CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300160019-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2003
• Sequence Number: 19
• Publication Date: March 15, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

arch 15,-1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX A1181
I mule.- `Excerpts from Admiral Bird's
address as recorded in the February 25,
11165, issue of the Guam Daily News are
follows:
a?'
TAKE PULL ADVANTAGE OF FREE PORT -BIRD
bear Adel. Horace V. I3ird_yesterday urged
Guam's merchants to take full advantage of
the island's remarkable. free port status
and meet the present competitive prices_of
businesses In such places as Japan,, Hong
Kong, and the Philippines.
He told the chamber of commerce in a
speech 'at the Surf Club that there is a
tremendous military payroll here and any
local shop that "hones tly meets Japan, Hong
Kong, or Philippine prices" would find the
military co
door.
On a broader scale, he said, "suppose that
to 180 million Americans, Guam establishes
areputation of selling imported goods, orien-
tal and otherwise, at prices that compare to
Djakarta, Ban kok, Manila, Hong Kong,
Naha, or "Toll :-' The American housewife
will be boarding those Pan Am planes in great
numbers to Guam," as they do now to Gan-
der, Newfoundland; Shannon, Ireland; Ti-
juana, Mexico; and Panama City, "all of
which are free ports."
''Think this over carefully, particularly you
merchants sitting here," he said.
Ina 15-page address-"the longest I have
ever made"-the commander, Naval Forces,
Marianas gave his views, as an individual
citizen and as a military commander, on
Guam's economic potential. He touched on
a number of development possibilities for the
territory, including tourism, trade, agricul-
ture, transportation, and commerce, and their
relationships, t9 the military here.
DAILY SPENDING
Bird said the Navy's ""daily disbursement
which goes into the hands of the local citi-
zenry, civilian and military, here is $266,000,"
or $97,100,000 a year. He said he recently
conditeted a poll on what the .average military
family in Guam spends on a typical flight to
Hong Kon or Japan, and added:
"My findings were astonishing: The aver,-
age military family on a,4-day trip to Hong
Kong spends in the neighborhood 'of $800.
W,y does this money not flow Into Guam's
economy?
"Some of your stores are air conditioned
and strictly modern, They have an interest-
ing range of items on sale from Hong Kong
tailoring to assorted , china from Japan.
Souvenirs from the island and other lands
of Micronesia are also available, But we
need more of this, lots more. And, as I
mentioned before, your retail prices must
be in line with 9;. comparable with.prices in
Japan, long Fong, and the Philippines"
OPEN ,A,49A
Prefacing his discussion on tourism, Bird
noted that Guam. was a .restricted area 2
years ago, "but no more, thank goodness,"
.It Was open as Texas, and the tourists
are soon going to find this out," he said,
He said although Typhoon Karen retarded
progress considerably, 'the pathways are wide
open for taking many giant steps toward
creating a booming tourist industry. Moves
are now,underway to provide adequate hotel
and transportation and a cconrpiodations.
Distance is.no i ilger a barrier as it, was a few
decades ago.uam is within hours 'by air
to any point in the Western Hemisphere."
IiARE'LYAP1'I
Bait ,the isl?nds recreational potgiitial has
6arely>een tapped," Bird said, and there are
many' beauty spots and beaches that are
natural tourist attractions, He mentioned
Talofvfo.Falls,,Umata,c Bay and Cocos Island
where;1 a said-a, recreation. ,center could,oe
developed "when the Coast Guard leaves,"
He commends the efforts of the local
tourist bureau, adding that "I have pledged
the Navy's fullest support and we are-work-
Ing with. the bureau daily."
On other topics, Bird had this to say:
Guam now is on a major airline route from
east to west, and could be the central hub
of a north-south airline between Tokyo and
Australia. The new civilian air terminal to
be erected on land recently turned over to
the government of Guam by the Federal
Government will be a million-dollar project.
Seawise, there has been a buildup in
shipping with four scheduled shipping lines
serving the territory, and It will continue
to increase because commerce will come to
Guam.
Agriculture
Once the backbone of island economy, it
was submerged by a military economy dur-
ing World War II, and is emerging slowly.
"In order to exchange farm produce with
other nations, our agricultural experiments
presently underway should be stepped up."
Recreation
"For our military community alone, Guam
needs many more recreation facilities and
I mean all kinds." He suggested an amuse-
ment park, a marina, charter boats for fish-
ing and shelling, more conducted tours,
"Any kind of good recreation facilities will
do well because, gentleman, here is my big
point-I have been talking. about tourism
primarily as we customarily think of it-
people from the States coming through
Guam. But did you ever stop to realize
that Guam has a built-in tourist population
of over 20,000 In the, military alone? I'm a
tourist, General. Ohlke is a tourist. And the
military people have ready money, in their
pocket which they would love to spend-in
your shops and in your recreation facilities.
And I would prefer they spend it here than
in Hong Kong."
DEFENSE ROLE
Turning to Guam's defense role, Admiral
Bird said the island "is of utmost impor-
tance as a military base between the con-
tinental United States and the Far East,"
with its strategic location-"only 1,500 miles
from our operating bases on the western
rim of the Pacific, Japan, Okinawa and the
Philippines.
"Available here are all, the natural assets
and facilities needed to ake up a complete
naval complex," he said. "Guam is the one
piece of American soil in the Western Pacific
with a good deepwater harbor, sufficient land
for air bases, and the repair and storage fa-
cilities that would be needed to support a
fleet operation * * *."
Bird said the Navy also is assisting in the
construction of the commercial port project.
He said the ammunition wharf is being
moved to the outer part of the breakwater
and the Coast Guard is vacating Cabras Is-
land.
."By relocating the ammunition wharf, a
two million dollar project on the Navy's part,
the commercial port will be given necessary
ammunition clearance distances," he said.
..Bird also listed a number of school .pro-
grams negotiated by OICC contractors, and
added:
"All in all, gentlemen, our active construc-
tion outlay amounts to $62.9 million and
future proposed construction amounts to
$42.7 million, for a total figure of $105.6 mil-
lion."
I OUS14G NEED. ,..
,Pird stressed 111.,his speech the Navy's
housing needs which he termed-"most ur-
gent," and which has. "become critical" with-
in the past few months. He said the sit-
uation was the.result .of recent arrival of
260 new families of Proteus personnel, and
75 more families are waiting in the mainland
for accommodations to become available
He said it is the Navy's policy to rely on
the civilian community for family housing
"and I call on you * * * to fulfill our require-
ments. I also promise you that if enough
satisfactory housing is provided for use by
military families at a reasonable cost, addi-
tional Government-owned housing will not
be required.
On the military's food requirements, he
said most of the Navy's needs are brought in
from the mainland or Hawaii.
"The majority of our needs," he said, "such
as milk, fresh vegetables, and meat, could
be, and should be, produced locally. This is
an area in which your agriculture experts are
vitally important. If the farmers here could
produce enough quality food to stock our
messes and commissaries, I dare say the agri-
culture economy would expand.
MARGIN IN PRICES
"But until such time as you can produce
enough food to fulfill military requirements,
and as long as there exists such a large mar-
gin in prices, the military will naturally be
compelled, to continue its .present system of
food acquisition."
Answering what he termed "rumors of
questions such as 'Why is the, admiral stick-
ing his nose into Guam's economic develop-
ment'?" Bird said his "honest answer is very
simple. Any expansion of Guam is good for
emergency expansion of the military."
"It has been, and will continue to (be), the
Navy's' job to not only defend our Nation
but to also take every possible measure in
supporting the success of Guam as an eco-
nomic and commerce trading point as.well as
a tourist attraction in the Pacific."
Resolution Adopted by Nationalities
Coordinating Committee of Detroit,
Mich.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN D. DINGELL
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant
to permission granted, I insert in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a resolution
adopted by the Nationalities Coordi-
nating Committee of Detroit, Mich., on
February 7, 1965, The text of the
resolution follows:
RESOLUTION BY NATIONALITIES COORDINATING
COMMITTEE OF DETROIT, MICH.
