CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 23
• Publication Date: September 7, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

`A5032
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX September 7, 1965
represents more than 20 percent of the total
vote cast in Alabama in the presidential
election of 1960. Research to which I have
had access and the facts I presented to the
Members of the House show that the vast
majority of qualified Negroes in Alabama are
registered. Those who are not registered,
for the most part, are ineligible because of
convictions of felonies or by reason of illit-
eracy. To abolish literacy tests and to give
the franchise to those who cannot read or
write or comprehend, is to turn the govern-
ment over to those who are .not capable of
governing. We have seen the result of this
in countries where illiterates do have the
vote and where there is constant turmoil
and revolution.
COMMUNIST INFLUENCES AT WORK
During the past week I have made a num-
ber of statements in Congress and in the
RECORD pointing out the Communist influ-
ences at work among the leadership of the
demonstrations. Even such liberal writers
as Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, In their
column in the Washington Post, pointed out
the leftwing influence of the leaders of the
Selma demonstrations on Martin Luther King
and in fomenting the violence which has
occurred there. The President, himself, ad-
mitted to me, that, Communists were active
in the demonstrations, but' said you cannot
keep them out.
Maybe they cannot be kept out, but that
is all the more reason why the President and
Congress should not knuckle under to the
mob rule they created.
BRIEFS OF THE WEEK
By a vote of 203 to 177 the House defeated
a bill which would raise the salaries of Su-
preme Court Justices. I was proud to vote
against it. One of the tragic parts of the
President's appearance before Congress was
to see the Justices of the Supreme Court
applauding his demands for legislation.
This Is supposed to be an impartial body
which must judge the constitutionality of
legislation on its merits, but evidently they
have already prejudged this bill.
Our current Government under the John-
son administration has been labeled the
"Great Busted Society" by the nationally
read columnist, Jenkin Lloyd Jones. Jones
says the national debt is ignored, controlled
inflation is called necessary, and the fact
that every nation which has so ignored eco-
nomic laws has gone busted is ignored.
The last balanced budget was in the final
fiscal year of the Eisenhower administration
which produced a surplus of $1.2 billion.
Since then we nave had deficits of $3.8 bil-
lion, $6.3 billio , $6.2 billion, and $8.2 billion.
Manpower Development and Training Act
. ? Helps Minneapolis Young People
HON. DONALD M. FRASER
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, September 3, 1965
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, a major
legislative achievement of the Kennedy
administration was the Manpower De-
velopment and Training Act of 1962,
now renamed the Manpower Act. I
would like to to call the attention of the
House to one example of the effective
implementation of the Manpower Devel-
opment and Training Act in my home
city of Minneapolis.
The following article from the North
Minneapolis Post described the success
of a program involving 10 Minneapolis
young people, the Minneapolis youth de-
velopment project, the Wells Memorial
Settlement House, the American Bindery
Co., and the Bureau of Apprenticeship
Training of the Department of Labor:
BOOKBINDERS JOIN ON-THE-JOB PROGRAM
Mr. and Mrs. Saul Rusoff are the propri-
etors of the American Bindery Co., 310 Plym-
outh Avenue North, Their business is to
rebind books.
The Rusoffs early this year met with the
Youth Development Project staff to ascertain
how they as employers could cooperate with
the Government in employing and training
disadvantaged youth.
The YDP through its youth employment
coordinator, Edgar Pillow, contacted the bu-
reau of apprenticeship training, D. W.Holen,
and together with Bruce McBeath, youth
program director at Wells Memorial Settle-
ment House, 1120 Oliver Avenue North, de-
veloped an on-the-job training and counsel-
use an ordinary ruler to obtain simple mathe-
matical calibrations needed for the operation
of the machine. There are other examples
that could be cited where frustration and
fear of failure on the part of the youth have
changed to confidence and productivity.
As the 5 week on-the-job training pro-
gram is about to terminate, some of the
achievements that can be cited are that 9
of the 10 youths that were employed by the
Rusoffs are still with them; that three of the
dropouts have indicated to the proprietor
they intend to return to school this Septem-
ber and have asked and received the promise
of 10 hours employment weekly while go-
ing to school; all of the youths who coan-
plete the program will receive a personal let-
ter of recommendation as to their achieve-
ment from the proprietor; and finally the
youth themselves ecause of this responsible
and successful wornd training experience
have somethVg' nbar table toNffer,to their
ing program for 10 disadvantaged youth, ages
18 to 21.
Under this program, the employer pays the arty
d
wages of the 10 youths and then the Fe
-
eral Government reimburses the employer
for the costs of supervision and instruction
on the job. This relieves an employer of the
sometimes additional expenses incurred in
training beginning employees. The program
is helpful to employers with moderate size
firms who cannot afford to institute training
programs of their own, and it is especially
helpful in providing employment and train-
ing opportunities for unskilled youth with
potential.
In proportion to the industry that is pres-
ent in Minneapolis, there have been very few
on-the-job training programs instituted for
youth, and particularly for disadvantaged
youth. Past experience has indicated that
on-the-job training when conducted by an
employer or an industry far surpasses other
means of training. The youth becomes
acquainted with actual work experience and
current skill training, in addition to learn-
ing the attitudes that an employer expects
of an employee on the job.
The Rusoffs also hire many college youth
during the summer enabling them to con-
tinue to finance their education. The Rus-
off's hiring of disadvantaged youth is not a
new experience for them. They have been
doing it for several years out of a sense of
social responsibility to help all youth. This
is the first year the Rusoffs have received
any financial assistance to help them In their
work with disadvantaged youth.
The 10 youths that participated in the on-
the-job training program at the American
Bindery Co. were a composite group. Some
were high school graduates, some wer0 drop-
outs; some, were males and some were females.
The most common characteristics possessed
by the youths were their lack of skills and
previous successful work experiences. A
genuine wish and need that all of them had
was for a job.
Because of the lack of previous successes in
their lives many of the youth were somewhat
defensive and tense when the program began.
In recognition of this probability, Wells Me-
morial Settlement House under their "Proj-
ect Employment" program provided ongoing
counseling to the youth in combination with
the employer.
The Rusoffs, because of their experience in
employing and working with youth of vary-
ing abilities and attitudes, were especially
helpful in teaching skills and providing the
realistic vocational counseling that can only
take place on an actual job.
An indicative example: One of the youths,
long unemployed and with a 9th grade edu-
cation, was afraid to begin training on the
machinery at the bindery. The proprietor
gradually worked the youth over to a less
advanced machine and taught him how to
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HAROLD D. COOLEY
OF NORTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 7, 1965
Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Ra-
leigh (N.C.) News and Observer is more
than a newspaper: it is a fine old insti-
tution.
That newspaper's statesmanlike voice
and its refreshing frankness were raised
recently in comment on the attempt by
some Republican Members of this body
to place the responsibility for the war in
Vietnam upon the Democratic Party and
the Johnson administration.
This was the comment of the News
and Observer: "The attempt is ridiculous
on its face."
Mr. Speaker, I deplore this action by
the House Republicans and I offer this
excellent editorial, "More of the Same,"
for entry in the RECORD.
The editorial, which appeared August
26, follows:
MORE OF THE SAME
The attempt by House Republicans in the
Congress to blame the war in Vietnam on the
Democratic Party is ridiculous on its face.
And it is surely made more ridiculous be-
cause the same Republicans are pressing for
an expansion of the same war.
Republicans have long been fond of argu-
ing that every major star which this country
has fought in the last 75 years was initiated
and fought when Democrats occupied the
White House. This latest move to pin, a
partisan label on war seems hardly more
than more of the same.
If any kind of generalization can be made
about the differences between the two politi-
cal parties when faced with a military crisis,
it is that Republicans nearly always insist
on a more militant, hard line posture. The
reason they do is because such "toughness"
is thought consistent with a whole cluster
of conservative notions.
Barry Goldwater indulged this idea more
than any other respected political figure in
recent years. During the last presidential
campaign he was joking-but speaking a
"truth" his audience understood, nonethe-
less-when he said he would like to lob a
couple of nuclear bombs into the men's room
of the Kremlin.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023=9
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
September 7, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
California to New England were heard
to comment with amazement, "and they
won't take a penny." Class funds, as
well as donations from local merchants,
provided the supplies.
The generosity of the seniors from the
Conneaut High School and their concern
for their fellowman speaks highly of the
fine people who live in the city of Con-
neaut. Conneaut is known as the gate-
way to the State of Ohio due to its
strategic location in the northeastern
corner of our State and with such
thoughtful and industrious teenagers the
future of Conneaut is indeed a bright one.
Mr. Speaker, I felt I must point out
to my colleagues this action by a group
of teenagers. It is time we pay them the
(compliment of recognizing their out-
standing and valuable services to their
community instead of downgrading them
as a group for the careless and irrespon-
sible action of 'a few.
I am proud that Conneaut, Ohio, is in
the 11th Congressional District.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. CLARENCE D. LONG
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 7, 1965
Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker,
there are few people who are so close to
the heartbeat of the people as welfare
directors. A thousand problems are
-brought to them every day. Calmly, effi-
ciently, quietly, these directors chart
new courses for people in difficulty, al-
leviate pain, provide housing for those in
need, care for children, ease the lasi days
of the elderly.
I feel honored to pay tribute to the
Nation's county welfare officers in in-
cluding the following story from the
Havre de Grace Record in the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD. It is a well-merited
tribute to Miss Henrietta Mace who has
been the Director of Public Welfare for
Harford County, Md., for the past
19 years. Along with every citizen of
Harford County and of the State of
Maryland, I wish her golden years to
come.
The article follows:
[From the Havrede Grace Record]
MISS HENRIETTA MACE
Miss Henrietta Frazier Mace, director, Har-
ford County Welfare Board, has announced
that she will resign August 31, 1965. To-
night, she will be honored at a dinner at-
tended by friends and associates of Harford
County and the State of Maryland.
