INTERIM REPORT ON MILITARY AND TECHNICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE PARTIAL TEST BAN TREATY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000100210003-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 12, 2004
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: January 1, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

1963
rally in Moscow, I am genuinely worried. ing the effects of high-altitude super-
For Khrushchev's proposals, which in- megaton explosions upon the posture of
elude a NATO-Warsaw Pact nonaggres- our retaliatory strategic missile forces.
sion agreement and the reduction of I am concerned about the direction in
military forces on both sides of the line which this treaty, as a vaguely defined
running through the heart of Germany, "first step," could lead us. Unfortu-
could, if adopted, weaken the West's nately, the factors that must be weighed
position in central Europe and lead to in our consideration of this treaty are
the neutralization of West Germany and not cut and dried. For this reason,
the dissolution of the western alliance, reaching a decision is difficult.
which is the primary objective of the The history of the relations between
Soviets in Europe. Developments since the United States and Soviet Russia,
dent in considering t
posed by the Soviets.
Russians. In fact, based upon the num-
hchev's con- ber of broken treaties and agreements
ception of the next steps:
about President Kennedy's
lead, as evidenced by our interest i
nonaggression pact suggestion.
refuse to look at the motivations of of r
countries. To do so would be to s rk
toward peace and reason and away from
war be taken in Laos, in Cuba, and in
Berlin? It was President Kennedy's ini-
now before us. Now it is Khrushchev's I ha
driving at upon the floor of the Senate caust?
yesterday in a colloquy with the distin- Russia
passed the psychological moment when
we can demand a quid pro quo; and that
en' only, which has
yea Xs. It is illogical
dustrially coming up out of the miocene
ooze, compared with Russia's present
awal likely to be able to do so in the next 10
American people or to Congress itself.
Communists If this is true, then-to paraphrase
toward peace and r ason and away from pause. Against this eventuality, we have
war, they can si ify their good inten- been given assurances by the Secretary
tions by disma ling the wall. of State, the Secretary of Defense, the
. Mr. Presid t, I have discussed some President, and many others high in au-
of the facto s that I. am weighing as i thority. If this be just one more attempt
consider the test ban treaty. I am struck at "gimmick" government, government
by the apparent haste in which it was by press agentry, adulation of the Ken-
concluded. I -am deeply troubled by the nedy personality cult, an election elixir,
possible gaps in our knowledge concern- then this will indeed be the sorriest day
00100210003-7
Approved For ~,gVah g I t: kJ~ffiff5BgPP
for America. But we have no : ight to
assume that these men do ptt act in
good faith, or that they h e withheld
material facts from the ogle or the
Congress. In fact, they ave given us
every assurance that th have not done
Despite the sole warnings of the
President and all others involved in
drafting this tre the immediate re
action, as exhibi d by my own mail and
by the mail of ost of the Members of
Congress, is t at the treaty will result in
a nuclear pia, that the specter of
nuclear w is gone, and that world dis-
armame is around the corner. The
reactio shown by most of the nations
in the orld, particularly those in south-
east ia, Africa, and Latin America, has
bee substantially the same. Last year,
as a congressional delegate for the
representatives of these countries had
about the nuclear race. In some cases,
the concern was almost hysterical. As
a result, Mr. President, today we find
that even before the treaty was reported
by the chairman of the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee, 86 nations had scamp-
ered like wildlife before a forest fire to
place their names on the treaty.
I must pay tribute particularly to the
distinguished chairman of the Foreign
Relations Committee [Mr. FULBRIGHT],
who so promptly held full committee
hearings upon this matter.
Not to approve the treaty, therefore,
would be to douse all the hopes of those
nations-illogical though their hopes
may be, in light of the treaty itself-
and to say to them-figuratively, not lit-
erally-that we are not interested in the
cessation of nuclear tests or in stopping
the saturation of the earth's atmosphere
with radioactive fallout. It seems to me
this is a price we can ill afford to pay, if
we are to retain the confidence of the
world in our moral leadership. No one
should ever have written a treaty which
permitted such a stampede, before the
United States had an opportunity to con- -
sider, on the merits of the treaty itself,
rather than on the merits of interna-
tional press agentry, the treaty as an
effective basis for the control of nuclear
sts.
But we are called upon to make a deci-
si' , Mr. President; and decision means
ch 'ce. While I feel, to a degree at least,
tha this Nation has been blackjacked
into proval of this treaty, failure to ap-
prove t could destroy our already fast-
dimini ing claim to the moral leader
ship of e world. The Berlin wall, the
two Cub n escapades, Laos, and now
South vie am, have tarnished our claim
to that lea rship; and I believe we can-
not now do therwise than approve this
treaty. If, b ed upon a preponderance
of evidence wh h would sway intelligent
and reasonable minds, there were a
clear-cut reason by we should not ap-
prove it, then-e n though we would
thus dash the hopes every other nation
on earth-I would n )3t vote to approve
the treaty. But in the 'absence of such a
preponderance of evidence, I shall reluc-
tantly vote in favor of approval of the
treaty, unless facts which may appear
subsequently supply a weight of evidence
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE September 6
which clearly shows,the treaty to be con-
trary to our national safety.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. MORSE obtained the floor.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Oregon yield, provided
it is understood that in doing so, he will
not lose his right to the floor?
