Congressional Record House

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300150004-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2003
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: May 6, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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May 6, 1965 c: RRESSI NAL RECORD - HOUSE
The SPEAKER. The question is on the
engrossment and third reading of the
bill.
The bill was ordered to be engrossed
and read a third time, and was read the
third time.
The SPEAKER. The question is on
the passage of the bill.
The bill was passed.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
REMARKS
Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
who desire to do so may extent} their
remarks in the RECORD at the proper
place on the bill H.R. 5441.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Ar-
kansas?
There was no objection.
PERSONAL EXPLANATION
Mr. REDLIN. Mr. Speaker, on roll-
call, No. 92 I was absent from the floor
because of urgent business affecting my
district. Had I been present I would
have voted "aye." I have repeatedly
stated my support for President John-
son's handling of the difficult Vietnam
situation.
CORRECTION OF ROLLCALL
Mr. BROYHILL of North Carolina.
Mr. Speaker, on rollcall No. 97 I find my
name is not recorded. I was present
and voted "yea," and I ask unanimous
consent that the RECORD be corrected
accordingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from North
Carolina?
There was no objection.
THE 17TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE
STATE OF ISRAEL
(Mr. BINGHAM asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I rise to
call the attention of the House to the
fact that today is the 17th anniversary
of the independence of the State of Israel.
We all have cause to celebrate this an-
niversary of the day when a shining new
star was added to the firmament of na-
tions.
I personally feel a strong sense of sat-
isfaction at the enormous progress Israel
has made in these 17 years. I had occa-
sion to visit Israel in 1952, when the Gov-
ernment literally did not know from 1
day to the next how it was going to pay
for the next shipment to arrive in the
port of Haifa. I was there again last
summer and was thrilled to see the in-
spiring progress that has been made in
every field.
Two of Israel's primary problems, as I
know from my conversation with Prime
Minister Eshkol last summer, are na-
tional defense and water. So far as na-
No. 81-8
tional defense is concerned, Israel has
made gigantic and remarkably sucessful
efforts on her own. I trust that our
Government will stand ready to make
available to Israel such military assist-
ance as may be required so as at least to
maintain equilibruim in the Middle East.
So far as water is concerned, Israel is
taking full advantage of the available
sources of natural water. This includes
her share of the Jordan waters, withip
the limits proposed by the late Eric John-
ston in his plan, which was generally
hailed as a fair and equitable proposal
for the distribution of the Jordan waters.
Nevertheless, the time is not far off when
natural waters will not suffice to meet the
needs of the state of Israel and when it
will be imperative for her to draw upon
the limitless supply in the Mediter-
ranean. Accordingly, I am glad that we
are today cooperating with the state of
Israel in a major effort to develop eco-
nomical means to carry out this great
For the future, I look forward to the
day when, pray God, there may be peace
in the Middle East and Israel will be in
a position to play a great role in contrib-
uting to the peaceful development of the
entire area. Israel is already a bastion
of democracy in the Middle East. She
could be' also a bastion of economic and
social development for the many millions
of people inhabiting that part of the
world.
On this 17th anniversary, we can look
back on the achievements of the past
with satisfaction and look forward with
confidence to an even brighter future for
this state to which we have such a close
and rewarding ties.
SEE AMERICA FIRST
(Mr. GROSS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
. Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, President
Johnson has called upon Americans to
see America first and stop tourism to
Europe this summer in the interest of
reducing,the deficit in the international
balance of payments. To that end I note
on the news wire this morning the fact
that several hundred cadets are not go-
ing to be able to take their usual travel
cruihe around the globe this summer by
military transports in behalf of their
training. But I also note in the morn-
ing paper that "Recreation Superin-
tendent Milo F. Christiansen and Na-
tional Parks Service Director T. Sutton
Jett have left to attend a recreation con-
ference in the Mediterranean principal-
ity of Monaco, long a favorite playground
for Europe's millionaires."
Mr. Speaker, I would like to know who
is doing what to whom and why in the
matter of international travel?
IVE OF SEATO IN VIETNAM
(Mr. WOLFF asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
9345
Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I have
spoken out long and often in this Cham-
ber on the events in Vietnam. Yester-
day, by an overwhelming majority from
both sides of the aisle, the President re-
ceived the endorsement of this body for
his direction of American participation
there. I went on record myself in sup-
port of the President. At the same time
I called for continued exploration of any
and all further possibilities for settling
the Vietnam fighting.
Mr. Speaker, such a possibility exists
today. I am talking about SEATO.
At the conclusion of the SEATO Coun-
cil meeting yesterday in London, the
members of that Organization, with the
exception of France and Pakistan,
strongly endorsed the efforts of the
South Vietnamese to repel the invaders
of their homeland.
SEATO was organized for this pur-
pose. Article II reads:
In order more effectively to achieve the
objectives of this treaty, the parties, sepa-
rately and jointly, by means of continuous
and effective self-help and mutual aid will
maintain and develop their individual and
collective capacity to resist armed attack and
to prevent and counter subversive activities
directed from without against their terri-
torial integrity and political stability.
Article IV states:
Each party recognizes that aggression by
means of armed attack in the treaty area
? * * would endanger its own peace and
safety, and agrees that it will in that event
act to meet the common danger in accord-
ance with its constitutional process. If, in
the opinion of any of the parties, the invio-
lability or the integrity"of the territory or
the sovereignty or political independence of
any party is threatened in any way other
than by armed attack or is affected or threat-
ened by any fact or situation which might
endanger the peace of the area, the parties
shall consult immediately in order to agree
on the measures which should be taken for
the common defense * ? * it is understood
that no action ? * ? shall be taken except
at the invitation or with the consent of the
Government concerned.
What a golden opportunity.