Miss Mace became director 'of Harford
County Welfare Board in 1946 and has wit-
nessed many changes in social thought and
practice during her 19 years in Harford.
County. She started her social work career
when she worked in the outpatient clinic
at Delaware Hospital in Wilmington, Del.
In the late 1920's, she. returned to Baltimore
County, where she did voluntary social work.
She began working as a caseworker for
Baltimore County Welfare Department on.
March 1, 1934. Later she was on the staff
of Department of Public Welfare, Baltimore
City.
Miss Mace was graduated from the Friends
School in Wilmington. She studied at Johns
Hopkins University and graduated from Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania School of Social Work
in 1945, Miss Mace is an active member of
the National Association of Social Workers
and is an accredited certified social worker.
She is also a member of the International
Association of Social Workers and the Sorop-
timist Club of Bel Air.
PET PROJECT
One of Miss Mace's many pet projects is
the welfare department's children's serv-
ices, which started at the beginning of her
administration. At that time there were less
than two dozen children in care. In July
1965, there were 165 children in this program.
During this time the adoption program was
started and each year there has been an in-
creasing number of children permanently
placed for adoption.
Efficiency and minimum cost of operation
can be noted during Miss Mace's adminis-
tration. Harford County continues to hold
the-middle position of the 24 Maryland coun-
ties in their net expenditures for public
assistance and administration. Although
population in Harford County has more than
doubled during Miss Mace's administration,
the net cost of the welfare program has
shown substantially less increase, compared
to other counties with expanding population.
When Miss Mace became director, the total
number of persons receiving assistance was
316 for an average month. Those adminis-
tering the program were' the director, four
caseworkers, and two clerks. The number of
caseworkers increased to 11, with Miss Mace
as both director and supervisor, until 1961,
when a supervisor was added to the staff. In
an average month during 1965, the caseload
has been approximately 601 cases (old-age
assistance, aid to families of dependent chil-
dren, aid to permanently and totally dis-
abled, and general public assistance).
In addition, 509 persons receive medical
assistance to the aged. There are over 903
children being supervised under foster care
and aid to families with dependent children
by the Harford welfare during a typical
month. The present staff includes the di-
rector, 3 supervisors, 16 caseworkers, and 7
clerical staff.
SERVED ON MANY BOARDS
In addition to numerous agency responsi-
bilities, Miss Mace has served on many local
boards. She helped start the school for the
retarded. Also, she served on a? committee
of three persons to initiate the Harford
County Council of, Social Agencies. Re-
cently, she worked with legislators to estab-
lish the Citizens Nursing Home, which is
under construction here. Miss Mace has also
served on the following boards: TB, Mental
Health Society, economic opportunity pro-
gram, including the Community Action Pro-
gram, civil defense, and Committee for Aged
For the past 5 years, she has served on a
board which sets up regional meetings in
Hanford and Cecil Counties for social work-
ers and has been an active member of the
Maryland State Conference of Social Work
Board.
MUCH TRAVELED
One of Miss Mace's special interests is
traveling. She has used annual leave to
visit in South America, Mexico, Caribbean,
and Bermuda, as well as numerous trips
through the Eastern States. After retire-
ment, she plans to continue these trips and
would like to go to Europe, Hawaii, Alaska,
and distant States in the United States.
Miss Mace also plans to pursue her hobbies
in copper, pewter, and silverwork and ce-
ramic design, and she might get time to
catch up on some of the books she has been
saving for this time.
Washington Report
A5031
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or,
HON. JAMES D. MARTIN
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 7, 1965
Mr. MARTIN of Alabama. Mr.
Speaker, under permission to extend my
remarks in the RECORD I include my
Washington Report, my weekly newslet-
ter to my constituents, of March 25,
1965:
WASHINGTON REPORT
(By Congressman JIM MARTIN, Seventh
District, Alabama)
THE ASSAULT UPON THE SOUTH
The massive assault upon the South, and in
particular upon Alabama, was continued in
Congress last week. It began with the Mon-
day night address by the President to a joint
session of Congress. Never before has a Chief
Executive of the United States made such a
concerted attack upon a sovereign State, its
elected officials, and its people. The whole
effort was designed to get enactment of the
President's voting rights bill.
The President's demand that Congress pass
his bill at once and without changing a line,
was clearly out of order. Under the Con-
stitution the Congress is the legislative body.
The President is to administer the laws of
the land and the functions of Government.
He cannot demand or force Congress to pass
certain bills and he has no right, under the
Constitution, to demand that Congress take
bills prepared by him without adequate study
and debate.
If Congress is stampeded into passing
legislation because the President is subject
to pressure by street mobs, we will have taken
a long step toward dictatorship.
The President's voting rights bill, H.R.
6400, is wrong. It is unconstitutional. It
is not a bill to insure the rights of all citizens
to vote. It is directed against six Southern
States. Under the President's bill, these
Southern States may not deny the right to
vote to illiterates, felons or anyone for any
reason, but other States may. This startling
admission was made by Attorney General
Katzenbach in the first day's hearings before
the House Judiciary Committee. Hearings,
incidentally, which were started before Mem-
bers of Congress could even get a copy of the
bill.
To legislate in such an atmosphere of
hysteria is irresponsible and without prece-
dent. I am opposed to the Preisdent's bill.
I have been working on a countermeasure
with leaders of both the Republican and
Democratic Parties. My suggested bill
would remove any existing injustices in the
application of voting laws, but it would pro-
tect the rights of the States to exercise their
constitutional authority to determine voter
qualifications.
ALABAMA DELEGATION DEFENDS OUR STATE
On Wednesday the entire Alabama delega-
tion in the House took the floor in defense
of our State and our people to answer some
of the charges made by the President. I was
more proud than ever on that day to be an
Alabamian and a southerner.
In my own remarks I made an effort to
present facts on voter registration of Negroes
in Alabama to refute the President's televised
statement that "the only way to break the
barriers in the South is to have a white skin."
Even the Washington Evening Star in a
strong editorial pointed out that that state-
ment by the President "was not a fact."
The fact is that 115,000 Negroes are reg-,
istered and voting in Alabama. This figure
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
September 7, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Of course, most Republicans do not want
this country in a war. But many do believe
that as an instrument of foreign policy, our
bombs and rockets should be rattled more
loudly. And If Communists don't show
proper respect for our military might, we
should more quickly demonstrate it.
Presumably this is why, congressional
Republicans are pressing f(Zr a greater 'mil-
itary commitment in Vietnam. Even with-
out questioning their oversimplified judg-
ment on that point, it should be obvious that
the Vietnam war is not a "Democratic Party
war."
Mr. Speaker, the New York Post,, also
on August ;;6, discussed this matter
lucidly and forcefully in an editorial en-
titled, "The GOP Hunts for an Issue."
I offer this brief but interesting editorial
for the RECORD, and I hope that my col-
leagues of both parties will find it en-
lightening.
[From the New York Post, Aug. 26, 19651
THE GOP HUNTS FOR AN ISSUE
The white paper on Vietnam issued by
House Republicans without the blessings of
either General Eisenhower or Senator Dlaxc-
sEN is a sad little performance.
There is no passion evident in it either
,for peace or war-only for partisanship.
Can anyone, after reading the white paper,
say clearly what its authors are after in
Vietnam, except to score a few political
points?
Our military involvement in Vietnam, they
say plaintively, is not a consequence of Presi-
dent Eisenhower's commitment. Does that
mean they are against it? Hardly, since
they also call for total victory, although
they are not willing to demand a military
escalation commensurate with such, an ob-
jective.
The document is a jumble of shreds and
patches whose political purpose is clear.
The authors are trying to revive the
formula that served the GOP so well in 1952
when it simultaneously denounced the Demo-
crats for "Truman's war" and for failing to
stand up to the Communists.
Dream on, fellows, if you think this is a
winning issue in 1966.
Bridging With a Flair
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. CLARENCE D. LONG
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 7, 1965
Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speak-
er, I was delighted to read the percep-
tive editorial of the Baltimore Sun on
President Johnson's appointment of
John Gronouski as Ambassador to
Poland. Mr. Gronouski has had a dis-
tinguished career as a public servant.
His present assignment is one which re-
quires the abilities which he possesses
and makes felicitc,us use of his Polish
origins. It is my pleasure to include this
editorial from the Sun of August 31, 1965
in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
[From the Baltimore Sun,. Aug. 31, 1965]
BRIDGING WITH A FLAIR
President Lyndon Johnson has raised the
ratio of career ambassadors to political ones
from 2 to 1 to.3 to 1 in the past 2 years.
This has been good for State Department
morale and good for the Nation's interests
overseas. It has also tended to overshadow
the care and imagination the President has
used in selecting noncareerists.
On Sunday the President named Post-
master General John Gronouski to be Am-
bassador to Poland, an appointment that is
an excellent example of imagination and
care.
Mr. Gronouski is a highly esteemed public
servant. He has,been adequate in his present
job, one in which "adequate" is an adjective
of high praise. He has been a teacher of
economics and banking and the tax com-
missioner in his native Wisconsin, earning
praise and respect. This record and his in-
terest in international finance are recom-
mendations enough for his new job. But
there is more.
He is the grandson of a Polish immigrant,
a director of the Pulaski Foundation, a
speaker of the language.
Last year the President promised to build
bridges to eastern Europe. To be precise,
what is needed is bridge rebuilding, certainly
in the case of Poland. As the President said
Sunday, part of Mr. Gronouski's job is to
strengthen the "deep and historic bond" be-
tween the two countries.
The choice of a Polish-American whose rose
to the top in this country as a public servant
is bridge rebuilding with a flair.
Federalist Meeting in San Francisco Calls
for Stronger United Nations
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DONALD M. FRASER
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, September 3, 1965
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, at the
time of the U.N. General Assembly meet-
ing in San Francisco last June, the World
Association of World Federalists also
met in that city. The 1,000 delegates
from 31 countries discussed vital steps
needed for strengthening the United
Nations.
