COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000100260028-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 37
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 29, 2004
• Sequence Number: 28
• Publication Date: May 5, 1959
• Content Type: OPEN

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COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
HEARING
SUBCOMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE
ADMINISTRATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY
ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS
COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
UNITED STATES SENATE
EIGHTY-SIXTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
TESTIMONY OF PETR S. DERIABIAN
Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary
i
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1999
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COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY
JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman
ESTES KEFAUVER, Tennessee ALEXANDER WILEY, Wisconsin
OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina WILLIAM LANCER, North Dakota
THOMAS C. RENNINCS, JE., Missouri EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois
JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska
JOSEPH C. O'MAHONEY, Wyoming KENNETH B. KEATING, New York
SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina
JOHN A. CARROLL, Colorado
THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut
PHILIP A. HART, Michigan
SUBCOMMITTEE To INVESTIGATE THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY
ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS
JAMES O. EASTLAND, Mississippi, Chairman
OLIN D. JOHNSTON, South Carolina ROMAN L. HRUSKA, Nebraska
JOHN L. McCLELLAN, Arkansas EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN, Illinois
SAM J. ERVIN, JR., North Carolina KENNETH B. KEATING, New York
THOMAS J. DODD, Connecticut
J. C. SOUR.WINE, Chief Counsel
BENJAMIN MANDEL, Director of Research
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MAY 12,1959.
Resolved by the internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on
the Judiciary, That the testimony of Petr S. Deriablan given in executive ses-
sion on May 5, 1959, is hereby released to be printed as part of the public hearing
record of the subcommittee.
JAMES 0. EASTLAND, Chairman.
THOMAS J. DODD, Vice Chairman.
OLIN D. JOHNSTON.
JOAN L. MCCLELLAN.
SAM J. ERVIN.
ROMAN L. HRUSKA.
EVERETT MCKINLEY DIRKSEN.
KENNETH B. KEATING.
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COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES
TUESDAY, MAY 5,. 1959
U.S. SENATE,
SUECOMMITTE;G To INVESTIGATE Tim ADMINISTRATION,
OP THE INTERNAL SECURITY ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL
SECURITY LAWS, OF THE COMMITTED ON THE JUDICIARY,
Washington, D.C.
The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 3:05 p.m., in room
141, Senate Office Building, Senator Thomas J. Dodd presiding.
Also present: J. G. Sourwine, chief counsel; Benjamin Mandel,
director of research; Frank W. Schroeder, chief investigator; Rob-
ert C. McManus, investigation analyst; and William F. McManus,
research assistant.
Senator DODD. The subcommittee will come to order.
,,,
We will first swear the witness. Will you stand and raise your
righ t hand, please.
You do solemnly swear that the testimony you give before this
committee will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the
truth, so help you God?
Mr. DERTABIAN. I do.
Senator DODD. Will you give us your name and address?
TESTIMONY OF PETR S. DERIABIAN, WASHINGTON, D.C.
Mr. DERTABIAN. My name is Petr S. Deriabian. I live now in
Washington, D. C.
I was born February 13, 1921, in Russia, in the village of Lokot, in
Altai, Kray Province. Its name then was Altai. It is now Altai
Kray.
Senator DODD. You may proceed.
Mr. SouRwnnE. Mr. Deriabian, have you been an officer of the
NKVD, later known as the Ministry of State Security ?
Mr. DERIAT3IAN. Yes. I was a member of the state security from
1944 until February 1954.
Mr. SoURWINE. What rank did you reach in that organization?
Mr. DERIABTAN. The last of my rank was major of state security.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Would you describe, briefly your career with that
organization?
Mr. DERTABIAN. I attended a counterintelligence school in 1944-45
in Moscow. At that time it was under state security control.
After finishing that school, I was working as a case officer in the
"operupolnomocheny"; in the naval counterintelligence.
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2 ,COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
Then 1 ,was since 1945 to 1946, I was the chief of the Komsomol,
Communist youth organization of the naval counterintelligence di-
rectorate, in Moscow.
And in May 1946, I leftMoscow and went to my place where I was
born in Altai Province. I was working there in the state security
organization of Altai Kray from May 1946 to February 1947.
First I was a chief of surveillance group and then chief of adminis-
tration of the Province headquarters of the state security in the city
of Barnaul, capital of Altai Province.
Mr. SouRRwINF. Yes, go ahead.
Mr. DERAniAN. And in March 1947, I was called to Moscow where
I started to work in the counterintelligence section of Okrana, the
Kremlin security guard, which is taking care of members of the
Politbureau.
I was working there from March 1947 until April 1952.
Then I was transferred to the intelligence directorate, actually as
an officer of the Austro-German section, where I was working as
deputy chief of the German sector.
In September 1953, I was transferred to Vienna, to MVD head-
quarters in Vienna, in Austria. There I was working as counterin-
telligence officer. And I left MVD in February 1954. That is all.
Mr. SouztwINE. Mr. Deriabian, while you were in Barnaul, did you
have occasion to learn of action by the MGB against believers of
Orthodox church and Baptists and Seventh Day Adventists?
Mr. DERTABIAN. Yes, while I was working in Barnaul in 1946-47,
I was working as chief administrative officer under Colonel Ruzin,
who was the chief of state security at that time.
At that time in my position I read all papers which was coming
into security from Moscow and other Provinces, and outgoing from
there. It was my business at that time.
In that time, in 1946 and 1947, in Barnaul, in the state security, we
had a subsection 0 which was taking care of religious activities in
Altai Kray. The chief of that subsection at that time was Captain
Gavrilov, who was working under Colonel Ruzin, too.
In MGB in Moscow, at that time, there was a section 0 of the state
security. The chief of that section was General Karpov, and under
him was every security officer in the region and the Province sections,
or subsections O.
This subsection was taking care of all activities of Baptists and
religious orders.
In that time in Altai Kray, when I was working there in 1946 and
1947, according to the liberalization, which was 1943, during the war
when freedom for religious activity, even in the Soviet Union, was
had, the activists in Altai Province of the Communist Party organi-
zation was wondering about that, and captain Gavrilov at that time
issued a report to Colonel Ruzin, describing all religious activities in
Altai Kray.
At that time, the head of the party in Altai Kray, Belayev, who was
later a member of the Presidium to the Communist Party-Mr.
Belayev had given instructions to Colonel Ruzin to investigate all
religious activities and give a full report to the Communist Party
bureau in Altai Kray. And Captain Gavrilov issued recommended
countermeasures. Colonel Ruzin was a member of the Altai Kray
party committee in Altai Province.
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COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY 3
Mr. SOURWINE. Did you see this report?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes, I saw this report, I read that report. Actually
I was reading it together with Colonel Ruzin. And there were others
who were working for me in my office.
Mr. SouRwINE. Will you tell us about this report?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That report describes all religious activities in the
towns. One town was Kamen town, which was approximately 850
kilometers from Barnaul. It is a small town. That report described
the activities of the Orthodox and the Baptists. Old believers' activi-
ties there, besides their actions, in the report looked not like a religious
activity, but more anti-Soviet.
They had opened the places of worship where the religious people
went to read the Bible and so on and so on. There were a few
churches opened in that small town.
In the same way, Captain Gavrilov found that some old believers
had harbored a deserter. He came in sometime during the war and
was there, and the believers did not show him to the government, the
local people. And Captain Gavrilov suggested that they had found
the soldier, and it was possible to say that all of the believers are anti-
Soviet and to take action. That is, to take some kind of prophylactic,
or preventive, action.
And in the Altai Kray party committee, after reading these re-
ports-actually Colonel Ruzin delivered that report to the party com-
mittee and made that decision, that Colonel Ruzin, as chief of the
state security in Barnaul, should take some action as to the religious
activities in Altai Kray.
Mr. SouizwlNE. In other words, Captain Gavrilov recommended
counteraction against the religions?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right; that is right.
Mr. SouRWINE. And it was then decided that such countermeasures
were to be taken?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SoURwINE. Can you tell us when this was-this was in the year
1943, was it, or 1944?
Mr. DERIABIAN. No, no ; it was 1946..
Mr. SouRwINE. 1946?
Mr. DERIABIAN. December 1946.
Mr. SOURWINE. What was the nature of the countermeasures that
were decided upon?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, actually, the committee of Altai Kray region,
they did not suggest what kind of measures should be taken, because
they do not work this way. They never say how to do, what kind of
measures.
Colonel Ruzin was a member of the party committee. He himself
made the decision. Captain Gavrilov made a plan, and the Provin-
cial committee approved the adoption of countermeasures.
It encompassed party activists and the Komsomol, and it made a
nice operation. And it was to investigate the religious activists, to
investigate them.
Mr. SoURwINE. By "activists of religion" you mean religious
leaders?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Leaders; that is right.
Mr. SOURWINE. The priests and the ministers?
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4, COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, actually I would say it isn't possible to call
them priests or ministers. Some of them who were strong believers,
the people appointed themselves to be religious priests or to substitute
for the priests.
Mr. Souii wiNE. The lay leaders of the church, as we would say?
Mr. DERIaBIAN. That is right. The Baptist and all believer organi-
zations, they did not meet in churches, but in some kind of a house,
and sometimes met together and read the Bible, like that.
Mr. SouiwINE. You say that some of these.people were arrested?
Mr. DERIaBIAN. Actually, they arrested about 16 leaders and acti-
vists who were strong believers and brought them to Barnaul City.
They decided to put them into the jail that we now had at headquar-
ters, but that jail was too little. And the chief of the militia said we
could use his militia jail to put these people under investigation.
Mr. SouRwINE. So they were put in the military prison?
Mr. DERIaBIAN. No, the militia.
Mr. SOURWINE. That is the police ~]'ail?
Mr. DERIABIAN. The police jail. Some of them stayed in the other,
but there was not enough place, and the others they put in the police
jail.
Mr. SouRwiNE. That would be the common jail of the town, would
you say ?
Mr. DERIaBIAN. No, I would say, actually it is a house of detention.
People are put there while being investigated, but as a matter of fact,
some of them stayed there for 4 years.
Mr. SoulwINF. I think, perhaps, the record should show at this
time-correct me if I am wrong-that quite contrary to our system in
this country, under the Soviet system when a man is arrested he is
immediately put into detention;. he is under the control of the prose-
cutor; he is not entitled to an attorney until the investigation is fin-
ished, and he may be detained for a substantial period of time.
Mr. DERIaBIAN. In this case, I would like to describe to you that,
because the" prosecutor generally was a member of the committee of
Barnaul, too. They worked together. He signed that paper to arrest
and what should be done, because if he will not, it means he is not
making order out of the party committee order. It was actually
sometimes possible to see the prisoners, but it was his duty.
And it was so that you could say, "Let us look around and save
some work."
Mr. SounwINE. In this country we have pretrial procedure which is
before the court, and the accused has all the protections of the law.
In the Soviet Union the pretrial procedure is under the police. It is
under the control of the prosecutor, and the accused has no protection
and no rights at all.
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right.
Mr. SouRWINE. Until the investigation is completed.
Mr. DERIaBIAN. You are right.
Mr. SOURWINE. Go ahead.
