UNTITLED

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: August 30, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 30, 1965
He will, we are confident, skillfully guide
this embryonic organization through its
formative stages.
We further urge our acting chairman and
new executive committee to plan a centrally
located two-day work session this fall as Con-
gress will then have adjourned, the associa-
tion can occupy the center of the political
stage, further itself, and the Republican
Party' as a whole.
STATEMENT ON NEED FOR ESTABLISHING RE-
PUBLICAN STATE LEGISLATORS ASSOCIATION
In view of the demonstrated need for Re-
publican State legislators to cooperate with
each other, exchange information, develop
joint programs, and help each other, and
especially in view of our need to increase our
numbers, the successful caucus and meet-
ings held here are most encouraging.
Obviously, Republican State legislators
cannot wait until next fall, when the Nation
will be in the midst of congressional, sena-
torial, and Statewide election races, to con-
tinue the good work begun here by moderate,
constructive, forward-looking Republican
legislators.
The Republican State Legislators Associa-
tion must now establish a forum to express
seriously needed progressive ideas and ac-
tions to move our party forward, and to make
State legislatures and their Republican leg-
islators even more effective. No one will do
this for us, the time has certainly arrived
for Republican State legislators, on their
own, to think through and to implement the
actions they knew need to be taken to make
Republican legislations the majority in many
States.
What we do is clearly up to ourselves, and
we urge Republican legislators to take the
initiative again, and to pioneer new ideas to
meet the needs of the men and women who
we are privileged to represent, and to ex-
pand Republican representation to millions
of other citizens who would benefit by Re-
publican legislators service.
(Mr. CURTIS (at the request of Mr.
MORTON) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. CURTIS' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
SUGAR ACT INVOLVES DELICATE
,FOREIGN POLICY QUESTIONS
(Mr. FINDLEY (at the request of Mr.
MORTON) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the pro-
posed 5-year extension of the Sugar Act
involves complex, grave and delicate
problems of foreign policy.
U.S. sugar quotas are much desired by
foreign producers. At present prices the
quota premiums add up to a sugar-pie
worth over $1 billion for the 5-year
period.
To get the biggest possible slice, most
of the foreign producers hire lobbyists
at high fees. Information on file at the
Justice Department shows that 7 of these
lobbyists get $20,000 to $50,000 in annual
fees.
How the pie is sliced has a powerful
impact abroad. When the Senate in 1962
withdrew an Argentine quota assigned
earlier by the House, riots broke out in
Argentina and the Dominican Republic.
Assignment of quotas can have tre-
mendous economic impact abroad.
Preferential treatment in a few short
years converted a diversified agricultural
economy in Cuba to a one-crop economy.
U.S. quotas are so attractive they are
the basis for political power in some of
the smaller countries.
This year the problems are especially
sensitive. The assignment of quotas may
have an important bearing on our poli-
cies in southeast Asia. For example, be-
leaguered Thailand seeks a quota.
Because the legislation covers 5 years,
wise action is all the more important.
Clearly it calls for knowledge in for-
eign policy and trade and tariff matters
beyond that usually required of the Com-
mittee on Agriculture.
The public hearings on the bill have
consisted mainly in statements by lob-
byists who obviously are serving narrow
interests. No experts in foreign policy
have been heard.
I therefore have urged that executive
session hearings of the committee. be
scheduled at which State Department
officials can present statements and be
questioned and further suggest that key
members of the House Foreign Affairs
and the Ways and Means Committees
be invited to take part.
This should aid the Committee on Ag-
riculture in preparing for the delicate
and difficult task of writing this legis-
lation. We must take every precaution
against rocking tie foreign-policy boat,
WHEAT TO RUSSIA WOULD HAMPER
OUR WAR EFFORT IN VIETNAM
(Mr. FINDLEY (at the request of Mr.
MORTON) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, con-
cerned over recurring reports that Pres-
ident Johnson may clear the way for
new wheat sales to Russia, last Friday I
sent the following message to the White
House :
Hon. LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
The President of the United States,
White House,
Washington, D.C.:
For the sake of American boys fighting and
dying in South Vietnam I implore you to
block the sale of U.S. wheat to Russia or any
other Communist government. The fact
that any such deal could be carried out only
at heavy cost to American taxpayers makes
it doubly reprehensible.
In my opinion another wheat sale to Rus-?
sia will end all hope of free world trade
sanctions against North Vietnam just as the
wheat sale in 1963 wrecked our trade block-
ade of Cuba.
That transaction cost the taxpayers over
$42 million in the form of subsidies but the
foreign policy price tag was incalculable. As
soon as we sold wheat to Russia the British
sold buses to Castro and how could we argue
if the United States insisted on filling a
strategic food gap for the heartland of com-
munism? Why should not the British sell to
a Communist outpost like Cuba? Other
free nations quickly followed the British
lead. Soon the trade blockade-which up
to then had been working well-was a
shamble.
