DOMINICAN CAAMANO PARALLELS CUBAN CASTRO

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120009-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 22, 2003
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: June 17, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120009-5
June 171 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
(Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin (at the
quest of Mr. MILLS.) was given permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECOap).
(Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin addressed
the House. His remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
DIET STUDY BILL
(Mr. SICKLES asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. SICKLES. Mr. Speaker, one of
our leading television news commenta-
tors recently told a nationwide audience
that despite our share of national and in-
ternational crisis, the chief topic of con-
versation in official and unofficial Wash-
ington was "let me tell you about my
diet."
We are becoming a Nation of weight
watching diet dabblers. The trouble Is,
along with the measuring eye and the
big talk, we have got the big appetite.
And too many of us are getting big all
over.
Overweight American is an unhappy
byproduct of a happy situation-our
affluent and productive society. While
much of the world is still struggling
against the diseases of starvation and
malnutrition, we fortunate Americans
may be eating ourselves to death.
Not only do we have more and better
food, but our way of life is becoming
more and more sedentary. We ride more
and walk less. Machines do more and
more of our work for us. Electric can
openers open our diet drinks, electric
knives slice the fat off our meat and now
they even have electric pepper mills.
But because we have so little opportunity
to work off our excess calories, even with
our diets, we are faced with an increas-
ing gap between our intake and the
energy we use which is reflected in that
most distressing gap between the two
ends of our belts.
Our individual and collective concern
is reflected in the totally bewildering
array of diet plans, products, and pro-
grams, with which we are confronted. I
became personally and a trifle painfully
aware of this during my first term as
Maryland's Congressman at Large when
too many of my constituents thought that
the title meant large Congressman. You
know, you can get a low calorie any-
thing-from bubble gum to lasagna;
from soda pop to split pea soup. And the
diets-the drinking man's diet; the
housewife's diet, high fat diets, liquid
diets, high carbohydrate diets, and just
plain starvation diets. All with dubious
success records. Also, there are pills,
shots, candies, and crackers designed to
whittle the waist and shed the extra
pounds. Physicians disagree, the new
ways to reduce keep coming and the
American people keep getting fat.
I think it is time, because of the direct
relationship of diet to health and physi-
cal, fitness, for the Federal Government
to undertake an effective survey of exist-
ing literature and studies of this prob-
lem and to conduct the necessary basic
research so that the American public can
have a sort of Federal measuring tape for
their waistline problem. From the out-
set, let me say that I do not expect this
study to develop information that will
make each of us as slim as the after
models in the diet ads. But I would hope
that the Surgeon General would convene
a panel of medical and nutritional ex-
perts to study the complex Interrelation-
ships between diets and health and take
a good hard look at the possible effects
of some of the food substitutes for which
Americans are spending millions each
year in our too often futile or temporary
efforts to break the next lower size bar-
rier.
To accomplish this purpose I have to-
day introduced legislation which directs
the Surgeon General to make a study of
diets and health, and report his recom-
mendations back to the Congress by
January 31, 1967. As I indicated before,
I do not expect a definitive diet which
will work for every one of us, because
people vary too greatly in their individ-
ual weight problems and In their reac-
tions to any specific remedy. But I do
hope that some guidelines will be forth-
coming which will shed some light and
enable more of us to shed our unneces-
sary and unhealthy poundage in a sensi-
ble, effective, and healthful manner.
DAVID BELL, ADMINISTRATOR OF
THE AGENCY FOR INTERNA-
TIONAL DEVELOPMENT
(Mr. FRASER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. FRASER, Mr. Speaker, I would
like to add a few words to those being
spoken today by my colleagues commem-
orating the tenure in office of David Bell,
Administrator of the Agency for Inter-
national Development.
There are few people in this Govern-
ment who have inspired so much confi-
dence from the executive branch, from
their employees, and from the members
of the legislative branch as has David
Bell.
And for many reasons. As should be
expected from every agency and depart-
ment head, he has done his job well and
with distinction. Perhaps what makes
him stand out as exceptional Is his dedi-
cation to our country in one of the most
difficult positions in our Government-
administrator of the foreign aid pro-
gram.
Under Bell, foreign aid is an important
arm of our foreign policy and one of the
most constructive programs in the his-
tory of mankind. Helping hundreds of
thousands of people to help themselves
and establish viable economies is a for-
midable undertaking.