Whereas only a small number of the per-
sons who participated in the, genocidal war
crimes committed by the. Nazis have been
brought to trial; and
Whereas West German Prosecutor Hans-
Joachim Kugler has estimated that it would
take 100 specialists a year to search through
just the U.S. Army's archives of Nazi German
documents at Alexandria, Va.; and
Whereas there are immense repositories of
incriminating documents in Israel, Poland,
the Soviet Union, and other countries still to
be examined; and
Whereas there would not be sufficient time
to examine these archives before May a,
1965, when the statute of limitations is to
go into effect; and
Whereas, under articles 25 and 139 of the
West German Federal Constitution, the
principles of international law are to take
precedence over the laws of, the German
Federal Republic; and
Whereas international law holds that. war
crimes against humanity, genocidal acts and
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 A1182
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -'APPENDIX March 15, 196
such, cannot be regarded in the category
of ordinary crimes and are not subject to a
statute of limitations; and
Whereat this principle was affirmed at the
Nuremberg trials, and by the Potsdam
agreement of August 2, 1945, in which It was
pledged that war criminals and all those who
took part in the planning and carrying out
of Nazi measures which involved or resulted
in war crimes were to be arrested and brought
to justice; and
Whereas other nations, among them
France, Belgium, Poland, Hungary, the So-
viet Union, and Israel, have eliminated the
statute of limitations on war crimes; and
Whereas West Germany can also eliminate
the statute of limitations on Nazi war crimes
without conflict with its Constitution; and
Whereas West Germany has a moral re-
sponsibility to do everything in its power to
bring every Nazi war criminal to trial and
justice; and
Whereas world public opinion has urged
the elimination of the statute of limita-
tions by West Germany: Therefore be it
Resolved, That we go on record as endors-
ing this sentiment and alining ourselves
with it; and further be it
Resolved, That we urge the West German
Government to rescind its decision to apply
a, statute of limitations on Nazi war crimes
effective May 8, 1965, and that instead it ex-
tend the period for at least 10 years or
without limitation; and further be it
Resolved, That we call upon the President
of the United States to use his good offices in
this regard and upon Congress to act also,,
and further be it
Resolved, that copies of this resolution be
sent to the Ambassador of the German Fed-
eral Republic, the President of the United
:states, the Secretary of State, and Congress
n.
of
HON. THADDEUS J.
Or NEW YORE
DULSKI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
BANNED
As I stood there at the entrance to the
covered railroad bridge, one of the soldiers
whipped out a camera and began "shooting"
me.
The British Information service officer who
accompanied me to the border said this is a
favorite pastime of the Red border guards
and that undoubtedly my picture will be
filed in their police records.
There were no exchange photographic
privileges at the border point. A sign pro-
claimed: "Taking of photographs in this par-
ticular area is prohibited."
I was told that the British once permitted
picturetaking from their side, but the Com-
munists complained so bitterly that the
practice was stopped. Instead, the British
have sought not to offend their truculent
neighbors, even to the point of setting up a
checkpoint about a mile from the border,
beyond which the casual visitor is not al-
lowed.
PASS
I was allowed beyond the checkpoint only
after the British Information Service had
taken considerable time and trouble to get
me a pass.
The border scene on this bright morning
brought to mind the famous ad of an east-
ern railroad in the United States in an effort
to provide cross-country passenger travel
without changing trains in Chicago.
The ad showed a pig lolling smugly in a
livestock railroad car and the caption was:
"A pig can travel cross country by rail with-
out changing, but you can't."
Well, that's what happens at Lu Wu. The
Communist-operated portion of the Canton-
Kowloon railroad will bring passengers per-
mitted to enter Hong Kong to the Red Chi-
nese side of the Lu Wu border point, where
they must disembark with their luggage.
i PEDESTRIANS
If their papers are in order, they are then
permitted to cross the bridge on foot, and if
their papers are in order on the other side.
they board the British-operated portion of
the railroad and complete their journey.
The situation is the same in reverse for the
Honk Kong passengers wishing to enter Red
China.
But the porkers have it much easier. On
the morning of our visit, the Commies per-
mitted a British diesel engine to cross the
Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, before re- CO _- t -
half of which were re filled with Communisnist-
turning to the United States from his raised pigs and the balance with poultry and
trip to Vietnam, Mr. Lucian C. Warren, and other agricultural products. Markings
Washington correspondent for the Cou- on the cars showed that the freight was
tier-Express, Buffalo, N.Y., stopped at originating as far away as Shanghai, Hunnan,
Hong Kong. Honan Hopei, and Canton.
Part XIV of his report, covering his It came as somewhat of a shock to this
observations in this city which appeared correspondent fresh from the Communist
battlegrounds in Vietnam to note the con-
in the Courier-Express on March 6, 1965, siderable traffic both in persons and goods
follows: between the free and Communist. worlds at
THE WAR IN ASIA, XIV-TRAFFIC IS BRISK AT
CHINA BORDER
this border point.
SYMPATHY
(By Lucian C. Warren) There is no doubt that the British world
(NOTE.-Lucian C. Warren, Courier-Express at Hong Kong is in complete sympathy with
Washington correspondent, stopped'in Hong our efforts to stem the Communist expansion
Kong on his way home from the war zones at Vietnam. On the other hand, they have
of South Vietnam. Here he tells of the a cozy working arrangement with the Com-
things he saw and heard in the British roles in this part of the world that they
crown colony on the edge of Red China.) defend as only common sense and as of great
HONG KONG.-I have stood eyeball to eye- value to the free world as a listening post. I
ball with the Red Chinese-well, almost. gather they look forward to the possibility of
Actually, I was only 50 feet away from the the day when the Red Chinese aggressive ex-
Red Chinese border guards at Lu Wu, in the pansionist policies might become softened,
outermost British sector of the Hong Kong even as the Russians have softened up, and
area at a point where the Kowloon-Canton at that time Hong Kong will become an im-
Railway crosses into Communist China. portant cog in the process of lessening world
There they were-about a half-dozen kha- tensions.
ki-clad soldiers, rifles slung over their shoul- Indeed the tensions and bitterness of the
ders watchful and suspicious of anything East-West struggle, so sharply in focus in
coming over that bridge from the free world. Vietnam, seem almost totally absent here.
And well they might for only 2 years ago, On the evening before, we were drinking
someone had smuggled a home-made bomb some local Hong Kong beer in the company
into a suitcase that went off in the customs- of Buffalo's Neal T. Donnelly and his wife,
house on the Red Chinese side of the border, the former Jean McGowan of Buffalo.
A member of the U.S. Information Service
group in Hong Kong, Donnelly remarked
casually: "That beer you're drinking is made
in part with Communist water."
The British have worked out elaborate
arrangements with the Communists to supply
water to their colony. Eventually,` the Com-
mies will be supplying up to a third of the
colony's Water supply.
USEFUL
The British do not seem worried about the
fact that the Red Chinese could pull a Castro
and shut off the spigot, as the Cuban dictator
did at the Guantanamo Naval Base in Cuba.
The British are gambling that it is to the
Red Chinese interests to continue to permit
this tiny outpost of the :free world to operate
in its own capitalistic way. After all, the
Commies do get foreign exchange from the
goods they supply the British and per-
haps they find the port useful, too, for
listening post purposes.
The island bf Hong Kong and the city
across the harbor, Kowloon, were ceded to
the British in pre-Commie days in perpetuity.
In addition, about 400 miles of so=called new
territory surrounding Kowloon was deeded
over to the British on a 99-year lease, on
which there is still 35 years to run.
TRAFFIC
The traffic of both persons and goods is
quite considerable both ways. In 1962, the
flow of Chinese into Hong Kong assumed
tremendous proportions when for some rea-
son the Communists allowed their starving
to enter the British colony in droves. At the
peak of the influx, some 200,000 disenchanted
Chinese attempted to cross the border and
approximately 140,000 made it.
This created tremendous assimilation prob-
lems for the British, where the availability
of land for housing, water for drinking and
food grown locally are inadequate. The
British have shown considerable ingenuity
in acquiring extra land by leveling off hills
Into the sea, by ambitious water-supply proj-
ects and by tremendous housing projects,
geared to the varying income patterns of the
Chinese immigrants.
