century, poverty ing as though she might trip on her skirts
will came to us all still
abounds, disease ,,still a let ,part of peering over into the pit of some great in-
If America ? I. to codnucto 9,14 the this earth's population, illiteracy still re- dustrial enterprise where the flames were
leadg g4ip we have now achieved-and fol- strlets the development of human minds. rising.
low 11} tip trailltlon o3 leuelers}lip we have These are problems we can overcome. These These were the pictures that every Amen-
.snow s n 1 e innin of our county are the problems we must overcome if we can had in his mind and in his heart about
?F g ?a y- are to a the the lit ears will make it necessar for p y price
of freedom's survival in her. But the words never came which were
y our own lives and in our own times, what we really meant. We learned from the
us to ]narshal our re&p Geo tA,_th l rate If governments are to be prudent, they We a a)Ia`tiQn shall z}pt be,bie to tolerate press that the whole world had a kind of
the iXeness QP either our natural rotkrcps must follow their hearts without losing their mourning for this woman who although ill,
xs bur humali resources _ We e tho ?heads. We living today must recognize that. and we all knew she was Ill, had gone to her
full t itai of the ,natlo al tzgngth we can it is our special responsibility in the history great reward. We all knew this, but we
oDf#?Xl iicl to realize t] e piami$A and fulfill of America and in the history of the human hadn't realized it. Eleanor Roosevelt was a
the air ortunitYes ze th pr nI ypace~ -race to be privileged to put in place the person who primarily was effective; impor-
of-
s, eachaof you here know, foundations on which man's enjoyment of tant because of what she was rather than
tuntp a
= freedom and hope for peace will stand for what she did, and this I think, as I have
i, W, e day wail come when grateful Amgrlca _ centuries to come. A part of that founda- thought about her afterwards, is what her
be rnae glad that it has in its x ilrs l tion is and will always be the stability, the great contribution was. She was-she be-
Q
eetig7p the Aral gi c 'Ip rgoperatlve of success, and the prosperity of agriculture came these things, she was the kind of per-
.-and of life in the rural areas. We shall need son she was, and that was more Important
lit the tfn e the R.AA.program was can to continue in this rrn,n+,m
objective was to light the homes of our rural
seetors hat,A jeetive has in large measure
been .accpm lisfied But in Strengthening
the rural lily of America the REA program
ktas jSa fallud,tjon.f- strength on which
now tTYrile s not ire of ,Industrial expansion
of is"i lust-.be put into place. In the next
~$ years the rural electric cooperatives of
Tae ti salted, States will,-,be lighting the lamp
selves with that foundation of stability, suc-
cess, and prosperity for rural America, and
.that means we must continue our support
of the rural electrification program as a vital
part of. the foundations of our Nation's
future.
TRT13UTE TO MRS. FRANKLIN D.
-ROOSEVELT
tnings which she -did and which she said.
Just think what her life was. Think how
like she was to all the poor and the struggling
of this country; a life begun in a very un-
promising way, an orphan child, lonely, un-
happy at times; kindly, but impersonally
treated, shy, timid, afraid of things, striving
only to be of no trouble and to be good, be-
cause otherwise she was a nuisance to her
relatives.
- ? Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, This was a sad and self-conscious child
yS'e exit. se-e4 a beginnings and the 1m when Mrs. Franklin Roosevelt died, who grew up with an inadequate educa-
pIications of, thishe region where
ere into tion, passed around from one relative to an-
tiye fns t t v ountle perso S _ihr llghout the world other, finally sent to England to go to school,
alit t -nking of the Hoover Dam and the Vied in paying tribute to the memory of out of her own country, when she was only
kex_&v4s,project built by the generation that great lady. No tribute was more 15, a little girl.