Coupled with this are the problems
that the aid program has undergone In
the past-AID has been the target of
many a critic both within our Govern-
ment and within our Nation. Bell took
over the directorship of the program
when criticism was at Its highest.
Since then, he has gone on to right the
past wrongs of the foreign aid pro-
gram-to make it a program which
should inspire confidence in all of us.
AID has imposed the most stringent con-
ditions of self-help and performance
upon recipient countries.
13467
Under Bell's administration, foreign
aid has become more concentrated-cut-
ting the number of recipient countries
to those that show the most promise and
promptly terminating assistance when
a country can become self-supporting.
Nine less countries will receive foreign
aid in 1966 than in 1964, for example.
Reservoirs of talent and skill from the
private realm have been tapped to aid
the development of the economies and
private sectors of the less-developed
countries.
David Bell has given his Government
reason for new confidence in a strategic,
but difficultfl program. May his serv-
ice be an inspiration to all of us and to
those who come after.
DAVID E. BELL, ADMINISTRATOR
FOR THE AGENCY FOR INTER-
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
(Mr. BOGGS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute.)
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, on Decem-
ber 22, 1962, David E. Bell took office as
Administrator of the Agency for Inter-
national Development. People who knew
the problems of that office speculated he
would follow in the footsteps of his prede-
cessors and have a short tenure. But
on June 12, Mr. Bell celebrated having
been with the Agency longer than any
Administrator before him. I think we
should also celebrate his accomplish-
ments-for since that December day, 2
years and almost 6 months ago, under
his direction the foreign aid program has
made tremendous strides in improving
the quality of U.S. assistance to the de-
veloping nations.
On the day he took the oath of office,
David Bell said:
In order to conduct effective programs of
U.S. assistance to the growing strength and
security of other free countries, we must en-
gage the wisdom, resources, and the talents
of agencies throughout the Federal Govern-
ment and of the institutions throughout
our country.
And this promise was made good, for
under David Bell, a great cooperative ef-
fort has been undertaken by AID to
utilize the enormous productive and di-
verse skills and resources of the private
sector of the American economy in help-
ing the underdeveloped nations.
Under Mr. Bell's leadership, the AID
program is now utilizing the same insti-
tutions that transformed the United
States into the great nation which it is
today.
American colleges, universities, busi-
ness and professional firms and service
organizations currently hold 1,206 AID
contracts, amounting to $404 million for
technical assistance in 76 countries.
More than 200 employees of private
American thrift and cooperative associa-
tions under AID contract are helping
other countries develop savings and loan
associations, credit unions, electric dis-
tribution, housing and farm marketing
cooperatives.
Private American engineering, archi-
tectural, and construction firms are
supervising some $4 billion In capi-
tal projects in more than 50 countries
under AID. Nearly 90 percent of all
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120009-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120009-5
C?,NGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE June 17, 1965
AID architectural and engineering coda.
tracts are held by American firms.
American labor unions, local governs
ments, and universities on contract witi
AID provide specialized training in the
United States for some 6,000 people front
the developing countries each year.
There has been a rapid growth in pro
grams available to American investors
through ATD. Investment guarantees
nearly quadrupled from 1961 to 1964 tii,
the Nation. I do not think that anyone
can deny that David Bell has always
presented facts; not vague hopes and
dreams of what the program could ac-
complish. We always got answers-
never evasions.
_ He has brought the foreign aid pro-
gram from the former practice of literal-
ly giving away dollars to a program that
today consists of 85 percent products and
technical help. And almost two-thirds
a total of $1.8 billion. AID's investmen; of this will be paid back with interest.
survey program initiated 110 survey Free enterprise has been put into the
grants with the result that American in., aid picture. Dave Bell has pushed a
vestors are proceeding with new invest-_ wide range of programs designed to stim-
ments totaling a potential $15 to $20 mil'- ulate local investment and new businesses
lion. AID's new catalog, listing 1,200 in the developing nations of the world.
economic and feasibility studies for po- , In a sense, this aspect of AID is set-
tential American investors, is enlarging ting an entirely new tone to foreign as-
the opportunities for businessmen in the sistance-a tone that rings with the ex-
developing countries. citement and progress, the success and
Besides these direct cooperative efforts sometimes failure that we so dearly as-
with American private firms, most of sociate with free enterprise.
