AMENDMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000100290003-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 30, 2003
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: September 20, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release,200O4/01/16w: CIA-RDP67,B00446R000100290003-7
September 20, 1965
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
thee Feder l ads, so-called, and the pri- him very much. He has given me a fine
Y owned yards. statement., I could not ask for more.
Mr,,MORSE. The Senator from Mis- The SenatQr can do, no. more under the
sissippf was not only the author but also parliamentary situation.
,its great defender on the floor of _ the The Sexiator from Mississippi states
Senate. I wish him to know that I have that he is,going to support surveillance
told that story all over the State of of expenditures of this huge budgetary
Oregon,, sum of money which goes to the Bureau
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator, of Ships. That is all I can ask for..
from Oregon for that, but is only right, When he tells me that he is going to
proper, and sound that we should have write letters on this subject, including
this provision, because it has proved val- the President of the United States, he has
uable in the years we have had it in the gone all the way in trying to cooperate
bill, and it has not hurt the Navy. There with me.
was a clause in the version. we had, the He made the comment that the Navy
so-called escape clause, which would per- does. not like restrictions.. The. Military
mit.latitude by the Secretary of Defense Establishment never likes restrictions, ,
in cases where he had to make, exceptions As the Senator from Mississippi knows,
in the military interest of the Nation. I feel that if we are to protect the prim-
But, this is a highly controversial ques- vatesegment of the economy, if we are
t1on, as the Senator well knows. There going to. maintain civilian, control over
are sentiments both ways. It was impos- the military, the military must be sub-
sible, with all the existing, facts, at this ject to restrictions It must not. be
time, to hold the amendment in placed beyond the reach of reasonable
I have not yielded one bit on my ideas
concerning the matter. That was my
plea on the floor and in conference, that
we. absolutely must have some surveil-
lance over this very large amount of
money-I believe it, is $850-odd million
in the bill alone.
In justifying the money for the pri-
vately owned shipyards for the current
fiscal year, there is pledged 26.3 percent
of the funds to go to those yards, as the
Senator knows.
I am going to' write to the Bureau of
Yards and Docks, to the Chief of Naval
Operations, to the Director of the Bureau
of the Budget, and even to the President
of the United States, expressing my opin-
ioh and my conclusions as to the need
for this surveillance.
I am puke that other Senators will
follow this problem with much interest.
The Navy is on trial in reference to this
matter. They do not like the ,restric-
tions. They have not lobbied with me,
as the term is used, but they know that
that is their provision. But, if this large
amount of money did not get some sur-
veillance, by Congress, Congress would
be neglecting its duty. I also, believe
that the pressure will be so great, if we
dq, not have this surveillance, that abuses
could result.
We must absolutely, militarywise,
maintain both kinds of shipyards. Each
has,its place. If the alteration, repair,
and conversion capacity of the privately
owned shipyards is going to remain un-
used, they cannot keep it standing there.
They cannot maintain, it on a standby
ready-to-work basis from year to year
as k'ederal shipyards can with the money
of the Treasury Department behind
them, They would ,have to liquidate the
capacity. That is what would happen.
restrictions.
I have felt that surveillance is a rea-
sonable restriction. I agree that the
Navy shipyards must be kept strong. I
have always defended strong Navy ship-
yards, and will continue to do so; but,
I do not intend to surrender to the Navy
in what I believe would be a weakening
of the privately owned shipyards, if the
surveillance promised by the Senator
from Mississippi is not maintained.
Once again, I thank the Senator from
Mississippi very much for the legislative
history which he has made this after-
noon.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator.
Let me add that there is general directive
law on this subject with reference to the
funds, but clearly there is still in order a
limitation in the appropriation bill of
the very type the Senate version of the
bill contains, and so we are within
bounds.
.I thank the Senator very much.
AMENDMENT OF IMMIGRATN AND
NATIONALITY ACT
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R. 2580) to amend the
Immigration and Nationality Act, and
for other purposes.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, early this
year I was privileged to be the principal
cosponsor of a bill introduced by Sen-
ator PHILIP HART, of Michigan, to reform
our immigration laws. This was the
Senate companion to the House bill now
before us. The President and his four
predecessors in that office have all called
for a revision and modernization of our
immigration laws. Clearly the time has
come to abolish the national origins sys-
tem. Indeed, this action is long overdue.
The people of the world are not blind
to this sort of hyprocrisy. We sometimes
wonder why we do not enjoy everyone's
unbridled friendship. We ask why our
embassies are picketed by those we be-
lieve we have helped. To be sure, our
immigration policies alone do not offer
an explanation of this, but, as Secretary
of State Dean Rusk has said:
The national origins principle, rather than
the facts of our actual immigration, is picked
up by people unfriendly to the United States
and made an issue in their countries. This
causes political disturbances in the good re-
lations which we would hope to establish.
But reforming our immigration laws
just to enhance our foreign policy is only
one reason for changing our policy.
Immigration reform was urgently
needed here at home. Our present laws
actually deprive us of the contributions
of brilliant, accomplished, and skilled
residents of foreign countries who want
to bring their talents here-and who
would not displace American citizens
because of the great need we have here
for their unique skills.
In this regard let me say that the bill
before us offers even more protection to
American workers, while at the same
time encouraging skilled and talented
people to move to the United States.
Primary responsibility is placed on the
person who intends to immigrate to ob-
tain the certification of the Secretary of
Labor that his skills are needed in this
country and are in scarce supply. Peo-
ple with needed skills are given a prefer-
ential status.
If these symbolic, foreign policy, and
domestic reasons for revision are not
enough, there is a fourth ground-simple
humanity. This is the most compelling
of all the reasons to reform our laws and,
above all, abolish the insidious national
origins quotas. The cruel operation of
our 40-year-old immigration law has
torn families apart, in some cases forc-
ing them to choose between America and
their children.
The national origins quota provisions
have meant that people wilth little or no
skill can come into this country readily,
if they have the right country of origin.
A naturalized American from one of
the southern or eastern European coun-
tries may have to wait 5 or more years
to get his mother into this country. If
he is from Asia-and somehow managed
to overcome the policy of almost com-
plete exclusion of these people-he may
have to give up hope altogether of getting
his mother into this country. And yet,
either of these individuals could obtain
a resident visa for his English maid in
5 weeks or less.
A brilliant Korean or Indian scientist
is turned away, while the northern
European is accepted almost without
MY full interest in this matter.. laic national origins quotas are the question. The pill before us would
antithesis of that for which we say the abolish the Asia-Pacific triangle pro-
Tomorow I shall read the Senator's United States stands-a land of equal visions, which are nothing other than
remarks In ,,,tlae, R oan, I shall - also opportunity for all, regardless of race, racial discrimination against Asians.
refer to them ton Qi gw wl=, we take color, creed, or country of national origin, While Plato and Dante would have a hard
up the conference report, and summarize a haven for the oppressed peoples of the time getting into the United States if
his points, if I may; and further address world. We are given to quoting the they were alive today, Confucius or Lao-
myself to those points so that they will words on the Statue of Liberty on patri- tze could not get in at all.
all be in the #PCQiw. ?otic occasions, but for 40 years we The national origins quotas and the
Mr. MORSE, I am greatly indebted to have tolerated grossly inequitable immi- Asian-Pacific triangle provisions are
the Senator from Mississippi. I thank gration laws that belie those words. irrational, arrogantly intolerant, and im-
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4 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE September 20, 1965
moral. The time has come to ask those ExmBrr 1 to give of their work and culture. They
who come to our doors what they can do OPENING REMARKS sY MARIO T. NOTO, As- gave heart, muscle, knowledge and loyalty.
for this country-to Paraphrase President SOCIATE COMMISSIONER, U.S. IMMIGRATION Their gradual fusion with the multina-
AT THE DIA- tional immigrants who came to this land
AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE
,
ieririedy-not what country they come
MOND JUBILEE SUPREME CONVENTION OF before and after them has helped to produce
from or what their racial ancestry is. ORDER SONS OF ITALY, AUGUST 25, 1965, an amalgamated society which has no parel-
.I share the concern of Senators BALTSMORE> MD. lel in the world.