~t ,preceded lie TYSe d project moving, nor more eloquent, nor more She never went to any dancing parties in
f ~ I spensable to the contin led growth of from the heart than that delivered by the evening. She didn't know any young
,t1-1s. region Withouty-tlhe gat _prQvkied for her lifelong friend, the Honorable people at home. She knew only some of the
irrigation and hydroelectricpower, this land Frances P. Perkins, former Secretary of young girls she went to school with in Eng-
Ylgbt st~1Ya desertx this oa i might still Labor, Miss Perkins, addressing a meet- land. She knew no other young people, she
wi i tlo}}5 ~ghts =ing of the Democratic National Commit- once said to me. She didn't know what they
m ax tl}Lp}iin~top of how the intelll- were like in America, and yet she came home -tee agent ilevelogment gI, our- vwal r s'~s,QU;ces ' spoke extemporaneously. Fortis- at 18 and prepared to do her duty. Her duty
through the dam and project is helping some nately Yler remarks were recorded and was her first word in those days.
printed for the b
f your friends and
i
nefit
hb
f thos
h
ne
g
e
o
e w
ors to startanew
o could But gradually she grew, she grew, she
Al _ele triC~, gp peratlve. r =a7eY1_~2- not be_presel t. grew. Something had happened to her. I
4~er8tTlve Willy ;serve, pearly 600 families Mr. President, I ask that the transcript think it was her own nature developing
ct i
~vho w l receive central station Q sy hlis statement be printed at this,til}le wit1 in eT . ~'S~ lean to be expressive of
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 X963 ~~ , Approve4Q/A-M383R00020023002-0 2299
full responsibility for that tragic SON addressed the annual meeting of the Vice President for 25 years in support of
Wand and acknowledged that be made all Rural Electric Cooperatives Association REA, it gives me a great sense of satisfaction
f h6' crucial decisions that contributed to in Las Vegas, Nev. The Vice President to come before you today as a member of an
that humiliating defeat. to the historic Importance of the administration which has said-and will
For such a confession and acceptance of pointed
movement to this Courtly and the continue to say-"No" to those wrecking
responsibility. President Kennedy literally REA crews.
became a national hero. In an amazing and tremendous effect it has had on the de- Coming here to the great vastness of our
almost unbelievable psychological phenom- velopment of rural Amercia. A most American West. it would be impossible for
anon, he thus converted a tragic blot on his significant part of the message was the any man to agree with those who argue that
record-a disastrous failure for which be is role that the rural electric cooperative the job of building rural America is a job
admittedly responsible-into a national will play in the next several decades of which Americans can consider to be finished.
badge of honor merely because he admitted Space exploration. This is an area in We are what we are in this land-as a
olitical sys-
and as a
ti
n
l
p
,
e, as a na
o
his responsibility. It was almost like a gen- peop
eral being given the Congressional Medal of which the Vice President is deeply in- tem-because we havehad present through-
Honor by the American public because he terested and informed. He has alerted out our history the great reserve of unused
had admitted that he made grave errors that the association to a new area of develop- land, unused resources, and unoccupied
he shouldn't have and which resulted in his ment, a new role for the electric co- space. The presence of these assets has
troops being wiped out. Quickly forgotten operative. meant much to the freedom of the society
was the disastrous failure-It was wiped out The, Vice President's speech was a In which we live-and to the dignity of the
by the mere confession of guilt. highlight of the convention and accord- individual under our society. At this point
Thus, I cannot understand why the At- In history, we can see more clearly than
torney General would raise the issue again Ing to all reports was very well received- ever we have seen before just how important
with his denial-for what he did merely Mr. President, I. therefore, ask unani- is the development of the underdeveloped
served to remind the American people of the mous consent to have the text of this regions of our own country to the future
very tragic blunder and defeat that his speech printed at the conclusion of my strength and success of our country and our
brother had responsibility for regardless of remarks In the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. cause.
whether any air support bad been protnised There being no objection, the speech We are moving at a rapid rate Into a new
and regardless of wether the lack of air sup- was ordered to be printed In the RECORD, era of human adventure and exploration in
port contributed heavily to that tragic de- as follows: the realms of outer space. It is my privilege
feat. to be associated with this national effort as
What the Attorney General did has raised R,ESS'uuu DT VICE PREIDENT LYNDON B. Chairman of the National Aeronautics and
serious doubts in the minds of many people JOHNSON, RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATlvzs Space Council which advisee with the Presi-
as to the judgment and wisdom of the IATION, ANNUAL MzsrrnaO. LAs VzaAS. dent of the United States on the space pro-
Kennedy administration-and more specifi- Nsv., WEDNESDAY, JAHUAaT 16. 1963 grams of our Nation.