Mr. MORSE. Certainly.
EXECUTIVE SESSION
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
move that the Senate proceed to the con-
sideration of executive business, to con-
sider Executive M, 88th Congress, 1st
session.
The motion was agreed to; and the
Senate, as in Committee of the Whole,
proceeded to the consideration of Execu-
tive M, 88th Congress, 1st session, the
nuclear test ban treaty, which had been
reported favorably by Mr. FULBRIGHT
from the Committee on Foreign Rela-
tions, and which was read the second
time, as follows:
TREATY BANNING NUCLEAR WEAPON TESTS IN
THE ATMOSPHERE, IN OUTER SPACE AND
UNDERWATER
The Governments of the United States of
America, the United Kingdom of Great Brit-
ain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics, hereinafter re-
ferred to as the "Original Parties",
Proclaiming as their principal aim the
speediest possible achievement of an agree-
ment on general and complete disarmament
under strict international control in accord-
ance with the objectives of the United Na-
tions which would put an end to the arma-
ments race and eliminate the incentive to
the production and testing of all kinds of
weapons, including nuclear weapons,
Seeking to achieve the discontinuance of
all test explosions of nuclear weapons for
all time, determined to continue negotiations
to this end, and desiring to put an end to the
contamination of man's environment by
radioactive substances,
Have agreed as follows:
ARTICLE I
1. Each of the Parties to this Treaty under-
takes to prohibit, to prevent, and not to
carry out any nuclear weapon test explo-
sion, or any other nuclear explosion, at any
place under its jurisdiction or control:
(a) in the atmosphere; beyond its limits,
including outer space; or underwater, includ-
ing territorial waters or high seas; or
(b) in any other environment 1$ such ex-
plosion causes radioactive debris to be pres-
ent outside the territorial limits of the State
under whose jurisdiction or control such ex-
plosion is conducted. It is understood in this
connection that the provisions of this sub-
paragraph are without prejudice to the con-
clusion of a treaty resulting in the perma-
nent banning of all nuclear test explosions,
including all such explosions underground,
the conclusion of which, as the Parties have
stated in the Preamble to this Treaty,-they
seek to achieve.
2. Each of the Parties to this Treaty un-
dertakes furthermore to refrain from caus-
ing, encouraging, or in any way participating
in, the carrying out of any nuclear weapon
test explosion, or any other nuclear explo-
sion, anywhere which would take place in
any of the environments described, or have
the effect referred to, in paragraph i of this
Article.
ARTICLE II
1. Any Party may propose amendments to
this Treaty. The text of any proposed
amendment shall be submitted to the De-
positary Governments which shall circulate
it to all Parties to this Treaty. Thereafter,
if requested to do so by' one-third or more
of the Parties, the Depositary Governments
shall convene a conference, to which they
shall invite all the Parties, to consider such
amendment.
2. Any amendment to this Treaty must be
approved by a majority of the votes of all
the Par ties to this Treaty,' including the votes
of all of the Original Parties. The amend-
ment shall enter into force for all Parties
upon the deposit of instruments of ratifi-
cation by a majority of all the Parties, In-
cluding the Instruments of ratification of all
of the Original Parties.
ARTICLE III
1. This Treaty shall be open to all States
for signature. Any State which does not
sign this Treaty before its entry into force
in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Ar-'
ticle may accede to it at any time.
2. This Treaty shall be subject to ratifi-
cation by signatory States. Instruments of
ratification and instruments of accession
shall be deposited with the Governments of
the Original Parties-the United States of
America, the United Kingdom of Great Brit-
ain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics--which are here-
by designated the Depositary Governments. .
3. This Treaty shall enter into force after
its ratification by all the Original Parties
and the deposit of their instruments of ratifi-
cation.
4. For States whose instruments of ratifi-
cation or accession are deposited subsequent
to the entry into force of this Treaty, It shall
enter into force on the date of the deposit
of their instruments of ratification or acces-
sion.
5. The Depositary governments shall
promptly inform all signatory and acceding
States of the date of each signature, the date
of deposit of each instrurherit of ratification
of and accession to this Treaty, the date of
its entry Into force, and the ,date of receipt
of-any requests for conferences or other no-
tices.
6. This Treaty shall be registered by the
Depositary Governments pursuant to Article
102 of the Charter of the United Nations.
ARTICLE IV
This 'Treaty shall be df unlimited dura.
tion.
Each Party shall in exercising its national
sovereignty have the right to withdraw from
the Treaty if it decides that extraordinary
events, related to the subject matter of this
Treaty, have jeopardized, the supreme in-
terests of its country. It shall give notice
of such withdrawal to all other Parties to
the Treaty three months in advance,
ARTICLE
This Treaty, of which the English and
Russian texts are equally authentic, Shall
be deposited in the archives of the Depositary
Governments. Duly certified copies of this
Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary
Governments to the Governments of the
signatory and acceding States.
IN W FI'NESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly
authorized, have signed this Treaty.
DONE in triplicate at the city of Mos-
cow the fifth day of August, one thousand
nine hundred and sixty-three.
