A BLOCKADE OF CUBA AS A COUN-TER MOVE TO THE BERLIN BLOCKADE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP64B00346R000200170020-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 13, 2004
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: August 31, 1961
• Content Type: OPEN

1032
rasuea rrom various civilian officials in the
Department of Defense and the three serv-
ices are well designed to gag any officer or,
for that matter, any enlisted man-and en-
listed men have. been active in the troop
informational and educational programs-
from performing their responsibilities un-
der official directives to prepare their per-
sonnel to resist Communist aggression of
any type, including mind-warfare attacks by
the enemy.
There is more. It is an area that is even
graver and of more dire consequence. While
military personnel are, as they should be,
subject to civilian authority-and I might
add that this principle has never in our
history been contested-the senior military
officers now designated as the Joint Chiefs
of Staff are military advisers to the Presi-
dent. Their estimates are essential to his
decisions,
I might mention at this point that I am
in no way alluding to the recent appoint-
ment of a special military advisor to the
President, for this has nothing to do with
the matter about which I am speaking. It
has come to my knowledge that certain in-
telligence estimates and policy statements
are distorted, and the only word which
properly characterizes them is "phony." It
has been demonstrated that intelligence es-
timates on purely and solely military ques-
tions, in which each and every one of the
military services have nonconcurred, have
nevertheless, thereafter, become official pol-
icy of the National Security Council. I will
cite an example from out of the past to
show both that this is no recent develop-
p
g a w
ite
ment and that our capabilities are being of the Senate Internal Security Subcom- couple and holding them hostage during
seriously impaired. There was an estimate mittee. This campaign is geared to trick - the race rioting. Long known for advo-
originating outside the Department of De- the American people into believing that eating violence against whites, Williams
fense to the effect that Formosa would fall communism is. in no danger of spread- has been reported for issuing ammuni-
before the end of 1950. All three services ing its poison in the United States
but tion to his followers in Monroe
nonconcurred in this estimate
yet it became
,
,
.
the official estimate of the National Security that the danger of its growth lies abroad.
To illustrate the so-called good will
Council. This involves material still classi- Madam President, the FPCC is just one and fairplay spread by the committee,
fled, but can be documented. I do not pro- of the well-known techniques used by I wish to quote from the words of Wil-
pose to deal in more recent instances of the Reds to stimulate a pressure cam- liams as he spoke to the Columbia Uni-
this nature at this time becs'use of the na- paign such as this. This committee versity Fair Play for Cuba Committee
ture of the security classification of such serves as a tool through which the Com- on February 10, 1961. "I don't know
instances. munists initiate smears and character what kind of `ism' they have in Cuba
The matters to which I have referred are assassinations, rumors, and any other
the Congress, and within the Congress, spe- today, but whatever it is, we could use
those which fall within the jurisdiction of forms of public pressure which they can a little of it in the United States." This
cifically fall within the jurisdiction of this concoct, ranging from petitions to de- speech was apparently part of an FPCC
committee. Much has been said about the monstrations to blackmail and corrup- tour which covered universities through-
principle of civilian control over the mili- tion. out the country, spreading such mali-
tary, and in the context in which this prin- The Fair Play for Cuba Committee is cious ideas, as the above quoted, to the
ciple has been used, it has been a smoke- not only Communist dominated, but it Youth of our country.
screen, for there has been no contest of the is criminally aggressive. Its members In his propaganda sheet, the Crusad-
principle. There is an offshoot bears directly this o prin-
ciple, however, to
ciple however, which h bears directly ly on the are guilty of treasonous passions against er, Williams, went so far as to
question of the resolution before us. The their own fellowmen and are involved his Negro leaders a glowing description
Congress is the policymaking body of our in an organization whose activities are of Castro's agrarian reform program.
