CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300140004-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: October 20, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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October 20, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
commission a study of the business and Mr. Arthur Ross, executive vice president
financial, laws of Greece and Turkey, with and managing director, Central National
the objective of a conference of leading Corp., New York City.
lawyers and legal scholars to see whether Mr. Francis S. Scafuro,_ vice president,
cooperation here would be fruitful. Bank of America, New York City.
All these are avenues to be explored. Some Mr. Spyros Skouras, chairman of the board,
may prove to be blind alleys; but progress in Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp., New
the short time during which the project has York City.
been underway is highly encouraging. Mr. Charles C. Tillinghast, Jr., president,
There is one final thought I would like to Trans-World Airlines, New York City.
express. That is that on all sides we have Adm. John M. Will, U.S. Navy, retired,
been cautioned not to be impant, to recog- president and chairman of the board, Amer-
nine that feasibility studies t e time, that ican Export and Isbrandtsen Lines, New
.specific results will be slow, th t the conse- York City.
quences of our efforts will be measured over Mr. Sidney H. Willner, vice president and
a long and not a short period of time. And general counsel, Hilton Hotels International,
_ _. __ th
h
TT
York City
w
o
w
project. JAVITS NAMES SEYMOUR RUBIN AS EXECUTIVE
We recognize that the results, in some DIRECTOR OF GREEK-TURKISH ECONOMIC CO-
senses, will show up only in some years. OPERATION PROJECT-ALBERT ZIIMBIEHL OF
This has been known from the beginning. FRANCE Is EUROPEAN DIRECTOR
At the same time, we hope to be able to The appointment of Seymour J. Rubin,
present quite specific results in a relatively former U.S. Minister to the Development As-
short time. Some ` of these will be feast- sistance Committee and prominent Wash-
bility studies and recommendations. Some ington attorney, as Executive Director of
of these will be the establishment of better the Greek-Turkish Economic Cooperation
means of communication, of liaison groups, project was announced today by Senator
for example. Some will be the creation of JACOB K. JAVITS. Senator JAVrrs Is Chairman
ways and means of implementing study of the Special Committee on Developing
recommendations. NATO Countries of the NATO Parliamen-
But the most important result is already, tarians' Conference, which is sponsoring the
here and now, tangible. This is the demon- project.
strated ability of businessmen, scholars and Announced as European Director of the
others from Greece and Turkey to work to- project was Albert Zumblehl of Paris, for-
gether, with the encouragement of this proj- merly a member of the OECD Business and
ect, toward the solution of their mutual Industry Advisory Committee and an in-
problems of economic development. That ternational financial expert.
result, as I say, is already a fact. It must Principal offices for the project will be in
be extended and nude more specific. But Washington, with European offices at the
it is clear that It exists, and that the work Atlantic Institute in Paris.
due until now confirms its existence. In making the announcement, Senator
I thus feel that we can, on the record, be JAVITS said: "Mr. Rubin's decision to take
pleased with the establishment of the Spe- on this important assignment is a giant step
cial Committee of which I have the honour forward in developing participation of the
to be Chairman. I can appropriately com- public and private sectors in Western Eu-
mend My Vice Chairmen, our esteemed col- rope, the United States, Canada, and other
leagues, Messrs. Gulek and Spanorrigas, and countries in economic cooperation between
to other members of the Special Committee, Greece and Turkey. With his expertise in
the Executive and European Directors, international finance and his working knowl-
Messrs. Rubin and Zumbiehl, and I can jus- edge of international organizations, Mr. Ru-
tifiably express a certain confidence for the bin has excellent qualifications to direct this
future. project. The European Director, Albert Zum-
CONTRIBUTIONS TO GREEK-TURKISH PROJECT btehl, also brings great experience and ac-
D, S. and R. N. Gettesman Foundation, complishment in international economic co-
$5,000 (have pledged $10,000), March 1965. operation to this assignment. Economic co-
Arthur and Gloria Ross Foundation, $1,000, operation on a specific project basis between
March 1965. Greece and Turkey is logical, can be most
U.S. Freight Co., $2,000, April-August 1965. beneficial to the people of each country, and
Soconoy-Mobil Oil Co., $5,000, August 1965. can inaugurate a historic movement in bi-
Pfizer International Inc., $1,000, August national cooperation."
The committee to oversee the Greek-Turk-
1965.
Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp., $500, ish economic cooperation project- was set up
26669
Turkey. A native of Chicago, Mr. Rubin
graduated magna cum laude from Harvard
Law School and served in a number of Gov-
ernment posts until 1948, when he returned
to private practice of law.
Since then Mr. Rubin has been frequently
appointed by the Government to undertake
special missions. He served as chief of the
NATO Tax Delegation in 1951-52, with the
personal rank of Minister; was Deputy Ad-
ministrator of the Mutual Defense Assistance
Control Act in 1952-53; and was a con-
sultant in connection with the Hoover
Commission Report on Foreign Aid and the
task force on the same subject set up in
1961. He was named by President Kennedy
as a public member of the Commission on
International 'Rules of Judicial Procedure,
and was nominated by the President and
confirmed by the Senate as General Counsel
of the International Cooperation Administra-
tion and the Agency for International De-
velopment in 1961. He also served in 1982
as personal representative of the President to
Bolivia, with the rank of Special Ambassador.
Mr. Zumbiehl, 45, was with the French
Ministry of Finance from 1945 to 1955. Since
then, he has directed important aspects of
the international finance relations of a
major French aluminum and nonferrous
metals firm. Mr. Zumbiehl has also been a
member of the Business and Industry Ad-
visory Committee of the OECD.
A SYMBOL OF WELCOME
AT HAWAII
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, the
Statue of Liberty on Liberty Island has
long marked this Nation's eastern gate-
way to the land of liberty and freedom
and has come to symbolize our democ-
racy throughout the world.
Mr. John Barovich, vice president of
the Computer Programers Association in
Honolulu recently suggested that a me-
morial of similar significance be erected
in Honolulu, our Nation's western gate-
way, as a symbol of welcome to our Pa-
cific and Asian neighbors.
I believe that this suggestion is par-
ticularly timely in view of the passage of
the recent immigration Reform Act. I
feel confident that the people of Hawaii
would be most willing to support such a
project. I believe that Mr. Barovich's
suggestion is an excellent one and I wish
to call upon my colleagues for their views
and suggestions on this matter.
CIVIL DEMONSTRATIONS AGAINST
U.S. POLICY IN VIETNAM
Mr. FANNIN. Mr. President, there
are no words strong enough to express
my personal contempt for those cow-
ardly young people who demonstrate
against their country and our national
security.
They would be pathetic and unworthy
of attention were it not for the fact that
others are fighting and dying to preserve
the freedom these inconsiderate and un-
grateful people are abusing.
There may be some among this con-
fused group who have been misled by
Communists or unprincipled traitors,
and because of their irresponsibility do
not recognize what they are doing. If
they are students, as some of them claim
to be, then it is obvious they never stud-
ied American history.
If they devoted as much time on his-,
tory books as they have in their dis-
Singer Co. Foundation, $250, September. with Senator JAVITS as Chairman, Alexander
Ford Foundation, $150,000, April 1965. Spanorigas, member Of the Parliament of
Total, $166,250, September 21, 1965. Greece and Deputy Minister of Commerce,
and Kasim Gulek, member of the Turkish
MEMBERS or OF U.S. ADVISORY GROUP FOR National Assembly as cochairmen. With as-
. RKISH PROJECT sistance from the Ford Foundation and con-
Mr. John B. Arnold, senior vice president, from major American corpora
Bank, New York City. tions, the project has already researched pos-
First Mr. Amory National City Bradford, consultant to the sibilities for joint Greek-Turkish ventures
Ford Foundation, New York City. that would economically benefit both na-
.
Mr. tTom B. Coughran, , executive City. pros- tions.
similar project initiated by Senator
en
idMr.. Bank Richard rd America, New York City. JAVITS in 1962 led to the establishment of
inc., New Fenton, president,
City. nt, Pfizer the Atlantic Community Development Group
ter r C.
In Mr for Latin America (ADELA), a private, multi-
r. Morris City. president, U.S. Freight national investment organization now
Go., New York ork City. channeling equity capital to Latin American
Mr. George F. James, senior vice president, private enterprise on a partnership basis
Socony-Mobil Oil Co., New York City. with local businessmen. -
Mr. Henry W. Manville, vice president, Mr. Rubin, 51, was U.S. Representative to
the Singer Co., New York City. the Development Assistance Committee of
Mr. tobert R. Mathews, senior vice press- the Organization for Economic Cooperation
dent, American Express Co., New York City, and Development until January 1964. Dur-
Mr. It L: Nathan, vice president, Parsons ing 1962 and 1963, he was the U.S. member
& Whittemore, Inc., New York City. of the OECD Consortia on Greece and
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE October
graceful demonstrations, they , might
have learned something about how this
Nation won and maintained freedom.
Liberty never has been and cannot
now be preserved by crawling meekly be-
fore international bullies or power-mad
dictators. We have freedom today for
all Americans, even a misguided minor-
ity, because millions were willing to fight
for it yesterday.
Nothing of value in all recorded his-
tory has ever been achieved or preserved
without sacrifice. Those who are un-
willing to fulfill their patriotic, duty as
Americans most assuredly do not de-
serve to enjoy the benefits made avail-
able by the responsible citizens of this
Nation.
As for those few ingrates who actually
have destroyed their draft cards, I hope
they will be prosecuted swiftly and
punished severely. The law of this Con-
gress making such activity a Federal
offense is one which I supported whole-
heartedly.
ECONOMIC INEQUITIES
Mr. MORTON. Mr. President, poor
living conditions and solidified unem-
ployment plague part of my home State
of Kentucky, as they plague parts of
some neighboring States. This is not a
cause for despair, but it certainly is a
real cause for positive analysis of the
elements of employment as such. Un-
less we know the economic and social in-
gredients of total employment, no
amount of Government pump, priming
is going to rid us of the one and only
reason for poverty. That sole reason, of
course, is unemployment.
It may sound odd to say simply that
unemployment is the result of low em-
ployment. I submit to the Senate, how-
ever, that this is the real starting point
in any solution of unemployment. _ We
have been getting out of bed on the
wrong side, and we have started the pov-
erty program off on the wrong foot.
Instead of analyzing the vacuum of
unemployment, we must analyze con-
crete employment. The first is a nega-
tive approach, but the second is a posi-
tive approach. If we can label, isolate,
and measure the various elements that
comprise total employment, then we can
strengthen the weak elements and ignore
the strong ones.
But no, we do not operate this way.
Instead, .we throw billions of dollars Into
one vacuum after another when we
could easily spend only a fraction of the
poverty program moneys to find out just
where we are weak and where we are
strong. This would be positive economic
analysis, a type of work that apparently
is quite foreign to the minds of the Pres-
ident's Council of Economic Advisers.
If a businessman is forced by law to
sell his output below the cost of produc-
tion, then I say that law produces an
economic Inequity. The businessman
goes broke; and we as a national econ-
omy are worse off because of it.
This is an obvious example, indeed,
but there are many economic inequities
In this land of ours that are not so obvi-
ous. In fact, some of them even _ look
pretty good. One dandy-looking eco-
nomic inequity of hideous proportions is
the so-called poverty program that I
mention and that is eating away the Na-
tion's economic profit. This disjointed,
political program Is marching east on a
train moving west. We are spending bil-
lions of dollars that represent the real
wealth of the,economy to keep the train
moving and the marchers marching.
The trouble with this extravagant in-
equity is that nobody is going anywhere.
But that is not all there is to it, for our
national economy is going somewhere
because of it. That somewhere is down,
way down.
The thoughts I have expressed here to-
day were brought to mind by a news-
paper article published recently in Har-
lan County, Ky. As most of you know,
Harlan County long has been beset by
unemployment of the worst and most
protracted kind. The article was writ-
ten by Mr. William D. Pardridge, whom
many of us in the Senate know as the
author of the newspaper series entitled
"Economic Inequities."
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the article entitled "Education,
Not the Dole, Is Said Harlan County's
Hope," written by William D. Pard-
ridge and published October 14, 1965, in
the Harlan, Ky., Daily Enterprise, be
printed at this point in the REco".
There being no objection, the article
as follows:
[From the Harlan (Ky.) Daily Enterprise,
Oct. 14, 19651
AN ECONOMIC INEQIrIY: EDUCATION, NOT THE
DOLE, IS SAID HARLAN COUNTY'S HOPE
(EDrroR's NOTE.-The author of the follow-
ing article, William D. Pardridge, is a former
editor of the Washington publication, Air
Affairs. He has been working on a doctorate
degree in economics at the University of
Chicago, but left to spend 9 months writing
a series of 50 articles on "economic inequi-
ties." This is one of the articles in the
series, which is to be published in book
form next year.)
(By William D. Pardrldge)
Man-made economic inequities sometimes
become economic iniquities.
Poverty is one of them.
Lack of education Is another.
They are iniquitous because they tend to
beget themselves as their carriers beget chil-
dren.
Face it. No amount of bootstrap Gov-
ernment financing is going to get rid of pov-
erty. Jobs come from business and industry,
not from Washington executive orders.
And remember that personal education
and personal employment do not go hand
in hand. Youngsters must be members of
the student body, not the labor force. At
early ages, kids and teenagers cannot be
both, and membership in neither is worst of
all.
Jut what is an economic inequity? It is
an ogre of the materialistic world, like the
devil is of another.
SALES TAX IS INEQUITABLE
Economic inequities are caused by laws
that are enacted for willful political gain
by legislative bodies completely ignorant of
economic principles. They are shrouded with
good intentions.
One vicious inequity is the sales tax. This
monster reduces the purchasing power of the
poor in order to raise public revenues for the
not-so-poor, the not-poor-at-all, and the
rich.
20, 1965
The iniquitous nature of the sales tax is
that it seems to be so small. But small
also are the bacteria that gradually rot your
teeth.
All governments, local, State, and Federal,
continually want to raise public revenues for
ever larger social responsibilities that bring
home the political bacon.
But every dime of such expenditures is
axed off the general economic health of the
Nation.
Take two extreme examples of govern-
mental social responsibilities that cost real
economic wealth.
WON'T RISK POCKETBOOK
Police protection is undeniably the re-
sponsibility of public bodies.
Our free economic way of life that helped
produce the miraculous American political
system, as did the latter system itself also
yield that productive way of life, is based
upon private property and the safeguarding
of the individual's life and limb.
Police protection is a legitimate public
expense. Even here a social Inequity, not
economic, appears when policemen-and fire-
men-are paid wages so low that this liveli-
hood has never become the profession of
respected trade or craft it certainly is.
The citizenry is quick to demand and
order a policeman to risk his life arresting
an armed maniac, but the stingy homeowner
is reluctant to risk his pocketbook. Let's you
and him fight, he says.
Far, far away from police protection Is that
economically grotesque social responsibility
known as the farm pork barrel, the system
that artifically regulates crop acreage and
determines agricultural prices.
All this is done in a Washington smoke-
filled room instead of at the grocery store
counter.
A MAMMOTH INEQUITY
Across this land there are farmers who
don't farm, farmers who regularly receive
free Government checks, all the while low-
income people pay taxes to increase food
prices so that they'll have less money to pay
for shoes.
If you think this makes economic sense,
you're an idiot.
This whole tax structure is a mammoth
inequity.
The near-rich and the rich have so many
tax loopholes that the graduated income tax
is a joke.
The wage earners pay Income taxes, for in-
stance, to send Midwest wheat to Communist
Russia in foreign-flag ships. And the State
Department thinks this Is great.
Any poverty in Harlan County is not the
fault of the people. It is caused by techno-
logical advances and by a flow of economic
change that sometimes goes around your
land and my land.
The remedies for such natural hardships
are not gigantic economic inequities like sec-
ond-generation dole, like handouts to non-
farming farmers, like expensive job training
for jobs that are too few.
The remedy is the good riddance of all eco-
nomic inequities and the pronouncement of
an economic equity based on the rights and
the freedoms of the individual-the business-
man, the wage earner, the housewife.
Poverty, never forget, is caused only by a
lack of employment and a lack of employ-
ment is caused only by the job and the
worker not coming to terms with each other.
Jobs change relentlessly to more and more
complicated technological, skilled duties.
Vocational education, not the world's
greatest government handout, is the answer
to these changes that man cannot stop.
The economic plenty that once was Amer-
ica can be returned to Harlan County by
having two schools on every street corner.
One school is for the boys and girls who
don't know what they want to be,, except they
don't want to be jellyfish.
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October 20, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I offer
a motion.
The Clerk read as follows:
Mr. WHITTEN moves that the House re-
cede from its disagreement to the amend-
ment of the Senate numbered 27 and concur
therein with an amendment, as follows:
In lieu of the matter inserted by said
amendment, insert the following: ", of
which $20,000,000 shall be derived from
amounts appropriated under this head for
the previous fiscal year, which amount shall
be transferred to and merged with this
appropriation."
The motion was agreed to.
The SPEAKER. The Clerk will re-
port the next amendment in disagree-
ment.
The Clerk read as follows:
Amendment No. 55. Page 3>3, line 5, strike
out "$750,000" and insert "$1,500,000".
Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, at this
point I yield myself such time as I may
require. and yield to the distinguished
gentleman from Texas, the chairman of
the Committee on Appropriations, and
one of the conferees.
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
commend the gentleman from Missis-
sippi [Mr. WHITTEN] and the gentleman
from Illinois [Mr. MICHEL] and the en-
tire subcommittee for the good work they
have done on this very difficult bill.
May I call special attention to the fol-
lowing language in the statement of the
managers :
The conferees, wish to reaffirm the state-
ments contained in both House and Senate
committee reports which call on the Depart-
ment to retain present practices concerning
skip-row planting of cotton. They agree that
the elimination of such practice would in-
crease production costs and would fail to
utilize the results of extensive research in
this area by the Department.
With new farm legislation just enacted,
and with the many new problems related
thereto, the conferees also agree that no
changes should be made in prior year agricul-
tural conservation program practices which
would tend to increase costs of farm produc-
tion. Any changes from the 1965 practices
should be made only where requested by the
local county committee and approved by the
State committee. The committee recom-
mends that full and complete information be
submitted in the congressional hearings be-
fore changes in practices are proposed in the
future.
I wish to join Mr. WHITTEN, chairman
of the subcommittee in insisting that the
Department follow the statement of the
managers in the foregoing matters.
The skip-row practice to which refer-
ence has been made is absolutely vital in
certain areas of the Cotton Belt and the
agricultural conservation program is vital
to farmers throughout the Nation.
Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I offer
a motion.
The Clerk read as follows:
Mr. WHrrr> N moves that the House recede
from its disagreement to the amendment of
the Senate numbered 55 and concur therein
with an amendment, as follows:
In lieu of the matter stricken out and
inserted by said amendment, insert the fol-
lowing: "$1,500,000, of which $250,000 shall
be available .solely for preparation and sub-
mission of the final report and complete and
final liquidation of the Commission's activi-
ties not later than June 30, 1966."
No. 196-27
The motion was agreed to.
A motion to reconsider the votes by
which action was taken on the confer-
ence report and on the several motions
was laid on the table.
(Mr. WHITTEN asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks on the conference report and in-
clude certain tables.)
GENERAL LEAVE TO EX'T'END
Mr. WHITTEN, Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
may have 5 legislative days in which to
extend their remarks on the bill, H.R:
8370.
The SPEAKER. Without objection, it
is so ordgMed.
Thergo/was no objection.
DO NOT LIKE DEMONSTRATIONS
(Mr. SIKES asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute, and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, it was an
extremely disagreeable thing to me to
see the recent wave of demonstrations
against U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
America has been shamed by the spec-
tacle of organized treason and blatant
cowardice which 'we have witnessed. It
should be obvious that nationwide dem-
onstrations do not just happen. There
is careful planning and organization
back of it, and certainly it is Commu-
nist inspired. The press has played up
pictures of young punks tearing up or
burning draft cards. This sort of thing
is encouraged by half-baked professors
and Communist sympathizers, as well as
by professional agitators.