I-ENNEDY of Massachusetts, HART, and I extend greetings to all the delegates and The value of what they have given to
JAVITS that the limitation proposed in artici ants of this Diamond Jubilee OOn- America and its way of life has been recog-
this bill on immigration from Western p p nized by no less than five Presidents of the
vention of the Order Sons of Italy. The ac- United States. Each has advocated the
Hemisphere countries is backsliding from complishments of this proud organization elimination of that portion of our immi-
the high principles of the bill itself. And attest to your untiring and dedicated efforts gration laws which has closed the doors to
I share their hope that mien the Select and labors. Each of you, every member and those who would be immigrants amongst us
Commission on Western Hemisphere Im- all of us of Italian ancestry throughout the except for their place of birth. And yet,
migration studies this issue it will find United States may well be proud of your despite the obstacles of the national origins
that this limitation, is unnecessary, achievements. You exemplify the true system of our immigration laws, and within
spirit of the Italian immigrants who grouped our one short generation, the Italian immi-
I urge the Senate to give this bill its together in common ideals and beliefs to grant and his offspring has repaid America
prompt approval. We have run out of promote unity in a foreign land where they generously. His payments may be found not
adjectives to describe the import of the came to plant their roots. only in all that makes our country, but in
work we have done this session, but this At a gathering such as this, few are given other lands of the world-where his sons
bill reforming our immigration laws is the privilege to speak, and to be included sleep in foreign soil, where they fell in de-
truly something of which we can be among the few is an honor which I have ac- fense of American Ideals. He needs no praise
cepted with genuine appreciation. I feel or eulogy from me or any other man-for he
proud. When we pass this bill we can like the new doctor who was called by the
hold our heads a little higher before coroner. He told the young doctor that he has written his own history here with the
calluses of his hands and the blood from
the world. had made a mistake In filling out the death his heart.
Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. President, the certificate. He told him he knew the form Our immigration law has had the effect
Senate is considering legislation to revise was complicated but as a doctor he must of opening our doors to persons judged by
the immigration laws of our country. It not sign his name in the space "cause for race and place of birth rather than on an
3sas taken the labors of many people from death." The new doctor looked at the individual's worth to society. It ironically
Many lands to, make our country the coroner and with candor replied,-"I may be a has discriminated with severity against
new doctor, but I must be honest." May I southern and central Europeans. The for-
great power and the great free nation it then take this occasion as aI} opportunity mula of the national origins system is with-
=is today. I am happy to have cospon- to offer you some of my reflections which out basis and logic. Our own President
cored that legislation and to give it my you may find pertinent to the theme of your Johnson has said, "There is no consistency
fullest sl pport. convention. in an American policy that both recognizes
This year, marks the diamond jubilee It is said, that to know nothing of the equality and capriciously bars immigration
of the order of the Sons of Italy in this Past is to little understand the present and from countries of southern Europe."
country. One of the proudest sons of to have no conception of the future. Let us And again it was our own President who
then for a brief interlude revert to the past. in his first state of the Union message de-
Italy is-Mario T. Noto, the Associate Com- Sixty years ago, a group of serious minded clared his solution in offering the criteria
missioner of the U.S. Immigration and and dedicated men met in New York to form "Ask not, 'In what country were you born?'
Naturalization Service. 'On August 25, an organization. They signed their names to but 'What can you do for our country?' " He
1985, in Baltimore, Md., Mr. Noto was the a simple and yet Impassioned document. has consistently demanded a change to end
,guest speaker at the supreme convention This document chartered a fraternal organi- the national quota. Be has asked that each
of the order. He delivered a moving zation-named the Order Sons of Italy. These applicant be considered chiefly on the basis
speech, one which. I commend to each men dedicated their purpose in simple but of occupational skill and family ties. This
of my colleagues. I ask unanimous con- most meaningful language. Its unbreakable can only serve to enhance our Nation in the
sent to have his speech Included in the pledge ordained the allegiance of these men world community.
in the words "We, the members of the Order The story of the accomplishments- of the
ZEECORD at the end of my remarks. Sons of Italy fu America, being a part of the Italian immigrant whether on this planet,
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without United States of America, which we serve or in this hemisphere or in America can be
objection, it is so ordered. at all times with undivided devotion, and told in many, many ways. But the past is
(See exhibit 1.) - to whose progress we dedicate ourselves." too well known. Its immeasurable value is
Mr. TYDINGS. Mr. "President, the With these words, their aspirations and well documented in the pages of history.
Italian community of BaitiIhore has pro- activities became assimilated into the broad But now, what is the present and what is
and challenging patterns of the American the future? The present and the future must
duced many` great Americans. Among way of life. These men were fully aware of reach greater heights. For the story of the
them are such outstanding citizens as the responsibilities they undertook. They American with Italian ancestry must be told
`"Comas J. D'Alesandro,Jr., the former knew they could do one of two things. In the forms of the beliefs, the ideals and
mayor of Baltimore, now a member of-the They could bring honor and glory to their the values which he has. It must be told to
Federal Renegotiation Board, and his son, ancestry; or they could mutilate the dream promote the truth, and to instill a deeper
'Thomas J. D'Alesandro, III, the,president of the future immigrant who wished to unity and stronger effort' to further enrich
of the city council of Baltimore. follow. But only time would tell. And it our beloved country. It must be told to re-
Other ethnic groups in'Maryland have did-in the rolls of honor in government, in move the ugly stains of prejudice made by
industry, in culture and in every cornerstone those in our midst, who are still intolerant
provided community leaflets Of distinc- of American endeavor. Every avenue of hu- and condemn a whole people because of a
"tion and prominence, including some of man effort is lined with some contribution few.
our outstanding businessmen, civic to our country's greatness. Unfortunately, there are a few of our an-
leaders, and public officials. None would Who were the dedicated men who grouped cestry who have not contributed to our great-
be in this country today if their grand- together to found this order? They were mess-instead they have detracted. But, in
parents or their parents, or, indeed, in representative of the type of Italian immi- each flock some sheep must go astray-and
some cases, if they themseves had been grant to this country--of men and women as with some peoples of all nationalities, so
refused entry into America. t possessefc with God-given strength and it has been with some of Italian ancestry.
f its present form, our immigration determination. They were plain people- The truth must be accepted. But it must
from small towns and valleys and mountains. also 'serve to enlighten and educate the
law is outdated, discriminatory, and in They left their native land because they bigots-who must be taught to accept the
drastic need of revision. Such revision wanted to share in the spirit of hope, liberty principle that each man must be judged and
as is, contemplated by the legislation and justice which this land offered. They be accepted or rejected on his ownxecord-
whichwill soon come before us for a vote migrated to unchartered lives in a foreign and not on his ancestry.
will allow my State and our country to land equipped only with the endowments Frequently, one reads or hears of the ac-
continue to flourish through contribu- of birth and a faith in the future. count of criminal activities of specific indi-
tions made by persons from every corner These early immigrants encountered big- viduals. But too often the searchlight of
of the globe. 'We persons tom beyond race, otry and prejudices. Some of the kindest sensationalism seems to shine on Italian
and most pungent words were "guinea" or names. We are told of the Italian or Sicilian
-nationality, or ancestry to a person's "wop" or "dago." But without murmur they mobster. Some of these were born here,
ability to make a positive contribution accepted the abuses and manmade hard- some were brought here in childhood and
to our society. ships; and yet they seized every opportunity some matured abroad. But the .end product
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September 20, Y9 5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
23615
is not a creation of nationality or ancestry. with understanding and compassion. We JAPANESE AMERICAN CITIZENS LEAGUE,
And with the passage of time and addition shall continue to give generously of ourselves Washington, D.C., September 17, 1965.
of each, succeeding name an unfair image in toil and battle just as we have in the Hon. THOMAS H. KUCHEL,
has been presented. Where the facts are past and are doing in the present. To those U.S. Senate,
true-they cannot and should not be denied. who would question our unity, we say we are Washington, D.C.