Government under the Constitution. We detrimental to furthering the best in- The color of the FPCC was clearly
cannot surrender this responsibility and we terests of the United States as well as visible in a pro-Castro-Lumumba dem-
cannot delegate it away to appointed offi- Latin America. In their efforts to secure onstration held in the United Nations
cials or to another branch of the Govern- so-called fair play for Cuba they are Plaza, New York City, on February 18,
ment. We must bear the responsibility The
matters proposed to be investigated Se be aiding and encouraging the advance- 1961. Placards displayed read as fol-
at
ate Resolution 191 1 could not possibly be ment of communism at home and in lows: "Cuba Si, Congo Oui, Yankee No."
more specifically and completely within the Cuba, and in all of Latin America. Chanted slogans were "Viva Fidel Cas-
jurisdiction of this committee. Is is the Madam President, to emphasize the tro." "Down With Yankee imperialism."
Congress which determines what weapons imprudent actions of this organization William W. Worthy, Jr., a Negro who
will be supplied to our Armed Forces and it and to back up the statement that it is is a featured writer in the bulletins of
is this committee which initially provides financed substantially by the Castro the FPCC has throughout his career
the guidance for the Congress in this mat- government as well as Communist dom- displayed a marked hostility to the
ter. Information with which to resist in
m
mind-warfare e attacks by the enemy is just a as ated, let me draw from the staff study United States and its laws.
important a weapon which must be pro- published in the Senate Internal Secur- This is the same man who Paid ar-
vided our military personnel as any inter- ity Subcommittee Hearing on the Com- dent tribute to Fidel Castro as "That
continental ballistic missile, and is as every munist threat to the United States outstanding national hero and states-
bit as basic in its contribution to our ulti- through the Caribbean. It is noted there man" and continued further to speak
mate victory or defeat as the food which that the "bulk of the campaign to popu- with pride of the "militant mass actions soldiers ea
field. our The Congresst must set they the policyton what larize Cuba among Negroes is carried on of the Negro people-featuring mass sit-
types of defensive weapons are to be used by the Fair Play for Cuba Committee." in actions, marches, and demonstra-
against mind-warfare attacks, just as it de- The study reports that the acting Ne- tions."
termines the necessity for and authorizes the gro chairman' of the committee, Richard Madam President, need I cite further
supplying of our troops with defensive de- Gibson, invoked the fifth amendment in examples or offer more proof that once
vices against poisonous gas, such as gas refusing to answer questions regarding again the forces of international com-
~
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0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE n~- August 31
masks, and just as it determines the neces-
sity for and authorizes defensive weapons for
our civilian population, such as air-raid and
fall-out shelters.
We are elected officials with the specific
duty of formulating policy. We cannot dele-
gate this responsibility which we, by ac-
cepting these posts, have undertaken. This
is a matter which is vital to the survival of
the Nation, and I urge the committee to de-
lay no longer in undertaking this investiga-
tion which will provide the facts necessary
on which the Congress can base policy de-
cisions,
A BLOCKADE OF CUBA AS A COUN-
TER MOVE TO THE BERLIN BLOCK-
ADE
Mr. JOHNSTON. Madam President
,
the Fair Play for Cuba Committee has ac-
cused the senior Senator from Missis-
sippi, the distinguished chairman of the
Senate Internal Security Subcommittee,
of "telling pathetic and silly lies" when
he recently warned the American peo-
ple that the "Committee for Fair Play"
is Communist dominated and Commu-
nist financed.
I rise to defend the able Senator and
to join him in warning the American
public that the FPCC is part of an or-
ganized Communist trap to crush out
all anti-Communist movements in the
United States, including even the probe
his activity. He was one of the eight
Negroes among the founders of the
FPCC. Joanne Alileen Grant, who has
been listed as the secretary of the Fair
Play Committee, is a Negress who in-
voked the fifth amendment on October
10, 1960, before the Internal Security
Subcommittee in refusing to answer all
questions regarding her Communist
Party affiliations. Richard Gibson esti-
mated that about one-third of the 3,000
members belonging to the Fair Play
Committee were Negroes.
One active member of the committee is
Robert F. Williams, NAACP chairman
in Monroe, N.C., where racial strife
erupted so violently this past weekend
as to cause shooting to break out in the
downtown square. The result was the
wounding of a policeman. The violence
that is presently plaguing this small
town of 11,000 persons has long been
brewing, perhaps since 1959, when Wil-
liams' views on meeting force with force
became so radical that he was expelled
from the NAACP. It was Williams who
several weeks ago called for picketing of
the county courthouse as a "test of the
passive resistance method."