Fortunately, such demonstrations in-
volve an extremely small percentage of
college students, but they make noise and
attract attention. I am highly gratified
to note that the administration has or-
dered the FBI to crack down on the ring-
leaders. The right of peaceful assembly
envisions responsible and loyal Ameri-
cans assembled together in righteous in-
dignation against the elements of op-
pression and injustices; not a lot of
crackpots who have little comprehen-
sion of world problems or American re-
sponsibilities. America needs a solid
and unified front before the world. We
cannot allow the American image to be
dimmed and distorted by spectacles such
as we have witnessed.
More than a crackdown is needed. We
should be witnessing a tremendous out-
pouring of patriotism from the campuses
of the Nation. University officials should
be leading a crusade for America to give
students an opportunity to show that
the very great majority of them are sin-
cere and patriotic young Americans who
love this country and who refuse to be
involved in the things we have witnessed.
RESTORE RENT SUPPLEMENTS
(Mr. BARRETT asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his re-
marks, and include a letter sent to the
committee.)
Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, I was
most pleased to see the editorial in yes-
terday's New York Times urging the
Senate Appropriations Committee to re-
store the full $30 million in rent sup-
plement payments requested by the ad-
ministration. The editorial reads as fol-
lows:
RESTORE RENT SUBSIDIES
In a surprise move, the House last week
voted to kill the funds needed to start-the
new rent subsidy program for low-income
families. The House Appropriations Com-
mittee had already reduced the figure far
below the administration's request. Since
the House had its opportunity to vote on the
substantive merits of the program when it
approved the housing bill, it was irrespon-
sible and demagogic for opponents to exploit
a vote on a routine money bill in order to
reverse that decision.
We urge the Senate Appropriations Com-
mittee to restore the full $30 million re-
quested by the administration. Rent sub-
sidies are a promising innovation. They
deserve a full and fair trial.
Mr. Speaker, the adoption of the Har-
vey amendment on the House floor last
Thursday was most regrettable. Despite
the fact that the House early in the year
in a close battle had worked its will to
authorize a rent supplement program
and despite the further fact that the Ap-
propriations Committee had drastically
slashed the $30 million authorization for
the first year to $6 million, the foes of
this promising new program were able
to mount a successful ambush.
The ammunition used by the support-
ers of the Harvey amendment was drawn
from preliminary regulations issued by
the agency which were purely tentative
and distributed for discussion purposes
and to stimulate early interest from pro-
spective sponsors The members of the
House will recall certain hypothetical
"horror cases" the opposition dreamed
up to argue that the benefits of the rent
supplement program could in some cases
go to families with very substantial
assets.
Mr. Speaker, I would like to stress to
my colleagues in the House on both sides
of the aisle that because of apparent mis-
understanding or misinterpretation these
purely tentative regulations have in ef-
fect been withdrawn and I am confident
they will be revised to make certain that
the benefits of the rent supplement pro-
gram are available only to families and
individuals in the public housing income
group and will rule out those with any
substantial amounts of liquid assets.
The attached letter sent on Monday by
the FHA Commissioner clearly empha-
sizes the tentative and preliminary na-
ture of the original regulations and that
substantial revisions will be made before
they are issued in final form.
Mr. Speaker, it is my deepest hope that
the Senate will be able to restore a sub-
stantial amount of funds to launch the
rent supplement program and that the
final conference report will contain such
funds. This program which would har-
ness the resources of private enterprise
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE October 20, 1965
and private capital to provide housing
for ]low-income families is a crucial part
of President Johnson's attack on urban
problems and the Congress must not let
him down.
The letter follows:
FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION,
Washington, D.C., October 18, 1965.
To: All approved mortgagees.
Subject: Rent supplement program.
In the rent supplement program letter
65-11 which was distributed on September
28, 1965, it was emphasized that the material
was being supplied so that preliminary dis-
cussions could be held with sponsors and
other prospective participants. It also was
to afford an opportunity for review within
and outside the Agency so that the feasi-
bility of the requirements and procedures
could be reviewed and considered. This was
because the program cannot be made opera-
tive until funding is authorized.
None of the distributed regulations or
procedures should be considered as effective
or governing. As a result of comment and
suggestions received, appropriate revisions
will be made to strengthen various provi-
sions. In the event funding is provided the
necessary regulations and instructions will
be issued in final form.
Sincerely,
PHILIP N. BROWNSTEIN,
Commissioner.
SOVIET UNION PRACTICING A POL-
ICY OF ANTI-SEMITISM
(Mr. PARBSTEIN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, for
some time now we have been aware that
the Soviet Union, despite its denials, has
been practicing-consciously and delib-
erately-a policy of anti-Semitism. We
have been uncertain about its reasons,
although it would seem clear that Mos-
cow is seeking to impose a terrible uni-
fonnity upon its citizens, while at the
same time currying favor with the Arab
countries. This week there occurred at
the United Nations an incident which,
in my view, exposes to the entire world
the Soviet Union's hypocrisy. I see no
means now for Moscow to deny that it
has embraced the heinous doctrines that
it fought so well in the war that ended
only 20 years ago.
I am proud that in performing an act
of great righteousness our own Govern-
ment exposed the Soviet hypocrisy. On
October 8, the United. States introduced
an amendment to the draft convention
on the elimination of all forms of racial
discrimination. The U.S. amendment
reads:
States parties condemn anti-Semitism and
shall take action as appropriate for its speedy
eradication in the territories subject to its
jurisdiction.
It was, not easy, Mr. Speaker, for the
United States to introduce that amend-
ment. There are many countries be-
sides the Soviet Union that do not sym-
pathize with efforts to erase an-'-
Selnitism from the earth. Political ex-
pediency might have demanded that the
United States remain silent. That we
did not remain silent merits the com-
mendation of this House. The United
States took a courageous stand.
I might note that, once it was sub-
mitted, the Arab countries did put pres-
sure on the United States to withdraw
the amendment. These countries rarely
miss an opportunity to fan the flames of
anti-Semitic hatred. But the United
States stood firm. Ambassador Goldberg
personally assured me that we will not
withdraw our proposal, but will, on the
contrary, do everything possible to press
its consideration to a successful conclu-
sion.
But barely had the United States in-
troduced its amendment when the So-
viet Union sought to change it. I read
the text of the alternate Soviet pro-
posal :
States parties condemn anti-Semitism,
zionism, nazism, neo-nazism and all other
forms of the policy and ideology of colonial-
ism, national and race hatred and exclusive-
ness and shall take action as appropriate for
the speedy eradication of those inhuman
ideas and practices in the territories subject
to their jurisdiction.
Can you imagine, Mr. Speaker, such
an outrage as the equation of zionism
with nazism and anti-Semitism? How
does the Soviet Union dare to make such
a shambles of honesty? How can it per-
petrate such a thought? What hypoc-
risy. One would have thought that even
the Soviet Union, in its unprincipled pur-
suit of political advantage, would have
been less shocking or, at the least, less
clumsy. Can there be any doubt in any-
.one's mind that the Soviet objective is
to assist the Arabs in their efforts to de-
stroy Israel? In mentioning zionism in
the same breath with nazism, the So-
viet Union surpassed even its own sorry
record of deceit.
I need not dwell for my colleagues on
the egregious effort to obscure truth. Let
me say simply that zionism is not, like
nazism, an expression of hate but an ex-
pression of love. It is not, like nazism,
a message of destruction but a measure of
construction. It does not, like nazism,
seek to debase a people but to exalt them.
It is not, like nazism, a philosophy of ne-
gation but of affirmation. Zionism is the
movement to restore the Jewish home-
land to the Jewish people. Its only re-
lation to nazism is in its attempt to re-
pair, in some measure, the wreckage that
nazism caused. Zionism, Mr. Speaker,
is-and I scarcely need say it-the very
antithesis of nazism.
The Soviet Union knows, of course,
what I have said to be true, but Moscow
is attempting to exploit anti-Semitism
both at home and now in the United
Nations, to extend its influence into
Africa and the Middle East. I am sure
that the United States has succeeded in
exposing its unworthy objectives for
what they are and for all to see. The
Soviet Union cares nothing about Jews
or about justice. To Moscow, Jews and
justice are merely tools to further its
ignoble end.
The Bolivian Government, to whom
we must all be grateful, took the initia-
tive in countering the -Soviet slander in
the United Nations. Bolivia moved to
amend the Soviet proposal to eliminate
the distasteful reference to zionism, while
retaining the noble thoughts in which
Moscow has hypocritically wrapped it. I
state the Bolivian text:
States . parties condemn anti-Semitism,
nazism, in all its forms and manifestations,
and all races involved in the policy and
ideology of colonialism, national and race
hatred and exclusiveness; and shall take ac-
tion as appropriate for the speedy eradica-
tion of those inhuman ideas and practices
in the territories subject to their jurisdiction.
I hope, Mr. Speaker, that the decent
peoples of the world will take note of the
Soviet Union's unprincipled deception.
I hope it casts doubt on the integrity of
that country and on its pretentions to
lead oppressed peoples around the world.
The Soviet Union's purpose was to ex-
ploit Jews to serve its national interest.
It would not hesitate to exploit any peo-
ples for that purpose. I think the events
which I have described at the United
Nations gives ample testimony to Mos-
cow's real aims and methods.
ANNUAL AWARDS BY CLEVELAND
CIVIC LEAGUE
(Mr. FEIGHAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, the
Cleveland Civic League held its first
annual civic award night banquet and
ball on October 15, 1965, at the Pick-
Carter Hotel. At an impressive cere-
mony the league paid honor to 11 Cleve-
landers for "Outstanding achievement in
community service."
Those honored were: Louis B. Seltzer,
editor of the Cleveland Press; our dis-
tinguished colleague, CHARLES VANIK,
who ably represents the 21st Congres-
sional District of Ohio; Lea Jackson, an
outstanding councilman on the Cleve-
land City Council; Judge Paul D. White
of the Cleveland Municipal Court; Helen
Lyons, clerk of the Cleveland Municipal
Court; State representative, Carl B.
Stokes; Dr. Kenneth Clement; Ellsworth
H. Harpole; John O. Holly; Joseph Polo,
and Harold Williams.
The purpose of these awards, in the
words of James W. Wilson, president of
the league, is "to encourage other citi-
zens to participate in civic activity in
Cleveland thereby elevating its stand-
ards to the level that we may be proud
to say, "Cleveland is the best location in
the Nation."
The success of self-government is de-
pendent upon citizen interest and par-
ticipation in the many phases of com-
munity activities. This is particularly
true in our large metropolitan centers
such as Cleveland. When citizen initia-
tive fails to encourage voluntary activi-
ties for the advancement of a commu-
nity one of two results follow. Either
government must take on more functions
that can best be accomplished by volun-
tary action, or the community falls be-
hind in meeting the challenges of prog-
ress. The Cleveland Civic League is dedi-
cated to a six-point civic program which
is aimed at encouraging maximum citi-
zen participation in the affairs of the
community.
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qualify for graduation, each of us would have
to master the "three R's" of reading,` writing
and arithmetic. "But,"' she continued, "I
hope you learn far more than that in my
classroom because, in order to achieve true
happiness and success in life, you 'will have
to master an additional set of 'R's,' the 'three
R's' of Americanism-reason, respect, and
responsibility."
Then she added, "You will also find that
there is a,fourth 'R' which is sacred to Amer-
rica. It is religion."
Today, there is a most urgent need for
Americans to rededicate themselves to the
strong moral principles upon which our Na-
tion was founded.
As Ralph Waldo Emerson said, "The true
test of civilization is not the census, nor the
size of cities, nor the crops-no, but the kind
of man the country turns out."
Faith dominated the atmosphere at In-
dependence Hall in Philadelphia where the
Declaration of Independence and the Con-
stitution were framed.
Faith is our mainstay in the ideological
struggle now raging between the camps of
God-less communism and human freedom.
And faith remains our strongest bulwark
against the criminal and subversive enemies
who would destroy our priceless heritage of
liberty and justice for all. But faith without
work will be of no avail-there must be unity
of purpose.
America will continue to progress in dig-
nity and freedom so long as. our people
cherish liberty and justice and truth and
honor God.
Faith in God. That is the fortress of free
men.
COMPULSORY UNION MEMBERSHIP
' Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, in the
October. 5 issue of the Chicago Daily
News appeared an article entitled "Union
Victory in Court Stirs Rights Issue,"
written by John M. Johnston. I quote
especially one sentence from Mr. Johns-
ton's article, in these prefatory re-
marks:
However, these union shop contracts were
originally sanctioned by the courts on the
representation that the only obligation im-
posed on the unwilling members was the
payment of dues. It was only fair, ran the
argument, that all workers in a plant should
share the cost of bargaining that presumably
benefited all.
The decision of the circuit court of ap-
peals in declaring that a union has a
right to fine a member for crossing a
picket line demonstrates, how far beyond
the original reasons given for the legiti-
union members
or
pul
f
m
cyl
y
s
com
o
a
the courts have gone.
I ask unanimous consent to have the
article referred to printed in the RECORD
at this point as a part of my remarks.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
UNION VICTORY IN COURT STIRS RIGHTS ISSUE
(By John M. Johnston)
A labor contract that requires employees
to join a union as a condition of keeping
their jobs can be called compulsory union-
ism, for the element of compulsion is clear.
The unions prefer to call this requirement a
"union security" clause, although it is not
clear why a union cannot be secure without
lassoing unwilling members. A neutral de-
scription is "union shop."
So, when the U.S. circuit court of appeals
here recently handed down an opinion in
which it cited; among the facts of the case,
the existence of a union security clause, you
got a good idea at once of how the decision
would fall.
And it did. The court upheld the right of
the United Auto Workers to fine members
who had crossed a picket line to work dur-
ing a strike. A footnote in the opinion im-
plied that the fines of $20' to $100 were
modest, since the union constitution pro-
vides for fines up to $100, and each crossing
of the picket line was a separate offense.
Now that the principle has been estab-
lished, unions need not be so restrained, and
a strikebreaker could be fined a ruinous
sum-and one collectible through the courts.
The opinion, written by Circuit Judge
Roger J. Kiley, gave the unions an exhilarat-
ing incidental bonus by its assertion that
"a union is a form of industrial government"
with its members having "duties * * * simi-
lar to those of citizens. In a democratic
society."
This is the contention the unions have
been making in the fight to repeal section
14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act. This section
permits the States, through right-to-work
laws, to prohibit these "union security" con-
tracts. But if unions are to be a form of
industrial government, no worker can be
exempt from their jurisdiction.
However, these union shop contracts were
originally sanctioned by the courts on the
representation that the only obligation im-
posed on the unwilling members was the pay-
ment of dues. It was only fair, ran the
argument, that all workers in a plant should
share the cost of bargaining that presumably
benefited all.
Now, however, unions have become a form
of government and can compel obedience to
the will of the majority by fines.
It seems to me that if a worker chooses
voluntarily to subject himself to union dis-
cipline by joining, he has no complaint at
beiing punished for violating the rules. But
an unwilling member, dragooned into the
union on the plea that he should help pay
for its bargaining, is deprived of due process
of law when he is subjected to fines.
The court asserted that unions must have
the power to fine members in. order to con-
trol wildcat strikes. Again, the argument
may be valid for voluntary members. But
a wildcat strike is in violation of contract,
is subject to injunction, and strikers could
be fired by their employer. No further union
club should be necessary.
The questions raised in this case are funda-
mental to the issue of repeal of 14(b) which
the U.S. Senate is considering this week. The
decision ought to be proof, enough that right-
to-work laws provide a basic protection for
the civiyrights of a minority.
NAM-ADDRESS BY GEN. HAROLD
K. JOHNSON
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, one of
the most encouraging reports which I
have heard in recent weeks on our mili-
tary operations in Vietnam is contained
in an address by Gen. Harold K. John-
son, Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, be-
fore the 22d annual luncheon meeting of
the National Security Industrial Asso-
ciation, October 7, in Washington.
General Johnson cited a resident of
Hawaii, S. Sgt. James K. Akuna, 1st Bat-
tallion, 503d Infantry, Lanai City, Lanai,
for the enterprise and bravery which he
displayed in a rice paddy area not far
from Saigon.
I am pleased to call this address to
the attention of my Senate colleagues.
If there are no objections I respectfully
request that this address be inserted in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ADDRESS BY GEN. HAROLD K. JOHNSON, CHIEF
OF STAFF, U.S. ARMY
Last January It Was my privilege to speak
before the 17th annual Pacific coast regional
dinner held by your association in Los An-
geles. I had recently returned from my sec-
ond trip to Vietnam, and what I had seen
going on in that country was very much on
my mind.
I felt impelled to talk about Vietnam, be-
cause I was not certain that people fully
appreciated or had much knowledge about
what we are trying to do in that part of the
world. In the 10 months that have passed,
events have moved so rapidly that while it is
still important to explain why we are in
Vietnam, it is perhaps more important to
explain how we are doing there.
Much of my working time these days is
taken up with our situation in Vietnam, and
the efforts the Army is taking to improve its
performance in this chapter of its history.
Your forces are performing exceptionally
well under the extremely trying and difficult
conditions of a war in which the front is
everywhere and remains difficult to identify.
I am certain you read one or more of our
newspapers and news magazines and thus
know as much as I do about the press cover-
age of the Vietnam situation. I must say
that our press people in the field and here
in Washington are doing a fine analytical
job in keeping the American public informed.
Unlike the criticism that has developed out
of some past international crises, I can as-
sure you that the Government is making
available to the American press just about
all the news that can be released without in-
fringing on security.
Thus today I am not going to dwell in any
detail on why we are in Vietnam. Instead,
I would like to say a few words about the
broader implications of the Vietnam event-
why it exists at all; what along this line we
can anticipate in the future; and what the
Army is trying to do about it.
If we can stand back a bit from current
events and take a broader look at our times,
it is possible to see that Vietnam is just part
of a pattern of events that have taken place
since the end of World War II. In the span
of the last 20 years there have been more
than 240 wars of one kind or another. Dis-
carding inconsequential conflicts, one can
list over 100 significant instances of resort
to violence in the political process. Almost
all of these disruptions of the peaceful polit-
ical process took place in relatively unde-
veloped countries. located in the Southern
Hemisphere-in Latin America, Africa, and
southeast Asia. Ninety percent of these were
revolutions-armed insurgencies-afflicting
in total some 68 nations. Communists were
identifiably prominent in at least 50 percent
of these attacks against established govern-
ment.
Whether we as Americans agreed with the
policies of the governments concerned is not
as important as the fact that both the fre-
quency of this conflict, and the incidence
of Communist participation are adverse. If
we project the record of the past 20 years
statistically into the future, we can reason-
ably expect a certain number of such con-
flicts in the months and years ahead of us,
if this trend continues. There is no reason
to expect that the trend will not continue,
and we can regard the Vietnam event only
as the largest, current manifestation of this
turn In international politics.
Research into this phenomena of our times
has been revealing. The causes of insur-
gency, and the ever-present danger of its
"escalation" as we currently witness it, are
basically twofold:
First, we are witnessing in our century
something new in, social evolution. In our
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE October 20, 1965
generation there are large populations of
formerly primitive peoples who are no longer
satisfied with the life their fathers. left to
them. -Advances in education and interna-
tional communication have brought to them
knowledge and realization that Western so-
ciety as we know it is enjoying an incomilar-
able prosperity and standard of living. Ills-
satisfied with their own economic status,
these traditional societies--many of them
newly organized into young, emergent na-
tions--show a tremendous surge in desire to
modernize themselves.
This desire for progress bears with it many
internal pressures. The rising expectations
of the people bring them to demand more of
their community, more of their national
government, more, indeed, of life itself.
Often these aroused hopes are frustrated by
political instability and economic stagna-
tion. Feeling these internal pressures, some
of the political leaders of these nations are
attracted to proposals and assistance which
appear to offer some quick relief to their
plight.
It is at this point that the second cause
of incipient insurgency frequently enters the
international picture. This is the deliberate
attempt of a Communist power to seize con-
trol of an emerging nation, either through
economic blandishment or through armed
force.