Mr. Speaker, I do not believe that we
Americans should carry this burden
alone. What is needed is the assistance
and participation of other southeast Asia
nations who themselves face a future
common threat from Communist expan-
sionism. I think this body should go on
record strongly in support of efforts to
utilize SEATO in Vietnam. `
SEATO could very well be the key to
peace in southeast Asia.
WE ARE STILL IN THE RED
(Mr. ABERNETHY asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute, to revise and extend his
remarks, and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, the
executive branch of the Government an-
nounced the other day that the deficit
for fiscal 1965 would be $1 billion less
than the earlier projected $6.3 billion.
I am sure the entire Nation was gratified
to receive the good news. However, I am
equally sure that a good many thinking
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 9346
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 6, 1965
people were more concerned than grati- The truth is that the Government is spend-
fied because of the remaining $5.3 billion ing money for many things that it could well
in the red. do without. This doesn't mean that the
Mr. David Lawrence, editor of U.S. money is actually wasted, but it does mean
News & World Report, has put in the May that priority could be given to sound finance
and the Nation would not suffer.
10 edition of that highly respected publi- No administration, of course, can balance
cation an editorial entitled "Only $30 the budget at once. It must be a gradual
Billion in the Red." Here Mr. Lawrence process so that the economy can absorb the
points out the folly of continued and in- changes. But when year after year there is
creasing national debt. In the 5 fiscal no sign that a balanced budget is even in
years from July 1, 1960, the gross public sight, there is bound to be discouragement.
debt will have increased by about $30 bil Meanwhile, the Nation will have to ex-
amine carefully all the official forecasts being
lion and the annual interest on the debt, made because experience has shown that,
which cannot be put off but must be paid under both Republican and Democratic ad-
every year, is running more than $11 bil- ministrations, erroneous estimates have been
lion. - offered. This is due to some extent to an
It is not an easy thing to balance the inability to gage correctly future trends in
national budget and it has not been done business, both in this country and overseas.
many times in recent years. It is easier The Eisenhower administration in January
1958, for example to talk about it than it is to do it. Yet million for r the the fiscal year , fiscal ypredicted a ending ding June $50 30,
it can and must be done. Simple logic 1959. But, due to a downturn in business
defies the indefinite continuation of which, during the same period, developed
deficit spending. Such is bound to pro- into a real recession, receipts were $6.1 bil-
duce economic chaos No matter how lion less than anticipated. In an attempt to
We are today concerned with the roots
of poverty; of what can be done to alle-
viate the wretched conditions which of-?
flict fully one-fifth of our people.
But as Mr. Moore points out:
Until we see the connection between m!??
grancy-the corpses piled on the roadway,
the children left to the darkness of ignorance
and illiteracy, the despairing, destitute fam-
ilies groping for a way to live-and the boun-
tiful supply of fruits and. vegetables on every
corner fruitstand or in every supermarket,
no changes will come. Without this under--
standing, no war on poverty can hope to win
more than a few skirmishes.
Mr. Speaker, I believe that our col-
leagues will find this to be persuasive
commentary on one of the great social
problems of our time, and I commend it
to their thoughtful reading and consid-
eration:
SLAVES FOR RENT-THE SHAME OF AMERICAN
FARMING
(By Truman Moore)
difficult, we must summon the know-how reverse the business curve, the spending went Each year when the harvest begins, thou-
and`the self-discipline needed to balance up by $6.7 billion. So the final outcome was sands of buses haul thousands of crews to
the Federal budget and begin paying off a budget deficit of $12.4 billion. fields across America as millions of migrant
Likewise, in January 1962 the Kennedy workers hit the road. '.they ride in flatbed
the national debt. administration forecast a surplus of $500 trucks or old condemned school buses
Mr. Lawrence's editorial follows: million for the fiscal year ending June 30, patched together for just one more season.
ONLY $30 BILLION IN THE RED 1963, but the estimate proved to be wrong They go by car: Hudson bombers with en-
(By David Lawrence) by nearly $7 billion. This was because cor- gins knocking, laying a smoke screen of
President Johnson, in a somewhat opti- porate profits had been estimated at $56.5 oil; prewar Fords packed with bags, bundles,
billion and turned out to be only $48.2 bil- pots and. pans, children crying. They go in
mastic vein, the other day told the American lion. Also, taxes from individuals did not pickups made into mobile tents-a home for
people by television and radio and through come up to the figures that had been pre- the season. They ride the rods of the
the press that the deficit in the Federal dicted. Much of this was due to the uncer- friendly Southern Pacific.
budget for the fiscal year ending June 30, tainties in business occasioned by the un- They come from farms in the Black
1965, would be at least a billion dollars below settled conditions in the steel industry. The Belt, from closed mines in the mountains of
the $6.3 billion which he had estimated last final result was a budget deficit of $6.3 Kentucky and West Virginia, from wherever
January.
This is supposed to be a sign of an 1m- billion. men are desperate for work. They come by provement, if not a reversal, in the deficit It would be much better if an incumbent whatever means they can find. These are
rub-
administration would make long-range ap- the migrants-the gasoline gypsies, the rub-
spending which has now been going on year praisals and chart the budget trends for a ber tramps-crossing and recrossing America,
after
The sad truth is that in the 5 fiscal years given period of years rather than concen- scouring the countryside in a land where the beginning on July 1, 1960, the gross public trating on a single year. season never ends. There's always a harvest
debt will have increased by approximately What America needs is a comprehensive somewhere.
