VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190012-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 27, 2003
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: July 26, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

July
26, 196 proved
For ji~ffW0300190012-6
.New Jersey: Peter J. Gannon, chief, Bu-
reau of Navigation, Department of Conserva-
tion and Economic Development, State of
New Jersey, Trenton.
New York: Cecil E. Heacox, secretary, New
York State Conservation Department, State
Office Buildings Campus, Albany.
North Carolina: L. C. Bruce, North Caro-
lina Ports Authority, Post Office Box Drawer
149, Raleigh.
North Dakota: Milo W. Hoisveen, State
engineer, 1301 State capitol, Bismark.
Ohio : Henry J. Crawford, attorney at law,
1857 Union Commerce Building, Cleveland.
Oregon: Donel J. Lane, executive secretary,
State water resources board, 600 Public
Service, Building, Salem.
Pennsylvania: A. J. Sommerville, chief en-
gineer, water resources development, Depart-
ment of Forests and Waters, room 491, Edu-
cation Building, Harrisburg.
Rhode Island: Henry Ise, chief, division
of harbors and rivers, Department of Public
Works, State of Rhode Island, Providence.
South Dakota: J. W. Grimes, State engi-
nee;,Pierre.
Tennessee: Edward Nave, senior engineer,
division of water resources, Department of
Conservation and Commerce, 201 Cordell Hull
Building, Nashville.
Texas: E. Jack Turner, Dow Chemical Co.,
Freeport.
Utah: Harold E. Wallace, 530 Judge Build-
ing, Salt Lake City.
Virginia: Col. Donald C. Hill, USA (re-
tired) chief engineer, Virginia State Ports
Authority, 1600 Maritime Tower, Norfolk.
Washington: Dorsey M. Martin, Dayton.
West Virginia: Litz McGuire, Logan.
Wisconsin: John F. Sainsbury, Brown
County Harbor Commission, courthouse,
Green Bay.
Wyoming: C. H. "Cliff" Davis, Gilette.
Puerto Rico: Jose Ysern de la Cruz, Post
Office Box 3508, San Juan.
Virgin Islands: Senator Frits Lawaeta,
St. Croix.
REPORT OF THE RESOLUTIONS COMMITTEE TO
THE 52d NATIONAL CONVENTION of THE
,.NATIONAL RIVERS AND HARBORS CONGRESS
FOREWORD
We believe that " the future of our Nation
,and its people will have to depend in large
degree on an adequate supply of fresh water.
Realizing this our congress, now and as in
years past, rededicates its best interests to
the development of projects proposed by our
Federal agencies for the purpose of conserv-
ing and expanding the natural resources of
our Nation. The time has come for a full
realization of the potentials that are evident
and our. interests are hereby dedicated to the
fruition of a full program of such develop-
ment.
FLQOD PLAIN INFORMATION
Man's encroachment on the natural flood
plains of our Nation's streams has, in many
ways, lacked economic justification when
such encroachment is considered in the eval-
uation of flood control projects. The Federal
program for advising local governments and
communities of flood damage prevention
through wise and adequate planning for
flood plain regulations has been consistent
with the funds thus far available for the pur-
pose. We suggest that the Federal appropri-
ation for flood plain information studies be
increased, in fact, from the present amount
of $1 to $3 million which will permit assist-
ance to localities now in need of help in
solving their local problems related to flood
plain encroachment.
SMALL NAVIGATION PROJECTS
The program for small navigation projects
authorized by section 107, of the River and
Harbor Act approved July 14, 1960, has pro-
vided many communities in the Nation with
projects which otherwise would have had to
wait a matter of years in some instances for
specific congressional authorization. The
success of the program is limited, however,
by annual appropriations. It is'appropriate
to suggest to our National Congress that the
amount for individual projects be increased
to $500,000 and that the annual appropri-
ation be increased to $5 million. This would
permit the adoption by the Chief of Engi-
neers of more worthwhile projects which are
for consideration under this authority
granted to him.
BANK. STABILIZATION
The Federal and State, local and private
investment in levees, transportation facilities,
bridges, docks, and industrial complexes is
so great that it behooves Congress to become
alert to the requirements for additional funds
to provide a systematic program of bank
stabilization in and along our streams.
EXPEDITE THE PROGRAM
Lack of funds or inadequate funds have
long been a delaying factor in the develop-
ment of our land and water resources. Such
delays are costly because of price increases
over a long construction period. Moreover,
early completion provides for realizing bene-
fits sooner and a return on they Federal In-
vestment. Increased appropriations to the
extent of the Federal agencies' capability to
use them are indeed appropriate.
USER CHARGES
The National Rivers and Harbors Con-
gress reaffirms its opposition to the imposi-
tion of charges in any form on the water-
ways of our Nation. The elimination of the
historic free use of these waterways can
only result in a reduction if not the extinc-
tion of this valuable asset to our economy.
In effect the imposition of taxes or charges
for the use of our waterways is glaringly
inconsistent with the basic principle that
tax reductions stimulate our economy. This
resolution is not applicable to the St. Law-
rence Waterway, the Panama Canal, or any
other international waterway supported
wholly or partially by user fees.
MANNING AND INSPECTION OF TOWING VESSELS
This Congress is opposed to any legisla-
tion which would require the inspection and
certification of certain towing vessels and
give the U.S. Coast Guard authority to spec-
ify the number of crew members for such
vessels. The present system of self-policing
by the towing-industry on inland waters has
worked well and should continue.