tally with respect to the Attorney General In the early years of our country, Ameri- In less than 5 years, our country has as-
himself, a question as to whether he poe- cans then-as now-were concerned with the sumed a solid and secure place of leadership
senses the desired wisdom and judgment of costs of the Federal Government. When the in developing the peaceful and practical
a man wllo.aspires to succeed his brother as Capital was moved from Philadelphia to uses of outer space. Where once we were, in
President, Washington, some were greatly alarmed be- the judgment of some, lagging behind, to-
And speaking on this subject of the Ameri- cause It required a total of seven boxes to day we are, on the basis of clear evidence,
can public getting the full facts and truth, ship the files of the V.B. Government. forging ahead. Our efforts in space are in
Knee I last reported to you on this program That started the search for places to cut no way dictated by a policy of duplicating
I have had a small and minor problem on back and economize. Among others, It was the activities of the Soviet. We are not
-this myself. On January 24, 1963. there ap- decided that an ideal place to reduce ex- engaged in a race with Communist scien-
peared.in the Portland Press-Herald by Its penditures was the U.S. Patent Office. The tints-we are engaged in a race to extend
Washington correspondent an Item about a solemn recommendation was made that the the horizons of man's knowledge and to in-
reception given by Representative and Mrs. Patent Once should be closed-because it Crease the benefits which will better the
McIntire, That Item caused some con- was certain that the Patent Office had out- lives of all men who live on this earth.
stituente to inquire of me If there was any lived its usefulness since everything that was In 1962 the United States enjoyed a year
hard feeling between Representative Mc- worth inventing had already been invented. of great successes. Young Americans orbited
INrmz And me. That episode has been repeated many the earth for the first time. We began to
Their inquiry was prompted by what the times. I do not recall it now in any spirit communicate through space to other Conti-
Item stated and I quote from the item: of ridiculing economizing on the costOf gov- nents. As the year ended American rockets
"Senator Massa and Representative and ernment. A compelling fact of our times to were flying past far-away planets and trans-
Mrs. 'Puppet attended the reception with a that all our people-liberals as well as con- mitting to earth our first knowledge of
host of other congressiopal colleagues." aervative -'farmers as well as city residents, these other planets in our universe.
l
b
a
melt as ma vement executives- _ ___ _
Mots. substantial
a
orers
s
re
" y svl, the umz ~,,..,~.... or I have a great and growing responsibility to
aentative McIxTiaa didn't in invite me or and conspicuous. the most important works
didn't Accept the Invitation since the item join together to keep our public expenditures of space continue to be the steady progress
Indicated 'that r was the only member of the prudent at every level-Federal. State, and we are making toward peaceful and practical
Maine congressional delegation not attend- local. uses of space technology in our own times.
ing the reception. Fiscal prudence is not a partisan dividing We are concentrating our efforts at present
line. opportunity to assure ne. Neither to Government efciency. We in three fields: weather, communications
hard ake e feeling and that assure continually examine and reexamine our and navigation.-
I that want no to take
9o exists rtu any public programs to keep them realistic and
indication that the quoted Item may indi- responsive to genuine needs. We must ter- On weather, In the not distant future we
cafe otherwise is very inaccurate. For what urinate those of the past which are no longer shall have achieved technical capability of
Is the truth-and what the item did not re- needed to make room for Those which the great benefit to all the nations on earth.
veal-to . that I did attend the reception. In future requires, Satellites above us will have all portions of
fact, I was one of Me very first persons to But too often too many are too quick to the earth under their steady gaze 24 hours a
arrive at the receptiooii at'T p.m. on the dot- conclude that foundation programs-those day. We will be able to know far more
and the next storming 'Representative Mc- programs which build a stronger base for than we know now about the weather of the
ZNTIR Called me on the telephone"to'express national growth and expansion-are the ex- world-and our uses of this knowledge will
his warm thanks for my attending the recap- pendabie programs when in fact these are mean great savings of lives, property, and
ton. the indispensable activities of our Govern- economic costs.