Truth cannot and must not be suppressed- united for duty to our President and coun- DEAR SENATOR KUCHEL: On behalf of the
it must be surfaced. try; to those who question our sincerity, we millions of Californians who believe in a more
But for the sins of the few wrongdoers, the say let our deeds be judged and to those who equitable and humane immigration code for
image is not a true mirror of the 22 million question our loyalty, let history be the proof, our country, including the more than 50
people here who share the Italian ancestry. I seek neither approbation or acclaim for chapters of the Japanese American Citizens
The image unjustly clouds in the minds of what I speak. A man must account only to League in your State, we are writing you at
the public the true value of these God-fear- his God, his country, and himself for his be- this time as the Senior Senator from Cali-
in, loyal and dedicated Italian-Americans. liefs. If what I have said is responsible fornia to urge your active leadership and vote
In a recent national publication depicting then I alone am accountable for my words, for the principle and objectives of the im-
the fight of a large city against crime, of UNITED STATES IMMIGRATION LEGISLATION migration bill, H.R. 2580, as amended, which
seven photographs shown of criminals, six SHOULD BE BASED ON QUALITY AND QUALM- is now being considered by the Senate after
had Italian names, An additional five CATIONS, RATHER THAN RACE OR CREED being approved by the House of Representa-
photographs on another page had Italian tives on August 25 by the overwhelming
names, No one disputes that the guilty must Mr. KUCHEL. Mr. Presient, from margin of 318 to 95 and reported by the
be punished. The law must be enforced with the very beginning of my, service in the Senate Judiciary Committee on September 8
all the vigor it commands. The crim- U.S. Senate I have sought to improve by an almost unanimous 14 to 2 majority,
inal cancer in our society must be curbed- the immigration laws of our country. I Both the principle and the objectives of
regardless of nationality. But it is sinful supported with enthusiasm the recom- the immigration bill are consistent with the
to suppose that one creed, color or ethnic mendations made by General Eisenhower statesman-like views which you have so
group has a monopoly on crime. Yet, there during his administration. They were coureageously articulated and implemented
are some who would lead us to believe this. over the past quarter of a centu
God endowed each mortal with a will and designed to eliminate much of the harsh- ry as a
destiny and each is accountable for his own ness of the law, to give hope of reunion The principle public servant.
to society. But a religion, a race or an to divided families, and to offer a haven simple: n elf of the immigration bill n
ancestry Inust not be held accountable or to some of the oppressed peoples of the for immigration imTo eliminate race United a qualification
adjudged guilty for the wrongs of the few, world. They provided, of course, all the migration to the States.
Let no common heritage be tarnished for safe Tae objectives of the immigration pro are
those few, guards with respect to quality and equally clear and compelling: To provide
And what is the answer to a false image? character of those who looked forward greater immigration opportunities, within
Cqn we. remove it? Not only can we, but we hopefully to becoming American citizens. numerical limitations, to members and close
must. The'achievements of the past are pro- Similar recommendations were made relatives of American citizen and resident
logue. But the positive achievements of by the late President Kennedy, and I alien families, to those whose professions,
today and the continuing contributions of coauthored his proposals. Until this skills, or work will benefit the economy, wel-
the future to our society must be brought year, the House of Representatives failed fare, or culture of the Nation, and to refugees
into sharp focus for all people to take note. to act, generally, in this field. from political or religious persecution or
But this Cannot be nor should it be the re- catastrophic nature calamity, all without
spqns!
But this of one voice or one organization. Last Week I said in the Senate that regard to race, ancestry, national origin,
It must be the many. At each opportunity I intended to vote for the pending legis- religion, or color.
let the voices speak individually and in uni- lation, which is grounded in the tradi- The immigration bill accomplishes these
son to point to the record of the good deeds. tional American principles of fair play. worthy purposes by substituting a new im
Let the people be informed of the true worth The bill, as it emerges from the Senate migration system based on specified prefer-
of those of Italian ancestry, but, let no one Judiciary Committee, is a good bill, a fair ence priorities for the existing national
hesitate to denounce criminality regardless of bill, and a superior bill, from the stand- , origins quota system and the special Asia-
nationality
or ancestry.
Pacific triangle "ancestry" discrimination,
The Order Sons of Italy was not organized point of our country, to the bill which It is not an attempt to comprehensively
as a pressure group nor must It be. It is what has recently passed the House. revise and amend the Immigration and Na-
it should be, an assembly of faithful. peo- Mr. President, I have the honor to tionality Act of 1952, being limited in the
ple who share a common ancestry. The com- represent in part the State of California, main to removing race as a prerequisite for
munity of its interests and objectives which the most populous State in the Union. immigration,
unites its members is not different from We are a heterogeneous State. Among Under the proposed legislation, the au-
that of the DAR, B'nai B'rith, the NAACP, our 19 million Americans living in Cali- thorized total immigration remains approxi-
c similarprivilegesorganizat. s. It is idedicatedons. It to the task forma, none are more highly respected only of the the same
seas under current curity, health, la w, and of reflecting the collective qualities of a peo- among my fellow Citizens than Amer- charge", and other "safeguards" in the pres-
ple of one heritage and to achieve equalities scans of Japanese extraction. The valor ent statute are altered materially, except
for all peoples regardless of race, color or With which many of them distinguished that those relating to certain prospective
creed. But above all, within our society it themselves for bravery, wearing proudly workers are "strengthened" considerably,
displays the whole heart, whole mind and the American military uniform in the Because we are certain that many others
the whole spirit of a people. Your organs- Second World War, is well known to our have written you concerning the general
zation is dedicated to the freedoms founded people and to the world. They have arguments for this immigration bill, and be-
an 1776 and their preservation. written in feats of bravery, and in blood, cause we are most qualified to comment on
Let one fact be abundantly clear. Let a gallant chapter in the defense of Amer- of iJapalnese on
ncestr tin viewpoint of those
there be no doubt. Ancestry is no expedient y particular to and of
justification for the worth of an indi- scan freedom. In peace, they have be- Asian origins in general, we shall try to con
vidual. But neither shall it be the basis for come leaders in all walks of life, in agri- fine our letter to these latter aspects.
rejection or ridicule. Ancestry cannot and culture, in business, and in the public After all, except for Hawaii, California has
must not be a substitute, for ability or honor, service in my State. always had the largest population of Asian
Let no one clamor for recognition or reward I have received a thoughtful letter Americans of any State, And, California,
on
on the basis of national origin. Recognition from Mr. Mike Masaoka, the Washing specifically, and the Western States, general-
and reward
be commensurate with - ly, have in the past been most responsible
ability, not ancestry. In America the true, ton representative of the Japanese- for influencing national legislation and Fed-
test must lie in the virtue and value of man American Citizens League, which out- eral activity relating to those of so-called
alone and not in the cry for ethnic recogni- lines the views of that organization fa- oriental ancestry in this land.