POLLUTION CONTROL
Whereas adequate water supplies of satis-
factory quality are vital to the economic and
social well-being of every American; and
Whereas pollution abatement has long
been a primary concern of the National Riv-
ers and Harbors Congress; and
Whereas the continued degradation of our
water resources by pollution is a barrier to
the Nation's full social, economic and recre-
ational growth and its scenic beauty; and
Whereas this degradation of water re-
sources is most prevalent in the urban areas
of the country; and
Whereas the construction grants program
of the Water Pollution Control Act has dem-
onstrated its value by stimulating the build-
ing of treatment works;, and
Whereas the existing program does not
meet present-day needs; and
Whereas the present allocation formula
and dollar ceilings on construction grants
limit participation by local governments
especially in urban areas where waste treat-
ment facilities are most needed; _ and
Whereas the States should retain respon-
sibility and authority for setting standards
of water quality for waters within their
boundaries and cooperatively with other
States and the Federal Government for inter-
state,streams: Now, therefore, be it
17481
Resolved, That the National Rivers and
Harbors Congress recommends:
1. Legislation to amend the Water Pollu-
tion Control Act to provide for allocation of
funds among the States so as to reflect more
adequately the needs for pollution abatement
facilities.
2. Legislation to amend the Water Pollu-
tion Control Act to eliminate existing dis-
criminations against large cities and urban
areas and to encourage States and localities
to take decisive action to end water pollution.
3. Legislation to amend the Water Pollu-
tion Control Act to require that States estab-
lish acceptable standards of water quality as
a prerequisite to the approval of Federal
grants-in-aid for water pollution abatement
facilities.
4. A substantial increase in Federal appro-
priations for grants-in-aid of local water pol-
lution abatement facilities.
The resolutions committee has considered
the proposed North American water and
power alliance program and requests the exe-
cutive vice president to submit available in-
formation on the project to the members of
the board of directors prior to the next an-
nual meeting In order that the board may
recommend appropriate action on this com-
prehensive project.
NATIONAL DEFENSE BENEFITS OF INLAND
WATERWAYS
It is resolved, That, while the national
defense benefits of inland navigation have
long been recognized in principle they have
not been accepted in fact to the extent the
National Rivers and Harbors Congress be-
lieves to be justified.
The National Rivers and Harbors Congress
therefore recommends that national defense
benefits be included in the evaluation of in-
land and intracostal navigation projects.
THE 200-BILLION-ELECTRON-VOLT
ACCELERATOR
(Mr. HOLIFIELD asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, and to revise and extend his re-
marks, and include extraneous matter).
Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, be-
cause of the great interest regarding the
location for a proposed 200-billion-elec-
tron-volt accelerator, I introduced into
the record on July 9 a list of 110 pro-
posals that the Atomic Energy Commis-
sion had received recommending sites
for the location of this proposed facility.
Today I wish to up-date that list by add-
ing seven additional proposals that have
been received by the Atomic Energy
Commission since that time. I ask that
the list of additional proposals be placed
in the RECORD at the conclusion of my
remarks..
I mentioned in my July 9 statement
that the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
at Berkeley, Calif., under the direction
of Dr. Edwin McMillan, had completed a
design study for a 200. Bev accelerator.
Summaries of that design study will
soon be on their way to the proposers of
a site for this accelerator facility. Ac-
cording to the LRL design study the total
construction authorization required for
this facility is now estimated to be $348
million. The report on Policy for Na-
tional Action in the Field of High Energy
Physics submitted to the Joint Com-
mittee by President Johnson in January
1965, estimated the cost for this facility
at $280 million; the policy report, how-
ever, did indicate that a more firm con-
struction. costC5timate would be avail-
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 17482
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able at the time that the Lawrence Radi-
ation Laboratory studies were completed.
Included in this $348 million estimate is
an estimate of $40 million for initial
research equipment for this facility.
I would like to reiterate what I said
in my July 9 statement, the proposed
200 Bev accelerator has not been author-
ized for construction nor has it been au-
thorized for engineering design work.
The current fiscal year 1966 Atomic En
ergy Commission authorization does per-
mit, however, a continuation of research
and development on this accelerator. I
do not anticipate that a request for au-
thorization of engineering design for this
facility will come up before the Congress
prior to next year's authorization hear-
ings-on the Atomic Energy Commission's
Fiscal Year 1967 budget. The report on
Policy for National Action in the Field
of High Energy Physics does not con-
template a request for construction funds
.until Fiscal year 1968.
Mr. Speaker, I am making these com-
ments and entering this additional list
of site proposers because I know of the
great interest in this- proposed facility
by many members of the House of Rep-
resentatives. I shall continue to try to
keep this House fully advised as to the
developments that occur in the consider-
ation of this project.
The additional seven proposals are
from Colorado] Mesa County; Kentucky,
Carrolton, Murray, Paducah; Minneso-
ta, Duluth; New Jersey, Millville, War-
ren Grove.
HUMANE TREATMENT OF LABORA-
TORY ANIMALS
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker,
today I am introducing legislation to
provide for the humane treatment of
laboratory animals. The bill which I
am introducing has the endorsement of
the Nation's largest humane organiza-
tions, the American Humane Associa-
tion and the Humane Society of the
United States. Without restricting or
reducing much-needed medical research
this new legislation will require a high
standard of humane treatment of ani-
mals used in research, thus fulfilling the
moral obligations of our society.
All Americans have been shocked by
the deplorable conditions existing in
some laboratories, and the manner in
which these animals are acquired, trans-
ported, and kept. We are all aware of
the sometimes cruel and endlessly
repetitious experimentation. A society
which adopted humane slaughter legis-
lation years ago to curb abuses and un-
necessary cruelty in the meat-processing
industry cannot sit by any longer and
permit these conditions to exist in a field
which justly prides itself in trying to
relieve pain and sufferings of humans
through research. The great failure has
been in the inability of any responsible
authority to provide minimum standards
of care which would insure the daily
humane treatment of these animals, and
which makes this legislation necessary.
My bill would establish within the De-
partment of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare an Office of Laboratory Animal Wel-
fare, which would be headed by a Co-
ordinator and would be responsible for
insuring that adequate humane proce-
dures are followed in the handling, care,
and use of laboratory animals which are
used in research financed through Fed-
eral Government funds.