SLOWER
The flow of Chinese immigrants has
leveled off to no more than 50 each day of
legal entries-comprising mostly the old and
sick the Commies are willing to wish off on
the British-and perhaps up to 250 a month
of illegal immigrants.
The British consider that the dropoff is
attributable to better economic conditions in
Red China. Since the Chinese abandoned
their great leap forward-the means by
which they hoped to catch up with the in-
dustrial nations of the world at the expense
of the consumer goods and amount of food
for distribution--of the consumer goods and
amount of food for distribution-agricul-
tural production is up and the economic situ-
ation has in general improved.
Just returned from a month's visit to.Red
China, Harry F. Stanley, executive director
of the Hong Kong Tourist Association, told
this correspondent that he found conditions
in Red China much better than he expected.
CLEAN
Stanley said he was surprised to note in
.Canton, Hangchow, Shanghai, and Peiping
that they were among the cleanest cities he
has seen in the Orient.
"The Government wages a constant propa-
ganda drive on keeping clean," he said, "so
much so that when I dropped a cigar on the
street, I was tapped politely on the shoulder
and told to put it in a nearby trash
-
receptacle."
Trains arrive and depart on time in Red
China, he said, and while the clothing is
simple and inexpensive looking, it is by no
means drab and dirty.
FREEDOM
Stanley was given freedom to come and go
as he chose and the Chinese Reds even asked
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M .rch .15, If65 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
him how to e,ttract more tourists there. Al-
though at present the Chinese Reds lack
sufficient -hotel, Accommodations and inter-
preters, they expect to have both in sufficient
-supply in the future and then make a strong
bid f9r.the, vlQrld tourist trade.
They have already started in that direc-
tion by printing the finest quality travel
brochures Stanley has,seen in any country.
Stanley in his travels did not hear much
anti-American comment, but he did hear
anti-Russian diatribes, in which the Soviets
were accused of walking out on their Chi-
nese brothers. Stanley noted a lack of ade-
quite transportation facilities in the motor
line and in one city-Shanghai-there was
a glumness over hard times and the fact that
the people there were being ordered to other
cities.
? GAY
In Peiping, the atmosphere was gayer,
especially when a foreign dignitary the Red
Chinese wanted to impress was present.
'k'he,Stanley visit coincided with the visit of
the Deputy Prime Minister of Zanzibar, for
Which a full morning of parading Commu-
nist b ndo and marching units were staged.
Whil&Stanley was impressed with what he
saw, he thinks in the long run the Chinese
Communists will not succeed in their desire
to dominate the world. The Chinese are
much too, individualistic, he feels, to have
the overall discipline to support world
conquest.
In other words, Stanley seemed to think
that in the short run the Chinese Com-
munists were doing rather well, but that in
the long run they will fail.
DIFFER
The American' colony here seems to be in
disagreement even with this short-run
This' correspondent was told that while
Agricultural production is indeed higher than
in the famine years, it has only risen 'to
about the point it was in 1967. In order to
feed its masses, the Red Chinese are having
to buy heavily abroad, about 6 million tons a
year, largely from Canada and Australia.
This represents about 30 percent of China's
grain supply and the Chinese are having to
use, their foreign exchange in great quanti-
ties, The more they have to buy food, the
less they have to acquire foreign hardware
to help In their expansions drive.
. The Americans hear that the Red Com-
munist leadership is as militant as ever in
wanting to chase American influence out
of the Far East. The Vietcong war against
the Americans in South Vietnam Is heavily
supported by Mao Tse-tung, chairman of the
Chinese Communist Party, Chou En-lai,
premier, and Liu Shao-chi, vice chairman of
the Chinese Communist Party.
HATRED
There is? not the slightest desire on ' the
part of this leadership to have any truck
with the hated- Americans. Mao in recent
years has developed a fanantic, hatred for
the Americans, stemming in part .from the
fact that ~hfe son was killed in, the Korean
war in part from the frustration of seeing
the Americans thwart his expansionist poli-
cies around the world.
If left up to Mao and his cronies, the drive
to expel the American from a dominating
position in non-Communist Asia, Africa and
Latin America will go relentlessly forward in
savage fashion.
,,. STRENGTH.-
, In Hong Kong, a lessening of world ten-
sions through a curbing of the Chinese de-
sire to subvert the world is not seen possible
in the foreseeable future. Only if the Mao
leadership is inherited by younger, more
flexible Communist leaders might a turning
point be reached.
It is the opinion here that the drive against
the Asian Reds in Vietnam and elsewhere
must be resolutely carried on,
The only thing American the Mao crew re-
spects 1s armed strength. Any weakness
shown by the Americans* in Vietnam and
elsewhere will be exploited to the hilt by
the Red Chinese.
It boil down to a war of survival between
the two systems.
We Want for Every Family a Sense of
Identification With Middle-Class Amer-
ica-Address to National Housing Con-
ference
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, I have
enjoyed for the past 10 years the privilege
of serving on the Subcommittee on Hous-
ing of the House Committee on Banking
and Currency, and the opportunity to
help write laws which now provide so
much help to the average American fam-
ily-and to all families-to achieve bet-
ter living conditions in our expanding
cities and suburban areas, and in rural
areas, too. Since the end of World War
II, America has become a Nation of
homeowners. But slums remain uncon-
quered and the problems of assuring de-
cent housing for low-income families
still persist.
This morning, on the invitation of Mr.
Nathaniel S. Keith, president of the Na-
tional Housing Conference, I participated
in a general session of the 34th annual
convention of this outstanding organiza-
tion and discussed some of the many
problems we are facing and trying to
solve in the field of housing and com-
munity development. The National
Housing Conference has contributed tre-
mendous leadership and imagination to
the solution of these problems ever since
it was organized during the depths of
the great depression in 1931.
The point I tried to stress in my ad-
dress, Mr. Speaker, was the need for the
instilling of motivation and responsibil-
ity in the families we are trying to help
most-motivation to want to improve
their living standards and a sense of re-
sponsibility for the programs geared to
help them. As I see it, we should try to
encourage every family needing assist-
ance in the aehievel7tient of better, hous-
ing to: identify itself with middle-class
America and seek to become a part of it,
Years ago, the Communists-and some
non-Communist intellectuals-sneered
at middle-class standards and middle-
class goals. But today, I think most
American families are "middle, clis$,"
aid proud of it, and I think it is a mighty
good group to be part of. Every Ameri-
can family should be helped to reach that
level; and that means not only the
achievement of more comforts of living,
but also of the sense of responsibility and
morality which traditionally go with
"middle class" standards.
My remarks, Mr,. ,Speaker, were as
as
follows; , .
A1183
ADDRESS BY CONGRESSWOMAN LEONOR X. SUL-
LIVAN, DEMOCRAT, OF MISSOURI, AT 34TH
ANNUAL CONVENTION OF NATIONAL HOUSING
CONFERENCE, WASHINGTON, D.C., MARCH 15,
1965
It would be impossible for a longtime
member of the Subcommittee on Housing of
the House Committee on Banking and
Currency not to feel completely at home at a
convention session of the National Housing
Conference, particularly with my former col-
league in the House, Senator WILLIAMS of
New Jersey. sharing the speaking program
today and with "Mr. Housing and Redevel-
opment" of my hometown of St. Louis, Char-
lie Parris, serving as chairman of this meet-
ing.
I am delighted to be able to join you this
morning to discuss some of our mutual prob-
lems in this great work of remaking our cities
into a proper environment for the Great So-
ciety.
We still have a long, long, road to travel
to reach that destination.
But I do not say that in despair, or even
in discouragement; and certainly not,in dis-
paragement, either. Looking back on the
long road we have already traveled in pursuit
of the goal of good housing and adequate
community facilities for our expanding popu-
lation, I sincerely believe we have much to
be proud of, even though our cities are no
Eden, by any means. If we want to com-
fort ourselves further, we need only remem-
ber that-speaking of our cities and their
failure to approach Eden-there was sin in
Eden, too.
The National Housing Conference was
formed at a time when only idiots and vision-
aries saw any horizon of hope for the future
of America and her cities. In 1931, the goal
of a decent home for every American was
realistic only in terms of getting people in out
of the rain-and for many Americans, an
abandoned coke oven or a packing box under
a bridge abutment fulfilled this minimum
ambition.