Mr. DERraBIAN. Now, from these 16 believers who were arrested at
that time, some of them were sentenced from 5, 7, and 8 years in
jail, and some of them-I think 3 or 4 who were very old women-
they freed them.
Mr. SouawINE. They convicted 12 or 13 out of the 16 ?
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COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY 5
Mr. DERIABIAN. Out of the 16.
Mr. SouRwINE. And gave them long jail-prison sentences?
Mr. DE, RIABIAN. Some of them 5, 6, 7, and 8 years.
Mr..Sou WINE. What had they done for which they were punished
in this way?
Mr. DERIABIAN. They were punished on anti-Soviet activities.
Mr. SOURWINE. Simply for being religious leaders?
Mr. DERTABIAN. Simpl for being religious leaders, and that they
made religious propaganda to the population of that city-asked them
to join a religious organization or a church, while the people had to
go to work, working in the collective farms and so on, and so on.
Mr. SounwINn. Asking people to join the church, then, was char-
acterized as an antistate activity?
Mr. DERTABIAN. That is right; you are right.
Mr. SOT RWINE. Would you say this was an isolated instance in
Kamen town, or was this simply a sample, illustrative of the end of
that period of religious toleration which you spoke about earlier?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Pardon me, no; it was typical for the Soviet
Union, not just right in Altai Kray.
Mr. SoURWINE. It was typical?
Mr. DERIABIAN. In other provinces.
Mr. SouRwINE. This just happened to be a particular instance
which came to your notice?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right:
Mr. SouRWINE. All right, go ahead.
Mr. DERIABIAN. About the religious activity, I would like to state
that while I was in Barnaul, late in 1946, the chief, Colonel Ruzin,
received a letter from General Karpov, whom I mentioned' before as
chief of the religious section of the state security in Moscow, and in
that letter General Karpov stated that one resident of Barnaul has
sent a letter asking for admission to the Orthodox Seminary in Mos-
cow. He asked consent to attend that.
General Karpov wrote to Colonel Ruzin to check the background
of the young man. Actually at that time he was about 31 or 32 years
old, and to recruit him as a source or an agent of MGB, before he
could go to Moscow.
Colonel Ruzin; actually ordered to do the job, sent it to Captain
Gavrilov, with instructions to check and report.
Approximately 1 month later a letter was sent to Moscow, to Gen-
eral Karpor, from Colonel Ruzin, and Colonel Ruzin reported that
this candidate was a, religious fanatic.
Mr. SOURwINE. A religious fanatic?
Mr. DERIABIAN. And that he saw no reason to recruit him as an
agent, because he will not help.
Mr. SouRwINE. Before you go on, you mentioned Major General
Karppov. Is this the same Major General Karpov who was described
by Vladimar Petrov, the Soviet diplomat who defected in Australia,
as a permanent officer of the NKVD, who over a long period had made
an' assiduous and exhaustive study of Russian Orthodox ceremonies,
ordinances, and teachings, and was able to converse earnestly and
learnedly tivith church dignitaries on their own ground?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, Major General-Ka ov is the same man who
was the chief of the council on Orthodox Church under the Council
of Ministers in the Soviet Union.
40362-5,9-2
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Well, I would say one thing more, that at the same time he was
boss of MGB Section 0, in the state security in Moscow, he also has to
answer before the Central Committee of the Communist Party about
all religious activities in the Soviet Union.
Mr. SotnzWINE. I think the record should show at this point that
this description of Major General Karpov by Petrov was corrobor-
ated by Colonel Yuri Rastvorov before this committee on April 12,
1956, in our series on "Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States,"
part 14, pages 780 and 781.
Now in 1947 you say you were transferred to Moscow?
Mr. DEi nABIAN. In 1947 I was transferred to Moscow.
Mr. SOIXR.WINE. And you worked there in the counter intelligence
section of Okrana?
Mr. DEItIABIAN. I was working under a section of the Okrana.
Mr. SovtwINE. In the Kremlin palace guard?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SovttwINE. For how long?
Mr. DEI IABIAN. From 1947 until April 1952.
Mr. SOURWINE. Did your duties involve the investigation of candi-
dates for membership in Okrana and a periodic check on the members
of Okrana?
Mr. DERIABIAN. It was my duty-well generally, those who went to
work in Okrana, and who were already working in Okrana. We
checked them about once a year. Some of them who worked to the
leaders twice a year.
In this ease, say, about religious, sometimes I received a letter from
General Karpov's section, because somebody in his home, a child, or
some wife', or other person, a grandmother attended the church.
Actually, all reports about religion went from General Karpov's
office, his Section O. Or if they had an ikon in their home, that was
sufficient. ,
Mr. SOURWINE. Can you tell, Mr. Deriabian, what was the attitude
of Okrana with regard to religious activities by its members or agents,
was it frowned upon?
Mr. DERTABIAN. All members of Okrana at that time were members
of the Communist Party or a member of Komsomol, the Communist
youth organization. It is impossible-if you are not a member, you
cannot work for Okrana.
Another thing, in the investigation, or through checking we found
that some officers or some person who was going to work in Okrana,
was religious, or his wife was religious, or they had a child, or they
had ikons, they could not work for Okrana. While they stayed in
Okrana if we found they had religious feelings, or something else like
it, they could not stay in the Communist Party or the Komsomol, they
lost their job.
Mr. SOURSVINE. In other words, you could not have religious con-
nections or participate in religious observances and remain a member
of the Communist Party or of Okrana?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right. Of course, I believe some of us
were believers, and so on.
Mr. SOURWINE. You mean that even some of the members of Okrana
had a depth of religious belief which led them to do these things
which the organization prohibited?
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Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes. Well, actually, it. was impossible-some of
them believed in God, and they are religious.
Mr.'SourwINE. But if they were found out?
Mr. DERIABIAN. If they are found out, fire them.
Mr. SOURWINE. What can you tell us about the ramifications of
Major General Karpov's organization?
Mr. DERTABIAN. Well, section 0 was organized April 1947. Before
that it was another special religious section under the secret police.
Before 1947 it was the secret police of the NKVD we called it at that
time.
In 1947 it was being reorganized. And they started to call it
MGB, the Ministry of State Security. And they organized a sec-
tion-actually started organizing it in 1946, and actually completed
it sometime in March 1947. And Major General Karpov was ap-
pointed to be the boss of that section.
This section has subsections and other sections. Each republic, for
instance, has a section or a subsection. It is according to the religious
activity in each republic. If there is more religious activities in
some area, there are more. And each Province has General Karpov's
officers in every city, where they work in KGB, taking care of all
church activities or activists' work.
Most of the priests in the Soviet Union, and the religious people
who help the priests, they are some kind of agents of KGB or the
MGB, or were at that time.
It is impossible in the Soviet Union to serve God without serving
the state security. You give some information for state security about
religious activities; otherwise you cannot attend the church. Some
of the priests became agents of the state security because there was
nothing else for them to do.
When the state security recruited priests and ministers as their
agents, they always said, "You will serve us or we will put you in
jail, according to your activities."
Mr. SoURwINE. In other words, all church activity was subjected
and subjugated under an arm of the state?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SoURwINE. And all church activities of the various denomina-
tions were coordinated by the state, and they were, also, sharply cur-
tailed, were they not-the activities of the churches were cut down-
they were prohibited from doing the things they had done before?
Mr. DERIABIAN. No; they were never given permission, as you said.
It was, always, since 1931 or 1932, under state security and the Com-
munist Party.
Mr. SouRwiNE. At all times since 1931 or 1932 ?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes.
Mr. SOURWINE. Even during the so-called period of tolerance?
Mr. DERIABIAN. This was just propaganda.
Mr. SouiwiNE. That was just propaganda?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right. Actually, General Karpov, being
boss of the religious sections at the same time, was the head of the
higher Communist Party school, which is under the central committee
of the Soviet Communist Party. It was merely making a gesture
about activities and how to make antireligious propaganda.
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8 COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
Mr. SorniwlNE. As I understand it, or understand you to say, no
one was allowed tb be a priest or to participate, substantially in re-
ligious activity unless he served the NKVD?
Mr., DEIUABIAN. I said so. Well, according to my experiences, I
met some of these priests and bishops in the Soviet Union, sometimes
when they were in Austria, and they were NKVD agents.
And I know exactly that all persons who were going into the semi-
nary or attending the theological schools, before they go there, they
were checked, all of them, and if it is possible, recruit all of them,
because it happened like this-all of the people who like to join in
the seminary or the theological institute, they write a report to the
Council on Orthodox Affairs headed by General Karpov, who
is on the Council of Ministers. General Karpov is the boss of the
section and at the same time he gives orders as to the province sections,
to check all of the people, and to include them and ask them to serve
MGB.
Sometimes, as far as I know, from Karpov's section of security, they
started at the theological schools and seminaries, and would spend a
few years and become a priest and at the same time they were officers
of state security.
Mr. SouiwixE. They remained officers of state security while they
studied for the priesthood and actually after they became priests?
Mr. DERTABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SouxwINE. I want to be sure I understand this matter of the
parallel organizations. You had many local branches of section 0;
is that right?
Mr. DERTABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SOURWINE. Then you, also, had General Karpov's Council on
Orthodox Affairs ?
Mr. DERTABIAN. That is right.
Mr. S0URwINE. Which paralleled the organization of section 0;
is that right?
Mr. DEI UABIAN. Well, no; it is not exactly right. If you say
Soviet Government, this is state security. Here is General Karpov
under the Soviet Government, the Council of Ministers. He is boss
of the Council on Orthodox Affairs. Here he is the top of the section.
Mr. SouawiNE. The same roan?
Mr. DER*ABIAN. The same man.
Mr. SouitwINE. He wears two hats?
Mr. DERABIAN. That is right. Then he has a branch here in all
of the provinces to coordinate activities. And lie at the same time
has branches, you see, how to stop religious activities.
Mr. SOURWINE. Yes.
Mr. DERIABIAN. In the same region.
Mr. SOURWINE. On one side as the active head of the church, the
state church, lie was promoting religion?
Mr. DERrABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SouRwlNi,. And on the other side he was inhibiting religion?
Mr. DER;IABIAN. That is riglit.
Mr. SoURWINE. Did he do both jobs equally well?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I would say so-well, they did not shoot him yet.
Mr. SOURWINE. Was he a better inhibitor of religion than a pro-
moter of religion?
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UNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
9
Mr. DERIABIAN. I would say he is more for communism than-he
works for the Communist Party, the central committee. Of course, it
is impossible-it would not be correct if you say all of the bosses of
these branches, you see, members of the state security-some of them,
they are really just persons, but most of them are members of the
Communist Party, and each section would like to know the kind of
activities that is going on, to open the church. Here they get in-
formation to take measures to stop this thing. And then they will
answer to the office what to do and how to do it, what kind of answer
to give the believers.
Mr. SouRwINE. In other words another point I think we should
clear up for the record is this : You spoke of many of these priests
and coreligious leaders being agents of MGB.
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes.
Mr. SOURWINE. We do not confuse agents with regular members,
do we-an agent is not the same thing as a member?
Mr. DERIABIAN. No; it is different. A member of the state security
actuall is an officer
Mr. YOUnWINE. That is a career job?
Mr. DEIUABIAN. That is right. This is a steady job. An agent
of the state takes on duty to get some information.
