REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180036-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 36
• Publication Date: June 2, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved
June 2, 1965
For Release 2003/10/15 CIA-RDP67B00446R0003001.80036-1
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Electricity has made all this possible. We,
'as 'consumers of electricity, truly owe our
,thanks to Thomas Edison for his discovery of
electricity and to men like the late Senator
George W. Norris for his efforts in bringing
electricity to rural America.
,THE VALUE OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN OUR
HOME AND OOMMUNITY
(By Mary Ann Watkins)
I am 17. I am of the REA generation. I
have always been privileged to enjoy the
.,blessings of rural electricity. I do not know
what it means to "live in darkness"; my
memories of home will always be one of
bright, comfortable living, made possible
by REA.
"Before we had REA," is an expression I
have often. heard, And it almost seems that
the lives of the people in rural communities
have been, divided Into two areas-before
and after REA, The good old days before
electricity seem to be strictly for reminisc-
ing, and I have never heard anyone express
a desire to relive those days.
The rural people in our area are alert and
aggressive. When the power of REA surged
Into their farms, they put it to work quickly
and efficiently. It pumps their water; it
lightens the burden of the everyday farm
chores, and the tools in their well-equipped
shops enable them to repair and maintain
their equipment. By letting the light help
perform some of the 400 tasks that were
formerly done manually or with animals, I
know that the farnkers in western Nebraska
A. city visitor in our home was amazed
that the farm homes in our area were fur-
nished and equipped as well as hers in Chi-
Cago. She was genuinely surprised at the
many activities in our community in which
the farm women participate, and to find that
.rural living is so pleasant and easy. She
had never realized theREA has made it pos-
sible for the average farm wife to accomplish
10 times as much in 1 day as her ancestors
did and still have the time and energy to
enjoy the good things of life with her'family
and friends. Our friend left us with a
feeling of thankfulness that REA has made
the standard of rural living equal to that
of urban areas.
I asked my parents which luxuries they
have enjoyed most from REA. They could
not decide-the pleasure of light and power
when it is needed, or the miracle of having
an abundant water supply. Ample water
for the livestock, for every need in our home,
water for a spacious lawn and garden, and
just for a cool, fresh drink on a hot day is
a dream come true. My mother has never
forgotten when her family depended on the
wind for the water supply nor the work It
took to help carry enough water for a family
of 10,
I have never had to carry water, study by
a kerosene lamp, cook on a coal-burning
stove, or Want for the convenience of city
living. I am lucky; 'I belong to the REA
generation.
WHY I ENJOY ELECTRICITY
(By Darrell Petska)
Electricity, 'that marvelous flow of elec-
trons, has initiated many remarkable ad-
vancements since being harnessed by man-
,jcir3d Everything on this earth has profited
IOZxi this. weriul "Rant'"; therefore, there
11 Is endless` ,pen' enceyupon our friend, elec-
tricity.
Although all forms of civilization have
benefited from electricity, agriculture" has
.gained the most. Electricity makes farming
more attractive to young people-and to
their parents. It provides much more ef-
Aciexicy, much less hard work, plus the con-
venlences__a?ici' d Ilifo s of modern living in
the country.
Should I say, "I enjoy electricity," I would
11801
be making an understatement, but I do In the underdeveloped areas of the
enjoy electricity. My main reason for en- world, however, we, unfortunately, must
joying electricity is broad in nature. work with more troublesome circum-
Since I live on a farm I know the joys and stances. Capital is but one of the neees-
discomforts of farm living. Electricity has
provided an abundance of joys and'a mini- sary ingredients to economic develop-
mum of discomforts for me. This, then, is "ment which is lacking. A competent
my reason for enjoying electricity. I am labor force, modern methods of account-
tjiankful, for it has made more of my farm ing, technical know-how, and managerial
tasks easier and quicker. I enjoy electric and entrepreneurial ability are generally
power, for I know that even my grandfather conspicuous by their absence. Thus,
to did work not have- rk for for him. tremendous power ready American capital constitutes only one of
.
Forty years ago, my grandfather rose be- the necessary ingredients which the
fore dawn and hurriedly kindled the fire in economies of these countries must ob-
the old wood range. He then prepared and tain if they are to achieve significant
ate his breakfast by lamplight. growth and maturity.
The daily task of carrying water into the Yet, in southeast Asia, as the President
house from the windmill was followed by has proposed, we witness a repetition of
milking the cows-by hand, of course. a policy which has borne little fruit in
While grandfather toiled in the fields,
grandmother "slaved" in the hot, stuffy the past. We witness, furthermore, the
kitchen as she prepared dinner for her application of this policy under circum-
hungry family. stances of political chaos.
In the evening, to prepare for some infre- If, under the best of political circum-
quent "socializing" in the village the next stances, American aid to underdeveloped
day, grandfather made that familiar trek countries resulted in little, what success
out to the windmill for more water. Later, then can we expect from a massive dose
always managed man outanaged to o h t take e some dge skin razor, along with which of dollars extended to an area which is
l
the whiskers. Yes, grandfather had 'it hard characterized by political chaos?
in those days before electricity made its Mr. President, $1 billion in aid con-
appearance. stitutes a massive quantity in relation to
, Today, I rise before dawn to an electrically the economies of the countries in ques-
heated home, I flip the light switch and then tion. As a percentage of their annual
prepare breakfast by making toast in our production, $1 billion represents a sig-
.electric toaster and by frying some bacon nificant portion indeed. In the name of
and eggs on our electric skillet. After break-
fast, I milk the cows, aided by an electric efficiency and effective application, con-
milker. The milk is then cooled electrically. sequently, how valid is it to assume that
While I am doing my chores, my mother Laos, Thailand, and South Vietnam can
works effortlessly in her cool, all-electric' adequately use or absorb the amount of
kitchen.
the evening, while aid proposed?
getting ready to go What evidence is there that the tech-
to town, I' whip out my electric shaver and nical know-how, the administrative abil-
enjoy a comfortable, "nick-free" shave. At
.the turn of a faucet, I have an abundant ity, the entrepreneurial ingenuity, exist
supply of hot water furnished by our electric in these countries to adequately execute
water heater and water system. the expensive projects envisaged?
Thus, electricity has made my farm living Above all, Mr. President, what evidence
much easier and more comfortable. is there that the execution of such proj-
Should I ever begin to take electric power ects shall be blessed by sufficient politi-
for granted, I must ship and think to myself, 1 t bit th d t f
REGIONAL DEVL% DPMENT PLAN
FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA
Mr. PEARSON, Mr. President, Pres-
ident Johnson's request of Congress yes-
terday for $89 million-the first install-
ment on a vast American-supported re-
gional development plan for southeast
Asia-initiates a program which gives
rise to serious doubts.
The basic assumption, as expressed by
the President, is that a sufficient quan-
tity of American dollars is both neces-
sary and adequate to - effect economic
viability and, subsequently, political sta-
bility.
I question this assumption.
I would like to point out, consequently,
that a decade of foreign aid to the un-
derdeveloped nations of the world isp-
ified best by a singular lack of success.
In Western Europe, under the Marshall
plan, American aid was employed to re-
build an economy. The basic structure
of the economy existed. The potential
for renovation and expansion-in terms
of physical plant, technology, and ad-
ministrative know-__how-existed._ Cap-
i{,l was lacking. 'And capital was basi-
ca s a l l y m e m1 s o a raging
war
The American people are willing to
make the military sacrifices in terms of
lives and materiel which are necessary to
meet the Communist challenge in south-
east Asia. They would be no less willing
to continue economic aid if there existed
a logical and feasible hope for success.
Our foreign aid program-already
searr& with many failures-would, it
seems, be destined for another setback.
And, if the real intent of the Presi-
dent's proposal were economic progress,
Mr. President, the opposition to this pro-
posal would not be as extensive as it is.
But we cannot help wondering if this
proposal is not, in effect, an effort to buy
peace under the guise of economic assist-
ance. For I would inquire whether this
program would have been instituted if
Communist aggression were not present
in southeast Asia.
The truth that much of our foreign aid
has taught us is that we cannot buy
`friends.