What Is very mystifying about the item ment. This to today-as it has been for a Our weather satellites will be able to give
indicating that I did not attend the recep- quarter century-true of the rural electrifi- us information about the snow cover on our
tion Is the fact that I shook hands with the cation program. Own continent, to make the spring runoff
Washington correspondent of the Portland In the 1980's this Nation embarked upon predictable. The same satellites will give us
Press-Gerald as she arrived and came up to a great effort to strengthen itself-and knowledge we do not have now about the ice
the reception line and In the presence of strengthen Its capacity to support the cause fields on the Great Lakes and our inland
Mrs. McIntire. It is puzzling that she would of freedom-by building the foundation of waterways. It is estimated that such in-
omit my name from her story for I am Sure new strength in the agricultural and rural formation about the St. Lawrence Waterway
that she recognized me when we shook hands sectors of America. In the 1950's, when alone will save shippers more than $2 mil-
came she called me "Senator Start;." ,4we began to achieve adegree of success with lion each season. We will be able to pre-
those efforts, many were quick to demand vent the loss of our timber resources through
J that we abolish the programs responsible for costly forest fires which now smoulder on
VICE 'PTIESTbENT ADDRESSES AN.. that success and, while we were at it. abolish the forest floor for many days before the
NUAL ME*fINC3 OP RURAL ELEC- the farmers, too. presence of the fire is known. We will be
TRIC COOPERATIVES The rural electrification program has able to work with the 60 nations of the world
been-and continues to be-the favorite tar- which spend more than $15 million an-
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, last get of the wrecking crews. As one who has nually trying to control the age-old plague
month Vice President LYNDon B. Jome- worked as Congressman, as Senator, and as of locusts.
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X963 , Approved Fi//~RU00200230052-0
,Breech at Freeport Mt Lincoln said: greatly benefit if the administration's was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
"or mypart i do1iope That an of us, en- education bill receives congressional ap- as follows:
tertaining a common sentiment in opposi-
tlon to what appears to us a design to proval in its present form, Mr. Hirsch WASHINGTON WATC11
lyat tnalize and erpetuate slavery will waive tells of the significance of such aid to my (By Phil Hirsch)
minor, d1ffcre ces on I questions- Wllcfi-6ith6r" 'State: SCHOOL AID MONEY NEEDED FOR STATE
belong to the dead pasto"r the distant future; This would be nearly four times more than West Virginia will get roughly $13 million
and all pull Togg~ether in this"struggle."-Lin- the Mountain State is receiving now- worth of Federal aid during the year begin-
coln and floug, as Tlebates page 107 Wing next July 1 if the administration's
Tb e successyof he Re ulolican party, which Mr. Hirsch declares, adding that- omnibus education bill passes Congress in
has ,been Ina gurated' y fhe nomination'of Thousands of poor teenagers could obtain its present form.
Mr. Lincoln, will bring with it great` duties the education they need to keep off the 'This would be nearly four times more than
&ad; rave responsibilities. A strict observ breadline; long-deferred plans to build new the Mountain State is receiving now. Thou-
@nee, of the. nstitutlon and an infiexble- elementary, secondary, and college class- sands of poor teenagers could obtain the
adlniiistr~ltion oP ti 6-i mus# be its rule ' rooms could 'be launched, and there might edueatfg
s n they need to keep off the bread-
t Must practice themost rig economy in even be a 'chance of reducing the vast Wain- line; long-deferred plans to build new ele-
e 'arydepartment of the Government repress her of youngsters throughout the State now mentary, secondary, and college classrooms
with a Vigorous hand ' all abuses that have receiving instructions from teachers who could be launched, and there might even be
crept into its administration`; bring' about never finished college. a chance of reducing the vast number of
`raternal feeling reanimate industry; clear youngsters throughout the State now receiv-
out,ahe pathways and spread the "sails of` While Mr. Hirsch goes on to discuss ing instructions from teachers who never
eoramer e It must save the common Ter the many aspects of the omnibus educa- finished college.