AID's dollars are now spent in the Unit -
I think that Dave Bell has helped us
ed States, which producer a beneficial to grasp the basics of the revolution of
effect on the U.S. economy. During rising expectations and to help turn the
David Bell's tenure in office the pro- nations enveloped by this revolution to-
portion of AID-financed commodity ex-. ward the United States and freedom.
penditures from U.S. business and in- Not only are poverty, hunger, and dis-
dustry increased from 79 percent in 1963,.- ease being defeated, but, most impor-
to 87 percent in 1964, and reached 94 tantly, allies are being cultivated. These
percent in the first quarter of 1965. friends are not only strong and self-
In individual categories, AID is the, sufficient, but they are free.
major financier of American exports toi Dave Bell took over the AID job after
developing countries, accounting for the novelty had all worn off. Europe,
more' than 40 percent of iron and for the most part, recovered and was well
steel product exports, 65 percent of fer- on the way to economic prosperity. The
tilizer exports, and 30 percent of rail- Communist revolution In this area had
way equipment and sales. never materialized. So the next logical
On December 22, 1962, David Bell ex- step was for the Communists to set their
pressed his great confidence in the sights on the new and very poor emerg-
American people and the American pri- ing nations of the world.
vate enterprise system. Since that time Dave Bell's job has been to help these
he has put it into practice by making less-developed countries enter the com-
the foreign aid program one of the great- -munity of nations in freedom and dig-
est cooperative efforts of the American -nits. People have to be trained, leaders
People and their Government. I would educated, capital uncovered-whole pat-
like to return that confidence by Pay- terns of life altered. This tremendous
ing tribute to an exceptional man who and Important task requires as much
has done. an exceptional job for his foresight, determination, and courage as
country. -lid the first aid programs.
DAVID, ]DELL, ADMINISTRATOR FOR
THE AGENCY FOR INTERNA-
TIONAL DEVELOPMENT
(Mr. GALLAGHER asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute.)
Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker,
David Bell is a name familiar to every
one of us here and indeed to most peo-
ple in the country. He has now served
as Administrator of the Agency for In-
ternational Development longer than the
nine previous directors of the program
during the 17-year history of U.S. for-
eign assistance.
Mr. Bell finds this to be a "minor dis-
tinction." If I may differ with him for
once, I think that this is a major dis-
tinction when a man sticks to a tough
job, a job in which he has to continually
strive to overcome great odds.
David Bell has overcome these odds
by having a firm grasp of the facts, a
clear understanding of the problems, a
characteristic of leadership and, most of
all, a strong conviction that his job is
necessary and vital to the interests of
I recall when he first appeared before
the Foreign Affairs Committee. I asked
him why he accepted such a difficult,
thankless and almost impossible task.
Re answered with his directness. He
said, because President Kennedy had
asked him.
He has now served under two Presi-
dentsand has served them well. But
iq/ R
ELS
CUBAN CASTRO
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
as given permission to address the
;douse for 1 minute.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr.
3peaker, the strength and support of
irbe1 forces in the Dominican Republic
has been grossly overrated.
Present estimates show the rebels to
number 2,500 to 5,000 fighting in a coun-
try of 3.3 million people. Despite these
small figures the rebels claim they have
c ride popular support, yet have refused
to accept free elections supervised by
toe Organization of American States.
:[f these :Dominican rebels claim to
represent over 3 million people, why
should they fear free elections?
It is the same old story we heard when
Fidel Castro came to power, and in many
respects the circumstances surrounding
Cuba and the Dominican Republic run
a shocking parallel. For example, both
Cuba and the Dominican Republic are
island nations, easily infiltrated along
the shoreline; have the Communists
using similar guerrilla tactics; have
widespread poverty; and have lived un-
der harsh Military dictatorships.
But there is another aspect to the
parallel, and that concerns reports cir-
culated about the rebel leader, Col.
Francisco Caamano Deno. We keep
hearing, for example, that Caamano is
not a Communist, that only those
around him. are the Communists. We
heard that about Fidel Castro not being
a Communist;, that only those around
him were Communists, and I hope we
have learned a lesson about that by now.
However, there are some facts about
Caarnano which need to be brought out.
He claims to be a champion of the Do-
minican people, yet his own father was
chief of the armed forces under the
brutal Trujillo regime. In addition, on
December 27, 1962, Colonel Caamano
participated in a massacre of his fellow
Dominicans at the village of Palma Sola,
near the Haitian border. The entire
village was burned, and the mission left
a large number of Dominicans either
dead or wounded.
