AIR SUPPORT AND THE BAY OF PIGS INVASION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200180004-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 14, 1999
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: January 24, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200180004-9
1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE 903
Communist pressure Is being aided by the strategic forces, bases for refueling aerial
global growth of nationalism and neutralism tankers, post-attack recovery bases for plaices
and by technological developments. The that have completed their attack missions,
development of intercontinental ballistic transport and air-supply staging bases, sites
missiles, Polaris missile-firing submarines for tactical aircraft (fighter-bombers and
and the art of refueling bombers in the air light bombers) capable of carrying nuclear
has reduced materially U.S. dependence upon weapons.
oversea bases. Qversea bases and facilities are far more
Today, the United States can deliver a important as a political part of the general
devastating nuclear attack on the Soviet United States deterrent to Soviet expansion-
Union without utilizing oversea bases. By ism, and as a military deterrent to limited
the end of 1982, the United States will have aggression than as part of the strategic nu-
approximately 200 land-based interconti- clear deterrent. Use of such bases would
nental ballistic missiles in position. be essential, as the Turkish airfields were
NINE POLARIS SUBMARINES during the 'Lebanon crisis, to contain any
There are nine nuclear-powered Polaris threatened conflagration. In this context,
'submarines with a total of 144 missiles in they are virtually indispensable.
commission. The Navy maintains 16 attack Withdrawal from facilities abroad could
carriers with more than 400 attack bombers, lead to the end of the U.S. system of inter-
each capable of carrying nuclear weapons. national alliances upon which the entire
The Strategic Air Command operates more postwar security system has been based.
than 700 B-52 and B-58 bombers with am- This is all the more true since some allies
ple range to reach the Soviet Union-with- have expressed open suspicion that U.S.
out air refueling from the United States. acquisition of an intercontinental delivery.
There are also 700 or 800 B-47's with shorter system might tend toward an isolationist
ranges. These are gradually being replaced "Fortress America" policy and that Washing-
by missiles. With air refuelings they can ton would be unlikely, once it withdrew,
reach Soviet targets and- return to bases in to come to the aid of a threatened ally, par-
this country. ticularly when it knew such aid might risk a
The smallest strategic warhead or bomb nuclear attack upon the United States.
utilized by these planes and missiles has an Washington has described the IL-28, a
explosive force of about half a megaton light bomber, as an "offensive" weapon when
(the equivalent of about 500,000 pounds of based in Cuba and has asked for its with-
TNT). The largest U.S. bombs are rated at drawal along with the missiles. If the same
20 to 30 megatons. reasoning were applied to Turkey, the
This is held to be the major reason that Turkish airfields would probably become un-
the first chapter of the Cuban crisis was ter- available to any U.S. military aircraft, since
minated in favor of Washington. The im- fighter-bombers, as well as light bombers, can
mensely superior nuclear delivery forces of carry nuclear weapons and have range enough
the United States give it the. capability to from Turkey for deep penetrations into the
devastate the Soviet Union no matter what Soviet Union. -
it did first; Moscow could hurt, but not de- Such an interpretation, if applied, would,
stroy us. military- men believe, effectively neutralize
The Soviet Union probably has consider- Turkey and perhaps detach her from the
ably fewer than 100 ICBM's in position and North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
its long-range bomber fleet and missile-fir- The real measure of the oversea base,
ing submarines are inferior in numbers, therefore, is its purpose. The U.S. conten-
quality and general technology. The Soviet tion, shared by its allies, has always been
Union has no aircraft carriers. that its oversea bases were established solely
Moscow's MISSILES in answer to Communist aggressive expan-
sionism at the request of the countries con-
But Moscow has long had a large number cerned.
of medium-range and intermediate-range The United States maintains or hasaccess
ballistic missiles of sufficient range to reach to more than 300 bases, facilities, posts or
the territory of U.S. allies and most of the stations overseas, ranging from small radar
U.S. bases overseas from Soviet soil. These outposts to great air-land complexes, such as
missiles are incapable of reaching the United . some facilities in Germany, or sea-air instal-
States. lations, such as the Navy's base at Rota,
Thus the Soviet missile bases in Cuba,
Spain.
though primarily of political and psychologi-
cal importance, compensated to some extent
militarily for the Soviet Union's intercon-
tinental inferiority. If Moscow had been
allowed to turn much of Cuba into a vast
missile-launching site, the U.S. greatest
military advantage would have been not
eliminated but seriously reduced.