rltoriesof the (fnited.S#ates ~om fife cif ' 'ion bill, and what each of these could _ T'4 bill, won't pass in its present form be-1? 11 - of slivery; reestablish fife public credit,?anc mean for the advancement of education cause southern, Catholic, and conservative
r stare c9nfldence, between" Diffi and' man"
in West Virginia, I want to especially Members of both Houses have enough votes
The?Inv% pdtate reestablishmei Of U6
pub-R, dIaw attention to his concluding re= block several key provisions. But there
lic good must be its first great object and marks, because they highlight an erosion is a better than even chance that a number
the peace and prosperity of the country will of other provisions, almost as beneficial, will
in the American destiny which we, in
,be assured get through the congressional meat-grinder
Mr. Lincoln has been but little Tn~public -the Congress, have the power to change: relatively intact.
life and he w - p
ill come into thereaidentta The pending bill- The college student loan program is one of
,chair fresh from" the people with '"no Hirsch States the least controversial parts of the new bill.
i t'ieuds to reward and no enemies to punish " Mr. For the past 5 years, needy graduate and
$e has no complications with'- politicians; authorizes $400 million in grants to local undergraduate students attending private
cliques, or 'factions, and no outstanding school districts, in fiscal 1964. West Vir- and public colleges' and universities have
promises requiring redemption. ` 'One of the ginia's share would be about $5.6 million. been able to borrow up to $1,000 a year to'
people, taken up by the people, he-,will be In fiscal 1962, about $22 million was spent finance their educations; most of this money
has been supplied by the Federal Govern-
the President of fife,eoplre.., is hithere an public-school construction throughout
are -united t'le elerrien which chalIen ed the State- ment. The administration wants to increase
in t onf1 ence o the convention wf~li obi nom the fund in fiscal -1961 from the present $90
d He continues, adding:
d him, and of die people o will elect million to $135 million annually, and allow
him. 'Be is emphatically awrepresentative 'Just imagine how many double shifts and most students to borrow up to $2,500 a year.
,=an; slid by fire simplicit~y of is manners leaky, drafty, decrepit schoolhouses could The pending bill also provides Federal loan
mid he,purity oflils pprivte'I1e he is the have been eliminated if this figure had been insurance. Students could borrow up to $50
type of the viirtues which belong to a great $6.6 million higher. million from banks and other commercial
Republic. There is an inflexible patriotism Mr. President, I believe that the plight lending institutions at lower-than-market
1A his heart, and he" ias theincorruptiSiTit interest rates. Under a related provision
Of T epublieaa inci Les in liis soul`: die was" ",of education in West Virginia is the same of the National Education Improvement Act
.loctrh1es, not atreds, and is `without amfii- as that which faces many other States of 1963, the Federal Government would help
ion, except to do good; and serve s -In the Nation. But I can only speak other students work their way through col-
pun"for the Mountain State, and-the in so doing lege or university; the bill sets aside $22.5
In these days, when corrizpp'tfon~rbdigal 1 ,can only Call attention to patriotiC d11on In 1964 to cover half their pay The
ity, and venality have"reached`tbo very' vitals purposes in the. national effort to develop 'rest would come from school or State funds.
"a the Ciovernmerit,"#''ie people'have"at last - the mental powers and abilities of every Undergrads could earn as much as $1,000 a
found an honest man to administer` the auf year, graduate students $2,000 a year.
deir"s child and of every teenager in this coun- In 1962, West Virginia college and univer-
of the ria on i n he Irit n whi c fi or
' In strengthening our educational city students received educational loans
ris;itutions e oun~ie a man whose 'try
- aaie has ever'ben `the synonym o roci#y system, we are giving new firmness to totaling $963,203. The proposed program
aAd honor, whose reputation,in an`t'e rela- the greatest bulwark against the loss of would increase this figure to more than $1.5
tions of private life, is without blemish ae Our freedom to Communist tyranny. million.