Mr. SOURWINE. I suppose not only to get information, but also to
do small jobs?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SOURWINE. To carry stories back and forth?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SouRwINE. To maneuver things for the KGB?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right.
Mr. SOURWINE. As I understand it, the members are in accordance
with the table of organization, they have a certain number, but the
agents may be an indefinite number, is that right?
Mr. DERIABTAN. You are right. Sometimes more, sometimes less.
It depends upon the religious activities. Yes, the number of agents,
that number is flexible. It depends entirely on the strength of re-
ligious feelings and the activities in any one area. The net work is
much greater if there is much of it. If there is little of it, then they
do not need so manyy a ents for that purpose.
Mr. SoURwINE. Did I understand you correctly to say that it was
the objective to recruit as agents, if possible, all of these candidates
for the priesthood?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SouRwiNE. You got as many as you could, and tried to get them
all?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right.
Mr. SOURWINE. Well now, suppose there was a young man study-
ing for the priesthood and they could not recruit him. What hap-
pened? Was he allowed to go ahead and complete his studies and
become a priest, or did they bring some kind of pressure to bear on
him?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, if it happens like this, they will get some
kind of information on him, or they will take his papers, and we will
say that his course is filled up; and they will say, "We cannot take
you."
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10 COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
Mr. SOURWINE. In other words, if they could not recruit him, he
never became!a priest?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right. Sometimes I would say that
leaders, fanatics-they become priests-nothing to do for the govern
ment. Actually, they appointed them some kind in some small vil-
lage. They are put there with KGB agent who is over him, taking
care of him.
Mr. SouttwINE. Do I understand you correctly as having said that
it was the practice to lecture or brief the members of General Karpov's
organization on antireligious activies?
Mr. DEIIA.IAN. Yes, you are right.
Mr. SOURwINE. This was done periodically after regular intervals?
Mr. DERIABTAN. I would not say regular periods. Actually, the
KGB received that lecture from General Karpov maybe sometimes
one, two, or three times a year. And sometimes the men of General
Karpov's section went into the factory or the schools and the universi-
ties to make lectures, but there they represented themselves as mem-
bers of some kind of party committee, in some kind of lay work, or
as a lecturer in some part of the committee. Actually, he is a mem-
ber of KGB, but he gave himself out as an instructor or lecturer from
party committee.
Mr. SouRwINE. Did you ever attend and listen to one of those brief-
ings by members of Major General Karpov's organization?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes, I did. I would say it was in 1947-48.
Mr. SouRwlNE. Would you tell us about it as you remember it?
Mr. DERIUBIAN. One was, I think in 1947. There was an increase
in religious activity following the decision of the government to
liberalize the government's policy for the church-reopening of the
churches-because at that time, right after the war and during the
war, there was an upsurge of growth of religious feeling and many
people went back to church and began to go to church services. At
that time, well, the committee was worried about that, about this
growth, and they make some instructions about how to make religious
propaganda, to give permission to the people to attend churches dur-
ing the war and right after the war. And we have not to forget about
our religious propaganda, because we are atheists as Communists.
I do not remember in particular what the name is. Most of the
time the lecturer states that it was under the central committee in-
structions,sometimes under the order of the Ministry of MGB, and
it was held to organize the operation-how to fit the religious activi-
ties inside of the community.
Mr. SounwINE. Was it clear to you at all times during this period
that in spite of the open avowal of some relaxation of the repression
on religion, they still regarded all religious activity as a threat to the
Soviet state?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, I will say that time when they opened the
churches in 1944-45 it was clear for me that the Soviet Government
was using the church to help fight the Germans, and to win the good
will of the people for their own party.
Mr. SOrtRWINE. This was a part of the program of building a spirit
of nationalism which would help?
Mr. DERIABIAN. A program about nationalism and part of a pro-
gram of the Communist Party at that time, because, well in that time
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COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY 11
in the churches, most of the churches of the Soviet Union, yes, the
main churches in the Soviet Union, actually, Stalin was noted as a
leader-that is, in their services. This was during the war-long life
for Stalin; long life for Stalin.
Mr. SouRWINE.. This relaxation then was something dictated by the
expediency of the party, rather than something forced by the emo-
tions and will of the people?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are correct ; you are correct.
Mr. SoURWINE. Mr. Deriabian, you spoke earlier of having known
personally. members of the religious organizations and the clergy who
were MGB officers. Did you ever know of any cases where a person
known to you to be an MGB officer appeared in the garb of a religious
group, wore the clothing of a priest; for instance, a cassock?
Mr. DERIABIAN. In &S question, well, I do not remember a name
now, because it is very hard to remember.
Mr. SOURWINE. I am not asking you to name persons. I am asking
you if you knew there were persons at that time known to you to be
MGB officers whom you saw in religious garb?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes, I knew some of them. Actually, I do not re-,
member the year, but I met one who was, I think, in an MGB restau-
rant, inside of headquarters. That is the MGB headquarters at that
time. I did not see him for 2 or 3 years, and then I met him in Mos-
cow. He was wearing a priest habit, the cassock. I said, "What are
you doing?"
He said, Well now, I have served a few years as a priest."
I said, "How did you get that?"
He said? "Well,"-he didn't say it in so many words, but-"busi-
ness is business. Do what you are told."
Mr. SOURwINE. Just another assignment?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right. Actually, he sent at least 2 years
in the seminary, but before that he was working in the fifth director-
ate at that time. They call it that in section 0.
Mr. SoURwINE. So it is just as we will send an Army officer to some
civilian school to learn a special skill or to gain special knowledge?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You 'are right.
Mr. SOURWINE. To serve in a particular branch of the Army. In
the Soviet Union they send MGB officers to the seminaries to become
priests to serve a term as priests while they are still officers ?'
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right. You are right.
I believe that he took money from MGB while he was a priest in
the seminar.
Mr. SOURWINE. You mentioned that in 1953 you were sent to
Vienna?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes, sir.
Mr. SouRwINE. Who was your chief ?
Mr. DERIABIAN. My chief at that time was Col. Evgeny Kovalev.
Mr. SOURwINE. What was his position?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Actually, he was the political adviser to the Am-
bassador.
Mr. SOURWINE. To which Ambassador?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Mr. Ilychev.
Mr. SOURWINE. The Ambassador to Austria?
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Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes. He was actually-his position was political
adviser to the Soviet Ambassador.
Mr. SouRwINE. I was just going to ask you if that was his true
job-
Mr. DERIABIAN. It was his cover.
Mr. SOURwINE. Or whether his real job was something else?
Mr. DERIABIAN. His real job was chief of the Soviet Intelligence
of the KGB in Vienna,.
Mr. SouRwINE. And he was who?
Mr. DERIABIAN. And his real name is Kravtsov.
Mr. SOURWINE. Would it be correct to say that he was the head of
MGB in Vienna?
Mr. DERIBIAN. That is correct. He was head of the Soviet in-
telligence. .
Mr. SOIIIwINE. What was your own job there-your cover job?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, my cover job was-I was actually detailed
to the Ambassador.
Mr. SouRWINE. What was your real job?
Mr. DERIABIAN. My real job was--I was Deputy Chief of Counter-
intelligence of MGB, Soviet State Security in Vienna.
Mr. SouRwINE. I am not sure that the record is quite clear as to the
cover job of Kovalev. Tell us again, even at the risk of repetition.
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, Kovalev was political adviser to the Ambas-
sador. That was his cover job.
Mr. SOUZwINE. He actually had a job in the Embassy; he was listed
as a diplomat?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right, Mr. Kovalev.
Mr. SOURWINE. He was on the Embassy staff as the political ad-
viser to the Ambassador?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SOURwINE. And his MGB identity was not open-it was not
known?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Not known.
Mr. SouRwINE. That is, outside of the Embassy?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Right.
Mr. SouxwlnE. Was it known in the Embassy?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, I would say with 50 or 40 percent, knew that
his MGB job was boss in Vienna.
Mr. SourwiNE. Did he have any religious job also?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes, under the scheme he had agents who were
working against the Zionists and religious activities in Austria.
Mr. SorrRWINE. In other words, the Soviets worked against the
Zionists and against the practitioners of the Jewish religion just as
much as they do against the Christian religion?
Mr. DER.IABIAN. You are right. Actually, those activities were
under Colonel Gus'kov.
Mr. SOURWINE. He was under Kovalev?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Under Kovalev.
Mr. SouawINE. What was his job-what" was his cover job?
Mr. DERIABIAN. His cover job was, he was working in a section of
the Embassy as a clerk.
Mr. SouRwlNE. His real job was the coordination and repression of
religious groups?
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Mr. DERIABIAN. Right. And under him was another agent whose
name was Galitain.
Mr. Sou]iw1NE. What was his cover job?.
Mr. DERIABIAN. Tie was administrative officer of the. Repatriation
Commission of the Embassy.
Mr. SounwiNE. And his real job?
Mr; DERLABIAN. His. real job, he was working against Russian
emigres. I know his job was against the Orthodox religion. in
Vienna.
Mr. SourwiNr. You say lie was working against Russian emi-
grants ?
Mr. DERIAL'IAN. Against Russian emigration.
Mr. SounwrNn. We would say escapees and re) ogees?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SounwINE. Another case of two hats. Under his cover job. lie
'was supposed,to helpthese people.'
Mr. DDE;iITAnrAN. That is right; you are right.
Mr. SoUlRWINE. And in his real job he was working against them?
Mr. DERIAnuAN. You are right.
Mr. SoUIiWINE. Did you ever have occasion to deal with Metro-
politan Nikolai, the second ranking prelate of the Russian Orthodox
Church?
Mr. DERIARIAN. - Yes, I did: In December 1953, Colonel Kovalev re-
-ceived and referred to me ' . a telegram from Alexander Panyush-
kin
"Mr. 'SourzwINE. That is: the same Pairyushkin who was previously
Ambassador to---
- Mr. DJ:rnu?IAN. To the United States.
Mr. SouuwIN1. What was his job at that time, that is, in Decem-
ber?
Mr. I)EBIAr3IAN.'At that time lie was head, chief of state police in
Moscow.
Mr. SouizwiNE. How about this telegram; what was ill it?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That telegram was advising that there would be a
delegation, a Soviet delegation to the so-called Conference for Peace
that would arrive shortly in Vienna.
Mr. SourwiNE. You say the Soviet Conference for Peace-you
mean the Vienna Peace Conference?
Mr. DERIABIAN. The Vienna Peace Conference, you are right.
Mr. SOUPWINE. Go ahead.
Mr. DERIABIAN. And that Soviet delegation included Ilya Ehnen-
burg, a well-known Soviet writer, other writers, ar rioted Turkish
author, and Metropolitan Nikolai, the arclib.ishop. The telegram ad-
vised us to take care of the Turkish author, because it had information
that the Turkish counterintelligence might kidnap or kill him.
Mr. SourWmini. You mean the Turkish Counterintelligence-
Mr. DERrABTAN. Counterintelligence, yes.
- Mr. SourwlNv~,. Were you going to kidnap him?
Mr. DERTABIAN. Yes; that is right. At the same time the telegram
said, that Metropolitan Nikolai is an agent of ICGB.