Leading laboratories have already dis-
covered that the proper care and treat-
ment of animals greatly aids research
and actually reduces costs. These re-
searchers are as concerned about this
problem as the American public, and I
am sure will join in the support of legis-
lation to regulate those in the industry
which seek to profit from the sufferings
of animals in their custody.
It is of primary importance that this
country's many vital research projects
continue their fight to prevent disease
and eliminate human suffering. It is also
of importance that we guarantee humane
treatment of laboratory animals used in
this research. Responsible researchers
agree that these two goals are not in-
compatible. It is my sincere hope that
the legislation which I am introducing
today will be an effective step toward the
achievement of these objectives.
(Mrs. BOLTON asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend her
remarks.)
[Mrs. BQLTON addressed the House.
Her remarks will appear hereafter in the
Appendix.]
WAR ON WASTE
(Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin asked
and was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. THOMSON of Wisconsin. Mr.
Speaker, since this administration is
waging wars on so many fronts, I would
like to suggest a massive escalation in its
alleged war on waste. The confusions,
conflict of programs, and lack of policy
are most clearly revealed by only two ex-
amples of waste and dollar loss in the
foreign aid program. While our Gov-
ernment tries to limit overseas travel and
purchases by Americans, the Government
itself wastes millions of our dollars and
contributes to the outflow of gold.
In Brazil, we paid $3.8 million for the
shipment of Brazilian sugar to other AID
recipients, when we had Brazilian cur-
rency which could have been used and the
dollars saved.
In the United Arab Republic where we
hadsold millions of dollars worth of tal-
low for American dollars, our AID agency
through Public Law 480 has replaced the
dollar payments by giving the Arabs sur-
plus tallow for soft currencies which we
cannot use.
In Brazil we gave away dollars. In the
Arab Republic we displaced $5.3 million
of transactions which would have
improved our balance of payments and
our gold reserve.
Though, the methods they use are di-
verse, they are consistent in their abil-
ity to waste our gold. If the administra-
tion wants more than a fictional war on
waste, there is no better place to start
than right in the foreign aid program,
and no more appropriate time than now.
I am preparing a resolution designed to
stop such absurd and wasteful contradic-
tions.
-- '
-C .~2cam,
v
(Mr. CALLAWAY asked and was given
permission to address the House for
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. CALLAWAY. Mr. Speaker, to all
of us keeping a cautious eye on our for-
eign policy, the news today from Viet-
nam is particularly ominous. Saturday's
downing of an Air Force Phantom, 40
miles west of Hanoi, would in any event
be sobering news; yet in this instance,
the news is chilling, for the Phantom was
probably shot down by a Soviet surface-
to-air missile. Should this prove true,
Americans will have to face the fact that
our Government has long known of the
Hanoi area SAM sites, yet has never seen
fit to destroy them. Members of Con-
gress and responsible citizens throughout
the country have repeatedly called for
the destruction of these sites. Why
should it require the loss of American
lives and American planes to awaken us?
The downed Phantom was engaged in
a bombing mission against the Lang Chi
explosives plant 55 miles northeast of
Hanoi. I have long been among those
advocating this type of offense as the
surest means of preventing an escalated
all-out war. Recent reports of stepped
up activity in this area are, of course,
heartening. But more important, I would
hope that they are an indication of our
Government's decision to attack other
military targets in North Vietnam and
to establish a naval blockade around the
North Vietnam ports. For these are the
sort of tactics that, when used in support
of our regular forces, can prevent this
war from becoming an all-out ground
war with its frighteningly heavy cost of
American lives and material.
The President is today said to be re-
assessing his policies in light of the week-
end events. Let us hope that he will call
upon every means at our command-eco-
nomic, military, and diplomatic-to -de-
feat Communist aggression and thereby
prevent this war from becoming an all-
out land war.
RURAL YOUNG PEOPLE FROM 32
COUNTRIES TO ATTEND INTER-
NATIONAL FARM YOUTH EX-
CHANGE CONFERENCE AT KANSAS
STATE UNIVERSITY, MANHATTAN,
KANS.
(Mr. MIZE asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, inasmuch as
my State of Kansas, and Kansas State
University, Manhattan, Kans., in the
Second Congressional District, are hosts
this week to more than a hundred young
men and women from 32 countries at
the 12th annual midpoint conference of
the International Farm Youth Exchange,
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 July 26, 196 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 17567
Court's ruling that all State legislators must sions are permitted to operate in the elec- bill undertakes to provide certain hos-
be elected population. from districts roughly equal in tion of all State legislators to both branches. pital and medical service for all persons
Pep The contest is not really between Republicans of such ages, including well-to-do el-
This did excite the Senate because the and Democrats. Rather it Is between stand-
Dirksen proposal, if approved by two-thirds patters and progressivpa of both parties. derly persons able financially to provide
of the Senate and House, and three-quarters such service for themselves.
of the States, would tend to perpetuate a -z. ~ The truth is that a substantial part of
rotten-borough system that has weakened DICTATOR NUID~EN he 19 million Americans 65 and over
State government and had the effect of con-
centrating power in Federal Washington. of Ohio. Mr. President, are far better able to provide hospital
.