We have had a perfect example of this in
the recent upheaval in the Dominican Re-
public. This was an instance where certain
dissident elements in the Dominican Army
mutinied in an attempt to overthrow the
triumvirate which was the then established
government of the country. Whether the
government could have quelled this mutiny,
particularly if it had acted a little faster,
remains unknown. What is certain, how-
ever, is that the actions taken by the Com-
munist elements in the country to seize con-
trol of the mutiny undermined the govern-
ment's capability to control the mutiny and
prevent national damage and loss of life.
The rebels were themselves divided, some
wanting to restore former President Juan
Bosch and others opposing his restoration.
The Bosch supporters took to the streets, and
the revolutionary movement took a tragic
turn.. Arms from the miiltary arsenals were
handed out to the civilian rebels. Commu-
nist leaders, many of them trained in Cuba,
tcok increasing control of the revolution.
What began as a popular democratic revolu-
tion that was committed to democracy and
social justice moved into the hands of Com-
munist conspirators.
In Vietnam we have seen quite a different
situation, although the end objective has
been the same-seizure of absolute power by
a Communist government.
In Vietnam the Communists have been
working underground ever since the with-
drawal of. the French following the defeat
at Dienbienphu. Indeed, the Communists
have been at work on their designs in south-
east Asia ever since the Japanese moved in
there during World War II.
Initia: Communist attempts in South Vet-
nam did not take the form of attempted
popular uprising. There is much evidence
that, whereas the Central Government in
Saigon was left alone, a subtly organized
campaign was conducted to seize control
of the country at the local governmental
level. We know that the Communists--or
Vietcong-have for some years been trying
to take over control of the people. The tac-
tics used are persuasion and terror. Com-
r..unist cells operating within the villages
systematically murdered the village chiefs
and other local officials who did not cooper-
ate. By the end of 1964 about 15,000 small
officials had been assassinated in this way.
These tactics might have been more notice-
able to the outside world if the Chief of
State had been assassinated, or if 15,000
soldiers had been killed in an organized
military campaign, but the Vietcong did not
operate that way. They subverted the coun-
tryside-in effect tried to isolate Saigon po-
litically-and collected their own taxes. You
might say that the Communists were not
outfighting the Saigon Government by mili-
tary means; it was not necessary. They were
undermining the Government in many rural
areas through terrorism.
The Government reacted eventually and
wa have seen a steady increase in counter-
guerrilla activity until other nations, includ-
ing our own, have been drawn into the con-
flict in a most intimate way.
Thus, within the last few months we have
had two entirely different examples of armed
insurgencies, but they illustrate the types
of international disorder we have been ex-
periencing on an ascending scale since the
end of the Korean war. Both were attacks
against established government, and osten-
sibly by peoples within the Nation itself
though Communist support was clearly evi-
dent. Both were undeveloped countries bur-
Cened with uncertain political stability and
economic insufficiency.
You are fully aware that the Army is not
a policymaking organization. It is merely
an instrument of policy. As such an instru-
ment we have learned that we, and the other
services, are being employed today in oper-
ations which, although some military com-
bat may be involved, cannot be classified
as "war" as we have known it in the past.
Essentially, we are being employed by our
Government to restore stability or to provide
a climate of order in which government,
under law, can function effectively in those
instances where the United States has been
asked for assistance and it is clearly in our
national interest to provide assistance.
As you are aware, in the last few years con-
siderable money has been spent in moderniz-
ing the Army and the other military services.
Since 1981, the Army alone has invested over
$9 billion In weapons, equipment, ammuni-
tion, and other supplies. I must add that we
are not through procuring modern materiel.
To support the war in Vietnam and other
commitments, the administration has asked
Congress for an additional $2,400 million of
which more than $600 million will be spent
on Army procurement.
These are big money figures. They repre-
sent taxes paid by all of us, and they rep-
resent. in part, the investment the American
people have put into our capability to bring
an end to Communist-supported insurgency
as we have witnessed it in the Caribbean and
in southeast Asia. Therefore, it is entirely
proper for citizens to ask, "How are we
doing?"
1. am not going to be modest on this point,
because our soldiers are doing a magnificent
job around the world in everyday activities
that speak louder than words. They are the
men who stand on the firing line in - some
place like a street corner in Santo Domingo,
or in a patch of jungle in South Vietnam.
The manner in which they have conducted
themselves gives me every conviction that we
are doing very well, indeed.
To illustrate my general comment about
"how we are doing." I want to describe very
briefly several incidents which convey some
feeling for the fighting spirit and morale of
our soldiers who are manning freedom's
defenses in Vietnam.
In the oppressive morning heat one day in
early July, Sergeant Akuna's company of the
173d Airborne Brigade moved into position
near a helicopter landing zone in a jungle
and rice paddy area not far from Saigon. Be-
fore this operation by the 178d, the "area-
war zone D-had been a Vietcong stronghold
for yearn and the Communists had been able
to operate there without fear of attack. As
the company began to occupy positions, Ser-
geant Akuna spotted a Vietcong guarding a
rice cache. Someone shot the Vietcong in
the leg after he tried to run, but he was
brought L forward, given first aid, and taken
out by helicopter for Interrogation. About
the time he was being airlifted out, Sergeant
Akuna came back with four more Vietcong.
He was dragging them out of holes-tun-
nels-down in a terrace, toward the end of
the landing zone. They were all young men
between the ages of 18 and 29, very sturdy
and obviously not rice farmers because of the
ammunition and grenades they carried.
After he brought these four in, word came
back that Sergeant Akuna had gone back,
found three more and was bringing them in.
On another occasion, Sergeant Akuna saw
a nearby Vietcong hamlet. He took a recon-
naissance patrol outside of the battalion
perimeter to investigate sounds he had heard
at dawn and in so doing discovered the ham-
let which contained food and medical
supplies.
These incidents and fighting spirit dis-
played by our dedicated soldiers are not iso-
lated. They occur every day and night in
various parts of Vietnam. And the spirit is
displayed by all our soldiers--combat and
combat support alike. On these operations
that Sergeant Akuna participated in, soldiers
of the 173d Airborne Brigade support bat-
talion were located in the rear area near the
aid station. As the first combat casualties
came in, many soldiers of the support bat-
talion crowded around the aid station, and
besieged the commander of the 173d, who
was at the station, to let them go forward as
replacements.
This commander wrote to me recently
about the sense of purpose and performance
of his soldiers:
"The U.S. Army soldier has conducted him-
self in such a fine manner that I actually
become emotional with pride. Our country
should have no fear at all as it develops a
sense of purpose at the top as well as our
people have accepted it at the lower level.
We are doing well, and at least from my
view point, we are winning in Vietnam."
In another report, though not from this
commander, I read about the impressions
received by the senior Vietnamese and Amer-
ican officials who observed the landing of the
1st Cavalry Division at Qui Nhon. "As the
landing craft touched down on the beaches,
soldiers from that fine division marched
down the ramps eight abreast carrying their
colors. At the same time, helicopters were
being flown from the aircraft carrier Boxer
to airfields in the vicinity and within 10 min-
utes the men were in the helicopters and on
their way to An Khe, 50 miles Inland. There
was no delay, no confusion, and Wall created
a marvelous impression of efficiency and abil-
ity to deal with any situation. This great
American presence on the ground brings a
tremendous feeling of hope and inspires
confidence and courage among Vietnamese
troops. There can no longer be the slightest
doubt that persistence will bring success"
We are doing well, and we are taking ad-
vantage of our progress to do even better.
Our units in Vietnam prepare periodically
detailed reports on lessons learned from com-
bat operations. These reports contain rec-
ommendations for improvement in training
and equipment, based on actual operations,
and are distributed widely throughout our
school system and our commands for use in
training, and in equipment research and de-
velopment. Aside from these reports, the
majority of our senior enlisted men and offi-
cers returning from Vietnam are assigned to
our school system and commands in the
United States so that we can capitalize on
their practical experience and motivational
spirit.
In addition to the combat lessons learned
aspect of these reports, there is often praise
for the equipment provided to our soldiers
and occasionally suggestions about new types
of equipment or for some improvements to
existing equipment. The suggestions are
carefully evaluated in the context of exist-
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October 20, ~~~a pCIUN~Lc;c3x -SENATE
ing programs for improved equipment and
where the state of the art and production
leadtimes permit introduction of the sug-
gested items of equipment, they are pro-
gramed for development and procurement.
Praise for the existing equipment runs all
the way from the new family of radios which
operate particularly well in the demanding
terrain and environmental conditions of Viet-
nam, to the helicopter and to the M-79 gre-
nade launcher which allows the soldier to
place accurately with lethal effect a frag-
mentation-type shell out to a distance of
about 400 meters.
The helicopter has been one of our most
valuable pieces of equipment. In addition
to increased mobility and faster reaction
time, it provides a close-in suppressive fire
capability immediately preceding and during
a helicopter troop lift into an assualt area.
The helicopter's battle staying capability Is
a matter Of reqord. Between January 1962
and August 31 of this year, only 51 heli-
copters were lost to ground fire. The sig-
nificance of this figure lies in the fact that
when related to the actual sorties flown, this
figure represents only one helicopter lost in
battle for roughly every 16,614 sorties flown.
In an operation last July, over 3,000 of our
combat troops in Vietnam were picked up in
three different locations after a search and
Ilea operation in war zone D, and returned
to their bases in less than 31/2 hours. This
means that once they have searched multiple
areas, soldiers do not have to waste time or
energy reassembling. Moreover, they can
move into combat with lighter loads because
with helicopter resupply or extrication they
do not need to carry in the extra supplies
necessary to sustain them until ground sup-
ply or evacuation can take place.
If I can abstract a point from what I have
said so far about how we are doing in Viet-
nam, it Is this: The U.S. Army of 1965 Is a
highly professional, well-trained, and well-
equipped combat force. The Army has de-
ployed almost 44 percent of its strength over-
seas in 101 countries and territories, and it is
fulfilling the investment in faith and money
that has been made by the American people.
As the Army looks ahead to the tasks that
the future probably holds, we do so with
some measure of confidence. We know that
we have the finest, best trained and equipped
Army that this country has ever maintained
in peacetime. Although we realize that the
future may not be an entirely peaceful one,
we are prepared to respond-in concert with
the other agencies of our Government-to
the requirements that may be demanded of
us in building a community of stable na-
tions, where political change can occur peace-
fully, and where nations have the right to
determine their own destiny. Thus, as we
move further into the nuclear age with Its
more sophisticated weapons systems, the
Army finds that it must not only be pre-
pared for general or limited war, but also be
prepared for operations in unsophisticated
situations and environments. In a sense,
the Army must be prepared for missions un-
limited, and if we are to continue to fulfill
these missions with the best equipment ob-
tainable, we will continued to need the as-
sistance of the members of the Nationkl Se-
curity Industrial Association. I feel it ap-
propriate to repeat, In this context, these
words of the late Winston Churchill: "Give
us the tools, and we will finish the job."
AIR TRANSPORT PROFIT AND
LOWER FARES
Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, United
Air Lines is one of our Nation's best and
soundest transportation systems. This
great airline pioneered transcontinental
air service in this country, and Denver
was one of the pioneer cities in this serv-
ice. United has been providing air
service to my State's capital since 1938.
Denver today is one of the principal
operating bases of this fine company,
and United employs approximately 2,300
persons at Denver.
Because of my lifetime interest in
aviation and in all things which makes
Colorado a better place to work and to
live, I have followed the development of
United Air Lines since it first came to
my State. I know the officials of this
great company and its management phi-
losophy, and belielie that under the 37
years of leadership of William Allan
Patterson, presently chairman of its
board of directors, it has become one of
the most progressive, alert, and public-
conscious companies throughout our
country's whole industrial complex.,
I have just read a speech which Mr.
Patterson gave before the Economic Club
of Detroit on October 18, on "Air Trans-
port Profit and Lower Fares." This his-
torical exposition of the development of
the commercial air transport industry
and its contributions to the economic
and technological advancement of our
country is most interesting and informa-
tive. It proves that profit is a good word
and a must if our country is to continue
to move forward. Profit, as Mr. Pat-
terson demonstrates, is particularly crit-
ical to the commercial air transport in-
dustry as it enters the threshold of the
supersonic air transport, probably the
most explosively expensive changeover
ever required of any industry in our Na-
tion's economic history. In light of the
extremely heavy reequipment programs
through which most of the air carriers
are now passing, plus the heavy financial
burdens which lies almost immediately
ahead in the development of the super-
sonic air transport, the present earnings
of the air carriers are rather meager in-
deed, approximately 91 percent for the
industry.
I was interested to note in Mr. Patter-
son's speech that since 1962 the trunk-
line average fare per passenger mile has
declined by 6 percent; and that the aver-
age cost per mile to United's passengers
has decreased from 6.4 to 5.7 cents, or 12
percent. Further, mail rates for the fu-
ture have been reduced on United by
about $2 million; and the new free bag-
gage allowance means that an extra $3,-
600,000 will be retained annually by cus-
tomers.
I am sure that the administration and
the Civil Aeronautics Board are well
aware of the acute importance of a finan-
cially strong commercial air transport
industry to our national economy; and I
have confidence that the regulatory
agency will move forward slowly and
most cautiously in the areas of their re-
sponsibilities so as not to create any
major changes in the earnings situation
of the air carriers in this extremely criti-
cal period of their development.
I request that Mr. Patterson's October
18 Detroit speech be made a part of my
remarks and earnestly urge my col-
leagues to read this landmark speech be-
cause of its interest to all of us who want
to maintain our commercial air trans-
port industry as the greatest in the
world, and to do this it must be kept fl-
26681
nancially sound, with the necesary re-
sources to enable it to look to the super-
sonic age with confidence and eagerness.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
AIR TRANSPORT PROFIT AND LOWER FARES
(By William A. Patterson, chairman of the
board, United Air Lines, Economic Club of
Detroit, October 18, 1965)
After 37 years in air transportation-pio-
neering years with triumphs and disappoint-
ments, large and small-I'm beginning to
near the end of the long flight. Next April,
except for responsibilities as chairman of
the board and chairman of our company's
executive committee, I plan to become in-
active. And the irony of the situation is
that my inactivity will begin when the in-
dustry is attaining its greatest activity and
greatest success.
Now, success Is always welcome but I'm a
little concerned about its interpretation.
I'm sure that some persons-well inten-
tioned but totally unfamiliar with the trials
of the past-will view airline profits with an
unsympathetic eye. If they had invested
toil and time in the development of the air
transport industry, they would view its suc-
cess in a different light.
I've found that time is the great teacher
of truth.
We had an unusual Illustration of this
fact last month when the rulers of Russia
decided to place Soviet industry on a profit
basis. Repeated failure, want and waste
compelled them to repudiate a fundamental
part of Marxist doctrine. And the long pro-
claimed ideal of production for use and not
for profit became just another slogan on the
scrap heap of history.
Time has forced even the Russian com-
missars to recognize that profits are essen-
tial to progress. Yet, in our country-the
world's prime example of economic prog-
ress-there are those who regard profits with
hostility. They seem to believe that normal
healthy returns are rather sinful and that
large returns are downright immoral. In
their lexicon; as someone has said, profit is
a dirty word.
If we could peer into their minds, I think
we'd see an outmoded picture of the greedy
Fat Man created by cartoonists some years
ago. You may recall, he wore a high silk
hat, a cutaway coat, and spats. The vest
over his ample midsection was decorated with
dollar signs and his pudgy fingers glittered
with gems. Depending on the times, he was
identified as a "capitalist," "the trusts,"
"profiteer," "monopolist," and "economic
royalist."
This fellow became a myth in past years
but he can be invoked for many merely by
mentioning the word "profit." They im-
mediately think of price gouging, cornered
markets, and sand in the sugar. Their vision
of silk-hatted swindlers blinds them to the
fact that profit is the all-important fuel of
our economic engine. Lean out the profit
and the engine sputters. Given adequate
fuel, it surges ahead over every kind of road-
way.
Before condemning any profit, it would
seem fair to inquire as to how it was derived
and to what use it is put. No right-thinking
Indivdual would defend the profit that comes
from unethical products and procedures;
from grossly underpaid sweat-shop labor; or
from contrived scarcities and the manipu-
lations of privately controlled cartels and
monopolies.
On the other hand, profit based on good
personnel practices, efficient production of a
quality product or service, and successful
competition in an open market is an accom-
plishment that society should reward in full.
Criticism of such profit as too big or excessive
has the flavor of sour grapes.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE October 20, 1965
Now as for the use of profit, It is Important
to consider dividend distribution. Is the
payout reasonable in terms of technological
advances, the company's present condition
and its future competitive position? What
part of profit is plowed back into the busi-
ness for research, refurbishment, moderniza-
tion and expansion? How much, if any, is
diverted for purposes that serve community
and nation?
On this last point, I believe that many who
have the fat man complex would be sur-
prised by the various end-uses of profit.
They can begin their education by examining
reports of foundations and philanthropic or-
ganizations. A survey of 465 companies sev-
eral years ago disclosed that, their contribu-
tions to health and welfare agencies, educa-
tion, religious causes, and for civil and cul-
tural purposes amounted to $154 million an-
nually. And that total did not include the
donations made by company executives as
private individuals.
There are more than 5,000 foundations in
this country and, in one way or another, they
ovre their existence to profit. They bear the
names of large and small enterprises, busi-
ness leaders, and industrialists-Ford, for ex-
ample, Carnegie, Rockefeller, Alfred P. Sloan.
Not millions but billions in foundation
fends have been expended for hospitals,
schools, scholarships, medical research, men-
tal health, science, the humanities and arts.
Some of us who complain when Government
enters social areas that have been neglected
can be thankful that part of the slack is
taken up by the work of foundations.
In touching on the derivation of profit a
few moments ago, I reserved a special type
for fuller discussion-the type that includes
an element of Government subsidy. Now
some may immediately classify such profit
as objectionable and I can appreciate their
point of view. However, let's examine a
particular case, one I'm familiar with-the
is transport industry.
The industry had its origin in the mid-
1920's, after pilots employed by the U.S.
Post Office had demonstrated the feasibility
of air mail service. Congress wisely decided
to entrust private enterprise with the task
of developing a nationwide air transport sys-
tem. An Air Mail Act, approved in 1925,
authorized the post office to transfer its
routes to private contractors on the basis of
competitive bids.
Three obligations were placed on successful
bidders. They were charged with the neces-
sity to develop the art of flying; to establish
a market for commercial air transportation;
and to attain economic self-sufficiency.
The rates for hauling air mail were
sweetened with subsidy, or perhaps I should
&ay seasoned with subsidy, because the dish
was not always nourishing. The maximum
rate was $3 a pound but, to win their con-
tract, most operators bid below the maxi-
mum and some found out there wasn't
enough mail to pay expenses.
One of our predecessor companies, Varney
Air Lines, began operations in April 1926.
The Varney fleet consisted of six Swallow bi-
planes. They cruised at 90 miles an hour
and, compared with jetliners that cost $4 to
$6 million, the Swallow could be purchased
for $4,500. Pilots were paid $250 a month
and even this modest salary was sometimes
in question because at the outset the Var-
ney route failed to produce enough air mall
revenue.
Pacific Air Transport, another of our
predecessor companies, also began service in
1926 and also found it hard to make ends
raeet. The combined revenues of Varney and
Pacific Air Transport for 1926 amounted to
$230,000 in mail payments and $1,530 for
carrying passengers.
Coast-to-coast air travel became possible
in 1927 but it called for a strong back, an
adventurous spirit and $400 to pay the fare.
the trip took about 32 hours-at least, on
paper-and there weren't any insight movies
to pass the time.
Today, you can travel by jet from one
coast to the other at a fare 63 percent lower
than in 1927 and at a speed increase of well
over 500 percent. If the advance in safety,
comfort and other intangibles could be ex-
pressed mathematically, it would exceed that
500 percent. And as for mail, United know
flies a ton of letters a thousand miles for
about one-twentieth of what the Post Office
paid in the early years.