$30 billion. The total interest now costs program of expense cutting, along with a From Florida to Oregon the fruit tramp
more than $11 billion a year. - stimulus to business which will produce more pursues the orchards. From Texas to Michi-
Unfortunately, most persons in official life tax receipts. Such a plan cannot be confined gan the berry migrants work from field to
and also many others engaged in economic to a single year. There ought to be at least field. Two million men, women, and chil-
dialog are not disturbed by deficits total- a 5-year look ahead, with a program for a den invade every State of the Union to
log Only $30 billion in 5 years. The thesis balanced budget which would be accepted as pick fruit, to chop cotton, to scrape beans,
of the new school of economists is that deficit the reasonable reflection of a sound trend in to top oninons, to bunch carrots, to pull corn,
spending is the way to keep business good Government finance. to fill their hampers with the richest harvest
and that it doesn't matter whether the Gov- The American people would welcome an earth ever yielded to man.
ernment, year after year, is spending more end to the deficit era-a total deficit of $40.8 The circus and the college house parties
than it is taking in. billion in the last 10 years, with $30 billion leave Florida after Easter. The first week of
The official budget estimates are often mis- of this piling up in the last 6 years. The April, the major league clubs wind up their
leading. In the past 10 years, the original official figure for the public debt now is close spring training and go home to play ball.
forecasts of the budget made 18 months be. to $317 billion. It's the biggest debt that any The snowbirds start back to the cities of the
fore the end of a fiscal year amounted cumu- nation has ever faced in the history of the North with their tans. And the migrants
latively to a total of only $200 million of world. form crews and follow the sun. Sometimes
deficit. But the revised estimates, made a single bus will carry a crew; sometimes
each time a year later, added up to an ac- THE SHAME OF AMERICAN they pass in ragged convoys as the migrant
cumulated deficit of $36.9 billion. In that battalions rumble out of Florida .and up the
same 10-year period, the actual figures FARMING eastern seaboard.
showed a deficit total of $40.8 billion. (Mr. COHELAN asked and was given The invasion hits South Carolina in May,
The big fact is that the Government is permission to address the House for 1 North Carolina and Virginia by June. By
running in the red year after year. Expends- late summer they have passed through Penn-
tures are kept down in some -categories but minute, and to revise and extend his re- sylvania. into New Jersey and New York State.
go up in others. - marks.) Some go into Delaware and Maryland, others
The assumption is that, even with the Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, in a to Long Island, and a few on to Maine. By
large deficits, the United States will be able powerful article on the problems and October the upstate crops are in, and the
to pay its bills. But it can do so only with conditions confronting America's itiner- migrant tide flows back to the southern tip
depreciated currency, and the risk to the ate farmworkers, Mr. Truman Moore, of Florida.
average citizen is that prices will rise as the The workers find little to do in November.
monetary unit dwindles in value. Many writing in the May issue of the Atlantic It is after a lean Thanksgiving and a bleak
governments have had a tragic experience Monthly, has examined the price _ we Christmas that hands are needed again in
with such inflation. pay for agricultural prosperity. the fields and groves of the winter gardens.
Business conditions, of course, are re- Mr. Moore is no abstract writer. He From Texas the pattern is much the same.
garded as good today, largely as a result of spent 4 years traveling and Working With This is the home base of the largest migrant
the recent cuts in tax rates. But how long migrant farmworkers-talking with group. The exodus begins in early spring.
will this last? For wages and prices as well growers, union officials, ministers, and Storekeepers close down for the season as as State taxes are continuing their upward the little towns depopulate. Everyone who
trend. The mere size of the sales volume is social workers-and so his comments are can bend and stoop starts for the great cor-
not an indicator of a nation's ability to based on the facts and not mere flights porate farms of the north and the west.
maintain its monetary unit on a stable basis. of, fantasy. From the steaming valleys of Arizona and
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 May 6, 19 65
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9377
sist in discriminatory practices and would
make it most unprofitable for those busi-
nesses which persist in doing so.
"None of these things," charged Mr. Moer-
dler, "has been done by Mayor Wagner."
STILL STUDYING
Though the mayor's failure to act on sev-
eral "urgent" proposals on bias in the con-
struction unions dates back to 1963, when
he received a series of recommendations from
the Commission on Human Rights and his
own action panel (the mayor's office said yes-
terday he was planning a "progress" report),
yesterday's controversy is only 1 month old.
On February 9, at a press conference an-
nouncing plans for "Co-op City," the mayor
was asked what employment opportunities
would be made available for minority group
workers.
"We have been working on that problem,"
the mayor said. "Peter Brennan (president
of the Building Trades Council) is working
on that."
At this point, Mr. Brennan called out from
the rear of the room, "Tell them it's all taken
care of, Bob, that's all you have to answer."
That was all the mayor did answer and
Mr. Brennan later was unavailable to out-
line exactly how it was all taken care of.
To get an answer to this question, the
New York Young Republican Club wrote
the mayor on March 10, citing the article
from the Herald Tribune's "New York City
in Crisis" series about the press conference.
In the letter, Mr. Moerdler demanded to
know what Mr. Brennan had meant and
"what guarantees have been given to assure
that equal job opportunities will finally be-
come a reality with respect to.all construc-
tion in this city."
On March 13, Julius C. C. Edelstein, execu-
tive assistant to the mayor and his answer
man, answered Mr. Moerdler.
According to Mr. Edelstein, the mayor "liad
no recollection of the exchange" between
himself and Mr. Brennan although "he
knows that an account along the lines you
cite did appear in one of the newspapers."
"Indeed many reports are given currency
these days whose accuracy the mayor would
not care to underwrite."
Expressing the mayor's appreciation for
the Young Republicans' concern as a "sign
of the times and the year (an election year),"
Mr. Edelstein said the alleged exchange does
not reflect the mayor's attitude.