Today American boys are fighting in the
jungles of South Vietnam against enemy
forces supplied in part by heavy and con-
tinuing free world shipping into North
Vietnam.
According to State Department officials we
are now attempting to get free world nations
to cooperate in the same type trade sanction
against North Vietnam that once worked
against Cuba.
If we approve a new wheat deal with Mos-
cow we doom this effort to failure. To me
it is incredible to even. contemplate expanded
trade with the Communist government
which provides North Vietnam with the sur-
face-to-air missiles which already have sent
several U.S. airmen to their graves.
PAUL FINDLEY,
Representative in Congress.
HUMANE TREATMENT FOR LABORA-
TORY ANIMALS: NEW ENGLAND
PAPERS BACK CLEVELAND BILL
(Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of
Mr. MORTON) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, there
is a rising groundswell of public opinion
calling for passage of meaningful legis-
lation to provide humane standards of
treatment for animals used in experi-
mental scientific research. A number of
my colleagues in the House have men-
tioned to me a sharp increase in the mail
they are receiving on the subject.
Public opinion also is reflected in the
newspapers. I am offering with these
remarks copies of two editorials that ap-
peared recently in the Keene, N.H., Eve-
ning Sentinel and in the Christian
Science Monitor. Both newspapers have
been valued supporters of this legisla-
tion and are to be congratulated for
helping to call public attention to this
important issue. I do hope that this in-
crease of publicity will result in early
public hearings on my measure and re-
lated bills and on prompt passage of a
good humane, effective bill by the
Congress.
The editorials follow :
[From the Keene, N.H., Evening Sentinel,
Aug. 18, 1965]
CONFUSED DELAY
In an editorial last May we reported that,
with indignation building up around the
country over the inhumane treatment of ani-
mals in research laboratories, "Congress may
finally act on some of the legislation which
has been introduced repeatedly."
We cited specifically a bill introduced by
Representative JAMES C. CLEVELAND, of New
Hampshire's Second District.
Today, more than 3 months later, not only
has the Cleveland bill (and a companion
one in the Senate, introduced by Senator
JOSEPH S. CLARK, of Pennsylvania) not been
acted upon, but the issue has been completely
confused by more legislation, far weaker,
known as the Rogers-Pepper bill.
The Society for Animal Protective Legisla-
tion is frantically trying to clear the air, in
the hope of obtaining passage of the strong
Clark-Cleveland bill and defeat of the weaker
Rogers-Pepper bill.
Meanwhile, key people in the Humane
Society of the United States and the Ameri-
can Humane Association have managed to
further confuse the issue by going along
with the weak bills and trying to create the
impression that their views are representa-
tive.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3.
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
August 30, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
ernment as well as private business and
organizations.
The Republican legislators have elected
the respected Speaker of the Oregon Leg-
islator, F. F. Monte Montgomery, acting
chairman of the group. I am pleased to
note the part played by the Honorable
R. J. King, of St. Louis County, Mo., in
bringing this organization into being. I
ask unanimous consent to include in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the text of the
formal announcement of the formation
of the Republican State Legislators As-
sociation and certain positions taken at
the first meeting.
REPUBLICAN STATE LEGISLATORS FORM ASSO-
CIATION, F. F. MONTE MONGOMERY ELECTED
ACTING CHAIRMAN, POLICY AND ACTION
STATEMENTS ISSUED
PORTLAND, OREG., August 12.-Republican
State legislators from over 30 States today
organized the Republican State Legislators
Association, elected Oregon Speaker Monte
Montgomery as acting chairman and adopted
a series of policies and action statements.
Speaker Montgomery stated that in a series
of meetings Republican State legislators
from around the country felt the need to
work more closely and assist each other, and
to try to increase their numbers in order to
serve the public most effectively.
The Republican State officials unanimously
elected Oregon Speaker Montgomery as their
first acting chairman.
After formally establishing their associa-
tion, they instructed their acting chairman
and executive committee to hold an organiza-
tional work, planning and action session dur-
ing the fall.
Speaker Montgomery, first Republican
Speaker in Oregon in 10 years and a vigorous
leader of progressive, forward-looking Re-
publicanism, stated that among the pro-
posals adopted by the Republican State leg-
islators are the following.
1. Encouraging State legislators to testify
before congressional committees and urging
invitations and information to them from
Congressmen as suggested by Congressman
THOMAS B. CURTIS, St. Louis County Repub-
lican.
2 Supporting a bold new research and ac-
tion program on the State level for an ex-
panded and improved traffic safety program.
3. Seeking establishment of improved elec-
tion machinery in order to make State elec-
tions more honest and to guarantee that
every vote cast is accurately counted.
4. Setting up a Republican State legisla-
tors campaign committee to focus attention
on legislative races, exchange Information
and personnel, conduct workshops and co-
operate with interested groups in increasing
able Republican representation in State leg-
islatures.