Seldom have obligations been so abun-
dantly fulfilled. The art of flying has been
advanced from propeller planes of wood and
canvas to subsonic turbine-powered aircraft
that are triumphs of sophisticated technol-
ogy. In developing a market, the airlines
have reached the point where their share of
domestic intercity common-carrier traffic is
greater than the combined portion of rail and
bus.
United became self-sufficient In the late
1940's and the Civil Aeronautics Board cer-
tified that fact in January 1951. With only
one exception, mail payments of the Na-
tion's 11 trunk lines have not Included a
dime of subsidy in the last 8 years.
It's a different story for the local service
airlines. They operate over routes of lower
traffic density, serving smaller cities. Con-
gress and the Civil Aeronautics Board believe
air transportation stimulates the economic
growth of these communities, and that in all
likelihood they'll eventually develop satis-
factory traffic volumes. In that expectation,
mail subsidy Is paid.
When compared with other business op-
erations, the airlines are unique in several
ways. They're Government regulated, for
example, but intensely competitive. They
use very expensive machines to provide a
service that's extremely perishable in the
sense that a seat unsold when a flight de-
parts cannot be stored and put up for sale
again. But the most unusual feature of our
business is that from time to time we de-
liberately render our machines obsolete.
Since World War II, we've gone through
round after round of aircraft purchases, ad-
vancing from the DC-3 to the jets. Each
round has been spurred by competition and
the urgency to Improve, rather than the
necessity to replace something worn out.
And each round has resulted in greater
safety, speed, and comfort.
In the opening stage of the transition to
jet operations, the industry invested $31/2
billion on new aircraft and supporting equip-
ment. This was followed by an outlay of
about $21/2 billion for additional planes, in-
cluding short-haul jets. These expenditures
and the industry's great appetite for supplies
and materials have created work for an es-
timated 5,000 factories and jobs for 100,000
manufacturing employees. Since 1960 the
Nation's airlines have added 25,000 to their
payrolls and the prospect is that 50,000 more
will be hired over the next 5 years.
Earnings in the transitional period have
been a source of both gloom and encourage-
ment. In 1961 the return on the total trunk-
line capital Investment was a piddling l V2
percent. That was the low point and the
outlook brightened thereafter. Last year the
trunkline return was 9y2 percent. That's
an overall average, incidentally, and it
doesn't mean that each company did that
well. United's return was around 8 percent-
somewhat lower than the 101/ percent estab-
lished by the Civil Aeronautics Board as fair
and reasonable for the major carriers.
In the first 5 years of the jet age, 1959
through 1964, our company invested $677,-
569,000 in jets and supporting equipment.
Net earnings for those 5 years totaled
$78,400,000, of which 31 percent was paid
out in dividends. The remaining 69 percent
was retained to improve the business. Earn-
ings accounted for approximately 10 percent
of the funds necessary to finance the crucial
first step from piston to turbine power.
Huge additional sums had to be raised
through sale of debentures and other securi-
ties, augmented by depreciation and amorti-
zation charges against earnings..
Last April we announced a $750 million
program, covering the purchase, lease and
option of 144 more aircraft. They're required
to phase out our remaining propeller planes
and convert to all-jet operations within 4
years from now. By that time our fleet of
308 jetliners will represent an investment of
$1.6 billion.
That's part of an improvement program
unparalleled in. the history of transportation
or, so far as I know, in general industry.
And it's being accomplished without present-
ing higher and higher bills to the public.
Since 1962 the trunkline average fare per
passenger mile has declined by 6 percent.
In our company's case, the downtrend is
even greater. In the last 3 years the average
cost per mile to passengers on United has
gone from about 6.4 to 5.7 cents, a decrease
of 12 percent. In view of the extensive up-
grading of service and the tremendous costs
of equipment, I believe the industry's
achievement in containing fares Is little
short of extraordinary.
To give specific items, United's fare reduc-
tions last year for passengers on certain long
haul routes amounted to almost $6 million.
Reductions in the current year, including a
change in the family group discount, will
save the traveling public approximately $8
million over a 12-month period.
Apart from fares, our airmail rate was
reduced 8 cents per ton-mile last June and
in August the basis for determining excess
baggage charges was liberalized. A full year
of the revised mail rate will save the Post
Office about $2 million. And the new free
baggage allowance means that an extra $3.6
million will be retained. annually In the pock-
ets of customers.
The airlines are entering the harvest time
of their past efforts to advance and improve.
Unquestionably, 1965 will be the industry's
best year on every count. United, for ex-
ample, expects to achieve total operating rev-
enues of approximately $785 million, as com-
pared with $669 million in 1964. Passenger
revenues should top out around $705 million,
an increase of perhaps 18 percent.
For an industry that was legislated into
existence, so to speak, and then nurtured on
subsidy until it could stand on its own feet,
I think the record is very impressive. Con-
gress, the Department of Commerce and
the Civil Aeronautics Board can be justi-
fiably proud of a philosophy of government
that has encouraged private enterprise to
create the best air transport system in the
world.
It's one of the outstanding success stories
of modern times but it would be misleading
to tell you the airlines are going to live
happily ever after. There are further chal-
lenges to meet, further improvements to
undertake. The one that looms largest Is
the supersonic transport plane.
So far as I can detect, the traveling public
isn't clamoring for supersonic speed-at
least, domestically-but it nevertheless looks
as though our decision will have to be made
in the next 18 months. There's a question
of national prestige involved and, on the
economic level, there's the necessity to main-
tain this country's leadership in aircraft
manufacturing.
Unlike previous types of commercial
transports, development of the supersonic
plane will not come as P. byproduct of mili-
tary aircraft design and construction. The
total expenditure will be astronomical. In
terms of the cost per aircraft, each seat on a
supersonic plane could well represent an
investment of up to $200,000. In compari-
son, cost per seat for the finest and fastest
piston-engine plane was $34,000. For the
Boeing 707 and the DC-8, it amounted to
$46,000.
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October 20, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
particularly that which is most susceptible to
depredation.
With kind regards,
Sincerely yours,
H. B. MONTAGUE,
Chief Inspector.
I do not know the answer to these
problems. I do know, however, that I
cannot simply join one of my constitu-
ents who ended his letter of complaint
and frustration by saying:
Sound like a chronic complainer? A per-
son can take just so much and when invited
to comment will do so. If you had not in-
quired, I would have silently borne the
burden of many others and said-Oh, well, at
least we got it.
From the letters in my file and the
numerous complaints which I have heard
at meetings and from visitors to my
office, he would seem to be one of the
lucky ones.
But, Mr. Speaker, there is no problem
which does not have a solution. There
are problems of varying complexity-and
this one is unquestionably one of the
more complex. Many factors are un-
doubtedly involved in the breakdown in
service, and the 13th Congressional Dis-
trict has been extremely vocal in pointing
out a number of these.
Recently I took occasion to speak on
the floor in connection with the civil
service and postal pay increase bill which
I supported. In part, I discussed one of
the problems involved as follows:
What may be a fair wage in one part of
this country may not be a fair wage in an-
other part of the country. The 13th District
of Illinois, and the area around Chicago, is
an area that has a very high cost of living.
'There is no question that the postal em-
ployees in our area do not make enough at
the present time to have a reasonable stand-
ard of living. They just do not make enough
money. The wages are inadequate. * * *
Why has not (a proposal) come before the
Congress * * * that takes into account the
clear, well-known, and well-publicized dif-
ferences in the cost of living in the various
portions of this country?
I have heard from residents of our dis-
trict that some postal employees, to aug-
ment inadequate incomes, have entered
into "house-watching" agreements,
whereby they take time from their de-
livery schedule at each particular house
where so requested, and, for a fee, they
will enter the house, check the heat and
the pets and do other incidental tasks-a
pleasant enough service if you are away
from the city, but not so pleasant for the
family at the end of the route which does
not receive its mail until 4:30 in the
afternoon, if enough people are out of
town that day.
I would take occasion here, too, to ob-
ject to that time-honored institution-
the politically appointed "acting post-
master." Apparently, the proper admin-
istration of the postal service is more
complicated and more demanding than
one might at first be led to believe. The
Civil Service Commission was established
to prevent deterioration of Government
services by appointment of unqualified
or inadequately prepared personnel-and
yet our postal service is being, in many
cases, hastened in its deterioration by
this very same type of political appoint-
ment.
The appointment of a postmaster lies
in the hands of the administration's
party-and in more cases than not, the
appointment goes to a devoted party
worker who-all too often knows little or
nothing, about the Post Office Depart-
ment when he takes the job. We then
have the convenience of appointing
"acting postmasters" who serve inde-
terminate lengths of time until "post-
masters" are finally appointed. Anyone
can see that, whether originally qualified
or not, if one does the job for 6 months
or a year, he or she might very well know
the ropes well enough at the end of that
time to take the examination and at least
end up on the register. And there is the
third magic step-almost invariably, if
the name of the acting postmaster ap-
pears on the register, no matter whether
first, or second, or third, he wakes up to
find himself postmaster.
I believe politics must leave the postal
service. The spoils of political power al-
most wrecked the Government service
until the Civil Service Commission was
created. The rewards of faithful politi-
cal service should not be unrelated posi-
tions of public trust. I cannot help but
feel empathy for those dedicated, con-
scientious career employees of the Post
Office Departmment as they watch while
one after another takes over the top spot
in their particular offices-one after an-
other political appointees who, in many
cases, had had little more to do with the
post office than buy a stamp or send a
package or accept, delivery of mail.
In my testimony before the Joint Com-
mittee on the Organization of the Con-
gress, I recommended that consideration
be given to relieving Members of Con-
gress of responsibilities involving post-
masterships and rural letter carriers. I
strongly believe that such a step would
be in the best interest of the country and
of the postal service, as well as of the
Congress.
I would be remiss if I did not further
point out the inadequacy of existing post-
al facilities in my district. In some
areas studies and surveys and considera-
tion have gone on for years, and the
towns-such as Schaumburg, referred to
earlier-with populations presently of
5,000 to 6,000 to 7,000 people, cannot even
,'get themselves listed in the postal direc-
tory as post offices, branch offices, or sta-
tions. In March of 1964, in response to
communications from my office and from
the village involved, I received the fol-
lowing comments concerning one of our
post offices:
There are no present plans for any addi-
tional facilities in the community at this
time, as it is anticipated that the culmina-
tion of plans above mentioned will solve ex-
isting difficulties.
Similar problems exist in other town-
ships in northern Cook County.
Mr. Speaker, the plans have been car-
ried through, and the service is worse
than it has ever been. Certainly, in this
country, we ought to be able to effec-
tively meet the needs of rapidly growing
areas-not 3 or 4 or 5 years after growth
has taken place, but when it is taking
place, or at least immediately thereafter.
The continued lag between growth and
26753
service is destructive of efficient mail
service.
A review of the amounts of money ap-
propriated for the operations of the Post
Office Department over recent fiscal years
shows the following : fiscal year 1963,
$4,648,924,300; fiscal year 1964, $4,925,-
500,000; fiscal year 1965, $5,202 million;
fiscal year 1966, $5,324,400,000-with
more to be appropriated. The steady
increase is requested and justified year
after year on the premise that it is nec-
essary in order to modernize operations
and improve service. And still we ap-
propriate more and hope for the best.
And so it goes on. The population in-
creases. The rates increase. The cost of
living rises. Facilities do not increase in
relation to the population. Service does
not increase in relation to rates. Em-
ployees do not spend their lives in posi-
tions where they do not earn a reason-
able wage, and where the incentive to
reach the top is taken away before they
even start to climb.
Mr. Speaker, if the telephone commu-
nications system of - this country were
operating in this manner, there would
be such a public outcry that A.T. & T.
would become a Government agency.
Thank heaven, and private enterprise,
this is not the case.. It is not a branch
of the Federal Government, and it is
making money, expanding operations, re-
ducing rates, and providing efficient mod-
ern service. There must be a lesson here
someplace.
The recently appointed Postmaster
General, Mr. O'Brien, is a skilled politi-
cian and able public servant-which I
admire. Let us hope that he will be an
equally skilled Postmaster General and
be successful in putting the Department
back on the track of efficiency and reli-
ability.
YOUNG TOUGHS, PUNKS,
AND HOODLUMS
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today I have
introduced a bill to amend the Selective
Service Act to provide for the drafting
of young persons now considered mor-
ally defective or deficient because of
criminal records which include juvenile
offenses, drunkenness, narcotic addic-
tion, and serious moving traffic infrac-
tions. Such persons will receive training
and serve in special combat units in the
Armed Forces.
In the light of the crisis in Vietnam,
I think it is absurd that the Army does
not draft our Nation's oversize group of
punks and hoods. I am not saying that
most of them will be any great shakes as
soldiers, but they can at least be of some
use as extra manpower.
The Army presently refuses young men
with records of juvenile, narcotics,
drunkenness, and criminal offenses be-
cause it believes they are not morally
qualified for the privilege of Army serv-
ice. This is ridiculous in light of the
Vietnam situation. The sooner the Army
starts making use of America's large con-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 20, 1965
tingent of punks and Young toughs, the
better off we will be. Drafted punks will
be good substitutes for persons who can
make a greater contribution in other
ways, and I personally feel that Army
discipline and Army life may have some-
thing to offer to the punks and young
hoods who now clutter up our streets.
No doubt the Army can offer some train-
ing that will help rehabilitate young
punks and teach the unemployable ones
a trade.
I do not believe we can afford to con-
tinue drafting only those who satisfy
high draft standards because this pol-
icy is self-defeating. It drafts those who
could make a more valuable contribution
elsewhere, and allows those who can
make no other contribution and who
might profit from service to escape it as
morally deficient. The career soldier's
concept of the military services as units
in which membership is a privilege is in-
appropriate during wartime or during a
period like the Vietnamese crisis. Be-
sides, a unit like the Foreign Legion
which took criminals and misfits with-
out question enjoys a reputation as high
as most of the best American units.
Nevertheless, I do not believe that
punks and criminals who might be
drafted under my proposal should be in-
discriminately mixed. with other soldiers.
Most ought to go in special units, and it
seems fitting to me that they be combat
trained. Individuals with narcotics rec-
ords particularly ought to be kept apart
from. other troops. I would suggest spe-
cial "junkie battalions" for them.
This certainly should cut down our
ever-increasing crime rate and make our
streets and parks safe again.
PUBLIC REACTION TO RUMP ANTICS
ON BANK MERGER BILLS
(Mr. PATMAN was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, yester-
day a handful of members of the House
Banking and Currency Committee made
a mockery of the rules of the House by
sneaking into the committee room under
false pretenses to hold a rump session.
This was a sad performance which
hurts the reputation of the entire Con-
gress. The session, of course, was totally
illegal. That point has been firmly
established.
The rump session did show plainly
the desperation behind the move to
bail out Manufacturers-Hanover Trust
Co., the Nation's fourth largest bank,
and the other big banks under prosecu-
tion for antitrust law violations. That
frantic so-called meeting lays bare the
massive pressures behind the bank
merger bills.
Rice Odell, business editor for the
Washington Daily Icews, tells about this
session in today's editions. I place Mr.
Odell's column in the RECORD at this
point:
[From the Washington Daily News, Oct. 20,
1965]
DARK PLOTS EMERGE ON CAPITOL HILL
(By Rice Odell)
A pint-sized melodrama, with farcical over-
tones, was acted out at the Capitol yesterday.
The main plot centered on a bitterly dis-
puted bill before the 33-member House
Banking and Currency Committee which
would provide retroactive antitrust exemp-
tion. for three bank mergers, and would also
$Often merger guidelines to he used by the
Justice Department and the courts in the
future.
Leading characters in support of the bill
are Representatives THOMAS L. ASHLEY,
Democrat, of Ohio, and WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD,
Democrat, of Pennsylvania, backed by Re-
publicans and several other Democrats. In
violent opposition is committee chairman,
Representative WRIGHT PATMAN, Democrat,
of Texas, and other Democrats. The play
begins:
ACT I
The morning before, Mr. Patman has
abruptly adjourned a meeting of the com-
mittee before a quorum arrived, thereby ap-
parently sounding the death knell of the bill
this session. An angry Representative ASH-
LEY goes into a huddle with Mr. MOORHEAD
and one or two others.' They plot darkly.
It is a few minutes before 10 a.m, yester-
day, and the handsome Mr. MOORHEAD strolls
casually through the committee's office to-
ward the hearing room. He is challenged by
a member of the staff.
Just going in to pick up some papers I
left there, Mr. MOORHEAD is said to have
repl.ied.
Be :enters the cavernous Rayburn Building
meeting room, goes to the main door, unlocks
it and lets in a dozen or so of his colleagues
waiting in the hall. They start to hold a
meeting.
Chairman PATMAN has not called it. He
doesn't even know about it. In fact he is at
the hospital visiting his wife. Mr. ASHLEY, as
ranking majority member present, presides.
A staff man reported that the lights were all
out at the beginning.
Shortly, an opponent of the bill, Repre-
sentative HENRY S. REUSS, Democrat, of
Wisconsin, arrives and, with his seniority,
claims the chair. He rules immediately that
the meeting is illegal.
Aha, says the Ashley-Moorhead group-
rule 1 of the committee provides for reg-
ular meetings every first and third Tuesday
of the month, unless canceled by the chair-
man. And this he didn't do.
Yes, he did, Mr. REuss says, and a paper
is produced to support the claim. But Mr.
REuss is outvoted and the group continues
its meeting, voting favorably on the bank
merger bill and to report it to the House.
ACT II
'Mr. PATMAN returns, finding what he later
calls a "rump session," illegal because he did
cancel the regular meeting and also because
there was no quorum present.
The Ashley-Moorhead forces issue a press
release emphasizing that there was no can-
cellation, and that there was, indeed, a
quorum present. Complete disagreement
continues throughout.
Mr. ASHLEY, after the disputed meeting,
goes to the House and obtains consent to file
the report voted on. Mr. PATMAN says it's
not a legal report.
Mr. REuss calls a press conference to pro-
poae a compromise bill which, he says,
it's so important Attorney General Nicholas
Katzenbach should be called to testify.
Ile said he thinks he can get his proposal
to the House "about as fast as that piece of
paper that was acted on this morning."
Mr. PATMAN promises to fight the Ashley
bill "by all means possible" anyway.
Representative HENRY B. GONZALEZ,
Democrat; of Texas, says it must be the
"silly season * * * we're acting like a bunch
of State legislators."
Another well-known business writer,
Lyle Denniston of the Washington
Evening Star, also writes a very signifi-
cant piece for today's editions. As you
will note, the headline sums up the rea-
sons behind the rush for this legislation
and the obvious reasons for yesterday's
rump session. The headline reads:
"Merger Survival Chances Up for Man-
ufacturers, Hanover."
I quote these paragraphs from Mr.
Denniston's story:
Chances are gaining that the biggest bank
merger ever-the one that joined New York
City's Manufacturers Trust Co. and Hanover
Bank-will be left undisturbed.
A plan to break up the merged institution
is scheduled for filing in a New York Fed-
eral court on November 1-less than 2 weeks
from now.
But in a confusing round of contradictory
action in Congress yesterday may lead to a
postponement of the court filing. Such a
postponement almost surely will mean that
the merger will be saved, even though it was
once ruled unlawful by a Federal judge.
Are we, the Congress, to allow an il-
legal act of a rump session help to over-
turn a court decision?
I do not believe this is the wish of the
majority of the Congress. This would
be shameful if true.
As the press has reported, the gentle-
man from Pennsylvania, Representa-
tive MOOREHEAD, of Pittsburgh, is the
Member who sneaked into the Banking
and Currency Committee room in the
dark, and unlocked the doors. Mr.
MOORHEAD has made little secret of his
interest in this legislation. Last week,
the New York Times carried this signifl-
cant quote :
Representative WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD,
Democrat, of Pennsylvania, said the lack of
action on the legislation was particularly
troublesome for banks, notably the Manu-
facturers Hanover Trust Co., in New York,
the First National Bank of Lexington, Ky.,
and the Continental Illinois National Bank
& Trust Co., of Chicago, which are under
court orders to dissolve mergers.