"The mayor," continued Mr. Edelstein,
"has not ceased to exert both pressure and
persuasion upon those few unions which
have resisted steps toward the equalization
of opportunity for admission into these
unions. Contrary to the implications * * *
substantial progress has been made by many
of the unions in changing longstanding
practices and rules. Of course, the progress
made could not be considered sufficient in
the light of the magnitude of the problem."
THE COUNTERATTACK
Failing to cite a single statistic or spe-
cific to document his claim of "substantial
progress," Mr. Edelstein concluded by saying,
"The question is, however, what efforts could
have been exterted, and by .whom, to have
achieved a greater result? What power does
the city government possess which, if ap-
plied, could produce this more gratifying re-
sult? Would shutting down city construc-
tion-a coercive measure which is suggested
in your letter-contribute to the desired out-
come? And by what steps?
"If such coercion is proposed as a proper
measure by the city government, should it
not also be urged upon the State government
and upon the private construction industry,
too?
"This is not to say that your letter indulges
in such over-simplification. But the mayor
thought I ought to call the possibility of it
to your attention."
It was this letter-and another by Mr.
Moerdler dated March 18-that led to the
open controversy yesterday.
Though Mr. Edelstein, the mayor, and
Peter Brennan could not be reached for com-
ment yesterday afternoon, two reporters from
the World-Telegram and Sun and a spokes-
man for the Human Rights Commission were.
The two newsmen, who also covered the
press conference at which the exchange be-
tween the mayor and Mr. Brennan was re-
ported in the Herald Tribune and denied by
the mayor, corroborated the Herald Tribune's
version.
AND STILL WAITING
A spokesman for the Human Rights Com-
mission, which asked the mayor In 1963 to
cancel contracts with construction firms
shown to have engaged in discriminatory
practices, said the commission is still waiting
for an answer-and some action-from city
hall.
Asked what Mr. Brennan meant by his
statement that the matter was being taken
care of, a spokesman for Mr. Brennan said
yesterday that the building trades unions
have been asked to send reports in to the
central office detailing exactly how many
Negroes and Puerto Ricans have entered each
union.
When would some information be avail-
able?
"I just can't say," the spokesman said. "It
will take us a while compiling the Informa-
tion."
In his letter of March 18, Mr. Moerdler told
Mr. Edelstein, "If these various reports do
not, as you suggest, 'reflect the mayor's at-
tulle on this matter,' it behooves him to
speak for himself.
"It is difficult to believe that there is, as
you suggest, a conspiracy afoot on the part
of the press to publish reports '* * * whose
accuracy the mayor would not care to under-
write.'
"Your question as to what an effective and
conscientious mayor might do finally to end
discrimination in this city is a most shocking
admission of the moral decline of this city's
government."
Mr. Moerdler concluded by saying he was
delighted that the mayor appreciates the
club's interest in the achievement of equal
opportunity.
"Through such distinguished former club
officers and members as Congressman LIND
SAY, Senator JAVITS, Governors Rockefeller'
and Dewey, Jackie Robinson and the late
Stanley M. Isaacs, to name a few, we have
tried over the years to make our contribu-
tion.
"I hope that we can finally persuade the
mayor to make his."
(Mr. MULTER (at the request of Mr.,
VIGORITO) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the,
RECORD and to include extraneous'
matter.)
[Mr. MULTER'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
THE CHOICE IN VIETNAM
VIGORITO) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. KREBS. Mr. Speaker, during re-
cent weeks much has been written on the
crucial matter of Vietnam. In my mind
few newspapers have carried as clear an
editorial as that of the Newark Evening
News of April 28, 1965, which follows. I
commend it to my colleagues and in-
terested Americans as a lucid exposition
of the grave situation facing our Govern-
ment :
THE CHOICE
President Johnson's restatement of policy
on Vietnam was incisive, directed as much
to his critics at home as to the governments
of Hanoi, Peiping, and Moscow.
Nowhere was there an intimation of re-
treat from the position enunciated at Balti-
more. The offer to hold unconditional dis-
cussions with any government, anywhere and
at any time remains open.
Nor is there any slackening of the deter-
mination to resist Communist aggression
with the most effective weapons at our com-
mand.
More cogently than any of his Cabinet
officers, the President buttressed the case for
bombing military targets In North Vietnam.
In so doing, he relied upon this single, tell-
ing contrast:
On one side, bombs surreptitiously planted
in movie houses, children's play fields and
the U.S. Embassy in Saigon. On the other,
bomb runs carried out against North Viet-
nam's bridges, radar installations and ammu-
nition dumps where few, if any, civilians
reside.
In light of this contrast, Mr. Johnson
found it hard to understand, as others also
must, how some persons can criticize the
bombing of military targets in North Vietnam
and "never open their mouth about a bomb
being placed in our Embassy in South
Vietnam."
Though he resisted the temptation, the
President might as pointedly have asked his
homefront critics what alternative they pro-
pose. Do they suggest we absorb all that is
thrown at us without striking back? Or do
they recommend withdrawal, leaving South
Vietnam and the rest of southeast Asia to go
under?
If either is their preference, they've been
singularly silent about it.
Painful as may be this country's position
in southeast Asia, it is difficult to see what
course, beyond the one he is following, is
open to the President. He has stated with-
out equivocation his readiness to negotiate.
He has made just as clear this Nation's de-
termination to meet force with superior force.
The choice rests with the enemy. And the
answer must come from Hanoi, Peiping, and
Moscow.
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of
Mr. VIGORITO) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of
Mr. VIGORITO) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
PROPOSED TAX CREDIT FOR HIGH-
ER EDUCATION EXPENSES
(Mr. MCCARTHY (at the request of
Mr. VIGORITO) was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
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9378 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, Iwish
to introduce a bill to amend the Internal
Revenue Code of 1954 to allow a tax
credit to individuals for the expenses of
providing higher education.
