PART 4: LET'S KEEP THE RECORD STRAIGHT-- A SELECTED CHRONOLOGY OF CUBA AND CASTRO, MARCH 12, 1962-SEPTEMBER 13, 1962

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230032-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2004
• Sequence Number: 32
• Publication Date: January 30, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

A949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX January - 30
the United States would move swiftly against thousands of other men did the same. Why
Cuba if the military buildup there threat- all of a sudden do we now have to give such
ep.ed U.S. security in any way, "includ- rewards to the veterans of the Cuban inva-
ing our base at Guantanamo, our pas- sion. They are not citizens of the United
sage to the Panama Canal, our missile and States and they were not fighting for the
or the United States. Why do we have to reward
naveral
C
a
space activities at Cape
, lives of American citizens in this country, the Cubans, we did not reward the Chinese
or if Cuba should ever attempt to export its when they were driven from the mainland,
aggressive purposes by force or the threat nor many others.
of force against any nation in this hemi- Why, if the U.S. Government wants to
sphere, or become an offensive military base educate someone, doesn't it retrain the coal
of significant capacity for the Soviet Un- miners who are fast losing their jobs because
ton." He says that if the United States of machines, and this is just one of a dozen
should ever find it necessary to take military or more fields where men are becoming ob-
action against the Castro regime, the Com- solete if they don't receive special training.
munist-supplied weapons and technicians I think our first responsibility is to the
"would not change the result or significantly American people. Perhaps the American
extend the time required to achieve the re- people should have something to say about
sult," The President adds that the Cuban this proposed bill, after all we will be paying
economy is crumbling as a result of Premier for it. I think they would rather send their
Castro's "own monumental economic mis- sons and daughters to college with those
nd the economic boycott by taxes than send someone they don't know.
t"
a
managemen
the United States. He criticizes loose talk I feel we should help those who helped us
the en GI out rv., ?-,
l
"
to give
in the United States which serves
a thin color of legitimacy to the Communist
pretense that such a threat [of an American
invasion] exists" He expresses the hope
that "the American people, defending as we
do so much of the free world, will in this
nuclear age, keep both their nerve and their
L heads."
Cuban Gl Bill
y
in the past, name
the fathers and mothers who gave sons to about the men and women whose fates
die for our country, etc. If we make this a hang upon the work done by American
business of wholesale giveaway, then it will Civil Liberties Union and its opponents.
lose it's prestige to those who worked hard I have had numerous RECQRD items about
to earn it. American Civil Liberties Union and its
Not only are these ien ofthe brigade projects. Last year I was honored to
being considered for such payments for
fighting for their country, Cuba, but they meet with the board of directors of
are receiving well over a $100 a month for American Civil Liberties Union, to share
living expenses. Do the unemployed in our some rather frank thoughts with them.
.country receive that much money when A new organization has sprung up called
they are out of work, I think not: Even the Defenders of American Liberties. It -
those Cubans who are at present in the will seek to handle cases which Ameri-
HON. M. C. (GENE) SNYDER they were removed from Fort Knox, Ky., to
of xI;NTUCKY the south because of the severe weather.
these what at good cannot will they stand be to the United
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES weather m all climates nof
Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, under world in all extremes of weather. Are these
leave heretofore, granted to extend my men going to be able to rest out their days
remarks, I am including a letter which in the sunny south. What would have hap-
was sent to the President of the United pened if George Washington, that winter in
un
i
d
r
s army an
States, by two Senators and me. Valley Forge, had taken h
off to Mexico or someplace else. I think
I feel that this letter from one of my Americans learned long ago that nothing is
constituents echoes the belief of may won by running, so why do the Cubans leave
people in this country in regard to the their homeland by the thousands. Perhaps
conscience money which is being spent as if these men want lessons, they should take
a result of the Cuban fiasco. ? a course in American history. It could teach
The letter follows:, them many things. I could continue on an
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 14, 1963
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, the field
of civil rights is a vast one, and it re-
quires a great deal of original work and
study. Up to now, the American Civil
Liberties Union of New York, with local
branches in many States, has pretty
much had this field to itself. During the
past years, I have often had the occa-
sion both to defend and to criticize this
organization and its work. I have done
can Civil Liberties Union for its own rea-
sons does not want to work with, or
where limited funds allow only one or-
ganization to be active. Clearly the
makeup of both organizations and their
personnel is very different. This should
not disturb people. Competition be-
tween a more conservative and liberal
point of view in the civil rights field
should help bring out new issues and as-
sist thoughtful citizens in doing more
in this field. The Newhouse newspapers
story-St. Louis Globe-Democrat-and
the Christian Science Monitor report of
December 31, 1962, and January 2, 1963,
respectively, follow:
[From the St. Louis Globe-Democrat,
Dec. 31, 1962]
I was doing my duty for my country. as I
nothing in return as I feel I have been re- soon, I remain, farm , because of a Defenders tax debelievbest. just ust such a man
colving my reward in the form of freedom Sincerely, In fact
that I enjoy - every day. Thousands upon DON L. TIsoil9Pp,oN. is L. R. Gajewski, a Mitchell, N. Dak., farmer.