Moreover, the Cuban missile sites were so
close to U.S. shores that little warning of
missile firings would have been possible. In
ical-and
portance.
[From the Washington Post, Jan. 24, 1983]
UNITED STATES To TAKE MISSILES OUT of
TURKEY
(By Murrey Marder)
A new element in the shifting pattern of
East-West relations was underscored yester-
day in an official announcement by Turkey
that the United States will dismantle its
Jupiter missile bases there.
While the announcement was foreshad-
owed by reports to this effect in Washington
last week, it drew added attention to the
manner In which Soviet-American postures
have changed since the Cuban crisis, for a
combination of reasons.
The Soviet Union long has charged that
one of the greatest obstacles to reduction of
East-West tension is its "encirclement" by
American bases overseas. This has been a
main theme of Soviet propaganda.
U.S. officials vigorously denied yester-
day, as they had last week, that plans
to remove 30 Jupiter missiles from Italy and
15 from Turkey have any connection with
the correspondence. between President Ken-
nedy and Soviet Premier Nikita S. Khru-
shchev during the Cuban crisis last October.
At one point in that crisis Khrushchev de-
manded withdrawal of the American nuclear
weapons from Turkey to offset his removal of
Soviet missiles from Cuba.
Removal of the 1500-mile Jupiters from
NATO bases in Italy and Turkey was contem-
plated long before the Cuban crisis, along
with the earlier withdrawal of Thor missiles
from Britain, as part of the process of "weap-
ons modernization," American officials
stressed.
Moreover, they noted, the targets in Soviet
bloc territory at which these missiles are
aimed will now be assigned to more effective,
submarine-launched Polaris missiles. The
result is more defensive power for the West,
not less, American officials said.
Removal of the Jupiter bases from Italy
and Turkey will end a situation in which
these nuclear bases have been a "lightning
rod" for Soviet propaganda that threatens to
wipe them out first in event of nuclear war,
American officials agree.
As a result, these officials acknowledge,
the thrust of Soviet psychological warfare
probably will have to be altered to meet this
shift of deployment of weapons by the Allies.
But, it is insisted, no political significance
in Britain, which are now considered as There is absolutely no foundation, they
obsolescent and are scheduled to be disman- assert, to speculation that this decision may
tled in the next 12 months. There are 80 be the result of a secret deal between Presi-
Jupiters near Bari in Italy, and 15 Jupiter dent Kennedy and Premier Khrushchev.
1,500-mile missiles in Turkey. There are Many independent diplomatic observers,
protected underground sites for winged Mace however, dispute the interpretation that
missiles in West Germany and in Okinawa, there is no political import to the present
as well as some unprotected sites for older action.
Matador winged missiles elsewhere in Ger- Even if only by implicitly reacting to cir-
many. cumstances that have developed since the
Unit
d St
t
n
e
a
es a
d the Soviet Union stood
The Mace sites Still have technological
missile early warning system along its south- usefulness; the rest of our land-based over. on the brink of nuclear war in October, each
ern coast comparable to that in Alaska, sea missile sites could side independently has taken actions that
Greenland, and England. gradually be elimi- have tended to ease the tensions between
These facts nated, if the countries concerned agreed,
would seem to indicate that them
.
without significant impairment of our nu-
Moscow, from a technological. point of view, clear deterrent capability. The Soviet Union has backed considerably
would benefit more from oversea bases than from any showdown by force in Berlin.
the United States. But the other functions of our oversee Both nations have joined in a new round
There are other and more dominating rea- bases and positions are still of high impor of nuclear test ban talks now going on in
sons, however, for oversea bases, which tance. These indispensable functions in, Washington as the result of direct commu-
would make any for
ovens a Cuba for which elude the protection of our sea-air lines of nication between President Kennedy and
key would similar bxch Tur- communications with our allies and oversea Premier Khrushchev.