DIRKSEN's amendment would exempt one some American military advisers in Sai- and medical service for themselves than
branch of State legislatures from the Court's gon are distressed by the actions of the overwhelming majority of the tax-
mandate, permitting their membership to be Nguyen Cao Ky, presently Prime Min- payers who are to be taxed under the
apportioned on factors other than popula- ister or dictator of South Vietnam and bill to provide such service for them.
tion. Thus this branch would be in a pose- formerly Air Vice Marshal of South A survey conducted during recent
tion to veto the projects of the popularly Vietnam. It seems that the South Viet- Years shows these facts concerning the
elected branch, namese have a proliferation of generals, medical expenses of Americans aged 65
No more vgress, issue has notable as been it has raised s been for this
session n of Congress, air marshals, marshals and so forth, and years and over: 47.6 percent of them paid
its handling of such complex problems as very few privates to do the fighting. for such service through Blue Cross in-
those posed by discrimination against poten- This dictator has been executing some surance; 29.3 percent of them paid for
tial Negro voters and the prohibitive cost of Vietcong infiltrators as spies without such service through other private in-
medical care for the unafiiuent aged. The trial-this in retaliation for Vietcong surance or in cash possessed by them;
resolution DIEKSEN brought to the floor by brutality to prisoners. Now he is threat- 20.5 percent of them paid for such serv-
his parliamentary maneuver was identical ening the execution of war profiteers in ice under the provisions of the Kerr-
with the one he had been trying to pry out
of the that unhappy jungle country. Drum- Mills Act; and only 2.6 percent of them
Senate Judiciary Committee with a
favorable report. A few months ago it ap- head trials and executions of prisoners were unable to pay for such service in
peared that the task of persuading the com- of war should not be tolerated. one of these ways. Accordingly, this
mittee would offer no challenge to the tal- American officials in Washington and survey indicates that only 23.1 percent
ents of the Republican leader. A majority Saigon are even more distressed over a of Americans of 65 years and upward
of the 16-member committee was predisposed statement made by Ky shortly before he need Government assistance in paying
to give present State legislators some meas- took over forcibly as Prime Minister. In their hospital and medical expenses.
ure of protection in their jobs and, at the an interview he was asked, "Who are Despite same time, to rebuke the Court for meddling. this fact, this bill places upon
COSTLY sxoaTcvTa your heroes, Marshal Ky?" Did he say the Federal Government responsibility
George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, for financing hospital and medical serv-
But by the time the committee got around Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Church- ice for all the other 76.9 percent of
to voting DIRKSEN'S majority had evaporated. ;,, ,,,-? r,_w_- r, - _ -
So informed by the nose counters, DiRnaE,, Rommel? He did not. His answer For this reason, one Is justified in in-
talked, through the committee's session to was: ferring that much of the support for this
prevent a showdown in which his motion to I have only one-Hitler. I admire Hitler bill comes from those who are not pri-
report the resolution would have failed. He because he pulled his country together when marily concerned with providing hospi-
threatened further attempts to "educate" it was in a terrible state in the early thirties. tai and medical service for those elderly
the committee but decided instead to short- The situation here in South Vietnam is so unable to
cut the committee process, a decision that desperate that one man would not be enough. persons provide such service
may prove costly to him. It would be most We need four or five Hitler.$ in Vietnam. for themselves; but, on the contrary, are
unusual for Congress to sanction a consti- This is the leader in South Vietnam primarily desirous of having the Federal
tutional amendment not previously cleared Government assume bureaucratic con-
by a standing Senate committee. that our military is now supporting and trol over the lives of the American people.
The immediate cause of DIRKSEN's failure keeping in power.
in committee was the defection of Senator In my judgment, the proper approach
JAcoB JAviTS of New York. As a Republican, to the problem of hospital and medical
JAvnrs had been under pressure from Albany HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL CARE service to the elderly is that of the Kerr-
to string along with DiRKSEN. Republicans FOR THE ELDERLY Mills Act, which contains provisions suf-
in the legislature owe their strength to mal- ficient to give unlimited service of this
apportionment favoring sparsely populated Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, I am nature to those unable to provide such
hold New labor wn strong- strongly of the opinion that an obli- service for themselves while leaving to
hold ew City. When unions gation rests upon Federal, State, and the well-to-do the responsibility for pro-
and age the Dirksen civil-rights York
groups awakened to the local governments to adopt measures viding such service for themselves out
interests, JAVITS aendment from their dir which will secure needed hospital and of their own resources.
rectio . He decided to abandon the heir do medical service for our elderly citizens
cause and to sponsor a compromise amend- who are financially incapable of provid-
ment of his own. There is no solid basis for the nt must
such service for themselves. As a tion that the Federal Government must THE REAL coNTEST consequence, I have supported the Kerr- provide to-do for the health needs of the well-
to-do order to avoid a so-called de-
Nevertheless, it is assumed that majorities Mills Act which, if properly imple- grading means test for others. That is
both in the Senate and House remain more mented, would provide all needed hos-
true because the law could simply pro-
Influenced by entrenched State politicians pital and medical service without rani- vide that persons having an income be-
Is by reformist constituents. The question tation to all persons 65 years of age and low a certain amount or possessing prop-
is whether the, majorities are two-thirds. upward who are unable to provide such erty below a certain value would auto-
Until debate has progressed to the point care for themselves.
where this can be discovered, leaders of the r R- --+-;....a U_...,...-__ - ---1 _ matically be eligible for benefits under
2
less assured of the 34 votes necessary to beat known as the medicare bill. My reasons
it, they will try to filibuster it to death under for so doing are set forth in the follow- The bill seriously impairs the entire
the leadership of Senator PAUL DoucLAs, ing statement which analyzes some of social security system because of the so-
DnursEN's Democratic colleague from Illinois. the salient provisions of the bill in the cial security taxes it requires to be levied
They will argue on the floor, as they have form in which it was approved by the upon the employed and self-employed
in committee, that the fight Is not simply Senate. throughout their entire working lives.