I spent 4,years on active duty and over a ` them, is looking for this and o ma
year in the Active Reserve. I received noth- I would appreciate hearing an opinion "A poor guy who is not a member of any
ing for my 'time except the satisfaction that from each of you gentlemen. Thank you for particular organization, has no pressure
I k our time and hoping to hear from you group behind him-and, .say, he's losing his
His Excellency, JOAN F. KENNEDY, oi.c cam.'- .' ?- CONSERVATIVES
The President of the United States. concerning the air cover story. Possibly
they never heard the old saying, "don't look DALLAS.-Two sparsely
Hon, THRUSTON MORTON, furnished rooms in
a gift horse in the mouth." a Dallas skyscraper are headquarters for an
U.S, Senator. - Let me state here that I don't dislike the organization whose president says it is fight-
Hon. Jon Cuban people, nor am I criticizing my Gov- ing for the civil rights of conservative
. . COOPER, Americans-and filling a vacuum by doing
U.S. Senator.
Hon. GENE SNIDER, ernment or it's elected officials. I only want
U., Representative. to know why the Cuban people are receiving so?
DEAS MR. PRESIDENT AND SIRS: Enclosed is preferential treatment when, I feel, that The new organization is Defenders of
there are more deserving. Americans. I American Liberties. Its president is Robert
a article dated from our local pap63 the The title le f think we should help these people to a Morris, attorney, former New York City
Times, lC ban- GI t Due," is ent to reasonable extent. But I think the benefits judge, former counsel to congressional in-
Was GI Bill
the e Ge"Cuban-
hingtoillnand the es e rest of of this mentioned are beyond reason. Our country vestigating committees, and former president
tBlake ryGeorge grea Was past leaders'turn over in is open to all peoples of the world as it of the University of Dallas.
hunt's their graves. `S Since when does the Govern- should be, but why can't the Cuban people In 1960, Morris, then a Point Pleasant at-
neat of the United States give veterans of wait their turn as other peoples of other torney, ran Tor the Republican Senate nomi-
countries are doing. I don't feel we owe the nation in the New Jersey primary, but was
oesn't even give it'to its own - people countries college and vocational train- eoPle of Cuba anymore than the people of defeated by Senator CLIFFORD P. CASE.
when it d
ing
Veterans who pay the taxes for such things. Other countries. LIMIT CASES
I am referring to the GI bill which was killed I feel this matter should be taken before Morris said the organization will not take
by Congress for the veterans of the cold war the American people. Abe Lincoln once any case in which a meritorious civil rights
not so long ago. I ask you to tell me that said the Government was for the people issue is not involved, and in any such case
-these Cubans deserve such rights when Amer- and by the people. How are you going to it limits its action to the cause of civil rights.
leans don't, know what the people want unless you ask He said Defenders of American Liberties
k? f n in trouble:
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230032-2
 r9 e3 Approved ForRRelease 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230032-2
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --APPENDIX A397
trained and armed for this Invasion by the August 29, 1962: President Kennedy (at a would use "whatever means may be neces-
Eisenhower administration. The signal to press conference) states that United States sary" to prevent aggression by Cuba against
let them go and the means to get them there has no intention of invading Cuba "at this any part of the Western Hemisphere.
were given by the Kennedy administration time." He adds that "the words do not have September 7, 1962: President Kennedy asks
Can the U.S. Government ? ? ? some secondary meaning. I think it would Congress for authority to order 150,000 mem-
wash its hands of them? We think not. be a mistake to invade Cuba." He declares bers of the military Reserves to active duty
Though the idea of bartering with Castro that the United States has already been in form year, If necessary, "to permit prompt
for human lives Is deeply repulsive, the consultation with NATO nations whose ship- and effective responses * ? ? to challenge
United States still has a responsibility for ping firms have chartered vessels to the So- ? ? ? in any part of the free world."