key (or bath) hiighghyly men dangerous,
and , in sources of raw materials; outpost warning The Soviet Union may, of course, and pre-th of
pG- litical observers. - stabilizine anoints 1ne a: eas nring functions; sumably will, shift its target of attack from
N aEU r'ox BASES SEEN the Middle East), and as backup points and missiles, but the psychological barb of con-
The U.S. Intercontinental advantage has bases for the support of limited war opera- fronting nuclear " strategic missiles at its
not eliminated the strategic need for over- tions. borders will be gone.
sea bases. Oversea airfields are still highly Even more important, U.S. bases overseas -Turkish Foreign Minister Feridon Cemal
useful for these purposes: dispersion of have tremendous political and psyeholog- Erkin made the announcement of the plans
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R0002-OO180004-9
904 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 24
to dismantle two American Jupiter missiles. Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, I am and dairymen. Such action on your part,
State Department spokesman Lincoln White greatly disturbed, as are many New as Secret..ry of Agriculture, places Maine
discussing Yorkers, at the discrimination being poultry and dairy Interests In an extremely
chid, a are ems the modernization disadvantageous position in marketing their
of weapons systems with a number of coup- practiced under Secretary Freeman's products in market areas common to pro-
tries, including Turkey." White said he is order posted on January 9, 1963. This ducers of both the Northeast and Southeast
"not prepared to say more at this point." makes in order preferential freight rates parts of the country.
I believe the people of this country on Government-ownedcorn shipped into IneI quity urgently apetition ito you restore equitable con-
withdrawals have a right to know what is behind the the Southeastern States.
withdrawals to which the administration Now, Mr. Speaker, I realize that is the ditions to the market for all feed grain
has apparently agreed. fashion around here to believe that the users, with emphasis on those of Maine and
~__ th the rest of the northeastern United States.
ed
George Washington Bridge on the north, Cr.I"ORD G. MCINTIRE,
FAIR SUPPORT AND THE BAY OF PIGS the Battery on the south, Brooklyn to Member of Congress.
INVASION the southwest, and Long Island City to -
(Mr. MINSHALL asked and was given the southeast. Mr. Speaker, this is a JANUARY 11, 1963.
permission to address the House for 1 fallacy. The State of New York has vast Hon. ORVILLE L. FREEMAN,
minute and to revise and extend his re- farm areas. In my district the greatest Secretary, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
marks.) single industry is dairy farming and of Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I have been delegated
Mr. MINSHALL. Mr. Speaker, na- course we have poultry, truck farthing, by Republican members of the New England
tional confidence in our ability to cope and so forth, in great quantity. delegation in the House of Representatives orde with the Cuban situation is at a low ebb. The Secretary's order reads: to register vigorous Janpposi ion to the
as peer
After 2 years of being permitted to The corn will be offered at a price delivered posted by you
believe that air support was pledged, but f.o.b. car at 25 cents per bushel over the taming to preferential freight rateson Gov-
withdrawn, in the Bay of Pigs Invasion, Chicago cash market price In quantities of ernment-owned corn shipped in the South-
we suddenly are advised by the Attorney 5 or more jumbo freight cars or 10 or more eastern State ?rder: "The corn will be offered
cents per
General that air cover was never offered ordinary freight sc quantities 1 As per
cars cre o or of 2 through des of 9 at a price delivered f.o.b. car at w25 ill
through 4 freight
or intended. ordinary cars, the f.o.b. price will be 271/2 bushel over the Chicago cash market price
Thousands of words have appeared in cents above the Chicago cash market price. in quantities of 5 or more jumbo freight cars
the press in the last 22 months quoting or 10 or more ordinary freight cars-in quan-
Obviously this is discrimination titles of 1 through 4 jumbo cars or of 2
invasivasioy on and pacivilian rticipant leaders and affirming Cubagainst the State of New York and all through 9 ordinary cars, the f.o.b. price
s as flatly Northeastern States. will be 271/2 cents above the Chicago cash
the promise se o of U U.S.S. . air support in April When we have complained to the De- market price."
