CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300150019-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2003
• Sequence Number: 19
• Publication Date: April 27, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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April 27, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE v 7 . 8259
resolution of disapproval be introduced in
the Senate, hearings would be scheduled at
an early date, following consultation with
Senator RiBicoFF.
With kind regards, I am
Sincerely yours,
'JOHN L. MCCLELLAN,
Chairman, Committee on Government
Operations.
My purpose' in submitting this resolu-
tion, Mr. President, is so that all sides of
this question can be heard. I have re-
ceived it great number of communica-
tions from my constituents in Rhode Is-
land. I have,received a number of tele-
phone calls. I have had people call at
my- office and visit with me to discuss
this question. This is quite important.
I realize that we have been assured
by the Treasury Department that there
will be no deterioration in service. I am
inclined to take them at their word.
However, this has not been our experi-
ence in the past. Not only that, but the
man who gives assurance today may not
be the man we shall have to contend with
tomorrow in case the situation changes.
. In order to bring this whole matter
within proper focus I exhort and implore
the committee to hold hearings im-
mediately so that the matter may be
resolved in the public interest. That
is the reason I have submitted the
resolution.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
resolution will be received and appro-
priately referred.
The resolution (S. Res. 102) was re-
ferred to the Committee on Government
Operations, as follows:
Resolved, That the Senate does not favor
the Reorganization Plan Numbered 1 trans-
mitted to the Congress by the President on
March 25, 1966.
Mr. PELL. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. PASTORE, I yield to the Senator
from Rhode Island.
Mr. PELL. I congratulate the senior
Senator from Rhode Island on his words.
I associate myself completely with his
statement. I hope that the holding of
the hearings may be expedited and that
the matter may be ventilated so that
the subject can be worked on in a way
which would be favorable to the interest
pf the people of our State.
Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. PASTORE. I yield to the distin-
guished Senator from Florida.
Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I
should appreciate it if the Senator would
permit me to join as a cosponsor of the
resolution. With our 1,200 miles of ocean
front, our some 17 ports, and our inter-
national airports, this matter is of grave
concern to my State.
We do not wish this authority to be
taken away from State control, through
the nominations of the two Senators, and
from being handled by State personnel.
They are much more familiar with the
many problems,which exist in this field.
I hope that the Senator will permit
me Mr to . join
PASTORE, a cosponsor.
STORE, The Senator will not
only permit the Senator to join as a co-
sponsor, but I shall be honored to have
the Senator from Florida join as co-
sponsor. If this action is to take place,
it should not take place without a
hearing.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr.
President, will the Senator yield?,
Mr. PASTORE. I yield.
Mr. YOUNG of North Dakota. Mr.
President, I should appreciate it very
much if the Senator from Rhode Island
would permit me to join as a cosponsor.
Our State has the same problem.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I regret
that I did not ask for a quorum. If I
had, we might have had 100 cosponsors.
I ask unanimous consent also that the
distinguished Senator from Maryland
[Mr. BREWSTER], who is now presiding
in the chair as Presiding Officer, be joined
as a cosponsor.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
DESERVED WELCOME EXTENDED TO
PRIME MINISTER ALDO MORO, OF
ITALY
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, in a
time of international tension a pleasant
interlude has been the visit to the United
States of Prime Minister Aldo Moro, of
Italy.
The Washington scene was brightened
by the interchange of courtesies between
the White House and the official repre-
sentatives of Italy with no purpose other
than sincere friendship.
America's attitude toward this display
of amity and the estimate of the daily
press is well interpreted in an editorial
"Deserved Welcome" in the New York
Journal-American of Wednesday, April
21. I ask unanimous consent that the
editorial be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
DESERVED WELCOME
In extending to Prime Minister Aldo Moro,
of Italy, a warm personal welcome as well
as military honors, President Johnson was In
top form. So was the Prime Minister in re-
ceiving them.
The President referred to the valuable con-
tributions that millions of Americans of
Italian descent have made to this country,
as well he might, for those contributions are
many and manifest.
Turning to a tenet of American foreign
policy, he observed that "no problems can
be described as exclusively Italian, or ex-
clusively American, or even exclusively Euro-
pean-there are only world problems today."
The President recalled the words of Thomas
Jefferson that "peace is our passion-and our
purpose is to have peace with honor."
The Prime Minister, who is stanchly pro-
West, has his troubles at home. A Christian
Democrat, he presides over a coalition of
center and left, and undoubtedly there are
anti-West, anti-American elements in that
coalition.
He has presided with patience and sagacity.
If the cordial welcome of the President can
add to his strength, so much the better for
the United States, Italy, and the free world.
"UNCONDITIONAL DISCUSSIONS,"
BUT SOUTH VIETNAM MUST STAY
FREE
Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, the Hous-
ton Chronicle of April 9, 1965, published
an editorial entitled "'Unconditional
Discussions,' but South Vietnam Must
Stay Free."
I ask unanimous consent that this edi-
torial be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
"UNCONDITIONAL DISCUSSION," BUT SOUTH
VIETNAM MUST STAY FREE
The world was told Wednesday night, in
language it scarcely can misinterpret, how
the administration stands on the situation in
southeast Asia.
President Johnson in his speech offered to
engage in "unconditional discussions" lead-
ing toward peace and at the same .time
warned the Communist aggressors in Viet-
nam that we can and will hurt them a great
deal more than we have if they continue
their aggression.
The two proposals he made are new-that
is, new to this particular situation. One is
the statement that we are ready for uncondi-
tional discussions. Previously the official line
has been that the administration would not
negotiate until North Vietnam gave a sign it
was prepared to stop its aggression.
The other is the offer of a billion dollars in
economic aid, plus surplus foodstuffs, to
southeast Asia as a pert of a cooperative de-
velopment in which the nations of the area
and other industrialized countries would
join.
Yet neither of these proposals is new, ex-
cept in immediate application. The United
States, as the President pointed out, has al-
ways been ready to negotiate in situations
such as this. And there are many precedents
for the economic aid offer, notably the Mar-
shall plan In which, in the beginning, Rus-
sia and the Soviet satellite states In Eastern
Europe were Invited to become beneficiaries.
It is significant that approximately half
the speech consisted of explanation of our
course in Vietnam and repeated expressions
of determination that aggression there shall
not succeed; approximately half was devoted
to what could be done to improve conditions
of life in this teeming, backward area.
In the middle were a few sentences de-
voted to the offer to negotiate-preceded by
the assertion that an independent Vietnam
Is essential and followed by the promise to
use our power to see that it remains free.
The President's denunciation of the Com-
munist aggressors, including the Red Chi-
nese, was as forthright and strong as anyone
could wish.
The U.S. offer to negotiate without pre-
conditions means the Reds must give up
their precondition also-which has been
that we must withdraw from South Vietnam
before negotiations can start. 'Johnson
made it abundantly clear throughout his
speech that we will never withdraw as long
as South Vietnam is under attack.
The speech no doubt scored a big gain for
our southeast Asia policy. It should pro-
mote support from other countries and pos-
sibly cause divisions among the Communist
nations.
The President has handled the whole situ-
ation well in the past 2 months since mount-
ing pressure began to be applied to the Viet-
cong and North Vietnam. The Communists
have been shown what we can and will do to
them if they persist in their assault on
South Vietnam; the South Vietnamese have
been reassured. And now it is from a posi-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 27, 19 6
tion of increasing strength that we express Twenty-five minutes later, Keith Ander-
once again our willingness to negotiate. son, who works in the Senator's mail room,
ild
b
KENNEDY FROM NEW YORK HER-
ALD
YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
we hold a deep respect for the junior
Senator from New York [Mr. KENNEDY],
and we are mindful of our colleague's
outstanding service to his country as
Attorney General of the United States.
Now that Senator KENNEDY hiss joined
this body, our respect is deepened furth-
er as he pursues his duties as a freshman
Senator from New York. An account of
Senator KSNNEDY's daily activities was
recently printed in the New York Herald
Tribune of Sunday, April It, 1965, in an
article entitled "Mr. KENNEDY: Always
the Trumpet Sounds," by Andrew J.
Glass. I request unanimous consezt,that
this article be printed at this point in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
MR. KENNEDY, NEW YORK: ALWAYS THE
TRUMPET SOUNDS
(By Andrew J. Glass)
WASHINGTON.-Harvard and Radcliffe stu-
dents Sat 011-ROBERT KENNEDY'S blue rug while
the 39-year-old freshman Senator who feels
so close to their generation talked to them of
the past and of the new life he was forging
on Capitol Hill.
The man who only last year sought to be
Lyndon Johnson's second-in-command met
40 eager young faces with a shy smile when
an aggressive student, opening old wounds,
asked a direct question about the vice-presi-
dential choice.
"Well," Senator KENNEDY admitted, "I was
interested in the possibility."
Painful silence hung in the room, a first-
floor corner office in the New Senate .Q lee
Building tastefully decorated with KENNEDY
memorabilia. "Why were you interested?"
the student persisted.
RARE CANDOR
BOB KENNEDY replied in fragmented
phrases-as he sometimes does when deep
thoughts seem to outrun the words available
to express them--but his meaning was clear.
"Having gone through October 196,"
he said, without elaborating on the Cuban
missile crisis. "Being involved in whether
my children and other children were going to
survive * * * so that's why I was interested"
Then cs,me the crusher: Were there any
political indications that you might be cho-
sen?"
"Well, my family-" the Senator began. All
at once, the students were laughing and sud-
u
swung the car beside the marble orce -
ing and BOB KENNEDY hopped out.
Several persons were already waiting to
see him in the crowded corner Butte. There
were phone calls to be answered; hearings
to attend. Senator KENNEDY turned from
one visitor to another, moving quickly with-
out giving the appearance of being rushed.
Into the blue-carpeted office went Victor
Reuther, brother of the Auto Workers' Union
president, making arrangements for West
Berlin Mayor Willy Brandt to see the Senator;
and Philip Stern, a writer who with his wife,
Helen, had produced an irony-tinged picture
book about Washington which he wanted to
show the Senator.
At 10, Senator KENNEDY emerged into the
hallway, shook hands with a dozen tourists
and departed for a public hearing on a
juvenile crime bill.