It is clear that had the United States
acted as swiftly in Cuba as was done in
the Dominican Republic Castro and
communism would not be in Havana
today. It is .also clear that we must
pursue a firm policy in the Dominican
Republic to curb Castroism in the
Caribbean.
COME TO TEXAS
(Mr. WRIGHT asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.) -
Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, it has
come to my attention that on Thursday,
May 27, an article by Ted Lewis in the
New York Daily News has cast unwar-
ranted aspersions on the scenic grandeur
of my native State of Texas.
Commenting `upon President Johnson's
drive to beautify the general landscape
of America, Mr. Lewis, with tongue in
cheek and eyes obviously closed, dreamed
up a fantasy and passed the solemn judg-
ment that "the. Lone Star State is big
but its landscape is drab and without one
scenic beauty worth touting."
This comment, I am sure, not only
wounds the pride but inflames the pas-
sions of Texans everywhere with an eye
for beauty and a tongue for touting.
No beauty, sir? Obviously the author
never has traveled the broad, white high-
ways through the piney woods or driven
down a, country lane through the flower-
ing dogwood trails of east Texas, or seen
the mystic brooding cypress swamps at
twilight with their draping curtains of
mass filtering the fading sunset.
Well. traveled though he must be
through the subways dark and dank, Mr.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120009-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120009-5
June 17, 1965
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 13569
Concerning direct buying-I quote from
the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agri-
cultural Marketing Service 1960 Outlook
Issue of the "Marketing and Transportation
Situation" that "one of the principal reasons
why chains have adopted direct buying is
that it gives them greater control over their
supply."
The meeting of buyers and sellers at prop-
erly regulated competitive markets makes
possible the flow of livestock from sales
agency to the competitive purchaser with
ease. Consider this example on the New
York or American Stock Exchange. The
reason that some 1,200 companies list their
stocks on the New York Stock Exchange is
because they know their listing will provide
a sales center which will bring the highest
possible price obtainable because most com-
petition is available. This gentlemen, can-
not help but be true in the livestock indus-
try also.
i forth every variable. The guide-
ould be prepared by marketing
merit of Agriculture. For authoritatives and
meaningful presentation, this data should
be illustrated, published, and distributed
throughout the nation by officials of the U.S.
Department of Agriculture. The industry
today needs a definite set of guidelines or
rules on livestock marketing from a U.S. De-
partment of Agriculture source which will
set forth for the livestock producer and
feeder, complete Information on all variables
of marketing. I repeat again, these guide-
lines or rules for authoritative and meaning-
ful purpose, should be presented, published,
and illustrated and thoroughly discussed
throughout the nation by representatives
of the Packers and Stockyards Division.
Thank you.
THE COUNTRY THAT WANTED
LOVE
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent to have printed
in the RECORD an article written by
Arthur Hoppe, and published in the
Washington Star of June 16. Mr. Hoppe
has written in an interesting and pro-
vocative manner about a serious matter.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Star, June 16,
1965]
THE COUNTRY THAT WANTED LOVE
(By Arthur Hoppe)
Once upon a time there was a big, warm,
wonderful country. It had towering moun-
tains and shining rivers and fruitful plains
and lots and lots of very nice people. It was
truly a wonderful country. And what It
wanted most of all was to be loved,
Like many countries, it had been a bit of
a bully at times while growing up. It had
picked on smaller countries and pushed
weaker people around and even, on occasion,
broken its promises. But now that it was
full grown, it didn't want to grow any
more. And now that it was rich and power-
ful, it didn't want to push anybody around
any more, It just wanted to be loved.
Probably no country ever cared more what
other countries thought of it. In order to
be loved, it did all sorts of nice things, It
gave poorer countries lots of money. It gave
weaker peoples lots of help. Above all, it
was a very moral " country. It never told
lies and it always kept its promises. Which
is very important if you wish to be loved.
Oddly enough, it was loved. Oh, some
older countries said laughingly that it was
little naive and unsophisticated. And some
younger countries said enviously it was little
vain and insensitive. But most people
thought it was truly a pretty wonderful
country. And to many it represented, in
quite a real sense, the hope of a better
world.