those lives." viet Union to haul military goods to Cuba.- September 11, 1982: Soviet Union (in a
April 28, 1962: Premier Castro demands "Even to consider [blockade or invasion] as statement issued by Tass, Soviet press agen-
that the committee pay the $2.5 million ran- possibilities requires far greater Latin Ameri- cy) warns that any attack by the United
som within 1 week; if not, he states that can sympathy for Washington's attitude than States on Cuba or upon Soviet ships bound
the remaining prisoners will be sent to the now exists." for Cuba would mean war. It asserts that
Isle of Pines to begin serving terms of 30 August 81, 1962: U.S. Navy plane on a Soviet arms in Cuba are for defensive pur-
years imprisonment, training flight over international waters near poses orig. It adds that the Soviet Defense
May 14, 1962: Tass (Soviet news agency) Cuba is fired on by two naval vessels. The Ministry to taking "all measures to raise our
reports that the Soviet-Cuban trade agree- White House announces that the ships are armed forces to peak military preparedness."
ment for 1962 Is to be increased to about believed to be Cuban, and that U.S. aircraft On the same day, Premier Castro (in a
$750 million under an agreement signed in and ships have been authorized to use "all speech to an educators' convention in
Moscow, a level of trade almost 40 percent means necessary" to protect themselves Havana) declares that the United States is
higher than In 1961. The supplementary against any similar attack in the future. "playing with fire and with war," and adds
agreement calla for the supply of consider- September 2, 1962: Soviet Union announces that "we do not want imperialism to commit
able quantities of wheat, corn, beans. fats, (m a communique issued on the talks be- suicide on our coast."
canned meat, and milk. tween Minister of Industries Ernesto Guevara Also on the same day, the Havana radio
June 3_ 1962: New York Her
ld T
io ._- - _ - -- -
a
r
b
h
_,
as
een saven leaders) that it has agreed to supply arms
an intelligence report of clandestine move- to Cuba and to provide specialists to train
ments of rifles, automatic weapons and am- Cuba's armed forces. The communique
munition from four dispersal centers in states that the arms are intended to meet the
Cuba to nine Latin American countries: "threats" of "aggressive imperialist quarters,"
Nicaragua, Honduras, Venezuela, Brazil, Co- a watersipd In hemispheric history. It was
lombla, Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay and Bolivia, a power move in the cold war by the Soviet
The report asserts that the arms have been Union, as if a pawn had been advanced on a
accompanied by hundreds of copies of MAJ. global chessboard. It was also a daring and
Ernesto Guevara's book, "Guerrilla Warfare." defiant gambit by Premier Castro to
June le, 1962: Government parades tanks, strengthen his regime and his revolution.
troops, and artillery through the streets of Cuba now cannot be invaded ? ? ? without
Cardenas, a port 90 miles east of Havana, in killing Russians. The added dangers of an
response to popular demonstrations over invasion are clear. Far more than Cuba-and
.food scarcities. President Osvaldo Dorticos Fidel Castro are involved. The wrecked
Tornado denounces (at a political rally In Cuban economy will take a long time to re-
Cardenas) "wretched counterrevolutionary build-4 or 5 years at least, if the revolution
provocations." lasts that long ? ? ?. No direct move on our
July 26, 1962: Premier Castro (in a speech part could succeed unless the other Latin
at a celebration in Santiago de Cuba of the American powers went along with us.
9th anniversary of his 26th of July Move- "It took 50
ment) declares that President Kennedy -in
extreme create the OAS, and
only the most years
set on launching an attack against our justify me ew Yo would
Country." He announces to thousands of justify breaking it up" (NNew York k Times,
workers that rationing will be extended from Sept. 9, 1962).
food to shoes and clothing. on the same a e, a U.S. State Department
spokesman an-
ouncemenr declares that the Moscow been
food 6, 1962: James Donovan, the U.S. n
what hasbeen
lawyer representing the Cuban Families going unco In t "merely months."