THE CHALLENGES TO OUR CITIES
In the 34 years in which your organization
has been in existence, our Nation has been
transformed from a miserably poor to an
affluent population, and from a nation of
renters and transients into one of home-
owners. Nevertheless, there is still at least
as much need now for the continued efforts
and drive of this organization as there was
before the Federal Housing Act made home-
ownership a practical reality, or the Hous-
ing Act of 1937 established the principle of
public housing, or the Housing Act of 1949
accomplished the great breakthrough of
urban renewal. For, despite the rows of
ramblers marching across suburbia, and the
high-rise apartments-public or private-co-
op or condominiums-dotting our cities, and
rising particularly in the expanses of empty
land in urban renewal areas, we all know very
well that the vigorous running we have done
since 1937 to try to eradicate slums and re-
place them with good housing has hardly
done more than keep us even-as if we were
on a treadmill.
The cities have been magnets for the dis-
advantaged and dispossessed from rural areas
all over America; they have come to settle
alongside of, or in the same buildings or
even the same dwelling units with, our hard-
luck urban families. We shuffle them
around from time to time as new structures
are erected on the sites where they had lived,
but in a great many cases they do not find
themselves in any better environment and
often it is worse. The cities have made a
remarkable comeback since President Tru-
man put through the 1949 act, but many of
the people In the cities, no matter how good
their housing, are trapped in giant spider
webs of congested, dirty streets, and a miasma
of environmental pollution of every kind,
not to mention a crime problem which sends
shivers through us every time we read a
newspaper or hear a newscast of the latest
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 1j,--1,V5
beatings, knifings, shootings, robberies, and
vandalism.
And I don't think we have faced up to the
criticisms with sufficient courage or candor.
I can illustrate that best, I believe, with a
personal recollection.
Several years ago, during our subcommit-
tee hearings on an omnibus housing bill, I
raised a lot of questions about the law and
the practices under which public housing
operates. I always raise such questions
whenever I have an opportunity to discuss
this matter with informed people. I have
done so in all of our hearings over the years.
I have bitterly condemned the restrictions
which make it necessary--or seemingly nec-
essary-to build high-rise apartment struc-
tures for low-income families with young
children. I know there are dollar limitations
on dwelling unit costs under public housing.
I know that land in our central cities is ter-
ribly expensive, and that a high-rise is much
more economical to build than a similar
number of units in garden-type buildings.
But until we get out of this format for family
dwelling units, I will continue to be critical.
I constantly raised questions about the pay
scales for the people who do the actual inter-
viewing of prospective tenants. I feel that
we need our very best staff people in those
jobs-these-are the critical points of contact
with people who will make or break a public
housing project.
I urged an opening up of the projects to
Intensive community education and social
rehabilitation work-such as we are doing In
St. Louis through the University of Missouri
Extension Service and trained social workers
on an experimental basis.
WE MUST NEVER CLOSE OUR EYES TO PROGRAM
FAULTS
I wanted to know how urgently the housing
authorities were tackling the project crime
problem-using our own diligent efforts in
this direction in St. Louis as a yardstick. I
pressed for information on the methods used
to impart a higher sense of responsibility
among the tenants for protection of the
property and to help through example and
Interest to raise standards all along the line.
Certainly these were critical questions and
were based on a conviction that all In public
housing was far from well.
But imagine my complete surprise one day
when a good friend came to see me-one who
knew my record over the years on housing
legislation and who knew I was a friend of
good housing for all Americans-and re-
ported to me that the word had gotten
around that I was going to oppose new funds
for public housing.
Had I changed my mind-done a flip-flop-
run out on my own voting record?
I was flabbergasted. I find it somewhat
amusing now to look back on the experience,
but I was not amused at the time. Together,
my friend and I went through the transcript
of the most recent hearing in which I had
raised so many questions. When we finished,
my visitor said:
"If everyone were as much an `enemy' of
public housing as you are we'd have the most
successful public housing program in the
world for it Is obvious you want the program
to succeed, not fail."
I believe that with the help and assistance
of the antipoverty program, we are now
getting down to essentials. We are going
to work much more with people, instead of
just bricks and mortar, In making public
housing more effective as an instrument of
social progress.
PROJECT DESIGNED FOR GENERATIONS AGO
It is just too bad that much of this could
not have been accomplished long before now,
without waiting for the passage of the Eco-
nomic Opportunity Act of 1964. We have
had a golden opportunity in the public hous-
ing program for 28 years to do the things
we are now going to do.
Everyone in this room, 'I am sure, is an
enthusiastic supporter of the goals of the
antipoverty program. Most of you have
been trying to achieve these same goals for
as long as you have been identified with or
interested in public policy. But housing
people have not always had community sup-
port for these goals, and sometimes it was
necessary to go along with community atti-
tudes rather than to try to overcome them.
When public housing first came in, a gen-
eration and a half ago, the projects were
plain, raw, far from luxurious, but were
heaven for the people who moved Into them
from festering slums. Practically everyone
was poor in the thirties, and the slum-dwell-
ers eligible for public housing were a pretty
good cross section of urban America. For
those with motivation, and some education,
the housing projects were a welcome way
station on the way to a better life. The
tenants took fierce pride in their new homes,
and in the neighborly life of the new com-
munity. The public housing we have today,
however, is largely designed for that urban
life of a generation ago. In the meantime,
as wage levels rose, and employment oppor-
tunities expanded, the income limitations
more and more tended to restrict public
housing to disadvantaged families which
made the projects their permanent resi-
dences,
GETTING MORE FAMILIES OUT OF PUBLIC
HOUSING
Now we have got to work at getting more
families out of public housing by helping
them to train for better employment oppor-
tunities. We have got to help get the chil-
dren into college-if they have the capacity-
or into vocational classes which can train
them in today's technical skills. The hous-
ing project, in my opinion, is a perfect bat-
tleground for one of the most important en-
gagements of the war on poverty, Thanks
to President Johnson's multiweapon attack
on poverty, we have many new tools we can
use. The important thing, however, must
be personal motivation.
We can't do the job which must be done
with our impoverished families merely by
providing a clean apartment in a building
equipped with all modern improvements.
In addition to AMI, we need AOM-all out
motivation. There is no reason whatsoever-
with the opportunities which now exist for
any youngster to get a good education-for
project kids to be dropouts because of a
sense of what's the use. There Is a use. If
their families won't or can't get on the tails
of these youngsters to push them into the
path of their beckoning opportunities, then
society has got to provide that push. Those
who run our public housing programs have
a magnificent opportunity to provide some
of that inspiration-and there are countless
community organizations, from the Cub
Scouts on up to an urban equivalent of the
4-11 Clubs, to provide know-how and active
assistance.
We constantly hear, in the Subcommittee
on Housing, that public housing has limita-
tions; that it can't provide the complete an-
swer to the housing needs of the Nation,
that it has been undernourished in terms
of congressional support and community ac-
ceptance, and so on and so on. All of us
know those statements to be true.
RESPONSIBILITY ON TENANTS
But I feel that we have not accomplished
nearly as much as we could have accom-
plished with the public housing program we
already have. And because we haven't done
more than has been done, the necessary pub-
lic and congressional support to accomplish
the necessary expansion of public housing
has been denied to us. Thus, after a good
fast start in the late thirties, and again after
World War II, public housing became almost
a bad word on the Hill, and in countless
communities, and at one point we had to
fight merely to keep the program from being
abandoned. The advocates of public hous-
If I may say so, the troubles in our cities
today are to a certain extent, your fault. I
mean that seriously. I know you are decent,
hard-working, upstanding people-that you
are dedicated to the cause of good housing
in communities where people can live to-
gether in comfort and contentment. But
with all you have accomplished in these past
34 years as an organization, you-have never-
theless failed.
. You have failed not because of lack of
hard work on your own part; but you have
failed because you haven't imparted to
enough of your neighbors in your own com-
munities the excitement which you your-
selves have felt in tackling this great chal-
lenge.
In other words, too much of the housing
and community' development effort of the
past 34 years has been the dedicated effort
of a few, rather than the mass effort of the
whole community.