"Courts may take into account the fact
that the legislation is almost through Con-
gress," Mr. MOORHEAD said, "but of course
this is not certain."
These desperate acts of a handful of
Members are putting the whole Congress
on trial before the jury of public opin-
ion. I predict that the reaction to yes-
terday's rump session will be heard for
many months to come. I am convinced
that the people of the United States do
not want their affairs conducted in se-
cret, lawless sessions in darkened com-
mittee rooms. The people will speak
louder about yesterday's actions than
anyone.
(Mr. PATMAN was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include, extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. PATMAN'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. PATMAN was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. PATMAN'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
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October 20, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
E. WILLIS, our distinguished chairman of
the House Committee on Un-American
Activities, and expressed my growing
concern over the operation of these clubs
and their apparent progress on college
campuses throughout the Nation. It is
a matter of special apprehension to me
that the unrest in several colleges in
California, particularly the uprisings at
the University of California in Berkeley,
have been linked to the activities of
Communist groups, and that the Du
Bois clubs might be suspected to operate
in the forefront of this dissension.
I am convinced that the demonstra-
tions of the past week are representative
of the thinking of only a misled, mis-
guided, and misinformed minority of
college-age youths, many of them bril-
liant and idealistic, with energies tragi-
cally unchanneled into constructive
paths. The very fact that the President
of the United States and the Secretary of
State should be constrained to comment,
and that our Government should need
to explain these demonstrations because
of their misleading affect upon world
opinion, is reason enough for remedial
action.
Therefore, it should be mentioned at
this time that Chairman WILLIS in Au-
gust informed me that he too is dis-
turbed by the increase in Communist
abtivity among youth and the particular
operations of the W. E. B. du Bois Clubs
on campuses, and that a preliminary in-
vestigation is underway so that the com-
mittee can hold hearings on the organi-
2atior.. at the earliest appropriate time.
TOLL TRAPS ON THE NATIONAL
SYSTEM OF INTERSTATE AND DE-
FENSE HIGHWAYS
(Mr. CRAMER (at the request of Mr.
BROYHILL of North Carolina) was granted
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, under
the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
which launched our great highway con-
struction program, the Secretary of Com-
merce was authorized to approve toll
roads, bridges, or tunnels as part of the
Interstate System upon a finding by him
that such action would "promote the de-
velopment of an integrated Interstate
System." Pursuant to this act, the Sec-
retary has designated a total of 2,332
miles of toll highways in 23 States as
part of the Interstate System. In my
opinion, the indiscriminate placing of toll
traps on the Interstate System is not in
the interest of the public or in keeping
with the intent of Congress. This not
only violates the concept of a toll-free
Federal-Aid Highway System; it also
makes road users pay twice-gas taxes
and tolls-and adversely influences the
planning and construction of needed
highway improvements since highway
officials try to avoid building highways
which would compete, with toll facilities.
Some years ago, it was felt by many
persons that the building of toll roads
in this country would end because of the
construction of the 41,000 mile system of
interstate highways. This, however, is
not the case. Instead of ending, the
building of toll roads is spreading. Some
are under construction and a good many
more are underway. The August 9, 1965,
issue of U.S. News & World Report has
an article on this subject and I quote a
part of that article:
In Oklahoma, legislation for five new toll
roads recently won approval.
In Kansas, the legislature has called for
preliminary studies on three new toll road
projects.
In Texas, bonds have just been issued for
the State's second stretch of toll, highway.
Other new projects are just finished, under
construction or study in Florida, Louisiana,
New Jersey, Virginia, Kentucky, North Caro-
lina and Pennsylvania * *
If all the proposed turnpikes are built,
more than a thousand miles will be added
to the 3,772 miles of toll road already in
operation in the United States.
To be candid, I must point out that so
far as I know, none of these new toll fa-
cilities are being proposed as additions to
the Interstate System. However, under
the existing law, they could be added to
the system. I do not believe that this
would be in accord with the intent of the
Congress but a change in the law is
needed to preclude such a possibility.
Today, I am introducing a bill to cor-
rect this situation. I introduced legisla-
tion for the same purpose in the 87th
Congress, the 88th Congress, and again
early during this Congress. Basically,
the previous bills would have required
the States to agree not to construct toll
facilities on the route of an interstate
highway without the concurrence of the
Secretary of Commerce and that the
Secretary of Commerce would be re-
quired to report to Congress any viola-
tion of this agreement. His report would
include recommendations as to effective
enforcement action to be taken, which
action would be carried out unless with-
in 60 days either the House or Senate
passed a resolution disapproving his pro-
posed action.
The Department of Commerce, by let-
ter dated July 1, 1965-signed by the
general counsel of the Department-
commenting on my bill, H.R. 2958, stated
that:
While this Department would have no ob-
jection to that portion of the bill which
would require that all project agreements for
projects on the Interstate System contain a
clause prohibiting toll facility construction
without concurrence therein by the Secre-
tary, the remaining provisions of the bill
would not be considered desirable.
In my opinion, H.R. 2958 contained
effective desirable provisions which would
go far toward correcting the possibility
of additional toll traps on the Interstate
System. Nevertheless, the chances of
having the bill enacted over the objec-
tions of the Department of Commerce
are remote. Accordingly, I am intro-
ducing a new bill which would delete the
provisions objected to by the Department
of Commerce and retain those parts to
which the Department would have no
objection. The text of the bill follows
and I am hopeful that the Congress will
take early and favorable action on the
bill.
26785
(A bill to amend section 129(b) of title 23,
United States Code, relating to toll roads,
bridges, and tunnels on the National Sys-
tem of Interstate and Defense Highways)
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of Amer-
ica in Congress assenybled, That subsection
(b) of section 129, United States Code, is
amended by adding the following material
after the last sentence of the subsection:
"After the date of enactment of this Act,
all agreements between the Secretary and a
State highway department for the construc-
tion of projects on the Interstate System
shall contain a clause providing that no toll
road, bridge, or tunnel will be constructed on
the interstate highway route involved with-
out the official concurrence of the Secretary.
The Secretary shall not concur in any such
construction unles she shall affirmatively
find that, under the particular. circumstances
existing, the construction of such road,
bridge, or tunnel as a toll facility rather than
a toll-free facility is in the public interest."
THE KENNEDY ROUND IS THE FO-
CUS FOR WORLD TRADE PROB-
LEMS
(Mr. WIDNALL (at the request of
Mr. BROYHILL of North Carolina) was
granted permission to extend his remarks
at this point in the RECORD and to include
extraneous matter.)
Mr. WIDNALL. Mr. Speaker, on
Wednesday, October 13, our colleague,
the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. CUR-
TIS] delivered a speech on the floor of the
House entitled "Commercial Policy at
the Crossroads: The Kennedy Round Is
Focus for Solving Major Trade Prob-
lems." Although he outlined many of
the problems facing successful trade ne-
gotiations at the Kennedy round, his
conclusion, which I share, was that with
tough bargaining many of our trade goals
can be achieved through the Kennedy
round.
In the course of his remarks, Congress-
man CURTIS made another contribution
to our understanding of the tactics which
must be used by our negotiators. He laid
to rest the notion first raised by an ar-
ticle in the October 11 Washington Post,
that the United States was tentatively
beginning planning to bypass the Euro-
pean Economic Community in some new
form of trade arrangement.
The significance of this speech did not
go unnoticed in the financial press. Mr.
Peter Greenough, financial editor of the
Boston Globe, in commenting on the
speech in his column of October 14, re-
iterated the two. reasons why this sug-
gested notion to bypass the EEC would
be unsound. First, it conflicts directly
with the most-favored-nation principle,
that duties applied on -goods from one
country apply to goods from all coun-
tries. This cardinal principle of our
trade policy cannot be abandoned. Sec-
ondly, the rumor ignores, the fact that
one aim of the Kennedy round is to
knock down Common Market trade bar-
riers.
Mr. Greenough continued by saying:
No such change has been made, and the
authority for this is Congressman THOMAS B.
CURTIS, Republican, of Missouri, the one
Member of Congress who has kept a constant
grasp on the Kennedy round's pulse.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 20, 1965
CURTIS took to the House floor yesterday to
knock down the notion, anyoneis trying to
bypass Paris.
Greenough concluded that:
In any case, the thing now seems to sit
in a bit of a vacuum. And we as a nation
cannot afford it. Tom CURTIS is one of the
few, all too few, in Congress who appreciate
the big chips in this trade game.
I: include the full text of the article
from the Boston Globe of October 14
at this point:
VITAL IN TRADE TALKS-IGNORE FRANCE?
No EASY TASK
(By Peter B. Greenough)
Europe has been chewing on a hot rumor
these last few days-that the United States
may be contemplating an end-run around
France in the Kennedy Round trade talks at
Geneva.
The Washington Post started it. The idea,
as the Post postulated things, is that we
ajar for the European Economic Community
(Common Market) countries to hop aboard
later on, once their own internal scrapping
had been settled.
'.Intriguing cocktail talk notion, except for
a couple of practical realities.
First, in all our trade relationships there
is a key item called the most-favored-
nation clause. What it means is that the
duties we apply on goods from one major ex-
porting nation apply equally to imports from
other sources.
By law, therefore, any two-tiered tariff
arrangement would be illegal.
Then, too, the basic aim of the Kennedy
Round is to knock down Common Market
trade barriers. A strange way it would in-
deed be to let EEC's duties rise and others
fall; the whole ball of wax might unravel.
Moreover, any such move-altogether too
crass a piece of diplomatic pressure for any
civilized nation-would also represent a
major shift in U.S. trade strategy.
No such change has been made, and the
authority for this is Congressman TieomAs B.
CURTIS, Republican, of Missouri, the one
Member of Congress who has kept a constant
grasp on the Kennedy Round's pulse.
CURTIS took to the House floor yesterday
to knock down the notion anyone is trying
to bypass Paris.
To Illustrate how ridiculous this notion is
in. the first place, consider a remark made
to the Globe recently by Otmar Emminger,
member of the governing board of West
German's Central Bank.
In view of the fact that Germany, the
United States, and other members of the so-
called Group of Ten managed to establish
a prop for the British pound without
France's help, we asked Emminger if it
might be carried further, to the point that
a new international monetary setup could
be arranged without France's presence?
Emminger vigorously denied it.
By like token, you can apply this same
reasoning to the Kennedy round. Increasing
of trade and provision, for more liquidity (or
funds to support trade, in this case) are
like Mike 'n Ike. Nothing meaningful could
possibly be achieved without France.
Representative CURTIS presently is less
optimistic about the Kennedy round's suc-
cessful outcome than he was last May while
visiting Geneva. Nevertheless, he has not
reached the degree of despair we have de-
tected here and there.
The first order of business, he suggests, is
for everyone to bend themselves toward a
successful ending at Geneva. After that we
should begin worrying about getting a new
trade bill through Congress in 1967.
Conceivably the Congressman Is pushing
the wrong cart. The way Kennedy round
talks drag, it looks as if authority for the
United States to be a continuing part of
them will be directly up to Congress in
another year.
While trade promoters in Washington are
about it, they also might start serious
thinking on lumping all such efforts under
one tent.
State Department (and the Executive)
snatched away Congress' prerogative in con-
nection with the Canadian auto parts pact.
Ambassador Christian Herter's office,
created specifically to push the Kennedy
round, seems to have lost some of its zip
(conceivably due to Mr. Herter's ill health).
In any case, the thing now seems to sit in
a bit of a vacuum. And we as a nation
cannot afford it. Tom CURTIS is one of the
few, all t9o few, in Congress who appreciate
the big Lips In this trade game.
VIETNAM DEMONSTRATIONS
(Mr. CHAMBERLAIN (at the request
of Mr. BROYHILL of North Carolina) was
granted permission to extend his re-
marks at this point in the RECORD and
to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker,
these past few days have been filled with
comments about the anti-Vietnam dem-
onstrators who have so blatantly used
their democratic freedoms to create con-
fusion with respect to the determination
of the vast majority of the American
people regarding our presence in South
Vietnam. The real damage, Mr.
Speaker, comes not from their meaning-
less parades and their defiance of Fed-
eral law because these acts and their
repulsive connotations are decried by
every thinking American. No, their real
damage is to the morale of American
troops in South Vietnam. Rather than
giving attention to the small minority
who have seen fit to abuse their free-
doms, I would like to reconfirm my grati-
tude to our boys in Vietnam who are
bravely defending the cause of freedom
for their generation. Certainly these
boys do not like the idea of being in the
jungles of Vietnam, but realizing the
needs of their country they have ac-
cepted orders and displayed courage and
valor in what is a seemingly endless bat-
tle for the right of men to choose their
own government.
It is understandable that there have
been some complaints among these sol-
diers, but those of us who have visited
South Vietnam and have had the oppor-
tunity to talk with our service people
have found a near unanimity of opinion
supporting U.S. objectives in this trou-
bled area. These boys realize that we
must remain in Vietnam because, as one
young man told me, "I would rather
fight them here than at home." These
boys are risking their lives and dying for
the cause of freedom and no amount of
irresponsible demonstrating should de-
tract our attention from the service they
are rendering to the American people.
(Mr. CURTIS (at the request of Mr.
BROYHILL of North Carolina) was granted
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include
extraneous matter.)
[Mr. CURTIS' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
STRATIONS AGAINST OUR
FOREIGN POLICY
(Mr. McDADE (at the request of Mr.
BROYHILL of North Carolina) was grant-
ed permission to extend his remarks at
this point in the RECORD and to include
extraneous matter.)
Mr. McDADE. Mr.. Speaker, over the
past year we have seen the development
of something new in the history of
America. It began some months ago in
a Midwestern university, when a teach-
in was organized by a few members of
the faculty and by some of the stu-
dents, to parade their disagreement with
our policies in. the Vietnam, war.
It has spread since then to a nation-
ally televised teach-in, to a nationally
televised debate on Vietnam, to a public
burning of draft cards, and now to a
threated march on Washington to pro-
test our involvement in the war in Viet-
nam.
Mr. Speaker, the tragedy of these ac-
tions is one that has many faces.
There is a tradition in our Nation
that says that freedom of speech is a
sacred thing. Under this great doctrine,
the people of America have debated
every issue which has come before our
Nation. But under it, too, there has
grown an equally sacred tradition which
says: "When the bullets start to fly,
when our men are dying on the battle-
field, the voice of America will be one
voice that our enemies may hear
clearly."
We are not speaking with one voice to-
day. Our enemies are taking great con-
solation from a small divisive group
among us. Daily the newspapers and
radio stations behind the Iron Curtain
report with glee the divisive influences
in America. They are reporting them,
not as the voice of a small minority of
ill-comprehending youth and ill-advised
professors, but as the voice of America.-
and they are deceiving themselves and
their peoples in so reporting.
Out of this deceit may well come a
prolongation of the war in Vietnam.
Out of it may well come a new toll of
death among our soldiers, our sailors,
our marines, our airmen, who are fighting
with bravery in one of the most difficult
wars in the history of our Nation.
There is another tragedy to this which
I must point out. It has long been true
that trouble catches the headlines. So
on the front pages of the papers of the
Nation last Sunday there were headlines
screaming about the parades and teach-
ins protesting our involvement in Viet-
nam. It was not readily apparent from
the reading of the headlines that the
group involved was pitifully small.
These headlines went to our men in Viet-
nam, the men who were marching out
into the jungle or flying over North Viet-
nam in furtherance of our war effort;
and as they marched out to possible
death- or torture, they could read their
own noble commitments being de-
nounced by fellow Americans.
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October 20, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
It is difficult to speak in reasoned
tones about these incidents. There is a
swelling tide of anger in America over
them, and I am one of those who has
become angry.
It has been the tradition, not of Amer-
ica alone, but of the whole history of
civilization that our teachers should lead
the young into the paths of truth and
righteousness. We have a tradition of
teaching in America that has produced
great minds, great souls, even noble souls.
It is a monumental tragedy that a very
small portion of our teachers in 1965
have lost sight of that tradition.
In the current Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists there is an article by Prof.
Kenneth E. Boulding, who presided over
the first teach-in at the University of
Michigan. It is an article which is de-
signed to show how splendidly and in-
telligently the teach-in was conducted,
and how brilliantly it was geared to the
Vietnamese war. But it is monumental-
ly tragic that the essay on self praise
spoke no one word about the vast prob-
lem of facing a Communist power in
China which is pledged to dominate Asia,
and eventually the world-through vio-
lence. There is no word about the thou-
sands and thousands of murders com-
mitted by the Vietcong. There is no
word about the ultimate question: Just
what would happen to the people of
South Vietnam if we did get out?
Mr. Speaker, I believe it is time for the
teachers involved in these teach-in pro-
grams to look to themselves again. If
they are looking for sensationalism, then
I believe they are in the. wrong pro-
fession. Teaching is supposed to be a
quiet search for truth. I do not believe
these teach-ins are pursuing eternal
verities.
There are nearly 150,000 of our brave
men presently committed to the fight to
save the people of South Vietnam from
Communist slavery. We have made a
pledge to save them. We must keep it,
in the name of all that is sacred to our
own traditions, and in the name of basic
human decency.
It is not possible for me to be with our
troops in Vietnam to tell them that
America stands beside them in their
fight, in our fight. But I would consider
myself remiss if I did not state this in
the Halls of Congress, where the men
and women who represent the Nation
may speak.
I hope, Mr. Speaker, that the cruel
stupidity of the teach-in may soon be-
come evident to the foolish teachers and
the misguided students who are engag-
ing in this work to give aid and comfort
to the enemy.
I hope also, Mr. Speaker, that the
agents of our Federal Government will
take swift and proper action against
those people who are destroying their
draft cards as their protest against our
involvement in Vietnam.
Finally, Mr. Speaker, a word about
the proposed march on Washington. I
have not bothered to note the date of
this proposed march. I have no inten-
tion of noting the date. I merely wish
to note that I shall not be in my office
to meet any marchers coming to Wash-
ington. I hope none come from among
No. 196-32
the great patriots in my own 10th Con-
gressional District, where my constitu-
ents know the meaning of this war, and
know they must stand solidly with our
fighting men. In any event, I have no
desire to see any marchers, to discuss
anything with any marchers. I shall
make a conscious effort to be absent
when they arrive. I have nothing to
discuss with them. I would, however,
suggest that if they really need conversa-
tion, they travel into the central high-
lands of Vietnam, to discuss their prob-
lems with our soldiers and marines in
the jungles. That conservation should
be profitable for them.
CRISIS IN OUR FISCAL POLICY
(Mr. McDADE was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, we are
facing this year something of a crisis
in our fiscal policy. We have voted the
largest budget in the history of the Na-
tion. No one can be unaware of the
importance of saving wherever saving is
possible. We have called upon the De-
partments of the Federal Government to
exercise the wisest prudence in their ex-
penditures. We have called upon them
to do so in the past. .
It is indeed a pleasure for me to re-
port in this House that in the person of
Mr. Frank C. Memmott, Acting Director
of the Bureau of Mines, there is one
man who is well aware of the need to
save money and who is doing something
about it today just as he did something
about it yesterday. At my request, Mr.
Memmott has made available to me cer-
tain documents and directives originat-
ing in the Bureau of Mines which are
specifically aimed at saving as much
money as possible. I am inserting those
directives in the RECORD at this point
for all of you to read:
To: Assistant directors.
From: Director.
Subject: Convention and foreign travel.
Travel to conventions and foreign coun-
tries to attend meetings of technical societies
is worthwhile and the Bureau of Mines
should be represented at the meetings where
a definite benefit from such attendance is
26787
clearly demonstrable. However, the num-
ber of requests for convention and foreign
travel being received for approval leads me
to believe that insufficient thought is given
by the persons involved to the need for the
requested travel.
There has been and continues to be In-
creased emphasis by the Congress on reduc-
tion of travel expenses of Government em-
ployees. Furthermore, it is the announced
policy of President Johnson and Secretary
Udall to utilize our manpower to the full-
est extent in order to advance our techni-
cal programs as rapidly as possible with
available funds. Personnel attending for-
eign sponsored meetings and conventions
without good cause are not being utilized
fully.