Walking down the hallway, he ran into
Senator JOSEPH CLARK, Democrat, of Penn-
sylvania, who had just left the hearing cham-
ber. "Let's get together on housing," Sen-
ator CLARK proposed, "I hope it won't upset
them downtown, but I don't much care."
Keith Anderson was waiting at the wheel
of the convertible at 10:45 to take Senator
KENNEDY to a television studio, where he was
to narrate a filmed account of his recent as-
cent of Mount Kennedy for ABC's "VEide
World of Sports."
The Senator's wife, Ethel, was waiting at
the studio, wearing a chic beige dress. "Where
did you learn to tie the knots, Bossy?" she
asked, as they watched the climb on a moni-
tor. "In Scout camp," he said.
After the taping session, Senator KENNEDY
shook hands with the technical - crew and
headed back to his office, where the Harvard
students were waiting.
As soon as the collegians left, Mr. Whit-
taker and Mrs. Kennedy arrived. They
were joined by Senator ABRAHAM RIBICOFF,
Democrat, of Connecticut, who had a date for
lunch with the Senator.
Chuck Dunlap, 10, having waited for an
hour to see him, was ushered Into the office.
The boy, dressed in a Cub Scout uniform:, was
selling tickets to a Maryland scout circus at
$1 apiece,
After questioning Chuck for some time
about his progress, Senator KENNEDY said:
"Well, OK, we'll buy two," and asked his
secretary, Angela Novello, to advance the
money.
"This is my last dollar," the secretary
complained.
"You have to pay for being a national
politician," Senator RIBICOFF observed.
"They collect not only from New York but
here as well."
DOWN AND BACK
Meantime, Mr. Whittaker and Mrs. Ken-
nedy had -lunched in the Senate dining room
and the Senator joined them briefly to sign
the bill. Then he rushed up a flight of back
ride along 'the Potomac, down V`irginias the Senate's Presiding Officer.
George Washington Memorial Parkway, in a Once in the chair, he donned a pair of
1961 Mercury convertible. A faded 1964 cam- reading glasses to study a pile of reports
paign sticker reading "BOB KENNEDY for U.S. while a desultory debate on the administra-
Senator" was still stuck to the car's rear tions' education bill progressed in a nearly
bumper. empty Chamber.
EARLY AUDIENCE It was after 4 p.m. when his tour of duty
.only one of the nine Kennedy children ended.
was still around when he departed' at 9:15 Senator KENNEDY returned to his office,
am.Srom Hickory Hill, the family home In only to be told that he was wanted again
suburban McLean; Christopher, who will be immediately in the Chamber. He paused a
2 on the Fourth of July blew his father 'kisses moment to chat with Federal Highway Ad-
from the window of the front study. ministrator Rex Whitton, asked leaders of
Brumis, a black St, Bernard that once the Rockland County Democrats to walk
roamed free in the halls of the Justice De- with him back to the Capitol in the gather-
partaient, ,wanted to come along. But his ing dusk and reappeared on the floor to
master, whose current total working space is deliver the longest speech of his Senate
considerably more limited, said no. career-which lasted 10 minutes.
SENATORS YIELD
A Kennedy legislative aid, Adam Wa,lin-
sky, had remained up half the previous night
preparing the material which, it was thought,
would be delivered by Senators CLARK and
WAYNE MORSE, Democrat, of Oregon, man-
ager of the education bill.
The two Senators, however, wanted the
freshman to speak. When he was, throug 1
defending the grant formula in the school
bill, Senator MoRSE, proud as a parent, arose
to declaim:
"I say to my friend * * * that only sell -
restraint prevents my shouting `Hallelujah.
Hallelujah. Amen,' "
Norbert Schlei, an assistant Attorney Gen-
eral, and his wife, Barbara, were giving a
cocktail party between 6 and 8 p.m. When
the party was nearly over, the Senator ha'. -
ing cleaned up his deskwork, left the Hi11
to be driven to the Schleis' Georgetown home.
There, he spent a half-hour nursing a week
scotch, munching peanuts and conversirg
with his Justice Department successor, Nich-
olas Katzenbach, about the progress of the
voting rights bill.
Departing from the Schleis, the Senator
joined his wife at the Georgetown home of
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. for a
dinner party. Mr. Schlesinger, a former sp'i-
cial assistant to the President, is comple t-
Ing a book based on the Kennedy years at the
White House.
At 9 pm. that night, President Johnson,
accompanied by his family and Vice Presi-
dent Humphrey, rose in a Baltimore audience
to deliver a major speech on Vietnam. At
the Schlesingers no one watched the na-
tionally televised speech.
FOURTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE IN-
DEPENDENCE OF SIERRA LEONE
Mr. YARBOROtYGH. Mr. President,
today, April 27, marks the fourth anni-
versary of the nation of Sierra Leine
being an independent member of the
world community. Today is also the
4th anniversary of Sierra Leone's elec
tion as the 100th member of the United
Nations. On this landmark day in the
history of this country, I would like to
extend my congratulations to Sierra
Leone and the progress which it has
made as an independent nation.
This nation of more than 2 million
people is located on that stretch of 'West
African coastline where the mountains
meet the sea. In fact the name Sierra
Leone, or Lion Mountain, was given by
the Portuguese explorer Pedro da Cintra
in 1460 who thought the sound of
thunder in the mountains resembled the
roaring of lions. Freetown, the capital
of the country, is situated on one of
the finest natural harbors in the world,
and nearby are beaches whose bearty
is famous throughout West Africa.
Early visitors to this coast were Join
Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake. The
first settlement in 1787 was the work of
Granville Sharp, leader in the campaign
in England against slavery. In 1808 a
British colony was established from
which enforcement could be imposed in
abolishing the slave trade; captured
slave traders saw their cargoes freed by
the local courts. These persons from
all over West Africa became known as
Creoles and adopted many of the British
ways, while missionaries, many of them
American, brought education and Chris-
tianity to the colony.
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April 2 1.65 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
act of injustice and. tyranny that takes place of military supplies and other urgently
eYeryiihere on Jhe globe; and every act of needed aid from North Vietnam. Ohaffard's
tyranny and' Injustice that bakes place here emphasis on the effectiveness of the U.S.
hew its infiuencg everywhere in the world. It effort to slow the supply-flow amounts
W not one world in the happy sense that to news of the first order; for no one had
Wend-e11 Willkle imagined it; but it is one been sure that this effort was having any
world. nevertheless. Ana its --- ,e e,.,,,, ..R- - -..
that no one can light a fire anywhere in it
but that the nation With the biggest fire de-
pertinent has to decide whether to use it or
not to use it. And out of that choice
enormous consequences for good or evil must
flow.
Such is our burden, such our pain and
such our anguish. When, as a people, we
accept the fact that it is unavoidable and in-
escapable, the level of debate over what we
should or should not do in each recurring
crisis will rise. Each of our decisions to use
-force or to fail to use force is filled with
potential pain and injury for millions. This
ts the anguish that goes with great power.
THE SITUATION IN
Mr, McGEE, Mr. PresRt!I ask
unanimous. consent that articles on the
situation in Vietnam by Joseph Alsop,
Paul Ghali, Richard L, Strout, John M.
Hightower, and Keyes Beech be printed
at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
"THE VIETCONG Now FEARS DEFEAT"
By Joseph Alsop)
WASHINGTON.-In a bitter, hard-fought
war, and especially in a guerrilla war, noth-
ing is rarer than a reliable firsthand report
on the problems and state of mind of the
other side. Nothing like this has been forth-
coriiing in, all the many weeks since the first
American air attacks on North Vietnam.
Now, however, a remarkably vivid glimpse
through the Bamboo Curtain has suddenly
been provided by a series of articles in the
leftwing Paris weekly, "L'Express," by a
French newspaperman who has specialized in
Far Eastern affairs, Georges Chaffard. These
pieces are so encouraging that one hastens to
knock on wood as one reads them.
.The encouragement is all the greater be-
cause a more unexpected source of encour-
agement could hardly be imagined. Chaf-
tard is even further to the left than
"L'Express, and a hopeful appraisal of
American policy in southeast Asia is an un-
heard-of commodity among European left-
wingers.
Chaffard's appraisal is based, furthermore,
on the kind of firsthand observation from
which Americans are barred. On this round
he did not visit .Hanoi, but he recently spent
much time there., On this round he went to
Cambodia and thence moved up to join the
Vietcong in the jungle and to talk with lead-
ers of theso-called Liberation Front at their
hidden headquarters,
The headline put on Chaffard's articles by
"L'Express"-"The Vietcong Now Fears De-
feat"-is a good summary of the total im-
pressien conveyed. The first point that
Chafiard emphasizes is the way the American
decision to carry the war to the North has
completely upset the strategy of the Commu-
nists, who never believed that this was
possible.
Point two is the degree to which this de-
cision has changed the climate. "American
determination," says Chaffard, has caused
everyone to "reflect" a bit.
Third, Chaffard describes the Vietcong as
being forced, by the new American decision,
to redoub'e ,,their efforts . at the very
moment when American air and other oper-
ations are significantly reducing the flow
No. 74-7
Fourth, Chaffard reports Vietcong with-
drawal, now in progress, from very large and
important areas of South Vietnam for the
purpose of regrouping in the less vulnerable
mountainous regions north of Saigon. He
actually compares this withdrawal with the
Communists' pretended departure from
South Vietnam in 1954.
Fifth, Chaffard describes the Vietcong in
the South as seriously troubled by the war-
weariness of some of their adherents. And
he portrays the North Vietnamese as fearful,
above all, of just the kind of carefully tar-
geted bombing that President Johnson has
ordered, which will destroy the fruit of 10
years of desperately hard work and sacrifice.
One must add with great emphasis that
Chaffard nowhere predicts abandonment of
the struggle by the guerrillas in the South,
nor does he forecast acceptance by the North
Vietnamese of terms that would also be ac-
ceptable to the United States. Instead, he
quotes defiant statements by the "Liberation
Front" and the northern Communist bosses.
. He also says, however, that the "facade of
intransigence is not lacking in cracks,"
whether among the guerrillas or in North
Vietnam, He shows evidence that negotia-
tions to end the struggle are already desired
in some quarters in the North.