I have unanimous consent to insert in
the RECORD an excellent report, from the
August 11 issue of Christian Century,
written by Howard Y. Williams, field di-
rector for the United World. Federalists,
Minnesota branch:
WORLD FEDERALISTS VIEW THE U.N.
More than 1,000 delegates from 31 coun-
tries came to San Francisco June 20-26 (the
week of the United Nations' 20th anniver-
sary celebration) to attend the 12th Congress
of the World Association of World Federal-
ists-held concurrently with the 10th
Assembly of United World Federalists, which
implements the world movement in the
United States. Japan, with 100 representa-
tives, had the largest delegation from
abroad.
Among the world leaders who participated
in the sessions were two ambassadors to the
United Nations: Chief S. 0 Adebo, of Nigeria,
and H. E. Rossides, of Cyprus; President Car-
los P. Romulo, of the University of the Philip-
pines, a former president of the U.N. General
Assembly; Luis Quintanilla, who formerly
represented Mexico in that Assembly; Sir
Muhammad Zafrulla Khan, of Pakistan, a
member of the International Court of Jus-
tice; and Hideki Yukawa, of Japan, a Nobel
prize winner (in physics).
Discussion centered on three major free-
doms all agreed must be achieved through
the U.N. in the next 20 years: freedom from
war, freedom from want, and freedom from
diversity. Consensus was reached on the fol-
lowing goals that must be achieved if
those freedoms are to be realized; com-
plete and enforced disarmament in all
nations through carefully controlled stages,
A5033
a permanent U.N. peace force and an
effective ? inspection system, revision of the
General Assembly so it will have power to
adopt binding rules and regulations, revision
of the Security Council to change its voting
system and make it responsible to the Gen-
eral Assembly, strengthening of the Interna-
tional Court of Justice, initiation of a world
development program' involving the spend-
ing of $70 billion annually instead of the
present $8 billion, adoption of a reliable and
adequate revenue system to support a
strengthened U.N., clear reservation to the
member states and their people of all powers
not granted to the U.N., extension to all na-
tions of. eligibility for membership in the
U.N.
Since most of these changes would require
revision of the U.N. Charter, the delegates
declared that a conference for revision of
that document must be called at the earliest
possible date. They agreed that unless the
outmoded charter is altered to give the world
body the power it needs to deal with the
modern world, a third world war is inevitable.
Speaker after speaker held that if the aims
of peace are to be realized there must be a
revolution in men's minds, a higher standard
for human relationships. Said Chief Adebo,
"The old slogan, 'If you want peace, you must
prepare for war,' is nonsense. We must de-
clare, 'If you want peace you must prepare
for peace."' On all sides one heard the
assertion that today it takes more than
courage to fight for peace than to fight in
war.
Delegates recorded their conviction that
the door to peace is now open as never be-
fore, that nothing less than enforceable
world law can succeed, that only a strength-
ed U.N. can keep the human race from com-
mitting suicide. Luis Quintanilla suggested
that the atom bomb deserves the Nobel peace
prize for having spurred mankind's efforts
toward realization of a warless world.
President Robert Buron of the Organiza-
tion for Economic Cooperation and Develop-
ment's center in Paris stressed the need to
mobilize youth for peace, pointing out that
young people's response to the Peace Corps
demonstrates their readiness to go anywhere
in' the world where help is needed.
The delegates were obviously disappointed
in President Lyndon Johnson's address at the
U.N. anniversary program late in the week;
they had hoped to hear a more dramatic ap-
peal for measures to achieve peace. Senator
JosEPH S. CLARK, of Pennsylvania, however,
reminded participants in the Congress that
President Johnson't speech did contain some
constructive elements: an invitation to the
U.N. to move into the Vietnam situation;
support for a U.N. peacekeeping force; an ap-
peal for arms control; stress on the need for
a worldwide war on poverty, disease, and il-
literacy; the declaration that $5 spent on
birth control is worth more than $100 spent
on economic development; and a call to give
reality to the U.N. Charter.
Norman Cousins, editor of the Saturday
Review, was elected president of the world
body, whose next congress will be held in
Oslo, Norway, in 1967. C. Maxwell Stanley,
a businessman from Muscatine, Iowa, was
elected to a second term as president of
United World Federalists.
HOWARD Y. WILLIAMS.
A Vacation for Congress
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 7, 1965
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker we have
just reached the first week in September.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
 A5034
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX September 7, 1965
It has been a long time since we ad-
journed prior to this time of year. This
year is obviously no different.
The following editorial, broadcast over
the McLendon Corp. radio stations in
Dallas, Houston, San Antonio, San Fran-
cisco, Chicago, and Buffalo on August 25,
1965, suggests a reasonable and rational
solution to Washington's heat:
VACATION FOR CONGRESS
(An editorial by the Old Scotchman, Gor-
don McLendon, president of the McLendon
stations.)
'We must agree wholeheartedly with those
who propose a set annual vacation for Con-
gress. Many national regulatory agencies,
including the Federal Communications Com-
mission, regularly adjourn for 1 month dur-
ing the summer.
Congress should also adjourn from August
1 until after Labor Day-a period during
which Washington's heat is at its worst.
Congressional work is taxing and demands
the most alert minds. Yet, after months in
session, an overtired Congress which is beset
by Washington's stifling summer heat post-
pones legislation demanding real thought.
Congress Is a year-round job now. Mem-
bers of Congress must, in the best interest of
this Nation, have a vacation preferably in
the worst summer months in Washington,
and at a time when school is out and they
can take their families on vacation. Such a
vacation period for Congress from August 1
until after Labor Day is only good sense.
After Watts, What?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN BRADEMAS
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 25, 1965
Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, un-
der unanimous consent I insert in the
RECORD a most thoughtful editorial from
the August 27, 1965, issue of the South
Bend, Ind., Tribune concerning the
tragedy in Watts, Calif.
The editorial follows:
(From the South Bend (Ind.)
Aug. 27, 1965]
AFTER WATTS, WHAT?
In the Watts section of the city of Los
Angeles, the guns are silent, the ashes are
cold, the troops are gone from the streets.
The searing, wrenching, terrifying riot is
over, put down by force as it had to be.
The question for Watts, for Los Angeles-
yes, and for South Bend and every urban
community in the North-now is: What
next?
Do we hire more policemen and keep our
National Guards on alert and hope neither
will be needed? Do we wrangle irrelevantly
about police brutality and mistake a symp-
tom for a root problem?
Or do we face up at last to the existence,
in the midst of but alien from middleclass
:manners and morals and attitudes (but very
:much in tune with middleclass aspirations),
of a jobless, often hopeless hate-fulled, pri-
marily colored minority all too ready to re-
soft to what has been called "the violence
of despair?"
This minority is characterized by a matri-
archal family pattern in which the husband
and father is usually out of work and fre-
quently out of sight, in which almost a
quarter of the children are born out of wed-
lock and most grow up with little or no
discipline, in which youngsters find no in- respect to expenditures in the budget as a
centive at home to learn or to succeed, in whole for natural resources programs-and
which "whitey" is the symbol of their de- In this, as you know, we include all of the
spair, but only because "whitey" is as easily resource agencies-this growth has been a
identifiable to them as they are to him. very phenomenal growth. There has been
What has to be done? First of all, chan- an increase from $1.7 billion in 1960 to an
nels of communication with this minority estimated $2.7 billion in 1965. Roughly this
must improved, or in some cases established, is about a 60 percent increase, or more than
Job training and then job opportunity must twice as fast a growth as has taken place
be furnished to adults, special assistance and in the budget as a whole for the Federal
motivation must be provided to children in Government. I think this is a very impor-
school and younger. tant fact.
Escape from the ghetto must be possible The increase in expenditures in recent
for those who are willing to work their way years indicates the importance of conserva-
out. tion and development of natural resources
None of these things will be done easily or to the Nation's economic growth, and the
quickly. Even those communities in which extent of Federal support for natural re-
they are undertaken may be asked to show sotirces activities despite the restrictive bud-
great patience in the next generation or two getary policy that we have had to follow.
as further outbreaks of violence boil up from There are many thing in the budget that
the despair. we would like to do more of, and that par-
But unless the effort is made, the very ticularly applies to the area of natural re-
fabric of society will be threatened. That's sources development.
how serious the problem is. Reference has been made to the fact that
last year was a conservation Congress, and
Resource Development Discussed by
Elmer Staats
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ED EDMONDSON
OF OIcLAHOMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 7, 1965
Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker,
early this summer the Honorable Elmer
B. Staats, Deputy Director of the Bureau
of the Budget, appeared before the 52d
national convention of the National
Rivers and Harbors Congress to deliver
informal remarks on the status of the de-
velopment - of America's natural re-
sources.
This status report, which gathers to-
gether programs of the Corps of Engi-
neers, the Bureau of Reclamation, the
Department of Agriculture, and all other
agencies which participate in develop-
ment of natural resources, provides a
good view of the efforts being made in
this direction by the Federal Govern-
ment. Few officials in Government are
in a better position to comment on this
broad field than Mr. Staats, one of our
I dare say that this year will also be a con-
servation Congress, because of the great at-
tention and time and interest in new legis-
lation which the Congress enacted last year,
and I'm sure will again this year.
Now the 1966 budget recommended funds
for the Corps of Engineers to start construc-
tion on 37 new projects with an estimated
total Federal cost of $777 million. Develop-
ment since January has resulted in shift-
ing four of these proposed starts to the fiscal
year 1965, and adding one more proposed
project for fiscal 1966. In addition, the
Corps of Engineers is expected to undertake
19 new planning starts.