its public career is without r Sp--roach- No What we do about our educational 'There is a crying need throughout West
13faS; e'vdr'ha , arid-no man ever can, dace his -system Virginia for more 2-year colleges. The new
today-to catch up with the lag
linger upon a single dishonora'bTh or Ifm bill makes $50 million in Federal funds avail-
-pro er act of his life, fie stands to-da as In school construction, in the develop- able to all the States on a 50-50 matching
' -?ment and training of required numbers
a private citizen anal";public man unassa TTecC basis; this money could be used to build
and ttna sicn ie Of teachers, and in better pay for our junior college classrooms or pay their
P11 1~ii' II
f ^ - _ : i eachers-will shape the growth and teachers. West Virginia's share would be
An
honest .man the noblest work of God. power of our country tomorrow. If this approximately $750,000. The bill limits
Of -up ma _q it more, truly be said:
requires a new marshalling of our re- Federal aid to public junior colleges, but this
?
His life is gentle;' and the elements
F3o milled in hirrb,th that Nature might 'Sources, then let us get on with the task, Provision isn't likely to stir up the church-
stand u
-'for time is no longer on our side. The State education feud because virtually all
And say to all the world this is a man "Russians are already graduating more _ parochial colleges are 4-year institutions.
-Another art of the bill likely to ass
i ,el~gineers, technicians, and scientists part y pass
I -largely In its present form is the vocational
eeaGh year than we are, education program. Approximately $73 mil-
$CHOOL Alb NC51~T N~S95 F~03 I would commend to the Congress, as lion in Federal grants would be provided on
STAa matchin basis (versus $50 million this
ot, ~~,/- slogan to bear in mind during the g
r $ I~ o ; t1~st Vi gima. Mr. course of debates on the Presidents year) to finance classes for high school stu-
'resident, the need for congressional ac- .omnibus education bill, so that the our- dents, dropouts, unemployed youth, those
Lion on PresidentI enlled, s omnibus with jobs who are interested in upgrading
education partlCUar ~ insofar as -poses of the bill are not lost in partisan themselves, and handicapped workers. The
West Virginia 11 is, concerneC1 iS CO entf" -ire: "A good American is an educated money could also be spent on area, voca-
Y -American." tiQnal schools. The most significant differ-
argued by Mr Piiii 1I1rsc- iri ills COiUlni3r ence between the new vocational-education
"Washin?toff Watch ' whit i appeared in Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- program and the old one is that in future,
'the Februar~yy__~ 63' edition- _of -~tlie sent to have Mr. Hirsch's column printed a student could be trained for a skill needed
Cliarleston;`W. Va., Gazette in the RECORD at this time. elsewhere in his State. At present, each
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 Approved For 5 00200230052-0 February 18
? s: . .. - .,; ... ..B - - ___--_ -- -...... ?,sr Cut, w C4ba ahff the t __ et ,~ Ieston's ub11c library Democrats, were very proud of their Demo- Kennedy administration had to admit how
.system could `receejv"e Pe feral`aipd for the first cratfc President. right Senator KriT:two was and how wrong
time, ci L'-Virginia received ' !i'18 in much of that feeling of pride still existed the Kennedy administration Was at the very
library aid during fiscal 1062 g11e ill ( ks ago when I spoke to you on this times the Kennedy administration was is-
wTlie mjafij that Uwe to mori tXa h42 ost mtroye c ing ear. a o For most of the beginning .of the cotory. suing heated denials and castigating Senator
millidon dollars 'in"?h 'Je"' in ~ session. But that it Is not true today. Kaxrnva.
p that feeling has now gone from And now they see and hear Senator KsAT-
dent's educational package ares,a,basic t eclu- Washington-and from back in Maine and mC speaking up again and warning about a
cation program for adults who haven't' &- throughout the Nation, if the letters I re- heavy Russian military buildup In Cuba-
lahed t grade de choo~education fs ohe on- ceive are any indication of how the public and again they see the Kennedy administra-
now feels- tion issuing heated denials and castigating
FedeCa1 grants to elementary and secondary That former feeling of pride and Kona- Senator KxAnaro calling his warnings irre-
school systems which could be used either for dente has now been replaced with a feeling sponsible and disgraceful.