Yesterday the Federal Bureau of In-
vestigation asked the 50 State patrolmen
at Monroe to issue an alarm for Williams,
charging him with kidna
in
h
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1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SEN
armed services, which was accompanied by a impossible to state conclusively that any of same time they are told by their trainers
directive to-the effect that the Armed Forces to which I have referred of the foregoing through a film that they cannot possibly
would conduct such troop informational and the foregoing circumstances and occurrences hope to achieve victory. This is no less than
t se nmoral l h
the fim, I suggest t
for he motivation of ac- If you of the
insure t at
educational programs as were necessary g atlyi responsible referred
insure aat at Amemerican ican troops woulduld not not a a sin in p
be casualties of a mind-warfare attack to tions taken by and within the Department of you do so; for there is other equally subtle
which they might be subjected. In 1958, the Defense. .Motivations, however, can be laid subversive propaganda in its contents. For
National Security Council, in recognition of aside; for actions must be judged on their a real contrast, you should also request and Again the fact that the cold war was of a total na- merits-whether they are for oTe gainstatoe emyew Po film entitled "will give you st En-
ent
ture involving more than just military per- best interest - of the country- g
sonnel and operations, issued a directive the thinking of the individual or individuals pa iso with the Defense Depd ar The
by "
which authorized and directed the use of who perpetrated the actions. These, how- now preparing for use,
military facilities and personnel, in coopera- ever, are some of the occurrences whichhave Challenge of Ideas," and the films already
tion with nongovernmental groups for the taken place by and within the Department available but negligibly used an increasingly
purpose of informing the American public- of Defense subsequent to the commencement There
strict at tesn is censorship of all sreements vents
whic menace civilian so war. the nature of the of Lase eaar and earlier I have this year, some of the of military officers. I fully recognize, appre
menaace e of the cold warar.
The troop informational nformational and educational services purchased copies of the film "Oper- cute, and accept, without qualification, the
programs, which were inaugurated with the ation Abolition." Service personnel were in- necessity for clearance of speeches by mili-
intent to arm military personnel against vited and urged by the services to use them tary officers for compliance with security
mind-warfare, were implemented in varying for troop informational and educational classifications and consistency with national
degrees by the services and, as is to be ex- programs. They were also made available policy as determined and established by duly
petted, achieve rather spotty success. The for showing to the public. On March 10, constituted autI refer, Thhowee
more diligent commanders, however, judging 1961, pursuant to a memorandum issued by of censorship ver,
from the evidence which is available, were the Office of the Secretary of Defense, official nothing whatever to do with either security
successful to a very high degree. use of the film "Operation Abolition" was requirements or inconsistencies with na-
The implementation of the 1958 National prohibited. The prohibition did not, of `tonal policies. On August 17, 1961, I gave
Security Council directive involved a mini- course, require the destruction of copies of 10 examples of expressions which the censors
mum of participation by the active military, the film on hand. They were only placed invariably deleted from proposed speeches of
a somewhat greater degree of participation on an "oncall basis" for nonofficial use. military officers. Those expressions are as
by the inactive Reservists, and, from the evi- The prohibition was done in such manner,
that foloCommunist conspiracy directed toward
dence available, was singularly effective for however, as to make it perfectly al
the effort exerted. The evidence of the ef- it would be inadvisable for any military per- absolute domination of the world.
festiveness of this program is documented in sonnel to participate in the use of such film 2. Soviet infiltration menacing this Nation
the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee for unofficial purposes; and, indeed, I have and extending throughout far corners of
hearing released last Sunday, August 27, knowledge of very severe statements made the globe. The 1961, which was entitled "The New Drive by Defense officials in writing as
even what 43 . The C steady a v ice of mmunism.