Mr'. DERTAnrAN. Well, at that time it was named the other.
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14 COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
Mr. DERIABtAN. All right.
Mr. SouRwINE. The telegram stated that Metropolitan Nikolai was
an agent of State Security?
Mr. DEnIABIAN. State Security.
Mr. SOTTRWINE. You saw this telegram?
Mr. DERIARIAN. Yes; I saw this.
Mr. SouRwrNE. It was given to you in the course of your official
duties?
Mr. DERIArUTAN. That is right.
Mr. SouRwINE. All right.
What else did the telegram say?
Mr. DERIA$IAN. I read that telegram. And in accordance to that
telegram I was going to take care of this Turkish author, and Metro-
politan Nikolai; the telegram said that the Metropolitan Nikolai is an
agent of the State Security. The telegram stated that he is a high-
ranking archbishop in the Orthodox Church, and try not to make
open to other people that he is the agent of the State Security, and to
use this material only if necessary, and be very circumspect about the
whole thing.
Mr. SouRWINE. In other words, do nothing to compromise his po-
sition?
Mr. DFRI4BIAN. You are right.
Mr. SouRWINE. All ri ht, go'ahead. Did this telegram impose du-
ties upon you-as a result of the telegram, were duties imposed upon
you?
Mr. DERIABTAN. Well, the telegram told me to take care of all of the
delegation and to meet them. Some of them arrived by train. Some
of them arrived by plane. Actually, the Metropolitan Nikolai ar-
rived by plane, and I met him in the airport and put him into my car
with another member of the delegation-I do not remember the name
now-and brought him to the Grand Hotel, Soviet headquarters in
Vienna.
Mr. SOURWINE. You met the Metropolitan Nikolai then for the first
time?
Mr. DER]ABIAN. Then, actually, the first time.
Mr. SotmwiNE. When you met his plane?
Mr. DERiABrAN. That is right.
Mr. SoulwiNE. Who introduced you?
Mr. DLRIABIAN. Well, when he arrived in the airport, I introduced
myself as a representative from the Soviet Embassy-"I am from the
Ambassador to meet members of the Soviet delegation."
With me to meet Nikolai were some other members of the delega-
tion-I do not remember now who. Another car was there. I took
them to the Grand Hotel and I gave to the Metropolitan Nikolai a, key
to a room 'on the first floor, because during our trip, the Metropolitan
Nikolai asked me who will give him a room, so I told him that I would
give him everything, that I have the room.
He asked me for the first floor because of his age, he did not like
to go upstairs.
Mr. SOURWINE. There are no elevators?
Mr. DEi.ABIAN. There were elevators, but he wanted the first floor.
Another thing, it was more convenient for him and for me; if I
needed him, I could find him more easily than going to the other
floors.
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Mr. SouRwINE. Did he know at that time that you were connected
with the state police?
Mr. DERIABIN. No, at that time maybe he thought about this thing,
but I did not mention to him anything. I told you what the telegram
said to me.
Mr. SOURwINE. You did not at that time introduce, yourself as a
member of the police?
Mr. DERIABIAN. No. I said, "I am an employee from, the Embassy";
that is all.
Mr. SOURWINE. All right, go ahead.
Mr. DERIABIAN. This evening, actually, when the Metropolitan
Nikolai took the room, he asked me to find Father Arseny, a Russian
Orthodox priest in Vienna. And in this case I went to see Colonel
Gus'kov, to find information how I can find the father.
Mr. SOURWINE. Who was Father Arseny?
Mr. DERIABIAN. He was a priest of the Orthodox Church in Vienna.
Mr. SouRwINE. You do not know why. he wanted him?
Mr. DERIABIAN:. The Metropolitan Nikolai felt; and told to me that
he sent a telegram to Father Arseny to meet him at the airport and he
did not know why Father Arsenydid not meet him. I went and asked
about the address of Father Arseny. did
Mr. SOURWINE. This is interesting. You wanted to find a priest, so
the easy way to find him was not to go to the church, but go to the man
who was the head of the Zionist and religion section of the state
police?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right,
Mr. SOURWINE. They had fingers on all of:them?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well they, of course, actually, they have a file on
Father Arseny who was a state security agent, too.
Mr. SounwiNE. He was-Arseny was?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes.
Mr. SouRWINE. What do you mean by "too"?
Mr. DERIABIAN. As I said before, Nikolai was.
Mr. SOURWINE. Did you discuss this matter with Nikolai?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Actually, before I found Father Arseny, I asked
Gus'kov where I could find him, and I told hi that Nikolai, Metro-
politan Nikolai arrived in Vienna and Gus''kov told me that the
Metropolitan Nikolai and he were "brothers." Well, this : is lan-
guage-I mean, both of them-they are state security agents.
Mr. SOURWINE. Brothers?
Mr. DERIABIAN. He said, "Our brother."
Mr. SOURWINE. That is interesting, like the German Bundestag,
SASA. Brothers means they were agents, as you defined it before
the state police?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SOURWINE. Go ahead.
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, of course, it was just an expression.
Mr. SounwiNE. He knew what he was telling you and you knew
what he was telling you?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right. You are right. Well Gus',kov sent
me to Galitzin to find Father Arseny, because the file .on Father
Arseny that he found in the files
Mr. SOURWINE. Did you go to see Galitzin?
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16 COMMUNIST: CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
Mr. DERIAi i BTAN. I went to see Galitzin. And Galitzin told me that.
Father Arse>iy has been compromised and accused by MGB, an of-
fiver in 1953.,
Mr. SouinwiNE. you mean by "compromised"-do you mean as Ave
would say in slang, that they got "something" on him
Mr. DERTAI IAN. That is right. You are right. Some kind of com-
promise on Father Arseny.
Mr. SouRT'INE. liT other words they blackmailed him into becom-
ing an agent. for MGB?
Mr. DEmIAIITAN. Well, it is possible-it is possible `to say like: this,
using soinie kind of blackmail or solnetlning.
Mr. SouiwiNE. All right. I)id they explain what this compromise
was in Arseny's case?
Mr. DERIAmAN. He told me that in 1942, during the German oc-
cupation, Father Arseny was in llassian territory in the Ukraine; and
made anti-Soviet propaganda, because lie said that all believers
would have to reopen churches, because the Bolsheviks closed the
churches. Ile explained his feelings as anti-Soviet propaganda or
anti-Soviet activity.
Mr. SotRsviNE. By definition it was antistate propagannda?
Mr. PruuABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SOITRw1N11,. Go ahead.
Mr. DERIABIAN. And Galitzin showed me a newspaper which con-
tained Father Arseny's ' article, what, it, was, and he said
Mr. SourwiNr. By Father Arseny's article, you mean !a newspaper
story about, the so-called ,anti-Soviet speeches?
Mr. DERI\i3IAN. That is right..
Mr. Sourwixn. Go ahead.
Mr. DERtABIAN. And just what Galitzin said was that they were
going to arrest Father Arseny, but the committee in Moscow turned
it down, because to arrest him it would show they are against the
priests, and it was not a good thing to do that. Galitzin said that
the Metropolitan Nikolai one time sent to Arseny to invite him to
Moscow for instruction, and Father Arseny did not go there, and
started to sell his things, and so on and so on.
Tlirough, another agent, I do not know. whom, Galitzin found
out that Father Arseny was going to escape to Switzerland, because
lie was afraid that the police will arrest him. And second, they are
~~oing to recruit him. And the Metropolitan sent an order inviting
him to Moscow, but he did not go because he knew if he went, they
would arrest him.
And using all of these things, Galitzin told me, in my connection
with Metropolitan Nikolai,' to ask him, to find more information
about Father Arseny, whether he really was going to Switzerland,
or to get the Metropolitan Nikolai to help us in our job, for him to
become a State security agent, because before that Father Arseny
told Galittiti that he would like to be friends he would like to, be
friends with Galitzin, but lie does not know how he could help the
Government or representatives of the Soviet .Embassy in his position.
And Galitzin told him that some of his friends who had some kind
of connection with Austria, some of them working in Anierienn
headquarters, and so on, maybe he will give some kind of inforrna-
tion about them.
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Actually, after talking with Galitzin I found that Father Arseny-
1 forget it now-1 went to see him-and he opened the door and I
asked him to visit me, that is to visit the Metropolitan Nikolai, at
8 o'clock in the evening on the first floor of the Grand Hotel.
He was so upset that he did not receive the telegram from him.
1. told him that Metropolitan Nikolai was upset because Father
Arseny did not meet him.
He said he did not receive any telegram.
Well], anyway, I told him to be in the Grand Hotel at 8 o'clock.
He asked me who I am.. I told him I am just a member of the
Soviet Embassy. He did not know I was an officer of it.
Mr. ~SounwINE. I want to be sure that I understand this. Father
Arseny had been compromised by the possession of this newspaper
,articleabout his so-called antistate speeches?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. 'SourwlNE. And using this threat, pressure had been brought
on him so as to recruit him as an agent?
Mr: DEi.IABTAN. Right.
Mr. SOURWINE. But even so, after having been recruited lie was not
serving as the organization thought lie should?
Mr. DI.RIABIAN. You are right.
Mr. SOURWINE. So you took this up with Metropolitan Nikolai?
Mr. DERIAi;IAN. Right.
Mr. SouRwINE. Did you take it up with him in the vein of telling
him to do something about it or in the line of asking him what to do
about it; in other words, did Metropolitan Nikolai himself have any
decision to make in this instance?
Mr.~ DERIABIAN. After Metropolitan Nikolai met Father Arseny, I
would say the next day, or 2 days, I invited Metropolitan Nikolai to
my apartment for tea.
Mr. SoURwINE. Wait a, minute. This was what time with rela-
tion to the meeting between Father Arseny and Metropolitan Nikolai
at the Grand Hotel?
Mr. DERIABIAN. It was 8 o'clock in the evening, as I said before.
Mr. SouRWINE. They had a meeting at the Grand Hotel which you
arranged?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SouiwINE. How long after that was the invitation you are now
speaking of?
Mr. DERIABTAN. Well, I would say 1 or 2 days later.
Mr. SouRwINL. All about the same time; it was during the same
visit?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Oh, yes, yes.
Mr. SouRwINE. Go ahead.
Mr. DERIABIAN. I invited Metropolitan Nikolai for a tea. And I
introduced him to m.y wife and daughter, and at that time, while he
was sitting in my apartment or hotel room, I started to talk to him
about Father Arseny, and I told him we have some information that
he is going to escape to Switzerland.
And I asked Metropolitan Nikolai what he knows about that or what
he planned to do with him, or if lie will ask hint to Moscow or if he
will stay in Vienna.
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Mr. SouRWINE. In other words, this was in the posture where you
were talking with Metropolitan Nikolai about a matter that he had to
do something about, and you were asking him what he was going to do
about it.
Mr. D RIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. StURWINE. Go ahead.
Mr. DERIABIAN. In this time I was not going to show him that I am
a KGB agent, but I show myself-I did not tell him exactly, but I
show myself that I have some kind of interest-I show him that I am
KGB.
The next day Father Arseny again met Metropolitan Nikolai in the
evening I would sayy, mmaybe about 3 or 4 hours they were talking.
Mr. 90URWINE. Before we go on there, what could Metropolitan
Nikolai have done with this man-what could he have directed or
ordered Father Arseny to do? .