Supervisors at all levels of operation
should carefully consider all applications
for convention and foreign travel and for-
ward only those which appear to fit the
criteria for 'serious need for attendance. I
am personally interested in making an all-
out effort to reduce travel expenses to a
minimum and owing to the comparatively
large expense involved in both convention
and foreign travel this naturally is an item
which will bear close scrutiny.
FRANK C. MEMMOTT,
Director.
APRIL, 20, 1965.
To: Director, through Assistant Director,
Health and Safety.
From: Chief, Division of Coal Mine Inspec-
tion.
Subject: Reducing cost of travel.
On April 7, 1965, I attended a conference
with officials of the Freeman Coal Mining
Corp. and health and safety district D, Bu-
reau of Mines, at the company's office, West
Frankfort, Ill. When the conference was ar-
ranged, we anticipated that it would not be
concluded until late in the afternoon which
meant the only available return flight would
be at 7:45 a.m., April 8, from Evansville,
Ind.a 2-hour- drive from West Frankfort.
Inasmuch as we were able to complete the
conference before 12 noon on April 7, I
contacted the Eastern Air Lines office in
Evansville and arranged to change my flight
time from 7:45 a.m., April 8, to 3:30 p.m.,
April 7. My scheduled flight at 7:45 a.m. on
April 8 returning from Evansville, Ind., was
first class, the only available accommodation
on that flight. Inasmuch as I was able to
obtain tourist-class accommodations on the
return flight on the afternoon of April 7,
a saving,of $10.70 in air fare and a saving of
$8 per diem was realized.
I am giving you this statement to prove
that we are quite sincere in our efforts to cut
costs wherever possible.
H. F. WEAVER.
Administration________________________
$93,400
$65,694
70.3
$93, 710
$62, 573
66.7
Mineral resource development----------
271, 271,700
221,375
81.4
279, 090
183
787
65
8
Minerals research______________________
402, 500
356, 491
88.5
389,500
,
325
525
.
83
5
Health and safety______________________
336,900
365,054
105.3
366, 800
,
308, 575
.
84. 1
Helium--------------------------------
61,300
53, 676
87.5
85, 900
62,756
73.0
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
BUREAU OF MINES,
Washington, D.C., July 6, 1965.
To: Assistant directors.
From: Director.
Subject: Travel.
You are aware of my insistence that every
Bureau of Mines official charged with the re-
sponsibility of approving travel exercise
prudence and care in the expenditure of such
funds. With your ccoperation, in fiscal year
1965 we did a good job of restricting travel
only to those trips we considered absolutely
essential for conduct of the Bureau's busi-
ness. During the 19,66 fiscal year, I am again
soliciting your help in exercising a tight con-
trol over the expenditures -of the Bureau's
travel funds. One way to accomplish our
goal is for you to alert all members of your
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 20, 1965
staff to review carefully their requirements
and plans for travel.
With respect to travel by assistant direc-
tors, starting immediately I will expect an
absence from the office notice (form 6-536)
to be on my desk at least 5 days before a pro-
poscd trip. In certain. emergencies where
such notification is impossible, verbal notice
should be given if practical. I will expect
the absence form to be prepared in enough
detfdl to provide me with full information
regarding the purpose of the trip.
Similar procedures should be set up for
the personnel under your direction.
FRANK C. MEMMOTT,
Acting Director.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
I3UREAU OF MINES,
Washington, D.C., August 27, 1965.
To: Assistant Directors, Headquarters Divi-
sion Chiefs, Area Directors, Research
Center Directors.
From: Director.
Subject: Travel.
We are all well aware of our obligation to
carefully and continuously monitor our
travel commitments. In addition to our ef-
forts in this direction and the concern ex-
pressed by the congressional committees,
President Johnson and Secretary Udall, per-
sonilly,. have directed that travel be re-
stricted to those instances that are clearly
essential to the effective performance of the
Government's most urgent programs.
The obligation to conform to this policy at-
taches to all persons to whom authority has
been delegated to approve travel, as well as
to their supervisors. The funds allotted to
offices, laboratories, and projects are con-
trolled by objects and we know that each
supervisor establishes his work plans with
the limitations on such. objects as travel in
mind.
Aside from the travel that is essential to
the effective conduct and management of the
Bureau's specifically authorized projects and
programs, it is expected that our presence at
certain public affairs, meetings and conven-
tions is necessary to maintain appropriate
Government, public, and industry relation-
ships and to gain the scientific and commer-
cial knowledge that is important to the
planning and conduct of our work. But the
fact remains that the total funds available
for travel is fixed and we are expected to not
only perform all of our obligations within
that total but to implement controls that
insure that expenditures are well below it.
This year a number of new national pro-
grams of particular significance, such as the
wilderness investigations and the scrap stud-
ies, involves the need for extensive travel on
the part of numerous people. Moreover,
travel that isessential and clearly necessary
to the conduct and management of our con-
tinning research and investigative programs
involves substantial expenditures. In ap-
proving travel for other purposes each of us
recognizes that funds remaining for the con-
duct of our authorized work are reduced by
a like amount. Therefore, in contemplating
travel for any purpose, each of us must, in
his own mind, be completely satisfied that
his decision is correct.
In weighing the merits of individual in-
stances of travel, ultimate approval of for-
eign trips rests with the Secretary and, in
other cases, with this office. We expect in
these instances that appropriate judgment
has been exercised by the originator of the
request as well as the supervising offices. The
fact that approval might rest elsewhere in
no sense relieves the proposed traveler of his
obligation to objectively determine what the
cost means in terms of our total obligations
and if it is clearly essential.
FRANK C. MEMMOTT.
Mr. Speaker, I wish to give my own
personal commendation to Mr. Memmott
for his work in this direction. I hope
that every Director in every section of
the Federal Government will take note of
his fine activities and will go and do like-
wise. It is certainly an effort that is well
worth the commendation of this entire
body.
THE WIZARD'S NEW ROLE
(Mr. ASHBROOK was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the
Washington Daily News has a very inci-
sive editorial in their October 20 edition.
It deals with the 5th amendment testi-
mony of Imperial Wizard Robert M.
Shelton before the House Committee on
Un-American Activities. I heard his en-
tire testimony-or possibly I should say
his lack thereof-and it is quite a con-
trast compared to his previous invective
and loud talk. Like most demagogs, he
issued a pious and self-serving declara-
tion afterwards that he was fighting for
freedom and so forth. He isn't fighting
for freedom, Mr. Speaker. By his own
admission he is fighting to prevent the
Negro from attaining his constitutional
deavor to use the equal protection clause
of the 14th amendment in his declina-
tions to respond to questions dealing with
everything from his title to mismanage-
ment of funds. He is dead set against
the Negro achieving any rights through
the equal protection clause but he cer-
tainly found it a safe sanctuary for the
time being. I am hopeful that we will be
cited for Contempt of Congress. The
Daily News editorial hits the nail right
on the head, and it follows:
THE WIZARD'S NEW ROBE
The U.S. Constitution surely is one of the
most wondrous protective garments ever con-
ceived by man. It shields alike the innocent
and the guilty, the sheep and the wolf, the
accuser and the accused.
Now it gathers under its capacious skirts
even the Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux
Klan.
This in itself is irony of high degree. For
the Constitution and Its amendments are
repugnant to every tenet and every trapping
of the Klan.
Yet Mr. Robert Shelton, who heads the
United Klans of America, has found the Con-
stitution a more comfortable garment in
which to wrap himself than the robe and
hood of his organization.
He invoked not only the 5th but also the
lst, 4th, and 14th amendments to avoid
giving the House Un-American Activities
Committee any information about the Klan.
It was an interesting selection, to say the
least.
The first amendment guarantees freedom
of religion, of speech, of press, of assembly
and of petition for redress of grievances. Do
Klansmen believe in these freedoms for
Negroes, for Catholics, for Jews, for anyone
who opposes them?
The fourth amendment safeguards the
right of people to be secure against search
and seizure except under full color of the law.
Do Klansmen wait for warrants before start-
ing on midnight forays?
The fifth amendment does more than pro-
tect a person against self-incrimination. It
further pledges that no one shall be deprived
of life, liberty, or property without due pros=
ess of law. Do the noose and the whip, the
torch and the gun comprise due process of
law?
The 14th amendment's use in this instance
is most Ironic of all. It guarantees full citi-
zenship to all persons born or naturalized
In the United States-including Negroes-
and forbids States to pass laws abridging
this privilege. Was it not to thwart the pur-
poses of this amendment that the Ku Klux
Klan was born?
Mr. Shelton, of course, has the privilege
of invoking these or any other constitutional
provisions if he wishes. As a citizen, he is
under the protection of the Constitution no
matter what he may think of its application
to others. So are his fellow Klansmen.
But the American people will form their
own opinion of men who hide behind con-
stitutional immunity as readily as they hide
behind robes and hoods.
(Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania (at the
request of Mr. BROYHILL of North Caro-
lina) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and include extraneous matter.)
nix. FULTON of Pennsylvania's re-
mar appear hereafter in the Ap-
p e]
W THE UNITED STATES GOT IN-
VOLVED IN VIETNAM
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Ohio [Mr. AsHSROOK] is rec-
ognized for 15 minutes.
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, re-
cently I received a report published by
the Center for the Study of Democratic
Institutions of the Furld For the Repub-
lic, Inc., entitled, "How the United States
Got Involved in Vietnam," by Robert
Scheer. The author's background and
qualifications were described thus:
Robert Scheer is coauthor with Maurice
Zeitlin of the book, "Cuba: Tragedy in Our
Hemisphere." A correspondent for Ram-
parts and the Realist, Mr. Scheer has recently
returned from a trip to southeast Asia.
Later I received an appraisal of the re-
port, plus a much more generous run-
down on Mr. Scheer's background, from
another recipient of the report, the Hon-
orable RICHARD H. ICHORD, of Missouri,
who is my colleague on the House Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities. He
made an excellent reply to the letter we
both received.
Because it is virtually impossible for a
congressional office to thoroughly digest
all informative materials which it regu-
larly receives, the following insertions
should prove useful in evaluating the re-
port, "How the United States Got In-
volved in Vietnam":
LETTER OF REPRESENTATIVE RICHARD ICHORD
Recently I received from you a copy of
"How the United States Got Involved in
Vietnam," by Robert Scheer, which you de-
scribed as "the best short treatment of this
subject I have ever seen." After a very
thorough reading of the material, I must
strongly disagree with your conclusion.
The publication is filled with half-truths,
distortions, implications, innuendoes, and
inferences which lead one to believe that Ho
Chi Minh is the George Washington of Viet-
nam and any American who has had any
part in our involvement is guilty of stopping
a legitimate revolution. For example, in
the section entitled "The Lobby," Mr. Scheer
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October 20, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
implies that our involvement in Vietnam was
the result of a plot carried out by such dis-
tinguished Americans as JOHN F. KENNEDY,
MAURINE NEUBERGER, EDNA KELLEY, EMANUEL
CELLER, and Cardinal Spellman. I would
also point Out to you that the Fund For The
Republic, which allegedly sponsored the
publication of the material, has been de-
nounced by the very people who provided the
money for its establishment.
I am equally confident that you were also
unaware of Mr. Scheer's previous efforts in
behalf of the Vietcong, Fidel Castro, and
Mao Tse Tung.
I enclose a brief resume of Mr. Scheer's
activities which I am also sending to all
Members of Congress for their Information.
I am sending this to them as I believe they
should be informed of the kind of material
being printed and distributed by an al-
leged education organization which enjoys
a tax-exempt status. I, of course, am send-
ing it only to the Members who received a
copy from you.
With warmest personal regard, I am
Sincerely yours,
RICHARD H. ICHORD,
Member of Congress.
ENCLOSURE PREPARED BY REPRESENTATIVE
ICHORD ON ROBERT SCHEER
(The following is a brief resume of the
previous activities of Mr. Robert Scheer,
based on documented evidence held In the
files of the House Committee on Un-Ameri-
can Activities.)
1. Robert Scheer is a former executive
(Mr. ADDABBO (at the request of
Mr. REDLIN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
[Mr. ADDABBO'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
FENCING AND SPRAYING POSE
DUAL THREAT TO. ANTELOPE
ON PUBLIC GRAZING LANDS
(Mr. REUSS (at the request of Mr.
REDLIN) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, I am deeply
concerned over the welfare of antelope
herds on our federally owned public
grazing lands in the West. I warned
earlier that the erection of thousands of
miles of fences on these public lands in-
hibited the movement of antelope herds
which must range widely for the food
and water they need to survive.
This concern prompted me on Septem-
ber 30, 1965, to introduce H.R. 11359, a
bill to prohibit the erection of fences
which impede the movement of wildlife
on public lands used for grazing and
other purposes.
26789
is heard a discouraging word and the deer
and the antelope play.
Not any more.. At least not in Wyoming
where the hottest controversy in years is
boiling up among conservationists, sports-
men, ranchers, and the Bureau of Land Man-
agement. At stake is the future of the
pronghorn antelope, America's only genuine
and distinct mammal-a species which has
no living relatives in any other part of the
world.
The fleet-footed, graceful and colorful
pronghorn antelope is a creature of the
prairies and wide-open spaces. It once
ranged over an area of 2 million square miles
in the central part of the continent-north
into Canada, south into Mexico, east to Iowa
and west to Oregon, Washington, and some
parts of California. Some estimates of its
numbers in the early 1800's ran as high as
30 to 40 million animals. But less than 75
years later, a 2-year survey in 1922-24 by
State and Federal conservation agenices re-
vealed that only about 26,600 antelope were
left in the 16 Western States. It looked like
the end of the pronghorn as a. game animal
and almost all of the States moved quickly
to close the seasons and give the antelope
full legal protection. Within 30 years, how-
ever, the antelope came back. Between 1924
and 1957, Wyoming's antelope herd increased
from less than 7,000 to 105,000; in Montana
from about 3,000 to 59,000; in Arizona from
about 650 to more than 9,000. Today, sur-
veys indicate antelope herds on the remain-
ing range may total over 300,000 animals.
Now, however, the fate of the antelope
rests not so much with the hunter as it does
with other users of its range, especially with
Government agencies which control those
uses. Today, it is not the hunting rifle that
poses a threat to the welfare of these popu-
lar and important animals; rather, the doom
of the antelope may well be determined by
the erection of fences and the application
of herbicides on its home on the range.
As with all wild birds and animals, habitat
is the key to antelope abundance. But un-
like many game animals, antelope habitat
has but two simple characteristics-plenty
of sagebrush and plenty of wide open space.
Over most of its present range, these two
simple requirements are also characteristics
of federally owned land in the Western
States-land still left in the public domain
and administered by the Department of the
Interior's Bureau of Land Management
through its State directors and advisory
rornla.at Berkeley chapter of the Fair Play OIi October 9, 1965, the Bureau of
for Cuba Committee. Land Management issued a position
2. Robert Scheer has traveled to Vietnam. statement on its fencing policy on pub-
He appeared as an introductory speaker at a licly owned lands in the West. I dis-
showing of the film entitled "War in Viet- cussed this statement-CONGRESSIONAL
nam." The film was prepared by the Na- RECORD, October 14, 1965, pages 26092-
tional Liberation Front of South 'Vietnam, 26094-and reported that I was encour-
"Vietcong," and was confiscated by Federal aged that the ELM was recommending a
authorities in New. York. tightening of its fencing policy.
Robert Scheer was among the first stu- The threat antelope .
the
dents to violate the Cuban travel ban. An network of fences s on p on p posed owned
investigation of this travel by the House netwoublicly owned
Committee on Un-American Activities indi- grazing lands-over 6,100 miles of such
cated the trip was financed to a large degree fencing has been erected in Wyoming
by a foreign power. While in Cuba, the stu- alone-is described in an excellent arti-
dents cheered at a film showing American cle in the October 15 issue of Conserva-
aircraft being shot down. tion News, a publication of the National
4. Robert Scheer's book "Cuba: Tragedy Wildlife Federation.
in Our Hemisphere," damns the U.S. policies
and defiles Fidel Castro. The article points out that the' ELM
signea a petition urging President Kennedy
to adopt a fairer policy toward Cuba.
6. Robert Scheer is actively engaged in the
programs of the Women's, Strike for Peace
and appears in their "deonstrations," in-
cluding the massive march in Times Square,
New York City, coinciding with the march on
Washington.
7. The following are but a few of the
many quotes attributed to Robert Scheer:
"We cannot expect Jack Kennedy to feel
the necessity of political freedom-he. has
never been threatened by the state, never
questioned by the secret police (FBI), never
seen his parents arrested as political 11
prisoners.
"You must talk about the economic de-
velopment of Communist China and the role
oards. Indeed, two out of every three
on still another program that could cut pronghorn antelope alive today are found on
down on the antelope population-aerial lands administered by this single Bureau.
spraying to kill sagebrush. Cattle and Here is where the fate of the antelope
sheep do not eat the hardy plant, but it hangs In the balance-a balance of uses for
1s a staple in the antelope's diet. the public domain. Until fairly recently,
Since an estimated two-thirds of our there was little, if any, conflict but today
antelope live on public lands admin- beginning new a techniques and
the
rapid new materials spell
io e s
istered by the BLM, it follows that the days, the greatest single change. From these lands
Bureau's policy on management of this has been andStillis) the use
grazing eof sheep
land will play an important role in de- and cattle. It is a land use upon which a
termining the future of antelope herds. rich and powerful industry has been built
Congress originally directed the BLM and for years, many livestock operators have
to manage these public lands for mul- considered grazing to be the only use for
tiple uses, including livestock production, Fwhich r tnunatatyfore eupe,
wildlife habitat, recreation and timber no Fo great ely for problem r in ant their s sharing there the has range
production. with cattle or sheep. Occasionally a feeling
The Conservation News
of
ti
l
i
ar
c
e
mplies
resentment cropped up among some
of profit in the perversion of the American that this directive is not being followed ranchers who felt the antelope were com-
consumer." by the BLM. peting with their cattle or sheep for the
"As imperfect as they may be, Nasser, Mao, I include a Co available forage. Wildlife biologists, how-
Toure, and Castro have liberated their people py of the article by Wil- ever, long since have proved that with proper
for the first time have modern history and we lard T. Johns, Assistant Chief of the Di- stocking rates of domestic livestock and game
as a people oppose them." vision of Conservation Education of the there is little competition for specific food .
8. Robert Scheer is an announced partici- National Wildlife Federation: plants.
pant In the coming international days of WHERE THE LIVESTOCK, BUT NOT THE ANTE-
protest on October 15 and 16 which is spon- LOPE, CAN PLAY
sored by. the. Vietnam day committee. This (By Will Johns)
is the committee which attempted to halt The West, according to the popular ballad,
the.troop trains in California, is supposed to be the place where seldom
Still another ballad expressing the feeling
of the old West contained the line, "Don't
fence me in." And, until recent years, most
of the people and all of the antelope felt
that fences on the open range were too costly
and really unnecessary. Where some control
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 20, 19G5
11359) in the 89th Congress. The REuss bill
directs the Secretary of the Interior to ban
from the public lands any fence which im-
pedes the movement of wildlife. If the Sec-
retary finds a grazing licensee has built such
a fence, he shall require it to be removed by
the licensee, and shall see that it is removed
at the licensee's expense if the licensee fails
to remove it himself within 30 days. Any fu-
ture illegal fencing shall be the cause for a
revocation of the grazing license.