Under its provisions, persons paying
for higher education would receive in-
come tax credit on the first $1,500 ex-
pended for tuition, fees, books, and
supplies.
The costs of higher education are
heavy, both for colleges and for students.
In 1961-62, for example, while tuitions
were soaring and parents were groaning,
student fees provided only 42 percent of
the income of the average private in-
stitution in New York State. Congress
has long recognized the burden institu-
tions of higher education bear and the
debts that we owe them for assuming the
responsibility of educating our youth.
These institutions, for example are tax
exempt; there are numerous and gener-
ous Government programs for construc-
tion of buildings, for training of teach-
ers, for research. Needy students, too,
get assistance. The National Defense
Education Act has served over 500,000
students with loans. And under the
Economic Opportunity Act the very
needy student is offered a work-study
program to enable him to meet the costs
of his education.
These programs are good; they are
extensive; and they are indisputedly val-
uable. But just as many poor people are
too poor to benefit from existing Federal
aid programs-such as farm loans, or
small business loans, or housing loans--
many concerned parents are too rich for
their children to qualify for scholar-
ships yet not rich enough to pay school
costs without considerable sacrifice and
stress. The bill I have introduced today
would help relieve a hard pinch on these
family purses.
The average family income in the
United States in 1963 was $6,249. Col-
lege costs average $1,500 for public and
$2,70 for private institutions. My
point is clearly made: This represents a
substantial chunk of the family's income.
And a taxed chunk at that.
In addition, many, many families are
trying to educate more than one child
at the same time. Take my case as an
example. I have five children-ages 7,
5, 4, 2, and 1. I hope to see them all in
college some day. If this is possible, I
could be paying four tuitions simultan-
eously for at least 2 years. Frankly, the
prospect staggers me. Granted, this is
an extreme case. But it does illustrate
the problems that many families face in
offering their children a college educa-
tion.
Briefly, the bill provides a credit
against taxes owed for the first $1,500
expended for tuition, fees, books, and
suplies for a student in an institution of
higher education. Room and board ex-
penses are not covered by this credit.
We propose that the credit be computed
as follows: 85 percent of the first $200
expended, 30 percent of the next $300
and 10 percent of the next $1,000. A
recent New York State regents study
showed that the median tuition in
private, 4-year, nondenominational col-
legiate institutions was $1,500 for 1964-
65-just the amount that would be
exempted under this bill. The family
paying this amount in tuition would
receive a credit of $360.
The sliding scale serves as a device to
equalize the benefits afforded to students
at private and public colleges. It pro-
vides most relief for the first few hundred
dollars of tuition expenditure-and this
is welcome relief for those attending
public colleges where tuition and fees are
low compared to private colleges.
A comparison can be made for New
York State. I just noted that a family
with a student in a private college in
New York State, paying minimum costs
of $1,500 for tuition and fees would re-
ceive $360 in credit.
The public State University of New
York averages fees. and tuition of $515
to $865. The credit afforded to people
paying these fees would be $272 on the
low end and $297 on the high end of the
scale. The individual in the private col-
lege would be relieved of the burden of
24 percent of his- expenditure up
to $1,500, while the individual in the pub-
lic school would be relieved or from 34
to 53 percent of his costs-indicating
that those in public colleges benefit on a
proportionately higher scale.
The credit is available to anyone who
pays the costs for higher education-
parent, student, or other benefactor.
And a further control on its outflow is
the limitation on benefits to higher in-
come individuals. If the income of an
individual paying education expenses ex-
ceeds $25,000, his credit is reduced by
1 percent of anything over that amount.
Taxpayers in high income brackets get
no credit at all, and the taxpayer with
income of $30,000 per year receives sub-
stantially less credit than a man support-
ing his family on $15,000.
The middle- and upper-income earner,
it becomes increasingly evident, is heav-
ily hit by taxes, as is to be expected
under our progressive tax system. Just
this year, as we saw, this group of in-
come earners found themselves owing
the Government upwards of half a billion
dollars over and above what was with-
held from their salaries. An example is
a $20,000-a-year man with a wife and
two children. He found himself owing
$707.21-beyond the $2,975.79 that had
already been withheld for taxes from his
earnings. Sending one of his two chil-
dren to college would make an appreci-
able dent in his income this year.
The New York regents study estimates
that by 1970 almost 35,000 students from
the Buffalo area will be seeking higher
education-a 35-percent increase over
those who are now enrolled from that
area. Many of the families I serve are
middle-income families who would bene-
fit from this legislation. During my
campaign, I was repeatedly assured of
their support for this -measure.
The education of our youth is of es-
sential importance to the future of this
Nation. We have recognized this fact
in our heavy support of institutions of
higher education. But now is the time
for us to help out the other participants
in this complex area of higher educa-
tion-the students and the families who
make it possible for them to be students.
May 6, 1965
Scholarships and loans cannot serve ev-
eryone in need-but legislation such as
this tax-credit bill can ease the strain
for some of those who bear the full
burden of paying for a college education.
I endorse immediate action on this leg-
islation.
ISRAEL'S 17TH ANNIVERSARY
EVENT
(Mr. FASCELL (at the request of Mr.
VIGORITO) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, today we
celebrate the 17th anniversary of the
rebirth of a free Israel. For nineteen
hundred years mankind was without the
benefit. of the nation which gave to man
a new concept of God, the essence of
three great religions, and the world's
greatest Book.
There is no older section of the world
of the Near East. It is a rugged land
ravaged by time and filled with para-
doxes which give rise to both hope and
despair. Yet in this land can be found
one of the most inspiring -stories of this
or any other century: the story of the'
birth of Israel, her struggle to maintain
independence amidst hostile neighbors,
and her efforts to extend freedom to peo-
ple of all nations.