5. The elimination of poverty is a tradi-
tional Republican goal. However, the war
on poverty if improperly administered can
destroy State government as a meaningful
instrument to serve the peoples needs. In
our constant desire to aid the States in exer-
cising their responsibilities, Republican leg-
islators will urge retention of Governors' veto
power.
6. Formally organized the Republican
State Legislators Association.
7. Instructed the acting executive commit.
tee and temporary chairman F. F. Monte
Montgomery to organize a fall meeting to im-
plement programs, actions, and plans on be-
half of State legislators.
Members of the Executive Committee are:
Speaker Monte Montgomery, Oregon, Assem-
blyman Charles J. Conrad, California, Sena-
tor Chester R. Hubbard, West Virginia, [rep-
resentative Lee Johnson, Oregon, Represen-
tative R. J. King, Missouri, Senator Robert
P. Knowles, Wisconsin, Assemblyman George
W. Milias, California, Senator Frank. G. Mil-
ler, Georgia, Representative Rodney W. Ross,
Maine.
Organizational assistance in originating
and establishing the Republican State Leg-
islators Association was given by the Oregon
Council for Constructive Republicans and
Republicans for Progress.
STATEMENT ON NEED FOR MORE APPEARANCES
BY..STATE LEGISLATORS BEFORE APPROPRIATE
CQXGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES TO PRESENT
TEtEIR VIEWS ON LEGISLATION AFFECTING
STATES AND LOCALITIES
The wealth of experience and talent among
State legislators is not being adequately
utilized. Properly marshalled, it can help
improve legislation passed by the Congress
affecting the people of our indivdual States
and localities. But State legislators are not
being invited to testify before congressional
committees. Missouri Republican Congress-
man THOMAS B.~CURTIS is a speech prepared
for delivery before the Governor's Confer-
ence, Miami, Fla., encouraged State legisla-
tors to present ideas and evaluation for the
mutual bepefit of Congress, State govern-
ments and the people.
We propose an effectively functioning
mechanism which will notify Republican
State legislators of opportunities to present
their views during congressional coliimittee
hearings. Arrangements-also should be made
to guarantee that Republican State legisla-
tors are actually invited to meet with the
minority members of congressional commit-
tees while constructive, forward looking leg-
islation and amendments are drafted. Com-
petitive views must be brought vigorously to
the attention of the overwhelmingly Demo-
cratic controlled Congress and executive de-
partment-and to the American peo~p1le.
There are many in the Federal Govern-
ment who think that all problems can be
solved from Washington, by bureaucrats, and
that local trial runs and experiences need not
be considered. We believe that our State
legislatures can serve as laboratories, pro-
viding ideal opportunities to initiate, experi-
ment, innovate, improve, and evaluate ideas
close to the people, rather than in Washing-
ton.
Acc+'ordingly, we urge the House and -Senate
Republican congressional leadership to im-
pleDgCent the constructive suggestions made
by interested Republican legislators and Re-
publican organizations. The written and
oral testimony of Republican legislators
should be requested, presented, and used.
STATEMENT ON NEED FOR MORE REPUBLICAN
STATE LEGISLATURES TO STUDY AND, ACT ON
TRAFFIC SAFETY PROBLEMS
The expanding use of automobiles, and
the resulting tragic increase of death and in-
jury on highways, represents a problem
which Republican legislators can meet con-
structively to protect the lives and well-
being of millions of American families.
Since traffic safety is fundamentally a State
and local problem, it is entirely appropriate
for State legislatures to initiate forward-
looking action programs. Recent congres-
sional hearings, however, indicate this local
problem may attract Federal solutions un-
less this vacuum is effectively filled with
positive leadership.
Because automobiles and drivers are li-
censed by States and local traffic regulations
prevail, Republican legislators have a unique
responsibility to take the leadership in urg-
ing and providing more research and action
for increased traffic safety and movement.
We intend to met that responsibility.
For years, some have pretended that traffic
safety problems did not exist. No longer can
we afford to keep our eyes only on the speed-
ometer while driving by the fatal accidents
and crippling injuries. Lose of life on the
highways is always as serious as loss of life
in combat.
21321
Republican State legislators are aware that
needed improvements', in the auto traffic field
have been studied. To present to the people
of our Nation new practical improvements,
experiments and, where necessary, legislation
aimed at making automobile transportation
safe and expeditious for the men and
women-young and old-who drive every day
for business and for pleasure, is a challenge
Republican legislators should eagerly accept.
Because State legislators are closest to peo-
ple and their needs, they have a rare opportu-
nity to solve problems touching nearly every
American family. Republicans can pioneer
in the public interest with courage, imagina-
tion, and integrity. We recommend, there-
fore, that a special Highway Safety Commit-
tee be part of the work of the Republican
State Legislators Association.