The 1966 budget provided for the Bureau
of Reclamation to. start five new water re-
source projects, involving a total Federal cost
of $103 million. It also provides loans for
four small reclamation projects, and in addi-
tion, three new planing starts. For the TVA,
the budget provided for one large steam
power plant to be started in 1968, involving
an estimated cost of $150 million, and in ad-
dition, four new water resource projects were
recommended for starting involving a Fed-
eral cost of $9:8 million. .
In addition to the projects being initiated
by the Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of
Reclamation, and the TVA, the. budget rec-
ommended funds for the Department of
Agriculture to assist local units of govern-
ment in starting construction of 70 new
watershed protection projects in 1966. Since
the budget was .presented to the Congress,
funds have been recommended and appro-
priated to finance the Appalachian program
in the 1965 and 1966 period. Funds pro-
vided include 10 additional watershed proj-
remarks by Mr. Staats printed in the Now I'd like to mention just briefly where
RECORD at this time: we stand with respect to the current 1965
rivers and
"'S'HE NATURAL RESOURCES BUDGET," INFORMAL harbors bill. Since 1962, when
the last
REMARKS BY HON. ELMER B. STAATS, DEPUTY reau the omnibus bill was emoted, the Bus
has
DIRECTOR"OF THE BUDGET, EXECUTIVE OFFICE Budget has reviewed
PRESIDENT completed its Bu clearance action on wed n 105 and proj-
ect authorization reports. Of these, 60 have
Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I'm been cleared since January of this year, so
sorry to be late. I almost thought for a you can see we've been pretty busy over in
moment that I had come too early when I the Bureau. As of today we're fairly cur-
heard Floyd Dominy use that word "deep rent. Only seven final project reports for
freeze," because I thought he was going to the Corps of Engineers are pending in the
talk about me. Bureau of the Budget as of today. In addi-
It's a pleasure to have a chance to come tion, we have 40 advance reports, but final
and meet with this group. I'm afraid I project reports have not yet been received in
won't be able to give you quite the oration the Bureau. The reports cleared by the Bu-
that Floyd has given you because I've been reau of the Budget as of today involve an
so busy wrestling around with his projects, estimated total Federal cost of a billion and
I haven't had a chance to write such a speech. a half dollars.
But seriously, I would like to give you a Many of you are interested, I know, in the
little bit of a status report, I might call it, status of the basin monetary authorizations.
rather than a formal address, as to where it The budget recommendations for the Corps
seems to me we have made some significant of Engineers for 1966 included funds to .
advances, since we had our last meeting with advance developments on various compre-
you a year ago. hensive river basin projects which are sub-
And I'd like first to remind you that with ject to monetary authorization ceilings. A
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B0044 R000300140023-9 22167
September 7, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUS labor
ngton Post this contains an
0 .4, t
t
rl~ la r find a meager supper for himself and his launtiri borers up1.fthn cagns ' e to yf and w, to gth a
family.
This was the sad picture which Mr, his best eff t e betterme of Novak entitled "The Planned Press on-
penetrates the
Iglesias-Pantin described before Special Puerto Rifle 1. image of This Presidential article press conferences
image of
Commissioner Henry K. Carroll, ap- and portrays them for what they are-
pointed by President McKinley to study CBS R TON THE AR IN planned propaganda.
Puerto the Rico. ac- VIETNAM I commend both articles to the atten-
quiredit ter r ritory of prevalent
But there was hope, too. (Mr, DUNCAN of Oregon asked and tion of my colleagues:
But .
Our chief object- was given permission to address the [From the Columbia Journalism Review,
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex- _ 1965]
Mr. Iglesias declared- tend his remarks.) PRESS AGENT, BUT STILL PRESIDENT
has been to obtain for each of the guild mem- Mr. DUNCAN of Oregon. Mr. (By Ben H. Bagdikian)
bers the. greatest amount of education possi-
ble. Speaker, last night I watched for an hour For a time during World War II this writer institu- * * * Under the new (American)
wens, we shall find this much easier because a CBS report on the war in Vietnam. Was an instructor in aerial navigation, an
S, a
we understand that in the United States the Liberally sprinkled through the report exercise that required one student navigator
,greatest part of the forces of the Government were comments by American servicemen to direct the plane to in practice c lice ttarget plane while a
of. axe directed to the propagation of instruction about the significance of the battle they out second touch with the first, trackea e but
for its workingmen. are fighting and the difficulty the Amer- the plane had been and where it was headed.
We also will have to direct our attention- icon people seem to be having in under- One night the first navigator said the plane
He added- standing the significance and the impor- would hit the target at 11 p.m. and the tar-
especially to the economic aspect of our tance of the American presence and get would be El Paso. Asked where we would
trade, as that has been at a very low ebb? activity in Vietnam. Occasionally a be at 11, the second navigator wrote, "Al-
soldier suggested rather hopefully that bug loomed of the 11 o'clock a large men looked
True enough, some years later, as a the voices of withdrawal were a distinct
member of the Senate in the Legislature nority jubilant. On the ground I had to tell the
of Puerto Rico, he was able to sponsor Debate of American policy is a healthy second man we were not in Albuquerque but
in El Paso. He was stunned. He pulled out
legislation to improve working conditions characteristic of our form of govern- his log, full of statistics like compass head-
in the island and to protect the workers' ment. This debate is valuable, however, ings and celestial fixes, waved it in front of
right to organize unions and enter into only as it is predicated upon accurate my face and cried, "But that's impossible.
collective agreements. information. Recently the White House, I've got the figures to prove we're in Al-
As a politician, Mr. Iglesias-Pantin in cooperation with the Departments of buquerque." He did have the figures to
was astute and shrewd. He founded the State and Defense issued a publication prove it. But the sign on the tower said
Socialist Party, which gradually drew entitled "Why Vietnam." This booklet El TexansPaso and all the natives claimed to be
Texans.
strength from the fast-growing unions, performs two useful services. It spells This episode came to mind when the Pres-
and was elected a Senator when Congress out clearly the background of our com- iden.t in his June 1 press conference de-
gave the island a new Organic Act in mitment in South Vietnam and contains scribed the care with which he decided to
1917. excellent factual statements both by Sec- send the marines to Santo Domingo: "I had
He was for some years the only repre- retary Rusk and Secretary McNamara. 237 individual conversations during that pe-
sentative of his party in the legislature, I am advised that the demand for riod and about 35 meetings with various peo-
and the anecdote went round that when- copies of this publication from Members ple."
ever an important situation came up he of Congress has been heavy and the sup- The President is a lover of statistics and
would close his eyes and hold his head ply is limited. I am further advised that of appearances and In the fierce gamesman-
with both hands, elbows firm against the the cost of publication as a House docu- ship that has developed in the White House
he has proved himself an indefatigible prac-
flat top of his desk.
"Sh, sh," he would answer to anyone
interrupting his meditation, "I'm hold-
ing a party caucus."
His task as Resident Commissioner
was difficult, but somehow he was able
to overcome formidable obstacles to
reach his goals. When Mr. Iglesias died,
he earned praise from all those col-
leagues who had been fortunate to be his
ment is very substantially less than if titioner of the art of public relations. This
additional copies were to be printed for has presented special problems for the press
congressional use by the State Depart- corps, but not simply because a President
ment. In view of the congressional de- tries to put himself in the best light, be-
mand and the savings to be expected, I cause all do that. It has dawned only re-
think it proper for the House to reprint cently on Washington correspondents just
committed the President is to
l
ho
dee
y
p
w
this publication as a House document*
his public relations practice.
frig ds PRESIDENT
Joseph Kraft, writing in Harper's, believes
the President's troubles with the press "stem
largely from the inability of the press to
see the President as just another flack."
.
L
rned onl
-
.?.._.,... --- - .. _.
1 . ?...
,
I always iounu him conce
- _ _
the welfare of the people of Puerto Rico, and mission to address the House for 1 min- President of the United States as "just an-
never for himself- ute, to revise and extend his remarks, and other flack"?
The problem is not the existence of public
Said delegate Dimond, of Alaska, ad- include extraneous matter.) relations In the White House, which has to
ding: Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, as anyone consider its "image" if for no other reason
Nobody who knew him can truthfully deny knows, who has read the Constitution, than to know whether it is being under-
that while he was Commissioner from Puerto the President of the United States also stood. But there is flackery and fiackery and
Rico, the people of that island had an able, serves as the Commander in Chief of the the White House has pushed the techniques
high-minded and devoted advocate in the Armed Forces, but a great many eye- of PR to the point of negative returns.
Congress. brows are being raised over the Presi- Some White House deceptions are forgiven
Even 'a man as reticent as Adm. Wil- dent's apparent assumption of the addi- as =part of the job. President Eisenhower d have
wiser t t
liam D. Leahy, then Governor of Puerto tional role of "editor in chief" of the w lde v e been down oovrerefuse
Russia m Rena shot Rico, said: Nation's newspapers. national leader the President has to keep
His death is a great loss. He was a true In the summer issue of the Columbia himself open to negotiations for the national
public servant, loyal to the legions who hop- Journalism Review, published under the good and if he publicly associates himself
orecl him. auspices of the Graduate School of Jour- with all the dirty tricks that go on behind
I should like to bring memory in the nalism of Columbia University, is a most the scenes he damages his power-not be-
House of Representatives today, of this enlightening article entitled "Press cause he tells the other side anything it
former colleague who devoted himself so Agent, but Still President." It deserves doesn't privately know, but because he be-
be read by every member of the fourth comes a public symbol of the dirty tricks
pal leaders cannot
h
1 Henry K. Carroll, "Report on the Island of
Puerto Rico," submitted to Hon, William
McKinley, President of the United States,
Oct, 6, 1899. Washington, Government
Printing Office, 1899.