Israel is a small country but in less
than 2 decades her people have built in
their ancient homeland a strong and
dynamic modern state. Once again Is-
rael is enriching the lives of men through
efforts of worldwide significance. Her
unique and fertile culture is free once
again to blossom into ideas whose beauty
will stir the soul of the world as in the
days of the Prophets. The Palestinian
deserts bloom today through the miracle
of modern agriculture and the persever-
ance of the Israel people. The sounds of
industry echo through the Negev where
once there was only the sound of the
wind. Camels pass by modern build-
ings where scientists are unlocking the
secret of the atom and working to make
fresh water from the sea.
In these 17 short years Israel has been
born, held off her enemies, who have un-
fortunately been many, and won a firm
place among the free and progressive
nations of the world. It is certain that
the future of the new Israel will be as
long and as rich as her ancient past.
An editorial from one of Florida's fin-
est weekly newspapers, the Jewish Flor-
idian, carried an excellent editorial com-
memorating Israel's anniversary.
The editorial follows:
ISRAEL'S 17TH ANNIVERSARY EVENT
The 17th anniversary of the State of Israel
fails next Thursday, on May 6. The fifth
day'of theHebrew month of Iyar marks the
establishment of the modern Jewish republic,
which was forged out of the ashes of the
decimated Jewish community of Europe
back in 1948.
Since then, we have seen a miraculous
achievement in nation building that is al-
most unprecedented In our time. Section
C of this week's edition of the Jewish
Floridian is dedicated to this achievement.
Founded upon the tentative development
of the earlier Yishuv in Palestine, the State
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Appendix
Weirton Steel Co. Commended for Its
Program of Air and Water Pollution
Control-Senator Randolph Partici-
pates in Dedication of New Equipment
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH
OF WEST VIRGINIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 6, 1965
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, on
Friday, April 30, 1965, a remote control
switch activating a huge electrostatic
precipitator at the Weirton Steel opera-
tion of National Steel Corp. was formally
placed in service. This facility was in-
stalled to control air pollution from the
open-hearth furnaces in Weirton, W. Va.
As a member of the Senate Special Sub-
committee on Air and Water Pollution, it
was my privilege and responsibility to
participate. The switch was thrown, the
button.was pressed, then came the satis-
faction of seeing the redbrown plumes of
smoke billowing from these open-hearth
furnace stacks transformed within 2
minutes into clean air, leaving the pre-
cipitator stack.
State of West Virginia officials and
National Steel Corp. executives present
were aware that far more than a simple
action of that moment was associated
with this undertaking. Members of the
West Virginia Air Pollution. Control Com-
mission, State Agriculture Commissioner
Gus R. Douglas, and Samuel Kusic, rep-
resenting an active State air pollution
control body; Mr. C. G. Tournay, presi-
dent of Weirton Steel Co., and his staff,
representing an enlightened industrial
management; and several million dol-
lars, representing the cost of this facility;
all working together were necessary to
achieve this transformation. Let the
record reflect, Mr. President, that when
these basic ingredients are present, air
and stream pollution problems, no matter
how complex, can and are being solved
at the State and local levels of govern-
ment. These factors are effective in
West Virginia. Other State and local
officials at this significant ceremony were
State Senators Chester R. Hubbard and
William Tompos of the First District;
members of the house of delegates,
George G. Griffith and George Di Tokash
of Hancock County; and Mayor Frank A.
Rybka, of Weirton,
Prior to the ceremony, Weirton Steel
officials explained in some detail to these
guests, the full extent of their current
air and stream pollution control prog-
ress. They discussed their new "mill of
the future," under construction, consist-
ing of a 300-ton basic oxygen process, a
vacuum degassing unit and a continuous
casting installation. For the first time
in this country, these three units will
function in unison to make a superior
steel product, thus the name, "Mill of
the Future." These facilities require
large amounts of water for cooling, scale
removal and dust collection-over 50
million gallons of water per day. The
water treatment facilities planned by
Weirton Steel will fit their name for this
"Mill of the Future." They will recir-
culate 90 percent of this water through
complex filters, oil and scale basins, clar-
ifiers, and finally, polishing pressure
filters. As water is returned to the Ohio
River, it will meet the most stringent re-
quirements for water quality.
Before the basic oxygen process effluent
is released to the atmosphere, this air
will be washed in a wet scrubber and an-
other clean stack will mark the Weirton
horizon. All of this at a cost of many
millions of dollars.
The company management also dis-
cussed with us a new sulfuric acid dis-
posal facility to completely eliminate the
discharge of waste sulfuric pickling acid
to the Ohio River. This installation, on
which operating costs equal $1,000 per
day, will collect and neutralize all sul-
furic acid wastes from the Weirton Steel
plant. At the same time, there is a com-
plete remodeling of the cold rolling
tandem mills to recirculate rolling solu-
tions and install oil collection and re-
moval basins to prevent rolling oils from
entering the Ohio River. These installa-
tions represent current projects to re-
duce air and stream pollution at
Weirton. Much more has been done and
much more will be done. National Steel
officials told me during this visit, that
their current budget commitments at
Weirton Steel for control of air and
stream pollution equaled approximately
$10 million. This has been committed
by an industrial company working with
local and State officials with no involve-
ment of Federal authorities.
The Weirton Steel plant occupies a sig-
nificant place in the economic, social,
and civic life of the northern section of
our State, where it employs almost 13,-
000 persons. Leadership in many as-
pects of civic affairs is exercised by
company personnel, and it is noteworthy,
in this respect, that the former president
of Weirton Steel, the Honorable Tom
Millsop, served as a mayor of that city
and was responsible for much commu-
nity progress and a strong sense of com-
munity purpose.