STATEMENT ON NEED FOR CAMPAIGN To ASSURE
HONEST ELECTIONS
Every qualified American is entitled to a
fundamental heritage-the right to vote.
Republicans historically have supported and
urged passage of fair voting rights legisla-
tion and honest election procedures so that
the rights and desires of all Americans to par-
ticipate in our election process are guaran-
teed and fulfilled.
With the present flood of first-time voters,
Republican legislators must provide all peo-
ple in America with State election laws and
establishment of fair election procedures to
guarantee accurate elections.
STATEMENT ON NEED FOR REPUBLICAN STATE
LEGISLATORS CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE
The Republican Party can and should
make a major contribution to State govern-
ment, because it is here that the problems
of our people are most efficiently and sympa-
thetically solved. We must mount a massive
effort to continue to ;put forward State legis-
lative candidates who have intelligence,
vigor, competence, and the integrity to decide
important questions in the public interest.
Freedom of the individual ie protected and
defended only by having two strong, competi-
tive ;parties. If we allow those who seek
the one-party system to prevail, they will
destroy the freedom of choice so essential to
our great country. Adequate hearings, and
the submission of testimony and constructive
amendments require the active participation
of both of our great political parties.
Republican legislators require a clearing-
house to communicate Ideas, exchange infor-
mation, and coordinate participation in
workshops and conferences devoted to fur-
thering Republican action in State legisla-
tures across America.
A committee shoo d be appointed to co-
ordinate and implement the establishment
of a Republican legislative campaign com-
mittee.
STATEMENT ON APPOINTMENT OF EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE OF REPUBLICAN STATE LEGISLA-
TORS ASSOCIATION, ELECTION OF TEMPORARY
CHAIRMAN AND PLAN FOR FALL MEET'.!NG ON
PROGRAM AND IMPLEMENTATION
To implement the Republican State Leg-
islators Association, we recommend the ap-
pointment of the following State legislators
to the organization's first executive commit-
tee:
Speaker Monte Montgomery, Oregon, As-
semblyman Charles J. Conrad, California,
Senator Chester R. Hubbard, West Virginia,
Representative Lee Johnson, Oregon, Repre-
sentative R. J. King, Missouri, Senator Robert
P. Knowles, Wisconsin, Assemblyman George
W. Milias, California, Senator Frank G. Mil-
ler, Georgia, Representative Rodney W. Ross,
Maine.
We further recommend the election of
Speaker F. F. "Monte" Montgomery as tem-
porary chairman of the association. Repre-
sentative Montgomery has shown vision and
leadership here during the past few days.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 Approved _For Release 2003/1.0/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
T'RIBUT'E IN MEMORY OF EDWARD
F. SIMONICH
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President,
there are occasions when men of great
stature who are little known outside
their own particular States pass on to
the great beyond.
One of those occasions involves "Big
Ed" Simonich, the football coach and
athletic director at the Montana School
of Mines. He was a man who made his
mark In Montana and in the Northwest.
We all mourn the passing of "Big Ed"
Simonich. While he coached at the
School of Mines, now known as the Mon-
tana School of Technology, he did not
win many games. Over a 10-year period,
the School of Mines probably had the
best victoryless record of any college in
the country. During that period of time,
the School of Mines lost 44 consecutive
games.
I am happy to note that 3 years ago,
when I attended their homecoming,
their losing streak was broken. As a
former student of the School of Mines, I
am pleased that the team has since been
able to win a few more games.
The School of Mines in Montana is
probably the Nation's outstanding tech-
nological school and one of the great
technical colleges in the world.
The record of the school is evidenced
by the quality of its graduates and the
contributions which they have made on
all the continents of the globe.
With the passing of Ed Simonich,
Montana loses one of its great citizens,
and the School of Mines loses one of its
great instructors.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the transcript of a radio
broacast by a personal friend of mine,
Red Welsh, of Radio Station KOOK In
Billings, Mont., covering the death of
Big Ed Simonich, entitled "The Lives of
Great Men All Remind Us-" be printed
at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the tran-
script was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows :
THE LIVES OF GREAT MEN ALL REMIND US
The death of Edward F. Simonich, coach
of the School of Mines, adds another page
to the remarkable history of the Montana
Collegiate Conference.
For many years this intrastate collegiate
league provided Montana with interesting
and competitive athletic events.
It listed among its coaches four of the
most remarkable individuals associated with
Rocky Mountain area Intercollegiate athle-
tics.
Father Hunthausen coached Carroll Col-
lege; Herb Klindt was at Rocky Mountain;
Oscar Bjorgum at Eastern; and Ed Simo-
nich at the School of Mines.
Winning was important to these men-
but not nearly as vital as how they won.
Their boys played the game for all it was
worth, but mainly for the sheer pleasure
men derive from participating in contact
sports against other men. Their athletes
were students. Manliness was a basic re-
quirement-on and off the field.