1961. We Republicans of the New England dele-
This tremendously important contro- partment about this discrimination we Batton contend that this action under the
versy transcends political parties and have be+n put off with the ridiculous Emergency Feed Grain Act of 1961 is dis-
statement that New York has a drought criminatory, having the effect of providing-
an hone , accurate. At this late date, program in operation. Of course this is through reduced freight rates--a price ad-
i honest a and Including e report of events lead- a preposterous excuse, and will not hold vantage for feed grain users In the Southeast
In- up. The Secretary's order on freight over those in New England.
wg d to and security. the invasion
would not breach ecurit In would. In- rates covers an entirely different prob- Equity dictates that the Secretary of Agri-
stead, indicate the manner i which we lem and is in no way compensated for culture shall not extend preferential treat-
d been, and are, dealing with the by the drought program. ment under the law to one geographical area
deaead dly menace of communism just 90 Mr. Speaker, I trust the Congress will of the United States over another. In con-
miles from our shore. sonance with this consideration, we Repub-
If our leadership in military strategy go to work at once to right this grievous licans of the New England delegation in the
is shaky, sophomoric or incompetent, we wrong to.thefarmers of the Northeast. House of Representatives strongly implore
(Mr. McINTIRE (at the request of Mrs. you Immediately to take such action as is
e
1 in
b
Attorney General has presented them, we
are entitled to have our minds put at
ease.
Cuba's present threat to our national
existence will not disappear through
wishful thinking. Cuba is even more of
a threat today than it was last October.
Reports that the Russians even now are
constructing highly sophisticatedground
and air bases in Cuba makes a complete
review of our system of military policy-
making absolutely urgent. It is a Com-
munist base for propaganda, infiltration
and subversion.
ur
v ous y
q
Sr. GEORGE) was given permission to ex- necessary to liquidate this o
tend his remarks at this point in the table treatment to poultry raisers and dairy-
men of New England. We appeal to your
RECORD.)
Mr. McINTIRE. Mr. Speaker, I deep-
ly appreciate the courtesy and considera-
tion of the Congresswoman from New
York in extending me time to address
some comments to the subject of her
remarks.
I want to say that I wholeheartedly
concur with and endorse the Congress-
woman's statements, and in support
thereof I submit to the RECORD the two
following communications:
JANUARY 10, 1963.
Therefore, I am introducing a conc
lion. ORVILLE aL. FREEMAN.
rent resolution, identical in many re- Secretary, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
spects to one introduced yesterday by Washington. D.C.
Senator GOLDWATER. My resolution, DEAR MR. SECRETARY: Although no press
however, would create a special Joint release was effected on the matter. I have nuary Committee, composed on a bipartisan been advised that under date itJae ported
basis of Members of both House and n10M. the Department Agric
otice that it was offering-on an f.o.b. de-
Senate. livery basis-Government-owned grain
I urge its adoption be expedited by r (chiefly corn) at 25 cents over the Com-
both Chambers of the Congress. modify Credit Corporation bushel quotation
in Chicago. The pertinent rate is applicable
to bulk shipments of 500 tons, with a rate
DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE of 27'A cents per bushel applying on a single
STATE OF NEW YORK IN CORN car base.
PROGRAM This action was, of course. taken under
the Emergency Feed Grain Act of 1961 and
(Mrs. ST. GEORGE asked and was will have application to 12 Southeastern
given permission to address the House States. Maryland. and Delaware included.
for 1 minute and to revise and extend being extre sly unfair to me a Maine poultrymen
her remarks.)
good conscience to effect an equitable bal-
ance of costs for both feed grain users of
both New England and the Southeast.
Your serious attention to this petition will
be appreciated.
Sincerely
yours,
CLIFFORD G. MCINTIRE,
Member of Congress.
WASHINGTON STATE DOCTORS
PLAN FOR MEDICAL CARE FOR
THE AGED
(Mr. STINSON asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include an
article from the Seattle Times.)
Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, the at-
tached article from the Seattle Times
demonstrates the willingness of Wash-
ington members of the medical profes-
sion to voluntarily alleviate the medical
problems of our senior citizens:
KING COUNTY MEDICS PIONEER PAST-65
PATIENTS' PLAN
(By Hill Williams)
The King County Medical Society has dis-
covered-to its surprise-that it is pioneer-
ing In a new method intended to make sure
older persons get needed medical care.
The society on July 1 put a plan into
operation under which persons over 65 who
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