bricks and mortar or for salaries, df'- ICTon, distrust, lack of, confidence, and But the memory of the American public
''The basic education program, would be ~ sentment-a feeling of resentment of is not so short as some would like it to be-
worth about 655,W to West Virginia during the possibility of having been misled with and the feeling of the American public is
the next fiscal year. It is opposed by south- reports that were to rosy and too sugar- that with Senator KzsrINo having been so
-ft=. they fear it would encourage Negroes mated and did not give the more disturbing right before, the American public is not
`to vote and seek better Jobe thus _ealroying fasts. quickly going to accept the claims of the
semlfeudal society that still exists Growing numbers of Americana are begin- Kennedy administration that Senator KaiT-
di
ng ace ul. a chink the American public is
e wa commits a billion d ? ,Zr pop- i Cuba-just want aid we accomplish or
tlon of college and university academic 110t accomplish back In October 1062 on the going to be inclined to believe that it is
Virginia University, which recently, an- not" truth and sounding a needed warning until
i,plans for a $80 miliion_ezpanson Now several Members of Congress are re- the Kennedy administration can prove oth-
rooggrram was approved, it would all the miscues were not removed. The --why this is where we came in last year, It
T1rginia to as much as grab, 'snnedy_ administration denies the charges looks like a replay of the Keating-Kennedy
construction loans are can ht Sri B Tmpeeeaoly cool Secretary of Defense in his knockout and a victory for the American
-ight it between Dublic and private school dental makes attacks on Members of Con- people getting the truth."
- x..- "T4 program denials that dominate the air in Washi
aid, eage 't'Pc fide ad to privat3 ton now on the Cuban controversy is that
liG iiQ@4 against Fcderal aid to Drivate The result to that again the American
d
e`s d au investigation into determining just
tgument_ underlying _the Oepy administration is telling them the
tru aid to elelpeigj y and -or whether Senators and Represents- how great was the reported Russian military
h
IA
Director ambits that there is a
e C
e8 alts local'sQl ailing them the truth in their charges of a
fs In 3Iseai i*Rd: weal. virvlniati :hare threatening Russian buildup in Cubs threat in Cuba.
b ? abOU ~ - But this much they do know. First, they the' American puDile, this action of
the crisis vL- Y investigation drowns out the heated denials
Y- ei 9
_c Vh?M that durin
62
g
i
f
Of the Kenne
be
admi ist
on-
o the
v Offered a veal to President Kennedy-
ra
on public school construction. WgWLU put "h'
y
decre i double Is deal that Khrushchev would remove the American public recognizes that the Cuban man p L school- Rvaetan missiles in Cuba If Kennedy would situation has gotten so bad that a member of
the staae, Jiist i _drains how
Kennedy's own Democratic Party
remove the American missiles In Turkey.
fl
6, Iii Veen,ell-lAideA thin
ha
ordered a con
i
l i
s
gress
ona
nvestigation of
b -car were proud whe Pidt K
en ,een Son h r, reedynresenen- the matter. turned that deal down. But now they ce
g41i
+ wondered when they read within the past Added to this controversy which is causing
SOVIET MILITAR ACTIVITIES IN raw days the announcement of President the American public to have doubts about
Sa obsolescence, Americans still wonder it a did not stand p to-Khrtishchev in
dir. President. on Feb- u
il# 10 1063, r made a report on stn- deal ~n't actually made during the crisis- October 1983-of what happened behind the
Lion OAN, of Portland. Maine, to the -With an agreement that the American mix- scenes as compared to what was told the
ow was told t e
----- - - -. ,mericas
eom,a -e th
ti
p
e
me
ognizes t}}a the 4z tea i n}lesiiep in Tor truth to the people by the Kennedy ad-
There , being ? no objection, the broad- key now are hardly any more obsolete than ministration.