We should also know that we cannot
buy peace.
THE, SHIPPING DISCRIMINATION',
AGAINST WHEAT FARMERS
SHOULD BE ENDED
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. ?esident,the
Export Control Act of 1949, extended and
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 2, 1965
amended by the 87th Congress, termi-
nates June 30 of this year and I under-
stand that hearings will be held soon on
its extension.
I hope that when the measure is taken
up the Banking and Currency Committee
will give consideration to language which
would prevent the issuance of unneces-
sary and discriminatory restrictions on
shipments of agricultural commodities.
Despite our 900-million-bushel carry-
over of wheat, we are today unable to
compete for sales to Russia, which is in
the market for wheat, because of a regu-
lation issued under the act requiring that
50 percent of any sales to the Soviet
Union be carried in American ships. The
shipping charges put our wheat out of
competition with Canada, Australia, and
other wheat-exporting nations. The
withdrawal of this regulation will not
mean any loss of jobs for seamen. They
are getting no work carrying U.S. wheat
because there are no sales.
As matters now stand, however, the
American farmer Is losing the opportu-
nity to make sales of wheat and be able
to increase his production. The Nation
loses an opportunity to improve its bal-
ance-of -payments position.
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the RECORD an editorial from
the Brookings, S. Dak., Register of May
26 in regard to the situation, indicative
of the view of the situation in wheat-
producing areas.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ARE RESTSICTIONS UNFAIR To OUR
WIIPATGaowSRS?
Are Great Plains wheatgrowers the victims
of "unfair and unrealistic restrictions" which
deny them a big cash market for their grain?
Andrew Brakke, of Presho, chairman of
Great Plains Wheat, Inc., said a clause In
the export licenses has forced the grain trade
to ship at least half of any wheat they
sell to Russia or East European countries in
U.S.-flag vessels. The sales would be for
gold or bard currency.
"This cargo-preference restriction is one
of the cruelest regulations which has ever
been forced upon U.S. wheat producers,"
Brakke declared. "It is rank discrimination
against a single minority in our American
economy-the wheat farmer-and applies to
no other commodity."
Brakke said an export license was re-
cently issued to a producer of industrial
equipment for the sale of $15 million in
machinery to Rumania. About 85 percent
of the We was to be carried on long-range
credit terms, he said.
"There was no hue and cry that this in-
dustrial equipment be shipped to Rumania in
U.S. vessels," he said. "Yet, when the U.S.
wheat farmer proposes to sell his product
abroad for good hard cash on the barrel,
he is confronted with the spectre of the
cargo-preference clause and, other tangles
of redtape."
He said U.S. wheat producers can offer for-
eign buyers competitive prices at dockside,
but that buyers refuse to pay the higher
freight rates demanded by U.S. maritime in-
terests,
"The U.S.-flag ship requirement does not
benefit anyone, including the maritime peo-
ple," }Bakke said, "because the restriction
freeezes them completely out of the market,
along with our wheat producers."
He suggested a new policy should be de-
vised which would give U.S. shipping the
volume It needs without hindering commer-
cial sales of wheat.
Great Plains Wheat, Inc., is a market pro-
motion organization supported by some
300,000 wheat farmers In South Dakota, North
Dakota, Kansas, and Colorado.
We hope changes will be made.
COLORADO STATE COLLEGE
Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, it was
in April 1889, that the then Governor
of the State of Colorado signed into law
a bill calling for the establishment of a
State Normal School at Greeley, Colo.
In October of the same year, the State
Normal School of Colorado started
classes, with a principal, four instruc-
tors, and 96 students.
Today, as it prepares to celebrate its
75th anniversary, Colorado State Col-
lege-by which name the original State
Normal School is now known-has a
campus of 317 acres, a faculty staff of
283, and carries on instruction for over
5,000 students. Also it is recognized,
along with Stanford, Peabody, Colum-
bia, and Iowa, as one of the five top
teachers colleges in the United States,
and is rated as the top teachers college
in the Rocky Mountain area.
I extend congratulation to Colorado
State College; to its new president, Dr.
Darrell Holmes, and his faculty; and to
the people of Greeley, Colo., who have
contributed so much to the growth and
success of this outstanding educational
facility. The achievement of Colorado
State College is one in which all Colo-
rado takes great pride; and I join all
the citizens of my State in wishing for
this fine college many more years of
growth and accomplishment.
In this regard, I ask unanimous con-
sent that there be printed in the RECORD
an editorial which was published on May
28 in the Greeley Tribune.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Greeley Daily Tribune and the
Greeley Republican, May 28, 1965]
CSC CAN REToicE WITH CONFIDENCE
"The purpose of the (Normal School) will
be the instruction in the science and arts of
teaching, with the aid of a suitable practice
department, and in such branches of knowl-
edge as shall qualify teachers for their pro-
fession." (From a bill signed in April 1889
by Gov. Job A. Cooper, for the establishment
of a State normal school at Greeley.)
This weekend, as the State Normal School,
now Colorado State College, observes its 75th
anniversary with 3 days of festivities, it can
feel assured that the job which it was In-
tended to do has been competently per-
formed.
If all those who had a part in the founding
of the college could look at it today, they
perhaps would be somewhat amazed at the
great strides Colorado State College has made
in fulfilling its purpose and extending itself
beyond the basic normal-school function of
teacher preparation.
Today, the graduates of Colorado State
College have a major part in shaping the
minds of young people in Colorado, and are
performing a similar role in other States
from coast to coast. The farfiung positions
of the graduates is evidence that Colorado
State College is doing a job not only in
quantity but also in quality.
Still further evidence can be found of the
esteem gained by Colorado State College in
its 75-year history. Among this evidence are
the ratings that place Colorado State College
among the top five teachers colleges in the
United States, along with Stanford, Peabody,
Columbia, and Iowa. Also included are the
judgments of the university and college
presidents of the Rocky Mountain States,
who rate Colorado State College as the top
teachers college in the area. Even more evi-
dence can be added by noting that former
students hold 60 percent of the teaching po-
sitions in Colorado and that graduates hold
presidential posts at 17 colleges.
Colorado State College has not been con-
tent, however, with merely carrying out its
role of teacher training. Throughout its
history it has sought other ways to make it
more useful to education and hence to its
State and Nation.
Early in Its history, the college began ef-
forts to upgrade the standards for teachers
and their status. During the greatest war
in its history, World War IT, Colorado State
College operated a clerical school which
trained more than 4,000 men for the Air
Force. In the wake of the war, the colleg
continued its service to the Nation through
its Air Force Reserve Officers Training Corps
program and its selection by the Federal Gov-
ernment to establish an institute of educa-
tion and research in east Pakistan to develop
faculty for teachers colleges in that country.
Other things which have made Colorado
State College of greater service are its full
graduate program. Its expansion in the
liberal arts, its department of special educa-
tion to train teachers for the mentally and
physically handicapped and its educational
planning service, which provides assistance
to school districts.
In 75 years Colorado State College has de
veloped not only an outstanding reputatioz_
In its field of service but a campus that
covers 317 acres, including an 80-acre mcnin-
tain campus, and contains more than 80
buildings. The 283-member faculty carries
on instruction for over 5,000 students in 8
academic divisions: arts; education; health,
physical education, and recreation; humani-
ties; music; nursing; science and social
science.
All this is a far cry from the State Normal
School, which started classes October 6, 1.890,
with a principal, 4 instructors and 96 stu-
dents meeting in churches and other build-
ings until the first building on campus--
Cranford Hall-could be completed.
Colorado State College has grown over the
years along with the steadily increasing en-
rollments in higher education and growing
demands for teachers. But certainly neither
of these factors would have been any ad-
vantage to Colorado State College without
presidents and faculty members highly quali-
fied for and dedicated to their missions in
education. Colorado State College has be-
come an outstanding institution because
they devoted themselves to making a better
college, preparing qualified teachers and
adapting the college to meet the educational
needs of the times.
"In some histories," Ford Cleere, director of
the Colorado State College news service,
writes, "Thomas Gray is listed as the first
president, but current historic interpretation
is to classify him as the principal of the
normal school." The person "usually ac-
corded the honor" of being the first presi-
dent, he adds, is Dr. Zachariah X. Snyder.