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, actually, I felt at that time, according to my
talk with Galitzin I was going to Metropolitan Nikolai, to say to him
to find what he is going to do-what he is going to do with Father
Arseny- _if he will invite him to Moscow to find out if he will go there
or not.
If he stays in Vienna we will see very well he will work for us,
for MGB.
Mr. SQURWINE. In other words, you were not asking Metropolitan
Nikolai to make a decision-you were just asking his opinion?
Mr. DERIABIAN. His opinion.
Mr. SOURWINE. As a basis for a decision that would be made by the
state police?
Mr. D RTABIAN. That is right, because I could not tell, according to
my position-if I started to talk, what are you going to do, and so on
and so on-I was going to put on pressure on Metropolitan Nikolai-
I did not like to do that according to the telegram.
Mr. SoTJRwINE. The actual situation was this, if I understand you
correctly, here was a man who was the second highest in his church.
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SouxwINE. You were talking about orders as an ecclesiastic
that he would give to his subordinates?
Mr. DE.IABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SouRWINE. Yet you were not asking him what he was going
to do-you were just getting information from him?
Mr. DEIIIABIAN. You are right.
Mr. SoIJRwINE. He would later be told by the state police what
to do?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. S0tIRWINE. In his capacity as an ecclesiastic?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right.
Mr. SOURWINE. Is this the normal thing even in the intrachurch
affairs that there is such close control by the state police?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I would say, take all churches
Mr. SOURWINE. So that actually
Mr. DERIABIAN. They` were in control of all churches in the Soviet
Union.
Mr. SoURwINE. This was not any special instance-it was simply
the normal way of doing things?
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COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY 11 1
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SOURWINE. You got the information from the ecclesiastic and
then you decided what it was he was to do?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SOURwINE. Go ahead.
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, 2 days later when the peace conference in
Vienna
Mr. SOURWINE. You say "2 days later"-is this 2 days after your
talk with Metropolitan Nikolai or 2 days after the second meeting
between Metropolitan Nikolai and Father Arseny?
Mr. DERIABIAN. The meeting between Metropolitan Nikolai and
Father Arseny.
Two days later when I was in the peace conference, actually
it was in that conference in Vienna, I found the time and
the place to speak privately with Metropolitan Nikolai, because the
peace conference was going to close maybe the next day or 2 days-I
asked Metropolitan Nikolai what his plan was for Father Arseny,
and I asked Metropolitan Nikolai if he is afraid to go to Moscow.
Metropolitan Nikolai replied that he was now sure that Father
Arseny would not try to escape to Switzerland1 "Because we are be-
lievers," he said. He said that lie is the chief, just as I am the chief
of my part, that he is the boss for his priests, and he believes that he
will never escape to Switzerland, "So do not worry about that."'
Mr. SouRwiNE. The real situation here was it not, that you had
gone to Metropolitan Nikolai with a problem he had been told to do
something about, and he was now reporting to you that he had done
Nob?
r. DERIABIAN. You are correct-you are right.
Mr. SOURWINE. Father Arseny was then to stay in Vienna, is that
right ?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Metropolitan Nikolai said that Father Arseny will
stay in Vienna. He said nothing to worry about Father Arseny-
just he was worried-Father Arseny was worried himself about his
son. He just had one problem. Each father has his son.
Mr. SOURWINE. Is this of significance that he was worried about
his son?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You see, his son-Galitzin asked Father Arseny
about the son. The son was in some kind of connection with some
Americans, and he was an alcoholic. And it was not good for the
father to have a son who is alcoholic and was arrested several times,
and married twice, and a hooligan.
Mr. SOURWINE. His being connected with the Americans, did that
have anything to do with his being married twice and being an
alcoholic?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Another thing, when Galitzin talked to me, he said
find what kind of connections his son had with Americans. Actually,
maybe that son never has.
Mr. SOURWINE. This was part of the pressure that was being put
on Father Arseny?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SoURwINE. All right, go ahead.
Mr. DERIABIAN. Metropolitan Nikolai suggested that he hopes it is
better to find another successor for religion on Galitzin, and he men-
tioned his name. for me who had what he said is young and maybe
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20 COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
he does not understand well what he is doing-does not know how to
walk and how to be a friend with priests and the like. He was asking
me to help;him to substitute for Galitzin some older man.
Mr. SoujzwINE. You mean a successor for Galitzin-you mean in
all of his duties or only in his contact with Father Arseny?
Mr. DERIABIAN. His contact with Father Arseny.
Mr. SouzwINE. He wanted another man to handle Father Arseny?
MI?. DERIABIAN. That is right,.
Mr. SOURwINE. In this confidential talk which you had that you
are telling us about with Metropolitan Nikolai did you finally disclose
that you were with the state police?
Mr. DzRIABIAN. Then I told him-I said to Metropolitan Nikolai
that, "You know who I am."
He answered me that he, knew-he recognized me, or knew me-he
knew somewhat in higher or saw some time in higher reports.
Mr. SOURWINE. He knew then that you were with the state police ?
Mr. DERARIAN. That is right. I did not ask how lie recognized it-
no question about that. And then I just told him that I received It
telegram front Moscow, that I know about him, and I got orders from
Moscow to help you here in Vienna.
Mr. Sou*wINz.. You knew about him. You told him that you knew
he was an agent?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I did not tell him that he is an agent. I told him
that I received a telegram from Moscow and I knew that lie would
arrive here. That Moscow told me.
Mr. SouRwINE. That is what I mean, you meant to convey to him
indirectly that you knew lie was an agent ?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SouawiNn. He knew that is what you were conveying to him?
Mr. DERrABIAN. That is right. He just asked me, but let us not talk
about this.( - We did not talk any more. Of course, we knew. each
other.
After that, all of this talk, I gave a report to Colonel Kovalev, and
I told Galitzin about my conversation with Metropolitan Nikolai, and
I told him that the Metropolitan Nikolai said lie said he was not
worried about Father Arseny.
Mr. SouRwINs. Did you tell him that Metropolitan Nikolai wanted
another contact with Father Arseny?
Mr. DERTABIAN. Well; I told to Kovalev in my report about this.
I did not tell about this to Galitzin.
Mr. SoU1iwINi.. That would have been out of channels--that was
for Kovaley to tell him?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Right.
Mr. SOTIRWTNE?. Did you have any further connection with"Metro-
polit.an Nikolai during the peace conference?
Mr. DERIARIAN. During the peace conference, one time at a party
which Metropolitan Nikolai asked me to organize, he invited Kovacic,
Stryker, and Johnson-
Mr. SOURtwINE. Dr. Hewlett Johnson?
The Red t)ean of Canterbury-he invited hum?
Mr. DERI,IiIAN. Yes, he invited him.
Mr. SOUR-WINE. Metropolitan Nikolai invited him?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes.
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COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY 21
Mr. SouR.wiNr. You arranged it?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I arranged it, the restaurant, and I ordered the
dinner. And later on I was in my office and Metropolitan Nikolai
called me on the phone and asked me to have some wine.. First, I
asked him if he needed it. Later on there were 18 bottles of Riesling.
Mr. SOURWINE. How many clergymen for. the 18 bottles?
Mr. DERIABIAN, Well, actually, there were, I think, 20 or 22,
Mr. SoumtwINE, hardly a bottle apiece?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, actually, es,
Mr. SOURWINE. Where was this-party.
Mr. DERIABIAN. It was in a restaurant on the Prater on the second
floor-I do not know the name of the restaurant. There is one restart-
rant there.
Mr, SOUItwINE. Is that the pavilion of which they had a. picture in,
Life magazine?
Mr, DERIABI&N, That is right.
Mr. SoURwiNE. You had met the Metropolitan Nikolai when he
came in, Did you see him. off-did you send him on his way,?
Mr. DERIABTAN. Well, I told you that I saw him every day. Act-
ually, I talked to him on the phone or knocked on the door and asked
if he was ready to go to the conference-if he is ready, it was all
right to go in my car. Sometimes we sent another car later. Some-
times he asked me about help to go to some tea in Vienna, or some-
where. I waited for him. Actually I took him to the airport when
he ,was going back to Moscow. And in the airport he gave me an
envelope which included what he said was. about 700 or $00 shillings
to give to Father Arseny.
Mr. SoURwINE. How much is that in American money ?.
Mr. DERIABIAN. Twenty-six shillings for $1 dollar-approximately
$30,, ap roximately.
Mr. SoURwINE. Go ahead. .
Mr. DERIABIAN. Ile asked me to see Father Arseny and to give this
money to him, and asked me to say to Father Arseny that he did not,
have any time to see him.
Mr. SouxwINE. Did you see Father Arseny again after that?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I went to Father Arseny's apartment. I saw him
again and gave him this money from Metropolitan Nikolai. In his
apartment I found some people-Father Arseny introduced me, and.
described a man as his best friend. Well, these men left in a little
while, And I did not see any.more. of those men. I saw Father
Arseny on the street or in the church.
Mr. SOURWINE. Did you deliver to him the money?
Mr, DERiABIAN. Yes, I delivered him the money.
Mr. Sou-RwINE. That Metropolitan Nikolai gave you?
Mr: DERIABIAAN. I gave him that money and said that Metropolitan
Nikolai was sorry ho could not meet with him-he said for me. to
give you . an envelope with some money for you.. Actually, the
envelope was'not sealed.
Mr. SouRwINE. We have in the record now several terms that `prob-
ably should be defined- for clarity-MGB, KGB, and NKVD. Will , .
you place those in their proper perspective so that we will know what
they mean? }
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, let.me tell you this..
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22 COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
Before March of 1946, there were the People's Commissariat of the
State Security. In March 1946-
Mr. SOIIRwINE. The People's Commissariat, is that the NKVD?
Mr. DErIABIAN. Well, State Security-yes, and before 1943 there
was the NKVD. Then it separated, with two ministers, the NKVD
and the NKGB. And in March 1946, there was a big reorganization.
And NKVD became MVD, and NKGB became MOB. Well MGB,
Ministers of State Security. From March 1940 until Marc. 1953,
there were two Ministries, well, MVD and MGB.
After the 5th of March, actually March 8, 1953, there was reorgan-
ization. They put MGB and MVD. together; it was one Ministry,
MVD in March 1943 and until March 1954.
And since March 1954, MVD and NKGB, was the Committee of the
State Security.
Mr. Soultw1NE. I wanted to get that clear for the record, so that
anyone reading it would be able to follow it.
Mr. DEuIuBiAN. And now they have MVD and KGB.
Mr. SouRWINE. Is there anything more than you can tell us along
the line that we have been discussing?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I would like to say a few words about how the
Communist Party controls religious activities inside of the Soviet
Union.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Go ahead.
Mr. DERZABIAN. In June 1937 and 1938, I worked in high school
as a teacher, in an incomplete middle school, in the village of Savinovo
This was in Altai Kray, too.