tion. As .sons and daughters of immigrants voring of the pending bill. I think Sen- RACISM PRINCIPLE REJECTED
we possess priceless heritage; and we hold to ators will find it helpful as this debate In addition to believing that the immigra-
certain truths Individually and collectively. continues, tion bill clearly is in the national and In-
We'believe that where we find dissension, we I ask unanimous consent that the text ternational interests of the United States,
must bring together; where we find need, we of the letter be printed JACL endorses this legislation because it-
must provide; where we find wrong, we must in the RECORD
remedy, and that when we are right we must at this point as a part of my remarks. finally and completely-abolishes racism as
prove it. There being no objection, the letter lean immigration law. and practice in Amer-
!'o the Bigots, to the unscrupulous, and to was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, The racial concept was Introduced into
the prejudiced, we shall, continue to respond as follows:
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23616 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 20, 1965
1882, only 7 years after the initial congres- Asia is authorized only 1.63 percent of the Inasmuch as the total Asian population of
sional effort to regu'ate immigration, when world total, and Africa even less-0.47 per- the United States is only about one-half of
the first of the Chinese Exclusion Act was cent. 1 percent of the total American population,
enacted. The Asia-Pacific triangle, to which only this means that there are very few of Asia-
It was then extended by the so-called about one and a half percent of the total Pacific origin in this country who are en-
gentlemen's agreement of 1907, under which immigration quotas for the entire world are titled to provide the specified preference pri-
Japan undertook to restrict immigration to allocated under the 1924 national origins orities to family members and close relatives
this country. system, includes a vast, roughtly triangular residing abroad, even if all qualified family
It was expanded by the barred zone, estab- area that encompasses practically all of the members and close relatives desire to emi-
lished in the immigration Act of 1917, to Asian Continent except Soviet Asia and al- grate immediately to the United States.
include practically all of Asia and all of the most all of the Pacific islands north of Aus- Thus, it would seem that, although the im-
Pacific islands. Immigration by natives of tralia and New Zealand. More than one- migration bill eliminates race as a matter of
this barred zone was excluded, half of the earth's population resides in this principle, in actual operation immigration
Racism in our immigration code reached triangle, which is comprised of 20 independ- will still be controlled by the now discredited
its zenith in the Immigration Act of 1924, ent countries, ranging from Afghanistan to national origins system and the general pat-
When the racial discrimination previously Western Samoa, and 16 subquotas, from Aus- tern of immigration which exists today will
applied exclusively to only Asian-Pacific im- tralia's Christmas Island to Portugal's Timor, continue for many years yet to come.
in 23 quota areas. Moreover, repealing the discrimination of
ble to all call was modified and made a Wort , Of these 23 quota areas, only China (205 the Asia-Pacific triangle may well be mean-
including of the nations u of the Old World, for China and Chinese persons), Japan (185), ingless, or at best less meaningful, if a nu-
national rigins through the device of a Indonesia (200), and Malaysia (400) are au- merical limitation is placed on immigration
national origins quota system formula for thorized annual immigration quotas in ex- from Western Hemisphere countries.
all United States. imig a stht te, unities the cess of the minimum 100 quota numbers. Since those of Asian ancestry born in the
ly, a also 'This same panes in exclusion In the cases of Indonesia and Malaysia, how- New World cannot under existing American
also fby decr wrote Japanese in iig i le ever, their totals are the results of previously immigration law qualify as nonquota immi-
Immigra-
to citizenship decreeing that aliens for mi- minimum quota areas being joined, and are grants, but have had to seek such Immigra-
into law
were also ineligible for immi- not national origins computations. tion opportunities within the small quotas
gration. The Asia-Pacific triangle compounds the of their ancestral lands, they are not now reg-
Except for the special exceptions made for hardships imposed by the minimal alloca- istered with their birth country from emi-
the Chinese (1943) and for East Indians and tions of the national origins system by at- gration to the United States. Accordingly, if
for Filipinos (1946), the first major break- tributing for immigration purposes all Asian the numerical limitation to be imposed is
through against racism in our Immigration persons, no matter where born, to the coup- near or less than the actual New World im-
program resulted from the enactment of the try of their ancestry. migration at this time, the chances that those
Immigration and Nationality (Walter-McCar- No wonder Japan's waiting list for quota of Asian ancestry would be issued passports
ran) Act of 1952. That historic legislation immigration is backlogged beyond 1990. and visas are at least rather slim.
eliminated race as a qualification for citizen- That for the Philippines is oversubscribed JACL thus recommends that provisions be
ship through naturalization for the first for about 90 years. And the special quota made to alleviate family hardship cases if a
time in American history. It also repealed for "Chinese persons" is for all practical pur- Western Hemisphere ceiling on annual immi-
the racist barred zone concept by extending poses exhausted in perpetuity. gration is imposed.
the token quotas of the national origins sys- In the 145-year period, from 1820 to 1964, As a matter of fact, JACL doubts very
tem to all the countries of Asia and the Pa- the Immigration and Naturalization Service much that many of Asian ancestry residing
cifie, but restricting this extension by con- reports the entry of 42,994,486 immigrants in Canada and Latin America would seek
tinning the "ancestry" discrimination of the from all the world. Of this number, only entry into the United States, regardless of
limited Chinese, East, Indian, and Filipino 1,181,643 were from all of Asia, which in- any New World limitation. As a group, they
Acts for the Asia-Pacific triangle area. cludes more countries than are in the Asia- are well accepted in their respective coun-
The Asia-Pacific triangle bias, which had Pacific triangle. Those of Chinese and Japa- tries, integrated into the respective cultural
its genesis inane 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, nese ancestry accounted for 759,000 of the patterns of their native lands, and successful
requires that Asians, and only Asians, any- Asian total, with 417,233 attributable to in their respective businesses, professions,
where in the' World are chargeable to the China and 341,78'; to Japan. and industries. There is little reason for
country of their ancestry, rather than to the Of all immigrants to the United States, them to seek admission to the United States,
place of birth, as for all other prospective those of Chinese ancestry account for 0.96 where they would have to start life anew
immigrants. percent and those of Japanese ancestry 0.79 and, in many instances, learn a new Ian-
Thus, Asians are subject to double dis- percent. guage, new customs, etc. Secretary of State
crimination. They are allocated minimal According to the 1960 census, there are in Dean Rusk has estimated that only about
quotas under the national origins quota eye- the United States 464,332 persons of Japanese 5,000 would be involved if the Asia-Pacific
tem. . Then, under the "ancestry" attribu- ancestry, 237,292 of. Chinese ancestry, and triangle were abolished and no New World
tion of the triangle, others of that ancestry. 176,310 of Filipino ancestry. restrictions established.
elsewhere in the world are charged to the All persons attributable by ancestry to the Finally, even if the unlikely eventuality
small and oversubscribed quota of their an- Asia-Pacific triangle, including the Japanese, that in the near future nonpreference im-
cestral homeland, no matter how many gen- Chinese, and Filipinos, total only 1,100,000 migration opportunities may become avail-
orations removed. persons in this country, or about one-half of able, after the seven preference priorities
Because the proposal abolishes the Asia- 1 percent of all the people in the United are satisfied, JACL notes that there are two
Pacific triangle restrictions immediately, and States. provisions in the immigration bill that help
the national origins system limitations assure, perhaps inadvertently, relatively
quota, FLOOD OF ORIENTAL IMMIGRATION IMPOSSIBLE minor immigration from the Asian countries.