Dr. Snyder was followed by Dr. John G.
Crabbe, Dr. George Willard Frasier, and Dr.
William R. Ross.
This weekend as part of the 75th arm' ._-
versary celebration, the inauguration will be
held for the 5th president-Dr. Darrell
Holmes, who came here with strong cre-
dentials from San Diego State College, where
he served as an executive dean. In the short
time that he has been here, the community
has quickly learned that the board of trus-
tees of State colleges chose a man with the
background and experience and the erL-
thusiasm and vision to lead Colorado State
College to a place of even greater pram,-
inence in the latter part of its first century.
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June 2, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
The editors cited figures on the decline
of this vital industry; and the survey
substantiates the claim. WLTH caUed
attention to Senate bill 1634, which
would require labeling on steel contain-
ers sold in the United States, in order
to determine their origin, as a remedy to
the situation. The editorial and the
survey add credit to the need for swift
enactment of the bill. I ask unanimous
consent that the editorial be printed in
the RECoxp.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WLTH_ EnrroRlAL
While the stock market soars-while Amer-
ican industry, generally, is doing better than
believed possible the,, steel industry, life-
blood of northwest, Indiana, plods along.
Let us hasten to add that the industry
Is progressive when it coiaes to the develop-
ment of new techniques and new products.
It is in the forefront in the benefits and
opportunities it offers to employees.
But, alas, it suffers in the pocketbook.
After a 5-year lag In the demand for
steel-the demand was up last year. Pro-
duction was up and the return on, the sales
dollar, was up-slightly.
But the pteel industry still lagged be-
hind most other industries in return on in-
vestment. In 1963, the industry had a re-
turn on net worth of 7.2 percent, while the
return was 11.5 percent for all industry.
Since 1958, the return for all manufac-
turing has never been below 10 per-
cent while the return for the ,steel industry
has never been above 8.4 percent.
What are the reasons? Iron Age maga-
zine cites four main factors; but the main
one is competition-from other materials
such as glass, plastic and aluminum, and
competition from foreign producers of steel.
After World War II, when the steel mills
of Japan and Europe were pretty' well
bombed out, the U.S. steel industry stood out
like a beacon in a fog.
But since then a great deal of rebuild-
ing has been accomplished. And as the for-
eign producers rebuilt, they put in the fin-
est in new equipment-better than much of
the equipment then In use in the United
States of America.
In the meantime, nations which had never
been steel producers got into the act-
many with financial help from the United
States of America and from the United Na-
tions, As a result, the United States im-
ported 6,711,000 tons of steel during 1964
from 43 countries. More than a third of it
comes from Japan, and another fifth from
Belgium. We even imported steel from such
out-of-the-way places as Iceland, Taiwan,
Malta, Bermuda, and even a single ton from
Pakistan.
The upshot of all these foreign imports
is the exportation of jobs from northwest
Indiana to all kinds of farfiung places.
When you buy a steel product-you have
no way of knowing whether it was made in
this country.
This brings us to the subject of a new
bill presented in the U.S. Senate by VANcE
HARTKE, of Indiana. One of the widest
uses .for steel is in containers, cans-for
meat, vegetables, soft drinks, etc.
The Iiartke bill would make it mandatory
that steel containers made from foreign steel,
be labeled with the name of, the country
from which the steel came.
Failure of a manu#acturer to comply with
the regulation could result in a fine of up
;to $5,000 and, Imprisonment up to 1 year.
'the purpose, of course, is to discourage
the use of foreign steel in the manufacture
of containers, and it might prove a deterrent.
?But even if it didn't slow down the use
of the foreign steel, It would at least, make
us all aware of the growing problem which
the steel industry has faced-almost alone.
We trust and pray that there will never
be another war, any larger that is, than the
brush fire war-but if there should be-it
behooves the United States of America to
have a strong steel industry.
FINE WORK OF THE ' BUREAU OF
INTERNATIONAL, COM4ERCE
Mr. WILLIAMS of New. Jersey. Mr.
President, as all other Senators do, I re-
ceive every day numerous complaints
and protests against legislation or
actions of the Federal Government.
Therefore, I was particularly delighted
the other day, when a letter from Rich-
ard Kobler, of the Thomas A. Edison
Laboratory, In West Orange, N.J., came
to my desk.
Mr. Kobler had taken time to write me
a three-page letter in which he told me
of the very fine cooperation he and his
firm had received from the Bureau of
International Commerce of the Com-
merce Department. He pointed out
that, due to the Bureau's exemplary ef-
forts on his behalf, he had developed a
substantial volume of business in Great
Britain-business which he had not an-
ticipated, and which he attributed in
great part to the activities of the Bureau
of International Commerce. As Mr.
Kobler quite correctly pointed out, the
activities of the Bureau of International
Commerce have not only assisted his
firm, but, in doing so, have made a
good contribution to the correction of
our balance-of -payments problem.
In his letter, he spoke most highly
of Mr. Clausen, export operations offi-
cer in Washington; Mr. Aronowitz, of
the New York office; and, particularly,
of Mr. Donald S. Kilby, director of the
London Trade Center. To these gen-
tlemen, I offer my thanks for the help
they have given to an American busi-
nessman.
I know that all Senators will be inter-
ested in Mr. Kobler's thoughtful letter,
and I ask unanimous consent that it
be printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THOMAS A. EDISON LABORATORY,
West Orange, N.J., May 27, 1965.
Hon. HARRISON WILLIAMS,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR WILLIAMS: If I were to guess
what the mail of a U.S. Senator looks like, I
would probably assume that it must bear
some resemblance, at least in part, to some of
the mail an executive in American industry
receives, namely complaints about perform-
ance and petitions for the expediting of ac-
tions. It is my sincere hope that this letter,
If my above assumptions are true, will con-
stitute a pleasant exception because, while
not solicited by anyone, it deals with an out-
standing performance of one of our Gov-
ernment agencies.
In his constant search for two facts and
improvements, a citizen of a great democracy,
such as ours, is obliged to analyze and crit-
icize; what is, however, frequently over-
looked, is his equally important obligation
t*p point up fine performance in order-
to-en-courage not only continuation but possibly
even expansion of such successful activities.
In this spirit, Senator WILLIAMS, I would
like to draw,your attention to the Bureau
of International Commerce of the U. ,. De-
11805
partment of Commerce, and in particular
to the U.S. Trade Center in London, England.
Over the past 5 years, our laboratory devel-
oped what is now known as the Edison Re-
sponsive Environment Learning System
(ERE), a highly sophisticated multisensual
device with which children as little as 21/2
years of age can teach themselves the skills
..of reading and writing without any adult
interference; retarded, mentally 111, and even
schizophrenic and autistic children have
benefited from this interplay to 11 such an
extent that a number of them have been
saved from lifelong institutionalization and
some of them even returned to school. For
your kind perusal I am enclosing an op-
erational manual and a pamphlet produced
by our marketing affiliate, the Responsive En-
vironments Corp. In New York City.
Mr. Kurt Swinton, the English associate
and director of the Responsive Environments
Corp., initiated the thought to exhibit ERE
overseas and to have it make its debut at
the audiovisual show held by the U.S. Trade
Center in London from May 11 to May 21,
1965 at their exhibit hall (57 St. James
Street, London S.W. 1).
In spite of the enormous expenses in-
volved in such an enterprise-the air ship-
ment of some 1,500 pounds of equipment,
round-trip transportation, and several weeks
of stay in England of myself and two of my
engineers-we decided with "tongue in
cheek" to embark upon this adventure.
To a great extent our decision to partici-
pate in this show at all was influenced by the,
alertness and efficiency of the Government
personnel involved, particularly of Mr. Clau-
sen, export operations officer in Washington,
Mr. Aronowitz, of the New York office and,
above all, of Mr. Donald S. Kilby, director
of the London Trade Center. They not only
relieved us from much of the terrible paper-
work which usually would be involved in the
back and forth shipment of such equipment
but they took care of customs clearance both
here and in England, of expediting trans-
portation, etc.