During the above-mentioned period, in approximately. August-
September 1937, an order was received by the village Soviet of the
village of Savinovo from the Rayon authorities of the Zonol'nogo
Rayon Party committee of that region. That order was that the vil-
lage party and Komsomol organizations were to open a club im-
mediately, using the building of the local Orthodox Church for that
purpose. And the priest of the above-mentioned Orthodox Church,
whose name I do not remember, was arrested by the Soviet authorities
in 1931 during the period of collectization, and since then nothing was
heard of him. The church was closed from the moment of the priest's
arrest. And the church in Savinovo Village was closed in 1931, and
it was in 1937, too.
The people-the believers-the people in that village wrote several
letters to the Rayon executive committee.
Mr. SouRwINE. What does that mean?
Mr. DERIABIAN. And asked them to give them priests and let them
open the church-reopen the church again.
Mr. SouRWINE. The people petitioned to have their church re-
opened?
Mr. DERIARIAN. That is right. And they did not receive any an-
swer. Then wrote a letter to former President Michael Ivanovich
Kalinin-at that time he was President of the U.S.S.R.-somebody
gave them the idea that if they wrote to President Kalinin he will
give them permission to reopen the church. Well, they wrote this
letter to President Kalinin. Actually the letter returned to the dis-
trict authorities, and that is the reason why the party committee of
that district ordered Komsomol and the party members to immedi-
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ately open 'the club, using the church, because the party district com-
mittee did not like the believers to reopen the church again.
Mr. SouRwINE. They took quite a chance when they petitioned at
all, did they not, apart from reopening the church?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Actually, at that time it was, to write such kind of
letter. The villagers sometimes were doing that. At that time the
religious feeling was very strong in some of the localities, and it was
impossible not to go along for a time.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Do the people of the Soviet Union have the right
to petition for redress of grievances?
Mr. DERIABIAN. ' You see at that time, most of them, who was older
women and men, they sometimes stayed around the church on holidays,
talking with each other. It is their custom. They will go to the
church. And then somebody gives them that idea-they wrote the
petition-to sign that petition.
Mr. SOURWINE. We have been told that even to write and send a
petition is almost a treasonable act.
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes, you are right-you are right. And in this
case, but I am telling you that sometimes it has happened, that people
have wrote.
Mr. SouRwINE. They felt so strongly about getting their church
back that they took a chance, in other words?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right. Well, at that time some people were
arrested who signed this petition. I do not know if they were ar-
rested in Savinovo or not. At that time, before they arrived there,
before I arrived there to work as a teacher, I found what I will tell
you now, that I was at that time a member of the commission
Mr. SOURwiNE. You were a member of this commission?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I was a member of that commission, because they
appointed me to be a member, because I was Komsomol secretary of
that village and I knew how, and therefore,, being a member of that
commission, and there were three or four others-I forget the
name of a party member, another one was a young girl Komsomol,
whose name was-Yevdokiya Gonnykh, and me. The chief of the vil-
lage Soviet gave us the key of the church. We went to the church
and put down all the things which were inside of the church. Then
we put them in a box, all of these things, and gave it to the chief of
the village Soviet.
Mr. SouRwiNE. These were the sacred objects of the church?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right, some ikons and some cloths and
there was some silver.
Mr? SOURwINE. Altar cloths and the like?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes.
Mr. SOURWINE. And religious images?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Right. And we gave everything to the boss of that
village Soviet who was a member of the Communist Party.
Mr. SouxwINE. Wait a minute. What did you give it to him
for-was he going to keep it for the church or use it for the party or
not?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I do not know what he did with those things. I
know he put it in his basement in the village Soviet basement building.
I do not know what he did with that.
Mr. SouRwINE. All right, go ahead.
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24 COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
Mr.?DERIABIAN. At that time the Komsomol member, the Komso-
mol member of the party and another activist, opened the church,
rather opened the club.- Actually, we opened the club at that time.
Mr. SOURWJNE. Let me be sure I get that straight. Here was a
group of old people, deeply religious, whose priest had been taken
away from them?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Right.
Mr. SOURWINE. Their church closed. for a year or so?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Right.
Mr. SouR,wiNE. In order to have a place to worship they petitioned
to have the church reopened?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Right.
Mr. SoUiiwiNE. What they got instead was to have the church
stripped, all of the church property, the religious images, the altar
cloths, the ikons, the censers were turned over to the party, and the
church was converted into a youth club?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Right.
Mr. SOUR WINE. So that they did not even then have a vacant church
with some hope of turning it back to religious use-it was turned
away from religious use completely, is that right ?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right, because the party committee of the
district-you see, when they knew that the believers wrote the petition
to the president and it was sent back to the district, they ordered the
Komsomol and party members of that village, because they wrote
again to the president, they opened the club. They will not have the
right to open the church.
Mr. SouuwINE. In other words, that was a clear case of cause and
effect. They lost all hope of reopening the church because they asked
to have it reopened?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SOURWINE. Go ahead. Was that all of the story or is there
some more:?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I think that is all of the story.
Mr. SoUnwINE. And you say these things are typical of Russia?
Mr. DERIARIAN. This is typical.
Mr. SOURWINE. That is, of the Soviet Union?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes. Of course, when I was about 7 years old,
just starting to go to school, we had a church in our village where I
was born. That church was closed in 1929 during the collectiviza-
tion, and our director of the school, who was .a member of the Commu-
nist Party, or a member of Komsomol, I do not know now, he went
to the church belfry. Well, the people were staying around the
church and crying, the women and so on, and they did not reopen
again. Just after a few months they opened it as a club. And
after 2 years, as I remember now, they used that church building as a
warehouse.
Mr. SoUiiwINE. There is one. thing I want to get clear. You told
us of the policy of recruiting seminary students. And to use our
slang phrase, "washing out" those who could not be recruited, so that
all of the priests were agents. When did this begin? Over how long
a period has this policy continued? .
Mr. DERIABIAN. I would say this began, I should say in 1936, 1937.
I would say it began before, well, when the churches were closed and
the priests were exiled-there were no priests left, but then when the
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religious feelings persisted among the people and the authorities saw
that they could not cope with this in any other way, then they adopted
this particular tactic of getting in and recruiting the remaining min-
isters and priests. And that came about in 1936 or 1937.
Mr. SouiiwlNE. So that, for more than 20 years now, under the pol-
icy of the state police in the Soviet Union, to be a priest one has to be
an agent?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right.
Mr. SouRWINE. So that there are no priests who serve the church
first-they are only agents of the state police serving as priests ?
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right. I would say this : Some of the
priests who are serving as. KGB agents believe in God, and they have
to do it for police and God, because they could, not-cannot find
another way how to do it.
Mr. SOURWINE. There is a great contradiction here, is there not?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes.
Mr. SOURWINE. In order to serve the Soviet state police, they have
to give allegiance first to the state, to the principles of the Soviet
which include atheism?
Mr. DEBIABIAN. Yes.
Mr. SOURWINE. So, they have to pledge their allegiance to atheism
before they can serve od ?
Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right. Well, some priests there believe in
God. There is no other way to do it. They have to serve the, KGB.
Mr. SourwlNE. You mean doing the best they can within the
of the state police?
Mr. DERIABIAN.. That is right.
Mr. SOURWINE. The state police own the churches, as you say.
Mr. DERIABIAN. You are right.
Mr. SouRwINE. Ina sense, it owns the priests, too?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Some people in the state police, working there, even
sometimes members of the state police, may not be wholeheartedly
state police, but in fact are faithful to their own beliefs.
Mr. SOURWINE. By the same token, is it not true that the job of,
these agents in many instances is more than just atheism-it is, as a
matter of fact, spying on their parishioners and exploiting them for
the purposes of the state police?
Mr. DERIA TAN. Yes.
Mr. SOURWINE. Again you have a contradiction. - Again, the priest
is wearing two hats: In one he is leading his people and.trying to help
them, and in the other he is spying on them and controlling them and
exploiting them for the state-?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Yes.
Mr. SOURWINE. I would like to turn to an entirely different matter
just for a few moments before we close.
Did' you read yesterday's newspaper stories about the kidnaping
of a Soviet diplomat who was trying to defect in Rangoon?
Mr. DERIABIAN.. Yes, I did.
Mr. SovltwlNE. These newspaper stories reported that 40 guards
took the man to the airport. Is this about the customary number of
guards in a small Soviet embassy?
Mr. DERIABIAN. No, I would say these were members of the KGB.
Mr. SOURWINE. You would say the whole embassy staff was that?
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Mr. DERIABIAN. That is right. Well, according to the order of the
embassy; all of them went to the airport to save that man, actually
save
Mr. SouwINE. Save in quotation marks?
Mr. DERIABIAN. In quotation marks, yes. Well, in my opinion I
would say, as far as I know, KGB agents working in the Soviet em-
bassy-I would say there would be 50 or 60 percent.
Mr. SOURwINE. How many would that be, in numbers, in a small
embassy ?
Mr. DERIABIAN. Well, if you say 40, I would say 20 or 30 of them.
Mr. SoulwINE. In the Embassy at Vienna with which you were
familiar, how many were there?
Mr. DERIiBIAN. Well, actually, in the Soviet high commission we
had 400 people altogether; in state security, 76 officers, just state se-
curity, not including economic intelligence, and so forth-just state
securityy, 76.
Mr. SouiwINE. Would the average Soviet embassy include what we
would call strong-arm men?
Mr. DERIABIAN. I hesitate that they have that kind of man, even in
Moscow-some of them will do this job on orders-they do not have
that especially.
Mr. SOURwINE. I should like to submit a compilation of background
material from various sources, regarding Metropolitan Nikolai, for
inclusion in the record here.
Senator DODD. It may be included.
(The above-described material follows:)
METROPOLITAN NIKOLAI (Bolls DoRoFElvicu YARUSIIEVICH)
Metropolitan of Krutitsa and Kolomna
Born : 1892, Kovno.
Position : Member, Most Holy Synod, U.S.S.R. Russian Orthodox Church ;
Chairman, Department of External Church Affairs of Moscow Patriarchate.
Education:, Doctor of theology.
1909-Entered physics and mathematics faculty, St. Petersburg University.
1910-Left university and entered Theological Academy, continuing as non-
matriculated student in law faculty, St. Petersburg University.
1914-Defended candidate's dissertation at Theological Academy, remaining
at Department of Canon Law in preparation for academic career ; took monastic
vows (Nikolai) and ordained regular priest; at beginning of war, was confessor
to Finnish Bodyguard Regiment.
1915-Returned to Theological Academy to work on magister's dissertation
and taught at Petrograd Theological Seminary.
1917-Defended magister's dissertation.
1918-Superior, Cathedral of Peter and Paul, Peterhof, now Petrodvorets.
1919-Archimandrite and Superior, Alexandr Nevsky Monastery.
1922-Elevated to Bishop of Peterhof and Vicar of Petrograd eparchy; opposed
Renovated Church Movement in Russian Orthodox Church, for which he was
arrested and exiled.
1924-Returned to Peterhof pulpit.
1927-Accepted declaration of deputy to patriarchal locum tenens Metropolitan
Sergi on "unconditional loyalty to the Soviet power," and opposed Metropolitan
Josef of Petrograd, who` refused to accept the declaration and was subsequently
shot.
1935-Elevated to archbishop.
1936 -Administered Novgorod and Pskov eparchies.
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1939-After annexation of western Ukraine and Byelorussia to Soviet Union
was appointed exarch of these regions with title Archbishop of Voihynia. and
Lutsk ; liquidated autocephalous aspirations of Ukrainian and Byelorussian
Churches and subjected them to Moscow Patriarchate.