Committee, announces the opening of a pub- September grecen9
lie drive to raise the $62 million ransom re- lates (in 4, ategre Issued Issue Kennedy -
quired .to free the 1,180 Cuban rebel pris- esultatian a with statement
congressional ued leaders) can that
oners. (Donovan is the American who ar- the United States would ee would rs)
ranged for the exchange of U-2pilot Francis means use "whatever
ur o Cuba
Gary Powers for convicted Soviet spy Rudolf from exporting obe "its necessary" ag a t prevent
Abel.) I aggressive purposes by
August 20, 1962: Press reports or the threat of force" against "any part
between J20, 19 and July r1 Soviet ships of the Western Hemisphere." The President
or-
arrived at 4 ports in Cuba-3,000 to 5,900 adds that "there is no evidence of any or-
Crived st-bloc technicians and large combat force from any Soviet-bloc
titles of goods and weapons q~_ country: of military bases provided to Rue-
B pons are said to have ala ? ? ? of the presence of offensive ground-
been landed. "The equipment may include to-ground missiles ? ? Were it to be
ground-to-air missiles, largely defense weap- otherwise the gravest issues would arise."
one. There apparently is transportation, He states that the Cuban question must be
electrical and construction equipment, radar dealt with as part of the worldwide Commu-
vans and mobile generators. These appear nist challenge and In the context of the
to be going Into coastal and air defense." "special relationships which have charac-
August 22, 1962: President Kennedy ac- terized the inter-American system."
knowledges, at a press conference, that Com- On the same day, the Latin American Free
munist "supplies and technicians of rather Trade Association (in Its second conference
Intensive quantity in recent weeks" have In Mexico City at the nine members who
been landin
in C
b
g
u
a
. have signed the association's charter so far) that Soviet leaders were worried over the
August 24, 1962. Several buildings in Ha- votes by 7 to 0. with Mexico and Brazil possibility that the United States might con-
vana are damaged by shellfire from two small abstaining over juridical procedure, to re- front them with the necessity of interven-
powerboats sent from Miami by the Student ject Cuba's application for membership of ing militarily In the Caribbean or retreat-
Revolutionary Directory, an exile group of the association, declaring that a Communist ing from their doctrine of "no export of
former University of Havana students. The economy is incompatible with the market counterrevolution.' They believe that
US. State Department states th
t th
a
e US principlesf fti Pi Khh
.. oree enerprse and free com-remerruschev, well aware of the at-
Government was not involved in the raid and petition. titude of his people, will go to great lengths
had no prior knowledge of it. September 5, 1982: U.S. Secretary of State to avoid a conflict with the United States.
August 28, 1962: Tass, the Soviet press Dean Rusk holds a meeting with 19 Latin But few were willing to predict what the
agency, reports that the volume of ship- American Ambassadors in Washington and Soviet leader would do it a [rebel] motor-
ments from the Soviet Union to-Cuba in 1962 informs them of the U.S. determination to boat * ? ? suddenly put a torpedo into a
will be double that of 1961, and that 10 prevent the export of communism from Soviet ship in Caribbean waters." (Seymour
Soviet ships and 5 ships of West German, Cuba. Press reports state that there was Topping, New York Times, Sept. 13, 1962.)
Norwegian, Greek and Italian registry are "full unanimity" with President Kennedy's September 13, 1962: President Kennedy as-
sn the way to Cuba. "containment policy" that the UpIted States serts (at his weekly news conference) that
bar in north-central Cuba and fired more
than 60 shots into a British freighter and a
Cuban ship. An exile organization in Miami
known as Alpha 66 acknowledges respon-
sibllity for the attack.
September 12, 1962: Three Republican
Senators propose amendments to President
Kennedy's reserve mobilization bill that
would authorize the President to take "such
action as is necessary" to prevent viola-
tion of the Monroe Doctrine and to inter-
vene in Cuba.
On the same day, Moscow newspapers -
publish the statement of the Soviet Govern-
ment warning of war if the United States
Interferes with Cuba.
The effect on Soviet policy of the Russian
people's reactions toward Cuba: "There is
considerable sympathy for the Cubans
among the Russian people. However, there
was an adverse public reaction in July 1960,
when Premier Khrushchev Implied that So-
viet rockets would be launched if the United
States attacked Cuba. The Premier later
qualified this remark as symbolic. Experi-
enced Western observers [in Moscow] be-
lieve that a large section of Soviet public
opinion will feel unhappy about Soviet in-
volvement In the Caribbean. Fear of war
is often the dominant motivating factor in
the reaction of the Soviet people to inter-,
national crises. The defensive tone of the
Soviet statement in describing the nature
of military aid to Cuba lent support to this
theory ? ? ?. Mr. Khrushchev has barred
world wars and ? ? ? 'imperialist local wars'
as Instruments of policy ? * ?, However, he
has appended two stipulations to this rule,
both of which fit the case of Cuba
First, Communists must support without
reservation wars of 'national liberation.'