between b
urban, the new nd rural areas but rather be- I Existing social security taxes are im-
tween old America. It is the now While the advocates of the bill profess posed at the rate of 7.25 percent upon
mushrooming suburban areas, , not the cities
themselves, that are worst victimized-by old the purpose of merely providing hospital the first $4,800 of the earnings of each
voting districts. It is the statehouse wan- and medical service for persons 65 years employee and are payable one-half by
glers, not the city bosses, who stand to lose and upward in age who are unable to the employer and one-half by the em-
most if the Court's one-man, one-vote deci- provide such service for themselves, the ployee. , This being true, the maximum
No. 135-17
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 17568
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE July 26, 1965
social security tax payable under exist- The impact of the additional social se-
ing law amounts of $348 annually. curity taxes imposed for carrying out the
Under the new medicare bill and ex- medicare program alone upon employ-
isting laws, the social security tax will ment relationships is illustrated by the
ultimately rise to a total of 11.5 percent fact that such taxes will ultimately rise
of the first Q33,600 of earnings of each under the terms of this bill from $2.4
American worker, if in some miraculous billion annually to $9.4 billion annually,
way there should be no further inflation even if the miraculous should happen
and no increase in the cost of hospital and there should be no inflation and no
and medical service, and no expansion of increase in the cost of hospital and med-
the benefits of the social security system. ical service and no expansion of the ben-
This means in plain English that each efits of the social security system.
job in America paying gross earnings There is something essentially unfair
of $6,600 a year will contribute to the in relying upon social security taxes to
Federal Government in social security provide hospital and medical service for
taxes alone $759 annually, half of such elderly persons financially incapable of
sum, or $379.50, being paid by the em- providing such services for themselves.
ployer, and the other half, or $379.50 This is so for at least two reasons.
being paid by the employee. Social security taxes are imposed sole-
The plight of the self-employed per- ly upon earnings in employment and not
son who has no employer to assist him in upon income derived from investments,
paying social security taxes upon his property, or other sources. Consequent-
earnings will be even worse. Under this ly, an obligation, which in good con-
bill and existing laws, the social security science ought to rest upon all taxpayers,
tax of the self-employed person earning is imposed solely upon one group of tax-
the maximum taxable amount; that is, payers to the exclusion of all others.
$6,600, will eventually rise to $518.10 Besides, the provisions of the bill tying
annually. the support of a medicare program for
The burden which these social secu- elderly persons financially incapable of
rity taxes will impose upon employees defraying the cost of their own health
and self-employed persons can be appre- needs to social security taxes is utterly
c:iated more readily if one bears in mind repugnant to the principle that taxer,
that they are in essence income taxes should be imposed upon persons in ac-
upon gross earnings without the advan- cordance with their ability to pay. Un-
tage of any exemptions or deductions. der the bill, a self-employed person
When one mediates upon the burdens earning $6,600 a year pays exactly the
which Congrass is placing upon earn- same social security tax as a self-em-
ings, he inevitably calls to mind Aesop's ployed person earning $66,000, or $660,-
fable about the goose which laid the 000 or $6,600,000 a year.
golden egg, and wonders whether its The medicare bill poses other serious
moral will ultimately apply to the entire problems which give me considerable
social security system. pause.
To all practical intents and purposes, It is difficult to believe that young
the United States now has three separate people will be willing to continue in em-
Federal taxes upon the funds arising out ployment or self-employment for as
of employment relationships. The first much as 40 years and pay out of their
of these is the Federal income tax, which earnings as much as $379.50 each year,
imposes a heavy burden upon the earn- if they are employed by others, or as
ings of all employers, employees, and much as $518.10 each year, if they are
self-employed persons. The second is the self-employed, for the support of a social
unemployment compensation tax which security system and a medicare program
is imposed upon payrolls, and is paid by when they are not to receive any hene-
employers. This third is the social se- fits from either of them until they have
curity tax, which is imposed upon pay- spent their youth and their middle age
rolls and is paid half by the employer and and become elderly persons. As a conse-
half by the employee. quence, it is altogether probable that the
Despite the heavy increases to be made imposition of the heavy social security
in the social security taxes, the advo- taxes will either lead to the destruction
cates of the medicare bill now admit of the social security system in its en-
what I have long contended and they tirety, or will result in pressures to
have long denied; that is, that no ade- broaden the social security system and
quate health program can be tied sole- medicare program into programs under
ly to the social security system. I say which the United States will be con-
this because the bill provides that during verted into a virtual welfare state, and
the first full year of its operation more will undertake to manage the affairs of
than $1.2 billion must be taken from the people from the womb to the tomb.
general taxes to make the bill workable. What the establishment of such a wel-
What sums will be taken from general fare state will ultimately cost in dollars,
taxes in the future for this purpose no in the character of our people, and in
'ne can now foretell. A prophet would the nature of the United States as a
not jeopardize his reputation in the least, country nobody knows.
however, if he should predict that with- We do recognize, however, as one of
drawals from general taxes for these the fundamental laws of life that when
purposes will amount to many billions of government undertakes to do for people
dollars annually in subsequent years. what people can do for themselves, the
The medicare bill illustrates the all people not only lose their liberty, but
too often repeated truth that advocates they lose their incentive to strive to bet-
of new Federal programs minimize their ter their lot-the incentive which makes
costs and their impact upon the economy the free enterprise system work and life
of the Nation, satisfying. Moreover, we can look with
misgivings to Britain which was once a
great empire upon whose flag the sun
never set. Her politicians promised her
people that the Government would re-
lieve them of the responsibility for their
own lives, and manage their affairs from
the cradle to the grave. Her people
relied upon these premises, and Britain
became a second-rate nation scarcely
able to defray the cost of her welfare
programs.
The Kerr-Mills Act is vastly superior
to the medicare bill in respect to proce-
dures for administration. This is true
because the Kerr-Mills Act is based upon
the theory that it is highly desirable to
keep as much government as near home
as possible. It places the administration
of the medical program authorized by it
in State and local governments, and re-
stricts the Federal Government to the
task of supplying most of the funds
needed for its maintenance.
The medicare bill provides, however,
that the medicare program established
by it is to be administered by the Depart-
ment of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare-a Federal Department notoriously
given to the practice of taking a mile
for every inch of authority extended to
it by Congress. This propensity on its
part is well illustrated by its current de-
mands upon school districts throughout
the country in general and throughout
the South in particular-demands which
go far beyond title VI of the Civil Rights
Act of 1964, and far beyond the Constitu-
tion as interpreted by the Federal courts.