Against the Anti-Communist Program." would happen
In recent months, there has been a whole off-duty time, obtained and showed to a 5. On such theories socialism thrives.
new uprising of activity which is both alarm- civilian group, upon request, the film "Oper- 6. Communismol gy encoof world c Marxism.
ing and significant. On December 5, 1980, ation Abolition." 7. mpassing Socialism representatives of 81 Communist Parties Another film, "Communism the Map," Fabian Soviets have noocialism.
relented in the slight-
from around the world, meeting in Moscow, which was commercially produced,
the first time in the history of the Com- banned for any use or acquisition by the west in orld theito determination our way oiminate the
munist movement, issued a basic document, services on April 21, 1961. Nothing hadestroy life.
s happened ty indicate that
referred to as a "manifesto," which officially Although the Department of Defense and 9. g
took note of and decried an anti-communist the various services have copies of films on the goals of international communism have
informational program. This basic docu- hand which they themselves prepared, and changed.
Toda in the face of the worldwide
ment of communism called for all-out which are very personnel, effective
they have If these expressions contravene national
States. away'and use of them is negligible. Among
sought wonder that the aDepartment
on
Subsequently, Gus Hall, our secretary- these films are: "Blueprint for Communist
Against policy, it is
general of the Communist Party U.S.A., is- Conquest" (AFIF-76), "Defense
sued a lengthy and detailed policy state- Enemy Propaganda" (AIF-1), and "Soviet "Strategic surrender United States." an
ment calling for a campaign against the Partisan Warfare" (MF-30-8616). O On inthe finitum question with of both censorship rship I co d
and oen-
anticommunist educational programs in the The Department of Defense has officially adsion I ,scum you these -
United States and specifically called for a announced that it is preparing new training sored nitum repeal or a rendering ineffective of the 1958 films. One of these already completed is only examples-
National Security Council directive. This entitled "The Challenge of ideas," which Y Despite the fact that there has not been
statement by Gus Hall prescribed the tactics viewed and characterized as "namby-pam- revealed one instance in which an active-
to be used in the Communist effort, which by" and "gutless." I would like at this time duty officer spoke to a civilian audience or
included the enlistment of a united front to express my apologies for so characterizing his troops on domestic political matters, iscu
or mili-
ons, in including non-Communists and stanchly that film. When examined from a psycho- seminars dwe essi to participatewhich
loyal Americans, to accomplish the end logical warfare viewpoint, the characteriza- tary personnel
sought by the Communists. It was specif- tion which I made of the film was naive which military facilities were scheduled to
ically stated in Hall's directive that the and even misleading. A better characteriza- be used, have been canceled or postponed.
Military Establishment was to be the primary tion for that film would be "subversive." I I discussed in some detail on the Senate
target. will give you an example. This film was floor the cancellation of a scheduled 2-week
Thereafter, there began to appear a pattern produced for the specific purpose of being instructional course in the Panama Canal
of articles in various publications which shown to military personnel undergoing mil- Zone for Reserve officers of the three serv-
cannot be characterized as other than a bold itary training which was to ready them to ices who now live and reside in South and
smear of our Military Establishment. Sev- fight in mortal combat an enemy of the Central American countries. Surely there
eral articles had in their captions and in the United States. Despite the propaganda to could be no fear of a discussion of "partisan
bodies of the articles references to what was which we are subjected, even these men are political matters" among these people.
characterized as our "military-industrial aware that the enemy against whom they Some of the other events of this nature
complex." These articles, by and large, were are being trained to fight are the Commu- which have been canceled or postponed were
saturated with unsubstantiated allegations nist armed forces. It is necessary to keep in originally scheduled for such places as
in general terms and innuendoes that mili- mind the purpose of the film to understand Shreveport, La.; Fredericksburg, Va.; Fort
tary personnel were speaking to their troops, its subversive character. At the end of this Benjamin Harrison, Ind.; Glenview Naval
and especially to civilian audiences, on par- film, an actress, Miss Helen Hayes, supplies Air Station, Ill.; and Fort Sam Houston, San
tisan political matters. Incidentally, I have a conclusion. Her opening statement is to Antonio, Tex. The cancellation of another
screened all of these numerous articles which the effect that the conflict in which we are is now under consideration in the Pentagon.