Let me give the perfect example. In my
own city, the fruits of urban renewal are
beginning to appear In great clusters. A
tour through the renewal areas is a thrilling
experience, particularly for those who re-
member the forbidding slums and ugly ware-
houses and rundown Industrial plants and
pot-holed streets and the other eye-sores
which used to pcoupy the same land. But in
the years in which these marvels of redevel-
opments were being planned, the empty
land, to thousands of Impatient St. Loui-
slans, was an eloquent testimonial'to public
waste and planned chaos.
Southwest Washington for years presented
a simillar picture of a war-ravaged waste-
land before the new buildings began to rise
and the surge of revitalization began.
Artists' renditions of how something Is go-
ing to look years hence are seldom convinc-
ing to the people who see a teeming area of
a city turned into a vast and silent ceme-
tery for rubble and fill. Critical citizens add
on to the proposed resale subsidy of a re-
development area the total of taxes lost dur-
ing the period the land lies fallow, and what
apepars sometimes to be a top-heavy bu-
reaucracy of planners, architects, adminis-
trators and real estate lawyers, and come to
the conclusion that urban renewal is going
to destroy the city's solvency-and that of
Uncle Sam as well. Farsighted elective of-
ficials go down to defeat as bumblers and
wasters. Then, years later, when the spec-
tacular results are clearly visible, no one
even bothers to remember the identities of
the officials who sacrificed their careers for
what seemed to be a giant boondoggle.
I use urban renewal as an example of poor
comunication to the public, only because it
is such a glaringly obvious one. On a less
spectacular level, however, everything about
community development, and' particularly
public housing, suffers from the same lag in
community understanding and effective com-
munication.
PROBLEMS IN PUBLIC HOUSING
I have served on the Housing Subcommit-
tee since it was established by Brent Spence
in 1955, with Albert Rains as our first and,
until this year, only chairman. During all
of that time, and for years before that, pub-
lic housing has been the whipping boy in all
of the housing bills and in all of the appro-
priation bills which Included funds for hous-
ing programs. Yet without public housing,
we could never have begun to carry out our
relocation programs, and without substan-
tially more public housing-or the alterna-
tive of rent subsidies proposedby the Presi-
dent-we will find It more and more difficult
to clear the sites for further civic improve-
ments.
There are many reasons why public hous-
ing has suffered so consistently from attack.
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March 15, -1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
the Marion hospital has been authorized and
is in the design stage. In the Chicago area,
from. A postwar beginning of one hospital,
Hines, several miles removed from the medi-
cal Schools, we are moving towards a situa-
tion, unparalleled in any other city in the
Nation, where we will have four new, func-
tionally efficient hospitals, located immedi-
ately adjacent to the medical schools with
which they are now or will be affiliated:
Veterans' Administration Hospital (West
Side), University of Illinois and Chicago
.Medical College; Veterans' Administration
Hospital, Chicago (Research), Northwestern
University; Veterans' Administration Hospi-
tal, Hines, Loyola University; Veterans' Ad-
ministration Hospital, Chicago (South Side),
University of Chicago.
Medical facilities and personnel are, of
course 'in critically short supply nationally.
Therefore, any organization such as the Vet-
erans' Administration that controls a sig-
nificant proportion of such facilities and
personnel bears the heavy responsibility, in
fact the moral duty, of employing them to
their maximum potential. Certainly, beds
cannot be permitted to lie comparatively fal-
low in some, areas, while other areas suffer
from an inordinate shortage of VA hospital
beds.
I believe this preamble points to the ob-
viousreply to your letter: that the decision
to close hospitals in areas where demand is
not great will have absolutely no adverse ef-
fect on new hospitals planned for Illinois,
and,, this most definitely includes construc-
tion at the Chicago (South Side) and Hines
hospitals, which will go forward at optimum
speed. In fact, since the VA operates within
a ceiling of 125,000 beds, the closing of mar-
ginal hospitals will simply permit us to trans-
fer capacity to areas which have insufficient
beds.
Finally, I hope that you will feel free at
any time to inquire about the progress of the
VA medical program in Illinois or on other
Inatters.ai'ecting your constituents.
Sincerely,
W. J. DRrvER, Administrator.
Reader's Digest Publishers Receive
Freedom Foundation Award
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. FRANK T. BOW
or OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr. 130W., Mr. Speaker, early last
week at Valley, Forge, one great American
institution honored another. The Free-
doms Foundation annual George Wash-
ington award was presented to the pub-
lishers and editors of the Reader's Digest,
Mr. and Mrs. DeWitt Wallace.
The Freedoms Foundation for, 16 years
has been making annual awards to those
organizations, schools, and individuals
who have made contributions toward a
better understanding and a greater ap-
preciation of the American way of life.
The enormous popularity of the Read-
er's Digest, measured by the most indica
tive. yardstick, is sufficient testimony to
this publication's acceptance and impact.
In an era when to criticize and lam-
bast the American traditions 'and ideals
seems to be the fashion, 1" am comforted
in the knowledge that at'least one widely
read periodical is still carrying the ban-.
ner of free enterprise and individual lib-
erties.
The George Washington award cita-
tion to the Wallaces follows:
For epitomizing responsible citizenship, for
excellence in civic affairs, for aggressive lead-
ership in the propagation of American fun-
damentals during more than a quarter of a
century of outstanding service to God and
country through the domestic and foreign
editions of Reader's Digest, Freedoms Foun-
dation at Valley Forge salutes these exem-
plars of steadfast faith in free enterprise who
have built, from small beginnings to interna-
tional leadership, a mighty enterprise inval-
uable in the continuing fight for freedom and
dignity of every individual.
Pro1essor Supports President
in Vietnam
ON OF REMARKS
TENSI
EX
OF
HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN
Or SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 3, 1965
Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, some of the
paid advertisements in a few of our news-
papers give the impression that the aca-
demic community is highly critical of
President Johnson's Vietnam policy. It
is interesting to note that the profes-
sional qualifications listed in some of
these paid advertisements include "psy-
chology," "microbiology," "chemistry,"
and the like. But the American people
should note that such paid advertise-
ments hardly represent the majority of
the academic community. This is espe-
cially true of university professors in the
field of international relations.
.Yesterday Prof. James A. Atkin-
son, of Georgetown University, a well-
known analyst of military and foreign
affairs, appeared on "Georgetown Uni-
versity Forum" in support of President
Lyndon B. Johnson's foreign policy in
South Vietnam.
Mr. Speaker, I am sure that a vast ma-
jority of the professors and ministers of
the Gospel are supporting the President
in Vietnam despite recent paid advertise-
ments to the contrary. Incidentally, one
advertisement alone in the New York
Times, signed by 'a group of professors
advocating withdrawal from South Viet-
nam, cost in the neighborhood of $10,000.
It might be proper to ask who is supply-
ing these fantastic sums of money ad-
vocating a policy of appeasement and
retreat?
Mr. Speaker, recently Dr. Atkinson
wrote a brilliant defense of President
Johnson's Vietnam policy. Writing in
the Washington Report of the American
Security Council, Professor Atkinson
pointed out that the President's wise and
firm policy was based on the clear lesson
that our own security as a nation is inti-
mately related to the peace of Asia.
President Johnson's position is that
America dare not ignore the commit-
ment that three Presidents have made
to support our friends against Commu=
nist aggression. In doing this, says At-
kinson, tlie-?resident is supplying the
kind" of vigorous leadership for a firm
policy in Vietnam today which is the best
guarantee of avoiding a general war to-
morrow.
A1175
Faith in American Teenagers
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN J. FLYNT, JR.
OF GEORGIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 9, 1965
Mr. FLYNT. Mr. Speaker, the teen-
ager of America has been pictured as
irresponsible, reckless, and wild. Unfor-
tunately, the few who deserve this de-
scription frequently overshadow the ma-
jority of our young people who are, in a
quiet way, striving to live equitably in
the world which surrounds them. I
have great faith in our young people and
I am always pleased when an opportunity
arises which allows me to restate this
faith and to share it with others.
Such an opportunity has just been
brought to my attention by Mr. Allen
J. Dennis, foreman of the Bibb County
grand jury, who lives in Macon, Ga.