er na io
estate faced with the problem of choosing with whom ot
negotiate. Precisely because the President
between respect for pis readers and? re- is more than a promoter of his own program
spect for the Presidency. and reputation, more than proprietor of Gov-
To indicate how closely this article de- ' ernment agencies, but also a symbol of na-
scribes the present situation, the Wash- tional aims and values, it is important that
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
22168 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE September 7, 1965
he be listened to-and speak-as something "Certainly, Mr. President. I'll straighten as old stuff?" Ball replied that the Govern-
more than a shrewd public relations man. it out right away." ment had always held the same position,
Some of the deeeptions have been impor- "I'd appreciate it if you would clean this though the "formulations" might be new
tant. For weeks President Johnson told the up for me." and, he added as a parting shot, "it may be
public it was being misled by reporters who "I certainly will, Mr. President." a little clearer to you." To which John
said the Government was considering widen- "We hope you will take the necessary steps Scali, ABC diplomatic correspondent, rose to
ing the war in Vietnam. The reporters were to straighten this out." say, "Since this has all been said before,
correct and the President wrong. The White "Yes, sir; Mr. President." would the Secretary please refresh the re-
House has implied that it consulted the Or- "Thank you, Pat." porters' memories on the last time anyone
ganization of American States before com- "Thank you for lettilrg us know, Mr: Presi- in the Government offered unconditional
mitting troops to the Dominican Republic, dent." w discussions on Vietnam?" There was gen-
but it never told the OAS beforehand that it But the problem is not just quantity of eral laughter and no answer-
was considering troops. Presidential time and intervention. Some The White House seems so obsessed with
Other illusions are of interest chiefly with- of it is less meticulous than his editing of keeping the news record favorable that it is
in the trade, such as the time the President UPI typos and some of it has such an im- defensive about first-hand journalism that
gave a backgrounder in Texas but asked oor- plausible ending that it can only harm his it could find useful. The press helped dis-
respondents to put on a Washington date- credibility. He likes to be the miracle pel some of the wild confusion within gov-
line (which most did). worker, so takes pains to knock down stories ernment on the Dominican coup d'etat with
The problem is partly the astonishing por- predicting what he will do. In December reporting from the scene that was better
tion of presidential attentioa given to pub- he complained that the Washington Eve- than official diplomatic and military report-
lie relations. No President has monitored ning Star reported falsely that he would ing,
his public image with more zeal. He often propose a 3-percent pay raise for Federal The same was true in Vietnam. John
pulls popularity poll results out of his pocket. workers. The Star dutifully reported the Mecklin, chief information officer in Saigon
He adds up hours of time given to the press Presidential complaint. Then the President during the timewhen David Haiberstram of
and it is enormous, though much of it is proposed a 3-percent pay raise for Federal thr' Times and Malcolm Browne of the AP
ritualistic or nonuseful. In one extended workers. were official dirty words, writes in his book,
session a French correspondent whispered to At about the same time, the President "Mission in Torment," that Halberstram and
an American that he had a Paris deadline complained that the Washington Post falsely Browne were essentially correct in their
coming up and had to leave. The President reported that he planned to ask for a $4 reporting and the Government essentially
was holding forthon the White House south billion cut in excise tuxes. "The President wrong.
balcony. The American whispered back that is described as feeling that the $4 billion The White House obsession with PR would
the Frenchman couldn't possibly leave. "But figure couldn't be further wrong," the news be easier to handle if it came from another
we've been here for an hour and a half and story said. The then press secretary, George source. , Most correspondents learned to cope
he Is saying nothing and I have a deadline." Reedy, said, "That figure bears no relation- with fiackdom a long time ago: they reaci
The American hissed, "Would you leave if ship to any decision that has been made." when special pleaders originate news; they
Charles de Gaulle were doing this?" The The President proposed an excise tax cut of recognize the implausibly rosy release; they
Frenchman stiffened and whispered, "Charles $3,964 million which bears a relationship to instinctively check with the opposition; they
de Gaulle would not spend 15 minutes talk- $4 billion as 99.1 to 100. treat with contempt a man. who deliberately
ing about the rust on his balcony." Nor is it unknown that a responsible White flimflams them.
The President and his staff seem to ring House aid will confirm a reporter's story be- What is special here is Kraft's observation:
like burglar alarms whenever and wherever fore it is printed, and after the published most reporters have trouble looking at this
the name "Johnson" appears in print or is story causes unexpected embarrassment an- President as just another flack. He is not
uttered on the air. A small item in a west other equally' responsible White House aid just another flack. He is a PR man in hi:
Texas paper mentioned Billie Sol Estes in will tell reporters that the story is wrong obsession with image, his unrestrained at-
connection with the President in a three- and was never checked with the White House. tempts to create illusion for tactical reasons
paragraph story on the inside; the editor While doing this, the President maintains and his concern with appearances no matter
claims he got a telephone call from the White sympathetic relations with editors and pub- how implausible. But he is also President
House in time to kill the item in later edi- lishers beyond anything known before. of the United States, carrying the burdens of
tions. One television correspondent was Lyndon Johnson is the only Democratic his office seriously.
awakened in the middle of the night by the President in this century who seems to be The problem is that Lyndon Johnson ap-
White House, which had heard that he on better terms with newspaper publishers peals to reporters with all the dignity and
planned to make some critical remarks the than with the working press. This isn't power of his position as President and when
next day. A newspaper correspondent wrote bad; it is merely astonishing. I. F. Stone, an this does not produce the results he wants,
a critical morning story and got three tale- incorrigible heretic in a town with increasing begins manipulating them and the news in.
phone calls from 'White House aids before pressures for journalistic orthodoxy, has ways that are not highly regarded even at
breakfast. The New York Review of` Books, written, "Johnson sometimes seems to think the Press Club bar. He is trying to have it
a medium-highbrow publication, ran a the Constitution made him not only com- both ways. The weakness of many corres-
scathing review of Johnson's Vietnam policy mander-in-chief of the Nation's Armed Forces pondents is that the President is too valu-
and Itseditors got a phone call from a White but editor-in-chief of its newspapers." able a source in the competition for news to
House aid suggesting that in the future Among the institutional casualties of this be ignored as a lesser PR man would be. But
they have Vietnam books reviewed by Joseph crushing program of public relations are the deeper than that is the conflict the Presi-
Al.sop (who approves of the Johnson policy). press briefings by the press secretary, which dent creates in many serious correspondents
The President has three television sets for who respect the Office of President and the
simultaneous viewing of the three networks, have decreasing content, and the Presidential
man in it, but whose professional standards
plus an Al' and UPI ticker. Apparently he press conference, which becomes increasingly tell them that what is going on is common,
watches them more choral than some of the rhetorical. Even the semi-confidential back- ordinary grounder has often been reduced to an ab-
The Y press President and t entry,
editors. One night a startled wire service his aids often seem to
surdity. On April 7, for example, such a
editor in Washington got a White House call ignore the demands of professionalism upon
session was held to give prior interpretation
later preserved in the house organ, UPI Re- correspondents, which require exercise in-
porter, as follows: of the President's Johns Hopkins University dependent judgment based not on person-
"Hello?" speech offering unconditional discussions ality or pressure'but on honest discrimina-
"Hello, Pat, this is Lyndon Johnson." Vietnam. The briefing was given in the e tion. Too often correspondents are asked to
"Yes, Mr. Presiden t," White House by Secretary of Defense Robert choose between disrespect for the reader and
"Say, I have here (pause) AlO1N from McNamara, then-Acting Secretary of State disrespect for the President.
Johnson City, Tex., about the homestead, by George Ball, and Special assistant McGeorge One simple answer may be to report the
K le Thom son, Let's see ) you Ordinarily it is not cricket to print
Y P (pause ou saY names of briefing officers but in this case the unabashed intervention of the White House
in there that there's going to be a fee for into the news The dialog in IIPI
the tour. Well, that's not right at all. The White House disclosed them by staging a reporter was seen widely in the trade, but it
idea is to give it to the make-believe start of the briefing for tele-
m. newscasts to was not on the UPI wire. Ordinarily this
people." a m vision and radio for the 6 p
i
M
t
P
i
'
,
nu
e,
r.
res
dent, and I
ll get help build public interest in the speech. would be healthy avoidance of narcissism,
the story."
But perhaps the time has come to report the
"You see what it says. It says `the home When it came to the nonattributable President not only as originator of news
was opened to the public for fee tours.' That question and answer, the cameras were shut but also as editor of It.
isn't right. You see, it's for free. That's the off but the same spirit of charade continued
idea. Do you see that?" to pervade the session. Max Frankel, of the [From the Washington Post, Sept. 7, 1965]
"Yes, Mr. President. It looks like they New York Times, asked why the Government INSIDE REPORT: THE PLANNED PRESS
dropped the 'r' in the word 'free.' I guess had waited so long to make public its aims CONFERENCE
they omitted it in transmission." and its basis for settlement in Vietnam.
Secretary Ball said that there was no delay, (By RowlandEvans and Robert Novak)
"Well, Pat, it sure does mean just the oppo- that the Government had always had the If President Johnson's last nationally tele-
site pf what we mean." ,,.,a4+1,,,, ,,.me?+s., :- F, -- - -
-
-
- - --- ---o^-- -~ ~v~~??c.- u va aaac uaaaaLL rAalU J-
"Well, we want itr~to be fre." apes lb is not news, that we should-
hould treat it little staged, this was no accident.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
 Approved For Release 2003/
September 7, 1965 CON
of vital war materials at this time was
unpatriotic and might be considered by
other nations as a division of support for
American foreign policy.
To their credit, the negatoators were
able to come to an agreement on Fri-
day. This agreement was formally ac-
cepted by the Wage Policy Committee of
the Steelworkers Union on Sunday.
-We must voice our appreciation to
both the steel management and labor for
considering the public consequences of
their private business. Their response
to the urgings of the President is typical
of their reactions to the public need in
recent years.
The agreement itself has been termed
by the President as "a fair one, designed
to prevent inflation which would damage
our Nation's prosperity." It is gratify-
ing that the pact can be. noninflation-
ary. With the general business upswing
crowding capacity, any major price hike
in steel could bring on inflationary pres-
sures that we could ill afford.