have come to my attention and not one of now engaged will continue for generations In addition, there is all too much evi-
them states a specific instance where an of-' to come. The implication of that statement dence that the impression is being spread
ficer on active duty made any statement on is inescapable: to wit, victory is impossible. that the administration wants antieommu-
a domestic political matter or on foreign Now, I ask you, what effect will such in- nism soft-pedaled. Assistant Secretary of
policy. sidious propaganda have on the minds of Defense for Public Affairs Arthur Sylvester is
Motivations are matters beyond proof. men being trained to a peak of fitness to quoted in the press as having expressed the
We have no way of knowing-nor shall we combat our enemy? On the one hand, they hope that the action in General Walker's
ever have-as to just what motivates any undergo arduous physical training to teach case would be an example to other officers.
individual to take a specific action. It is them the art of military combat. At the Such statements coupled with directives
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 Approved CONGRESSIONAL /RECORDA-RP_f4BOQ346R000200170020-4 16633
munism and its allies are utilizing their
powerful resources through the "Com-
mittee for Cuban Fair Play" in an ef-
fort to turn the American citizen against
his own Government? Cooperating in
this effort with the FPCC are Fidel Cas-
tro's Cuban Government and his Com-
munist henchmen as well as the Com-
munity Party, U.S.A.
Madam President, the time has
come for us to be aggressive; I advo-
cate throwing a blockade around Cuba
and squeezing her economy until she
falls to her knees. The longer we linger
in this matter, the longer Cuba and her
Communist associates will be able to
spread their poison via such propaganda
as the Fair Play for Cuba Committee.
Why does not someone start encou-
raging a little. fair play for America? I
do not see anyone talking about the more
than $1 billion worth of American prop-
erty which has been usurped by Cuba;
and this amount is only an estimated
sum, as it does not include all the prop-
erty seized and not yet reported to the
American authorities. Nor does it in-
clude all the debts due and owed Ameri-
can firms once operating in Cuba. Nor
does it cover money held up in frozen
bank accounts in Cuba.
I do not hear anyone talking about
the 30 Americans jailed in Cuba. Worse
than that, I have seen no fair play cries
over Americans killed in Cuba.
Considering the fact that Cuba has
seized American property, citizens, and
planes, and has even gone so far as to
cause the death of five Americans, we
have no other choice but to brand the
Castro government as a form of piracy.
It is frightening to acknowledge that
the United States is tolerating pirates-
Communist pirates-just 90 miles from
our own shores.
Madam President, surely Cuba has
pushed us far enough. We should know
from our trying past experiences that it
is impossible to compromise with or ap-
pease the Communists, whether they be
those of Castro or of Khrushchev. We
must stand firm and fight fire with fire.
Cuba has. stolen from right under our
very noses property, citizens, and equip-
ment.
In our early history it took America
almost 12 years to put a stop to the Bar-
bary pirates, but we did so by the firmest
and strongest possible action. Our Na-
tion gave the Barbary pirates no alterna-
tive but to stop their piracy or she would
blockade their ports and ships and blow
them off of the map. Thus the piracy
was halted.
I can think of no better way to coun-
teract the grave blockade against Berlin
than to throw a blockade around Cuba.
To comply with Cuba's piracy or retire
from unjust demands will, in the final
analysis, cost us more than war. We
may be well assured that the present
disrespect of Cuba and such Communist
propaganda organizations as the Fair
Play for Cuba Committee will inevitably
bring on insults which may necessarily
involve us in ideological and military
battles. To paraphrase Thomas Jeffer-
son: "A coward is? more likely to be ex-
posed to quarrels than a man of spirit."
If we silence the cry of. those who
would be gullible enough to believe that
No. 152-13
the truths about the Fair Play for
Cuba Committee are "pathetic and silly
lies"; if we show ourselves as men of
spirit before it is too late, perhaps we
can avert disaster.
Madam President, if we are going to
the conference table over Berlin, then
let us go to the conference table with
some fire with which to fight the Com-
munist fire. A blockade of Cuba will
equal the blockade of Berlin. At this
point we have nothing to negotiate with
in the Berlin crisis, but if we blockade
Cuba, we will have a big stick with
which to confer and negotiate.
Madam President, reports from Brazil
indicate the possibility of a civil war in
that country created by the division be-
tween followers of President Janio Quad-
ros and those who would like to see Vice
President Joao Goulart named Presi-
dent.