For the Government of the United States
of America:
DEAN RUSE:
For the Government o{ the United K:ing-
dom of Great Britain and Northern Ire-
land:
HOME
For the Governlnent of the Union of So-
viet Socialist Republics:
A. GROMYKO
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, the
treaty will be the pending business vuhen
the Senate convenes on Monday.
ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT TO
MONDAY
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, 7:
ask unanimous consent that when the
Senate concludes its business today, it
adjourn until noon on Monday next.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, l:
thank the Senator from Oregon for his
courtesy in yielding.
Mr. MORSE. I have been glad to
yield.
INTERIM REPORT ON MILITARY
AND TECHNICAL IMPISCATIONS
OF THE PARTIAL TEST BAN
TREATY
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will the,
Senator from Oregon yield briefly to me?
Mr. MORSE. I am glad to yield to the
Senator from Mississippi.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, as the
Senate knows, the Preparedness Investi-
gating Subcommittee, of which I am
privileged to be chairman, has been con-
ducting extensive and exhaustive bear-
ings on nuclear test ban matters since
September 1962. During recent weeks
the hearings have focused upon the mili-
tary and technical implications of the
pending treaty which would bar nuclear
testing in the atmosphere, in space, and
underwater. An earnest, determined,
and conscientious effort has been made
to develop all of the facts from qualified
military and scientific people, and to ar??
rive at solid answers to the many com-
plex, troublesome, and difficult questions
which are involved.
During the past week, I have received
numerous inquiries as to the status of our
hearings, with particular emphasis upon
the question of whether the subcommit-
tee proposes to issue a report and, if so,
when. Another subject of inquiry has
been the matter of the printing and pub--
lie release of the transcripts of the hear-
ings. I believe it is proper and fitting for
me to advise the Senate and the public
of the status of these matters.
The subcommittee plans to issue an
interim report dealing specifically with
the military and technical implications
of the partial test ban and the impact
which the treaty, if approved, would
have upon our present and future mili-
tary striking power. This report is now
in the process of preparation, and it is
hoped that it will be available for release
early next week.
With respect to the printing of the
transcripts, let me point out, that the
sensitive matters involved in our hear-
ings made it mandatory that the testi-
mony be received in executive session.
We have made every effort to abide by
all applicable security requirements and
regulations. Therefore, before the testi-
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D5
1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
mony can be printed, it is necessary that been reassuring to me. On the contrary, witnesses before it had been submitted
the typewritten transcripts be gone over the evidence before the subcommittee to the full Armed Services committee.
thoroughly in order to delete therefrom has given me, as an individual Senator, The senator from New Jersey states
all sensitive information which, if made cause for great concern and alarm about that the report was "more the work of thy public, might be of value to a potential the security implications of the proposed Timott is not co , assistant
Mr. May did work
enemy. Subject only to this, we will treaty.
make the testimony public to the great- In short, based upon a long and serious on the report, as did many others, but
est extent possible. study and assessment of the testimony every word of said report was first ap-
We are today releasing the testimony which has been presented to us-and I proved by the chief counsel of the sub-
of General Power, which has been did not make any conclusion on that committee, Mr. R. C. Coburn, prior to its
cleared for security. point until all of the testimony was in submission to me and my subsequent
Although the subcommittee staff has just a few days ago-I have come to the submission to the subcommittee.
been working diligently to get the tran- conclusion that the net military disad- The Senator from New Jersey is quoted
scripts ready for printing, the magnitude vantages to the United States which are as asserting Mr. May was formerly a
of the problem now makes it clear it will inherent in the proposed treaty are so member of the White House staff.
be impossible to print them prior to the serious and formidable as to raise very Mr. President, I do not see why that
conclusion of the debate upon the test serious questions as to the effect of the is particularly pertinent especially if Mr.
ban treaty. However, copies of the tran- treaty upon our national security, safety May possessed information or experience
scripts, in their classified form, are avail- and survival. Considering the treaty which would help the chief counsel and
able in the office of the subcommittee comprehensively I have found nothing the subcommittee get the facts; but in
and can be there examined by any Sena- in it which counterbalances this factor any case it is also an incorrect statement.
tor upon request. to the extent that I can say that the Mr. May was not a member of the
Mr. President, a great deal of effort military risks which are inherent in the White House staff at the time he was
has been made to get those records treaty are, n balance, acceptable. In employed and thad never been a he counsel of the subcom-
cleared o-
cleared for security in time to be printed, fact, the contrary is true. mittee, but it is quite a long process, even after My concern in this matter is to do all the White House staff. He had been a
we get the transcript back with the de- that I can to insure that our vital in- consultant to the Director of the office
thwas
letions, to put it in shape to go to the terests are protected and that our capac- - office Emergency Planning. p Since that
printer. ity to defend ourselves against an ag-
I would now like to make a few re- gressor are not degraded. - Since I have logical for Mr. Coburn to want his serv-
marks about the proposed nuclear test reached the conclusion that unaccept- ices.
ban as an individual Senator. I preface able military and security risks are in- When the report was originally sub-
these remarks with the statement that volved in the proposed treaty and that mitted some members thought it was
on these points I speak only for myself. it is not in the national self-interest, I too long.