In sum, he does not say that the U.S. ef-
fort is succeeding now or assert that it is
going to succeed later. But he specifically
credits the U.S. effort with getting almost
exactly the results that have been hoped for,
at this particular stage, by Defense Secretary
Robert McNamara and his planners In the
Pentagon and in Saigon.
BETTER CHANCE FOR UNITED STATES: FRENCH
VIETNAM VIEWS CHANGING
(By Paul Ghali)
PARIS.-French experts on Indochina war-
fare say there is no comparison between the
U.S. base at Da Nang and the fateful Dien-
bienphu basin where they were trapped
by overwhelming Vietminh forces in 1954.
If the Vietcong wants to try and turn Da
Nang into even a symbolic Dienbienphu,
they are heading toward a crushing defeat,
these experts say.
The situation of Da Nang-known as Tou-
rane under the French-differs from that
of Dienbienphu in two essential geographi-
cal and military factors.
First, Dienbienphu lay in a basin cut
off by mountains on all sides and easy to
besiege. Da Nang is between a stretch of
mountain ranges and the sea. Given the im-
measurable, superiority of the American 7th
Fleet over Vietcong naval forces, Da Nang
is easy to defend and supfiy.
Secondly, at Dienbienphu the French
were about 160 miles from their source of
supply, Hanoi, and relied on inadequate air
transport for supplies. The attacking Viet-
minh were close to their bases in the Chinese
province of Yunan.
At Da Nang the American strategic posi-
tion is exactly the reverse. The Americans
have ample air and sea transport to bring
in supplies, whereas the Vietcong are far
from their main bases, which lie on the other
side of the 17th parallel.
Since Washington decided to send massive
reinforcements of troops and material to
South Vietnam and has started bombing
the Vietcong's supply routes, French mili-
tary experts appear to have changed their
minds about American chances of winning
the conflict.
8269
The consensus in French military circles
today is that the U.S. military position in
South Vietnam has improved considerably
in the last month and now creates a situa-
tion in which peace negotiations may be-
come possible. President Johnson's cancel-
lation of official visits in Washington and
journeys to Europe generally is considered
in Paris to be a sign that he wants to give
all his time to finding ways to peace in
Vietnam.
French diplomats hope that the path to
negotiations may be opened by the new pros-
pects of a conference over Cambodia, recent-
ly discussed in Washington by the President
and French officials. Johnson told them he
would like to see a conference on Cambodia
and Laos, but he believes the initiative of
summoning it should come from Britain and
the Soviet Union, as Cochairman of the 1954
Geneva Conference.
The French, who have lately considerably
improved their relations with the new South
Vietnam government, hold that South Viet-
nam should be invited to the conference just
as much as Red China or North Vietnam.
The new leaders in Saigon are believed here
to be far more amenable to the idea of neu-
trality for southeast Asia than were their
predecessors, provided this neutrality gets
strong international guarantees.
During a short visit to Paris last week,
the Vice President of the Saigon govern-
ment, Tran Van Tuyen, made significant
comments on his country's attitude toward
eventual peace negotiations..
He told his French interviewers that his
government was hardening in the fight
against the Vietcong in order to force
Hanoi to agree to peace discussions.
(From the Christian Science Monitor,
Apr. 26, 19651
THE CASE FOR VIET BOMBING
(By Richard L. Strout)
WASHINGTON.-Many administration offi-
cials feel they are not getting the case for
Vietnam bombing over to the American
people.
Protests have occurred on 50 college cam-
puses. The latest Gallup poll shows the
public deeply split. Controversy Is even
wider abroad.
What is the administration case?
Here is an effort to give the answer, put
together from authoritative sources.
Isn't bombing a "terror" tactic?
The Communist Vietcong wages a, ruthless
terror campaign. By latest count 450 inno-
cent civilian mayors and officials have been
killed, and 1,110-1,200 captured or kidnaped.
Sensing victory, the Vietcong doubled terror
attacks in the last 15 months, from 171 a
week to 350.
This is a dreadful toll in a population of
one-twentieth that of the United States.
Bombing is the United States counteraction.
MILITARY TARGETS
Doesn't bombing kill civilians?
Not many-certainly nothing to the Viet-
cong's systematic and calculated ruthless-
ness. Targets so far are military, not eco-
nomic. They have improved South Vietna-
mese morale.
In the past 8 to 10 weeks Buddhists have
cleansed themselves of Communist elements;
a most encouraging sign. U.S. intelligence
sees signs of confusion in the bloc countries
and believes the Soviets and Communist
China are further apart. There are some
signs of division in the government of Hanoi
over what punishment to take for refusing
Mr. Johnson's "unconditional discussions."
Walter Lippmann and Hans Morgenthau
argue that the Vietcong is really one politi-
cal party in a "civil war." Isn't that correct?
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Antiadministratlon viewpoints are worthy
subjects of discussion. But the administra-
tion totally rejects the "civil-war" thesis.
The Vietcong has around 40,000 regular
troops; another 100,000 partly equipped
Irregulars.
VIETCONG DIRECTION
Take the question of arms : in recent
months the South Vietnamese have lost 39,-
000 weapons; have captured 24,000 from the
Vietcong. This net loss of 15,000 weapons
obviously is inadequate to equip the Viet-
cong. In battles, April 5-6, 90 percent of
captured Vietcong small arms were Chi-
nese, plus a few Czech; 100 percent of the
large-bore were Chinese.
In short, what is considered overwhelm-
ing evidence shows the Vietcong depend-
ing on outside power for direction, for weap-
ons, for doctrine, and for day-to-day tactical
operations.
Well, even so, is it possible to defeat guer-
rilla tactics?
The United States believes so. Admitted-
ly, the present 525,000 South Vietnamese
military and paramilitary is substantially less
than the accepted successful ratio against
guerrillas. Its inadequacy led to deteriora-
tion; bringing United States bombing, start-
ing in February. The United States now Is
meeting this by stepped-up forces, increased
mobility (helicopters), added fire power,
close air support, and strategic bombing.
CONFERENCE TABLE AIM
The South Vietnamese now propose to ex-
pand their forces by 8,000 to 10,000 a month,
for 12 months. This was the subject of sub-
stantial discussion at the Hawaii war meet-
ing this past week. The United States has
not stopped infiltration from the north but
has reduced it.
The past week the United States made 450
al} sorties, dropping 900 tons of high explo-
sives. The Americans blew the canopy off
the jungle and explosed Vietcong depots on
one strike; ultimately destroying this by Viet-
namese ground forces.
Now about nuclear weapons?
American purpose is to bring the Vietcong
to the conference table. They are using
merciless tactics; the United States is re-
sponding more humanely. Its purpose is to
apply pressure, keep them guessing. It does
not recognize privileged sanctuaries nor
limits on types of weapons used. Commu-
nist China must know that the United States
could annihilate it. Ho Chi Minh, in Hanoi,
must realize his own risk. The United States
ought to pursue its objective at the lowest
cost to this country.
Using small, tactical nuclear weapons
would substantially :Increase the risk. Wash-
ington is also inclined to believe an attack on
China would bring Moscow to its defense.
The gas incident, stupid as it was, would not
of itself debar nuclear weapons. There is no
absolute prohibition on nuclear weapons,
but they are a threat, not a likelihood.
Are American aerial losses large?
No. They are running about 2 percent of
the strike aircraft; about 0.9 percent if
reconnaissance and nonraid aircraft are in-
cluded. The United States had knocked out
18 bridges through last Friday.
How long can this, go on?
Ask Ho Chi Minh his time limit. He
rejected discussions, even by U Thant of the
U.N. and by the neutral countries.
How about a 5-day pause in bombing to test
their reaction?
HISTORIC INTANGIBLES?
There is no sign yet that they are inter-
ested.
How about the "historic intangibles," that
Asia is throwing out whites?
They don't have to throw Americans out;
they can't wait to leave. The French were
training to stag in for economic advantage.
The United States has no economic interest
in staying in, whatever. South Vietnamese
leaders appear to realize this; of course, the
North Vietnamese charge that Americans are
colonists.
Are there flaws In U.S. weaponry? Also-
won't the war automatically escalate?
American forces have an absolute blank
check on ,50 billions of defense expenditures.
There has been no deficiency in supplies. As
to automatic escalation, Washington believes
that with skill and patience it can control
events, not events control it.
How about Communist China-is the
United States trying to contain it as it did
the Soviets?
The United States sees China slowly in-
creasing its power in the next decades. But
it will be a long time-a decade-before it
can seriously threaten the American home-
land. Ties between the Soviets and China
are weakened. It took the Soviets 5 decades
for industrialization; China started from a
lower base, and it will take longer.
Dissolution of China's ties with its captive
satellites (as It becomes "more bourgeoise")
will be much slower than for the Soviets.
Remember-the Soviets were contained. The
United States must look forward to trying
to contain China.
From the Dallas (Tex.) Morning News,
Apr. 24, 1965]
VIETNAM SEEN AS SING-SOVIET WEDGE
(By John M. Hightower)
WASHINGTON -U.S. Officials see some signs
the growing strains and dangers of the war
in Vietnam are wideing the split between
Russia and Red China--instead of pushing
them into a tighter common front against
the United States.
The situation is similar in some respects
to the growing rift between the United
States and France over the southeast Asian
war. An important difference seems to be,
however, that the Western Allies, being
loosely organized in the first place, seem more
able to tolerate disagreement than can the
Communists, who have a dogmatic need for
unity.
The worsening of United States-French re-
lations arises directly from the action of
President Charles de Gaulle in reducing
French participation in the Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization.
Some days ago he sent word France would
be represented at the SEATO meeting in
London next month only by an observer
instead of by Foreign Minister Maurice
Couve de Murville. Paris disclosed Friday
that De Gaulle is pulling out of SEATO
naval exercises in the Pacific.
De Gaulle's purpose possibly is to clear
the way for a joint Vietnamese peace effort
with the Soviet Union. The Soviet foreign
minister, Andrei Gromyko, is due in Paris
next week and his scheduled trip helps to
dramatize the dilemma in which the Soviet
Government finds itself with respect to the
Vietnamese war and the conflict with Com-
munist China.