Then, once such a war has been consolidated
Internally, as in the instance of the Castro
revolution, it must be shielded by the So-
viet Union under the slogan 'no export of
counterrevolution.' In the Soviet state-
ment this thesis was translated into the
warning to the United States ? * ?. West-
ern observers Interpreted [the Soviet warn-
ing to the United States[ as an indication
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230032-2
 A396 CONG .tESSIONAL TtECOPD -APPENDIX January
United States and which now area part cians, goods and weapons, arriving in Communist Party assumption of authority
"
(New
of our modern histor Cuba-with an acknowledgement 2 days in the Castro regime at Havana
We find detailed h re the desperation later by the President that this was in- York Times, Mar. 17,1962).
March 20, 1962: Guatemala formally ac-
olremler Fidel Castro in his efforts to deed true. cuses Cuba of aiding an uprising in Guate-
cope With economic chaos in Cuba. We ` This recalls to mind the press con- mala: the charge is made in a note to the
find the Cuban youth being urged to ference on November 29, 1961, in which President of the Council of the Organization
develop a more intense "Marxist spirit, President Kennedy declared that the of American States.
a more Communist'spirit," and their Pre- United States would be "most concerned" March 22, 1962: House Government Opera-
mier promising them the glories of a if the Castro regime in Cuba attempted tions Committee urges the U.S. Government
"more advanced stage, not socialism, but to overthrow the' existing government in to press a $99.4 million claim against Cuba
communism." the Dominican Republic or in any other for seizure of the Nicaro nickel plant in
'Then we And on March 28, 1962, the Latin American state. And that prior Oriente Province, because the plant had
been operated by the U.S. Government.
first U.S. State Department reports of to the news report of the shipments to March 23, 1962: U.N. Security Council re-
Soviet bloc military aid to Cuba. Latin American countries of weapons jests by a vote of 7 to 2 a Cuban charge
We find $62 million in ransom de- and propaganda, the Guatemalan Gov- that the Organization of American States
manded for Cuban prisoners taken dur- ernment-on March 20, 1962-formally violated the U.N. Charter in barring Cuba
ing the abortive uprising of the exiles. accused Cuba in a note to the Organi- from the inter-American system. The Se-
And we find the odd spectacle of Presi- zation of American States of aiding an curity Council also rejects by a vote of 7 to 4
dent Kennedy announcing that these uprising in Guatemala. a Cuban request that the question of the
Cuban prisoners are really a responsi- The chronology details our military legality of the OAS action be submitted to
the World Court.
bility of the United States because they callup of 150,000 members of the Re- On the same day, Fidel Castro and his
were "trained and armed for this inva- serves to active duty and that three of brother Raul are named to the two top posts
sion by the Eisenhower administration" our Republican Senators proposed in the Secretariat of the Integrated Revolu-
and given the "signal to let them go by amendments to the Presidential request tionary which Organization, thea single direc-
the Kennedy administration." However, for authority for the callup, which would
he states the U.S. Government will not give him added authority to prevent vio- party in Cuba. The Premier is named the
negotiate with Cuba to ransom the lotion of the Monroe Doctrine and to organization's first secretary and Armed
Forces Minister Raul Castro is named second
prisoners. And the thought occurs to intervene in Cuba, if it became. a.cretary.
us that the American public then must The American public, along 'T 'March 26, 1962: Premier Castro (in a ra-
pick up the pieces and be responsible for time, was admonished by the c dio-television broadcast) denounces Anibal
Government actions of which they were to "keep both their nerve and their Escalante, a long-time Cuban Communist
never really officially informed-and at heads." This brings to mind Plutarch, leader, for having brought "real chaos to all
this late date still have not been-if we who in commenting on a man being the country" and having "tried to create an
analyze the President's 'thinking cor- praised for his foolhardy bravery, stated: apparatus to pursue personal ends." He adds
that Ecsalante has been "separated" and that
reetly. And our thoughts further turn There is a wide difference between true he had much to do with inspiring a spirit
to the four Americans known to be im- courage and a mere contempt of life. of "sectarianism," leading many to believe
prisoned in Red China: Hum- And this quotation-in a nutshell- that the only ones who could be given im-
mond Richard G. Fechteau, John T. describes the difference in the attitude portant posts "were the old and militant
owney, and Bishop ames E. Walsh. of a truly republican form of govern- revolutionaries."