The interschool student council, an
organization composed of representa-
tives from the Macon, Bibb County, pub-
lic high schools, has adopted a resolution
opposing the availability of vulgar and
obscene publications on newsstands and
in the stores of Macon.
That these young people are striving
to constructively mold their environment
proves that they are willing and eager to
assume responsibility. They go further
than merely accepting responsibility;
they seek to lead others by recommend-
ing "to each student council of Bibb
County high schools that they instigate
a campaign urging students of their
schools boycott all such publications-
salicious literature-and request news-
dealers to remove these. publications
from their shelves,"
The members of the Inter-School Stu-
dent Council of Bibb County are to be
commended for the stand they have
taken. Their action is the result of care-
ful and. conscientious consideration and,
I believe, deserves, in turn, the attention
of us adults whose duty it must be to lend
them support.
I herewith submit the letter Mr. Allen
J. Dennis wrote to me, Mr. Dennis' letter
of congratulations to the council, and the
resolution of the Inter-School Student
Council of Bibb County:
MARCH 2, 1965.
HOn. JOHN J. FLYNT, JR.,
House Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. FLYNT: Because I think it is
noteworthy and will be of interest to you, I
am enclosing a copy of a resolution adopted
by the Inter-School Student Council, an or-
ganization composed of representatives from
the Macon, Bibb County, public high schools,
concerning salacious literature. This reso-
lution came to the attention of the Bibb
County Grand Jury in their meeting today.
As foreman of the grand jury, I wrote a let-
ter to the president of the Inter-School Stu-
dent Council to compliment them on the
stand they had taken and I am attaching
copy of this letter also.
If you agree that this is a noteworthy and
commendable stand these youngsters have
taken, you may want to have it carried in
the Appendix of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.
With every good wish, I am,
Sincerely yours,
ALLEN J. DENNIS.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 15, 1965
also participated in various war missions
conducted by United States and South
Vietnam forces.
His observations should be carefully
noted by those in Congress and elsewhere
who are wondering about the effective-
ness of our policies there, and whether
or not there is a chance of winning this
conflict.
Mr. Warren is a former president of the
National Press Club of Washington, and
has been a Washington correspondent
for the past 20 years.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
include his column which appeared in
the Courier-Express on March 5, 1965:
IN WASHINGTON: BACKING GIVEN To U.S.
POSITION IN VIETNAM WAR
(By Lucian C. Warren)
WASHINGTON.-The series of stories this
correspondent wrote in Vietnam concludes
Saturday. They were written on the scene
in Vietnam and airmailed to Buffalo. Mean-
while, we have returned to Washington be-
fore completion of the series. We have had
a chance to see and hear various viewpoints
about the war, this time, from the home-
front. It is to these viewpoints we address
ourselves now.
DIFT'ERENCE
There is considerable difference of opinion
at home, much more so than among the
Americans serving in Vietnam, about the ad-
visability of continuing the war there and
of negotiating with the Communists for a
settlement.
Certain columnists, led by Drew Pearson
and Walter Lippmann, and certain newspa-
pers, led by the New York Times and the St.
Louis Post Dispatch, appear to think it is evil
to continue the war there and that negotia-
tions with the Communists are highly over-
due.
On Capitol Hill, there are also influential
voices raised in doubt over the U.S. course
in Vietnam, Senators WAYNE MORSE, Demo-
crat, of Oregon, FRANK CHURCH, Democrat,
of Idaho, and GEORGE McGovEaN, Democrat,
of South Dakota, are among those who have
denounced present policy there.
TREND
While there are varying shades of opinion,
we would like to summarize the main trends,
along with our own comments, in defense-
in the main-of the U.S. conduct of the war
and its refusal thus far to enter into negotia-
tions.
These opinions were formed without pres-
sure from the U.S. Government and with the
benefit of some 2 weeks of on-the-scene ob-
servations in the wide Vietnamese warfront.
Our summary follows :
Thesis
The Vietcong are ruthless and dedicated
warriors who are winning the guerrilla war,
while the South Vietnamese are ineffective
soldiers, operating under poor military ad-
vice from the United States.
Mr. 'STEVE JOHNSON,
President, Inter-School Student Council,
Macon, Ga.
DEAR STEVE: This morning at the meeting
of the grand jury of Bibb Co my reference
was made to the resolution adopted by the
student council concerning the increasing
availability of vulgar and obscene publica-
tions on the newsstands and in the stores
of Macon.
As foreman of the grand jury, I want to
compliment and congratulate the student
council on the stand they have taken.
It will be of interest to you to know that
the grand jury has a committee on sub-
versive activities, pornography, and obscene
literature. It may be that the chairman or a
member of the committee will want to dis-
cuss this with you in more detail for it is
an area of much concern to the grand jury.
As a result of high court rulings, very
little can be expected now through legal ac-
tion. It is an area that was formerly in-
fluenced by legal discipline but no longer is
this the case. Henceforth, it must be con-
trolled by individual moral discipline,, re-
ligious influence, and an atmosphere or
climate or community conscience that is
rather loosely referred tows public opinion.
With every good wish, I am,
Sincerely yours,
ALLEN J. DENNIS,
Forman, Bibb County Grand Jury.
RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY INTERSCHOOL STU-
DENT COUNCIL OF MACON, BIBB COUNTY, GA.
Whereas the members of the interschool
student council of Bibb County are deeply
concerned with the increasing availability
of vulgar and obscene publications on
newstands and in the stores of Macon; and
Whereas the interschool student council
believes that such publications create an
atmosphere in the community that is not
conducive to clean living; and
Whereas the interschool student council
feels that such publications have a demoral-
izing effect on the youth of Macon; and
Whereas the interschool student council
believes that such publications contribute to
delinquency in Macon; and
Whereas the interschool student council
feels that Macon youth need to be encour-
aged in and guided to high ideals; Therefore
be it
Resolved, That interschool student coun-
cil of Bibb County does hereby recommend
to each student council of Bibb County high
schools that they instigate a campaign urg-
ing students of their schools boycott all such
publications and request local. newsdealers
to remove these publications from their
shelves.
Backing Given to U.S. Position
in Vietnam War
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, this is the
last in. a series of 14 articles and 2 side
columns written by Mr. Lucian C. War-
ren, chief of the Washington bureau of
the Courier-Express, Buffalo, N.Y., in
which he has reported on his recent trip
to South Vietnam and to Hong Kong.
I have commended this series to my
colleagues as a firsthand report of an able
and experienced news5aperman who
talked to many people in Asia, and who
Comment
Not so. While some of the Vietcong are
dedicated and ruthless and good at guerrilla
warfare, this is not the universal truth.
For instance, many at the front said the
Vietcong were poor shots and the State De-
partment's recent White Paper cited the
many Vietcong defections.
Conversely, there are many examples of
brave and able military actions by the South
Vietnamese. The United States is amassing
experience in fighting guerrilla-style and it
has total air and naval superiority.
RATIO
On the ground, the ratio of Vietcong killed
to the freedom forces is still in the nature of
3 to 1 in our favor.
The war has not yet been won, but it is
far from being lost and on balance this cor-
respondent believes we have the edge, a
condition which should improve in the
months to comeespecially with restrictions
being removed on bombing raids into North
Vietnam.
Thesis
The United States is conducting its war
on a unilateral basis, whereas it would be
better if the United Nations were brought
into the struggle, as it was in Korea.
Comment
This would be fine-but there is no chance
for another Korea-type war being waged
by the U.N.
That conflict was allowed only because the
Soviet Union, to its later sorrow, had boy-
cotted the Security Council at the time. The
peacekeeping operations of the U.N. in the
Congo and elsewhere have been less than
successful. Considering the present state of
relations between the Communists and free
world and the disagreement over the Viet-
namese situation, U.N. effective action is Im-
possible.
As to the unilateral charge, the United
States is in Vietnam with the approval of
certain other nations In southeast Asia and
elsewhere.
Thesis
Increasing boldness by the U.S. units,
bombing missions, and its positive refusal
to negotiate may escalate the war.
Comment
Possible, but not probable.
President John F. Kennedy's firm stand
on Soviet missiles in Cuba did not lead to war
there, nor did the earlier firmness of a previ-
ous administration in defying the Berlin
blockade with an airlift.