The latest maneuver in the Sino-Soviet
quarrel came in Moscow Thursday and was
focused on a new unity appeal from Russia
to Red China.
Bt the effect of a speech made by Russia's
ideological boss, Pyotor N. Demichev, in a
Kremlin ceremony was to put new blame on
the Chinese Reds for refusing to follow
Moscow's lead in the Communist search for
unity.
Thus the real thrust of the speech seems
to have been a muted accusation by Moscow
that the Chinese Communists by their be-
havior are making unity impossible.
"Those who prevent our cohesion assume
serious responsibility before history," said
Demichev. His speech was received here
overnight and was getting careful study Fri-
day. He argued that reduction of Moscow-
Peiping differences is important at this time
to increase Communist effectiveness in Viet-
April ,', 1965
nam. He denied there Is in fact any kind
of dilemma for the Soviet Union in the Viet-
namese situation.
He said that some people-obviously mean-
ing the United States and Red China:-say
the Soviet Union is in dilemma. He added:
"In fact, there Is no such dilemma. The
policy for peaceful coexistence does not pre-
clude, but presupposes, a rebff to aggression
and support for peoples fighting against
alien domination."
In practical terms this definition of estab-
lished Soviet policy is taken here to mean
the Soviet Union would like to support North
Vietnam to the extent necessary to produce
Communist victory in Southeast Asia tut
limit its support to such actions as would
not bring on large-scale war between the
Communist powers and the United Stares.
By contrast, the Chinese Communists talk
in much more risky terms than the Soviet
Union. But they justify their advocacy of
all-out support for North Vietnam on the
grounds that the United States is a paper
tiger and will not itself take serious risk of
a major Asian war.
In the contest between Moscow and Pei-
ping over which is more devoted to the Com-
munist war of revolution, the Russians are
likely to be outbid by the Chinese, who have
fewer world responsibilities in their assess-
ment of U.S. power and policy. Moscow's ex-
perience in the confrontation over Cuba, in
1962 could have made a critical difference in
this respect.
Authorities here believe the Russians in
present circumstances would like to find a
peaceful solution in Vietnam on terms more
nearly acceptable to the United States than
would Communist China, which pos, ibly
would be glad to keep the Vietnamese con-
flict raging for years.
Some of the best-informed government, ex-
perts think the North Vietnamese themselves
fear Chinese domination and would. prefer
cooperation with the Russians. But Russia
is too far away to provide the same degree
of quick assistanace which the Red Chinese
can give, and therefore Moscow's Influence in
Hanoi is limited.
This situation may change somewhat as
the Russians begin to make good on p-om-
ised deliveries of arms to the North Viet-
namese. If by such means the Kremlin's
authority in Hanoi can be substantially in-
creased, the rest of the world will heave a
chance to find out whether the weight of
Russia's choice would go to peaceful, co-
existence or to an intensified Southeast Asian
war which could rapidly multiply the danger
of conflict between United States and Eoviet
forces.
TIDE Is TURNING: VEITNAM SITUATION
BRIGHTER THAN EVER
(By Keyes Beech)
SAIGON, April 12-The situation in South
Vietnam today was brighter than at any
time since the war started 6 years ago.
Barring major reversals during the next
few weeks, it looked as though the tide of
battle has at least turned against the Com-
munists. Not only is the enemy taking a
beating in North Vietnam from mounting
air strikes. He is taking a beating in the
south as well.
Here were the latest developments:
1. U.S. Marine combat strength in South
Vietnam jumped to 7,000 men as 3,000 more
Leatherneeks landed in central Vietnam.
This brings the total number of U.S. service-
men in South Vietnam to 31,000.
2. There was no longer any daub; that
the marines will get into combat. Although
their mission Is defensive, they will seek out
the Vietcong around their perimeter on the
time-tested theory that the best defense is
a good offense.
3. South Vietnam's much-maligned armed
forces, stimulated by a series of spectacular
victories, have clearly seized the initiative
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from the Vietcong. They have their tails
tip. ? They're charging hard. Any American
who repeats the old accusation that "the
Vietnamese. wgn't fight" ought to get sued
for libel.
There was, in the words of one top U.S.
military course, "reason for good cheer and
optimism."
The news was so, good in fact that Ameri-
cans on the spot, burned too many times in
the past by ill-founded optimism, were sus-
picious. As if to justify their distrust, there
was one cloud on the horizon. South Viet-
nam's guarreling generals were at it again.
U.S. military authorities were hopeful
they could keep the lid on. So far the dis-
array among the generals has not affected
the war effort. But it could.
Anti-foreignism is quick to surface in
politically volatile central Vietnam, hotbed
of Vietnamese nationalism and revolution-
axles, and American officials take note of this
fact by keeping the marines "as inconspicu-
ous as possible.
In De Nang, where the presence of so many
American servicemen has been a source of
friction, U.S. officials took a head count of
the number of men on the streets on a given
night. Liberty passes will be rationed so that
even though the number of marines has
Increased by one-third, the number on lib-
erty in Da Nang at any given time will re-
main the same.
But it is the South Vietnamese Army and
not the marines that will determine the mili-
tary course of events in South Vietnam. And
the Vietnamese were feeling their oats.
In the last few days the Vietnamese Army
has scored two smashing victories over the
Vietcong-one in the delta and another in
central Vietnam. _
The delta battle, which cost the lives of
6 American advisers, ended with more than
260 Vietcong dead by actual body count. This
was the biggest. tally of enemy dead of the
Ivar. _... ., ,. .
Two hundred more Vietcong died in a futile
assault on Vietnamese marines is heavily
populated Binh Dinh Province in central
Vietnam. The solidly entrenched marines,
occuping trenches and foxholes previously
tenanted by the Vietcong, beat off 10 night
attacks. Skyraiders caught remnants of the
Vietcong forces as they were trying to with-
draw at dawn. The kill ratio has been at
2 to i in its favor. In the Binh Dinh
battle 19 Vietcong died for every marine de-
fender.
A military spokesman estimated that air-
power accounted for 30 percent of the enemy
casualties in this encounter.
Perhaps the major factor in the increased
aggressiveness of Government forces in the
bombing of North Vietnam. Some observers
feared that Vietnamese forces would "sit on
their hands and., wait for America to win the
war" once the air strikes on the north be-
gan. The reverse has -happened.
During the last 2 wgeks, Government troops
have made contact with the enemy in 55 out
of 76 . battalion-sized operations--a truly
amazing record.
Other factors that account for the change
include the use of U.S. jet bombers and
fighters in support of Vietnamese ground
troops. Now the, Vietnamese soldier can see
U.S. power, which previously lay idle, at work.
This has worked magic in terms of morale.
More artillery and more helicopters have
helped. Another important factor is that
Government battalions, which a few months
ago were down to 200 men or less, are now
back up to strength-500 or more.
The changed situation has been reflected
in many ways. Intelligence, always a sure
sign of which vyay the wind is blowing in
the rice paddies, is getting better. Three
recent government victories were based on
solid intelligence.
in a country where draft dodging is a
highly developed national art, 7,000...Viet-
namese youths last month actually volun-
teered for army service. Volunteers all but
filed the quota of 8,000 men, leaving the
army with 2,000 more men than it had
sought.
Vietcong morale is low. Jet strikes have
had a devastating effect. Hard-core units
have become shockingly careless.
"The Vietcong just seem to be going
through the motions," said a U.S. adviser in
the delta. "Their hearts don't seem to be
in their work."
Once all this has been said it must be
immediately added: Nobody thinks the Viet-
cong have given up the fight. Badly as they
have been hurt, they remain an effective
and dangerous fighting force.
Mass infiltration-invasion from North Viet-
nam could alter the military picture over-
night. And that may very well be happening.
North Vietnam, has a hard-fighting army
of anywhere from 250,000 to 300,000 men.
Regular PAVN units (Peoples Army of Viet-
nam) have been identified in South Vietnam.
What Isn't known is how many of them there
are inside the country.
According to captured enemy documents,
the Vietcong were scheduled to launch a
counteroffensive starting Saturday, aiming
at sensational short-term victories that
would give them. a psychological advantage
but so far there is no sign of it.
If it happens the Communist drive will
be centered in South Vietnam's northern
provinces. This has been known for some
time, which is why American Marines were
brought Into that area.
Kontum, in the central highlands, is re-
ported to be one Vietcong objective, which
explains heavy U.S. Air Force strikes in that
area.
Another Communist ambition is to make
a Dienbienphu out of Da Nang. "I cannot
think of anything that would be more dis-
astrous-for the Communists-than to try
that," said one U.S. commander.
REQUEST FOR ADJOURNMENT
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the Senate
adjourn until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow.
Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will
the Senator withhold that request?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
withhold my request.
GEORGE WASHINGTON GOOD GOV-
ERNMENT AWARD TO SENATOR
HRUSKA
Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, Sun-
day night I had the very great pleasure
of attending the annual George Wash-
ington celebration of the American Good
Government Society, which is held on
the anniversary of George Washington's
taking his first oath of office as President
of the United States. It is a very fine
society. On that occasion, the society
customarily recognizes two citizens of the
United States, quite frequently distin-
guished. Members of Congress, but al-
ways from opposite parties, for their
services in behalf of sound constitutional
government, and for their services to the
Nation generally.
Last Sunday, at that very largely at-
tended dinner at the Sheraton Park Ho-
tel, I thought the occasion was a particu-
larly happy one, because the two public
servants who were picked out for this
very much merited - award were both
Members of Congress, our distinguished
colleague the, senior. Senator Irom,.Ne-
$271
braska [Mr. HRUSKAI and the distin-
guished chairman of the Interstate and
Foreign Commerce Committee in the
House of Representatives, Representative
OREN HARRIS, from Arkansas.
It was my great pleasure on that occa-
sion to present our distinguished col-
league [Mr. HRusKA] for the receipt of
that highly merited award, which he so
richly deserves for the kind of service
which he had rendered as a Member of
the House of Representatives and now
for years as a senator from Nebraska,
but also as a Senator of the United
States.