As storm clouds gather over the home on
the range for antelope, livestock, fences and
sprayed sagebrush, one point should be made
clear. This is not a fight for a single use of
the public domain, but rather a fight based
on the prniciple of multiple use-a principle
which by law and regulation is supposed to
be applied to all of the 18 million acres in
Wyoming and 176 million acres in the 11
Western States administered by the Bureau
of' and Management. Sportsmen of the
Equality State and conservationists through-
out the Nation. are asking that the antelope
be given equal consideration., along with
cattle, sheep, horses and other creatures,
both wild and domesticated, which live where
the buffalo once roamed and the skies are
not cloudy all day.
or watchfulness over flocks of sheep or herds
of cattle was necessary, livestock operators
used cowboys or sheepherders. Today, how-
ever, most of the cowboys and other "riders
of the purple sage" are seen only on tele-
vision, at dude ranchs, or in rodeos. Con-
trol of grazing now is beginning to take the
form of fences-wire fences strung mile after
mile across the range in, order to divide graz-
ing units and keep sheep and cattle off the
highways. These fences do keep
within well-defined areas, of course, and do
eliminate the cost of hiring men to watch
over them. But for the antelope, fences
pose a serious problem. Unlike deer and
other big game, antelope normally are not
good high jumpers. Some pronghorns do
have the ability to get across fences, even
when running at full speed (up to 50 miles
per hour) by projecting themselves through
or under the strands of barbed wire. Most
adults in time have learned how to jump
over a 4-foot fence but many are still lost
where fences corner during severe snow-
storms. Young antelope, however, usually
wind up entangled in the wire or are com-
pletely blocked from traditional migration
ily as the Diamond Ring Ranch, with cattle
using, the allotment. When the ranch was
sold several years ago, the new owner applied
to the Bureau of Land management for per-
mission to graze both cattle and sheep on
the land, as well as permission to construct
about 30 miles of sheep-tight fencing. Per-
mission to graze sheep was granted. The
Bureau, however, has an agreement of long
standing with the Wyoming Game and Fish
Department to consult with it before au-,
thorizing any fences on the public land. In
this case, the department refused to give
approval because the fencing would be detri-
mental to the antelope. Last summer, how-
ever, a survey of this area showed that the 30
miles of fence had been erected on the public
domain without permission from BLM, the
Wyoming department, or anyone else. To
date, the fence is still up although affidavits
have been filed against the Diamond Ring
Ranch Company in the hope that the U.S.
attorney will file a civil suit compelling the
firm to tear it down.
TO resolve a growing problem and insure
the future of antelope in Wyoming, Tom
Bell, President of the Wyoming Wildlife Fed-
eration, has called for a 10-point program,
routes. follows:
Coupled with fencing is another, and as
equally serious, problem. In Wyoming as in 1. An indefinite moratorium on sheep-
many other places, much of the public do- tight fence on the public domain where
main has been badly overgrazed. The better antelope are inovolveall important antelope
forage grasses are gone, the top soil eroded ranges should be kept to a minimum. Where
ay, and the about thaeonly plant that es are absolutely necessary, they should
viva
reau ive of tough ag sagebrush. Thus can s u the Bu-
r
livestock be no more than a four-strand wire fence,
operators Land Management ent and the Lnge re- - with the bottom wire no less than 16 inches
are embarked on a major range r
habilitation program. Many techniques above ground level.
have been tried but currently the most popu- 3. A concentrated and intensive research
lar, and least expensive, seems to be aerial effort to determine the effects on antelope of
spraying of the herbicide 2,4-D in an oil sus- fences now in place.
pension. The objective is to kill out the 4? A review of grazing fees, with the
sagebrush, then reseed the range in the hope thought in mind that where minimum fences
that it will come back to grasses and other only are permitted, the fees would remain
forage for livestock. The only hitch is that low; otherwise, where the public is subsidiz-
1n many places the only top soil left is the ing the building of fences, the fees would be
little bit held together under the sagebrush scaled upward.
6. A modification of a number of fences
plants. When they are destroyed,way and wind or lying on or across critical migration routes
amoun t t of reseeding will ever erosion sweeps that of antelope where these are known, the mod-
suitable a v bring back k
suitable forage cover. One study in Mon- ification to be as above.
6. A posting of all roads on all lands in
+.-a for example showed that after a sage- tits where there is an intersper-
di
THE SUGAR BILL
(Mr. HANSEN of Iowa (at the request
of Mr. REDLIN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
last Wednesday, October 13 on the floor
of the House we debated the sugar bill.
I felt that the people in my district were
entitled to information that would give
them a true picture of what transpired
and I therefore sent out on that day the
following radio press release. I include
it here for the benefit of my colleagues:
There has been a good deal of comment
both in and out of Congress regarding the
recently passed sugar bill. Most of this
rhetoric has been by persons who are more
interested in generating heat than they are
in bringing light on this subject.
Heat in itself is not necessarily bad, be-
cause as President Truman is reported to
have said, "If you can't stand the heat, get
out of the kitchen."
Unfortunately, however, numerous scurri-
lous and character defamation remarks were
directed toward members of the Committee
on Agriculture. This was uncalled for and
was not worthy of the proper debate that
should be observed in the House of Repre-
sentatives.
It pleased me greatly to see a large number
of Members from both sides of the aisle rise
to the defense of members of this capable
committee. In order to keep the record
straight, I hope all who are interested in this
debate will study carefully the entire text
as it appears in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.
It would be a grave mistake to rely only on
the fragmentary and out-of-context reports
that so readily abound.
This committee has worked long and hard
on some excellent farm legislation. It would
be tragic if we were to allow irresponsible
comments to cloud the issue and detract
from the work of these conscientious Mem-
bers of Congress.
s r
brush spraying program had been completed, gs azing c
sion of private and public lands. If the pub-
the grass cover increased only 1 percent. lie allows grazing on its land, the private
With this background, it is not too difficult landowner should certainly allow access
1 o understand the concern of Wyoming across theirs.
sportsmen, as well as that of conservationists 7 Immediate prosecution of any unau-
everywhere, over current fencing and spray- thorized fences and illegal signs.
the programs in the "Equality State." In 8. Immediate installation of livestock "ex-
the Bench Correll area of Sublette tte the County Bureau closures," 5 to 10 acres- in size, on the public
north of Big Piney, for example, range in order to determine range rehabili-nounc it to spry Management has an gebrus o plans Cation through natural processes and then to
y 2,4-D to kill out sagebrush on over compare results with present livestock al-
to spot
half of the e 64,000 acres in the next 8 years. latments.
Already, BLM has sprayed 5,000 acres and has 9 Immediate implementation of methods
scheduled application of the herbicide next to obtain better control of livestock numbers
Inge g re the most Bench fawn- n the public range. There is really no ex-
ago, on the Bench Wyoming Game Corral. Three years Warden s cuse for livestock owners receiving only a
ago, according h tantelope light slap on the wrist for consistently over-
Thomas, Dave Bench ch Corral the totaled 530 animals. population Last t stocking and overgrazing, and for willful
a. tie ass.
year BLM started, or permitted holders of 30 A concentrated and intensive research
grazing allotments to start, a fence building effort to determine the long-range effect of
program as well as spraying to eradicate the sagebrush spraying on all the ecological
sagebrush. The May 1965, spring census communities involved.
showed the antelope population had dropped Echoes of the fight to save the antelope
437 and 6 weetter the spraying of in the "Equality State" are now spreading
to 5,0 0
Tho0 acres, the co to that was p168 r animals. across the Nation. They sounded through
Thomas poants out tpt the spray doesn't in late August when the National
dctuallykil the antelope, are it apparently Wildlife Federation's officers, staff and board
does In drive them outs of the area and they don't n't of directors pledged support of the Wyoming
s egroll herds from which th hey d Wildlife Federation's stand and carried the
seem eem to o regroup. plea to save the pronghorn into the Wash-
located Another in "thehot spot" Rattlesnake the controversy sy is on ington offices of the Bureau of Land Man-
some some 20,000 acres known as the Cabin Creek agement.
battle is far from over
Allotment. This Includes 18,240 acres of
Federal land administered by BLM, 770 acres but it reached a new level of intensity on
of State land, and 1,670 acres of deeded land. September 30 when Representative HENRY S.
It was formerly operated by the Grieve fam- REuss of Wisconsin, introduced a bill (H.R.
(Mr. 130LAND (at the request of Mr.
REDLIN) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
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26788 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
staff to review carefully their requirements
and plans for travel.
With respect to travel by assistant direc-
tors, starting immediately I will expect an
absence from the office notice (form 6-536)
to be on my desk at least 5 days before a pro.
posed trip. In certain emergencies where
such notification is impossible, verbal notice
should be given if practical. I will expect
the absence form to be prepared in enough
detail to provide me with full information'
regarding the purpose of the trip.
Similar procedures should be set up for
the personnel under your direction.
FRANK C. MEMMOTT,
Acting Directo'.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
BUREAU OF MINES,
Washington, D.C., August 27, 1965.
To: Assistant Directors, Headquarters Divi-
sion Chiefs, Area Directors, Research
Center Directors.
From: Director.
Subject: Travel.
We are all well aware of our obligation to
carefully and continuously monitor our
travel commitments. In addition to our ef-
forts in this direction and the concern ex-
pressed by the congressional committees,
President Johnson and Secretary Udall, per-
sonally, have directed that travel be re-
stricted to those instances that are clearly
essential to the effective performance of the
Government's most urgent programs.
The obligation to conform to this policy at-
taches to all persons to whom authority has
been delegated to approve travel, as well as
to their supervisors. The funds allotted to
offices, laboratories, and projects are con-
trolled by. objects and we know that each
supervisor establishes his work plans with
the limitations on such objects as travel in
mind.
Aside from the travel that is essential to
the effective conduct and, management of the
Bureau's specifically authorized projects and
programs, it is expected, that our presence at
certain public affairs, meetings and conven-
tions is necessary to maintain appropriate
Government, public, and industry relation-
ships and to gain the scientific and commer-
cial knowledge that is important to the
planning and conduct of our work. But the
fact remains that the total funds available
for travel is fixed and we are expected to not
only perform all of our obligations within
that total but to implement controls that
insure that expenditures are well below it.
This year a number of new national pro-
grams of particular significance, such as the
wilderness investigations and the scrap stud-
ies, involves the need for extensive travel on
the part of numerous people. Moreover,
travel that is essential and clearly necessary
to the conduct and management of our con-
tinuing research and investigative programs
involves substantial expenditures. In ap-
proving travel for other purposes each of us
recognizes that funds remaining for the con-
duct of our authorized work are reduced by
alike amount. Therefore, in contemplating
travel for any purpose, each of us must, in
his own mind, be completely satisfied that
his decision is correct.
In weighing the merits of individual- in-
stances of travel, ultimate approval of for-
eign trips rests with the Secretary and, in
other cases, with this office. We expect in
these instances that appropriate judgment
has been exercised by the originator of the
request as well as the supervising offices. The
fact that approval might rest elsewhere in
no sense relieves the proposed traveler of his
obligation to objectively determine what the
cost means in terms of our total obligations
and if it is clearly essential.
FRANK C. MEMMOTT.
Mr. Speaker, I wish to give my own
personal commendation to Mr. Memmott
for his work in this direction. I hope
that every Director in every section of
the Federal Government will take note of
his fine activities and will go and do like-
wise. It is certainly an effort that is well
worth the commendation of this entire
body.
THE WIZARD'S NEW ROLE
(Mr. ASHBROOK was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the
Washington Daily News has a very inci-
sive editorial in their October 20 edition.
It deals with the 5th amendment testi-
mony of Imperial Wizard Robert M.
Shelton before the House Committee on
Un-American Activities. I heard his en-
tire testimony--or possibly I should say
his lack thereof-and it is quite a con-
trast compared to his previous invective
and loud talk. Like most demagogs, he
issued a pious and self-serving declara-
tion afterwards that he was fighting for
freedom and so forth. He isn't fighting
deavor to use the equal protection clause
of the 14th amendment in his declina-
tions to respond to questions dealing with
everything from his title to mismanage-
ment of funds. He is dead set against
the Negro achieving any rights through
the equal protection clause but he cer-
tainly found it a safe sanctuary for the
time being. I am hopeful that we will be
cited for Contempt of Congress. The
Daily News editorial hits the nail right
on the head, and it follows:
THE WIZARD's NEW ROBE
The U.S. Constitution surely is one of the
most wondrous protective garments ever con-
ceived by man. It shields alike the innocent
and the guilty, the sheep and the wolf, the
accuser and the accused,
Now it gathers under its capacious skirts
even the Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux
Klan.
This in itself is irony of high degree. For
the Constitution and its amendments are
repugnant to every tenet and every trapping
of the Klan.
Yet Mr. Robert Shelton, who heads the
United Klans of America, has found the Con-
stitution a more comfortable garment in
which to wrap himself than the robe and
hood of his organization.
He invoked not only the 5th but also the
1st, 4th, and 14th amendments to avoid
giving the House Un-American Activities
Committee any information about the Klan.
It was an interesting selection, to say the
least.
The first amendment guarantees freedom
of religion, of speech, of press, of assembly
and of petition for redress of grievances. Do
Klansmen believe in these freedoms for
Negroes, for Catholics, for Jews, for anyone
who opposes them?
The fourth amendment safeguards the
right of people to be secure against search
and seizure except under full color of the law.
Do Klansmen wait for warrants before start-
ing on midnight forays?
The fifth amendment does more than pro-
tect a person against self-incrimination. It
further pledges that no one shall be deprived
of life, liberty, or property without due proc -
October 20, 1965
ess of law. Do the noose and the whip, the
torch and the gun comprise due process of
law?
The 14th amendment's use in this instance
is most ironic of,all. It guarantees full citi-
zenship to all persons born or naturalized
in the United States-including Negroes-
and forbids States to pass laws abridging
this privilege. Was it not to thwart the pur-
poses of this amendment that the Ku Klux
Klan was born?
Mr. Shelton, of course, has the privilege
of invoking these or any other constitutional
provisions if he wishes. As a citizen, he is
under the protection of the Constitution no
matter what he may think of its application
to others. So are his fellow Klansmen.
But the American people will form their
own opinion of men who hide behind con-
stitutional immunity as readily as they hide
behind robes and hoods.
(Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania (at the
request of Mr. BROYHILL of North Caro-
lina) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and include extraneous matter.)
[ r. FULTON of Pennsylvania's re-
ma,ks will appear hereafter in the Ap-
W THE UNITED STATES GOT IN-
VOLVED IN VIETNAM
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Ohio [Mr. AsHSRoox] is rec-
ognized for 15 minutes,
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, re-
cently I received a report published by
the Center for the Study of Democratic
Institutions of the Fund For the Repub-
lic, Inc., entitled, "How the United States
Got Involved in Vietnam," by Robert
Scheer. The author's background and
qualifications were described thus:
Robert Scheer is coauthor with Maurice
Zeitlin of the book, "Cuba: Tragedy in Our
Hemisphere." A correspondent for Ram-
parts and the Realist, Mr. Scheer has recently
returned from a trip to southeast Asia.
Later I received an appraisal of the re-
port, plus a much more generous run-
down on Mr. Scheer's background, from
another recipient of the report, the Hon-
orable RICHARD H, ICHORD, of Missouri,
who is my colleague on the House Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities. He
made an excellent reply to the letter we
both received.
Because it is virtually impossible for a
congressional office to thoroughly digest
all informative materials which it regu-
larly receives, the following insertions
should prove useful in evaluating the re-
port, "How the United States Got In-
volved in Vietnam":
LETTER OF REPRESENTATIVE RICHARD ICHORD
Recently I received from you a copy of
"How the United States Got Involved in
Vietnam," by Robert Scheer, which you de-
scribed as "the best short treatment of this
subject I have ever seen." After a very
thorough reading of the material, I must
strongly disagree with your conclusion.
The publication is filled with half-truths,
distortions, implications, innuendoes, and
inferences which lead one to believe that Ho
Chi Minh is the George Washington of Viet-
nam and any American who has had any
part in our involvement is guilty of stopping
a legitimate revolution. For example, in
the section entitled "The Lobby," Mr. Scheer
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
It is difficult to speak in reasoned
tones about these incidents. There is a
swelling tide of anger in America over
them, and I am one of those who has
become angry.
It has been the tradition, not of Amer-
ica alone, but of the whole history of
civilization that our teachers should lead
the young into the paths of truth and
righteousness. We have a tradition of
teaching in America that has produced
great minds, great souls, even noble souls.
It is a monumental tragedy that a very
small portion of our teachers in 1965
have lost sight of that tradition.
. In the current Bulletin of the Atomic
Scientists there is an article by Prof.
Kenneth E. Boulding, who presided over
the first teach-in at the University of
Michigan. It is an article which is de-
signed to show how splendidly and in-
telligently the teach-in was conducted,
and how brilliantly it was geared to the
Vietnamese war. But it is monumental-
ly, tragic that the essay on self praise
spoke no one word about the vast prob-
lem of facing a, Communist power in
China which is pledged to dominate Asia,
and eventually the world-through- vio-
lence. There is no word about the thou-
sands and thousands of murders com-
mitted by the Vietcong. There is no
word about the ultimate question: Just
what would happen to the people of
South Vietnam if we did get out?
Mr. Speaker, I believe it is time for the
teachers involved in these teach-in pro-
grams to look to themselves again. If
they are looking for sensationalism, then
I believe they are in the wrong pro-
fession. Teaching is supposed to be a
quiet search for truth. I do not believe
these teach-ins are pursuing eternal
verities.
There are nearly 150,000 of our brave
men presently committed to the fight to
save the people of South Vietnam from
Communist slavery. We have made a
pledge to save them. We must keep it,,
in the name of all that is sacred to our
own traditions, and in the name of basic
human decency.
It is not possible for me to be with our
troops in Vietnam to tell them that
America stands beside them in their
fight, in our fight. But I would consider
myself remiss if I did not state this in
the Halls of Congress, where the men
and women who represent the Nation
may speak.
I hope, Mr. Speaker, that the cruel
stupidity of the teach-in may soon be-
come evident to the foolish teachers and
the misguided students who are engag-
ing in this work to give aid and comfort
to the enemy.
I hope also, Mr. Speaker, that the
agents of our Federal Government will
take swift and proper action against
those people who are destroying their
draft cards as their protest against our
involvement in Vietnam.
Finally, Mr. Speaker, a word about
the proposed march on Washington. I
have not bothered to note the date of
this proposed march. I have no inten-
tion of noting the date. I merely wish
to note that I shall not be in my office
to meet any marchers coming to Wash-
ington. I hope none come from among
No. 196-32
the great patriots in my own 10th Con-
gressional District, where my constitu-
ents know the meaning of this war, and
know they must stand solidly with our
fighting men. In any event, I have no
desire to see any marchers, to discuss
anything with any marchers. I shall
make a conscious effort to be absent
when they arrive. I have nothing to
discuss with them. I would, however,
suggest that if they really need conversa-
tion, they travel into the central high-
lands of Vietnam, to discuss their prob-
lems with our soldiers and marines in
the jungles. That conservation should
be profitable for them.
CRISIS IN OUR FISCAL POLICY
(Mr. McDADE was granted permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. McDADE. Mr. Speaker, we are
facing this -year something of a crisis
in our fiscal policy. We have voted the
largest budget in the history of the Na-
tion. No one can be unaware of the
importance of saving wherever saving is
possible. We have called upon the De-
partments of the Federal Government to
exercise the wisest prudence in their ex-
penditures. We have called upon them
to do so in the past.
It is indeed a pleasure for me to re-
port in this House that in the person of
Mr. Frank C. Memmott, Acting Director
of the Bureau of Mines, there is one
man who is well aware of the need to
save money and who is doing something
about it today just as he did something
about it yesterday. At my request, Mr.
Memmott has made available to me cer-
tain documents and directives originat-
ing in the Bureau of Mines which are
specifically aimed at saving as much
money as possible. I am inserting those
directives in the RECORD at this point
for all of you to read:
To: Assistant directors.
From: Director.
Subject: Convention and foreign travel.
Travel to' conventions and foreign coun-
tries to attend meetings of technical societies
is worthwhile and the Bureau of Mines
should be represented at the meetings where
a definite benefit from such attendance is
26787
clearly demonstrable. However, the num-
ber of requests for convention and foreign
travel being received for approval leads me
to believe that insufficient thought is given
by the persons involved to the need for the
requested travel.