by June 30, 1968, JACL enthusiastically Some suggestions have been advanced that One is that such "new seed" nonpreference
favors the immigration bill. enactment of this immigration bill, repealing immigrants are to be considered for immigra-
.Indeed, passage of this legislation with its both the national origins quota system and tion opportunities "strictly in the chrono-
final repudiation of racism as a principal of the Asia-Pacific triangle and placing immi- logical order in which they qualify." If a
American immi ration and naturalization ation from the Far East on the same basis
,egr condition of qualification is to have regis-
policy has been the major legislative objective as from Europe, for instance, might well in- tered with an American consul, as we under-
of JACL since it Was orgtliized nationally in vite a "flood" of immigration from the Orient. stand it, nonpreference Europeans. will have
1930, for almost without exception the legal, Such fears, if they may be described as a 28-year headstart on Asians, as they are
economic, and social discriminations directed s
against those se, and Asian, uch, are, we believe, groundless. eligible to register for immigration since the
try in found sanction in After all, the restrictions and the exclu- Immigration Act of 1924, while Asians were
in this country ry have ances-
such Federal practices. sions of eight decades against those from Asia not eligible to do so until after the effective
cannot be corrected in a single legislative ef- date of the Walter-McCarran Act, or Decem-
DOCVMENTARY EVIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATION fort.,, And the very arithmetic ofpast immi- ber 24, 1952.
Statistical evidence of the racial discrimi- gration now precludes any substantial gain The other is that nonrelative immigrants,
nations in our immigration law explains in actual immigration opportunities for the including professionals and skilled and un-
JACL's real .concern for the immigration bill. Japanese, Chinese, and other Asians. skilled labor, as well as nonpreference aliens,
of the authorized 158,361 quota numbers The immigration bill provides that, of the must secure, prior to the issuance of a visa,
for all the nations of earth under the na- seven preference priorities, the first, second, certification from the Secretary of Labor
tio?nal origins system formula, for example, fourth, and fifth preferences, accounting for clearing such immigrants of prescribed con-
more than 50 percent of ,the world total are 74 percent of the authorized annual numeri- ditions for entry. Such certifications may be
reserved for only two countries--England and cal ceiling from Old World countries shall be rather difficult for Asians, especially from the
Ireland. More than 70 percent are reserved made available to members and close rela- less developed areas, to secure.
for only three cbuntriegL-England, Ireland, tives of American citizen and resident alien To sum up, though the immigration bill
and Germany. More than 81 percent are re- families. Only 26 percent is available for eliminates the principle of racism in our im-
served for the countries of Western and professionals, for skilled and unskilled labor migration law, which JACL applauds, in ac-
1 orthern Europe, and for all of Europe-98 in short supply, and for "conditional entries" tual operation we fear that the pattern of
percent. or refugees. immigration will remain approximately as
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 September 20
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Cd1~ bRV1t SIO AL RECORD - SENATE
it is-and has been-because of past restric-
tions and exclusions of those of Asian an-
cestry which caused the family reunification
features' of this legislation to be less mean-
ingful than they ought to be.
O TDATED ALLEGATIONS
As a native Californian, Senator ItUCHEL,
you may well remember the Yellow Peril
menace fears that were deliberately foisted
and exploited in the pre-World War II West
to explain and excuse the racial exclusion of
the Japanese, and of the Chinese and other
Orientals too, from both immigration and
naturalization.
While these slurs and slanders have now
been thoroughly discredited, nevertheless
there may be a useful purpose in reviewing
some of the more emphasized ones in the
light of the current legislation that propose
to repeal the final racist discriminations
against Asiatics in American immigration
law. From time to time, one still hears these
outdated, llegations repeated.
The most vicious of all canards was that
the Japanese especially could not be trusted
as loyal Americans in times of national emer-
ggncy, particularly if their ancestral home-
land was involved.
The unprecedented combat'record of the
Japanese-American GI, who served with out-
standing gallantry in both the European and
Pacific theaters of World War II, refutes this
charge.
While that war record is too well known to
require documentation here, it may be well
to ? remind Americans that the 442d Regi-
mental Combat Team, composed of Japanese
Americans from the continental mainland
and Hawaii, many of whom volunteered from
so-called' relocation camps to which they
and their families had been evacuated from
their, west coast homes and associations,
has been described as the most decorated
American military unit in history for its'size
and length of service. And that General
MacArthur's Chief of Staff for Intelligence
has summed up the contributions of the
Japanese-American intelligence troops in the
Pacific as having saved millions of American
casualties and billions of American dollars.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in invit-
ing Japanese Americans to volunteer for
combat duty against the enemies of America
early in'1942, declared that "Americanism is
a matter of the mind and the heart, and not
of race or ancestry.,'
By that yardstick, JapaneseAmericans are
as loyal and dedicated to the cause of the
United States as any other group of Ameri-
Today, in California and in every other
State in the Union, Japanese Americans in
their lives and in their living prove anew
the miracle of America. Involved in almost
every line of human endeavor and activity,
in your State and in every State in the Union,
they have made significant contributions,
and will continue to make substantial con-
tributions, to the betterment of the com-
munity, State, and Nation.
Personifying the kind of Americans that
those of oriental background can be and
are, and serving as living refutation of all
the stereotypes and smears once directed
against those of Asian origins, are your two
distinguished colleagues from Hawaii, Sen-
ators FONG and INOUYE.
Even more noteworthy than perhaps the
accomplishments is that they were achieved
in spite of special laws and ordinances, and
economic and social practices, which were
deliberately exploited to make more diffictllt,
and to prevent the assimilation of the
Japanese-Americans.
Indeed, according to a special compilation
of a Cornell Law School professor, even as
late as 1946, there were some 500 Federal,
State, and local laws that directly or in-
directly restricted and circumscribed the
lives and opportunities of those of Japanese
ancestry in the United States, citizens as
well as aliens. Included were the so-called
alien land laws which not only prevented
resident alien Japanese from purchasing and
owning real property but also restricted the
right of their citizen children in these re-
spects; prohibitions against the issuance of
licenses to carry on certain businesses, enter-
prises, and professions; bars to certain em-
ployment; housing and rental restrictions,
etc.
That Orientals can create a community
and state that is thoroughly in keeping with
American ideals and traditions, and yet not
be of the same ethnic and cultural heritage
as those who overwhelmingly dominated in
the 1920 census is witnessed in Hawaii, where
most of the people of our newest State are of
nonwhite ancestry.
There is no evidence, then, that the na-
tional origins system and the Asia-Pacific
triangle discriminations "in American immi-
gration law should be retained and continued
because of the activities-past, present, and
potential-of those of Japanese, Chinese, and
other Asian ancestry.
SUMMARY REASONS FOR IMMIGRATION BILL
JACL believes that there are many real
and positive justifications for the early en-
actment of the. Immigration bill.
""
are
ns
?' "`e'
That the Japanese,' among other Asians, Am 's b11"
It would complete the objective of eli-
i
tre
i
th
i
a
b
am
e ma
ns
nto
lated
ssim
e
could not
of America-because of their Oriental Back-
ground and heritage-was another major
allegation directed against those of Japanese
ancestry in the pre-World War II era.
The facts offer clear rebuttal.
Now group of Americans is more law abid-
ing. Japanese Americans spend more time
for education, including the college level,
than the average American. More are in. the
professions than the average. More own
their own homes, and operate their own
business enterprises. The average income,
individual and family, as well as urban and
rural, are higher than their non-Japanese
counterparts. They are more community
and civic minded, contributing more on the
average to such charities as,the Community
Chest, Red Cross, etc. At the came time, they
re.mali'l off of relief rolls and generally refuse
fi#kig? overnment aid of a relief nature.
They ugliT more war'bonds, and 'buy m ire
Government savings bonds.