Time moves along. Other duties re-
moved all but Big Ed from active coaching.
Father Hunthausen became Bishop Hunt-
hausen of the Helena diocese. Herb Klindt
athletic director at Rocky. Oscar Bjorgum
a full-time instructor at Eastern.
Last Sunday Ed Simonich also left the
coaching ranks. He died of cancer.
Big Ed was quite a guy. An All-American
at the University of Notre Dame-he also
played professional football with the Chi-
cago Bears. But he was at his best with
the Orediggers from the School of Mines.
Year after year, Ed took a limited num-
ber of undersized kids who had never
played much football and gave him op-
ponents all the competition they would han-
dle. Every now and then he'd beat one of
the league powerhouses and draw cheers
from fans throughout the State.
In the rugged town of Butte, Mont., where
men are measured by exacting standards-
Big Ed was unanimously respected.
He many friends will always remember
Big Ed Simonich by merely quoting stanza
7 from the Psalm of Life:
"The lives of great men all remind us
We can make our lives sublime,
And departing leave behind us,
Footprints on the Salads of Time."
VIETNAMESE WAR MUST END AT
CONFERENCE TABLE SOONER OR
LATER
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, the
Tribune of Great Falls, Mont., is one of
the leading sources of public information
in the State and the Northwest. It has
followed a practice, for some years, of
inviting comment in guest editorials
from Montana public servants of differ-
ing points of view.
In this connection, I was invited by
the Tribune to prepare an editorial for
the issue of August 26. The subject
chosen, Vietnam, is one-which, currently,
gives the greatest cause for anxiety in
the Nation. The search for a decent and
honorable end to that conflict preoccu-
pies the President and.it concerns us all
very deeply. The question of Vietnam
has been considered extensively in use-
ful debate and discussion in the Senate
and in the press during the current year.
This discussion may be expected to go
on, as the war goes on, until circum-
stances permit a just termination
through negotiations.
One possible difficulty in Initiating
these negotiations may well be the great
gap in communication which exists be-
tween the spokesmen in Hanoi and our
own. I do not mean the absence of means
of communication; there are many. I
mean the absence of common ground of
understanding from which to begin dis-
cussions. We have said, for a long time,
that words do not necessarily mean the
same thing to the Communists that they
mean to us. That is true but this break-
down in communications is perhaps only
partly one of ideology in this case. There
is also the factor of a totally different
language and the centuries of differing
cultural experience which lie at the base
of this language barrier. Yet that bar-
rier must somehow be bridged from both
sides. That is essential if there are to
be negotiations of significance which
might lead to a worthwhile settlement of
the Vietnam conflict before it is too late
for such a settlement.
It Is for that reason that it is encour-
aging to find in the press of late a good
deal of serious analysis, of a genuine
striving to grasp the import of Hanoi's
basic conditions for terminating the war
which were set forth as long ago as last
April immediately after President John-
21391
son's speech at John Hopkins. It is as
important to try to comprehend accu-
rately what these conditions may mean
in our comprehension as it is for us to
be clear as to the meaning of our own
approach to an end to this conflict.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the editorial previously re-
ferred to, published in the .Great Falls
Tribune of August 26, 1965, be printed at
this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the.editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
MANSFIELD SAYS VIETNAM WAR MUST END AT
CONFERENCE TABLE SOONER OR LATER
(EDITOR'S NOTE.-The following guest edi-
torial was written by Senator MINE MANS-
FIELD, Senate majority leader and senior
Montana Senator.)
In another month or so the monsoons will
be ending in South Vietnam. That is a cer-
tainty in the timeless scheme of things in
Asia. Unfortunately there is no similar cer-
tainty with respect to the problem of Viet-
nam. On the contrary, all indications are
that the situation, as the President has said,
will get worse before it gets better. Already
Americans are in daily and deadly combat
in South Vietnam in innumerable sorties.
The casualty lists grow and the prospect of an
expanding war of indefinite duration in-
volving great numbers of Americans is very
real. No American-in Montana or any-
where else-can put this prospect out of his
thoughts for very long. It hangs as a cloud
over all of us, especially over the future of
the young men of the Nation and their
families. It is cause for continuous concern
to me as it is to every other Representative
and responsible official in Washington. It is
the number one demand on the time and
anxieties of the President.
Our objective in Vietnam, as President
Johnson has said many times, is limited.
We have not the slightest need for South
Vietnam as a strategic base or for any other
purpose. No national interest requires that
this southeastern tip of the Asian continent
be an American preserve. What does con-
cern us is that the people in South Vietnam
should have an opportunity, free from out-
side pressure, to choose their own system of
government; 'to that end, the President has
said that we will not leave South Vietnam
in the face of hostile force.