I ask unanimous consent to incorpo-
rate in the RECORD a copy of my remarks
presenting Senator HRUSKA for the
George Washington Good Government
Award on that occasion.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
REMARKS OF SENATOR HOLLAND ON PRESEN-
TATION OF GEORGE WASHINGTON GOOD GOV-
ERNMENT AWARD TO SENATOR HRUSKA
It is a special privilege for me to present,
on behalf of the American Good Govern-
ment Society, its 1965 George Washington
Award to my capable colleague-and my
good friend-RoMAN L. HRIISKA, the senior
Senator from Nebraska.
There is, as you know, an expression, per-
haps overused, "a Senator's Senator." I
know of no man who deserves that title more
than Senator HRUSKA. Better than most, he
comprehends the Senate, its nature and its
purpose. I suppose that, in varying degrees,
each of the 1,685 men who have sat in the
Senate has loved it. But few have under-
stood It better than Senator HRUSKA.
His unflagging attention to his senatorial
duties, his uncomplaining willingness to
suffer the sometimes outrageous demands of
impossible schedules, his unfailing courtesy
and regard for his colleagues-all these
stamped him early in his first term in the
Senate as a man who belongs there.
I don't know how Senator HRUSKA's voting
record would compare with my own, for ex-
ample. I know that we differ on some Is-
sues, agree on many others. But of this I
am completely convinced: ROMAN HRUSKA'S
votes are votes based on conviction.
He has not hesitated to cast votes that were
"wrong" from the then prevailing political
view, but which time and events have often
vindicated. His votes are based on long, care-
ful, and scholarly study of the issues. ? When
Senator HRUSKA rises to speak in the Senate
Chamber-and this is not so often as some
of our colleagues speak-we all listen because
we know we will hear a thoughtful, well-
reasoned, informed discussion of the subject
at issue, and it will be well delivered.
ROMAN HRUSKA has been practicing good
government for most of his 60 years. A news-
paper reporter not long ago said of him:
"His career is something of an American
success story, embodying old-fashioned vir-
tues like thrift, hard work, independence, and
a steady progress toward a goal."
Your presence at this dinner tonight shows
that you find nothing unattractive (old fash-
ioned) about the virtues of good government,
honest government, able government, com-
passionate government.
ROMAN HRIISKA believes that goodgovern-
ment requires work. He is intimately ac-
quainted with both. It is my pleasure to
serve with, him on the Appropriations Com-
mittee of the Senate. Althougl his senior
position on the Judiciary Committee requires
a great deal of his time, and he carries a heavy
load there, still he comes to the Appro-
priations Committee, fully informed, well
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8272 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE April 2-', 1965
briefed--sometimes to the discomfiture of ican Good Government Society on that works and believes to be sincere in the corn-
witnesses from the executive branch. occasion. mon effort to advance the work of the Con-
But then, ROMAN HRUSKA has "worked all There being no objection, the resolu- gress. In fact, Senator HOLLAND, while I
his life. He carried papers as a boy, worked thank you most deeply for your generosity,
his way through college and'law school and tion was ordered to be printed in the I would like to say that you seemed to have
still managed to do well scholastically. His RECORD, as follows: borrowed especially heavily from your in-
debating skill first flowered as a member of RESOLUTION OF TRIBUTE AND HONOR, grained gentlemanly and even courtly coop-
the high school debating team `in Omaha. HON. ROMAN L. HRUSKA eration with your colleagues in doing so.
His sharp instinct for the fine legal points of Lawyer, statesman, and businessman-has But I hasten to add that your remarks a ?e
complicated legislation was developed during served 8 years as county commissioner; one most pleasant to my ears, as undeserved is
a successful law practice. term in the House of Representatives and for they may be.
His high regard for the tax dollar showed more than 10 years as U.S. Senator. The American Good Government Sociey
itself during his membership on the Douglas Throughout his entire public career, he has pays me high, but unearned, honor in se-
County Board of Commissioners in Omaha- been a hard-working friend of the taxpayer. lecting me for this award. The list of the
While he was its chairman, the board During his 7 years as chairman of the Nebras- previous honorees is In itself eloquent testi-
achieved seven straight reductions in the ka, Douglas County Commissioners there mony to the richness of this distinction, and
county tax levy. were seven straight tax rate reductions and to the difficulty of measuring up to its high
That concern has in no way lessened dur- the bonded debt was retired. In his single requirements.
ing his splendid service in the House of Rep- term in the House he was an effective mem- I accept it because I aspire to deserve it,
resentatives and now in the Senate, where ber of the Committee on Appropriations; in and shall keep trying to do so.
he sits on a committee, 'which each year con- the Senate his fiscal and legal talents led I accept it because, like you, I am cor:I-
siders a budget of $100 billion. But Senator naturally to places on the Appropriations pletely committed to the principles whi':h
HRUSKA is no advocate: of sweeping, indis- and Judiciary Committees for these talents the society seeks to foster and defend--tae
criminate slashes in the budget. He is a were highly regarded by fellow Senators of principles of good government, of a govera-
champion of a strong military, he believes both parties. Candor, courage, intelligence, Dent of laws administered by wise, able, and
in a responsible stewardship over natural re- and industry have marked Senator HRusKA's compassionate leaders and representatives
sources-and in our agriculture subcommit- life. These qualities make him a tower of responsible and responsive to the people;
tee he is an articulate and effective spokes- strength and support of the principles of the that is to say, a government truly by tae
man for soil and water conservation-he is Constitution of the United States, the bless- people.
committed to a national policy of growth ings of liberty they endow, and the republi- * ^ * * *
under a free and expanding economy. can form of government they bestow. It is well that there exists a Good Govern-
Although we represent different political H. G. ROBERTSON, ment Society. Perhaps at no time in the 176
parties, I would like to believe that ROMAN Chairman, years since George Washington's first in-
and I represent similar political philosophies. J. HARVIE WILLIAMS, augural have we been more in need of a
We both want for this Nation and for our Secretary reminder of the proper role of government.
children and_grandchildren, a future which (For the Board of Trustees, American Today we are at a crossroads which will
is secure and productive under a govern- Good Government Society). determine not whether we actually have one
went that is our servant-not our master. APR.u. 25, 1965. form of government or another, but even
Together we reject the alarmists who cry whether we will be able to debate a meanin g-
doom, because we share an abiding confi- Mr. HOLLAND. On that occasion, in ful choice.
dence in the greatness of America-a great- responding, after receiving that award, We are not talking about the survival of
ness rooted not here in the. marble halls of our distinguished colleague made a very capitalism, or of constitutional government
Washington, but in the people of America- fine address, and I ask leave at this time as systems-we are talking actually about
the people in Omaha, Nebr., in Bartow, Fla.,
in Bangor, Maine, and in Oakland, Calif- have incorporated in the RECORD, as a their survival even as ideas.
eed when it comes to the great choice
This confidence in the people was held by part of my remarks, extracts from the that we should be considering, our normal
George Washington, in whose memory and remarks of Senator HRVSKA. Inciden- political and organizational activities are not
honor this award is made. But Washing- tally, with his accustomed modesty, he of primary concern. We must first decide in
ton recognized that it would require great took out some humorous portions of it, our own minds, hearts, and souls what sort
vigilance to protect the liberties which the I assure the Senate, however, that it was of nation we wish to have. Only then can.
people had won. In his Farewell Address, he a very fine address, as Senators will see our poltical and organizational efforts be di-
ceunseled: from reading it. It contained some fine rested powerfully and unswervingly toward.
"It is important, likewise, that the habits comments. It also gleamed with humor fulfillment of that choice.
of thinking in a free country should inspire and was full of good American common-
caution In to those entrusted
confine t themselves with its within adman- their sense and observations. Our Founding Fathers made such a deci-
istration * * '
e
respective constitutional spheres, avoiding I ask unanimous consent to have those elan some 200 decided years that ago.
man was meant to be
in the exercise of one department, to en- 6XtraGts from the remarks of Senator free; to have a maximum opportunity to
croach upon another. The spirit of en- HRUSKA on that fine occasion printed project throughout his entire, life the equal-
encroachment tends to consolidate the pow- the RECORD at this point. ity he possessed when he was created; and
era of all the departments in one, and thus There being no objection, the extracts to have opportunity to possess, develop, and
to create, whatever the form of government, were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, enjoy those certain unalienable rights-life,
areal s espords axe as liberty, and the pursuit of happiness--with
'These meaningful today as follows: which he was endowed by his Creator.
when they were were uttered nearly two centuries hi- s E ROMAN HRUsKTHE A KA FROM ON RECEREMARKSMNG OF THE 1985 SENATOR They decided to institute a governor not
award, , In the choosing society has ROMAN honored a HRUSKA man r CODohi for
- GEORGE WASHINGTON AWARD OF THE AMERI- truly of the people, in order to make man's
man mission
a reality.
pletely dedicated to constitutional govern- CAN GOOD GOVERNMENT SOCIETY, SHERATON- To institute such a government, they had
went, a man who believes that government PARK HOTEL, WASHINGTON, D.C., AzntrY. 95, strike down a government holding end
must be limited by the people, a man corn- 1965 exercising almost unlimited power bayed
matted to integrity in government, both fl s- The introductory remarks of the senior
cal and moral. In brief, he is a man who upon claimed divine right guilty ings. ing
believes with Washington in "the benign in- Senator from Florida dare most generous and government had been gltof denying
fluence of good laws under a free govern- highly appreciated. freedom to to men. It had been guilty of a
ment:' It is truly rewarding to be closely assn- long train of abuses, "Injuries and usurpa-
Senator ROMAN HRUSKA, it is a great per- elated with him in the Senate, in committee, tions all having in direct object the estab-
sonal pleasure forme to present to you this and otherwise. Primarily, of course, because lishment of an absolute tyranny over these
award in recognition of your record of die- of the valued lessons one learns in the diffi- States."
award in leadership and outstanding cult and complicated task of creating sound The Revolution won, government domina-
achievement in the field of good govern- legislation and rejecting unwise proposals. tion over the individual was banished.
meat. His long years of dedicated service over wide Shackles were stricken from human initia-
areas of public interest have made his mind tive. A nation was founded in which each
Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, I and intellect a veritable treasurehouse of in- citizen had certain rights which he could
think Senators will be interested in read- formation and judgment. With ease he assert against everyone else, including his
Ing the exact wording of the resolution, draws so precisely upon this past experience own government.