On May 28, 1963, I took the floor of shall have no alternative but to cast Investigating these contracts was a
the Senate and addressed myself to Sen- vote again ' ' i ra i ca ioxl. a a ter very complicated accounting effort. It
ate Resolution 148 which had then just date snail cuss detail the reasons was understandable that after a year's
been introduced by the distinguished and facts which have impelled me to hearing
in any a long man efforldto as o ord
r;
Senator from Connecticut [Mr. DODD] take this stand. but and others. As will be recalled, this I thank the Senator from Oregon date those long, t isubcommittee w reworked felt
being
resolution proposed that the Senate go again for his courtesy. it was.too
on record as supporting a renewed offer Mr. MORSE. It is mq pleasure to co- by counsel in the hope it will be satis-ommitt by the United States to the Soviet Union operate with the Senator from Missis- facrrySt pater f cm NeweJersey is re-
of an agreement banning all tests that sippi. The contaminate the atmosphere or the Mr. President, with the understand- ported as stating that the inquiry was
ocean and, in. the event of the rejection ing that I do not lose my right to the "limited to a partial examination of the
of such offer, that we commit ourselves floor, I yield to the Senator from Mis- herding of ap ewo metals d administrauringion the
unilaterally to a moratorium on such souri [Mr. SYMINGTON]. p of the t."
testing. Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I That also is not correct.
I then pointed out that the question appreciate the courtesy of the distin- Many contracts investigated were
of banning nuclear testing in the atmos- guished Senator from Oregon. signed in both previous administrations,
and also in the current administration,
phere ation iandlves seriousimately security related ed to o the tee in many cases either after critical pub-
THE STOCKPILE INQUIRY lished reports or investigation by the
o
pr
problem of national survival.
Some of the questions which I then Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I coGeneral ntract was investigated ;and evre-
said must be asked and answered before have before me an article which ap-
the necessary assurance could be ac- peared in the press with respect to some quested by any member of the subcom-
quired were: remarks apparently written by the sen- mittee or Member of the Senate.
Are atmospheric nuclear tests required for Senator from New Jersey [Mr. CASE]. The Senator is reported as saying, that
to provide our Nation with an effective I have not seen what he said, but I have he is "not interested in covering up or
defense against Soviet intercontinental the article in my hand. Based upon that accusing anyone." I am glad to know
ballistic missiles? newspaper article, I desire to make a that.
Are atmospheric nuclear tests required statement this afternoon with respect to Perhaps the reason for much of the fro to provide our Nation with a certain the subject the Senator from New Jersey Nabove ew Jersey tthe ft that h was n t apps the Sel nator
the sum
capability of penetrating a Soviet mis- brought up.
sile defense employing nuclear war- A newspaper story today states that committee until March 26, 1963, many
heads? the Senator from New Jersey said in con- weeks after the hearings were completed;
Are atmospheric nuclear tests required ' nection with the pending report on the and therefore the Senator from New
to assure the survival of our offensive stockpile that I had refused "to let the Jersey did not participate, at any time,
missile systems after a surprise enemy men accused in the report submit their in any of the hearings.
nuclear attack? defense with the release of the findings." The report is based on the record of
Since my floor statement of May 28, The Senator from New Jersey did re- the hearings. The Senate and the peo-
1963, these and other questions have quest that the proposed report of the ple are entitled to a summary of the
been explored in depth and detail by the subcommittee be first submitted to those findings. That is the duty of the sub-
Preparedness Investigating Subcommit- witnesses to whom he wanted to show it; committee and I intend to see that that
tee. We, have had before us many of but I found, to the best of my knowledge, duty is carried out.
the most knowledgeable people in the that any such action would be without Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the
country upon the military and techni- precedent; and I also felt that it would Senator yield?
cal aspects of the problem. The infor- be improper to submit a subcommittee Mr. SYMINGTON. I yield to my able
mation which we have obtained has not report of this character to any of the friend from Oregon.
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CONGRESSIONAL I.ECORD --SENATE September 6
Mr. MORSE. There is one thing about - ing such an investigation. I wished to
the statement made by the Senator from make this statement' before I asked the
Missouri this afternoon which disturbs Senator for a reply with respect to two
the senior Senator from Oregon, if it is questions.
correctly understood, The Senator said, First, can the Senator give me assur-
I believe, that the committee is now at ance that he is not so cutting down the
work cutting down the length of the report that I, along with other Senators,
report. I hope this, does not mean that will thereby be denied information to
the Senate will be denied any informa- which all Senators are entitled?
tion it should have in regard to this in- Second, is it not true that all of the
vestigation, because in my judgment the witnesses who may be involved in any
Senate is entitled to all the information. charges or criticism in the report-
I have not participated in any way in which I have not seen--testified or had
the discussion of this investigation over the opportunity to make whatever state-
the many months during which it has meats they wished to' make in their own
been going on. defense?
The Senator from Missouri knows that Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, I
there is an operation i
t
St
t
n
he
a
e of thank the distinguished senior Senator
Oregon involving a nickel mine and plant from Oregon for his considerate re-
which, in newspaper stories, at least, has marks with respect to efforts made in
been involved in the investigation to var- this regard. The Senator from Oregon
ious degrees. I have received many in- is not; only a great Senator, but also an
quiries about it. My answer has. been articulate former dean of a law school.
uniform. I propose to wait until all the Therefore, when he emphasizes the im-
record is in and the committee has com- portance of making a complete record
pleted its hearings and made its full he does it from a background equaled
re
t
por
. by few if any Members of this body.