Wecan readily surmise that in its ad-
ministration of the provisions of the
medicare program, the hand of the De-
partment of Health, Education, and Wel-
fare will reach further and further into
the field of medical practice.
I wish to indulge one more observation.
As the inevitable consequence of includ-
ing within the medicare program the mil-
lions of elderly persons financially capa-
ble of providing for their own health
needs, the medicare program is grossly
inadequate inits provisions for the hos-
pitalization of persons suffering from
chronic and protracted diseases. As it
was reported to the Senate by the Senate
Finance Committee, it, made provision
for such persons to remain in hospitals
for only 60 days, and required as a con-
dition precedent for their so doing that
they should pay $40 of the cost of their
hospitalization. As amended in the Sen-
ate, the medicare bill provides that per-
sons suffering from chonic and protracted
illnesses may be hospitalized subsequent
to the expiration of the 60-day period
only in case they are able to pay and do
pay $10 per day for such hospitalization.
The result of the effort to establish a
medicare program covering all the elderly
people, regardless of their financial abil-
ity, is that the elderly people who ought
to have Government assistance are
denied such assistance in the hour of
their greatest need.
Congress would have been wiser and
more just if it had adhered to the ap-
proach of the Kerr-Mills Act, and pro-
vided governmental assistance to elderly
people financially incapable of obtaining
such assistance for themselves, and left
all other elderly Americans with the re-
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Congress Giving Up Control of Purse gress, are the proposed doubling of the avi-
, atlpn gasoline tax, the establishment of a
EXTENSION` OI 1# MAR1 $
HON.. MELVIN R. LAIRD'
OF WISCONSIN
new soil conservation revolving fund, and the
enhancement of transportation taxes payable
into the interstate highway trust fund.
It is obvious that a supine Congress-and
the 89th Congress seems to be even more
supine than its predecessors-is rapidly re-
IN THE I3QUSg OF REPR:ESEi`TTATIVES
Monday, July 26, 1965
Mr. I,AIRI). _Mr. Speaker, every
Member of this body knows that one of
the principal powers of the legislative
branch under, our form of Government
is control of the purse strings. Every
'Member also knows that this power has
been steadily eroding away in" recent
years.
In an illuminating article which
should interest every Member of this
body,. one aspect of. this steady loss of
power was discussed by the gentleman
from Wisconsin [Mr. DAVIS].
Under unanimous consent, the article
by the gentleman from Wisconsin, en-
titled "Congress Giving Up Control of
Purse," which appeared in the July 24
issue of the Milwaukee Sentinelfollows:
CONGRESS GIVING UPS CONTROL OF PURSE
By GLENN R. DAVIS, U.S. Representative,
Ninth District, Wisconsin)
Acting in the light of their British colonial
experiences, our Founding Fathers Sought to
make certain that their elected legislative
representatives-their Congressmen-con-
trolled the Federal purse strings.
Hence, section 9 of our Federal Constitu-
tion provided: "No money shall, be drawn
from the Treasury, but in consequence 'of ap-
propriations made by law."
Sadly, 'and ominously,. Congress has slipped
into the slovenly habit of appropriating large
sums of money, mostly in accordance with
the patterns and amounts set in' the execu-
tive budget, without. proper concern for when
the money will be spent, and without ade-
quate post appropriation surveillance of the
expenditure of the money.
In short, Congress is turning over too many
signed checks to the president and his ap-
pOintoes
.
In the fiscal year just begun, July 1, the
.President, has, said he will spend, that is,
withdraw from the Treasury, $99.7 billion
during this and the succeeding 11 months.
As you will note from the upper chart, he has
asked Congress to authorize the spending of
$106.4 billion in this and subsequent fiscal
years. Thus nearly one-third ($34.4 billion)
of this year's appropriated funds would be
spent at the d_ iscretion of the President in
future years.
At the same time, the President will drain
off $27.6 billion of prior years' appropriations.
At the end of this fiscal year-June 30,
1966-there will be $101,5 billion available for
expenditure by the executive departments of
the Government. What a bundle of blank
checks, And the signer of the checks, the
Congress, has relinquished possession and
control of them.
And this is .only part of the true spending
picture. Through Government trust funds,
another $28, billion will be taken out of the
Treasury in this 12-month period. Such
trust funds include social security, medicare
(when. authorized), and the interstate high-
way way fund, to Wane a few.
As an tugtrgment of further executive con-
trol of-spending, the President has recom-
mended several new user taxes, the proceeds
of which would likewise go into trust funds
to be disbursed by executive appointees with-
out congressional appropriations,
Examples of such new sources.of revenue,
spendable without appropriation by Con-
linquishing control of the public purse.
Unless that control, is reasserted, and soon,
the Members of Congress will be reduced,
along with their, constituents, to begging for
political and economic crumbs at the back
door of the White House.
Representative James Roosevelt Calls for
Research Into. New Mass Transit Systems
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. HENRY S, REUSS
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 26, 1965
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, last Thurs-
day, July 22, Station KFI of. Los Angeles
broadcast a news brief. on the, introduc-
tion of legislation (H,R. 10004) by the
gentleman from California [Mr, .OOSE-
vELT] to setup a 2-year, $20 million fed-
erally sponsored research program to
achieve 'a technological breakthrough in
the development of new systems ofurban
transportation.
The legislation is identical to a bill I
introduced (H.R. 9200) on June 17.
Identical bills have also been introduced
by 19 other Members: the. gentleman
from Ohio ,[Mr. ASHLEY], H.R. 9201; the
gentleman from Texas [Mr. CABELL],
H.R. 9202; the gentleman from New York
[Mr. FARBSTEINI, H,R. 9763; the gentle-
man from Minnesota [Mr. FRASER], H.R.
9995; the gentleman from Ohio [Mr.
GILLIGAN], H.R. 9826; the gentlewoman
from Michigan [Mrs. GRIFFITHS], H.R.