]Wade so deservedly, about our distin- for almost any situation which might arise. This was done by restricting and limiting
guished colleague, Senator HRIISKA. Over and above his activities as a law- the powers and the scope of government.
maker, however, are the human, compassion- There followed the development of a peo-
I ask unanimous 'consent to have ate qualities of which he is inherently and ple of many great capacities and attributes:
printed in the RECORD at this point a copy abundantly possessed. a willingness, in fact an eagerness, to work
of the resolution of tribute and honor to It is always with genuine courtesy that diligently, for they knew that they could
Hon, ROMAN L. HRUSKA from the Amer- he strives to be helpful to all with whom he keep the fruits of their labor for their use
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April 27, 1965
"And none of these areas recently."
Mr. Speaker, we only have to look at
the events of the past few years: the
burning of the Freedom Riders' bus in
1961 at Anniston; the Birmingham
church bombing and the resulting
deaths; the situation in Selma and the
murders of Rev. James Reeb and
Viola Liuzzo; All the acts of terror and
violence, all of the acts which deny the
rights of human beings, were ignored by
the gentleman from Alabama.
So his speech is really a subterfuge,
an effort to camouflage and to cover up
the situation with which we must deal by
creating a climate of hysteria. The the-
sis that Negro citizens are not denied
their rights in Alabama is patently and
Let me quote from the President of the
United States when he addressed Con-
gress on March 15 in the aftermath
of the atrocities in Selma and the use
of mounted posses and billy clubs to Sup-
press those exercising their constitu-
tional rights. President Johnson said in
his message:
The denial of these rights and the frus-
tration of efforts to obtain meaningful re-
lief from such denial without undue delay
is contributing to the creation of conditions
which are both inimical to our domestic
order and tranquility and incompatible with
the standards of equal justice and individual
dignity on which our society stands.
The President clearly understood that
there would be those who, like the speak-
er this afternoon, would in the Presi-
dent's words, "appeal to, you to hold onto
the past." These people, the President
CONGRESSIONAL: RECORD ROUSE
again, for no'amount of character as-
sassination, no attacks even from the
floor of the House of Representatives are
going to hold back the onward march of
history nor quiet the aroused conscience
of America.
Mr. Speaker, as we move forward, as
we seek to fulfill the meaning of liberty
and justice, there will be attacks; there
will be efforts to derail the onward march
of history; there will be smears and
innuendoes; but in the long range of his-
tory it will be recorded that one of the
finest hours was the hour when citizens
from all over the United States answered
the call of Rev. Martin Luther King and
marched with him those many miles, day
and night, from Selma to the capitol at
Montgomery.
Mr. Speaker, let us put aside the petty
attacks and the snide smears and the
innuendoes. Let us realize that the
question of equality and justice is at
stake as never before in America, and
that we as Members of Congress have an
obligation under our oath to fulfill. Let
us fulfill it by passing an effective voting
rights bill, a bill which will make it un-
necessary for us to come back to this
floor again as we have since 1957, in 1960,
and again in 1964 to assure this basic
right to all Americans.
Mr. Speaker, it is crystal clear that
the irrelevancies and the efforts to be-
smirch the Selma-to-Montgomery march
are only being used to divert attention
from the injustices to fellow Americans.
The relevant question is: Are the de-
mands of the Negro citizens of Alabama
just and legitimate? Let us not be misled
said, "do, so at the cost of . denying the __ by those whose purpose is the perpetua-
future." tion of the injustices we all know violate
The Civil Rights Commission reported the Constitution and our cherished con-
the denial of voting rights in Alabama. cept of freedom.
The gentleman from New Jersey Mr. The SPEAKER. The time of the
KRESS], mentioned the low state of Ne- gentleman from New York has expired.
gro registration in that State. Only 23
percent of the Negroes in Alabama are
registered to vote, and' in many counties
the Negro registration is zero or practi-
. The chronicle of violence is well known
to all of us; and look at the terrible toll
in lives. In the past 2 years 11 persons
have been murdered for participating in
civil rights activities in Alabama. This
is how the expression of legitimate griev-
ances. is suppressed.' The simple, clear
fact is that in Alabama as in Mississippi
and-other areas, Negroes do not receive
almpie justice. It is not necessary to
recite the grim statistics which moved
the President and stirred the consciense
of this Nation. The civil rights move-
ment has struck a responsive cord in all
Americans who believe in freedom and
justice. It has stirred the conscience of
America, and it was the conscience of
America which poured out and marched
from Selma-to Montgomery-men and
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent that the special order
which I have obtained this afternoon
follow the special order and comments
of the gentleman from Alabama [Mr.
DICKINSON], and that all Members have
5 legislative days in which to extend their
remarks on this subject.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
York?
There was no objection.
The MAKER. Under previous order
of the House, the'gentleman from Texas
[Mr. PATMAN], is recognized for 30
minutes.
Mr. PATMAN,' Mr. Speaker, on April
13, 1965, one of Texas' most influential
of all faiths and religions. newspapers, the Paris News, published
In the march were religious leaders, by Walter Bassano, at Paris, Tex., made
rabbis, priests, ministers, nuns, those who this objective and, I think, particularly
have devoted their lives to serving,God wise editorial observation regarding
and. hulxiaitty; ,They marched because President Johnson's 's handling of - the
they understood that humanity was at Vietnam issue. It- is well worth our at-
8321
[Prom the Paris (Tex.) News, Apr. 13, 1965]
PRESIDENT'S APPROACH TO VIETNAM PROBLEMS
OFFERS REASONABLE RECOURSE
President Johnson's recent policy speech
on Vietnam might be interpreted as an ex-
tension of the carrot and stick philosophy.
The proposals have certain pitfalls such as
the onus of a peace bribe or an attempt to
buy peace; they also have certain advantages
such as repudiating U.S. power or territorial
designs and confronting the Communists
with the necessity of talking or shouldering
the blame for continued warfare.
The President's offer of a billion dollars of
economic development assistance regardless
of whether there is peace is something easier
held out than delivered. Congress will want
to look closely at whatever aid is extended to
obtain some faint assurances that the invest-
ments will not be in vain or an intermediatd
venture on the way to the hands of the
enemy.
However, there is this much to say for the
President's suggestions-they represent an
attempt to break out of the same old formula
which often carry the seeds of , their own
destruction because of inflexibility or lack
of imagination.
Negotiating from strength does not neces-
sarily mean whip 'em and dictate the terms.
It does mean strength of purpose as well as
of armed might to the degree that we will
not be harassed into compromising a prin-
ciple-the principle that the Vietnamese are
entitled to work out their destiny in free-
dom from the insidious pressures and infil-
trations of international communism.
Until there is disposition to do something
about outside masterminding of the Viet-
cong, then the supplies of the Cong need to
continue to feel the sting of air attacks.
Attrition works two ways.
STATUTES, "REGULATIONS, POLI-
CIES, AND PRACTICES OF SE-
LECTED FOREIGN COUNTRIES
PROVIDING FOR PREFERENCES
FOR DOMESTIC MATERIALS AND
FIRMS IN THE AWARDING OF
PUBLIC SUPPLY AND PUBLIC
WORKS CONTRACTS
The SPEAKER. Under previous or-
der of the House, the gentleman from
Pennsylvania [Mr. SAYLOR] is recog-
nized for 60 minutes.
Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, I am
concerned, as are all Americans, with
our Government's monetary and eco-
nomic policies. Today, the two most per-
sistent economic problems facing the
United States are our unfavorable bal-
ance of payments and unemployment.
While our present unemployment level
is acute, should there be a downturn in
the economy, this situation would be-
come critical. Pennsylvania had 233,-
000 persons unemployed during March.
The Nation as a whole had 3,740,000 per-
sons out of, work during the same period.
We are faced with an inescapable and
unavoidable responsibility to provide em-
ployment for these unfortunate fellow
citizens. The Appalachian program,
the Manpower Training and Develop-
ment Act, the antipoverty programs and
other proposals are splendid ideas and
promise dividends in higher employment,
but we must be relentless in our fight to
create more work for our labor forces.
The President's economic report for 1965
calls unemployment "the greatest test
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April
now confronting our general econo*nlc
and manpower policies." I sub-
mit that Congress should-. continue to
support measures which proyide , that
moneys expended by this a. Ministration
will be used for the benefit of the people
of this country.
The balance-of-payment deficit and
the outflow of gold poses far more com-
plex problems in that internal actions
alone cannot eliminate this deficit but
could reduce it substantially.. In the
main our trade and tariff policies have
been formulated to coincide with our for-
eign policy requirements rather than
considered in conjunction with our cur-
rent unemployment problems.
This country is committed to efforts to
end our balance-of-payments deficits.
and I would remind my colleagues that
this administration Pledged itself to
eliminate this deficit. Congress has been
asked to enact various measures to
strengthen our checks on foreign use of
U.S. capital markets. The Secretary of
the Treasury has been asked to enroll
our banking community in a major effort
to limit lending abroad. American in-
dustry has been requested to limit direct
investments in foreign countries. The
Department of Defense and the Agency
for International Development have been
directed to cut oversew, spending to the
bone. Finally, our citizens have been en-
couraged to "see American first."
Whether these various measures will
be adequate is not yet determined, but it
is clear to me that we should carefully
analyze our trade policies and the policies
of other nations in their entirety if we
are to rectify these pressing problems.
It is the nontariff barriers imposed by
others, nations; that, have by great meas-
ure contributed to our present balance-
of -payments deficit.
Let me make my position clear. I am
not blind to the need for dealings with
the other trading nations of the world,
but I ask that we keep in mind the fact
that we are beset with acute problems
that are directly related to our foreign
spending policies.
If we are to maintain our economic
and military commitments to other na-
tions with the attendant gold outflow we
should at- the minimum, be afforded reci-
procity by foreign governments in the
field of public procurement policies.
Mr. Speaker, am I to understand that
our Nation is to be committed to cor-
recting our international balance of pay-
ments on the one hand while, on the
other, we are to permit Federal contracts
to be awarded to foreign concerns? This
possibility especially concerns me when
I consider that. the major trading coun-
tries of the world discriminate against
foreign industry in-favor of their domes-
tic concerns.