?t?$6t was ordered to be printed in the they were during the October crisis just a Added to this controversy is the recent
.RFX0JW,188 follows; little more than 3 months ago. They see declaration of the Attorney General, brother
that whatever the reason may be-that of President Kennedy, that no air cover had
t3SNATO~ +~m~ iSoB ~" Khrushchev has achieved his objective with even been assured for the Bay of Pigs in-
ef0>siCL T. u TLAriD, MAINE, our missiles being removed from Turkey as vasion. Some Congressmen have accused the
P'amttreeir ill f983 he had demanded. Attorney General of attempting to rewrite
Flints repor$ to you on this program 4 They remember the Kennedy ultimatum history in such a statement. I make no such
S4 4 ago there as been a great change in of on-site inspection-but now they see that accusation against him. But I don't see
of great natrona} connaerKe,gmi Cuba because it hasn't made on-the-ground This much we do know. First, that the
ut'a Btand
that President Jgen- iraapectlone. Ba
of Pi
s invasion
d
d i
fl
,
y
g
en
n a
e
sscothat
_- edy had taken in the latter part of October There is another fact that stands out in it constituted one of the most humiliating
lust before' the November congressional the mind of the American public-that fact defeats our country has ever suffered.
election. is that Senator Kzxxsru KsarINO Was so Second, we know that President Kennedy
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 ff d b Rabbi I?heodore SUBSIDIZATION OF BOHEMIA plant and Publisher Quevedo packed his
e
l
y
11
morn yr, wad o er
y made the plane
Lewis Oi?OUrO agogu8, in Iriy home LIBRE b So he joined barely .
_. joined the exiles.
City o vpo I fiouro yriagogue Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, on Feb- Bohemia thus became Bohemia Libre in
olctes synagogue in theUnited
ruary 8, 1963, the Washington Daily exile and in sheer vitriol outdid all other
afesr and it is this year marking the News published an article entitled "Has Castro critics (no mean feat, these days).
I Y4 nnlvrsary of its founding. It CIA Killed Anti-Castro Mag?" IRONY
#as toda~ as a symbol"ofjan often- The article describes the publication it is an irony, say Cuban exiles, that Bo-
;forgotten r gfi# in American society-the Bohemia Libre and the extent of its sub- hernia now is portrayed in the very role it
It is most fitting that we note this
'American right and this anniversary to-
dav because this week has also been des-
when we pause to" extend the hand of
friendship? and understanding` to all
Amerfeans whatever their differences of
race,; color, or creed Rabbi Lewis comes
to us today 69 1& living embodiment of
all these traditions, handed down now
through two centuries of Touro Syna
gogue's proud history of service to her
Coliregation to our city, and to the
'Nation
Tsar happy indeed to welcome him to
the Senate today
sidization by the U.S. Central Intelll- accused U.S. newsmen of playing: agent of
orts that the CIA.
le re
ti
Th
e ar
c
p
gence Agency.
.the subsidy apparently has been with-
drawn.
At one point the article states:
According to this magazine's staffer, Bo-
hemia Libre furnished a U.S. Senator with
photos of the Russian buildup in Cuba and
that didn't help the, administration either.
The Senator he named is currently a Demo-
crat.
I do not know why my name was not
used directly by the newspaper, when it
was-the senior Senator from Oregon who
obviously was involved.
To set the record straight, I wish to
say, that these photographs were not fur-
ii14iec to me they were offered tome I
resporied"by` suggesting that the -pic-
tures be taken to the appropriate intelli-
gence agencies of the U.S. Government.
,
Sr
AS a member of the-Committee on , For ...ported lost the Bay of Pigs battle.
!r I O AN Sy fVlr resident on. eign Relations, that was the only appro 4. That if the actual Size of the CIA's sub-
lF'el ru ry_ announced that the legisla- priate response that I could make, or sidy of Bohemia Libre got into the hands of
Lures of Cl S#atOS had- approved the should have made, to the offerer of the congress, it would embaras6 the Kennedy
riti poll tax amendment which the photographs. administration-and the CIA-just about as
81t 1 Congress submitted for ratifica- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- thoroughly as the Bay of Pigs disaster itself.
.fr...