Our real surprise, however, came after we
arrived in London. Mr. Kilby and his staff
had prepared a very attractive exhibition
center, dramatized the exhibit of our instru-
ment particularly within an excellent ex-
hibition area and, most importantly, did such
an outstanding job in public relations that
our instrument received a reception which
exceeded even our own expectations. In col-
laboration with Mr. Swinton, Mr. Kilby and
his staff attracted all major newspapers and
magazines, both major television and radio
networks, released fine announcements and
invitations to many hundreds of important
personalities in government as well as in be-
havioral and psychiatric research, with the
result that several hundred of the most im-
portant people in England viewed, operated,
and discussed with us in most enthusiastic
terms our instrument.
Messages to our staff were promptly re-
layed by the central switchboard, public ad-
dress and telephone booth system: room for
conferences was supplied; all this enabled us
to conduct serious business and we had a
feeling that our British friends enjoyed visit-
ing and revisiting with us.
On the basis of the success of this show,
we and our marketing affiliates seriously
contemplate to set up an overseas company
in London, charged with the distribution
of the ERE-Instrument for the total Euro-
pean territory. Our British friends assure
us that quite a few instruments will be
sold almost immediately and that the suc-
cess of these instruments in turn will stimu-
late 'further considerable business. Since
each of these instruments sell here in the
United States for $30,000, such export could
be quite interesting not only for use as a
company but also as far as its contribution
to a favorable trade balance is concerned.
In concluding I would like to say to you,
Senator WILLIAMS, that this type of corpora-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 2, 1965
tion between government and business
should not only be continued but jointly
expanded. The inertia some sectors of Amer-
ican business have to start an overseas op-
eration can be counteracted by this kind of
stimulus and cooperation. The mere fact
that representatives of American industry
can enter into a place overseas, completely
iamiliar with local business habits, is in
itself highly desirable. The showing of in-
dustrial products under these most favorable
conditions can not help but stimulate busi-
ness and the desire of American industry
to increase their efforts in international
trade.
It is my sincere hope that you shall find oc-
casion to point out some of these facts when
the time comes for Congress to review the
activities of this branch of our Government.
I myself have several ideas which may fur-
ther promote our international trade.
Should you so desire, I shall be most pleased
to discuss same with you.
Very cordially yours, ~f
RICHARD 1CODLER,
Manager.
TELONIC INDUSTRIES RECEIVES
E-AWARD
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, on May
20, 1965, Telonic Industries, Inc., of
Beech Grove, Ind., received the Presi-
dent's award for excellence in the field
of export increases. The company is to
be commended for this outstanding rec-
ord in a time when the administration,
Congress, and the public are vitally con-
cerned with the trade and payments gap.
Telonic Industries, Inc., is certain to
increase this commendable record during
1965; and I feel certain that all Sena-
tors join me in wishing this company an
even more successful year. I ask unani-
mous consent that material describing
its operation be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the memo-
randum was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
TELONIC INDUSTRIES, INC., RECEIVES
PRESIDENT's E-AWARD
Then realizing that the European market
could continue to grow and the resulting
paperwork could lead to errors in trans-
mitting orders to the production depart-
ment, Telonic designed a revolutionary new
model. All the extra optional features of
the SV-6 were incorporated into the new
instrument and each model number repre-
sented standard frequencies for a particular
country. An Italian order then need only
specify an SV-8.
Having worked through an export repre-
sentative for 10 years, Telonic decided the
interests of European customers would be
better served by dealing direct. Since this
major change the following has been ac-
complished.
1. Catalogs furnished to the French and
Spanish markets in their own tongues, and
presently under preparation is a German
catalog. A short form catalog in the local
languages will soon be available throughout
Europe.
2. Direct shipments from Indianapolis
wherever practical. Also, some equipment is
inventoried with the representative, making
off-the-shelf delivery possible.
3. Increased commissions to European rep-
resentatives, thus furnishing additional in-
centive. With this increased financial assist-
ance, representatives have improved their
technical and financial capabilities, resulting
in increased sales effectiveness.
4. Sales training visits by key engineering
and sales people have stimulated European
representatives to add cooperative advertis-
ing and trade show displays to the company
promotional program. Representatives have
shown equipment in England, Holland, Ger-
many, and France.
All printing plates used for U.S. advertising
are available to European representatives for
use in their country's publications.
Representatives in Europe are provided
demonstrators of most commonly purchased
items. These are sent on consignment. All
shipments are made by air, furnishing 24-
hour delivery in most cases. A price differ-
ential due to duties, etc., exists, however it
has been overcome through production of a
quality product, state-of-the-art engineering,
and modified product design to meet the
exact market requirements.
It is organizations like this, that are re-
sponsible for our exports increasing from
$19.6 billion in 1960 to over $26.5 billion
in 1964, an increase of over $6 billion or
more than 27 percent. For every additional
billion dollars in export sales there are cre-
ated 134,000 jobs for American workmen,
which means that a total of 3.5 million
Americans are employed today due to the
exports during 1964 being over $25 billion.
Telonic Industries, Inc., of Beech. Grove,
Ind., on May 20, 1965, received the President's
E-Award for excellence in exporting. The
award was presented to C. R. Wainwright,
Telonic president, by Anthony J. Buchar, Di-
rector of the Chicago field office, U.S. De-
partment of Commerce, at a 4 o'clock cere-
mony and open house on the plant grounds
of Telonic Industries.
The citation for the award says that
Telonic "has substantially increased export
sales of its electronic equipment through
initiative in redesign to meet foreign re-
quirements, thereby effecting a breakthrough
in a market where competitive conditions are
difficult."
In a market where 6 percent represents a
normal export figure, Telonic Industries, Inc.,
is currently exporting more than one-quarter
of its total business. This unusually high
ratio is attributable to intensified mar-
keting and adaptation of product design to
the oversea market.
As an example of product design, prior to
1959 Telonic Industries was marketing a
sweep generator in the United States for
laboratory and production line adjustment,
alinement and insepction, of the RF channels
and of sections of television receivers and of
other VHF circuits. In 1959 Telonic's presi-
dent toured Western Europe and realized the
potential market there. Telonic made its
SV-6 available to the European market. To
order the instrument for use in Italy the cus-
tomer would order the model SV-6F (the
"F" denoting foreign), specifying Italian
standards.
GREETINGS OF SENATOR WILLIAMS
OF NEW JERSEY TO ADATH
ISRAEL CENTER, OF DOVER, N.J.
Mr. WILLIAMS of New Jersey. Mr.
President, one of the many functions I
enjoy as a U.S. Senator is participation
in the numerous community and State
functions to which I am graciously
invited. It is always a matter of great
regret when I find myself unable to par-
ticipate in such a function-in this case,
the recent dedication ceremonies of the
new Dover Jewish Center, Adath Israel,
in Dover, N.J. Again, I extend to the
Jewish people in Dover my heartiest con-
gratulations for this external evidence
on their growth and progress.
I ask unanimous consent that my brief
greetings to them on that important day
be printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT BY SENATOR WILLIAMS OF NEW
JERSEY
Even before Moses, the synagogue was the
embodiment of Judaism, and the prophet
Jeremiah referred to it as "Beth Am," the
House of the Prophet. Your synagogue has
served the cultural and religious needs of
your people and has been an inspiration and
hope for the future for Jewish residents in
your community.
May the Almighty grant you and your con-
gregants many years of life and good health,
so that together you may continue to culti-
vate your faith, your work for Israel, and a
nobler society for the entire human family.
Sholom.
PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S POLICY
O
Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, my
attention has recently been called to two
different positive approaches to President
Johnson's policy on Vietnam.
The first is a Memorial Day sermon by
Rev. William D. Goble, minister of the
First Baptist Church, of Manchester, N.H.
Reverend Goble made a number of very
sound points in his sermon; and I feel
that he came straight to the point when
he said:
One of the central lessons which 20th
century history teaches us is that aggressors
must be stopped soon and not allowed to
gobble one country after another.