I submit that the individual taxpayer
has a right to ask that his Government
buy domestic products because that tax-
payer has contributed, his money toward
procurement of those services and sup
plies. Purchases from-domestic concerns
are sound and logical from an economic
viewpoint if all factors are considered.
For example, a Government agency re-
cently procured some supplies from a
foreign supplier at a cost of $500,000 and
contended that it had saved the Govern-
merit approximately $100,000. A care-
ful analysis of this procurement would
have disclosed that such a savings was
not, in fact, achieved by our Govern-
ment. If the procurement had been
made from a domestic concern, a con-
siderable percentage of the money in-
volved would have been used to pay
local, State, and Federal taxes. Addi-
tional tax revenue would have been
achieved from the necessary procure-
ment of raw materials necessary to pro-
duce the manufactured products desired
by the agency. Further, the workers
necessarily employed to produce the raw
materials -and the manufactured items
would have received several hundreds of
thousands of dollars in wages, part of
which would have been applied to their
social security funds, pensions, payroll
taxes, along with a corresponding de-
crease in unemployment compensation
that many otherwise received.
One major domestic industry has re-
cently estimated that at least 30 percent
of every dollar collected from the sale of
the product involved eventually goes-
through corporate, personal, property
and sales taxes-to Federal, State, and
local taxing bodies.
Mr. Speaker, advocates of free trade
may label my case for domestic prefer-
ence of public supply and public works
contracts as an attempt to return to the
days of isolationism and protectionism.
Domestic preference is neither isolation-
ism nor protectionism. As a matter of
fact, it is the accepted way of transacting
public business in almost every major
trading country in the world. For ex-
ample, in a recent staff study made by
the U.S. Bureau of the Budget, the fol-
lowing statement concerning foreign
procurement policies of the members of
the Organization for Economic Coopera-
tion and Development-OECD-is made:
The State Department has obtained re-
ports from U.S. embassies on the foreign pro-
curement policies of all OECD countries
which indicate that * * * various practices
hamper or restrict the opportunities of for-
eign firms to compete for Government con-
tracts.
The study further states:
Practices which limit the opportunity to
compete for Government contracts include
such things as * * * exclusive preference to
domestic firms; regulations which preclude
foreign bidding on Government contract.
In summary, few other countries have de-
fined their "buy national" policies as pub-
licly as the United States, but widespread
administrative discretion generally permits
them to show preference for domestic firms.
Mr. Speaker, at the time the Bureau of
the Budget staff study was made, a com-
plete compilation of domestic preference
laws and regulations of the major world
trading countries was not available.
However, such a compilation is now
available. I shall introduce beginning
today for inclusion into the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD a two-volume report, pre-
pared by Joseph W. Marlow, associated
with Cravath, Swaine & Moore of New
York City, which report substantiates the
fact that the major world trading coun-
tries, such as Japan, France, Italy, Can-
ada, the United Kingdom, and some 27
others do, in fact, favor their domestic
concerns to the almost complete exclu-
sion of U.S. products.
27, 1965-
The report that l: shall institute cites
chapter, page, and verse from the laws
and regulations of these major trading
countries, proving that a domestic pref-
erence program exists in each one of
these countries.
I submit that the policy of domestic;
preference pursued by these major trad -
ing countries is a sound and logical pol-
icy. The United States must be as wise
as these countries have been and recog-
nize that domestic preference is good
for the country and its citizens.
Japan, for example, has recently rec-
ognized that domestic preference does,
in fact, benefit the nation. On Septem-
ber 20, 1963, the Japanese Cabinet issued
a "Buy Japan" decision, justified in part
as follows:
In order for the Japanese economy to
attain growth at the rate expected by tha!
Government, the Government should take
the lead in carrying out such measures as are
within its jurisdiction to take, while keeping:
the international payments in balance, anc
at the same time voluntary cooperatior.
should be expected from the industrial anc.
financial circles.
It is therefore decided that correct evalu-
ation for domestic products * * * be estab-
lished and that effort be made to encourage,
the use of domestic products by the Govern-
ment and Government agencies, in order tc
prevent the outflow of foreign exchange
through unnecessary imports and to promote
the domestic industries.
Our Nation, with its similar problems,
must be equally as wise and recognize
that domestic preference is in the Na-
tion's best interests.
In summary, Mr. Speaker, I submit
that public procurement of foreign sup
plies and services should be held to ar.
absolute minimum. My daily remarks
will prove that such action would be ir
step with the practices and policies of
the major world trading countries. Such
action would also be compatible with our
national interests regarding balance of
payments, gold reserves, employment.
and real net cost.
I produce this material not to casti-
gate or condemn our foreign friends, but
only to demonstrate that it is unorthodox
as well as idiotic for our own Govern-
ment to spend public funds for materials
that, if supplied by domestic producers,
would provide employment for Ameri-
cans, bring taxes into all levels of gov-
ernment, and improve our balance-of-
payments position. In the midst of our
current make-work programs, how can
we justify buying materials from alien
sources to the exclusion of U.S. industry
and labor?
The one justifiable alternative to the
policies and practices of foreign govern-
ments described in the following study
is for our own Government to buy from
producers and suppliers in the United
States-not as a retaliatory move but
only as the reasonable answer to Amer-
ica's unemployment and balance-of-
payments problems.
INTRODUCTION
In a staff study on the "Foreign Procure-
ment of the United States Government"
made in 1963 (and released in April 1964),1
'Printed in Appendix 3 to the Transcript
of Hearings Before the Subcommittee on
Defense Procurement of the Joint Economic
Committee of Congress, Apr. 16 and 21, 1964.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-APPENDIX April 27, 19641
forms of lawlessness, he felt that an honest
American had no choice save fo get out. He
did.
Now, in 1965, Bil1 Hendrix has written the
House Un-American Activities Committee of-
fering his cooperation and suggesting the
committee schedule a meeting'?in the Tampa
or St. Petersburg area.
In this letter to the committee Mr. Hen-
drix said:
"While in Atlanta, Ga., in 1959 at a na-
tional Klan rally, those of our group with-
drew from Klan activity and requested all
Klan groups to disband. Later we gave out
a story to Ralph McGill and he printed the
story which had nationwide attention.
"We still say the Klan must operate out-
side the law under its present programs
I believe if you will look on your records you
will find that the Southern nights of the
Ku Klux Klan has a long record. * t * We
disbanded because we found' that a Man
group could not operate without going out-
side the law. The very" name Klan to many
people today, means working outside the law
and many of the new. Klan ,leaders know
nothing about the law and cafe less.
"We believe that the southern politicians
are to blame for the plight of the South and
that such as Faubus, Barnett, and Wallace
are wrong and are the cause of most of the
unlawful actions now being practiced In the
South,"
In a postscript to the copy of his letter
to the House committee, former Dragon Hen-
drix suggests that the original statement
of withdrawal might be published. It is at
hand.
Worried because a criminal element was
Obtaining control of some Mans, Hendrix
said, 6 years ago:
"I can no longer agree to such things as
bombing and burning schools and churches.
* * * Twenty years ago when I joined tke
Klan I took an oath that I would obey and
uphold the Constitution of the United, States
and Its political subdivisions. An Klan mem-
bers took that oath. * * * I stated frankly
that under the law I saw no way out but to
accept the court orders on segregation.
"'I am certainly for segregation' I told
the Klansmen, 'and have said so from the
public platform for more than20 years. But,
I and not going out and bomb and burn
schools and commit crimes some people in
the Klan are proposing. We of the Southern
Knights hold the honor of not ever having
had a member in trouble for violating the
law. I want all you Klansmen to remember
that you and I took the same oath.. ** *
I have held every office In the Klan and I
know `that the Klan is goings to get law-
less.' '
'T'here is not room,for all 1,~endrix's state-
ment and letter of almost a decade ago, But
he was'a good prophet. The Federal Bureau
of Investigation found ties with Mans in
the bombing and killing of Sunday school
children in7Birntingham, in the horrible mur-
der and hiding of the bodies of the three
young civil rights workers in Mississippi, in
the killing of an unoffendi4 and unarm
woman on the highway between Selma and
Montgomery, and in many other violent
Time was when decent men did get into
the Mans. Most of them long ago saw, as
did Bill Hendrix, that the several Mans were
headed toward actions no decent American
could condone. They got out.
We trust the House TJn-American Activi-
ties Committee will use what help Hendrix
can offer. Certainly the Klan, as President
Johnson has said, and as the record demon-
strates, is un-American in effect and action.
Management of News in the'
Asia Area
iI
HON. ROBERT F. ELLSWORTH
Or KANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
. Tuesday, April 27, 1965
Mr. ELLSWORTH. 'Mr. Speaker, in
his Saturday column for April 24, Dolph
Simons, Jr., publisher of the Lawrence,
Kans., Journal-World, comments in a
very telling way on the management
of news in the southeast Asia area.
I hope Mr. Simons continues to hit
this critical subject-and I intend to
share his comments with the Congress.
Freedom of the press, and accurate news
reportage, are essential to our national
purposes all the time-just as much in
time of war and danger as in time of
peace.
Mr. Simons most recent column fol-
lows :
THE SATURDAY COLUMN
(By Dolph C. Simons, Jr.)
Reports issued the past 10 days at the
American Society of Newspaper Editors meet-
ing in Washington and at the American
Newspaper Publishers Association's annual
convention in New York can't help but make
the public wonder If it is being told the truth
or Is being fed propaganda about the war in
Vietnam.
There is no question but that U.S. officials
in Washington and Saigon have tried their
best to color, distort, and censor the news
coming out of the Asian country. They have
refused to allow American reporters into cer-
tain military areas, they do not allow Amer-
ican military personnel to talk to reporters
and they have tried to attach misleading im-
portance and evaluations to many situations.
This is happening at both ends of the war,
at the Pentagon and in Vietnam.
Unfortunately, the American public doesn't
seem to concerned about this dangerous at-
tempt by the Government to control the news
even though American casualties are increas-
ing week by week.
It is difficult to understand this lack of in-
terest about Vietnam, since there's no ques-
tion that America is going to become more
and more involved, more men will be killed,
the cost to American taxpayers will keep soar-
lng and there is the possibility this "limited"
war could plunge Uncle Sam into an all-out
war with, China or Russia.