I sincerely hope the chairman of the
The hearings were quite long. Be,
committee is not in a position in which, cause the records prior to these hearings
for any reason whatsoever, he has to had always been classified so the infor-
delete from the report information mation was kept from the Americanpeo-
which, in his original judgment, the Sen- ple, and because there was so much
ate I. -+W. A t
e o
ciprocate with respect to any problem
he presented to the Senate. I assure
him that I have taken on this obligation
as a Senator from Missouri, to give to the
Senate the facts based on the record we
have compiled.
Mr. MORSE. I want to say to the
Senator from Missouri that his replies to
my questions satisfy me, and if after
reading the record I feel it is desirable
for me to check the records of the com-
mittee, it is my understanding that any
Member of the Senate has access to those
records, subject to the same rules of
restriction that,,are imposed upon mem-
bers of the sulommittee.
Mr. SYMI GTON. The Senator from
Oregon is rrect. The hearings them-
selves artg now printed and a matter of
record. We are working on legislation,
the legislation. We hope to present both
a report and legislation to the Senate at
an early time.
APPOINTMENT OF PUBLIC ME1Vl-
BERS OF RAILROAD ARBITRA-
TION BOARD
receve. money involved-specifically sonle $9 bil- Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, before
As one Senator who has the kind of in- lion-=the work could not have been done I turn to the two subject matters I rise
terest in the matter I have outlined, I without extensive aceounting'research. to speak about, I want to extend to the
wish to be sure that I have all the infor- I am glad to report to the able Senator President of the United States my en-
mation, so that when I reach my evalu- from Oregon, and to the Senate that we thusiastic compliments and sincere con-
ation of the report and reply to my con- had the fullest cooperation from the gratulations for the appointment of very
stituents I shall know I have a full rec- Com.ptroller' General of the United able public members of the arbitration
ord. States, an Eisenhower appointee, and his
I am also aware--and I have a little staff. Because of the tremendous board a ding railroad the two main T, were
sense of humor about this-that there is amount of detail involved, the hearings referred r t th rail dispute tha t weal
always a desire in the Senate to be brief, would not have been possible without to the board by congressional
but I have observed after 19 years here such, cooperation. legislation.
that sometimes the desire to be brief is The record of the hearings goes to The chairman of the le lawyer Mr.
motivated by the desire to cover up. I some 4,000 pages. Any report, along with Ralph Seward, a very able lawyer and
would much prefer to speak at length suggested legislationean only be of value field arbitrator of labor a a great rbitratio n on in the incthe in the
and to write at length, satisfied that by when it truly portray, the various con- United
so doing I was making a complete record. ditions and facts with regard to the States.
I hope that we shall not get such a various contracts in gtle#ion; therefore, When I was a member of the War
brevity-stricken report that we shall not the report was relatively 16ng. Labor Board, he was one of our top
be able to present to our constituents I have not had the type &nd character counsel. We assigned him many times
all the information we should be able to of experience which the able Senator to the arbitration of cases during the
present in our final evaluation of the from Oregon has had, so I left it up to war, and in each case he performed out-
Senator's work. the :subcommittee's chief counsel, one of standing service. After I left the Board
I wish to say something about the the.most able and prominent lawyers in to run for the Senate, he for a time, as I
Senator's work, based upon my great re- t s country, recall, was a member of the Board.
spect for and unlimited confidence in a saying the him, oSee. if you Another member of the board, Prof.
him. As the Senator knows, although can reduce the size of the report without
affecting the record of the presentation James J. Healy, of Harvard University,
I have not in any way participated in 'to the Senate." He said, "I will do my was one of my associates on the special
the conferences in regard to this investi- best to that end," and that is what is commission appointed by President Ken-
gation, from the very beginning I have going on at the present time. nedy earlier this year to try to settle the
had complete confidence in the integ- Tm -I- +,. +,,e --A
b1i
ed
ru
"
~Gi '?? Senator from Oregon, there was no wit- ' and the gulf coast tied up tighter than
purpose of the Senator from Missouri in nessabefore the subcommittee who did not ,`a d ? Professor Healy is undoubted-17 conducting the investigation. So. far as have an opportunity to testify complete- one of the two or three top author hies
I am concerned, as is true of all such ly with respect to a contract in question. in this country on the economic prob-
matters, the issue is nonpartisan when All the witnesses testified under oath. lems involved in labor relation contracts,
we are dealing with the public inter- Because there were discrepancies in the particularly in respect to welfare funds,
est. It makes no difference to me, when sworn testimony of members of the Gen- pensions, health benefit funds, and job
alleged irregularities arise in an admin- eral Accounting Office team, the General security problems.
instration of this Government, whether Services Administration representatives I hadan opportunity to work day and
it be under a Democratic or Republican before the committee from the Office of night with Professor Healy during the
administration. The senior Senator Emergency Planning and representatives time we sought to settle the dock strike..