This limited objective does not require-
indeed, it argues against-an indiscriminate
war whose great toll of casualties would be
taken largely in American forces and in Viet-
namese peasants, men, women, and children.
That kind of war would be a wasting conflict
which could easily spread beyond Vietnam.
It is the kind of war which could find us
deeply and indecisively engaged for years in
Asia, if it did not erupt in a sudden nuclear
holocaust whose horrors no nation would be
spared. From such a war only the commu-
nist Chinese could expect to benefit.
The imperative job, then, it would seem, is
to bring the conflict to an honorable end in
negotiations as soon as possible. President
Johnson has already made many attempts to
,move the conflict from the battlefield to the
conference table. Thus far they have been
unsuccessful. These efforts will not be dis-
continued. On the contrary, they have been
strengthened and they will be persisted in,
at the United Nations, through diplomatic
channels and in whatever other ways may be-
come possible. The President in a recent
statement suggested nine possible avenues
by which such negotiations might be
initiated.
Military power will continue to be used to
give the greatest possible protection to the
American forces already in Vietnam and to
defeat the attempt to drive them out by
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
21392 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30, 1965
force. But at the same time an active search
for a cease-fire and stand fast and resort to
honorable negotiations must be pursued.
This conflict is going to end at a conference
table sooner or later and the sooner the
better for the Vietnamese people, for this
Nation, and for the world.
Muol MANSFIELD,
Senator from Mon tan(..
STEEL INDUSTRY NEGOTIATIONS
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, at
press briefings this morning, the White
House press officer, William Moyers, an-
nounced to the press that the President
would meet with the principal negotia-
tors of management and the unions in an
effort to break the stalemate in the con-
tract negotiations affecting the steel in-
dustry and, thus, to forestall a serious
threat to the Nation's economy and all
of its endeavors.
Everyone, I know, is hopeful of a for-
tuitous outcome for this meeting. To
set the background for it, I should like
to include at this point, by unanimous
consent, the announcements and the re-
sponses to reporters' questions which
were give by Mr. Moyers this morning.
They are most helpful in clarifying the
situation as it is developing.
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RSCORD,
as follows:
NEWS CONFERENCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE, WITH
BILL MOYERS, 9:30 A.M., AUGUST $0, 1965
Mr. MOYERS. I have a statement, which I
will read for the cameras later if you want.
whom?
B
tion
Q
.
y
ues
Mr. MOYERS. By me. responsibility in the current wage negotra-
The President this morning received a very tions and I expect continued stability In steel
thorough and comprehensive report from prices."
Senator WAYNE MORSE and Under Secretary I will reiterate that.
of Commerce Leroy Collins, on the fact-find- Question, Could you say whether, he is op-
ing mission undertaken at the President's posed to any increase in steel pri?
request on Saturday to the steel negotiations Mr.MOYERs. I'll stand on. the statement he
in Pittsburgh. Also present were Secretary made last week,
of Labor Willard Wirtz, Secretary of Com- Question. The question is whether con-
merce John Connor and Mr. William Simkin, tinued stability in steel prices Means all
Director of the Federal Mediation and Con- prices or whether some kind Of overall
ciliation Service. figure?
Senator MORSE and Governor Collins gave Mr. MOYERS. I'll stand on the statement he
the President, as he requested, a detailed made last week.
analysis on the facts of the existing situation Question. Bill, are they going to set up
and the issues between the parties. Senator shop here in the White House?
MORSE and Governor Collins agree completely Mr. MOYERS. They will be continuing the
that the negotiations continue to be stale- collective bargaining in the Executive Office
mated and the parties alone are unable to Building.
reach a settlement. Question. Does there come a point in the
The President therefore promptly decided next 24 hours or so between now and mid-
to request the principal negotiators of both night Tuesday when he begins considering
parties to come to the White House immedi- invoking the Taft-Hartley Act?
ately to meet with him, Secretary Wirtz and Mr. MOYERS. I think any discussion of the
Secretary Connor. The President is sending Taft-Hartley Act is premature at this time.
his personal plane to bring the negotiators He is very hopeful that a steel settlement
to Washington immediately. The President will be reached, and that in that settlement
will meet with them as soon as they arrive. and in the process of collective bargaining,
Question. When do you expect that, Bill? Paramount will be the national Interest, as
Mr. MOYERS. Early afternoon, he expressed at his press conference last
Question. How long was the President week.
rneeting with them this morning? Question. Bill, can you tell us a little bit
Mr. MOYERS. They met about an hour and about the mechanics of this? When they
a hale. come in they obviously will go to the White
Question. s. This No.was There Abel? are 10 negotiators house and not the Executive Office Building?
Mr. MCIYERS N Mr. MOYERS He will meet with them as
in all.