ese men are known to be political March 28, 1962: U.S. state Department is-
hostages and our State Department de- ment-and the Communist form of gov- sues report of Soviet bloc military aid to
glares their release and return to this ernment-toward human life. Cuba; it estimates, that Cuba has received
country to be an issue of utmost im- The chronology follows: $100 million of military aid to train several
A SELECTED CHRONOLOGY ON CUBA, MARCH 12 hundred Cuban pilots in Czechoslovakia and
portance. TO OCTOBER 24, 1962, BY THE LEGISLATIVE provide 50 to 75 MIG jet fighters, and pro-
We remember, too, the 21 prisoners of SERVICE, THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS vide modern weapons for Cuba's ground
,War who first refused repatriation after March 12, 1962: Premier Fidel Castro an- forces of 300,000 men. These weapons in-
the Korean war was ended. Ten finally nounces nationwide food and soap rationing clude: 150 to 250 heavy and medium tanks,
became disillusioned with dialectical ma- to become effective March 19. He links 50 to 100 assault guns, 500 to 1,000 field artil-
terialism and returned to this country. Shortages of food and consumer goods to a lery pieces, 500 to 1,000 antiaircraft artillery
One died in Red China. And 10 still re- "brutal economic blockade" against Cuba. guns, 500 mortars, 200,000 small arms, and
main there. He denounces "Yankee imperialism" for some patrol vessels and torpedo boats.
making "desperate efforts" to destroy the March 29, 1962: Government begins trial
We think of the 389 American soldiers (at Principe prison, in a suburb of Havana)
still officially regarded missing out of Cuban revolution. He also says that "we of 1,182 prisoners captured after the unsuc-
.the original figure of 944-and of whom -have the shame of not being able to fulfill cessful invasion last April.
promises because we made subjective anal- _ On the same day, the Council of the Or-
nb trace, report, or record has been yses" and because many of Cuba's most ganization of American States votes by 16
found-since the Korean war. skilled workers were either "taken away by abstentions, to express a firm
And we finally think of the eight imperialism" or "driven away by our mis- to 0, hope that with 3 the rebel prisoners will
have every
American prisoners-one being held in trust although they could have been won legal guarantee of their trial. `
the Soviet Union, three held in the Soviet over:" ' April 3, 1962: Ecuador severs diplomatic
Zone ' of Germany, one held in Czecho- March 14, 1962: Premier Castro (at a Uni- relations with Cuba, and becomes the 15th
Slovakia, and another still thought to be "` versity of Havana rally) urges Cuban youth nation of the Americas to do so.
held in Czechoslovakia. to develop a more intense "Marxist spirit, a April 8, 1962: Military tribunal sentences
more Communist spirit," and says that the each of the prisoners to 30 years imprison-
Arid we wonder how the families and _ young in Cuba will some day live "in another
friends of these American prisoners feel more advanced stage, not socialism, but gent, but offers to free them on the pay-
. ment of a total of $62 million in ransom.
and if perhaps the American public communism:" The ransom is set at $500,000 each for the
should not be reminded that these men, March 17, 1962: Premier Castro (in a tele- 3 leaders of the invasion force, $100,000 for
too, were caught in a Communist trap vision broadcast) declares that "the revolu- 221 others, and $50,000 or $25,000 for the
and deserve to be considered a national tion needs to revise all the revolutionary
* * remaining 995 men.
nuclei and-all the political apparatus *
responsibility by the public and the to do away with the errors and abuses and to April 11, 1962: Pravda (official newspaper
American Government. gain good performance." He singles out of the Soviet Communist Party) endorses
In this portion of the chronology we those "who think they are more revolution- the expulsion of Escalante by Premier Castro
find reports of weapons, ammunition, and ary than anybody and have the right to mis- for trying to further his personal ambitions.
propaganda in the form of a Communist- treat and humiliate others" He also criti- The Cuban exiles report from Havana that
authored bogk on how to wage guerrilla cizes the watchdog defense committees set Cuba will release 54 sick and wounded
up to guard against counterrevolution prisoners, in return for ransom payment.
warfare are being sent to nine Latin (which exist in every big city and through- On the same day, President Kennedy (at a
American countries from Cuba. Then out the countryside) as having committed news conference) declares that the U.S. Gov-
we learn of 20 Soviet ships carrying from injustices. "Observers linked Premier Cas- ernment will not' negotiate with Cuba to
3,000 to 5,000 Communist-bloc techni- tro's statements to the advancement of ransom the prisoners. "[These men) were
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230032-2
 1114 t9 d- -
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B003g3R000200230032-
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A395
President should apply a rule of reason con-
sonant with the first amendment's guaran-
tees of a free press.