from Oregon has always insisted, and of certain companies, it was necessary As I said earlier this year, about him and.
will continue to insist, that there be the that further work be done in an effort the other member of that the special.
most thorough investigation in the pub- to get the facts. panel, Ted Kheel, of New York, I could.
lie interest. I again thank my colleague from Ore- not have had assigned to me two more
I have been confident that the Sen- gon for his kind remarks about my ap- able colleagues. I am delighted to know
ator from Missouri has been conduct- proach to this problem, and I would re- President Kennedy has appointed Pro
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older than Sir Francis Bacon In the 16th after the first great legislature in 1913, the sonnel" of President Ngo Dinh Diem's re-
century, who is credited with being its father absentee interests took over; their purpose gime, so the Government can regain popular
and which was, developed haltingly through and policy was to take out of Alaska as support of the Vietnamese people.
the great pioneers in science such as Coper- much as possible and to leave as little as Secondly, Mr. Kennedy declared it would
nicus, Galileo, Newton, and in the last cen- they could. Indeed for the 92 years before be a "great mistake" to withdraw United
tury by such immortals as. Darwin and Pas- statehood much was taken out and little put States aid from the Vietnam struggle against
teur. But it is really only in our own time back by the political and economic forces Communist marauders from the north.
that the fields o,Z science have broadened that ruled Alaska from afar through their The President is right on both counts.
both eetepslveiiy and intensively, indeed ex- locally installed henchmen. Ngo Diem has apparently lost touch with
pooded and brought forth such a plethora of The Congress, where Alaska was for 53 his people since last May when Government
new-found leads, insights, trails, and dis- years before statehood represented by only troops and police broke up a demonstration
coveries that today the, greatest of all fron- a voteless delegate in the House of Repre- in the city of Hue, where Buddhists wanted
tiers-research in science-beckons invit- sentatives was likewise wholly indifferent to- to fly their flag in a religious ceremony.
ingly to the continued exploration and ward Alaska, when it was not downright dis- Eight Buddhists were slain, 14 wounded.
penetration of the mysteries of the cosmos. criminatory. It withheld from the University Things have since gone from bad to worse,
The forest laboratories are a part of, this of Alaska funds that were its due as a land- with charges of Buddhist persecution and
great surge to turn new light onto man's grant college. It arbitrarily deprived the discrimination, culminating in raids on Bud-
age-old natural Inheritance. national forests of Alaska of some $7 mil- dhist pagodas by the military.
There is also a local time factor that is lion to which they were entitled-not as .Yet it would be folly now for America
pertinent. When Rampart Canyon Dam is an economy measure-but distributed these to haul out of Vietnam, with our forces of
authorized in the near future it will be nec- funds among other States having national more than 14,000 and our billions in military
essary within the next decade or two to forests, and votes, and while Alaska's na- assistance.
assess and start utilizing the considerable tional forests, the Tongass and the Chugach, That would simply leave Vietnam a beckon-
timber stands in the 11,000-square-mile were established here long before statehood ing vacuum for the Vietcong and powor-
area that will be flooded by the reservoir owing to the pioneering vision of Gifford hungry Red China.
back of the dam. Here an almost imme- Pinchot, appropriations for their needs were Though the President did not spell out
diate high priority assignment awaits the kept at niggardly minimums. In fact I make Vietnam in
foresters articularl charged with the re- so bold as to say that this facility we are known policy precise language, it is
Saigon
sponsibility for Alaska's arctic and sub- dedicating today would not have come as dent ent Diem the may y recoup p an believes Saigon
long as Alaska remained a territor effe
arctic. There will be need of the practical y rule, if he can free himself of his effective
is owerful
application on a microscopic scale of much So you, who will participate in the work, p
that will have been learned here in the lab- the research, the functioning of this Forestry mbrother, Ngo powerful Dinh wife, and Nhu'. officious,
Sciences Laboratory are enlisted in a great more
These e two , characters, , brilliant, Madame bri Nnoratory. The funds expended on research despotic,
will be returned manifold into our State's adventure, an adventure to which time and and controlling the secret police, are prob-
and Nation's economy. (I would .speak of place beckon. I congratulate you. You will ably at the bottom of Buddhist oppression.
the happy coincidence of the laboratory's be working in congenial company; in an President Diem, denies establishment on the campus of the Univer- environment of scholarship and high pur- a Catholic, denies any re-
establishment discrimination. But the conduct of
sity of Alaska with the prospect of their pose. I wish you and the Laboratory which his brother and sister-in-law has caused a
close association in fields of common enter- will be your workshop a creative, successful bitter division among the people. This must
prise and concern. Research and teachin and happy future. You will be helping ping to be halted, the ugly breach spanned by new,
are closely related and I am ho build your national Forest Service, our uni-
y Peful that the moderate, and equitable hope
interplay of these endeavors will become versity, our State and our Nation and con- Mr. Kennedy obviously hopes Diem can
even more meaningful and more fruitful, tibuting to the knowledge that mankind
) needs for its steady advance. shuck his brother and Madame Nhu from
A university-especially here where it is Government t and form a competent, popular
the State university-can and should embody regime.