The Korean resistance did escalate that
war in the sense that it brought Red Chinese
troops into the battle. However, it is con-
sidered unlikely the Soviet Union will risk
nuclear war over a southeast Asia conflict,
and Hanoi is said not to want the Chinese
troops in their territory for fear they would
never leave.
In any event, certain risks must be taken
in an effort to have to stop Communist ex-
pansion in Asia, rather than have to fight
eventually in Manila, Hawaii, and perhaps
even the Western Hemisphere.
SUMMARY
It is this correspondent's personal opinion
that the U.S. conduct of the war In South
Vietnam is proper and effective and that, at
this time, talks would only damage our just
cause there.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR.
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr.
Speaker, there appeared in the New York
Sunday Times of March 14 a dispatch
by Mr. Guy Talese entitled "Selma : Bit-
ter City In the Eye of a Storm." In de-
scribing the attitudes of the city's white
community, Mr. Taiese quotes an un-
identified salesclerk as asking: "What do
those niggers want?" For the benefit of
that salesclerk, and all who share her
puzzlement, I submit the following arti-
cle which appeared in the New York
Sunday Times Magazine of the same
date. It is entitled "Civil Right No. 1-
The Right To Vote." The author is gar-
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March T 5, 1 CONQREE$$JON yV,I col AP,PXN
afford to have farm programs .ende_d, the Appendix of the RECORD under unan-
The American economy and the public. imous consent.
which it supports. can afford it even less The article follows:
than the farmers. [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Mar. 14,
Farmowners and operators hold about 19651
$2].6 billion In,kassets which is approxi- AMERICAN POLICY IS CLEAR: PRESIDENT'S Ac-
mately 40 percent of all capital `invest- TIONS ARE SPEAKING LOUDER THAN ANY
ment in the United States today. Farm- WORDS ON VIE'rsrena
ers alalnually spend about $29 billion in (By Roscoe Drummond)
production expenses and have about $16 Every once in a while somebody wrings his
billion invested in cars, trucks, and farm hands and pleads that President Johnson
machinery: Should farm programs be speak out on Vietnam. -
terminated and farm income fall, one of He is. On the premise that actions speak
the first expenditures to be cut would be louder than words, the President is properly
investment in machinery and equipment, letting events tell their own story to the
The cost to . the Federal, budget for sage to American the people and . Right deliver their own mes-
m ,intaiXling these expenditures at about tions, aggressor. Right now it is needed.
the present production rate is: $12.8 bil- , not words, which
From every action the he are most needed.
United States has
lion a year which is what the Commodity taken in the past 6 weeks, President John-
Credit Corporation spent in price sup- son's keep-up-the-pressure, no-yield military
ports and acreage diversion programs, policy emerges crystal, clear. There will be
Tl}ese programs maintained farm in-
come $6.6 billion 'a year higher than it
would have been without them. Each
$100 of expenditures by the Commodity
Credit Corporation, therefore, increased
farm income by $236.
The. American farmers of today con-
tribute a great.. deal to the economy.
Farmers now have engines which pro-
duce more horsepower than the com-
bined power of engines and turbines of
all the Nation's factories, private and
commercial aircraft, railroads, merchant
Ships, and mines together.
American farms now annually use
-about 3.4 billion gallons of fuel, 28 bil-
lion kilowatt hours of electricity, about
7 percent of the Nation's steel produc-
tion, 320 million,pounds of rubber which
is aboyt.9 percent of that used in the
Counry,., and $1.7, billion for .,dwellings
and service buildings.
The economy of this country can well
afford to support agricultural programs.
If we are to maintain job opportunities
and economic growth, we cannot afford
to overlook the contributions of Ameri-.
Can agriculture _ Money spent in raising
Sad Day for America
EXTENSION OF
OF
M 1. ? 17?
HON. JAMES A. BURKE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, the March
12 edition of the Catholic Standard,
Washington's Archdiocesan newspaper,
carried an editorial on the events in
Selma, Ala? which occurred on March 7,
1965. Under unanimous consent I wish
to include this article in the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD.
SAD DAY FOR AMERICA
The police action against the civil rights
marchers in Selma, Ala., last Sunday has
painted a sad and sickening scene in the
pages of American history. Millions of
Americans have viewed with horror the pic-
ture of helmeted policemen beating defense-
less Negroes with sticks and whips. What
were the Negroes doing? They were commit-
ting the severe crime of traveling to the State
capital to petition peacefully the Governor
for their right to vote.
No justification can be found for the
brutal police actions. The Negroes were
seeking the right to vote-a right which
though guaranteed by the Constitution, has
been traditionally denied them in Alabama,
They were not blocking or even crowding the
highway on which they were walking. Their
march was in no way a "clear and present
danger" to the citizens of Alabama. This
was no disorderly and wild mob. It was a
good, orderly group going to ask for the right
which most Americans take for granted.
Speaker of the House JOHN W. MCCORMACK
has called the police action "a disgraceful
exercise of arbitrary power." We agree
wholeheartedly with the Speaker. The po-
lice action has done nothing but bring shame
to Alabama and the man who ordered the
police action, Gov. George Wallace.
. The police action in Selma affects every
American not only because of the brutality
toward fellow American citizens, which is
of great consequence to all. Such an action
also seriousl
di
i
i
h
y
m
n
s
es respect for law A
. only of America at a ratio_of 2, to 1, " In related actions: the deployment of 3,500 misapplication of law and abuse of law-
President's Johnson's Actions in Vietnam
Speak Louder Than Words
North Vietnam until Hanoi calls off the ag-
gression. This decision has been firmly
made. Its execution is its best announce-
ment.
Diplomatically, the United States is pre-
pared to go to the conference table the
minute the Communists cease their aggres-
sion, but there will be no negotiation as
long as aggression continues.
We seek no territory, no bases, no perma-
nent military establishment in South Viet-
nam. But we know from experience that a
paper agreement guaranteeing the independ-
ence of South Vietnam is,not self-enforcing.
Such an agreement was signed in 1954-and
torn up by North Vietnam. An American
presence in southeast Asia will be maintained
so that the United States can join in guard-
ing against future aggression.
Because this no-yield policy was slow in
coming, it is understandable that many
Americans-and the Asian Communists,
too-were uncertain that the President
really meant it.
The President has made his decision-to
raise the controlled military pressure on
North Vietnam steadily until it achieves its
end.
This policy is visible in Vietnam-North
and South. There can be no turning back.
It is visible in the air raids over North Viet-
nam-and there will be more. It is visible
_ __ __ " -. V+ specs for law. The purpose of law is to
tration through Laos;_ enlarging the 7th secure justice for all-not to inflict injustice
Fleet and strengthening U.S. naval patrols on a group or an individual. Respect for
against North Vietnamese gunrunning; and compliance with law are the basis of
notice to Peiping that there will be no our national life. Respect for law is
priviledged sanctuary if Red Chinese forces anchored, finally, in the conscience of man,
join the aggression. and if the application of law finds noap-
These measures have long been a part of proval in conscience, then respect for law
Washingto_4 planning. They were delayed is lost.
because of the exigencies of the presidential Respect for law is indivisible. It is almost
election and begause soi;ie high officials were impossible
s
cholo
i
ll
p
y
g
ca
,,-
y to teach a dis
AF TsFrNESSEE, fearful that mounting military pressure tinction between the misapplication of a law
i
t
ns
North Vietnam would massively and the law itself. All law gets tarred with
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES aga
alienate woxld opinion and would throw the brush of misapplication and abuse of
ilonday, March 15, 1965 Red China and the Soviet Union-back into law. Those who tolerate such an abuse of
each other's arms. It has done neither, law will find that ultimately they are pick-
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee, Mr. Speak- There are, however, two immediate un- ing the mortar out of the building stones
er, Congress has declared, by concurrent certainties: of our whole civilization. They may also
resolution, its overwhelming support of The rate of the infiltration by North Viet- find that they are destroying the law that
the American policy of firmness and namese guerrilla forces is still going up. now protects them,
strength in southeast Asia. This means that the balance of forces on the Perhaps this incident will bring home to
Our ,, GOVer ground is more adverse to the South Viet- all Americans the discrimination that still
i ni, it's . actions in the namese that it has ever been. affects many Negroes.. Discrimination is an
letnam crisis are making it increas- So far the mounting military pressure ugly word, but it is an even uglier fact of life
ingly clear that President Johnson is against North Vietnam has yielded no sign as seen in the Selma incident.
vigorously+carrying out this, policy. from Hanoi that it has any intention to As Americans and as Christians we cannot
This fact isunderlined in an anal siS end the aggression. Far more pressure will stand idly by and watch our fellow humans,
i _ be needed. Whether the timetable for ac- our brothers in Christ, suffer. -The Negroes
Of is fat b the distinguished Wash
y celeration is fast enough remains to be seen, in Alabama need our prayers. They need our
ngton correspondent, Mr. Roscoe Drum- but purpose and policy are now clear be- encouragement-in whatever manner we can
mond. His comments are included in yond alldoubt,, give it to them, Last Sunday in Selma was
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 A1156
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX March 15, 1965
a sad day for us all. Let it become for all
Americans-white and Negro--a means of
understanding, cooperation, and love for the
good of all.