Mr. President, his sermon was a fine
one, and I feel that it deserves the wider
reading which will be brought about by
publication in the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
ORD. Therefore, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the sermon be printed at this
point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the sermon
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WHAT Is AMERICA DOING IN VIETNAM AND IN
THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC?
(Luke 10: 25-37: A sermon preached in the
First Baptist Church of Manchester, NH.,
by Rev. William D. Goble, minister, May
30, 1965)
About 450 young American men have lost
their lives in the undeclared war in Viet-
nam, which has been going on actually since
1954. This is about the same number of
Americans who lost their lives in the
Spanish-American War of 1898. About 19
American men have lost their lives in the
recent conflict in the Dominican Republic.
On this Memorial Day, 1965, we want to re-
member and honor these men who "gave the
last full measure of their devotion for their
country." One of our own church members.
Mark Tracy, is a marine and is fighting in
the Dominican Republic. I understand that
on the day his company landed in that coun-
try, one of his buddies with whom he had
gone through training was shot with a
machinegun and his body lay in the street,
for some time because the marines were
pinned down by the gunfire. Peter Coogins,
a member of our neighboring church, St.
Paul's Methodist Church, was shot down
in Vietnam where he was serving with the
Air Force. He survived, was decorated, and
is now, I believe, back home. Thus, the
wars in Vietnam and in the Dominican Re-
public become very personal to those who
have friends, sons, husbands who are in-
volved.
Now, some people believe that America
ought not to be involved in those wars at
all. Recently on a number of college cam-
puses, students and faculty members have
had "teach-ins" which have largely ended
up with a strong condemnation of our coun-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
try's involvement in Vietnam and In the
Dominican Republic. Some Congressmen
such as Senator WAYNE MORSE, of Oregon, and
Senator FRANK CHURCH, of Idaho, have been
equally critical of U.S. involvement in those
countries. I recently was sent a summary
of their statements entitled, "The Conscience
of the Senate on the Vietnam War." Some
clergymen of all faiths have also protested
these military actions. About a month ago
I received an urgent request to sign a peti-
tion to protest the Vietnam war. Over 2,600
clergymen signed it and the New York
Times carried a full-page statement by these
clergymen. I did not sign it. And even
more recently, clergymen, including myself,
were asked to go to Washington to demon-
strate against our military action in Viet-
nam and in the Dominican Republic. Many
,did go, but I did not.
Now, although most of u_s may disagree
with these sentiments, and I for one cer-
tainly do disagree, we must at the same time
respect for the most part this protest. I per-
sonally know some of the clergy who have
been protesting. One of their main reasons is
a hatred for war, and violence, a pacifist
philosophy. Dr. Edwin T. Dahlberg, one
of the national leaders of the protest move-
ments, Is an American Baptist pastor with
whom I ' worked in .Syracuse while I 'was in
the university. He has always been a most
highly respected pacifist. And we need the
pacifist testimony, to be reminded constantly
that war is morally wrong, and an admission
of human failure to find right solutions.
Some, of the Congressmen who have been
protesting, such as Senator FRANK CHURCH,
honestly feel that America is overextended
In the world, that we cannot be everywhere
at the same time, We can respect their point
of view also, even though we may disagree
with it. Of course, a, few of the protesters
are "beatniks," unwashed youth who don't
like any authority. A few may even be
Communist agents.
IaIgny . clergy, including myself, feel that
although war, any war, is unfortunate, yet
sometimes, under some conditions, it is nec-
essary for the United States to wage war,
just as under some circumstances it is neces-
sary for a policeman to use violence to re-
strain a criminal. I feel that the Vietnam
and the Dominican Republic conflicts are
two wars in, which the United States must be
involved, When I was in Washington last
February, I had the opportunity to be briefed
by the State Department on the Vietnam
war, and I have read many pamphlets on the
subject, and I am convinced that the. United
States is doing the right thing. May I
amplify my belief by suggesting several
points.
First of all, there is no doubt at all that
communism. is bent on world conquest,
one way or another. Russia may favor non-
violent means to world conquest, while Red
China may favor violent conflict, but the ul-
timate goal is the same: world conquest.
"We will bury you" they boast. Communism
has already succeeded in conquering East
Germany, Poland, Hungary, and other East
European countries, and in conquering North
Korea, and North Vietnam, Communism is
out to conquer the rest of the world, includ-
ing England, France, and America, and in
every country they have gents at work and
are trying every means to subvert these
countries. This is, what the Communists
axe, .trying to do in Vietnam and in the Do-
minican Republic,' and they have been at
it for many years. In 1954, we promised
South Vietnam that we would help her de-
fend herself against communist aggression.
We have made similar promises to Thailand,
to the.Philippines, to Cambodia, to Japan,
and to, any other Asian country that needs,
and wants, our help. We are in Vietnam to
}yelp. South Vietnam combat communism, to
keep free. 11iid it is clear that we will assist
the other nations also to keep free.
And we are in the Dominican Republic for
the same reason. The Castro-type Commu-
nists tried to subvert the Juan Bosch rebel
forces and take them over. A special com-
mittee of the Organization of American
Staters recently made this absolutely clear.
This country could not allow another Com-
munist Cuba' to be established within the
Western Hemisphere. We are there also, in-
cidentally, to protect the lives of many
American citizens.
This U.S. action is, of course, partly in our
own self-interest. We know that if we do
not take a strong stand in Asia and Europe
against communism, communism will be en-
couraged to think us weak, and eventually
we would be faced with a Communist in-
vasion of our own shores. One of the cen-
tral lessons which 20th century history
teaches us Is that aggressors must be stopped
soon and not allowed to gobble one country
after another.
The strong stand we are taking in Vietnam
and in the Dominican Republic is not really
a new stand for us at all. In 1914, and again
in ' 1941 the United States came out of isola-
tion to stop German world conquest. And in
the postwar years the United States has
kept Greece from going Communist; it
fought a bitter war in Korea to contain com-
munism; it has poured at least $100 billion
in foreign aid to help restore Europe and
Asia and prevent communism from using
postwar poverty and chaos as a springboard
for action. The action which we have taken
has halted violent communism, in Europe;
we now must apply the. same technique in
Asia and in South America.
As President Johnson said in his talk at
the University of Johns Hopkins (April 7,
1965) "we want nothing for ourselves, only
that the people of South Vietnam be, allowed
to guide their own country in their own way."
We are not bound on any kind of imperial-
ism; we do not seek a Pax Americana. We
are spending our billions and risking our
lives because we believe in freedom, both for
ourselves and for others who want It.
Nor do we seek, either, destruction of com-
munism as such, or Russia and Red China.
Our American stand is not part of a holy
crusade to conquer communism or any na-
tion. If, we tried that, not only would that
be unchristian, but also it would result in
atomic world war. We seek only to stop
communism from going any further in its
world conquest. We say in the word of the
Bible, "Hitherto thou shalt come, but no
further." Of course, we hope, and we ulti-
mately believe, that in time communism will
change, that it will in time respect the rights
of other nations and compete with us only in
economic and ideological terms. But in the
meantime, it must be contained by force.
Second, even as we take this firm stand in
Asia and in South America, we must always
be ready for "unconditional negotiation," to
use President Johnson's words. When the
Communists have had enough, let us be ,will-
ing to sit down with them and negotiate.
Even Communists will keep an agreement if
it is to their national interest tq,do so. We
know that military force really accomplished
only a negative result: it permits negotiation.
And third, we , must continue to be con
cerned about the economic and political and
social welfare of Asia and South America, as
we have been concerned about these in Eu-
rope. After all, communism is an idea which
feeds on poverty and chaos. The idea cannot
be beaten only on the battlefield, but must
be conquered in the minds and `hungry
stomachs of people. The Alliance for Prog-
ress is doing this, and so is the Peace Corps.
And our missionaries have been doing this
for years. The President has urged a giant
Mekong Valley project, which would help
bring prosperity to Asia.
We usually think of the parable of the
Good Samaritan as concerned only with ill-
dividual responsibility to-help others. Might
11807
it not also be a challenge for a really Chris-
tian ' nation to demonstrate a concern for
whole peoples, to help them recover from the
ravages of a robber, and also to put the rob-
ber in jail? We cannot sit idly by and let the
world be devastated by communism. Our
help is needed and we are offering it now in
Vietnam and in the Dominican Republic.