As a matter of principle, he said, he is
against censorship, even in wartime, because
he regards It as self-defeating. "We don't
want to tell the enemy anything, of course,'
he noted, "but the important thing is to keep
faith with the American people and our heri-
tage. We must not confuse our people and
undermine the credibility of our Govern-
ment."
RmaiTS ACTION IN U-R CASE
Eisenhower then indicated his regret that
he did not obey his instincts when Francis
Gary Powers and his U-2 reconnaissance
plane were shot down over the Soviet Union.
His advisers urged him to put out the cover
story that had long been prepared to dis-
guise the spying mission In such an even-
tuality.
His instinct told him to say nothing, he
said, but he finally accepted the strong ad-
vice of his aids.
Soviet Premier B:hrushchev then proved to
the world, by producing Powers and photo-
graphs of his plane, that the U.S. Govern-
ment had lied.
Apparently the incident still nettles Eisen-
hower, and perhaps helps to explain the
strong views he expressed on the danger of
tampering with a flow of honest news in a
free society. It is so easy to misuse power.
Government should never fool the people for
the sake of fooling the people, he said.
Msgr. Franklyn J. Kennedy and Catholic
Herald Citizen Lead Fight Against Ra-
cial Prejudice
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. HENRY S. REUSS
Or WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, January 24,1963
Mr.. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, America's
position in the world today requires that
we remove from our shores all traces of
prejudice, discrimination, and segrega-
tion. One of the most important leaders
in this fight is Msgr. Franklyn J. Ken-
nedy, editorial manager of the Catholic
Herald Citizen, of Milwaukee.
The Herald Citizen recently covered
the National Conference on Religion and
Race in Chicago. This conference was
attended by 700 Catholic, Protestant,
Orthodox, and Jewish leaders from all
over the country. I include an article
from the Catholic Herald Citizen cover-
ing this conference. I also include the
final statement which the conference
issued, "An Appeal to the Conscience
of America." Monsignor Kennedy has
said of this document that it "is not only
a stirring reminder of the 100th anni-
versary of the Emancipation Proclama-
tion, it Is a call to action":
RACIAL PREJUDICE IS AN INSULT To GOD; IT
MUST GO NOW. CONFERENCE STATES
CHICAGO. More than 700 representatives
of the Nation's major faiths met for 4 days
here last week In a National Conference on
Religion and Race. Because they agreed
unanimously that "racial discrimination and
segregation are an Insult to God.- they issued
"An Appeal to the Conscience of the Amer-
ican People."
Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, and, Jew-
ish clergymen confessed that their churches
had done little In focusing their peoples'
attention on the immorality of racial preju-
dice. Frequent references were made to the
possibilities that if the churches had spoken
out In a united voice more than 100 years
ago the Civil War might have been avoided.
The conference did more than lament the
failure of the churches and Issue a state-
ment. It decided to set up 10 pilot projects
to provide religious leadership In an attack
on racial bias on an interreligious basis.
These cities were selected on a regional basis:
Chicago, Detroit, New Orleans, Oakland, San
Francisco, St. Louis, San Antonio, Seattle,
and Pittsburgh. There Is a possibility that
other cities-Including Milwaukee, Wash-
ington, and New York-will undertake the
project at a later date.
The conference was convened by the social
action department of the National Catholic
Welfare Conference (Its chairman to Arch-
bishop Cousins); the Department of Racial
and Cultural Relations of the National Coun-
cil of Churches; and the Social Action Com-
misston of the Synagogue Council of Amer-
ica.
At the plenary session on Monday evening,
Cardinal Meyer was the Catholic spokesman
on the subject: "Interracial Justice and
Love: Challenge ' to a Religious America."
Archbishop Cousins was chairman of this
meeting. In addition to these members of
the American hierarchy, there were 2 more
archbishops and 19 bishops present. At the
various workshops and forums, they shared
the platform, with rabbis and ministers ,and
lay people from the 68 participating religious
groups.
More than one speaker from each of the
religious faiths commented publicly that the
conference was an outgrowth of the Ecu-
menical Council called by Pope John XXIII.
Archbishop Cousins said: "He has shown
us all the way to work together. In the past,
misgivings and misunderstandings have
hampered cooperative effort. Now, following
our Holy Father's example, we meet as
brethren In the fullest Christian sense."
AN APPEAL To Tim CONSCIENCE Or TUE
AMERICAN PEOPLE
We have met as members of the great
Jewish and Christian faiths held by the ma-
jority of the American people, to counsel to-
gether concerning the tragic fact of racial
prejudice, discrimination and segregation in
our society. Coming as we do out of various
religious backgrounds, each of us has more
to say than can be said here. But this state-
ment to what we as religious people are
moved to say together.