But, of course, now that the wonderful
country was rich and strong and full grown,
it had to go out and deal with other coun-
tries as an equal. It found that other coun-
tries sometimes told lies. And sometimes
broke their promises. And were always try-
ing to push you around. In fact, it was kind
of a dog-eat-dog world.
At first, the wonderful country said this
was awful. It would, it said, devote itself
to making this a better world by "winning
the battle for men's minds." It would teach
people to be good by its shining example.
And it would never tell lies, break promises,
or push people around. Because that was
the best way to make a better world.
But this proved very difficult. And pretty
soon, as the wonderful country grew older,
it began telling little lies. Like, "That wasn't
our spy plane flying over your country." And
it began to break Its promises. Like, "We
pledge never to interfere in the affairs of our
neighbors." And it began to push people
around.
At first, because it still wanted to be
loved, the wonderful country tried to justify
what it did.
"Golly," it said, "sometimes even we have
to lie a little and cheat a little, but it's in
a good cause. And when we send our soldiers
into other countries, we're doing It for their
sakes, not for ours."
But this proved difficult, too. And it be-
came clear the wonderful country would have
to choose between being loved and pushing
people around. It did. It said, "What's so
great about being loved? Who gives a fig
what others think? It's a dog-eat-dog world
and we've got to be hard-nosed realists and
act in our own self-interest."
Which worked fine. Because when you act
in your own self-interest, you can lie and
cheat and push people around all you want.
Moreover, with its shining rivers and fruit-
ful plains and nice people, it was still a won-
derful country. Of course, it wasn't the
hope of the world any more.
Moral: If you have a neighbor who says
he doesn't give a fig what other people think
of him, count yoyx.~rware.
THE OAS IN SANTO DOMINGO
Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, the
entire world has its eyes on the Domini-
can Republic, and is waiting and hoping
that the OAS will be successful as it
seeks a peaceful solution of the crisis
that has shaken that small island nation.
President Johnson averted much
bloodshed by landing American troops in
that strife-torn land. Now, however,
American troops are being withdrawn
as the OAS develops its inter-American
force.
Recent editorials published in the
Washington Post and the New York
World-Telegram and Sun are typical of
the support the President Is receiving
from the Nation's press. I ask unani-
mous consent that these two editorials
be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorials
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
(From the Washington (D.C.) Post, June 4,
1965]
THE OAS PEACE MISSION
The new OAS peace team which has left
for Santo Domingo has a mission of great im-
portance to the whole Western Hemisphere.
Not only the future of the Dominican Re-
public but also the evolution of the American
peace system will be influenced by its work.
Officially this three-man body has been as-
signed the task of collaborating with OAS
Secretary General Jose A. Mora in seeking a
peaceful solution of the Dominican crisis.
But it also reflects a broader hope that ways
can be found to help small, volatile coun-
tries in this hemisphere in the achievement
of stability, peace, and freedom.
President Johnson made it clear in his
news conference the other day that the
United States has no interest in imposing
any particular kind of regime on the Do-
minican people. The interest of this country
in our small Caribbean neighbor is not im-
perialistic. Rather the aim of this country
and the other American governments which
have joined in sending a peace mission to
Santo Domingo is to arrest the spread of
chaos and the threat of communism and to
keep the door open to Dominican control over
Dominican affairs.
The task of the mission would be a simple
one if the hostile Dominican factions were
disposed to forget the past and cooperate in a
provisional government which could prepare
the way for fair elections. But nothing ap-
proaching a consensus on the composition of
such a government has emerged. Unless
some understanding can be worked out, it
may be necessary for the OAS to conduct an
early election or plebiscite to ascertain the
will of the people. Certainly the peace mis-
sion will have to let the factions know In
no uncertain terms that the Issues between
them must be settled by ballots rather than
bullets.
If a democratic and stable government
can be established in Santo Domingo with
the aid of the peace mission, it will be an
event of truly great significance. We do not
minimize the difficulties that will be en-
countered in reconciling hostilities, satisfying
constitutional requirements, and conducting
an election free from violence, intimidation,
and fraud. It is a challenge of immense pro-
portions. But it is also a rare opportunity to
point the way toward a new dimension in
mutual helpfulness among the American Re-
publics.
[From the New York (N.Y.) World-Telegram
and Sun, June 3, 1965]
THE OAS IN SANTO DOMINGO
In the Dominican Republic the first job
was to stop the fighting and assure the
safety of all Dominicans, as well as others
present.