9996; the gentleman from New York [Mr.
HALPERN], H.R. 9997; the gentleman from
New Jersey [Mr..JoELSON], H.R. 9998; the
gentleman from Maryland [Mr. LONG],
H.R. 9999; the gentleman from New York
[Mr. MCCARTHY], H.R. 10000; the gentle-
man from New Jersey [Mr. MINIsH]; H.R.
10001; the gentleman from Pennsylvania
[Mr, MOORIIEAD], H.R. 10002; the gentle-
man from New York [Mr. MuLTERI, H.R.
9203; the gentleman from New York [Mr.
ROSENTHAL], H.R. 9204; the gentleman
from Illinois [Mr. RONAN], H.R. 10003;
the gentlewoman from Missouri [Mrs.
SULLIVAN], H.R. 9205; the gentleman
from Ohio [Mr. VANIx], H.R. 9206; the
gentleman from Georgia [Mr. WELTNER],
H.R. 9207; and the gentleman from Illi-
nois [Mr. YATES], H.R. 9208.
Following is the text of the broadcast:
NEWS BROADCAST OVER,, ,STATIONXF1,' 'Los
ANGELES
California Congressman JAMES ROOSEVELT,
of Los Angeles, today trumpeted a call for
the Federal Government to initiate research
in determining what type of potential transit
systems would get people within a city mov-
ing around in a faster? cheaper, and more
efficient way.
Congressman. ROOSEVELT, simultaneously
with today's statement before the House of
Representatives, introduced legislation which
would provide the Housing and Home Fi-
A4067
nance Agency with an additional $10.mll-
lion to undertake such a research program.
The bill amends the Mass Rapid Transit Act
which Congress passed last year.
. "Unfortunately," he said "the present Mass
Rapid Transit Act can only ,help cities pur-
chase buses and replace obsolete subway
cars * * *. No substantial research is being
sponsored by the Federal Government in an
attempt to provide urban commuters with a
technological breakthrough in intracity
transportation.
"We should," Congressman ROOSEVELT ex-
plained, "be spending at least as much money
on research to provide whole new systems
which would move people about within cities
rapidly, faithfully, economically, and effi-
ciently, as we are in research on.other modes
of transportation."
"People need quick and safe ways to get
about a city," he continued, "and new. sys-
tems based on modern technology would help
alleviate smog and contribute to the eco-
nomic growth of cities and communities
which they support."
Congressman ROOSEVELT pointed out.that
it was the responsibility of the Federal Gov-
ernment to initiate such research, but cities
themselves should supplement the effort.
"A primary concern of mine, as a Los
Angeles Congressman," ROOSEVELT said, "is to
insure that there is an adequate intracity
transportation system to relieve traffic and
.parking congestion and offset the inability of
freeway. systems to meet the onslaught Of
mere automobiles.."
For KFI news, this is Richard Barton from
the Washington office of the Los Angeles
Chamber of. Commerce.
Draft Dodgi in South Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR.
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 26,1965
Mr. BROWN of California. Mr.
Speaker, yesterday's issue of the Wash-
ington Post July 26, 1965, contained a
number of significant reports concerning
the situation in South Vietnam. I would
like to call to the attention of my col-
lagues the Reuter dispatch concerning
efforts to draft more Vietnamese youth
into the Saigon Army. Apparently a
substantial number of the young men
'prefer death to fighting against the Viet-
cong. The story also includes this
statement :
Military sources-said dodging the draft has
turned into open rebellion.
This type of information, coupled with
the statistics on the current desertion
rate in the Saigon Army, may offer some
clues as to the possibility of a military
victory by the Saigon Government.
The pertinent portion of the article
follows
Meanwhile the death of 39 young Viet-
namese who drowned when they jumped from
a boat taking them to do compulsory mili-
tary service focused attention on the govern-
ment's growing recruitment problem.
. The dead youths were among 50 who leaped
from the naval vessel bound for a training
school east of Saigon with more than 300
draftees aboard, Reuter reported.
Military sources said dodging the draft has
turned into open. rebellion. While the gov-
ernment is trying to build its forces from half
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Approvect$ft9?
1 Q?i#pIR000300190 , 26, 1965
a million to 660,000 by the end of this year,
an entire new class of draft-evading, cafe-
lounging "cowboys"" has emerged in Saigon.
Ti, escape the regular police roundups they
hide, dress up as girls, or even mutilate them.
selves.
Ripon Society-Fracturer of GOP
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. GLENN R. DAVIS
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 26,1965
Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. Mr, Speak-
er, if the Ripon Society continues as it
has been acting recently, it will not need
a very large mold in order to contain
the surviving remnants of the Republican
Party.
I fail to preceive that devine right or
knowledge which gives to this rump
group, with headquarters somewhere in
an obscure college in an obscure State,
If they in good faith seek Republican
unity, they might try, for a change, to
attempt to unify with the responsible,
frontline leadership of the Republican
Party-the leadership which is operat-
ing in the Senate and the House of
Representatives.
A recent editorial, in the Milwaukee
Sentinel is in line with the above com-
ments and has prompted these frankly
disgusted remarks:
. SPLINTERS HURT
The Ripon Society, a splinter group in the
leftwing of the Republican party, is hard at
work seeing to it that the GOP stays hope-
lessly fractured.
Latest divisive effort by this group of self-
styled liberal Republican intellectuals is a
newsletter taking to task Representatives
LAIRD, of Wisconsin, and FORD of Michigan,
House GOP leaders, for playing politics with
Vietnam.
LESSON OF 1964 IS IGNORED
The only hope for a Republican comeback
rests in coalescing the right and left wings
of the party into a united force capable of
offering at least .1 little challenge to the
common enemy, the Democrats. That was
the lesson of 1964, but the Ripon Society
shows no sign of having learned It. So detri-
mental to coalition is the Ripon Society's
efforts that one is led to suspect that it Is a
Democratic front designed to keep the Re-
publican party deeply divided. If that is so,
it is probably unnecessary, for the Goldwater
wing remains as opposed as ever to yielding
in order to achieve the essential GOP coali-
tion.