As 'we view the situation from Wash-
ington, we reflect on the impact on the
economy and world politics. But to the
thousands of steelworkers and their
families that I represent, the steel pact
means continued good times.
The small grocer in Gary knows that
next week he will be cashing paychecks
for his regular customers instead of fill-
ing strike orders from the business
agent. The wife whose husband works
in the mill knows now that she can buy
the children's back-to-school lothes.
A steel strike is a very human thing-
a tragedy to the people whose livelihood
depends on the men in the mill.
Because their President cared enough
for them, for the economy, and for the
fighting men in Vietnam-the strike has
been averted. He was not content to sit
idly by and let a strike take its toll. He
did not bring the Government into inter=
ference with the free market system. He
did bring the great moral strength of his
office, his own good will, and his great
powers of persuasion to bear on the
problem and caused its solution.
I applaud and I offer thanks to the
leaders of the steel industry and to the
President for their significant contribu-
tion to the American economy by their
successful negotiations last week. The
example of the steel leadership working
with its Government to keep the wheels
of industry turning is good for all busi-
nesses to see.
ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT UNTIL
TOMORROW
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
assume, barring the appearance of other
Senators in the Chamber, that at the
conclusion of the remarks of the distin-
guished Senator from Iowa [Mr. MIL-
LER1, the Senate will stand in adjourn-
ment.
I ask unanimous consent that when
the Senate completes its business today,
it stand in adjournment until 12 o'clock
noon tomorrow.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
OPOSAES`FOR SETTLEMENT. OF
THE WAR IN VIETNAM
Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, on Au-
gust 16 I expressed a concern that some
misleading interpretations are being
placed on what the United States will
settle for in Vietnam. I refer Senators
to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of August
16, 1965, pages 19782-8.
I was concerned, as I said at that time,
over suggestions that we may settle for
less than what the President has stated
to be our minimal objectives.
I remarked that:
This is no time to give comfort to those
who promote aggression. Granted that our
own leaders intend to follow a firm policy,
they should avoid any statements which
might be construed as a sign of deviation
from that policy.
It was also pointed out at that time
that:
All peace-loving people are prayerful that.
there will be a prompt end to the war in
Vietnam and that peace will come to that
area. But few peace-loving people will tol-
erate an end to the war at the price of free-
dom or. the profit for aggression. The na-
tional interest of the United States and
South Vietnam-indeed the national interest
of all nations, large and small, whose people
live in freedom-repudiates a policy of peace
at any price. There is a price to be paid for
peace, and it is only with a clear understand-
ing of what that price is that those who
speak of "negotiations" can speak meaning-
fully.
President Johnson's statement at
Johns Hopkins University was also re-
peated:
We will not withdraw, either openly or
under the cloak of a meaningless agreement.
All of us realize that great priority has
been given by the President to bring
about a cessation of hostilities in Viet-
nam.and to bring the participants to the
conference table.
But there is something of higher pri-
ority than that: It is the minimal objec-
tives clearly stated by the President of
the United States for the war in Viet-
nam. These objectives "are: to persuade
the North Vietnamese. to leave their
neighbor, South Vietnam, alone; to cease
and desist from directing, controlling,
and supplying war materiel and man-
power to the Vietcong military forces in
South Vietnam; and to assist the South
Vietnamese in ending the attacks of the
Vietcong so that the people can live in
peace and freedom. This is the price of
peace in Vietnam. Any cessation of
hostilities and any action at the confer-
ence table must be premised on the
achievement of these minimal objectives.
And any timetable for cessation of hos-
tilities and participation at the confer-
ence table cannot take priority over
them.
it is with these thoughts that I turn
to the statement on the floor of the Sen-
ate made by the distinguished majority
leader on September 1. It has been
widely reported that the views he ex-
pressed were those of the President, but
whether this is so or not I do not know.
The majority leader set forth the four
conditions for peace advanced by Hanoi
In response to the President's Johns Hop-
kips Speech. He then sought to show
that these conditions might be reconcil-
able with President Johnson's minimal
objectives.
I find it difficult to reconcile them.
Hanoi's condition that the internal af-
fairs of South Vietnam be determined by
the South Vietnamese in accordance
with the National Liberation Front pro-
gram is repugnant to the concept of
freedom for the people of South Viet-
nam. The peaceful, so-called reunifica-
tion of all of Vietnam is a nice-sounding
objective, but when one realizes the im-
possibility of holding genuinely free elec-
tions in a Communist dominated coun-
try, the objective lacks substance. It
would seem to run counter to the only
American interpretation which can be
placed on President Johnson's stated ob-
jective that the people of South Viet-
nam shall have the right of choice, the
right to shape their own destiny in free
elections in the South, or throughout all
Vietnam under international supervi-
sion. How could there be any such in-
ternational supervision without the for-
eign interference which Hanoi clearly
demands be left out?
The distinguished majority leader
also made this statement:
But unless the military conflict is to ex-
pand and to continue into the indefinite fu-
ture, whether it be 3, 5, 10, or 20 years of
war, the degree of these automatic reflexes
must be tasted in negotiations.
I do not believe that such a choice ex-
ists at all. The choice is between the
realization of the minimal stated ob-
jectives of the President of the United
States by negotiations and settlement or
by war and settlement. It is.the leaders
in Hanoi-not in the United States-who
have made the choice. It is up to them-
not us-to decide whether to stop their
aggression. Their decision will deter=
mine the length and intensity of the
war. When they realize that aggression
does not pay off-that the price of their
decision to continue the war is too dear,
they will agree to the President's mini-
mal objectives in a settlement-and not
before. This need not be any 3, 5, 10, or
20-year war at all; but its length will de-
pend greatly on the President's decision
on how much more cost will be. paid by
North Vietnam and how soon in order
to persuade the leaders in Hanoi that
continued war is unacceptable to them.
In this connection, a timely lead edito-
rial entitled "We're Talking Too Much,"
was published in Monday's Washington
Evening Star. The editorial points out
that all of the talk about negotiations
which has been going on from within
the United'States might be taken as an
indication of irresolution on our part. It
lays a foundation for the hope in the
hearts of the leaders in Hanoi that the
United States will not have the patience
and perseverance which the President
says we shall have to see it through, so
that our minimal objectives will be at-
tained and the world will know that ag-
gression does not pay off. I ask unani-
mous consent that the editorial be
printed in the RECORD, along with an
editorial from the Des Moines Register
of September 5, entitled "Mansfield's
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA=RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
 22102
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 7, 1965
Peace Plan," which points out that the [From the Des Moines Sunday Register, Sept.
majority leader's suggestions "are still 5,19651
18 PEACE PLAN
far from those offered to date by North
Vietnam and its ally, the National Two new sets of peace proposals have
Liberation Front of South Vietnam- appeared recently for the Vietnam war: an
Vietcong." interview given by South Vietnamese Premier
Nguyen Cao Ky including his peace terms:
There being no objection, the editori- and a speech in the U.S. Senate by Majority
als were ordered to be printed in the Ieader MIKE MANSFIELD, ostentatiously ap-
RECORD, as follows: approved by the White House, summarizing
.[From the Washington, D.C., Evening Star, U.S. terms for peace.
Sept. 6, 19651 Ky wants time to overcome "many in-
WE'RE TALXING TOO MUCH justices" in South Vietnam before he faces
peace negotiations and possible free elections.
Senator MANSFIELD, the majority leader, This doesn't fit in too well with U.S. efforts
made a speech the other day which was es-
sentially a restatement of our aims in Viet-
nam. He threw in two additional points,
that there must be provision prior to nego-
tiations for a "secure amnesty" and a will-
ingness on all sides to accept a "cease-fire
and a standfast. " Otherwise, there was
nothing new in it.
Since this speech is supposed to have had
the prior approval of the President, there is
reason to note with some concern Senator
MANSFIELD's reiteration of the Johnson state-
ment of July 28: "We insist and we will al-
ways insist that the people of South Vietnam
shall have the right of choice, the right to
shape their own destiny in free elections in
the South, or throughout all of Vietnam
under international supervision"
There is all the difference in the world be-
tween the free elections in the South and
elections throughout all Vietnam. In the
former case there would be a right of choice.
In the second, there would be none, for such
an election would surely be won by the Com-
munists. To agree to any such condition
as this would be to capitulate to the Com-
munists, despite all our brave words, and to
sell the South Vietnamese down the river.
We hope that this was not the essential mes-
sage that Senator MANSFIELD, with the Presi-
dent's approval, was trying to get across to
Hanoi.
It seems to us, furthermore, that the t.me
has come to stop making peace overtures to
the Communists every hour on the hour.
The fighting has not been going well for
them, and they must know that they cannot
win this war. Why not let them sweat it
out for a while instead of giving them even
slight reason to think that we are tiring of
the struggle and ready to call it a day?
Senator JAvrrs was among those who ap-
plauded the MANSFIELD speech. He said we
should constantly reiterate our willingness
to negotiate, which, in fact, the President
has been doing. Then the New York Sena-
tor added: "I hope very much that these
efforts are not misunderstood as indicating
an irresolution on our part." .
With this, he puthis finger on what may
well be the Achilles' heel of our repeated bids
for peace. We should stop talking about our
willingness to talk, and let our willingness
to fight speak for itself for a while.
1x11 or winter-but the frank admission of
injustices is a new and wholesome attitude
: or a South Vietnamese to take. South Viet-
nam can be lost on either the military front
or the economic and social front; but it can-
not be "won" without solid accomplishments
in both.
Ky would like North Vietnamese troops,
withdrawn from South Vietnam under firm
guarantees before he starts peace negotia-
tions, and he wants American troops to stay
on until his government asks them to leave.
This goes beyond U.S. thinking. But as a
hard bargaining position this makes some
sense -providing Ky's forces and his U.S.
allies win some more victories.