1941-Elevated to Metropolitan of Kiev and Galich with right to wear two
special sacred ikons (panaglya) and have a cross carried before him at services.
1942-43-Edited "The Truth About Religion in Russia" and "The Russian
Church and the Great Patriotic War" -which describe freedom of religion in
U.S.S.R., emphasize services of Russian Orthodox Church during war, and de-
nounce enemies of Soviet regime.
1942-Member, "Extraordinary State Commission for the Establishment and
Investigation of the Crimes of the Fascist Usurpers and their Accompilces," and
in the name of the Russian Orthodox Church asserted the "innocence of the
Soviet authorities" of the Katyn atrocities ; "blessed the partisan feats" in his
epistles to clergy and laity of occupied areas ; opposed independence from
Moscow Patriarchate of church in occupied areas; appealed for cessation of
military acts against U.S.S.R. and for sabotage behind German lines; organized
collection for formation of Dmitri Donskoi Tank Column ; upon evacuation of
patriarchal locum tenens to Ulyanovsk, administered affairs of Moscow patri-
archate and eparchy.
1943-Was among three metropolitans received by Stalin.
1944-After death of Patriarch Sergi, became Metropolitan of Krutltsa, admin-
istrator of Moscow eparchy and patriarchal vicar.
1945-Participated in organization of the All-Russian Church Council and
in the election of Patriarch of Moscow and All The Russias, Aleksi.
1945-Accompanied patriarch to Palestine and other countries to strengthen
relations with Eastern patriarchs ; visited England.
1946-Participated in All-Slavic Congress in Bulgaria.
1948-Participated in ceremonies installing Rumanian Patriarch Justinian.
1949-Elected member, Soviet Committee for Defense of Peace and the World
Council for Peace ; in name of Russian Orthodox Church denounced alleged
American aggression and use of bacteriological weapons in Korea, and mili-
taristic tendencies of Vatican.
1953-Laid wreath on Stalin's tomb and stood in his honor guard ; partici-
pated in government receptions for foreign guests ; frequent orator on public
and church occasions ; visited England.
1955-Visited Germany.
1956-Visited Norway. Visited the United States in June with seven other
Russian Orthodox churchmen. He headed this delegation. He stayed in New
York City and visited the United Nations, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Pa.,
Toledo, Ohio, (attended a meeting), and Greenwich, Conn., where he also at-
tended a meeting.
Nikolai became second-ranking head of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1944
when he became Metropolitan from Krutitsa and Kolomna. He is Foreign
Affairs Secretary of the Russian Orthodox Church, and as such Nikolai is the
spokesman for the Russian Orthodox Church and for most of the reports coming
out of Russia. When American churchmen go to Russia, they are usually re-
ceived by Nikolai.
St. Nicholas Cathedral, 50 East 97th Street, New York, N.Y., is the Russian
Orthodox Church affiliated with Moscow. There are no figures available of
membership in St. Nicholas Cathedral.
11 Hearings, Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, on Scope of Soviet Activity in the
United States, Feb. 9, 195.6, p. 2.
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28 COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS, ACTIVITY
"Mr. RAsfvoRov. As you know, the church in the Soviet Union is not inde-
pendent, as, at the present time, the Soviet Union Government is trying to prove.
It is completely dependent on the state, and the state conducts all activities of the
church in the Soviet Union.
"Moreover, they not only conduct activities of the Orthodox Church in the
Soviet Union, penetrated by MVD agents * * *"
Exhibit No. 226
(Excerpt from "Empire of Fear," by Vladimir and Evdokia Petrov, pp. 97, 98. Vladimir
Petrov was, resident agent of MVD in Sydney, Australia, under cover of third secretary
of the Soviet Embassy, and his wife was a cipher clerk when they defected, April 3,
195;4, and asked political asylum from the Australian Government)
The overriding need for national unity in those desperate and critical days
induced Stalin to bid for the positive support of even the religious leaders. With
curious and characteristic cynicism he arranged a conference in the -Kremlin, to
which'he invited the robed andbearded patriarchs and all the important digni-
taries of the Russian Orthodox Church. At the conference there was also a
certain Karpov. Now Karpov was a permanent career officer of the NKVD, who,
over a long period, had made an assiduous and exhaustive study of Russian
Orthodox ceremonies, ordinances, and theological teaching, and was able to con-
verse earnestly and learnedly with the church dignitaries on their own ground.
At this conference Stalin suggested that the character and the erudition of
Karpov, made him an ideal man to represent the church on the Soviet Council of
Ministers. His suggestion was applauded, and Karpov was appointed.
I have seen Karpov. In 1951 he was Minister for Cults and Religious Affairs
and may still hold that office. His NKVD training would be a valuable prepa-
ration for the post. After all, Stalin studied in a theological seminary.
"Mr. Morals. Now, did you personally, in your own experience as an NKVD
officer, have any-were you ever assigned to do any work in infiltrating the
Russian church?
"Mr. RASTvo$ov. Yes ; when I was in Japan the first time in 1946.
"Mr. MoicRis. Would you tell us about it, and at this point, confine your testi-
mony to your own personal experience in that particular episode?
"Mr. RxsvvoaOV. In 1946, the Soviet Government, through the MVD channels,
tried to subordinate the group of Orthodox worshippers in Tokyo, which con-
sists of White Russians and emigres. And for this purpose, the chief of the
intelligence group
"Mr. Mot#RIS. Would you repeat that, please? You say in Tokyo, in 1946, the
leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church in Japan were Russian emigres?
"Mr. RASTVOxov. Yes.
"Mr. MORRis. All right.
"Mr. RASTVOaov. And after the death of Bishop Sergei, Nikolai Ono-
"Mr. Mornirs. Will you spell that, please?
"Mr. R11sTvoRov. Nikolai One. * * * "
"Mr. RASTVOROV. Yes. And at that time, the Government of the Soviet Union,
using church for propaganda purposes and for intelligence purposes, did their
best to send to Japan, from Moscow patriarchy, two Soviet priests as the head
of this Orthodox Church in Japan. * * * ' 2
TILE PATRIARCHATE JOURNALS ; METROPOLITAN NICHOLAI
"Metropolitan Nicholai, Metropolitan of Krutitsky and Kolomna, the most im-
portant Metropolitanate in all Russia, is the second (if not indeed the first)
most powerful hierarch in the Moscow Patriarchate (186C-1870). His activities
have been as Foreign Secretary for the Patriarchate" (Ex. H-D, p. 4).
(1) (Ex. 47-D, 5400-5411; Nicholai's "Words and Speeches," published by the
Patriarchate, 1950, for official distribution in and out of Russia) :
At "the All-Union Conference, in Moscow, of the Partisans of Peace," held in
August 1949, Metropolitan Nicholal, as public spokesman for the Patriarchate,
said (among other vilifying words)
2 Hearings, Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security, on Scope of Soviet Activity in
the United States, Apr. 12, 1956, pp. 780--783.
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COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY : 29.
"The greedy tentacles of the overseas octopus (the United, States) strive to
enmesh the whole globe. Capitalist America, that fornicatrix of the resurrected
Babylon, having arranged a world market, attempts to seduce peoples, pushing.
them on- to war. But the simple people of all countries draw away their eyes
with repugnance from this shameless nakedness, * *
"The overseas siren sings of `freedom.' * * * Freedom to rob, to do violence,
to kill-this is their `freedom.',
"'We shall not distribute arms to young men that they shall kill. one an-
other'-screams the Washington Cain ; and in these wails the, frenzy of the
rascal mingles with the desperation of a coward." ~ '
As if.this outrageous tirade, so surely gratifying to -the Kremlin, were not the
utter limit for dastardly talk and the Big Lie, this "churchman" then proceeded,
to picture the United States as "the beast of Apocalypse" (5411).
The Patriarchate and the Kremlin attached such value to. this abominable
language that a year later the Patriarchate Journal of. December, 1950, quoted
and resanctioned it. (See Ex. 1-D, 4583.)
If, Nicholai is not a Communist, he at least talked more like one than Stalin
himself.
(2) (Ex. 1-D, 4608-4633, Patriarchate Journal, March 1951, issued during the
Korean war) :
At the "First Session of the World Council of Peace," held in East Berlin
on February 23, 1951, Metropolitan Nicholai, again as public spokesman for the
Patriarchate, made a major and extended address in which he said, (ammong
other grossly mendacious statements) (4611, 4612, 4621-1627) :
"The great blasphemy, from the Christian point of view, is the fact that these
people call themselves Christians. It does not fit into the bounds of reason
and of conscience, how all these Trumans, Achesons, and Dulles, returning home
from their offices, where they have just been bending over the maps of future
devastation and murder, put on black frock coats and in the circle of, their
families read the Bible ! *
"What do we see?
"Cynically violated standards not only of international rights, but of human
morals. Executions without trial and inquisitions, secret and public. Dread-
ful tortures of victims : the cutting off of ears and noses, breasts, putting out of
eyes, the breaking of arms and legs, the crucifixion of patriots, the burial alive
in communal graves of women with children at their breasts, etc. The rebirth
of the customs of savages-the sealping of Korean patriots for `souvenirs'.
"For the purpose of annihilating the population, the American criminals first
of all fanatically killed the political prisoners (from 200,000 to 400,000 persons),
forcing them first to dig their own graves; they threw the bodies of patriots
(who had been) hung, shot, or who died from typhus into a, precipice and, to con-
ceal the traces, blew up a cliff above it.
"These civilized savages arranged shooting matches with living targets, bind-
ing peasants to posts with barbed wire and shooting each of them over the heart
of the target. Reviving the customs of the young-fascists, young-yankees photo-
graphed these scenes for their family albums and sent them home to their
fiances and wives.
"These representatives of the `higher' race practised and practise mass rape
of the women and young girls of Korea, rounding them up from surrounding
towns, making them drunk on gin and raping them. Not limited to outrages,
the miserable victims were driven, in places, into tunnels, shot by machineguns
and buried under the debris of blown up cliffs.
"Often one can see on the roads of Korea the still warm corpse of a mother
and a crying child at her breast. Cases are known when children, born in prison,
were trampled by the soldiers' boots in front of the mother, and then the
mother was killed."
The utterer of these foul words, and the Patriarchate in distributing them in
America and throughout the world, could not but know that they were bribing
the Kremlin with the desired false witness and with active contribution against
our military defense of a free Korea.
(3) (Ex. 1-D, 4692-5, Patriarchate Journal, December 1951, published in the
Korean war) :
At the "Second Session of the World Council of Peace," Metropolitan Nicholai,
again as public spokesman for the Patriarchate, denounced. Inclusively "the
kindlers of war in Washington and London," and said (among other mendac-
ities)
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30 COMMUNIST CONTROLS ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY
"Not for one day, in the countries of capital, does war propaganda stop. War
hysteria in the U.S.A. has reached its apogee, there everything is directed to the
service of war.
"The ideas of hatred of humanity are inoculated in children and young people
on a broad scale in the U.S.A. And here is what such an education by cannibals
leads to : * * *
"It is thus that the American kindlers of war try to raise murderers from
their tender years."