There has been and continues to be in-
creased emphasis by the Congress on reduc-
tion of travel expenses of Government em-
ployees. Furthermore, it is the announced
policy of President Johnson and Secretary
Udall to utilize our manpower to the full-
est extent in order to advance our techni-
cal programs as rapidly as possible with
available funds. Personnel attending for-
eign sponsored meetings and conventions
without good cause are not being utilized
fully.
Supervisors at all levels of operation
should carefully consider all applications
for convention and foreign. travel and for-
ward only those which appear to fit the
criteria for serious need for attendance. I
am personally interested in making an all-
out effort to reduce travel expenses to a
minimum and owing to the comparatively
large expense involved in both convention
and foreign travel this naturally is an Item
which will bear close scrutiny.
FRANK C. MEMMOTT,
Director.
APRIL 20, 1965.
To: Director, through Assistant Director,
Health and Safety.
From: Chief, Division of Coal Mine Inspec-
tion.
Subject: Reducing cost of travel.
On April 7, 1965, I attended a conference
with officials of the Freeman Coal Mining
Corp. and health and safety district D, Bu-
reau of Mines, at the company's office, West
Frankfort, Ill. When the conference was ar-
ranged, we anticipated that It would not be
concluded until late in the afternoon which
meant the only available return flight would
be at 7:45 a.m., April a, from Evansville,
Ind.-a 2-hour drive from West Frankfort.
Inasmuch as we were able to complete the
conference before 12 noon on April 7, I
contacted. the Eastern Air Lines office in
Evansville and arranged -to change my flight
time from 7:45 a.m., April 8, to 3:30 p.m.,
April 7. My scheduled flight at 7:45 a.m. on.
April 8 returning from Evansville, Ind., was
first class, the only available accommodation
on that flight. Inasmuch as I was able to
obtain tourist-class accommodations on the
return . flight on the afternoon of April 7,
a saving of $10.70 in air fare and a saving of
$8 per diem was realized.
I am giving you this statement to prove
that we are quite sincere in our efforts to out
costs wherever possible.
Administration------------------------
$93, 400
$65,694
70.3
$93, 711
162, 573
06.7
Mineral resource development__________
271,700
221,375
81.4
279
090
183
787
60
8
Minerals research ._____________________
402,500
356,491
88. 5
,
389,600
,
125
525
.
83. 5
Health and safety______________________
336, 900
355,054
105.3
366,$00
,
308,
575
84.1
Helium-------------------------------
61,300
53, 676
87.5
85,9 00
.
62, 755
73.0
Total------------------ ---------
1,215,0 00
943, 21,5
77.6
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
BUREAU OF MINES,
Washington, D.C., July 6, 1965.
To: Assistant directors.
From: Director.
Subject: Travel.
You are aware of my insistence that every
Bureau of Mines official charged with the re-
sponsibility of approving travel exercise
prudence and care in the expenditure of such
funds. With your cooperation, in fiscal year
1965 we did a good job of restricting travel
only to those trips we considered absolutely
essential for conduct of the Bureau's busi-
ness. During the 19.66 fiscal year, I am again
soliciting your help in exercising a tight con-
trol over the expenditures of the Bureau's
travel funds. One way to accomplish our
goal is for you to alert all members of your
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October 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
26789
implies that our involvement in Vietnam was (Mr. ADDABBO (at the request of is heard a discouraging word and the deer
the result, of a. plot carried out by such dis- Mr. REDLIN) was granted permission and the antelope play.
Not, any more. At least not in Wyoming
F. to AURIshed Americans as JOHN E KENNEDY, extend his remarks at this point in Where the hottest controversy in years is -
MAURINE nd CaGER, EDNA KELLEY, EMANuld the RECORD and to include extraneous boiling up among conservationists, sports-
The d matter.) men, ranchers, and the Bureau of Land Man-
Fund I For would
point o t out C to you that the t the Spellman.
also ER,
Republic, Republic, which allegedly sponsored the [Mr. ADDABBO'S remarks will appear aprement. onghorn At antelope, stake is the America's only future of the
publication of the material, has been de- genuine
hereafter in the Appendix.] and distinct mammal-wa species which has
moneyed the very people who provided the no living relatives in any other part of the
money for r its establishment. world.
I am equally confident that you were also FENCING AND SPRAYING POSE The fleet-footed, graceful and colorful
unaware of Mr. Scheer's previous efforts in
behalf of the Vietcong, Fidel Castro, and DUAL THREAT TO ANTELOPE pro nghorn and antelope oi open a scatureltof onthe
ce
Mao Tse Tung. ON PUBLIC GRAZING LANDS pinged over an ide of a mipreac square once
I enclose a which I brief re am sume also of send ding to to all l (Mr. REUSS (at the request of Mr. in the central part of the continent-north 2
activities which
Members of Congress for their information. REDLIN) was granted permission to ex- into Canada, south into Mexico, east to Iowa
I am sending this to them as I believe they tend his remarks at this point in the and parts of west to Oregon, Some Washington, and so ite
should be informed of the kind of material RECORD and to include extraneous mat- numbers in the early 1800's ran at high as
being printed and distributed by an al- ter.) 30 to 40 million animals. But less than 75
leged education organization which enjoys Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, I am deeply years later, a 2-year survey in 1922-24 by
a tax-exempt status. I, of course, am send- concerned over the welfare of antelope State and Federal conservation agenices re-
u. the Members who received a herds on our federally owned public veiled that only about 26,600 antelope were
coop it o from my yo to
With warmest personal regard, I am grazing lands in the West. I warned left in the 16 Western States. It looked like
Sincerely yours, earlier that the erection of thousands of the end of the pronghorn as a game animal
RICHARD H. ICHORD, miles of fences on these public lands in- and almost all of the States moved quickly
Member of Congress. hibited the movement of antelope herds to close the seasons and give the antelope
_ full legal protection. Within 30 years, how-
Which must range widely for the food ever, the antelope came back. Between 1924
ENCLOSURE PREPARED BY REPRESENTATIVE and 1957, Wyoming's antelope herd increased
IOlowi ROBERT SrIsu and This water concern they need to prompted me surviveon. Septem- from less than 7,000 to 105,000; In -Montana
ON'
m6 of (The following i s a brief rbert the ber 30, 1965, to introduce H.R. 11359, a from about 3,000 to 59,000; in Arizona from
based o documented videce he Scheer, the bill to prohibit the erection of fences about 650 to more than 9,000. Today, sur-
ran iicate
$leea of the on Un-Ameri- which impede the movement of wildlife ing veys
files House se Committee o o held in the
may 300 OOOhanimalsn
can Activities.) on public lands used for grazing and Now, a may t the fate 0, the antelope
1. Robert Scheer is a former executive other purposes. rests not however, with fate hunter as it does
committee member of the University of Cali- On October 9, 1965, the Bureau of with other users of its rang especially with
forri at Berkeley chapter of the Fair Play Land Management issued a position Government agencies which control those
for Cuba Committee. statement on its fencing policy on pub- uses. Today, it is not the hunting rifle that
2. Robert Scheer has traveled to Vietnam. licly owned lands in the West. I dis- poses a threat to the welfare of these popu-
He appeared he an introductory sprain ieaa cussed this statement-CONGRESSIONAL lar and important animals; rather, the doom
showing of the film entiWar the RECORD, October 14, 1965, pages 26092- of the antelope may well be determined by
tional l The film Liberation Front o ot f South prepared uth the Vietnaam-, 26094-and reported that I was encour- the erection of fences and the application
h of herbicides on its home on the range.
"Vietcong," and was confiscated by Federal. aged that the BLM was recommending a with all wild birds and animals, habitat
authorities in New York. tightening of its fencing policy. Is the key to antelope abundance. But un-
3. Robert Scheer was among the first stu- The threat to antelope posed by the like many game animals, antelope habitat
dents to violate the Cuban travel ban. An network of fences on publicly owned has but two simple characteristics-plenty
investigation of this travel by the House grazing lands-over 6,100 miles of such of sagebrush and plenty of wide open space.
.Committee on Un-American Activities fencing has been erected in Wyoming Over most of its present range, these two
bathe trip was financed in a bagt degree simple requirements are also characteristics
by a foreign power. While in Cuba, the stn- alone-is described in an excellent arti- of federally owned land in the Western
dents cheered at a film showing American cle in the October 15 issue of Conserva- oates-land still ldit in the public domain
aircraft being shot down. - tion News, a publication of the National St add administered by the Department of the
4. Robert Scheer's book "Cuba: Tragedy Wildlife Federation. Interior's Bureau of Land Management
in Our Hemisphere," damns the U.S. policies The article points out that the BLM through its State directors and advisory
and defiles Fidel Castro. and livestock operators have embarked boards. Indeed, two out of every three
5. Robert Scheer was among those who on still another program that could cut pronghorn antelope alive today are found on
signed a petition urging President Kennedy down on the antelope population-aerial lands administered by this single Bureau.
to adopt a S policy toward Cuba. spraying to kill sagebrush. Cattle and Here is where the fate of the antelope
6. Robert S cheer heer is actively engaged in the sheep do not eat the hardy plant, but it hangs in the balance-a balance of uses for
programs of the Women's Strike for Peace the public domain. Until fairly recently,
is a staple in the antelope's diet- there was little, if any, conflict but today
and appears in their "demonstrations," in- Since an estimated two-thirds of our new techniques and new materials spell the
eluding the massive march in Times Square, pioneer
New York City, coinciding'with the march on antelope live on public lands admin- beginning of a rapid change. From
Washington. istered by the BLM, it follows that the days, the greatest single use of these lands
7. The following are but a few of the Bureau's policy bn management of this has been (and It still a is) the grazing which a
many quotes attributed to Robert Scheer: land will play an important role in de- and cattle. land use been upon which la
"We cannot expect Jack Kennedy to feel termining the future of antelope herds. and and powerful ,is a many Industry has operators built have
rrye tgrazing tidest be the
only use for
the necessity of political freedom-he has Congress originally directed the BLM and for
never been threatened by the state, never to manage these public lands for mul- which these lands are suited.
questioned by the secret police (FBI), never tiple uses, including livestock production, Fortunately for antelope, there has been
seen his parents arrested as political wildlife habitat, recreation and til Giber no great problem in their sharing the range
prisoners." production. with cattle or sheep. Occasionally a feeling
"You must talk about the economic de- The Conservation News article implies of resentment cropped up among some
peting who felt the antelope were com-
velopment Of f pro of communist China and the role profit t in the perversion of the American that this directive is not being followed ranchers com-
with their cattle or sheep for the
consumer." by the BLM. available forage. Wildlife biologists, how-
"As imperfect as they may be, Nasser, Mao, I include a copy of the article by Wil- ever, long since have proved that with proper
Toure, and Castro have-liberated their people lard T. Johns, Assistant Chief of the Di- stocking rates of domestic livestock and game
for the first time in modern history and we vision of Conservation Education of the there is little competition for specific food
as a people oppose them." National Wildlife Federation: plants. - -
8. Robert Scheer is an announced partici- Still -another ballad expressing the feeling
pant in the coming international days of WHERE THE LIVESTOCK, BUT NOT THE ANTE- of the old West contained the line, "Don't
protest on October 15 and 16 which is spon- LOPE, CAN PLAY fence me in." And, until recent years, most
sored by the Vietnam day committee. This - - (By Will Johns) of the people and all of the antelope felt
is the committee which attempted to halt The West, according to the popular ballad, that fences on the open range were too costly
the troop -trains in California. - is supposed to be the place where seldom and really unnecessary. Where some control
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 26790
of cattle wds necessary, livestock operators using the allotment. When the ranch was
used cowboys or sheepherders, Today, how- sold several years ago, the new owner applied
ever, most of the cowboys and other "riders to the Bureau of Land Management for per-
of the purple sage" are seen only on tele- mission to graze both cattle and sheep on
vision, at dude ranchs, or in rodeos. Con- the land, as well as permission to construct
trol of grazing now is beginning to take the about 30 miles of sheep-tight fencing. Per-
form of fences-wire fences strung mile after mission to graze sheep was granted. The
mile across the range In order to divide graz- Bureau, however, has an agreement of long
ing units and keep sheep and cattle off _ the standing with the Wyoming Game and Fish
highways. These fences do keep livestock Department to consult with it before au-
within well-defined areas, of course, and do thorizing any fences on the public land. In
eliminate the cost of hiring men to watch this case, the department refused to give
over them. But for the antelope, fences approval because the fencing would be detri-
pose a serious problem. Unlike deer and mental to the antelope. Last summer, how-
other big game, antelope normally are not ever, a survey of this area showed that the 30
good high jumpers. Some pronghorns do miles of fence had been erected on the public
have the ability to get across fences, even domain without permission from BLM, the
when running at full speed (up to 50 miles Wyoming department, or anyone else. To
per hour) by projecting themselves through date, the fence is still up although affidavits
or under the strands of barbed wire. Most have been filed against the Diamond Ring
adults in time halve learned h
a....__
___. _ _
t
ow
C
o
ove a
f
t
=-
oo
nonce but many are Still lost
where fences corner during severe snow-
storms. Young antelope, however, usually
wind up entangled in the wire or are com-
pletely blocked from traditional migration
routes.
Coupled with fencing is another, and
equally serious, problem. In Wyoming, as in
many other places, much of the public do-
main has been badly overgrazed. The better
forage grasses are gone, the top soil eroded
away, and about the only plant that can sur-
vive Is the tough sagebrush. Thus the Bu-
reau of Land Management and the livestock
operators are embarked on a major range re-
habilitation program. Many techniques
have been tried but currently the most popu-
lar, and least expensive, seems to be aerial
spraying of the herbicide 2,4-D in an oil sus-
pension. The objective is to kill out the
sagebrush, then reseed the range in the hope
that it will come back to grasses and other
forage for livestock. The only hitch is that
In many places the only top soil left is the
little bit held together under the sagebrush
plants. When they are destroyed, wind or
water erosion sweeps that soil away and no
amount of reseeding will ever bring back
suitable forage cover. One study in Mon-
tana, for example, showed that after a sage-
brush spraying program had been completed,
the grass cover increased only 1 percent.
With this background, it Is not too difficult
to understand the concern of Wyoming
sportsmen, as well as that of conservationists
everywhere, over current fencing and spray-
ing programs in the "Equality State." In
the Bench Corrall area of Sublette County
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 20,
attorney will file a civil suit compelling the
firm to tear it down.
To resolve a growing problem and insure
the future of antelope in Wyoming, Tom
Bell, president of the Wyoming Wildlife Fed-
eration, has called for a 10-point program,
as follows:
1. An indefinite moratorium on sheep-
tight fence on the public domain where
antelope are involved.
2. Fencing on all important antelope
ranges should be kept t9 a minimum. Where
fences are absolutely necessary, they should
be no more than a four-strand wire fence,
with the bottom wire no less than 16 inches
above ground level.
3. A concentrated and intensive research
effort to determine the effects on antelope of
fences now in place.
4. A review of grazing fees, with the
thought in mind that where minimum fences
only are permitted, the fees would remain
low; otherwise, where the public is subsidiz-
ing the building of fences, the fees would be
scaled upward.
5. A modification of a number of fences
lying on or across critical migration routes
of antelope where these are known, the mod-
ification to be as above,
6. A posting of all roads on all lands in
grazing districts where there is an intersper-
sion of private and public lands. If the pub-
lic allows grazing on its land, the private
landowner should certainly allow access
across theirs.
7. Immediate prosecution of any unau-
thorized fences and illegal signs.
8. Immediate installation of livestock "
ex-
north of Big Piney, for example, the Bureau closures," 5 to 10 acres in size, on the public
pf Land Management has announced it plans range in order to determine range rehabili-
to spray 2,4-D to kill out sagebrush on over tation through natural processes and then to
half of the 64,000 acres in the next 8 years. compare results with present livestock al-
Already, BLM has sprayed 5,000 acres and has lotments.
scheduled application of the herbicide next 9. Immediate Implementation of methods
year in the most important antelope fawn- to obtain better control of livestock numbers
ing area on the Bench Corral. Three years on the public range. There is really no ex-
ago, according to Wyoming Game Warden cuse for livestock owners receiving only a
Dave Thomas, the antelope population on light slap On the wrist for consistently over-
the Bench Corral totaled 530 animals. Last stocking and overgrazing, and for willful
year BLM started, or permitted holders of trespass.
grazing allotments to start, a fence building 10. A concentrated and intensive research
program as well as spraying to eradicate the effort to determine the long-range effect of
sagebrush. The May 1965, spring census sagebrush spraying on all the ecological
showed the antelope population had dropped communities involved.
to 437 and 5 weeks after the spraying of Echoes of the fight to save the antelope
5,000 acres, the count was 168 animals. in the "Equality State" are now spreading
Thomas points out that the spray doesn't across the Nation. They sounded through
actually kill the antelope, but it apparently Pinedale in late August when the National
does drive them out of the area and scatters Wildlife Federation's officers, staff and board
them in small herds from which they don't of directors pledged support of the Wyoming
seem to regroup. Wildlife Federation's stand and carried the
Another "hot spot" in the controversy is plea to save the pronghorn into the Wash-
located in the Rattlesnake Mountains on ington offices of the Bureau of Land Man-
some 20,000 acres known as the Cabin Creek agement.
.Allotment. This includes 18,240 acres of This conservation battle is far from over
Federal land administered by BLM, 770 acres but it reached a new level of intensity on
of State land, and 1,670 acres of deeded land. September 30 when Representative HENRY S.
It was formerly operated by the Grieve fam- REUSE of Wisconsin, introduced a bill (H.R.
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11359) in the 89th Congress. The REuss bill
directs the Secretary of the Interior to ban
from the public lands any fence which im-
pedes the movement of wildlife. If the Sec-
retary finds a grazing licensee has built such
a fence, he shall require it, to be removed by
the licensee, and shall see that it is removed
at the licensee's expense if the licensee fails
to remove it himself within 30 days. Any fu-
ture illegal fencing shall be the cause for a
revocation of the grazing license.
As storm clouds gather over the home on
the range for antelope, livestock, fences and
sprayed sagebrush, one point should be made
clear. This is not a fight for a single use of
the public domain, but rather a fight based
on the prniciple of multiple use-a principle
which by law and regulation is supposed to
be applied to all of the 18 million acres in
Wyoming and 176 million acres in the 11
Western States administered by the Bureau
of Land Management. Sportsmen of the
Equality State and conservationists through-
out the Nation are asking that the antelope
be given equal consideration, along with
cattle, sheep, horses and other creatures,
both wild and domesticated, which live where
the buffalo once roamed and the skies are
not cloudy all day.
THE SUGAR BILL
(Mr. HANSEN of Iowa, (at the request
of Mr. REDLIN) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
last Wednesday, October 13 on the floor
.of the House we debated the sugar bill.
I felt that the people in my district were
entitled to information that would give
them a true picture of what transpired
and I therefore sent out on that day the
following radio press release. I include
it here for the benefit of my colleagues:
There has been a good deal of comment
both in said out of Congress regarding the
recently passed sugar bill. Most of this
rhetoric has been by persons who are more
interested in generating heat than they are
in bringing light on this subject.
Heat in itself is not necessarily bad, be-
cause as President Truman is reported to
have said, "If you can't stand the heat, get
out of the kitchen."
Unfortunately, however, numerous scurri-
lous and character defamation remarks were
directed toward members of the Committee
on Agriculture. This was uncalled for and
was not worthy of the proper debate that
should be observed in the House of Repre-
sentatives.
It pleased me greatly to see a large number
of Members from both sides of the aisle rise
to the defense of members of this capable
committee. In order to keep the record
straight, I hope all who are interested in this
debate will study carefully the entire text
as It appears in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.
It would be a grave mistake to rely only on
the fragmentary and out-of-context reports
that so readily abound.
This committee has worked long and hard
on some excellent farm legislation. It would
be tragic if we were to allow irresponsible
comments to cloud the issue and detract
from the work of these conscientious Mem-
bers of Congress.
(Mr. BOLAND (at the request of Mr.
REDLIN) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point In the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
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