Without the excessive agitation cre-
ated in Brazil by Communist agents un-
der the direction of Fidel Castro, the
political problems there could be amica-
bly settled, I feel certain. However,
these agents of the Castro Communist
government from Cuba, backed finan-
cially by Russia and trained by Rus-
sian Communists, are stimulating a civil
war in Brazil. Cuba is being used as a
springboard into all of Latin America
by communism. The Castro govern-
ment is, in truth, an arm of the Soviet
Union, and therefore is intervening in
Western Hemisphere matters in viola-
tion of the Monroe Doctrine.
Proof of this charge can readily be
found in news dispatches originating
from Cuba reporting Castro's broadcasts
and other propaganda urging the people
of Brazil to take up arms and begin
guerrilla warfare from the mountains of
Brazil against the established civil and
military authorities in Brazil.
For this reason I call upon the Pres-
ident of the United States to blockade
and isolate Cuba from the rest of our
Western Hemisphere. I feel sure the
Congress will back the President in such
a move, and I know that the American
people, who are fed up with being pushed
around, will likewise back him whole-
heartedly.
It is time we muffled the agitations of
groups such as the "Fair Play for Cuba
Committee" and take the Communist
threat in this Western Hemisphere by
the arm and set our house in order. The
Castro government in Cuba is an ex-
tremely dangerous menace. Cuba is a
small country, but it has the poisoning
capability of a rattlesnake, and we must
exterminate it. A blockade of Cuba is
the least bloody, and probably the most
sure way.
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. JOHNSTON. I yield.
Mr. RANDOLPH. The Senator from
South Carolina has been very blunt in
his speech. There are many Senators
within this forum and people through-
out the country, including the citizens
of South Carolina, whom the Senator
so ably represents, who realize the im-
portance of dealing in a realistic, yet
a very firm manner with the Castro
threat.
I was visited yesterday in my office
by a longtime. friend. He was a retired
officer of the Armed Forces. This
gentleman had gone to Cuba and estab-
lished a very substantial business in
that country. That business, worth
some $200,000, was confiscated by the
Castro regime. The automobile in
which this reputable businessman was
driving down the road in Cuba was also
burned and his life was actually en-
dangered. This man was forbidden for
6 weeks from entering his own apart-
ment, the home in which he lived, to
secure certain personal belongings. He
is a citizen of our country. It is almost
tragic to have to report what I have
stated with reference to the treatment
of this outstanding American. His in-
vestment, I repeat, was confiscated, and
he was threatened.
Mr. JOHNSTON. I thank the Senator
from West Virginia for his comments.
I, too, could relate many instances some-
what similar to the one he has related,
and which have been reported to me.
It is time for the United States to act.
The more quickly we act, the better off
we will be.
SALARIES OF REFEREES IN
BANKRUPTCY
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the RECORD a letter which I received from
Dean F. Ratzman, acting president of the
Oregon Chapter of the Federal Bar Asso-
ciation. Enclosed in the letter are two
resolution passed by the Oregon Chapter
of the Federal Bar Association. I ask
unanimous consent that the resolutions
be printed in the RECORD. Let the
RECORD show that I find myself in com-
plete agreement with the resolutions.
There being no objection, the letter
and resolutions were ordered to be
printed in the RECORD, as follows:
PORTLAND, OREG., August 28, 1961.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: The Oregon Chap-
ter of the Federal Bar Association requests
your consideration of the enclosed resolu-
tions, which were adopted by the Oregon
chapter on August 24, 1961.
Sincerely yours,
OREGON CHAPTER, FEDERAL
BAR ASSOCIATION,
DEAN RATZMAN,
Acting President.
Whereas the Oregon chapter of the Fed-
eral Bar Association at a meeting held
August 24, 1961, considered the provisions of
H.R. 5341, which would increase the maxi-
mum salaries of referees in bankruptcy and
concluded that enactment of this bill is
necessary for continued appointment and
retention of highly qualified referees: There-
fore, be it
Resolved, That passage of H.R. 5341 would
be in the public interest and is recommended
by the chapter.
OREGON CHAPTER, FEDERAL
BAR ASSOCIATION,
DEAN F. RATZMAN,
Acting President.