The National Council of Churches (Febru-
ary 1965) 'urges our country to try to bring
peace and to help all peoples achieve freedom
and prosperity. We agree.
Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, 2
weeks ago, the Christian Science Monitor
published aneditorial entitled "Program
for Vietnam." The editorial presents an-
other favorable appraisal of the adminis-
tration's Vietnam policy. The editorial
ends as follows:
It is encouraging to note that, while Ameri-
can determination in southeast Asia has not
flagged, there is official realization that war-
fare alone cannot possibly solve Vietnam's
problems.
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows :
[From the Christian Science Monitor, May
15, 19651
PROGRAM FOR VIETNAM
President Johnson's address to the edi-
torial cartoonists has provided further val-
uable insight into Washington's readings on
the Vietamese war.
More starkly and forcefully than ever be-
fore, Washington has let it be known that
it looks upon that war as part of a Chinese
effort to eliminate American power and in-
fluence in southeast Asia as a means to the
domination of all Asia. Not only did the
President reiterate his determination to fore-
stall
the Chinese but he also sought to sep-
arate Hanoi and Peiping by stressing that
peace talks would be to Hanoi's advantage
and that a peaceful North Vietnam could
expect American economic aid.
Particularly interesting-if this Washing-
ton reading is right-was the statement that
the Communists are coming to realize that
there is no possibility of forcing an Amer-
ican withdrawal. But equally significant
was the admission that "there is no purely
military solution in sight for either side."
These two circumstances make all the more
logical and necessary early efforts to find an
acceptable basis for peace negotiations.
But it is clear that Washington will insist
that such talks do not further Chinese im-
perialism toward the rest of Asia. And there
is ample reason to believe that both Moscow
and Hanoi (to say nothing of the rest of
non-Chinese Asia Itself) at least secretly see
eye to eye with America on this.
One can expect particularly bitter reaction
from Peiping to President Johnson's clear
effort to drive a wedge between ' North `f'iet-
nain and Communist China. There can be
few more effective ways to do this than by
convincing Hanoi that China, as the Presi-
dent -stated, "desires the war to continue
whatever the cost to their allies. Faced
with an American determination not to with-
draw from Vietnam so long as the war con-
tinues, Hanoi might well ask itself how long
it should bear ari'increasing sacrifice from
which China hopes to extract advantage.
Designed to lend substance to his offer of
aid to a peaceful North Vietnam was the
President's optimistic report that rapid
progress had been made in drafting the
"massive, cooperative development effort for
southeast Asia" mentioned in his `April 7 ad-
dress. -We' are-particularly happy to note
that it is the United Nations which is setting
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 2, 1965
up the new mechanism for this effort. This
has many practical and psychological advan-
tages.
It is encouraging to note that, while Amer-
ican determination in southeast Asia has
not flagged, there is official realization that
warfare alone cannot possibly solve Viet-
nam's problems.
Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, the
problems of American resistance to Com-
munist aggression will be with us for a
long time to come. It is really encour-
aging that in these trying days, Ameri-
cans are giving their support, and un-
derstanding to President Johnson.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, is
there further morning business?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
further morning business? If not, morn-
ing business is- closed.
NASA AUTHORIZATION FOR FISCAL
YEAR 1966
Mr. MANSFIELD. M:r. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the unfin-
ished business be laid before the Senate.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Chair lays before the Senate the unfin-
ished business, which the clerk will state.
The LEGISLATIVE CtElus:. A bill (HR.
7717) to authorize appropriations to the
National Aeronautics and Space Admin-
istration of research and development,
construction of facilities, and adminis-
trative operations, and for other pur-
poses. -
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator from New Mexico is recognized.
SENATE RESOLUTION COMMENDING
HELEN KELLER ON HER 85TH
BIRTHDAY ON JUNE 27
Mr. HILL. Mr. President, will the
Senator from New Mexico yield briefly
to me?
Mr. ANDERSON. I am happy to yield
to the Senator from Alabama.
Mr. HILL. Mr. President, I ask unani-
mous consent that the pending business
be temporarily laid aside and that the
Senate proceed to the consideration of
Senate Resolution 110, submitted on be-
half of myself and the Senator from
California [Mr. KucHELI.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
resolution will be read for the informa-
tion of the Senate.
The legislative clerk read as follows:
S. Res. 110
Whereas Miss Helen Keller will celebrate
her'85th birthday on June 27, 1965; and
Whereas this remarkable woman, through
her triumph over the blindness and deafness
which struck her in infancy, has been a sym-
bol of faith and courage and a challenging'
inspiration to all mankind; and
Whereas she has tirelessly devoted herself
to the improvement of conditions for the
physically handicapped throughout the
world; and
Whereas as counselor to the American
Foundation for the Blind, she has guided
programs to advance the economic, cultural
and social opportunities of blind and deaf-
blind'persons throughout the United States;
and
Whereas through the Helen Keller World
Crusade for the Blind, administered by the
American Foundation for Overseas Blind, she
has inspired programs for the education and
rehabilitation of blind persons around the
globe; and
Whereas Congress and the Chief Executive
have expressed deep concern in improvement
of conditions among the physically, handi-
capped, and have initiated constantly ex-
panding programs to this worthwhile end:
Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That, in recognition of the vast
contributions made by Miss Helen Keller to
the well-being of all humanity, the Senate
hereby extends its greeting and best wishes
to Miss Keller on the occasion of her 85th
birthday, which will occur on June 27, 1965;
and be it further
Resolved, That all citizens of the United
States are invited to participate in this recog-
nition of Miss Helen Keller by making her
85th birthday the occasion for reaffirmation
of their determination to assist in the im-
provement and expansion of facilities and
programs for the relief, education and re-
habilitation of all handicapped persons.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the present consideration of
the resolution?
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was considered and agreed to.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, the preamble is agreed to.
NASA AUTHORIZATION FOR FISCAL
YEAR 1966
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R.. 7717) to authorize ap-
propriations to the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration for research
and development, construction of facili-
ties, and administrative operations, and
for other purposes.
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for
the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, It is so ordered.
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the com-
mittee amendments to the bill be agreed
to en bloc, and that the bill as amended
be treated as original text.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, It is so ordered.
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, we
have before us today H.R. 7717, which as
amended by the Aeronautical and Space
Sciences Committee, authorizes appro-
priations to the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration for research
and development, construction of facili-
ties, and administrative operations for
fiscal year 1966. I am happy to report
that, as in all previous years, the mem-
bers of your committee have agreed
without objection to report this measure
to the Senate.
This is NASA's eighth annual budget,
the third in a row to remain at about
the $5.2 billion level, and the second
consecutive time that NASA's budget re-
quest was less than the request of the
previous year.
NASA's increased managerial compe-
tence in recent years is gratifying to your
committee, and is reflected in the low
percentage of the cut made from NASA's
request.
NASA asked the Congress for $5,260
million. The House Committee on Sci-
ence and Astronautics recommended an
authorization of $5,183,844,850, a reduc-
tion of 11/2 percent. The authorization
act passed the House May 6 by the over-
whelming vote of 389 to 11 without any
further amendments.
Your committee recommends an au-
thorization of $5,196,826,350, of which
$4,533,350,000 is for research and devel-
opment, $67,376,350 is for construction of
facilities, and $596,100,000 is for adminis-
trative expenses. This recommendation
is $63,173,650 less than NASA requested,
and $12,981,500 more than the House ap-
proved.
The level of the 1966 NASA budget is
accounted for by the fact that it is de-
signed to preserve the momentum of the
broad-based existing program formu-
lated by President Kennedy and the Con-
gress in 1961, rather than to provide
funds for newly approved programs.
There is, in fact, only one major new
project approved by the executive branch
during the year for which NASA is re-
questing authorization from the Con-
gress: Voyager, which will send un-
manned spacecraft to Mars by 1971.
Voyager's principal objective is to gather
information about the Martian environ-
ment-particularly whether or not life
exists on that planet.