Sam Geddes: A Man of the People
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or -
HON. DON H. CLAUSEN
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
the people of California have lost arrout-
standing State legislator. Samuel R.
Geddes, State senator from Napa, died
in his home on March 5. He was 65.
Sam will best be remember for his
tenacity and courage in dealing with the
State's monumental water problems as
well as his attempt to help stay the Su-
premeCourt's decision on reapportion-
ment. Until the very day of his death,
Sam was one of the most outspoken
advocates of a constitutional amendment
permitting States to apportion one house
of their legislature on a basis other than
population. We held many sessions in
my Washington office discussing the af-
fect on Napa and the State of California.
His advice and counsel were of immeasur-
able value as we developed legislative
strategy to oppose the Supreme Court's
decision in reapportionment.
To these critics, the senator would reply,
"Well, I don't just represent Democrats in
Sacramento, I represent all the people."
Mr. Geddes had literally thousands of
friends, it was not at all uncommon for
people to shout "H1, Sam," as he would walk
down the street or attend a public meeting.
Last year, as he attended the opening
session of the Yolo County Fair, he was in-
troduced at a small dinner at the fair-
grounds, and an official said, "This fair just
wouldn't be the same Without Sam Geddes'
presence."
The senator enjoyed being with people.
At times he maintained a schedule which
would have stopped many men a good many
years younger. It was not uncommon for
Mr Geddes to attend two or three public
functions a night. Once when asked why
he maintained such a heated schedule, he
replied, with a smile, "Because I enjoy it
and I like people."
Sam Geddes was ever aware of the public
pulse. He made every effort to represent the
wishes of the people, in the legislature.
He had a deep desire to aid the cause of
senior citizens. He favored the cause for
greater recreational facilities for all Cali-
fornians. He was a constant fighter for
economy in State government and recently
pledged to battle against increased taxes.
But, most of all, Sam Geddes was a man of
the people. He gave his all in the name of
public service. He -was highly respected.
He was beloved by many. The deeds of Sam
Geddes, and Sam Geddes as a warm individ-
ual, will long be remembered.
President's Anticrime Message Outlines
Worthy Program
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
It was my good fortune to work very
closely with Senator Sam on many prob-
lems of mutual concern to our beloved
Napa County. The meeting we jointly
held to hear from the people of Napa on
their water problems was highly produc-
tive and will in by judgment be recog-
nized in the future as one of the most
constructive held in many years. The
interest Senator Geddes demonstrated in
this and' other matters has earned him
the respect of Republicans and Demo-
crats alike. He was one of the most non-
partisan members of the California leg-
islature-completely objective to needs
of his people.
A very fine editorial in the Napa Reg-
ister expresses the true sentiments of the
community of Napa. Senator Sam re-
tained the uncanny ability of communi-
catingwith his constituency-an ability
that consistently reflected the warmth
and understanding of this great man-
an ability that has earned him the title
as included in the following editorial:
SAM GEDDFS: A MAN OF THE PEOPLE
A friend of the people is dead.
Samuel R. Geddes-known only as Sam.
to his friends-died last night minutes after
suffering a heart attack. The senator suc-
cumbed at his home, where his beloved wife,
Loraine, had died about 20 months earlier-
also from a heart attack,
Sam Geddes had been elected to his second
term in the senate last November by the
largest majority received by anyone seeking
public office in this area. Prior to o being
named to the senate in 1960 he was an
assemblyman four terms.
For about 37 years he had been a building
Although Sam Geddes was a. Democrat, he
would on occasion receive criticism from
members of his own party because of his
desire to work with Republican legislators.
HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT
critical problems, I have introduced three
bills, which follow the President's out-
line. My bill, H.R. 4937, would provide
for Federal assistance for programs of
research and experimentation in crime
prevention and detection, and for the
training of law enforcement personnel.
H.R. 4938 would establish a National Ad-
visory Commission on Interstate Crime,
and H.J. Res. 321 would provide for a
White House Conference on Crime Pre-
vention and Juvenile Delinquency.
Crime is a national problem, although
it is the direct responsibility of our local
and State governments. The responsi-
bility extends to all of our citizens, and
we must do all we can to reverse these
drastic increases in crime rates.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EUGENE J. KEOGH
or NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ORD, I include the following, interesting,
and well-written article by a distin-
guished writer, John Herling, and which
appeared in the Washington Daily News
of Tuesday, March 9, 1965:
LovE DREW A CIRCLE
(By John Herling)
Maybe it's premature, like just one swallow
does not make it spring-but hope for com-
prehensive medical care is now busting out
all over Washington. WILBUR MILLS, chair-
man of the House Ways and Means Commit-
tee, grinds slowly, also exceedingly fine. But
once he really starts to grind, the legislative
dance goes faster and faster. He no longer
cares about what the boys in the backroom
will have. He comes out front and center
and gives the paying customers what they
want.
For this week, after nearly a decade of
waiting, panting, frustrating, swearing, the
advocates of medical care for older Ameri-
cans are about to get themselves a bill. For
about that many years the bump of reluc-
tance was centered in WILBUR MILLS, the gen-
tleman from Arkansas, perhaps-next to the
Speaker of the House of Representatives--
the most powerful legislator in the United
States. If WiLBUe was not willin', a bill
could never get out of the Ways and Means
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 15, 1965
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, all
Americans should be aware of the an-
nouncement Tuesday by J. Edgar Hoover
that the serious crime rate in the United
States increased 13 percent in 1964 over
1963.
This is compared to an increase of 10
percent over the previous year, accord-
ing to the Federal Bureau of Investiga-
tion. It means an increase of more than
250,000 serious offenses last year, includ-
ing murder, up 9 percent; forcible rape,
up 19 percent; aggravated assault, up 18
percent, and robbery, up 12 percent.
These are shocking figures, and need
to be brought to the attention of all of Suddenly came November 1964, and the
our citizens. election. The structure of Congress under-
President Johnson has, made a strong went not only a numercial but a chemical
effort to halt this rise in crime in the change. No longer could the joint Dixiecra:Lt
United States by his message to Congress and Republican operation head off legisla-
last Monday, suggesting positive legisla- tion at the pass. Congress had changed too
much. In Arkansas, the clever, responsive
tion to combat crime and juvenile de- Mr. MILLS,- a product of the Arkansas school
linquency. He has a worthy program, System and the Harvard Law School, finally
and I am hopeful that Congress Will decided that this was the time for him to
enact proper and substantial legislation move back into a larger arena. Intellectu-
in this field. ally, temperamentally, he considered himself
Believing that the problems of crime a national American, not only the Congress-
and from Little Rock.
and juvenile that was a a 1313-- So last December, he announced in a
tor Hoover r reports that t -here speech to his Arkansas constituents that the
percent jump in arrests of persons under time had come to reconsider past positions
18 years of age in his recent survey, while on medicare. In effect, he said he wouldn't
the juvenile population aged 10 through be surprised that the time for a bill had
17 increased by only 4 percent-are come.
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Committee, and it didn't. In addition to all
that, he and the American Medical Associa-