American newsmen are trying their best
to report the war, brit our own officials are
not allowing the public to know what Is going
on, George Beebe, president of the Asso-
ciated Press Managing Editors Association,
pointed out the American public is not get-
ting either "the full story or the true story"
on the Vietnam war.
To make matters even worse, the U.S. In-
formation Agency has been given the assign-
ment of handling the press briefings in Sai-
gon. This is an American propaganda
agency set up to try to make the United
States look good throughout the world, and
here it is serving as the official voice of what
is going on in Vietnam. USIA controls the
military briefings and has set up regulations
about news policies regarding air strikes,
and the ground rules under which American
newsmen have to operate. The Pentagon
and the White House evidently not only ap-
prove of this controlled news, but are en-
couraging it.
How can the public have confidence in its
Government and statements of its officials,
whether it is about Vietnam or the cost of
medicare if Government spokesmen thin't
it 1s all right to spoon-feed the public In the
field of news? Various well-qualified spokes-
men in Washington and New York hit hard
at deliberate attempts by our Government
to mislead the public by either withholding
news or telling only part of a story.
When an elected Government official
thinks he is powerful enough to control th~
news, censor the news and deliberately mis-
lead the public, it's time to watch out.
This is what happened in-other countries
prior to the ruthless takeovers of such men
as Hitler, Peron and others.
The press is trying to report the news in
Vietnam and to inform the public on what
is actually taking place. American citizens
are going to have to become more concerned
over this censorship and voice their opin-
ions to Representatives and Senators t:)
bring about a change.
Reapportionment in Ohio-Issue No. 3
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
-
or
HON. JOHN J. GILLIGAN
Or OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, April 27, 1965
Mr. GILLIGAN. Mr. Speaker, Iii
Ohio, next month, an election will occur
which will determine to a large degree
the civil rights of Ohio citizens, white
and Negro, for many years to come.
The election In question concerns re-
apportionment of the State Legislature
in Ohio, and is known as issue No. 3
This issue is a nonpartisan one, Mr.
Speaker, and is concerned with the es-
sential right of the majority of the peo-
ple of Ohio to receive a majority of the
legislative seats in the legislature. Com-
pared below are the last three Ohio
House of Representative election con-
tests:
(In percent]
Percentage
majority
party vote
statewide
Percentage
of House
seats won b`r
the majority
party
1960---------------------
1062 -----------------------
1984 -----------------------
We see here, Mr. Speaker, that for the
last three elections, the majority party,
as Indicated by the vote of the people
of Ohio, received a minority of the seats
in the legislature.
If this had happened in any of the un-
democratic nations of the world, where
electoral systems are rigged by tyrants
and demagogs to assure minority rule,
we would be shocked. The citizens of
such countries would look upon their
electoral systems as unworkable sham:.,
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the USIA, were becoming overwhelming for
a single museum. The Modern, therefore,
is not going to constitute itself the "art
community" and pick up the ball from where
USIA's economy fiends have droliped it. The
American Federation of Arts in theory could
represent the "art community," but in this
ease, almost certainly won't. There is some
interest within the 'SrnithsoniahInstitution,
the art apparatus of which-under the title
of the Nationa1"i'`olre6tfo6 6f "ji'jne Arts-is
showing a. vitality unimaginable a couple of
years ago, but the obstacles are formidable
since representation of art abropd can hardly
be called either research or the instruction
of American citizens.
There is an excellent chance tha the
America of the Great Society w 11 be s mply
unrepresented at the major, international
exhibitions after 1965, unlgs is, , perhapps,
Roger Stevens can work out a no-cost inetYI-
od of getting art shows into-ahopping centers
and shipping .a shopping center over as a
.sample of our culture,
First Anniversary of Establishment of
United Republic of Tanzania
SPEECH
As this young nation of Tanzania
struggles to create a unified and prosper-
ous nation, we Americans may well feel
both nostalgia and admiration. A hun-
dred and seventy years ago and more,
we, too, were a small, very new nation
going through much of the same struggle
with many-of the same problems as this
young nation now celebrating its first
birthday. So today, I ask my fellow
Americans to join me in expressing our
friendship for the nation andpeoples of
Tanzania, as they pass this important
milestone In their country's history.
He'd Defoliate the Jungle EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN J. RHODES
OF ARIZONA
IN THE HOUSE OF. REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, April 27, 1965
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speak-
er, the startling resemblance which our
actions in Vietnam bear to the recom-
mendations of Senator Barry Goldwater
has been noted by more than one writer.
It is certainly fair to conjecture as to
whether or not the courses of, action
which we are now taking were contem-
plated by the strategists of the Demo-
cratic Party, even while their spokesmen
were loudly crying "warmonger" in the
late months of 1964. A "before and
after" picture of the situation is clearly
defined in the column entitled "He'd
Defoliate the Jungle" which appeared in
the Chicago Tribune of April 1965. The
article follows:
HE'D DEFOLIATE THE JUNGLE
As the Democrats never wearied of telling
us, Barry Goldwater was a dangerous man.
He would spread the fighting in Vietnam,
bomb across the 17th parallel into Commu-
nist territory, and-horror of horrors-he
even thought of defoliating the jungle. Why,
before you knew it, we might find ourselves
in a-well, In a'war.
But, as Art Buchwald has comfortingly
pointed out, we were spared all that, and
things are in the calm, competent hands of
Lyndon Baines Johnson, who would never
think of dropping a nuclear bomb on an In-
nocent little girl plucking daisies. What a
relief it is.
But somehow this fellow Goldwater must
have snuck by the Secret Service men and
got into the White House and pressed the
panic button, for here we are informed,
with every evidence of pride, that U.S. air-
men have tried to start the biggest jungle
barbecue in history.
Having first doused the whole forest with
chemicals to kill shrubbery so that the fire
would burn more swiftly, a fleet of 75 air-
craft swept back over the Boi Loi jungle
and splattered tons of petrol, jellied gaso-
line, and incendiary bombs on the woods,
starting an immense fire aimed at rooting
out the entrenched Communist forces in-
festing the forest.
l'he fire was intended to defoliate an area
50 miles square, and got off to a roaring start
which caused one happy American military
spokesman to chortle that "it was going
great." It burned steadily for 12 hours, but
then the heat of the flames. produced a
thunderstorm which doused the biggest con-
flagration since the Chicago fire. We suppose
27, 1965
that this will not discourage Dr. Strange-
water from trying again, for, as a certain
reckless politician once said, "When you re-
move the, foliage, you remove the cover.
Well, we must join Mr. Buchwald in re-
joicing that we have a man in the White
House who would never do such things.
A More Accurate Look at the Rayburn
Building
HON. WILLIAM H. AYRES
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, April 27, 1965
Mr. AYRES. Mr. Speaker, for some
time now since the Rayburn House Office
Building has been opened to the press
and public, a deluge of criticism has
been heaped upon it. The press reports
would lead one to believe that the 169
senior Representatives who sought ten-
ancy in the modern building were thor-
oughly disenchanted and straining to
get out.
A more accurate picture of the situa-
tion is reflected in an editorial which
appeared in our congressional news-
paper, Roll Call, on April 22.
The author of the article, Roll Call
editor and publisher, Sidney Yudain, is
probably one of the most astute report-
ers of the Capitol scene, having been
participating in, observing and inter-
preting congressional activities for some
15 years. The phenomenal 10-year suc-
cess of Roll Call and its acceptance by
the Congress as its "official paper" is due
in large part to its grasp of congres-
sional sentiment and feeling, often be-
yond the reach of other publications.
I believe Mr. Yudain has done a serv-
ice to the Congress and to the public in
pointing out that aside from a few
annoyances common to every new home
occupant, Congressmen are, as a whole,
well pleased with the beauty, efficiency,
and setup of their new functional offices.
I believe that Mr. Yudain also voices the
prevailing opinion of the taxpaying citi-
zens when he points out that upon visit-
ing these offices they, are consumed with
pride in the facilities provided for their
elected Representatives.
The editorial follows:
IN THEIR HEARTS
Now that the rumbling and grumbling
over the Rayburn House Office Building has
risen to a crescendo, let's take a good, honest
look into what the situation really is.
No doubt the building is expensive. No
one denies that costs mounted throughout
the construction due to unforeseen changes.
Even after construction, myriad faults were
found and corrected at additional expense.
But now the lucky 169 Congressmen and a
variety of committees have moved Into the
spacious quarters. What is the honest-to-
goodness reaction of those actually occupy-
ing the building?
Some few are discontented about some
facets of their new quarters. But in the!
hearts, they know they've never had it s(
good.
Most of the Representatives are tickle(
pink over their new quarters. Some staffer
LION. SPARK M., MATSUNAGA
OF HAWAII
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIV E,$
Monday, April 26, 1965 t
Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mrf Speaker to
day marks the'-first anniversary of the
establishment of the, United Republic of
~'anzania. On this important, day, I
want to extend my warmest congratula-
tions to that rising young African na-
tion, to its President, Mwalimu Julis- K,
Nyerere, and to the people of Tanzania.
The 26th of April is Union Day in this
African nation, rather than Independ-
ence Day, because it was on this day just
one year ago that the two new African
nations of Tanganyika and Zanzibar em-
barked.upon the enormous project of
combining their two countries into a
single nation.
Nature started Tanzania off with the
basic fundamentals with which to' build
a nation-above all, a vigorous people,
inportant values and traditions deeply
imtleddeii in their society, a variety of
mineral and ,agricultural resources?hav-
,ing important developmental potential,
and exciting touristic , possibilities.
Starting with their present endowments,
Tanzanians, like our own Nation newly
two centuries ago, have set about work-
ing out for themselves the physical,poli-
tical, and cultural foundations for a
thriving new nation.
They, and they alone, have the heavy
resp6h9ibility for deciding the, real fu-
ture of" their`inatiori-th.e kind of govgrri-
meat they want in the longer run; the
type .0! society they should develop as
they mature as an independent people in
today's world; how much they want to
keep of the old and the traditional,, how
mucky they Would like to bring in of the
new and the modern. They must deter-
mine how to get the schools, the teach-
ers, the doctors, the hospitals, and the
formidable array of other assets they
want and need.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300150019-3