The second job is to get the country's
economy working again and then to arrange
for elections at which the Dominicans can
decide how they wish to proceed.
Meanwhile, some type of temporary ad-
ministration has to be in effect.
On all these points, constructive progress
seems to be underway, although slowly.
There still is some sniping, off and on, but
the inter-American force under Gen. Hugs
Panasco Alvim, of Brazil, is taking charge
and the United States has been able to with-
draw several thousand troops. More should
come home as Alvim decides.
The United States has poured money, food
and medical supplies into the country and
the Organization of American States,
through the Industrious efforts of Secretary
General Jose A. Mora, is working on economic
recovery.
The OAS has voted to send a team of three
ambassadors (from El Salvador, Brazil, and
the United States) to help Mora with the
political problems. While both sides in the
revolution have complained about Mora, they
may yet agree to OAS supervision of the even-
tual free elections-the only way, under the
circumstances, the elections can be assured
of being free.
 13570
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120009-5
CONGRESSION4 RECORD - SENATEJune 17, 1965
The OAS even has persuaded the leaders o._ It was my privilege to be invited to
the military junta to promise that none a participate in a panel discussion, on
them will run in the elections. Wednesday evening, on "Organization of
continue Both to sides In, the civil war probably whenever hill Oceanography and Ocean Engineering
to drag theiir r heels whwhenever they can, but firm action by the OAS gradually in the United States." My fellow panel-
will overcome that handicap. At the mo- ists included such distinguished scientists
ment, even though the situation remains as Dr. Roger Revelle, Of the Harvard
serious and difficult, the prospects are Center for Population Studies, who has
brighter than 'might have been expected a been director of the famed Scripps
few days ago when confusion was in com- Oceanographic Institute,' and scientific
rnanr.. adviser to the Secretary of the Interior;
For this, on reflection, we can thank the
original decisiveness of President Johnson Dr. Paul Fye, director of the equally
in sending U.S..troops-which undoubtedly famous Woods Hole Oceanographic In-
prevented an. even worse slaughter of stitute; and Dr. Wilbert Chapman, of the
Dominicans than occurred. And the patience Van Camp Foundation. Industry was
and persistence of Mora and his OAS as- represented by Capt. H. A. Arnold, of
sociates in negotiating the understandings
now seemingly being achieved. United Aircraft Corp.; and David
Potter, director of the General Motors
Defense Laboratories. Other panelists
THE WASHINGTON. D.C.,. MEETING - were Representative PAUL ROGERS, of
ON OCEAN SCIENCE AND OCEAN Florida, an articulate and informed
ENGINEERING champion of a forward-looking, national
Mr. PEd.L. Mr. President, a most out- program for development of the oceans;
and Dr. Wakelin. The moderator was
standing 4-day meeting has just con- one of the most energetic and imagina-
eluded here in Washington. The meet- tive men of my acquaintance-the distin-
ing was remarkable for two reasons: guished scientist and engineer, Dean
first, it was concrete evidence Of a great Athelstan Spiihaus, of the University of
surge of activity in a field of primary Minnesota.
Importance for all Americans; and, sec- A great deal of the discussion centered
ond, because in spite of its significance, on the role of the Federal Government
it passed almost unnoticed. - in ocean development; and when my
The meeting was on the subject of own time came for a summation and final
oceai3, science and ocean engineering, ,omment, I asked for a show of hands
with dual sponsorship by the Marine from those supporting each of. three
Technology Society and the American ,)oints of view that had been expressed
Society of. Limnology and Oceanography. ,luring the evening:
arine Technology Society is First. No further action by the G
The M ov-
new-less than a year old. Its remark- urnment is necessary, in addition to that
able growth and achievement in less already being taken.
than a year are a tribute- to its officers Second. A self-liquidating commission
and directors, but-even more impor- ihould be established of a composition
taut-also to the fact; that it has filled -that would enjoy the confidence of the
an important void In national organiza- Ilxecutive, Congress, industry, and the
tion, by providing an organization and academic community. The commission
forum for those who are concerned, not would be charged with proposing a na-
solely with obtaining knowledge from t: onal policy in ocean development, to-
the seas, but with putting that knowl- gather with the plans and suggested
edge to use in practical engineering organization for carrying it out.