By almost any legitimate criterion of ex-
emplary citizenship and Americanism,
Japanese Americans are an assimilated, inte-
grated, and accepted part of the communities
in which they live and of the Nation to which
they owe allegiance.
minating race as an accepted principle and
practice in our immigration law.
It would remove the stigma and insult of
inferiority from certain peoples and nations.
It would demonstrate that our concern for
the peoples and nations and problems of Asia
are equal to our concerns for Europe.
It would bring our practices closer to our
preachments of equality and equity.
It would strengthen U.S. leadership in the
free world.
It would bring our immigration law into
conformity with our civil rights and other
such statutes dealing with the internal op-
portunities of our citizens.
It would help unite families separated by
the vicissitudes of the existing immigration
law.
It would encourage the professionals, the
scientists, the educators, and the specially
gifted and skilled to seek entry, thereby aid-
ing our economic growth and enriching our
culture.
It would help alleviate labor shortages,
without reducing living standards, working
conditions, and wages.
It would continue the great American tra-
dition of a haven for the oppressed and the
tempest-tossed.
23617
It would bring about a greater and more
prosperous Nation.
We regret that this letter is so long and de-
tailed. But we are hopeful that it may be
helpful in securing enactment of the immi-
gration bill, H.R. 2580, as amended. We are
also hopeful that this will be the last time
that we need to urge the Congress to reject
racism in our immigration code for human-
ity, dignity, and the national interest.
With kindest personal regards.
Sincerely,
MIKE MASAOKA,
Washington Representative.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi-
dent, there are a number of Senators
who have been working on rather ex-
tensive speeches on the pending meas-
ure. A number of those speeches will be
speeches in opposition to the bill. Per-
haps some of them-I presume some of
them-will be speeches in behalf of the
bill. Merely in the hope that a Senator
may want to make a rather lengthy
speech, or even a short speech, on the
subject before we close our business for
tonight, I am going to suggest the ab-
sence of a quorum. It is my hope that
we can get on with this legislation.
There are several important measures
which must be considered-and this is
one of them-before the Senate adjourns
sine die.
I would hope we could sit until a later
hour tomorrow. I take this means of
notifying the Senate that we hope to get
a unanimous-consent agreement limiting
debate on the measure tomorrow. If we
cannot get it then, perhaps we can make
the request the following day.
Mr. President, upon that basis, I sug-
gest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi-
? dent, I ask unanimous consent that the
order for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi-
dent, I should like to refer again to the
discussion here in the Senate yesterday
concerning the actions we have taken in
the Dominican Republic.' Overnight, I
have reflected on my statements at that
time. As much as I dislike being in dis-
agreement with the distinguished chair-
man of the Foreign Relations Comnlit-
tee, I nevertheless continue to believe
that the actions of the President were
necessary in the national interest of the
United States.
We simply cannot stand Idly by and
run the risk of another Communist take-
over in the Western Hemisphere, and
we must act promptly when there are
clear indications that this may well be
taking place. I realize that many will
charge me with being "trigger-happy,"
but I believe that any other course would
lead to much worse consequences than
the Senator from Arkansas suggested
yesterday might result from our inter-
vention in the Dominican Republic.
In my view, it is essential that social
revolution, if indeed sufficient progress
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23618 CONGRFSSIONAI, RECORD - SENATE
cannot be achieved by social evolution,
in the Western Hemisphere must not be-
come a tool by which Communist domi-
nation is achieved. We all certainly
know that there are no "independent"
Communist regimes. Any Communist-
directed group which gains control of a
nation will do the bidding of either Mos-
cow, Peiping, or the Castro government
at Havana, and such foreign domination
is condemned by the unanimous action
of all the nations in the Western Hemi-
sphere.
It is a matter of judgment in each in-
dividual situation as to the action it is
necessary to take and the time to take
it. In this particular case, the Senator
from Arkansas has reached the conclu-
sion that we should have risked the take-
over. Even though I can agree that we
might have done more at an earlier stage
to use our influence to resist the ascend-
ance of the Communist elements in the
rebel forces, I would like again to state
.that I do not believe President Johnson
could have done anything other than use
the direct power of the United States as
events actually developed.
We had an experience in Louisiana
when there was an attempt to overthrow
and take over the government. Where
that occurs, and there is an attempt to
forcibly take over a government, if, the
legal authorities move soon enough and
with overwhelming force, there need be
no fight; but if there is a move with
only a small amount of force, the govern-
ment might have a battle on its hands.
While we in our State may be criticized
by some as being in a "banana republic,"
we in Louisiana have done business With
Central and South America, and we
know what the term "banana republic"
means. We have traded with Central
and South America, and we know that
at times certain interests in our State
have taken sides in these revolutions as
they have occurred.
So I believe we have an understanding
of the problems of Central and South
America.
In that connection, Mr. President, I
do wish to complain about the complete-
ly irresponsible handling of the matter
by a newspaper for which I have great
respect, the Washington Post. That
newspaper for the most part tends to re-
port the news by standards that are gen-
erally regarded as good ethics. In this
particular case the reporting has been
bad and the editorializing and writing
of the news has been so bad that it has
made 'n a wonder whether the reporter,
In reporting the debate and writing about
the events-which was done by the same
reporter, Mr. Goshko-received .his
training in the schools of the United
States or the Soviet Union. Some of
those stories have been with regard to
this Senator.'
It is beyond me to understand the
point when someone says we went in with
too much force. The safe thing to do is
to send a great number of troops, and
more than would be netted for a fight, so
that Communist elements that might,de-
cide to fire on American troops would
know' they could not defeat the forces
of the United States and, therefore would
not try it. That is the point I made.
All the press reported, as reflected by
the articles written by John Goshko of
the Washington Post, who chose the
Communist philosophy of reporting, was
that I talked about my father. He re-
ported that I said "Daddy." I do not be-
lieve I said that.
That is all the reporting we got in
answer to the statements that we sent
in too many troops.
The point is that the best thing is to
send in enough troops so that the enemy
knows it could not succeed.
The typical Communist-type reporting
said only that I made reference to my
father. I did so only by way of illustra-
tion. When there was a confrontation
with what appeared to be a ragtag army
to overthrow law and order in that state,
they were faced with overwhelming
force.
I made reference to people who were
organizing and intended to resist the
lawful authority of state government.
When the National Guard appeared,
the only person who had been hurt was
a person, who shot himself in attempt-
ing to get through a barbed-wire fence.
He had shot himself with his own gun.
No one else was injured.
When this Nation sent in substantial
forces in the Dominican Republic, the
Communists or Communist sympa-
thizers, as well as rebel elements, out of
caution, .in very few instances fired on
our troops.
Unfortunately, there were some coura-
geous Americans lost in our effort to pre-
serve freedom and democracy in the
Dominican Republic.
Then there were those of the rebel
forces who were fired on..by our ma-
rines and Army troops acting in their
own defense and the defense of those
that they went there to protect.
I made another point. If. it is thought
that there is going to be a Communist
takeover, the sooner we move and the
faster we move, the sooner and easier
it will be over.
Our intelligence information was that
the Communists were progressively gain-
ing power and control over the rebellion
and they were satisfied how difficult it
was going to be to keep the Communists
from taking charge of the rebellion
movement and to keep the Communists
from moving in during a situation of
chaos; that it was the kind of situation
in which Communists take over.
About the only reference I got by this
Soviet-type reporter of the Washington
Post was that I referred to the Confed-
eracy. Oh, yes; I made an arm-waving.
speech. I use my hands when I am
speaking extemporaneously.