Question. Bill, are those people still here soon as they arrive, probably in the Cabinet
that met this morning? Room. After they have talked a while, they
Mr. MOYERS. No, they have gone. Will adjourn to the Executive Office Build-
Question. Where will these gentlemen ar- mg where the collective bargaining will con-
rive-Andrews? tinue.
Mr, MoYERs, They will arrive at Andrews, Question, Who will represent the Govern-
Let me give you the names of the principals meat in the sessions in the Executive Office
who are coming here from Pittsburgh. Building?
Representing the unions: Mr, I. W. Abel, Mr, MOYERS. Secretary Connor, Secretary
president of the United Steel Workers; Mr. Wirtz, and Mr.;,sill Simkin, who is director
Joseph P. Molony, vice president, United Steel of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation
Workers; Mr. Walter Burke, secretary-treas- Service.
carer; Mr. Marvin Miller, assistant to the Question. Does the President have any
president of the- Steel Workers; Mr. Elliot proposals to make today?
Bredhoff, general counsel, United Steel Work- Mr, MomERs. The President will propose
era; and Mr. James P. Griffin, director, dis- again that the national interest is the over-
trict 26, of the Steel Workers, riding concern, which he hopes they will
Question. Do you know what district that respect.
is? Question. Bill, on the mechanical business
Mr. MOYERS, That is the Pittsburgh dis- for guidance, do you expect to be able to
trict. advise us in advance when they will be arriv-
Representing the management: W. R. Con- ing and will there be any session for pictures
rod Cooper, executive vice president, United or will we be able to see them?
-Supposed to be called
min strat el vice Mr. R. Heath Larry, ad- Mr, MoYERS. I am
president, United States when they leave Pittsburgh, if they have a
Steel; Mr. Russell J. Branscomb, vice press- chance, and. I'll try to keep you posted on
dent of Bethlehem Steel; and Mr; Harold all the details I can: Of course;, these are
Lumb, vice president of the Republic Steel meetings, as in Pittsburgh, which are going
Corp. on between the principal parties and, are not
That is all I have. open. I am very hopeful of your having a
Question. Bill, do you know what time change to see them.
these gentlemen are going to arrive? Question. I wondered when they came
Mr. MOYERS. No. As I said this morning, whether we would be able to see Cooper, Abel
probably early afternoon. and the President, or whether there would
Question. Are they en route now? be any statement?
Mr, MOYERS. The plane has left to go to Mr. MOYERS. There will be no statement to
Pittsburgh. To my knowledge it has not left my knowledge at this time,, but I will keep
to come to Washington, yqu posted,
Question. Are they bringing thelA all in Question. We would like to have pictures
one airplane? if at all possible at the, opening session?
Mr MoiER At this moment I do not know Mr. MOYERS. I understand:
the'ariswer to that question. Only one plane Question. Bill, how were they invited?
Did, the President call them?
w r. MOYERS. The invitations were extended
up. Question.
uesti tian. Did they send a big plane? M through Secretary Wirtz and Secretary Con-
Mr, MOYERS. A jet star, which parries 13 nor,
passengers, Question. Bill, when dd the President de-
Question, Bill, the President has called for cide, A, to come back here and, B, to invite
continued price stability. Is he opposed to these pepole to cone in here?
any increase in steel prices, so-called selec- Mr. MOYERS. As I said to some of you
five- yesterday after the press conference, the
Mr, conference President in stcated in President had actually mentioned to several
his press ss conference that there must be con- members of his staff on Friday that he very
timed cost and price stability In our
Ameri likely would comeback to Washington Some-
d c
Secretary Rusk wanted to come back yester-
day afternoon. Sometime Saturday night
or early Sunday morning, I think the Presi-
dent decided to come back.
Yesterday after the press conference, the
President received a tentative report from
Senator MORSE and Under Secretary Collins,
and at that time the President -felt it desira-
ble to meet with them this morning. This
was after he had already made and an-
nounced his decision to come back to
Washington.
He met with them beginning about 7:45
And that meeting lasted until approximately
10:15. As part of that meeting, the Presi-
dent decided, as I announced earlier, to
request the principal negotiators to come
down.
Question. Bill, has MORSE'S and Collins'
role now been ended?
Mr. MOYERS. Let me say first of all that
the President was very impressed by the In-
tensity and thoroughness of Senator MORSE's
and Mr. Collins' report, He thinks they did
an outstanding job of analyzing the key
issues dividing the two parties, and is most
grateful, as he believes the Nation is, for
their efforts.
At this particular moment it is now a
matter between the parties themsolves, with
representation on the Federal Government's
part coming through the two Secretaries.
Question. How long do you think these
meetings will last? -
Mr. MOYERS. It is the President's hope that
they will continue to bargain until a settle-
ment is reached. -
Question. Bargain here rather than bar-
gain in Pittsburgh?
Mr. MOYERS. They will remain here.