If all industrial management officials
were as progressive and as civic minded
as are those of the Weirton Steel, and
if all State and local officials were as
conscious of their responsibilities in the
field of pollution control as are those now
serving in West Virginia, the Congress
would perhaps not need to act on Fed-
eral standards for air and water quality.
As legislators we must recognize that
these large expenditures for cleaning our
air and water and for the beautification
of America do not result in any financial
return to industry. On the contrary,
they result in substantial costs.
As legislators, therefore, in addition to
enacting abatement legislation based on
enforcement authority, we should create
an effective incentive for the continua-
tion, acceleration, and expansion of
abatement projects constructed at the
initiative of industry. We can do so by
supporting legislation that will give tax
recognition to amounts expended by in-
dustry to improve the quality of air and
water--our invaluable natural resources.
As I stated in my remarks at Wierton
on April 30, it is my hope that the Con-
gress will act during this session on leg-
islation which would give to industry an
accelerated writeoff of investments in
pollution abatement equipment. As a
cosponsor of S. 1670, which is now pend-
ing before the Senate Finance Commit-
tee, I believe that society as a whole
should bear some of the cost of such
equipment which is necessitated by the
increasing industrialization of our coun-
try and the growing population density.
For these reasons I shall press for early
action on the Clean Air Act as well as
legislation to bring some relief to those
companies which seek to implement the
goals of that legislation.
Disaster
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RICHARD FULTON
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 6, 1965
Mr. FULTON of Tennessee. Mr.
'Speaker, in a recent editorial of April 28,
1965, entitled "Policy Firmly Stated: Re-
treat in Asia Would Be Avenue to Dis-
aster," the Nashville Banner calls for
support of President Johnson's policy in
Vietnam.
Asserting :
President Johnson obviously has assessed
the case, and is adhering to a policy course
dictated by the realities..
The editorial adds: "There can be no
wavering on that course of duty out-
lined," by President Johnson and reiter-
ated in his news conference of April 27,
1965.
Mr. Speaker, under leave I request per-
mission to insert the editorial from the
Nashville Banner in the REcoso and com-
A2207
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 6, 19 65 Activit
A2208
nter mend it to the consideration of my col- was published on April 30, in the Phil- c nt ocersyies has at the.Ceit is of
leagues: adelphia Evening Bulletin.
DISASTER AsiA was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, made ford its investigation of the Ku Klux
POLICY WOULD BE AVENUE ToETREAT
not my purpose today either to
President Johnson firmly restated yester- as follows: Klan.
day the U.S. policy in Vietnams its purpose [From the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, It raise is or otiticize the oommittye. Among
clearly defined, and underlined with the note! Apr. 30, 19651 p its membcrsare friends fm whom I have
of courage that forbids retreat. It was not HEADING OFF CASTROISM
a provocative discussion, but explanatory for since that fateful day 3 years and 11 the highest regard, and in any case I
world, element , ncdi on tthis , or he sipla anon. hat co the months ago, when Dictator Rafael Trujillo could not begin to match the words al-
an be 1;110 explanation. stepped from his car at an intersection and ready expressed by others, either in ap-
ty can no watering lu that course was gunned down by assassins, ending 30 proving or disapproving specific actions
Thee
of duty outlined. With evaluation of the years of absolute power, the Dominican Re- or the overall conduct of the committee.
crisis President at?definitive as it was perceptive, - Public has wobbled precariously between a Nonetheless, I have been asked by con-
the wool warned gthat reater threats, by ltr leftist Castroite takeover and a rightwing stitutents having strong feelings about
mate er all-out bring greeter , and ground coup by the fallen Trujillo's heirs. the committee and its work to insert in
ap-
in rfth costs solid eve y Soon after his death, as President i Bala-
n reminding nce o that-from the ff retreat in the guer struggled to satisfy demands for reform, the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an article ap-
instace of trom Munch to the the United States deployed a dozen warships pearing in the April 16, 1965, issue of
present. Ciudad-Trujillo and sent Marine fighter Commonweal, the respected journal of
solicited sia. Its planes skimming along the coast to help Catholic thought. Entitled "Gambling
Amerca is not do aggressor
South inIsion there, eby Beer persuade Trujillo's brothers it on House Un-American Activities Com-
Vietnam , is for free world security, would be a mistake for them to pick up his mittee," the article questions the merits
co which national policy and its alliances are mantle. It worked. Soon Ciudad Trujillo of the forthcoming Ku Klux Klan in-
com matted. The increasing responsibility was renamed Santo Domingo.
vastieation. I am sure it will be of in-
ass
to
nism's military threat-raised by Den,n lV- f- one democratic election. But the winner, _-
Vietnam and Red China, their combined pur- moderate and weak President Juan Bosch, Mr. Speaker, without objection, the
pose the conquest of all Asia. lasted only 'T months before some of the article follows:
Halfhearted or fainthearted measures will f
military got fed up with his tolerance for GAMBLING ON THE HOUSE UN-AMERICAN
not stem that murderous tcan Once abat- the left and booted him out. The rest of the ACTIVITIES COMMITTEE has tie been joined, there can be no tariff time, one or another junta, council, or The favorite reading material of the
tute e for eict ory. strongman has kept things rocking along in Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, if we accept
President Johnson obviously has assessed this forlorn land, where two-thirds of the g
people are illiterate, and life is sustained by the example of Imperial Wizard Robert Shel-
tie case, and is adhering to a policy answered course ton, are the reports on subversion in the
dictated by the realities. has sugar exports its and American aid. country issued periodically by the House Uh-
ent, as others-have the critics who-in octhis the engage- Fidel Castro, sniffing opportunity near his
doorstep, has helped to keep the pot boiling American Activities Committee. That the
went, ll r have advocated the panic Klan should now be the sof an in-
committee may
ane p ouldt course, and whose policy con- through the Communist 14th of June move- Klan should by the se1the subject
cept would make every sacrifice to date a tent. On Tuesday, as a fumbling army vestigation Sacrifice in Vain. coup aimed at restoring Bosch faltered half- be temporarily gratifying, then, if only for
'There"are those, on the other hand, who c,a to power, the Fidelistas moved in, armed the irony. But in light of the House ifn-
have assessed the murderous realities of the ?the people " and military revolt became American Activities Committee's history, the
Commut believed eem it is; general chaos. An air force general, a stanch reckless charges, misuse of power, arrogant
and have belied for years that at there there would anti-Communist, Wessin y Wessin, rallied disregard of individual rights-all of which
be no peace, security, nor guarantees of the the country's best armed forces but could in this country have become synonymous
preservation of freedom, until communism not immediately retake the capital. With with its initials-it seems the height of ga:m-
hashateatever clo the cthe codourse se we pursue somebody. in meeting American lives in danger, the President sent bler's folly to expect that anything worth-
that and airborne troops to rescue them while will come of it.