JAMES G. GRUETTER,
Secretary.
Whereas the members of the Oregon
chapter of the Federal Bar Association at a
meeting duly held on August 24,'1961, at
Portland, Oreg., reviewed and approved rea-
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 16634 Approved For ReleasCONGRESSIONAL RECORD - S NATE170020-4
sons advanced by the Department of Justice
in support of companion bills S. 1488 and
H.R. 6242, relating to the salary system for
atorneys of that Department; and
Whereas Oregon chapter members agree
that there is great merit in the reasons ad-
vanced by the Department of Justice;
namely, that a more adequate and realistic
pay system is needed for obtaining and re-
taining the caliber of personnel necessary
for the protection of the interests of the
United States; and
Whereas the need for a more adequate and
realistic pay system for attorneys represent-
ing the United States exists in all depart-
ments and other agencies or offices of the
United States, and action with respect to
this need should not be taken on a piecemeal
or discriminatory basis which would ac-
centuate the problem for agencies not in-
cluded in the legislation: Therefore, be it
Resolved, That S. 1488 and H.R. 6242
should be amended to provide for the fixing,
without regard to the Classification Act of
1949, as amended, of the annual salaries of
the attorneys for all departments and other
offices or agencies of the United States or
agencies of the United States by the chief
legal officers of such departments, offices or
agencies, with compensation of individual
attorneys to be limited to not more than
$19,000.
OREGON CHAPTER, FEDERAL
BAR ASSOCIATION,
DEAN F. RATZMAN,
Acting President.
JAMES G. GRUETTER,
Secretary.
JUDICIAL VACANCIES IN THE NINTH
JUDICIAL DISTRICT
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the RECORD a letter which I received
from Mr. Frank H. Schmid, secretary
of the Judicial Conference of the Ninth
Judicial District. Enclosed in the letter
is a resolution which I ask unanimous
consent to have inserted in the RECORD.
Let the RECORD show that I am in com-
plete support of the resolution,
There being no objection, the letter
and resolution were ordered to be printed
in the RECORD, as follows:
OFFICE OF THE CLERK,
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS,
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT,
San Francisco, Calif., August 10, 1961.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am enclosing copy
of a resolution of the Judicial Conference
of the Ninth Judicial Circuit held at Port-
land, Oreg., on July 13, 1961, which is trans-
mitted pursuant to the direction of the
conference for your consideration.
Very truly yours,
FRANK H. SCHMID,
Secretary.
THE JUDICIAL CONFERENCE OF THE NINTH
JUDICIAL CIRCUIT
Whereas there are 14 vacancies and un-
filled district judgeships and 2 unfilled cir-
cuit judgeships in the ninth circuit; and
Whereas the need for adequate judicial
manpower is accumulating day by day: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolved, That this conference respect-
fully but firmly requests the President to
proceed with all deliberate speed to Jill the
judicial vacancies now existing in this cir-
cuit; and
That the secretary of the conference send
a copy hereof to the Attorney General of
the United States and to the Senators of
the several States within this circuit.
POWER FOR PLUTONIUM
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, in a re-
cent issue of the Oregonian there ap-
peared a very sound editorial, entitled
"Power for Plutonium," and I commend
the editors of the Oregonian for pub-
lishing it. I wish to associate myself
with its observations, and I ask unani-
mous consent that it may be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Oregonian, Aug. 8, 1961]
POWER FOR PLUTONIUM
What has not received much attention in
the congressional debate about a $95 million
appropriation to produce 700,000 to 800,000
kilowatts of electricity from wasted heat at
the new Hanford plutonium reactor is that
the AEC's big Hanford project itself uses
about half that amount.
This power now comes from the hydroelec-
tric system of dams built by the U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Recla-
mation, and transmission of the Bonneville
Power Administration. For a long time, the
amount of power from the Federal system
used by Hanford for defense purposes was
classified, although known to be substantial.