The national space program is de-
signed to give this Nation preeminence
In space, so that whatever any man can
do there, freemen can do; and so that
man can learn to use the vastness sur-
rounding this planet for his benefit and
that of his children and of generations
yet unborn.
To accomplish this we must push back
the frontiers of knowledge and pursue
a course that requires us to learn new
things and to develop new operational
and management techniques-knowl-
edge that will be necessary for whatever
we eventually try to do in space.
Our major space effort is the Apollo
program, whose objective is to place a
man on the Moon and return him safely
to Earth by 1970.
Mr. President, we are well on our way
to fulfilling this goal. The Gemini pro-
gram, which is now underway, is a neces-
sary preliminary to a lunar landing. Al-
ready we have- had the first successful
Gemini mission of Major Grissom and
Lieutenant Commander Young. To-
morrow the fourth Gemini spacecraft
will be launched and is scheduled to circle
the earth 62 times in 4 days. This will
more than double the amount of manned
space flight time the United States now
has to its credit. Fiscal year 1966 will be
the peak year for Gemini flights;
launches are scheduled to take place
every 3 months during this period. With
the completion of the Gemini program
we will have gained the operational ex-
perience we need for extended manned
space flight, particularly with respect to
crew performance and the effects of
space flight on the astronauts' physical
condition. In addition, we will have per-
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June 2, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
The Sorry Condition of Boxing be stopped In their tracks with rotten deals
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
if the reformers demand its demise. ?
A million or more suckers packed hun-'
dreds of showplaces around the country and
paid up to $10 a throw to see the alltime
burlesque on sports.
Liston and his crowd will "take clown"
goodness knows how many thousands of dol-
lars close to a million._ _ .
Clay will do ditto, in addition to which
the stage is already set-right now, today-
for his big killing with ex-Champ Floyd
Patterson late in the summer.
CHAMPION SUCKERS
Champion of the world? It's the American
public which is a champion sucker for this
kind of circus.
HON. EMANUEL. CELLER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF'REPUESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 2, 1965
Mr. CEDER. Mr. Speaker, our
distinguished colleague, Congressman
CHARLES S. JOELSON, of New Jersey, has
shown me an article which was published
in the Paterson News the day following
the Clay-Liston heavyweight fiasco.
Since it was written by Abe J. Greene,
Commissioner of the World Boxing Asso-
ciation, I think it merits our careful con-
sideration, Mr. Greene is a knowledge-
able gentleman whose words should be
carefully heeded.
I include the, article which Is. as fol
lows:
'COUNTRY IS SUCKERED SECOND. TIME BY
LISTON; CONGRESS SHOULD ACT
(By Abe J. Greene)
RINGSIDE, FABIAN THEATRE.-America got
what it askgcl for in.tolerating a return bout
between Cassius Clay and Sonny Liston
Tuesday night in the hideaway town Of
Lewiston, Maine.
The contemptible spectacle picture of
Liston, once a vaunted heavyweight cham-
pion, ex-goon, rolling around the canvas in
the standard act of the fallen gladiator told
the story of the worst fraud perpetrated in
a heavyweight championship bout.
TWICE IN A YEAR
Twice now, in little more than a year, Lis-
ton has tricked the sports public.
A man drawing nearly a million dollars In
his first bout with Clay, Liston had quit
then ignominiously in his corner, the first
time a heavyweight champion had ever lost
his title without being knocked down and
out.
Last night, in the obscure Maine hall, with
less than 5,000 people present at the kill,
Sonny Liston went out even more myster-
iously than he did in the first "contest."
He and Clay had sparred around the ring,
the current champion emulating the butter-
fly he had described himself as he flitted
around the ring, the burly Liston tossing an
occasional punch which Clay caught on the
arms.
A GREAT ACT
Suddenly, after Clay had shot a short
right-hander which the camera just barely
caught and most ringsiders had missed,
Liston was rolling around on the mat.
Clay was surprised. Referee Jersey Joe
Walcott, of Camden, N.J., was shocked be-
yond belief and faltered in the count.
Liston, meantime, was "struggling" to get
to his feet, fell again, rolled over on his back
in thespian, style, there was confusion over
the count and it was all over.
The great Muhammud Ali-erstwhile Cas-
sius Clay-had won again while the crowd
booed, the ringside teemed with confusion
and Liston's entourage prepared to collect
their heavy boodle.
The "fight should never have been per-
mitted to go on. The World Boxing Asso-
ciation had tabooed it. Sports writers had
ridiculed it, It was booked in Boston, was
herniated into a,. postponement several
m6hth$ ago and then chased to Maine.
T'S, UP TO CONGRESS
Last'night's debacle was the payoff.
if the U.S. Congress doesn't make
good its promise to put boxing under Fed-
eral control so that scheming promoters will
Temporary Debt Ceiling
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. MASTON O'NEAL
OP GEORGIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 2, 1965
Mr. O'NEAL of Georgia. Mr. Speaker,
the May 26 issue of the Thomasville
Times-Enterprise carried a most inter-
esting editorial on a most timely subject,
the temporary debt ceiling.
My friends, Publisher Lee E. Kelly and
Editor L. Edward Kelly, as well as the
majority of the citizens of the Second
District of Georgia are most concerned
over the amount of our national, debt, I.
think there is much merit to this concern.
It gives me pleasure to submit this edi-
torial for the attention of those who feel
likewise. The editorial is especially
timely since the administration is now
asking the Congress to once again in-
crease the debt limit:
TEMPORARY DEBT CEILING
In 1918 Congress passed a law, which said
the Federal debt should not go over a certain
sum. As we recall President F. D. Roosevelt
later during the New Deal days said that
whenever the national debt reached $30 bil-
lion it would be a matter of concern. And
President F.D.R. was a free spender, as the
record shows.
The debt ceiling has progressively moved
upward and at the time President Eisen-
hower held the office of President, it reached
the sum of $285 billion, and everyone then
thought the limit had about been reached.
But as the country grew and got bigger
and bigger the demand for finances for the
Government kept. growing and the ceiling
was pushed higher and higher.
It will be recalled that in 1959 a temporary
ceiling was created, and every year since, that
temporary ceiling has stood just above the
permanent ceiling, the permanent ceiling
standing at $285 billion. Last year the tem-
porary ceiling reached $324 billion, and the
permanent ceiling still stands at $285 billion.
Now the annual request for another boost
is due, and it is expected the Congress will
do this year what it has been doing in the
past-raise the temporary ceiling to the figure
which the administration asks. There will
no doubt be the usual speeches pro and con,
but in the end the debt level will be moved
skyward.
If President Roosevelt could come back and
see where the debt ceiling figure now stands,
he would have to admit that his fears of
the danger which a higher ceiling posed, are
now out of keeping with the times.
A2819
Judging by the record of the past several
years, a temporary ceiling of at least $400
billion is likely to be reached during the next
6 or 8.years, which means that the annual in-
terest on.-the national debt will move nearer
the $15 billion figure.
Meantime, why worry about the national
debt? "Let's eat, drink, and be merry for
tomorrow we may go broke."
A Tribute to the People of Italy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES J. HOWARD
OP NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 2, 1965
Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, today is
an appropriate occasion to pay tribute to
the people of Italy for their amazing ac-
complishments since the end of World
War II and for their steadfast devotion to
the cause of European unity and of At-
lantic solidarity. Nineteen years ago, on
June 2, 1946, the Italians held their first
elections following World War II and
rejected an unhappy past to set out on a
new course. The tasks at hand were
enormous. Fascism and war had brought
large-scale destruction to the country.
Large portions of the population suffered
from severe shortages of food and cloth-
ing. There was almost a complete
absence of consumer goods. The cur-
rency was weak. A large and well-
organized Communist. Party posed an
ominous threat to newly established
democratic institutions.
These conditions could have led to
despair and chaos. That they did not is
a measure of the spirit, the vitality, and
the determination of the. Italian people.
In the relatively short period of 20 years,
prewar industries not only have been re-
built, but also expanded and modernized.
NorthernItaly has become one of the
leading Industrial centers of Europe.