The Post reporter said I referred to the
Confederacy. What I said was that a
great number of battles are lost, because
people move too slowly; or, to use the
expression that comes from World War
II, "too little and too late." Great Brit-
ain suffered much in the early days of
the war because her forces came either
too late or' were not numerous enough
to prevail in the battles that occurred.
With regard to the initiative, which
is something that is taught In any mili-
tary exercise, I merely pointed out that
there had been occasions when victory
September
20, 1965
was within the grasp of one side or the
other if it had exercised the initiative
soon enough= I gave an illustration. In
a small way, the junior Senator from
Louisiana is a student of the Civil War.
If, on the first day of the Battle of Shi-
loh, Albert Sidney Johnston had not
been bleeding to death in the saddle be-
cause he declined to relinquish cam-
mand, and if Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard,
a resident of my State, had not found
himself in command and for lack of bet-
ter information called off the attack on
the first day, but had waited until the
atmosphere had been cleared of smoke,
and had renewed the attack on the fol-
lowing day, and if General Beauregard
had instead pursued the attack, he
would have driven General Grant's army
into the river. At least, that is what
most military experts think. That
would then have been a great southern
victory of the magnitude of the Battle
of Bull Run; and the North having suf-
fered nothing but major defeats, with
one victory by Grant at Fort Doneison,
the South would have been encouraged,
and the capture of Vicksburg and the
many other successes that Grant en-
joyed thereafter would probably never
have occurred. Grant would probably
have been relieved of his command and
have been dishonored as a result of hav-
ing been totally unprepared for the
attacks that fell upon him in more hos-
tilities than one. I cited that merely as
an example by which people exercise the
initiative and prevail, when otherwise
they would not.
The Soviet-type reporter for the
Washington Post said I spoke about the
Confederacy. I gave that as an example
to prove that, by moving timely, rather
than moving late, one could prevail in
what he was seeking to do.
I regret that the Washington Post
seems to feel so prejudiced about the
matter that it cannot report both sides
of the debate. The Post is a responsible
newspaper. In the main, I have ob-
served that it has conducted itself ac-
cording to the highest standards of
journalism. I regret very much to see
this exception.
There is no doubt in my mind that
the President had the information he
needed to know that this Nation was in
danger. Seeing the nature of the repub-
lics that have been taken behind the
Iron Curtain, the President, in my judg-
ment, saved this country from allowing
one more nation to undergo communism
by moving so timely as he did. The fact
that he moved so soon and with such
complete justification, both to protect
American lives and to help restore order
and enable the people of the Dominican
Republic to elect whatever govern-
ment those people want in free elections,
was, in my judgment, a great contrii-
bution to freedom and democracy in this
hemisphere.
The people of the Dominican Repub-
lic would never have had the right to
elect a government of their choosing
had the Communist brutality succeeded.
The record shows that in every coun-
try in which the Communists have pre-
vailed, up to this time, the government
has been one which has denied the
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Sevtem ber 20, 1965 t/OGRSST
people their right to a free election and
a free choice of government. This was
accol'1ished by force of arms, through
-the movement of troops, or else by
sabotage and subversion, in'which people
were murdered. The result was that the
people were denied the right to choose
their own government.
No_one can predict with any certainty
.what the people of the Dominican Re-
public will do when they vote on their
choice of a government within 9
months; but at least they will have a
chance to choose. If the Communists
take over the Dominican. Republic, they
will have to do it by winning an election,
not by murder, assassination, and armed
revolt; not by denying the people the
rights that a free people should enjoy
in Cuba and everywhere else in the
Western Hemisphere.
.
g
a
.
Lance A. Eagan Robert D. Markoff Frederic
RECESS Richard B. O'Keefe Raymond J. Houttek- John W. Haggerty, III Vincent J. Pross, Jr.
Hugh L. Thomas, Jr. her Lawrence A. Hall Heman J. Redfield, III
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Presi- William J. Wallace, Jr. David K. Carey Wayne L. Halls Pierre D. Reissner, Jr.
dent, I move move that the Senate stand in Eugene Hornstein Louis M. Casale Andrew E. Hare* Clarke A. Rhykerd
recess until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow. John A. Wuestneck John M. McCann Elwin B. Hart David M. Ridderhof
The motion was agreed to; and (at 6 Michael J, Schiro Peter M. Bernstein Harold A. Hatch Edward J. Rigby
o'clock and 38 minutes p.m.) the Senate Harold L. Bonnet Robert E. McDonough, George A. P. Haynes Thomas E. Ringwood
took a recess until tomorrow, Tuesday, Arthur W. Mergner; Jr. Jr. George E. Hayward Dwight E. Roberts
September 21, 1965, at 12 o'clock me- Elmer Sorensen, Jr. Joseph R. Finelli Keith H. Helms Kenneth L. Robinson,
ridian. Frederick A. Kelley Wayne P. Stevens Hans W. Henzel Jr.
James H. Lightner Jack W. Whiting, Jr. Stanley A. Herman William K. Rockey
Raymond D. Bland Phillip J. Bull William M. Herrin, Jr.Charles A. Rosenfield
NOMINATIONS James F. Greene, Jr. Harry N. Hutchins III Charles O. Hiett Earl F. Roth, Jr.
Arthur E. Henn Thomas W. Watkins Henry Hoppe III Edward J. Rutty
Executive nominations received by the John T. Mason III William W. Horn Victor A. Ruvo
Senate September 20, 1965: Joseph H. Sanford David W. Hastings ? George W. Houck Raymond M. Ryan
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION Joseph J. Smith David M. Hurst Dwight E, Howard Joseph L. Sadowski
Charles A. Webb, of Virginia, to be an In- Lawrence J. Dallaire, Richmond D. Green- Robert E. Howard, Jr. George T. Sargent, Jr.
terstate Commerce Commissioner for a term Jr. ough, Jr. David J. Hunter William F. Saunders,
of 7 years expiring December 31, 1972. (Re- Peter C. Hennings Thomas J. Keeney Robert E. Hunter Jr.
appointment.) Walter M. Coburn John G. Schmidtman David J. Hytrek Cornelius F. Savage,
U.S. MARSHAL Henry B. Traver Robert F. Boysen, Jr. Edgar K. Jacks Jr.
Emmett E. Shelby, of Florida, to be U.S. William H. Spence James C. McElroy Mallett C. Jackson, Jr.John P. Schied
marshal for the northern district of Florida Wade M. Moncrie.f, Jr. James F., Sanders Charles V. Jarman Baxter W. Seaton
David S. Gemmell Hugh W. Nabors John M. Johnson, Jr. Ronald I. Severson
. (Reappointment.)
for the term of 4 years
Donald F. Miller, of Washington, to be U.S. Richard V. Consigli Francis J. Stadnicki Warren R. Johnson Charles A. Sewell
marshal for the western district of Washing- Carl H. Burkhart Bly R. Elder Charles M. C. Jones, Ural W. Shadrick
Joseph P. Di~bella Gary L. Rowe Jr. Richard W. Sheppe
mnentfor, the term of 4 years. (Reappoint- Neal Mahan Branson E. Epler Richard E. Jones Warren C. Sherman
.) f:cnrae E Archer Jr. Stephen L. Richmond Nick J. Kapetan George H. Shutt, Jr.
Jr
n
sue suuuw,?S-?au.ou u. --
Guard for , promotion to the grade of The following named officers of the Marine Paul X. Kelley Albert C. Smith, Jr.
lieutenant: Corps for temporary appointment to the Calhoun J. Killeen Edward E. Smith
t 14 tz ' D Smith
ua -
n E
t
K
Frank C. Morgret III
William H. Low, Jr.
Earle W. Keith III
Bruce W. Thompson
Gregory J.Sanok
Joseph Marotta
James C. Carpenter
rin .
o q
oo
Grover C.