Representative CHET HOLIFIELD, of Cali-
fornia, chairman of the Joint Atomic En-
ergy Committee, has revealed, however, that
Bonneville supplies the AEC's Hanford works
with 350,000 to 400,000 kilowatts of electric-
ity. It is completely absurd that Hanford,
having the capacity to provide electricity for
its own needs, and as much more for the
Federal Columbia power system, must now
drain power away from the system which
could be used by utilities and industries.
BPA has said that if the Hanford reactor
is approved in Congress, it will be able to
offer to industries and utilities 400,000 kilo-
watts of firm power right away. This is
power anticipated but held in reserve to meet
preference requirements. With Hanford as-
sured, it can be turned into the making of
jobs in the Northwest without delay. The
balance of the Hanford production would be-
come available when the reactor is completed
in 1964.
Agreement has been reached in the House
Rules Committee to again allow the House
to vote on the Hanford item separately from
the AEC bill in which it is contained. The
Senate has approved the item. If for no
other reason-and there are many good
ones-the House should approve it to take
the burden of Hanford's energy demands off
the back of Northwest industry and employ-
ment.
BACK TO SCHOOL: SERIOUS
BUSINESS
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, the
August 10 issue of the Catholic Sentinel
of Portland, Oreg., contains a most
worthwhile editorial entitled "Back to
School: Serious Business." It states in
part:
Unfortunately, the Communists seem to
approach education more seriously than
many citizens of the free world. The current
concern about the quality of American edu-
cation is of crucial importance.
I ask unanimous consent to have this
editorial printed here in the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD in its entirety.
Augttst,J
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Catholic Sentinel, Aug. 10, 1961]
BACK TO SCHOOL: SERIOUS BUSINESS
As parents, teachers, and students prepare
for a new school year they should be aware
that education plays a vital part in the
struggle for the soul of mankind. Ur}for-
tunately the Communists seem to approach
education more seriously than many citizens
of the free world. The current concern
about the quality of American education is
of crucial importance.
The Communist revolution was and is an
intellectual revolution. From the inception
of his work, Lenin stressed education, and
just of a few, but of the masses. Through
his lifetime, and through Stalin's lifetime,
and now today, the Communist Party has
diligently obeyed this doctrine of Lenin:
Educate, educate, educate. The Communists
believe and have been taught that it is
through ideas and the economic and tech-
nological system evolved from them that
they will conquer the world. They have
achieved great feats in technology through
education. They are now determined to ex-
tend their teachings to anyone who will
listen, especially to underdeveloped nations.
It is essential that everyone in the West
understand that the competitor is an edu-
cated nation of young, dynamic people: in-
tense, loyal, determined men and women.
They have been given a thorough, special-
ized education. They are provided contin-
ually with refresher or upgrading training.
They are adopting the best ideas of every
land. The Soviet Union is dedicated to be-
coming a nation of trained specialists.
Each child must go to school until he is
16. It is not school as in the United States.
For instance, every child begins the study
of a foreign language-English, French, or
German. But the educational process does
not stop with linguistic exercises: It extends
to a study of the histories, cultures, politi-
cal systems, weaknesses, and strengths of
other nations, and always there is emphasis
on the physical sciences.
Technical training of young pupils for 8
years of elementary study, several hours a
week in school workshops and small gardens.
After this thorough training in secondary
school, the Soviet youth, boy or girl, must
work for 2 years.
Then the young men and women take a
comprehensive selection examination to de-
termine their fitness and qualification for
higher education. Some are weeded out of
university education altogether. Some are
sent to special training centers of a technical
or production type.
The universities are overcrowded, and only
the select and qualified can enter them.
But, once they are admitted, they receive a
thorough education and are permitted to go
into and develop any specialty for which
they qualify.
The Communists have developed a new
religion, and they believe they are the com-
missioned evangelists of this religion to the
world. The concept of the dignity of man
is the most powerful political idea in the
world. But the Communists have tried to
capture this idea. They talk and preach
freedom when they mean domination. They
talk liberation of underdeveloped peoples,
when they mean control and manipulation.
They hope one day to liberate even us
Americans from capitalist masters.
Unless this kind of hard, planned, focused,
trained, educated evangelism is understood
by the people and leaders of the West, and
properly handled, it can destroy all for which
the West stands. We must really compete
with the Communists. Coexistence alone is
not enough.
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