It is somewhat ironic that the Ripon
Society should be criticizing LAIRD for what
it calls following the Goldwater line. Only
a few days ago, LAIRD was, in effect, criticiz-
ing Goldwater for splintering the GOP with
the Free Society association.
All of this public Republican political
quarreling must comfort Lyndon Johnson.
He's got his hands full with dissension and
power struggles in the Democratic ranks, but
he enjoys the advantage of heading a party
that knows the importance of coalition and
how to achieve it on the surface, however
turbulent things may be underneath.
Meanwhile, the Republicans go on killing
each other off. .
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 26, 1965
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, I am Con-
fident that Members of this House share
in the widespread admiration of the Vet-
erans of Foreign Wars of the United
States for its alert and continuing in- .
terest in matters pertaining to our na-
tional security.
In accordance with such a policy, the
VFW has become an effective spokesman
for the men in our Armed Forces.
Recently our Nation, and the free
world, were shocked by news of the mur-
der of Sgt. Harold G. Bennett, who was
a prisoner of the Communists in South
Vietnam. Since then other stories of
atrocities against U.S. servicemen cap-
tured by the Communists have come to
A. Jenkins, immediately issued a public
statement calling on the U.S. Govern-
ment to notify all concerned, including
the Communists, that they would be held
strictly accountable for killing and tor-
turing any of our servicemen.
It was a powerful statement made on
behalf of the 1,300,000 overseas combat
veterans who comprise the membership
of the VFW and under unanimous con-
sent I include it in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD following my remarks:
WAR CRIMINALS IN VIETNAM
WASHINGTON, D.C., July 8-The national
commander in chief of the Veterans of For-
eign Wars of the United States, Mr. John A.
Jenkins, of Birmingham, Ala., today urged
that Communists in South Vietnam be held
"strictly accountable for murders and tor-
turing of U.S. prisoners." The VFW com-
mander, who recently returned from an ex
tensive trip through southeast Asia, includ-
ing the combat areas of South Vietnam, said,
"the U.S. Government should serve formal
notice on the Communists in South Viet-
nam-and all those backing them, includ-
ing Hanoi, Red China, and the Soviet Union-
that before this war is finished, we will in-
sist upon prompt and full punishment of
those responsible for killing U.S. military and
civilian prisoners."
Explaining the VFW position, Commander
Jenkins continued, "the execution, for in-
stance, of Army Sgt. Harold G. Bennett was
nothing but cold-blooded murder. The U.S.
Government has an obligation to the mem-
ory of Sergeant Bennett and every other one
of our citizens killed or tortured by the Com-
munist bandits and terrorists in South Viet-
nam. This obligation requires us, as a na-
tion, to bring to justice anti punish all those
who help commit these evil deeds."
Conmmander Jenkins further stated that
the VFW believes, that our Government
should keep an accurate record, available to
the public, of all such atrocities against our
citizens in South Vietnam. "We cannot,"
the VFW commander said, "let this war end
without settling the account with the mur-
derrers of our patriots like Sergeant Ben-
nett."
"Those terrorists are war criminals and
they must realize that the United States
will make it certain they suffer the punish-
ment of war criminals."
Concluais g, Commander Jenkins said "The
murder of Sergeant Bennett is another rea-
son why President Johnson is absolutely cor-
rect in refusing to negotiate with the Viet-
cong. The VFW unswervingly supports Presi-
dent Johnson In his position. We of the
VFW realize that to negotiate with the Viet-
cong would mean doing business with those
whose hands are dripping with the blood
of American patriots."
Wisconsin Legislature Joint Resolution
Memorializes Congress on Firearms Act
Amendments
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. MELVIN R. LAIRD
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 26, 1965
Mr, LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, the Wiscon-
sin State Legislature in Senate Joint Res-
olution 75 memorialized the U.S. Congress
to reject the pending amendments to
the Federal Firearms Act-S, 1592. Un-
der unanimous consent, the Wisconsin
State Legislature's Senate Joint Resolu-
tion 75, which was passed by both houses
of the Wisconsin State Legislature, fol-
lows:
S.J. REs. 75
A joint resolution to memorialize the U.S.
Congress to reject the pending amend-
ments to the Federal Firearms Act (bill
S. 1592-89th Cong.)
Whereas said proposal, while attempting
United States is bill S. 1592-89th Congress,
to amend the Federal Firearms Act; and
Whereas said proposal, while attempting
to prevent recurrence of the unfortunate
events which tragically climaxed in the as-
sassination of President John F. Kennedy,
would have the effect of drastically limiting
the privilege of every responsible American
citizen to purchase hunting and sporting
small arms, which privilege is inherent in
the constitutionally guaranteed "right of the
people to keep and bear arms"; and
Whereas the sportsmen of Wisconsin have
been traditionally opposed to registration of
small arms now proposed by S. 1592--89th
Congress; and
Whereas said proposal, by requiring license
fees of $500, not only would force many small,
independent businesses out of existence, but
would also make it impractical for the
sportsman to reload cartridges for his own
use and that of his friends; and
Whereas said proposal extends Federal reg-
ulation into an area in which the States
themselves have already taken the initiative
of most careful regulation, as witnessed by
the provisions in the statutes of this State
pertaining to reckless use of weapons under
sections 941.20 to 941.24, and pertaining to
machineguns under chapter 164: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolved by the senate (the assembly con-
curring), That the Congress of the United
States be and it is hereby respectfully me-
morialized to reject bill S. 1592-89th Con-
gress in its present form, because said pro-
posal places the enforcement emphasis on
availability and possession of arms rather
than on the reckless or criminal use of arms;
and be it further
Resolved, That duly attested copies of this
resolution be transmitted to the Secretary
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