Joseph B. Donaldson grade of lieutenant colonel subjec
Jerald L. Kendall S-cation therefor as provided by law: George R. Lamb George W. Smith
Stanley E. Wood, Jr. Charles W. Abbott Raymond A. Cameron Joseph M. Laney, Jr. Richard J. Smith
John L. Bailey James W. Abraham Richard E. Campbell James W. Laseter Thomas G. Snipes
Ronald C. Addison James R. Aichele David I. Carter Randlett T. Lawrence William F. Sparks
Patrick H. Cannon, Jr. Harry L. Alderman Clement C. Chamber- Frederick D. Leder Eugene O. Speckart
Frank R. Peasley Richard D. Alexander lain, Jr. Harris J. Levert, Jr. Newell D. Staley, Jr.
M Lindell Donald C Stanton
?
Derrill R. Kramer James K. Woodle
Rulofl W. Whiteman Edward R. Pusey, Jr.
Kenneth L. Lambert- Pat Murray
son James R. Shontell
Ynh,ri IWr Icai1h R.irhard E.Vai By
/01146;: CIA-RDP 0001.00290003-7
'AT. VFf' )RD MR
Robert A. as' ek Glenn E. Haines L`e1 Oy M lyuffy Willard D. Merrill
Alexander C. McKean, Timothy G. McKinna Jimmie W. Duncan James F. Meyers, Jr.
"-_? J
h., a Michaud
o
Larry D. Brooks Richard E. Shrum
Francis W. Mooney David T. Boyle
Ronald M. Potter William A. Borchers
Richard C. Blaschke Edward K. Roe, Jr.
Stephen H. Hines Michael O. Murtagh
George A. Casimir Joseph L. Crowe, Jr.
Robert K. Blaschke Anthony J. Soltys
Thomas P. Keane William H. Roth
Thomas H. Lloyd, Jr. William C. Herring
Thomas W. Boerger James A. Umberger
John G. Denninger, Kwang Ping Hsu
Jr. Albert F. Baker
Arthur R. Gandt William S. Murray
John W. Brittain George E. Mason
Lawrence M. Schilling Norman H. Huff
David W. Robinette Clifford E. Banner
Don M Keehn
H Whitten
-
D
t
. _---__
-
, ~.. ?-_w
Harvey L. waunqu,s
Jr. Daniel M. White William R. Grubaugh Roger W. Peard, Jr.
John P. Ryan Thomas F. McGrath Robert E. Gruenler Edward F. Penico
Harry A. Allen III Edward M. Guell Arthur R. Petersen
Joseph L. Valenti Thomas S. Whipple Thomas I. Gunning George R. Phillips
Preis
an L
den Rea
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H
,
'IN THE MARINE CORPS William C. Keith, Jr. Emmett B. Slgmo
n?n T. Keller Warren J. Skvaril
Arthur W. Anthony,Byron T. Chen Alan
Jr. Gregory J. Cizek Carl R. Lundquist Marvin H. Stevens
Peter F. C. Armstrong Harold C. Colvin Dean C. Macho Harold E. Stine
Maurice C. Ashley, Jr. Jack W. Conard James H. MacLean Donald R. Stiver
Freddie J. Baker Andrew B. Cook Byron L. Magness John H. Strope ------ I _T,
Frederick H. O. Mayr Franklin E.'i'aylor fames in. ssassuass a..~~ ,? r
Ralph E. Knorr Donald C. Addison William D. Bassett, Jr. William R. Corson Donald E. Marchette Oral R. Swigart, Jr.
Jack A. Eckert James F. Hunt Arnold E. Bench Franklin G. Cowie, Jr. James W. Marsh Leonard C. Taft
Francis W. J. Nicely Gerald W. Barney Lee R. B'eridell Harry O. Cowing, Jr. James G. Martz, III Aubrey W. Talbert,
Hal M. Floyd Frederick S. Bowman Garland T. Beyerle William E. Cross, Jr. Jerry F. Mathis Jr.
Leeland N. Gregg, Jr. Roy L. Foote Darrel E. Bjorklund Philip M. Crosswait Frank D. McCarthy Richard B. Talbott
William C. Donnell Allen E. Rolland Louis A. Bonin George D. Cumming Bain McClintock Robert W. Taylor
Vincent R. Abraham- James L Walker Eugene R. Brady Bruce F. Cunliffe Daniel F. McConnell Jay J. Thomas, Jr.
son William L. Avery Robert B. Brennan Ralph L. Cunningham, William G. MCCO01 Francis H. Thurston
Donald H. Ramsden David W. Proudfoot Edward J. Bronars Jr. Norman B. McCrary Donald K. Tooker
George R. Grochowski tames A. Motntosh Robert G. Brown John K. Davis Robert L. McElroy Marshall J. Treado
Homer A. Purdy James L. Mueller Travis D. Brown Thomas J. been, Jr. James R. McEnaney Rodolfo L. Trevino
Richard F. Young Richard J. Kiessel Clement C. Buckley,Claude E. Deering, Jr. Donald N. McKeon Luther G. Troen
John H. Malloy III Joseph H. Discenza Jr. Francis L. Delaney Joseph V. McLernan George F. Tubley
Roger D. Williams David H. Withers Thomas J. Burckell Lewis H. Devine Paul G. McMahon Kenneth E. Turner
' oger'T. bstro'm Leonard J. Pichini Donald J. Burger Birchard B. De Witt Alexander P. McMillan David M. Twomey
Donald" V. emner . ' W1111-in S.Halght Conrad P. Buschmann Lawrence R. Dorsa Russell W. McNutt Wendell N. Vest
David I. Tomlinson Frederick D. Smith Kenneth M. Buss Joshua W. Dorsey, III Edward J. Megarr Hal W. Vincent
George H. Martin C~arhs W. Morgan John E. Buynak ? Edward J. Driscoll, Jr. David G. Mehargue Michael J. Vrabel
Cari J. nmma nsuuaau - .....,. ......
Clyde L. Ever Donald C. Miller
Gilbert W. Ferguson John H. Miller
William B. Fleming Robert R. Montgomery
Kenneth S. Foley Anthony A. Monti
Eugene D. Foxworth, Ira L. Morgan, Jr.
Jr. Roddey B. Moss
Richard H. Francis Ross L. Mulford
Walter A. Gagne, Jr. Joseph Nastasi
Joseph J. N. Gambar-Robert C. Needham
della Harry J. Nolan
Jesse L. Gibney, Jr. Victor Ohanesian
Robert N. Good Robert W. Oliver
Carlton D. Goodiel, Jr. James R. Omara
Fred Grabowski Charles H. Opfar, Jr.
Fredric A. Green Thomas A. Palmer
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 23620
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CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD - SENATE September 20, 1965
Theodore R. Wall Thomas B. White, Jr.
Ralph D. Wallace William V. H.. White
award R. Watson Robert D. Whitesell
Robert A. Walker Charles K. Whitfield
Charles A. Webster Charles S. Whiting
William Wentworth Daniel M. Wilson
JamenS. Wilson
Harry D. Woods
grade of lieutenant colonel subject to quali-
Frederick M, Woelle
Richard B. Wyatt
fication therefor as provided by law:
Henry E. Wold
Albert.3,,Zlogar
William C. Adams
Wesley D. Lamoureux
James W. Wood
John T. 7,arack
Eugene D. Anderson
George M. Olszewski
The following-named officers of the Marine
William C. Bittick, Jr.
Johnny L. Carter
Harry D. Persons
James W. Wilson
Corps for permanent appointment to the
Walter W. Fleetwood
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