terms. Third. The Government should move
The American Society of Limnology a once to establish an appropriate
and Oceanography has a longer, but agency or other entity for ocean de-
equally successful, history, and is de- vilopment. - -
voted to the advancement of ,science in I should note that the second propo-
these fields. Perhaps some Senators si aon is consistent with a bill introduced
find "limnology" a new word, as I did. in the other House by Representative
It is perhaps most conveniently de- Rogers, and the third is consistent with
fined by simply stating that a limnologist a - bill introduced by the distinguished
is to fresh water what an oceanographer Senator from the State of Washington
is to salt water. [MMfr. MAGNUSOn]. In my view, the two
The chairman of the joint conference approachesare not at all. Incompatible.
was the distinguished former Assistant Ariong the attendees, there seemed to
Secretary of the Navy for Research and be a substantial body of opinion that the
Development, and chairman of the In- kind of entity proposed by Senator
teragency Committee on Oceanography', Mt GNUsox was realistic, coupled with a
Dr. James H, Wakelin, Jr., now president view that the step proposed by Repre-
of the Scientific Engineering Institute. ser tative ROGERS was a desirable prelim-
The meeting was significant because inary, in order to refine definitions, prob-
it provided a meeting ground for scien- lens, and the role of the organization to
tilts, engineers, and managers from the be ireated.
academic world, from private industry, On the show of hands, only a sprin-
and- from Government. The subjects -klieg of attendees-about 10-expressed
ranged from detailed studies of a single the view that government need not take
aspect of science or technology, such as furl her action. The majority preferred
"Variability in Marine Benthic Com- the establishment of a commission or
munities off Georgia" and "A Free Div- other - study group, representative of all
ing Oceanography Buoy," to broad topics, major constituents of an ocean program,
ranging from an assessment of mineral to csnduct a preliminary examination in
resources of the sea to a .full day's dis- depth, and to make recommendations
eussion Of the role of nuclear energy for a positive policy and for an action
In the sea. program. Those who preferred immedi-
ate' establishment of.a new Federal agen-
cy for ocean development were a close
second in number..
I do not regard any of this as definitive,
but :1 think it Is Indicative of a lively in-
terest in the future of the oceans. If
there was a single point of consensus, it
was that America must move forward in
ocean. development, and that this Is a
joint - responsibility of Government at
all levels, industry, and the academic
community. - -
It~is also important to note that sev-
eraldiscussants sounded a note of cau-
tion as follows: We should not move
forward without first defining our goals
and; examining all the implications of
those goals, Vast as the seas may be,
they are not an endless resource, unless
husbanded. We must be not only ener-
getic and skillful, but also wise In our
approach to the coming age of ocean
development. We must foresee the con-
sequences of our actions. -
My, own views on this point ate clear.
It was with this cautionary approach in
mindthat, on May 7, 1 spoke to the Sen-
ate about the possible establishment of
sea-grant colleges. We did not know
how to use the land profitably for agri-
culture until the great age of agri-
cultural development in science and.
technology. was spearheaded by the
mixed. scientific and technological ap-
proach of the agricultural institutions.
I believe-and many of the others pres-
ent at the meeting seemed to agree-
that we must create a similar mechanism
for the transfer of knowledge into prac-
tical applications, before we can exploit
the oceans In a similar productive man-
ner, while maintaining the principles of
conservation. -
Within a short time, I intend to intro-
duce proposed legislation designed to
meet this need. Meanwhile, my own
State of Rhode Island already is looking
ahead, thanks tothe foresight, skill, and
imagination of our oven land-grant col-
lege, the University of Rhode Island, in
developing courses In ocean science and
engineering specifically designed to meet
the State and national need. -
VIETNAM
Mr. HARRIS. Mr. ]?resident, the sit-
uation in Vietnam continues to require
calm and deliberate patience and perse-
verance on the part of the people of the
United States, as we continue to give
our aid land assistance against aggres-
sion which threatens the people and se-
curity of. the world.
Recently, Vice President HUBERT H.
HUMpxREY made at the National War
College an outstanding speech in which
he called for patience and persistence
on the part of all Americans, and said:
Liberals must learn that there are times
when American power must be used, and
that there is no substitute for power in
the face of a determined terrorist attack.
Conservatives must learn that in defeating
a Communist insurgency, the use of military
power can be counterproductive without
accompanying political effort and the ceredi-
ble promise: to the people of a better life. -
In a speech last week at Michigan
State University, the Vice President
dealt with the "curious misconception"
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120009-5