and exalt the spirit of the State. It can THE PRESIDENT'S SOTTNII 1rTF.TM _ Diem is still highly respected in South
munity's inspiration, guidance, and leader- 1 POLICY form 70 percent of the population. Diem's
ship. Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President, Vice President, more than half the Cabinet
The University of Alaska is destined to yesterday morning Assistant Secretary of ministers, the commander of the armed
become not only a great center of research State Hilsman briefed the Senate For- forces, and most of his senior generals are
for all matters pertaining to the Arctic and eign Relations Committee with respect to Buddhists During
subarctic but the only American institution the growing problems incident to current ministration, nheP es dente Diemsestabishedda
of higher learning qualified by its location
.
in the subarctic and on the edge of the operations in South Vietnam. government, a national assembly, and con-
arctic tg parry out successfully that tre- Last Wednesday an editorial in the St. stitution which were really working until
mendous assignment-an assignment which Louis Globe-Democrat commended the recently. He built roads, new schools, inau-
is important to the Nation and indeed to the policies of this administration with re- gurated land reforms, and created the Viet-
whole work 1. For the world's population spect to that country, and because I be- nam army, equipped by the United States.
economy .
Increases It is inevitable that the hitherto liave in most if not all of the conclusions had built the he built thwas country beginning from to fr virttuals c He
sparsely inhabited regions of the earth will y ual haoh
be invadecl by man and settled. Research of this editorial, I ask " ask Kennedy's Vietnam. 1 million immigrants from North
Into the. environment and, .ecology of this Sound Vietnam Policy," olicy, unani- ni Vietnam.
hitherto little studied region will facilitate mous consent that it be inserted at this His ability and capacity, which seem ruth-
that settlement and adaptation to this point in the RECORD, lessly undercut by a scheming brother and
environment. There being no objection, the editorial the ambitious Madame Nhu, could still be
There lsstill anQther time factor that is was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, directed toward binding up the wounds of This pertinent. 'Alaska has just recently become . as follows: Ms moiled ytsee. to promote. 'Ty rs what
a State--a scant 41/s years ago. It has in- Ms h Kennedy seeks to promote. There is no
herited needs and problems from Its 92-year , KENNEDY'S SOUND VIETNAM POLICY other leader available.
colonial status. Here at the university with The President has tackled the tough, Sabra- But to function in the patriotic interests
the heartening visible evidences of its dy- sive problem in South Vietnam with good of his country and stave off the Communist
the h growth is a cble evi enc s ofaIt dy judgment and candor. aggression, Diem must be liberated from the
It has, provided a great thrill for those of us Unless there is an end to the autocratic activities of brother and sister-in-law, whose
who sensgdthe importance and need of this influence some members of the Nhu family marplot designs, abetted by Communist sub-
State.University 'and saw it suffer under the exert at Saigon, the guerrilla war against the . version in Saigon, have all but destroyed
financial difficulties against which Dr. Bun- China-backed Red Vietcong can never be Diem and his original programs.
nell struggled so-gallantly-Dr, Bunnell, the won. Unless bayoneted violence against For these reasons we are convinced the
Buddhi
fir
t
t
t
s
e
t
s
s s
s
pre
id
n
ops, Vietnam will be lost.
and Its president for 25 years,
without whose dedicated and det5r years That would mean the United States great
exist today. The changed attitude toward neath quicksands of the little nation's President Kennedy and veteran Ambassa-
the University .of Alaska shown by the wretched and stupid crisis. der Lodge have a hard, Red row in Vietnam.
Alaska State Le islaturs-the really impor- a MoohPi`mportant~~ hwou~d mean America The President's approach seems realistic and
-
th gunner encroachment of Asian Communists, {~=
e university's funds-is a gratifying by- driving to gobble all of southeast Asia. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-
product of statehood, In his statement Monday, Mr. Kennedy pore. Is there any further morning busi-
I regret to recall that in territorial days called for a change in policies, "perhaps per- tress? If not, morning business is closed.
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15588 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE September 6
AMENDMENT OF THE MANPOWER that the Senate can consider the bill as eight applicants were rejected fer Zany
DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING it came from the committee. trainee accepted in the program. ,ivlany
ACT OF 1962 Mr. JAVITS. It is understood, Mr. of them were rejected because they could
I President, that the amendments will. be neither read nor write, or ha 'lio knowl-
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, incorporated as original text? edge of elementary mathentics, princi-
ask unanimous onsent that the unfln- I have amendments to offer, and other pally arithmetic.