Wh
that threat to the free world and to the and protect U.S. property. The White House stated its preference for
United States as our prime ill be ininit it The wheel has come full circle. In 1961, the House Un-American Activities Commit-
more expensive, cheap. But it will u infinitely we showed the flag to chase away the Trujillo tee, over the responsible House Judiciary
more e5 permitted blooand sbsta ggre6 tribe. Now, according to Congressmen Committee, on the ground that the former is
the enemy is t unll continue egg briefed at the White House, our forces are above suspicion of leftist tendencies, even in
elan The and P conquest unchallenged, ign there, at least in part, to try to head off the the South, and that a condemnation of
the tm Castroites, should they look like coming out Klan coming from it will carry just
Tonside engaged s nt rhetorical
definitions i tio"s That wi avoiding references to the term on top of the shapeless insurrection. much more weight. However, to qualify as
not. Tprecipitated the reality, b the ne, or Any such intent must be officially denied, free of the Communist rot that supposedly
and It is a war pby the enemy, of course, for the Charter of the Organza- is infecting the country, at least in the minds
and must be Johnson h. tion of American States rules out any armed of white southerners, is merely to the
t and the yesterday intervention by one state In the affairs of measures of one's removal from reality.
Mr. ss chas stated clearly
Hess to discuss a settlement, shyesterday another under any grounds whatever. Wise- is precisely why the House Un-American Ac-
reiterated it. Nevertheless, with equal clay- 1 the United States lost no time in conven- tivities Committee is untrustworthy for the
ity he spelled out the course that will be ing the OAS, and it now appears that the serious task of investigation that the Klan's
pursued if the enemy persists in the cam- OAS will assume the leadership in seeking a activities in the South demand.
coign of murderous aggression. cease fire. It should also sponsor whatever The House Un-American Activities Com-
It Was time to junk the no-win policy military or other action is needed to restore mittee has ignored extreme rightist and racist
which het encumbered the security opera- order. groups in this country for decades, even when
flan since World War IT. Our intervention, of course, gives comma- some of them, the Klan for example, have
America wants peace-but peace at any nism everywhere something new to de- been listed by the Attorney General's Office
price is the avenue to disaster and to free pounce, and it risks protracted involvement as subversive. Its obsession with ferret-
world annihilation. of our forces in the Dominican Republic. ing out Communists has led it into actions
But another Communist state in the Carib- that have brought discredit not only on it,
beati cannot be tolerated, and the Presi- but to some degree on the whole investiga-
dent's action meets this threat head on. tive function of Congress. To set it on the
ill of somehow suddenly
n
Heading Off Castroism
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ALBERT GORE
of TENNESSEE
THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 6, 1965
Mr. GORE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the Appendix of the RECoRD an editorial
entitled "Heading Off Castroism," which
to
Investigating the Ku Klux Klan
Klan trail now w
transform it into a model agency f govern-
merit. Instead, it sets a poor- P recedent by
h the competence of official investigative
whic
agencies is determined by their political
EXTENSION OF REMARKS color. if the whole idea is simply to match
of prejudices, then the exercise of congres-
HON..MORRIS K. UDALL sional authority may soon become accepted
in theory, as it occasionally is in practice, as
OF ARIZONA arbitrary.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This is particularly foolhardy in the pres-
ent instance, for in investigating the Klan,
Thursday, the whole civil rights movement in the South
ri-
Mr. UDALL. Mr. Speaker, as we all. will necessarily ca.coese under tethe e'sRousecUu-
know the House Committee on Un-Amer-
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94$4 CONGRESSIONAL:RECORD SENATE May -6, 1965
obtained from the Science. Information. Vxnm LrASie V-T To Brass TAx Raruwas rod
Exchange a eatabg of all federally sup- . . ViarwaM 6aat"
potted wafer resources Iessareh projects The 0ovsrnnwnt has set Owpp a plan to speed
underway.: Said pubilabsd the oatblpg In Income tax refunds to mllitery penes"
a well-clasdfle4 and 'Indexed; 460-OW who asriea In Vietnam durtal ages.,
17tOttsards of servicemen tam on
"W AtterugWrtt if ,Wit w01+p, t0
twr ` 3iiite l lil9ftls got vwn s-atlo+aal,interests agatptlt a
daft., In;gragation, acid as the 'cat slog Is re- erattotl?of .Cgstralsm in. ow CsrJbfitisw.
. issued .from ~ to_tr.ar, ihe~twoumu- 14.Itt!IgiFtag,inde~d tbl?.ss~IlgSNble
mss to auusar.. no00 of :1*::Qan dotibe..ibM Ihpre Was
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