Senator MANSFIELD's speech is much more
realistic In theterms it presents. MANSFIELD
has been (1) against expanding the Vietnam
war; (2) for full debate and full news cover-
age of it, without fear or favor; (3) for Pres-
ident Johnson's effort to make peace and
to hang on In the meantime. In public,
MANSFIELD has generally supported admin-
istration policy; in private he is said to be
critical.
So there is special significance in his ap-
pearing this time as administration spokes-
man, with public congratulations by Vice-
President HUBERT HUMPHREY and a White
House statement that the speech "reflects the
sentiment of the Johnson administration."
MANSFIELD himself avowedly based the speech
on recent presidential speeches, with "clari-
fications" of his own.
The Mansfield-Johnson peace terms call
for a verified free choice by the South Viet-
namese people of their own government and
their own destiny, which may be independ-
ence of reunion with North Vietnam if they
so choose. The terms call also for with-
drawal of all foreign forces and bases
throughout Vietnam, North and South, once
peace is established and adequate interna-
tional guarantees for noninterference in
Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia are agreed on.
MANSFIELD added suggestions for an am-
nesty and a ceasefire as essential to negotia-
tions.
These terms are still far from those offered
to date by North Vietnam and its ally, the
National Liberation Front of South Vietnam
(Vietcong). They want to get the U.S. troops
and bases out, but not the North Vietnamese,
and they want reunification of Vietnam un-
der elections stacked in favor of the Com-
munists. But they may be doing some re-
thinking under the impact of the heavy
U.S. poundings in the field, and the still
heavier U.S. buildup for future hostilities
if the war continues.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, if
there is no further business to pome be-
fore the Senate, I move, in accordance
with the previous order, that the Senate
adjourn until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow.
The motion was agreed to; and at
1 o'clock and 4 minutes p.m.), in accord-
ance with the previous order, the Senate
adjourned until tomorrow, Wednesday,
September 8, 1965, at 12 o'clock meridian.
CONFIRMATIONS
Executive nominations, confirmed by
the Senate September 7, 1965:
EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF WASHINGTON
Hobart Taylor, Jr., of Michigan, to,.be a
member of the Board of Directors of the Ex-
port-Import Bank of Washington.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND
WELFARE
Ralph K. Huitt, of Wisconsin, to be an
Assistant Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare.
U.S. NAVY
Rear Adm. Alexander C. Husband, Civil
Engineer Corps, U.S. Navy, to , , Chief of the
Bureau of Yards and Dock in the Depart-
ment of the Navy for a term of 4 years.
U.S. ARMY
The Army National Guard of the United
States officers named herein for appointment
as Reserve commissioned officers of the
Army, under the provisions of title 10, United
States Code, sections 593(a) and 3392:
Brig. Gen. Richard Charles Kendall,
01184680, Adjutant General's Corps.
Brig. Gen. Howard Samuel McGee, 0387469,
Adjutant General's Corps, to be major gen-
erals.
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Keith Hardie, of Wisconsin, to be U.S.
marshall for the western district of Wiscon-
cin for the term of 4 years.
George A. Bukovatz, of Montana, to be
U.S. marshal for the district of Montana for
the term of 4 years.
Robert Nelson Chaffin, of Wyoming, to be
U.S. Attorney for the district of Wyoming for
the term of 4- years.
IN THE MARINE CORPS
The nominations beginning William L. At-
water, Jr., to be colonel, and ending William
J. Zaro, to be colonel, which nominations
were received by the Senate and appeared
in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on August 23,'
1965.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
September 7, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
They nearly depleted their financial re-
serves to modernize the mill and hire expert
outside management aid. The president of
the company is a white lumberman, Samuel
Clements.
As time passed more Indians have moved
up to supervisory jobs. Sales have grown
each year. The operation is a success and
the Menominees are proud of it.
The company also sees income potential
in the lease of sites on wooded Menominee
lakes to outsiders for summer homes. The
objective is a broader tax base. Several leases
have been negotiated.
"People still are not happy about all we
lost," said Deputy Sheriff Monroe Weso, "but
things are beginning to jell now."
"We are doing things," said Ronald
Frechette, 31-year-old member of the county
board. "In the past the Government always
did our thinking."
AIDED FRENCH EXPLORERS
Names such as Frechette and Grignon are
common among the largely Roman Catholic
Menominees. Members of the tribe met,
aided, and intermarried with French ex-
plorers who came to their land with Father
Nicollet two centuries ago.
Mr. Frechette noted that 37 attractive new
frame homes had been built with Federal
Home Administration financing. Before
termination Indians could not establish
credit for such undertakings.
New businesses have been started, includ-
ing small stores, bars, gasoline stations, a
motel, a laundromat. Two families have be-
come building contractors.
The mill is on two shifts and paying union
wages. Anyone driving by can see steam
shooting skyward 16 hours a day, hear the
big saws sing, and watch the yellow tractors
scurry about with claws full of logs.
"I have every confidence that we will make
it if the bill before Congress passes," said
Mr. Dickey. "It could put the county on a
sound financial footing for the first time."
"The wishful thinking about turning the
clock back to the way we used to live is
fading," he went on. "In the large majority
L.B1J OPE L OORsATO NEGO-
TIA IN VIETNAM
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, there
may continue to be teach-ins on Vietnam
this fall and winter. Out of this dis-
cussion I hope will come some useful
ideas as well as the predictable criticism.
Academic critics of the administration's
policies on Vietnam should be fully
aware of the remarkable efforts Presi-
dent Johnson has made to secure nego-
tiations.
Mr. President, I doubt whether there
has been a time in history when an
American President has gone so far to
secure negotiations-to stop the fighting
on honorable terms-as has President
Johnson with regard to Vietnam. -
In a recent column published in the
Chicago Sun Times, Roscoe Drummond
details just how-as he puts it-no door
is closed. All aveneus are open.
I ask unanimous consent to have the
column written by Mr. Drummond, en-
titled-"All Doors Open tot Viet Talks,"
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows: -
IFrom the Chicago Sun-Times, Sept. 6, 1965]
ALL DOORS OPEN TO VIET TALKS
(By Roscoe Drummond)
WASHINGTON.-With the help of Senator
MIKE MANSFIELD-an Asian expert in his own
right-President Johnson has now opened
all doors to a negotiated settlement of the
war in Vietnam.
Speaking for the White House as well as
for himself, MANSFIELD made it clear that all
roads lead to the conference table and that
by taking any one of them Hanoi can have
peace Instead of war.
There are three such roads to negotiation
and all are acceptable to the United States:
First. We will go to the conference with or
without a cease-fire, with or without a truce.
We'll negotiate under either circumstance. -
Hanoi can choose. We prefer a cease-fire,
but don't insist upon it.
Second. We will go to the conference table
without any advance commitment as to what
either side would accept as a settlement. We
would not be cor nltted to the conditions
which Hanoi might want. Hanoi would not
be committed in any way to the conditions
we would want. Namely, "unconditional dis-
cussions."
Third. We are also willing to go to the
conference table after a careful review of
positions on both sides to see whether a
basis for agreement is conceivable before
formal discussions begin. Namely, condi-
tional discussions, if Hanoi prefers it that
way.
No door is closed. All avenues are open.
It was this third door on which the Demo-
cratic Senate leader rapped the hardest.
MANSFIELD compared the objectives out-
lined by Mr. Johnson in various r;peeches
and the objectives set out by Hanoi on
April 12. He found that on three out of four
stated objectives both sides were in sub-
stantial agreement:
On the right of the people of South Viet-
nam to have a government of their own
choosing without violence - or coercion from
any quarter.
On the right of the people of North and
South Vietnam, on the basis of a peaceful,
free, and verified plebiscite, to decide
whether to unite or not to unite the two
halves of the country.
On the desirability of having all foreign
bases and troops removed from both South
and North Vietnam after peace is restored.
Either side might phrase these conditions
of peace in different terms, but basically
each is saying the same thing. This is why
MANSFIELD says he sees a narrowing of the
issues and hopes that his effort to narrow
the dispute will show Hanoi that there is a
basis for early negotiation.
A wide difference does exist on one objec-
tive: Hanoi wants the Communist Vietcong
to have a decisive or major role in any gov-
ernment in South Vietnam and the govern-
ment of South Vietnam doesn't want any
part of the Vietcong. That's what the war
is all about. We're prepared to leave this
issue to the verified decision of the people
of South Vietnam-if Hanoi is.
The MANSFIELD speech did two other
things,:
For the United States it closed off the most
serious chink in the unity of the Democratic
Party in support of the President's military
actions in Vietnam. MANSFIELD has been a
partial critic and, more recently, a reluctant
advocate of the President's course. His
latest speech shows that Hanoi might as well
give up its hope that disunity within the
United States will force the Government to
stop defending South Vietnam.
For Hanoi, the MANSFIELD speech might
add credibility to Mr. Johnson's repeated
willingness to negotiate. The Communists
22085
have been saying that the President's talk
of peace was only a cover-up for his desire
for war. Not true.
And MANSFIELD, speaking as one who op-
posed the air raids to the north, makes the
peace overtures even more meaningful.
GOOD START FOR HEAD START
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the
brickbats continue to fly at the anti-
poverty program in spite of an impressive
and heartwarming record of accomplish-
ment.
Seldom have we had a domestic pro-
gram designed to help people escape
from the chains of ignorance that bind
them to poverty like Operation Head
Start. Little children, who otherwide
would, in many cases, have faced a life-
time of difficulty, just because schooling
and the facilities of our culture were so
strange to them, are going to have a real
chance. Not just a few such children,
Mr. President, but half a million of them.
This program has been a smashing
success, one of which all American can
be proud.