Persistent efforts are transforming the
once underdeveloped region of southern
Italy. New sources of energy have been
exploited to compensate for Italy's lack
of raw materials. Unemployment has
been reduced to manageable levels.
Measures to protect the currency have
proved effective. Foreign trade has
soared while the foundations for main-
taining a favorable balance of payments
have been laid. The Communist Party,
while still uncomfortably large, has been
effectively excluded from power. Demo-
cratic institutions have taken firm root.
Italian leaders have consistently pro-
moted the movement toward European
unity. They have made the Atlantic
alliance a cornerstone of their foreign
policy.
Mr. Speaker, I am sure that there can
be no dissenting voice when I express my
esteem for the Italian people and my ad-
miration for their achievements. I. am
sure that my fellow Americans would
wish to join with me in sending them
greetings on the occasion of the 19th
anniversary of the founding of their
Republic.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX June 2, 1965
Third, he is pouring in the troops to make
sure that no one doubts American will or
purpose to restore order.
Oddly, although many at home will de-
plore all this, we don't believe all Latin
American leaders will. The proof of the pud-
ding, in their eyes, will be what comes of it.
If the United States pursues a steady
course, with OAS collaboration, which re-
sults in some sort of government freely
chosen and aiming at social justice for Do-
minicans, the President will disarm most of
his critics on the Latin left. And if he con-
tinues to act with boldness and decision, he
will gain a grudging sort of admiration from
Latins of all ideologies. For this is "ma-
chismo"-masculine strength and decisive-
ness-and they like to see a leader who has it,
particularly if he uses it with compassion
and wisdom.
In short, Latins, like Americans, respect a
doer-a man who does what he thinks is
right and just.
And we hope most Americans, as long as
the President shows every sign of keeping
a steady eye on what is right and just, will
try to quiet their misgivings and support
what that doer in the White House is doing.
EXTEII@lff OF REMARKS
of
HON. FRANK E. EVANS
OF COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 2, 065
Mr. EVANS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker,
inevitably when any man takes positive
action and asserts strong leadership,
there is going to be some criticism of
the action that he has taken.
This was true when President John-
son responded to the danger in the Do-
minican Republic and sent a contingent
of Marines to protect the lives of Amer-
icans and thousands of other nationals
and to thwart any advancement of com-
munism in the Western Hemisphere.
It, has been most heartwarming that
a great majority of the newspapers of our
Nation and a great majority of the Amer-
ican public has been solidly behind Pres-
ident Johnson in his role as leader of the
free world.
As an example, I include the following
editorial from the Denver Post:
L.B.J.: TAKE-CHARGE MAN IN ACTION
If humans can be divided into thinkers
and doers, let neither friend nor foe doubt,
after the last few days' developments in the
Dominican Republic, that Lyndon Johnson
is a doer,
Confronted last Wednesday by the chaotic
collapse of government in that unhappy re-
public, with many lives hanging on his de-
cision, he had to decide right then whether
to art, to send troops, or to delay until he
could consult with other Latin American
nations-as most thinkers would have
preferred.
Like a true doer, President Johnson sent
the troops.
We had hoped he would just rescue those
foreigners in danger, then pull out the troops
until the Organization of American States
decided what more, if anything, to do.
We should have known this would not be
L.B.J.'s way. He obviously intends to do the
whole job. Fearing, if he didn't, that Com-
munists would do the job their way, he has
undertaken to restore peace and some kind
of a government before pulling American
troops out.
Thus the President takes the big risk we
had feared-that his actions will infuriate
and alienate every Latin American who re-
calls U.S. gunboat diplomacy of bygone days.
After all, the OAS charter is quite explicit
about such action. It says, "No state or
group of states has the right to intervene,
directly or indirectly, for any reason what-
ever, in the internal or external affairs of
any other state."
The only saving feature of all his actions
is that President Johnson obviously is keenly
aware that he is twanging the rawest nerve
in the Latin psyche-the fear of the inter-
vention by the Colossus of the North. Hence
he is doing his utmost-and that is plenty-
to remove that fear and swing them behind
our course of action.
First, in his Sunday night speech he made
a clear differentiation between the stand-
ard Latin revolution and one perverted by
Communists, as Cuba's was by Castro.
Second, he pledged the United States will
use its power to try and see that the Do-
minican Republic emerges from this trial
with a government "freely chosen by the will
of all the people" and "dedicated to social
justice for every citizen." And he repeated
his invitation to OAS nations to join in that
effort.
Houston All-City Symphony Invited to
Beyreuth Music Festival
can to help them in this worthwhile en-
deavor.
Mr. Speaker, I wanted to share the
news of this great honor to a fine group
of youngsters, for I know my colleagues
share my own pride that such a distin-
guished student orchestra will represent
the United States. We all have every
reason to be proud of them.
Anniversary of the First Religious Tol-
erance Legislation in Transylvania of
June 1, 1557
EXTENSION OE REMARKS
OF
HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 2, 1965
Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
most important date in Transylvanian
history is June 1, 1557, for on that date
the Diet of Torda in Transylvania pass-
ed the first religious tolerance edict.
June 1, 1965, marks the 408th anni-
versary of the act of 1557 which pro-
vided for freedom of conscience and for
the free exercise of religion, the first
of its kind in Europe which was torn
by religious warfare between the Catho-
lics and Protestants, and often between
the various Protestant denominations
themselves.
This religious tolerance edict speaks
of the great wisdom and courage of the
Transylvanian people in that they could
so early realize that true religion comes
from the heart and from the love of
God and mankind.
Today, when Transylvania is un-
der Communist domination and when
its Hungarian and Saxon minorities are
especially oppressed, it is well that we
pause to commemorate this historic
event.
The history of Transylvania is replete
with examples of tolerance toward man-
kind. The act of 1557 was followed, in
1571, by the final act which provided that
"the word of God shall be preached
freely everywhere; no one shall be
harmed for any creed, neither preachers
nor listeners." The tenor of the acts
sound almost like the spirit of our own
Constitution and the first amendment,
and expresses the highest ideals for
which our forebears often fled from
Europe: individual and religious free-
dom.
The people of Transylvania can point
with pride to some of their ancestors who
provided the statesmanship and culture
of that country. Transylvania gave
Poland one of its greatest kings, Stephen
Batory; Queen Isabella who signed the
1557 Act of Tolerance into law was the
daughter of a Polish king and her son,
John Sigismund, was the first Prince of
Transylvania.
The famous mathematician, Eugene
Bolyai, the founder of non-Euclidan
geometry, and the great Hungarian
prince and freedom fighter Francis
Rakoczi, the ally of Louis XIV and the
great explorer of Tibet, Alexander
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BOB CASEY
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 2, 1965
Mr. CASEY. Mr. Speaker, for the first
time in its renowned history, the Bey-
reuth Wagnerian Festival in Germany
has invited an American high school or-
chestra to perform at its festivities.
We, in Houston, are extremely proud
that the honor goes to our own Houston
All-City Symphony Orchestra, composed
of 105 talented junior and senior high
school musicians.
Sponsored by the music department of
the Houston public schools, the All-City
Orchestra has appeared on television,
recorded albums, and plays for outstand-
ing civic occasions in our city and State.
This invitation is an honor they -richly
deserve, and is but one more in a grow-
ing list of such distinctions. They were
selected as the most outstanding in the
Nation by the National School Orchestra
Association, and they have performed
for the National Mid-West Band and
Orchestra Clinic in Chicago.
In this day, when we read and hear
so much about our "lost generation" of
teenagers, the beatniks and the delin-
quents, it is indeed gratifying that such
a fine group of boys and girls as this can
go abroad to show the world the true
caliber of the youth of our Nation. They
will make great ambassadors to the
world's finest music festival. They will
be a credit to our Nation, our great city,
and to their distinguished director, Harry
Lantz, who has worked so hard and pa-
tiently to develop them into the artists
they are.
At the moment, the youngsters and the
many civic-minded citizens of our area
are engaged in raising the $65,000 needed
to defray the expenses of this magnifi-
cent trip. I certainly intend to do all I
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