(4) (Ex. 1-D, 4794, Patriarchate Journal, January 1953) :
In a major speech at "the Congress of Peoples for the Defence of Peace in
Vienna," Metropolitan Nicholai, again as public spokesman for the Patriarchate,
said (among other contributions to the cold war on the United States) :
"It is necessary to demand daily the prohibition of atomic and bacteriological
weapons and cessation of military actions in Korea, Vietnam, and Malaya.
"It is necessary to renounce firmly to be direct or indirect participants as well
as victims of lawlessness the needs of which, as it is known, are horrible and
disgusting. Annihilation of the Korean people. Spreading of epidemics. De-
struction of fruits of human labor and people's culture. Economic bondage,
causing poverty and unemployment. * * * Such are the deeds of lawness !" e
Mr. SoU1wINE. I have no further questions.
Senator DODD. The hearing will stand adjourned, subject to the
call of the Chair.
(Whereupon, at 5 p.m., the subcommittee adjourned subject to the
call of the Chair.)
8 Brief filed for plaintiff-appWellant, Saint Nicholas Cathedral of the Russian Orthodox
Church of North America v. aasil A. ICreshik, Dean of Saint Nicholas Cathedral, etc.,
Court of Appeals of the State of New York, pp. 3.1-35.
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INDEX
NoTr.-.The Senate Internal Security Subcommittee attaches no significance
to the mere fact of the appearance of the name of an individual or an organiza.
tion in this index.
A Page
Altai Kray----------------------------------------------------------
2,3, 5
Altai Province-----------=-------------------------------------------
2
Ambassador, the-----------------------------------------------------
11,14
Ambassador to Austria-----------------------------------------------
11
American headquarters-----------------------------------------------
16
Americans------------------------------------------------------------
19
Antireligious propaganda---------------------------------------------
7
Anti-Soviet propaganda---------------------------------------------
16
Army----------------------------------------------------------------
11
Arseny, Father ---------------------------------------------------------
15`21
Russian Orthodox priest in Vienna--------------------------------
15
State security agent---------------------------------------------
15
Anti-Soviet propaganda------------------------------------------
16
Son who was alcoholic-------------------------------------------
19
Atheism-------------------------------------------------------------
25
August-September 1937--------------------------------------------
22
Austria----------------------------------------------------------- 8,
12, 16
Austro-German section-----------------------------------------------
2
B
Baptist--------------------------------------------------------------
2-4
Barnaul-------------------------------------------------------------
2-5
Belayev--------------------------------------------------------------
2
Bolsheviks ------------------------------------------------------------
16
Brothers (state security agents) --------------------------------------
15
C
Canterbury-----------------------------------------------------------
20
Case of&cer----------------------------------------------------------
1
Christian religion----------------------------------------------------
12
Committee of the State Security--------------------------------------
22
Communist Party (central committee of) ----------------- 2, 6, 7, 9, 10,
23, 24
Conference for Peace, Vienna-----------------------------------------
13
Council of Ministers in the Soviet Union------------------------------
5, 8
Council on Orthodox Affairs------------------------------------------
8
Counteraction against the religions------------------------------------
3
D
December 1953 (telegram) -------------------------------------------
13
Deputy Chief of Counter Intelligence, MGB----------------------------
12
Deriabian, Petr S., testimony of--------------------------------------
1
Born February 13, 1921, in the village of Lokot in Altai, Kray
Province, Russia.
Officer of the NKVD, later known as the Ministry of State Security.
Rank of major of state security.
Case officer in naval counterintelligence.
Chief of Komosomol, Communist youth organization in Moscow in
1945-46.
Officer of Austro-German section as deputy chief of German sector,
1952.
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32 INDEX
Deriabian, Petr S., testimony of-Continued
1953 transferred to Vienna, to MVD headquarters; left MVD in 1954.
Deputy Chief of Counter Intelligence of MGB, Soviet State Security Page
in Vienna------------------------------------------------------ 12
Met Metropolitan Nikolai________________________________________ 14
Father Arseny---------------------------------------------- 15-21
ReptoP to Colonel Kovalev________________________________________ 20
Arranged party during Peace Conference__________________________ 20, 21
Defined terms MGB, KGB, NKVD, NKGB, MVD___________________ 22
D d Communist Party control of religious activity inside So-
viet 1ljnion----------------------------------------------------- 22
Komosomol secretary of Savinovo Village_________________________ 23
Dodd, Senator Thomas J--------------------------------------------- 1
E
Economic intelligence------------------------------------------------ 26
Ehrenburg, lya (Soviet writer)_____________________________________ 13
Embassy ----;--------------------------------------------------------- 12
Embassy at Vienna --------------------------------------- --.......
-...: -26
Escapees and refuges------------------------------------------------ 13
F
Fifth directorate_____________________________________________ 11
German Butidestag, SASA-------------------------------------------
,
15
German sector------------------------------------------''------------..
2
Gonnykh, Yevdokiya (young girl Komsomol)__________________________
23
Grand IloteL-------------------------------------------------------- 14,
17
Soviet headquarters in Vienna________________________ __________
14
Guskov, Colonel------------------------------------------------------ 12,
15
I
Ilychev, Mr--------------------------------------------------------
11
h
--- Jewish religion ----------------------------
12
Johnson, Dr. Hewlett,
Hewlett, (Red Dean of Canterbury)_____________________
20
June 1937 and 1938--------------------------------------------------
22
K
Kalinin, former President Michael Ivanovich________________________ 22
Kamen__ 3, 5
Karpov, Major General (chief of council of Orthodox Church) ------ 2,-5-8, 10
KGB____ -!------------------------------------ 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 21, 22, 24-26
Kidnaping of a Soviet diplomat ------------------ --------- ---------- 25
Komsomol (Communist youth organization) --------------------- 2, 3, 6, 22-24
Kovacic----- -------------------------------------------------------- 20
Kovalev, Col. Evgeny--------------------------------------------- 11-13, 20
Kravtsov------------------------------------------------------------ 12
Kremlin------------------------------------------------------------ 6
Kremlin security guard------------------------------------------ ---- 2
L
Life (magazine)----------------------------------------------------- 21
Lokot, Altai, Dray Province ------------------------------------------ 1
M
Major of state security----------------------------------------------- 1
MGB-------- ----------------------------------- 2, 5, 7-9, 12, 16, 18, 21, 22
Ministry of------------------------------------------------------ 10
Officers---------------------------------------------------------- 11
Section O-- - -- ----- ------ -- ------------------------------ 6
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G
Galitzin--------------------------------------------------------- 12, 15-20
tzgent--------------------------------------------------------- 12
Administrative office of Repatriation Commission of Embassy ------ 13
Gavrilov, Captain------------------------------------------------------ 2
3
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Page
----------------- ------------ 1,71-22
Ministry of State Security ---______ ----
______________ 2, 5, 6,'11, 13, 16-21, 26
Moscow-----------------------------
_ 2, 22
N ----- 1
--
Naval counterintelligence---------------------------------- --;-- -., _ , .13
------------- 13-21
NGB Nikolai, 11letropolitan--------- ---------------------------------------- 13-15
State security agent---------------------------------------------- 14
High-ranking archbishop----------------------------------------- 73
Second ranking prelate Russian Orthodox Church ------------------
13
22
NKGB--------------------------------------------------------1 6-821, 22
---------------------
NKVD--------------------------------- 22
------
People's Commissariat of the State Security ----------------
0
2
6
,
------------
2
---------------------------- -----------------
Okrana
3 14
----
----------------------------
-
Orthodax Church------------------ --
___-
-----------
15
Orthodox Church, Vienna----------------------------
-----
---------------
13
Orthodox religion in Vienna----------------------
5
-- --_--_-
Orthodox Seminary---------------------------' ------------
P
-
13
Panyushkin, Alexander----------- ----- -------- -- ---
---- - ----
-----
tes
d St
13
----------
a
Previously Ambassador to Unite
-------------------
13
Chief state police in Moscow-------------------
--------------
19
Peace Conference (Vienna) ------------------------
-------
____
te Security
St
h
22
__
a
e
People's Commissariat of t
----------------------
----- ----- --
23
--------------------------
Petition
- - - -- -----
-----------------
Petrov, Vladimar (Soviet diplomat) ---------------------------------
5, 6
2
Politbureau----------------------------
--
--------------------
dor
12
--
-------
Political adviser to the Soviet Ambassa
21
-------
Prater------------------------------------------------
------------ ----------- -
2
President of the U.S.S.R--------------------------------------
--------------------
2
Presidium----------------------------?----------
-------------
24
--
Priests were exiled-----------------------------------
________
Province headquarters-----------------
2
-_-_-- --_-_----__
Provincial cornmittee--------------- -------
R
--
25
Rangoon ------------------------------ ------------
---------------
6
-
Rastvorov, Col. Yuri----------------------------------
----
22
on executive committee ---------------------------------
___
R
25
24
__
ay
Recruiting seminary students----------------------------------
Religious activities in Austria---------------------- ------------------
control inside Soviet Union
t
p
,
12
22
=___=__
y
ar
ious activities, Communist
li
13
g
Re
Repatriation Commission of Embassy ----------------- ---------
----------------
-------------- ------------
21
---------------------------
Riesling----------------
-------------------------------* ----------------
Russia
13
Russian emigres----------------------------
Russian Orthodox ceremonies, ordinances, and teachings----------------
Russian Orthodox Church ---------------------------- ----------------- 13
-- 3
---
Ruzin, Colonel----------------------------------------- ---------
S
____ 23
Sacred objects of church ---------------------------------------___ 22, 23
Savinovo (village) ----------------6
"Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States"_ ---- ------ _ 6_8 16
Section 0------------------------------------ ----------- 2
Seventh Day Adventists------------------------------- -- 21
Shillings--------------------------------------------------------- - 7
--------
Soviet Communist Party------------------------ --- 14, 16, 17, 25, 26
Soviet Embassy---------------------- ---------------------- ----- -- -- 14
Soviet delegation------------------------------------- __ 8, 10
----------------------- --
Soviet Government------------------------
Soviet headquarters in Vienna______________ 14
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INDEX
Soviet high commission rage
26
Soviet Intelligence--------------------------------------------------- 12
Soviet state police---------------------------------------- --------- - 25
Own churches---- -- ------ ------------------- ------------- -- 25
Own priests-------- - -- ----------------------- 25
Soviet State Security --------------- 12
Soviet system ------------------------------------------- ----- --- 4
Soviet Union------------------------------------------ 2, 4-8, 11, 18, 22-25
Stalin------------------ -------------------- 11
State securit ----- ----- ------
----- ----------------------------------------------- 7, 14, 26
Switzerland - --- -- -- ------------ ----------------------------16,17, 19
-- T
Turkish author_______________ _____ 13,14
Turkish counterintelligence------------------------------ ---------------
------------ - - - 13
V
Vienna Vienna-------------------------------------------------- 2,
Peace Conference ________--_------_- 13
(18 8 bottles Rieslin W
Wine Wine g)
Writers - --- ------- -- -- --- 21
13
Y
Youth club - - - ---- - --- - ---- - - - 24
Zionist/s_ Z
Zonolno o - -- --------------------------------- ---- -- - - 12, 15
g Rayon Part9--- - - - ------------------ 22
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