I ask unanimous consent to have an
article analyzing the program published
in Sunday's New York Times, entitled
"Education: Good Start for Head Start"
printed in the RECORD. - -
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
EDUCATION: GOOD START FOR HEAD START
(By Fred M. Hechinger)
The United States last week took a historic
step toward the extension of school by at
least 2 years, beginning at age 3 or 4 in-
stead of the traditional 5 or 6. This may be
the eventual effect of President Johnson's
announcement that Project Head Start, in-
troduced this year as a short-term summer
program for underprivileged youngsters, will
be turned into a permanent part of the edu-
cational system.
The Head Start summer project, which
ended a week ago, was attended by nearly
560,000 children at 13,400 centers in 2,500
communities. It provided an introduction
to group activities, art, music, books,
and speaking skills and stressed various
aspects of getting ready for school. It of-
fered free lunches and medical checkups.
A preliminary report showed that 70 per-
cent of a large sample of children had their
first medical and dental examination during
the project. In one center, at Tampa, Fla.,
12 tubercular cases were found and 50
youngsters were found to have nutritional
deficiencies.
Dr, Vera John, of Yeshiva University, said
that visits to 14 centers in New York, South
Dakota, and California showed the most
striking result to be the involvement of par-
ents from minority groups.
A New York staff member commented on
the openness of the project. "Mothers came
with baby carriages," she said. She added
that, in addition to an official ratio of one
professional teacher for every 15 children,
there was a huge support force of aids, teen-
agers, college students, and volunteers.
"How can I go back to my crowded class-
room after this?" was a typical question
among the teachers in the project.
The original program is a form of educa-
tional lifesaving. President Johnson de-
scribed it as the path of hope for young-
sters who had been "on the road to despair."
But the extension of preschool education
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
 22086
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -.- SENATE September 7, 1965
beyond the summer, as a continuing, all-
year operation, is probably the prelude to
a change in the school-starting age.
This is not as revolutionary as it sounds.
The children of the well-to-do and of many
child-oriented, middle-class families already
attend private nursery schools, at least from
age four. With the children of the poor
now also going to school, the majority of
middle- and lower middle-class parents will
soon expect the same opportunities for their
children.
The reasons for the lowering of the school
age are not the same for all segments of so-
ciety. Today children with a comfortable
home environment are exposed from infancy
to a variety of educational influences. Few
educators appreciate the change brought
about by television. The around-the-
clock impact of words illustrated by
pictures is. to the old reading and learn-
ing "readiness" exercises what a space ship
is to the horsedrawn carriage.
NARROWING THE GAP
In addition, today there are more college-
trained parents than there were high-school-
graduated families at the turn of the cen-
tury. The result is much conscious or un-
witting home-teaching at an early age.
This widens the gap between the affluent
majority and the disadvantaged minorities.
Head Start was a last-minute-effort to help
deprived youngsters to make that gap less
forbidding. The permanent preschool pro-
gram, which is already being tested on a
small scale by some communities, including
New York, and which the President's an-
nouncement turned into a regular adjunct to
schooling, aims at narrowing the gap sys-
tematically before going into formal school-
ing.
A major element in such instruction would
be to give slum children verbal facility and
the security that comes from contact with
sympathetic adults in a friendly setting.
These are prerequisites both for mastery of
such academic skillsas reading and. writing
and for the acquisition of social skills which
replace aggressive and destructive behavior.
For privileged and underprivileged chil-
dren alike, much of the preschool experience
is an effort to teach self-centered little ani-
mals how to function as individuals as well
as members of a group.
These considerations were undoubtedly in
the minds of the educational experts who
persuaded President Johnson to take quick
post-Head Start steps. These steps are:
1. To establish all-year centers for dis-
advantaged children from the age of 3,
with an expected enrollment of 350,000 needy
children in the coming school year and many
more within the next 5 years.
2. To offer summer programs for those who
are not included In the year-around centers.
3. To initiate a follow-through program
for the -Head Start children, including home
visits, special tutoring, and a careful observa-
tion throughout the first grade. For this
purpose, Head Start teachers have prepared
reports on every child, to be given to the
first grade teacher.
The official enthusiasm over the preschool
program is understandable at a time when
the social dynamite of the Negro slums must
be defused. Faith in education as the great
social healer is deeply rooted in the American
philosophy. It is a - faith proven justified
again and again-from the night school for
immigrants to the impact of the land-grant
colleges.
But many experts, including some who are
deeply committed to preschool education, are
troubled by potential confusion between hu-
mane hopes and excessive claims.
President Johnson said that Head Start,
"which began as an experiment, has been
battle-tested-and it has been proven
worthy." But in the view of many experts
the question which has not been "battle-
tested" is how the preschool experience can
be so intensified that it will wipe out handi-
caps of deprivation, not momentarily but
permanently. There is already some experi-
mental evidence that children, who have had
preschool opportunities, backslide again rap-
idly in second and third grade unless highly
skilled teachers can continue to guide them
and their families.
Dr. Bernice Fleiss, early childhood con-
sultant to New York's operation, said: "Many
of the children at the beginning of the sum-
mer did not know the names of parts of
their body-or even their own name. Now,
they know not only what their chin is, but
who they are. They have an enlarged knowl-
edge the world around them and the desire
to learn more this coming fall."
But this also implies how important it
is that the world around these children-in
and out of school-be changed so that it
will not wipe out short-term gains through
long-term futility.
Preschool experts warn privately-they do
not want to curb the enthusiasm for the es-
sentially sound movement-that the only way
to avert disillusionment, after a head start of
hope, is to grasp the magnitude of ,the task,
They call for more pretesting of children
than has been possible,in the first, hastily
planned round.
More important, they warn that local com-
munities, States, and the Federal Govern-
ment ought to prepare the public for the
extent of the cost in personnel and operations
that must be invested if preechooling is to be
more than a flash of hope.
For example, New York City had a head
start enrollment of about 27,000 this summer.
But its year-round preschool experiment had,
after 2 years grown only to 7,000. During the
summer regular teachers and college students
are readily available and school facilities are
otherwise largely unused.
Yet many communities have not even be-
gun to provide kindergartens in the regular
school structure.
The chronic ills of the schools have largely
resulted from large classes. What if head
start graduates move into such classes?
Last week, as Head Start's success was
hailed, a less enthusiastic report was issued
on a related enterprise-"Higher Horizons."
Introduced in 1959 in some of New York's
slum schools and hailed throughout the
country, the enrichment program appears in-
creasingly to have relied on Its slogan and
publicity value-without the support in
funds and staffing that gave it promise as a
well-funded pilot project.
"School is a place that families have begun
to trust as an institution for the first time,"
said a consultant to the New York Head Start
program last week.
If this implied criticism of the regular
school system is justified, then the optimism.
based on preliminary head start reports will
have to be tempered by concern over the
total task of education ahead.
VIEWS ON PROGRAM
An official report on Head Start last week
included these comments:
A teacher in Kiln, Miss.: "The Negroes and
whites are working beautifully together."
From a consultant's report: "There's not
too much difference between little Phillip
who * * * had to climb a narrow, steep foot-
path each day (in New Mexico) and then be
driven 25 miles to his first Head Start class
and Manuel, the tiny Puerto Rican boy who
came to his first class stark naked except for
his pencil and notebook."
A parent-coordinator in New York: "We
have made more progress in 6 weeks than we
have been able to make with parents in 4
years."
RISING ENROLLMENTS
The U.S. Office of Education predicted last
month that school enrollments will set an-
other record. Last week similar projections
were made by the Roman Catholic parochial
schools.
Out of a total public and private ele-
mentary school attendance of 35,900,000 the
parochial schools expect to account for
4,593,000 children, a 1 percent gain over last
year.
The Roman Catholic high schools project a
1,124,000 enrollment and a gain of 3.4 percent
over the previous year. The Nation's total
high school enrollment, public and private,
for 1965-66 Is set at 12,900,000.
RICKOVER ASKS TEACHERS STAY
IN TEACHING
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, a
great breath of fresh air has been blown
into American education by Adm. Hyman -
Rickover, that iconoclastic devotee of
education, who has so persuasively de-
plored the terrible tendency of educators
to get lost in the forms, procedures, and
mechanics of education, and to forget the
basic life of the mind-the great human
culture on which our progress is based
and on which our future depends.
Ralph McGill recently discussed this
Rickover contribution in a recent column.
Mr. McGill points to the recent Rickover
testimony calling attention to the conse-
quences of Government and industry
taking professors out of teaching and
into Government or industrial work,
which exacerbates an already serious
shortage.
I ask unanimous consent to have Mr.
McGill's column, entitled "Young Ge-
niuses Still Need Schools," printed in the
RECORD.
There being no abjection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
-Sept. 2, 19651
YOUNG GENIUSES STILL NEED SCHOOLS
(By Ralph McGill)
Henry Thoreau entered the following in his
journal of January 1, 1853:
"After talking with Uncle Charles the other
night about the worthies of the country,
Webster and the rest, as usual considering
who were geniuses and who not, I showed
him up to bed, and when I had got into bed
myself, I heard his chamber door open after
11 o'clock, and he called out in a stentorian
voice, loud enough to wake the house, `Henry.
Was John Quincy Adams a genius?' 'No. I
think not,' was my reply. 'Well, I didn't
think he was,' answered he."
Uncle Charles was satisfied, accepting the
word of his nephew--whom later generations
came to view as at least something of a ge-
nius. Time was when the popular concept
of a genius was that of a more or less eccen-
tric person who invented something novel,
exciting, and useful.
But in our time the broadening of science
in our daily life, accelerated and underscored
by the marvels of the space age, has enabled
us to note that there are many geniuses
about. Indeed, a large majority of the stu-
dents admitted to such an institution as the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology may
be described accurately as young geniuses.
Demands of science, industry, and the hu-
manities, however, have revealed a need for
educational reform in method and curricu-
lum in the elementary and secondary grades.
The already serious shortage of teachers is
sure to be at a critical point in our colleges
and universities by 1970 or sooner.
Adm. Hyman Rickover, an admitted critic
of American education, provided testimony
at hearings on the Higher Education Act of
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140023-9