ished business be luld before the Senate. Senators have amendments. In other words, they XFfd not even have
The ACTING PR IDENT pro tem- Mr. CLARK. That is correct. knowledge of the th a R's, and yet, in
DING OFFICER. With-
committee amend-
--The LEGISLATIVE CLK. A bill (S? out objection,
to en bloc; and the bill,
1831) to amend the Man ower Develop- ments are agreed
d, will kle considered as
or the purpose of amend-
Mr. President, I yield
me as I f riay need on the
V There being no objection, th Senate myself such ti
1831) to amend the Manpower De lop- S. 1831 is
a companion measure to
was passed by the Senate
ment and Training Act of 1962. S. 1716, which
y of this week. Both bills
The ACTING PRESIDENT pro t on Wednesda
mendmer>ts to the Man-
pore. Under the order of yesterday, - incorporate a
and Training Act of
Chair lays before the Senate the bill ( power Development
Both bills are m
--
-
inert
--
-
- --
he upgrading of the 1 or
spect to which there is a limitation of tones in t
;age of June 19 Pr ident
e certain ~tecomme ations
passage of the bill. KenA ly mad
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask "desiii.ed to i
opportunities o he econ-
unanimous consent that I may suggest and economic
and contented,
the absence of a quorum without the time nomicalrX distressed
____---._. f
th
.....,.n,m call being'
alik
'
or
e
e
lro
reco me
hears none, and it is so ordered. The authorization
order to be st on attendant today,
one has to be a gas e a
e to handle a charge
o be able to write out
account; he h t
able to add and sub-
a bill; he has be
to be able to do a little
tract; he al has
on. A taxi driver has
simple mu lplicati
d road signs and his
to be ab to rea
e able to make change,
meter. e has to b
unemployed are un-
But 3 ,000 of our
an these elementary acts;:
able o perform these are the
hard core of the un-
to ed.
e
p y
In addition to teaching the three R's
under this bill, there would be trainin?;
in how to use basic. tools common to
many occupations.
An interesting bit of testimony was
that of Secretary of Labor Wirtz, who
told the committee of an instance in
which 500 women were interviewed re-
cently in one public employment office
before 30 were found to fill a class in
practical nursing. In order to line up 20
trainees for hotel and restaurant cooks?
amendments 287 persons had to be interviewed. Many
power De elopment and of those rejected were rejected because
,"not on to increase the they could not read the simple instruc-,
iling d to postpone the tions needed to carry on the occupation;
to matching require- others because they could not do the
- eeping with the rec- simple exercises in writing necessary to
he !,President's Com- fulfill their job; still others because, as
ployment-to lower I have said, they could not add, subtract,
ing Ilowances from 19 or divide.
e fun or literacy train- Under normal circumstances, those
nit the vment of a high- who will receive literacy training under
o The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the ments, but als
myself such time as I may require, under progra
mittee amendment, which will be stated
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 2,
line 11, after the word "following", It is
And insert:
Provided, That no training allowa ce shall
be paid to any individual who I. u. er nine-
teen years of age and hasnot been aduated
from high school unless the SeG tart' shall
have satisfied himself that suc individual
has continuously failed to tend school
classes for a period of not le than three
months during the regular cbool- session,
and that all appropriate pro dures(includ-
Mr. CLARK. Mr.' President, I ask
unanimous consent that the, committee
know what the Senate is doing?
Mr. CLARK. I have asked to incor-
porate the committee amendments, so
to out-of- h 1 youths, with' ordinary occupational training in a man-
to assure stlat o one drops power development and training course,
hoof to takedva Cage of this but were rejected, because they could not
read, write, or figure.
31 incorporates each of ese pro- It is important that the intent of the
ls., literacy training program should not be
rst, it provides for training _ read- confused with the normal instruction we
i writing, and aritllnletic, as ll as expect of our educational system. We
anal training in the use of too l for are speaking, by and large, of teaching
hose of the unemployed who are un le older heads of households who must have
to take occupational training courses b some source of income while they learn
cause they lack these 4kills. the basic educational skills essential to
Second, It provides' for expansion of obtain employment. We are talking for
the youth training program by lowering e most part about the 45-year-old un-
the age limit for youth training allow- a ployed coal miner and those who
antes from 19 to 16. sh a his lot. The statistics on illiteracy
Third, it Increase s the percentage of amo g our unemployed reflect this: In
funds available for the youth training Marc 1962, about only 4 out of 10 of
program from 5 percent of the estimated works 45 to 64 years of age had com-
total training allowances to 15 percent. pleted h Ili school, compared to 6 out of
The bill authorizes additional annual 10 of tho 35 to 44, and almost 7 out of
appropriations of $100 million for the 10 of thos 18 to 44.
fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, and a While the ill, for the sake of flexibil-
like amount for the fiscal year ending sty, permits teracy courses to run for
June 30, 1965, in order to meet the cost as long as 52 eeks, Commissioner Kep-
of the expanded program. - pel advised th subcommittee that the
Vie need for this 4111 arises from the normal instruct n period will last from
fact. that there are 13 million workers 4 to 6 months. O the $100 million which
in our labor force toddy who can neither would be authoriz d additionally 'under
react nor write. Eightfhundred thousand, the bill, it Is exile ed that $50 million
or more than one-quarter of them, are will be allocated to he functional illit-
unemployed. Perhap$ as man Y as 25 eracy program provi d by the bill, and
percent of unemployed illiterates are that 50,000 literacy-de cient unemployed
Negroes. - can be trained at that ost.
In the first year of the Manpower De- I turn now briefly toN'the parts of the
velcpment and Training Act program bill dealing with youth. \, The bill would
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REMARKS:
Attached are two excerpts
from the Congressional Record of
Friday, 6 September, which the
Director might like to see.
Assistant Legislative Counsel 1
FROM :
0210003-7
FORM NO 24 I REPLACES FORTY-8 GPO: 1957-0-439445 (47)
WHICH MAY BE`~USED.