I
Racism is our most serious domestic evil.
We must eradicate It with -11 All' A
n
Our primary concern Is for the laws of
God. We, Americans of all religious faiths,
have been slow to recognize that racial dis-
crimination and segregation are an insult
to God, the Giver of human dignity and
human rights. Even worse, we all have par-
ticipated in perpetuating racial discrimina-
tion and segregation in civil, political, in-
dustrial, social, and private life. And worse
still, in our houses of worship, our religious
schools, hospitals, welfare institutions, and
fraternal organizations we have often failed
our own religious commitments. With few
exceptions we have evaded the mandates and
rejected the promises of the faiths we
represent.
We repent our failures and ask the forgive-
ness of God. We ask also the forgiveness of
.our brothers, whose rights we have Ignored
and whose dignity we have offended. We call
for a renewed religious conscience on this
basically moral evil.
a i
Our appeal to the American people is this:
Seek a reign of justice in which voting
rights and equal protection of the law will
everywhere be enjoyed; public facilities and
private ones serving a public purpose will be
accessible to all; equal education and cul-
tural opportunities, hiring and promotion,
medical and hospital care, open occupancy In
housing will be available to all.
Seek a reign of love in which the wounds
of past injustices will not be used as ex-
cuses for new ones; racial barriers will be
eliminated; the stranger will be sought and
welcomed; any m$n will be received as
brother-his rights, your rights; his pain,
your pain: his prison, your prison.
Seek a reign of courage in which the peo-
ple of God will make their faith their bind-
ing commitment; in which men willingly
suffer for justice and love; in which churches
and synagogues lead, not-follow.
Seek a reign of prayer in which God is
praised and worshiped as the Lord of the
universe, before whom all racial idols fall,
who makes us one family and to whom we
are all responsible.
In making this appeal we affirm our com-
mon religious commitment to the essential
dignity and equality of all men under God.
We dedicate ourselves to work together to
make this commitment a vital factor in our
total life.
We call upon all the American people to
work, to pray, and to act courageously in the
cause of human equality and dignity while
there is still time, to eliminate racism per-
manently and decisively, to seize the historic
opportunity the Lord has given us for heal-
ing an ancient rupture In the human fam-
ily, to do this for the glory of God.
ttoo the # Part 4: Let's Keep the Record Straight-
speed. For this purpose we appeal
consciences of the American people. A Selected Chronology of Cuba and
This evil has deep roots; it will not be
easily eradicated. While the Declaration of Castro, March 12, 1962-September 13,
Independence did declare "that all men are
created equal" and "are endowed by their
Creator with certain unalienable rights,"
slavery was permitted for almost a century.
Even after the Emancipation Proclamation,
compulsory racial segregation and its de-
grading badge of racial inequality received
judicial sanction until our own time.
We rejoice in such recent evidences of
greater wisdom and courage in our national
life as the Supreme Court decisions against
segregation and the heroic, nonviolent pro-
tests of thousands of Americans. However,
we mourn the fact that patterns of segrega-
tion remain entrenched everywhere-north
and south, east and west. The spirit and
the letter of our laws are mocked and
violated.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. DON L. SHORT
OF NORTH DAKOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, January 24, 1963
Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, I now offer
part 4 of my chronology of Cuba and
Castro, as my continuing effort to refresh
the memories of the Congress and of the
American people on the course of events
taking place between Cuba and the
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230032-2
 App - 32-2
SENDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM
App
0
ove F 1~a X04 06/ ~I F WNffBOO 83 0 0@'80 32-2
FORM.NO. 9 7 Use previous editions
(`UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP
TO
NAME AND ADDRESS
DATE
INITIALS
DCI 7D 5607
2
3
5
6
ACTION
DIRECT REPLY
PREPARE REPLY
APPROVAL
DISPATCH
RECOMMENDATION
COMMENT
FILE
RETURN
CONCURRENCE
INFORMATION
SIGNATURE
Remarks: Attached is an excerpt from the Congres-
sional Record containing the remarks of
Representative Short when he placed in the
Record Part 4 of a chronology on Cuba prepared
for him by the Library of Congress.!
Assistant Legislative Counsel
FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER
FROM: NAME, ADDRESS AND PHONE NO.
DATE
Assistant Legislative Counsel, 7D01
31 Jan 63