Question. Senator Moses, Bill, this morn-
ing--et least on the basis of what I beard on
the radio-was quite critical of bath parties
in a statement that he made before be left
Pittsburgh. I wondered whether his view is
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3 .21405
August 30, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
used
lation is In the House Merchant marine and ploration of space and the stars, it may as the occasion for allied intervention,
Fisheries Committee, where Congressmalr be even more practical and more neces- the dictator almost certainly would not have
survived the fiasco. Hitler himself admitted
PELLY, a member, is seeking to line up sary to us, living as'we do upon the sur- as much.- "A retreat on our part," he con-
support. face of the earth, to know what is avail- ceded later, "would have spelled collapse."
Second, an attempt must be made to better able to us which we can utilize, or which The present struggle to counter the ex-
acquaint the decisionmaking scientific and e must, in con- pansionist thrusts of the communist powers
ttle's o-we can guard against if w - .
th Vietnam is success-
S
if S
w
ea
administrative officials with
tential as a marine research center.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, the
editorial points out the strong necessity
for the Government to devote more at-
tention to the correlation and coordina-
tion of a program of oceanography
within the Government departments.
Oceanography has now spread into 21
t t An inter-
n s
which lie beneath the surface of the
oceans.
I commend the Senator from Wash-
ington for his continued effort in this
~+Mr. MAGNUSON.) I thank the Sen-
.
Government depar me
agency committee and other groups are THE CHALLEN E OF VIETNAM
trying to get together to correlate this Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, on
problem. Saturday, August 21, my colleague, Mr.
In my opinion, the whole matter must JACKSON, addressed the National Security
receive at least now, so that the future Commission of the American Legion at
will be assured, the same treatment we the Legion's National Convention in
gave the space effort, in which we finally Portland, Oreg. His subject was "The
established the National Aeronautics and Challenge of Vietnam."
Space Administration. I believe that my colleague's illuminat-
We are trying to correlate the activities ing and forward-looking address. will be
exist hl Government in order f at interest to Members of the Sen-
re
h
ou
ill not be won
fully defended, nor will it be lost if South
Vietnam falls. But here as elsewhere the old
adage applies-a stitch in time saves nine.
It is better to win than lose a battle, for each
successful stand makes the next one easier
and each defeat increases the enemy's con-
fidence and momentum. -
In the early postwar years Stalin expected
to make quick and easy.. gains in Western
Europe. But, as he found out,' Western
Europe was a place in which we could bring
our power to bear effectively. There the
state structures and national sentiments and
traditions were strong. The Marshall Plan
and NATO helped Western Europe to recover
strength and confidence. The Soviet Union
found itself frustrated-and shifted its at-
tention to other areas. It began to exploit
the potential of unconventional warfare in
the underdeveloped areas of Asia, Africa, and
Latin America, where poverty, political im-
maturity, and memories of colonialism could
be fanned into revolutionary flames. Fur-
now o g
whic
to obtain some decent, broad knowledge ate and House. thermore, as it happens, many of these coun-
10 to 15 years. from now, for the future. I ask unanimous consent to have the tries are tropical, remote, and just plain
No one knows better than I, the distin- text of his address printed in the RECORD. difficult for us to operate in from a purely
physical standpoint.
guished occupant of the chair, the Sena- There being no objection, the address
But if we cannot make a stand in such
tot from Florida [Mr. HOLLAND] and was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, places, then we will have to get out of the
other Senators now in the Chamber, who as follows: competition. For Moscow and Peiping are
have been deeply interested in this mat-. . THE CHALLENGE OF VIETNAM not likely to challenge us on ground favor-
ter, the prime importance of exerting (Address by Senator HENRY M. JACKSON to able to us, but only where the odds are in
more effort toward discovering the the national security commission of the their favor.
secrets of this great' untapped three- American Legion, 1965 American Legion Someone has said that candor is the most
quarters of the earth's surface. National Convention, Portland, Oreg., effective form of deception in international
relations. Certainly Adolf Hitler announced
AS fine as the space effort is-and we Saturday, August 21, 1965) to the world what he was going to do and
all approve of it and heartily congratu- I greatly appreciate the opportunity to to proceeded to do it--or rather he tried
late everyone concerned with it-we address you this morning. 'C IndoP not know and failed by a margin that was all too
--
V11Itvhas been stated many times by
scientists, including space scientists, that
we know more about the back side of the
moon than we do about the wet three-
quarters of the earth's surface. This is
of great importance, of course, in the
future production of food and discovery
of minerals, and forecasting of the
weather-but of prime importance is the
subject of defense.
The editorial points out the necessity
of making this effort. I am. an author of
a bill which has been introduced along
this line, and has passed the Senate; and
I hope that action will be taken on it
- -
au------------------------
lil 1IfJ1 1v1ZLV ioa:-~u...6 w...... our Nation and the future of individual strategy by which he was eventually to come
liberty. to power:
During the 20 years beginning in 1946 the "In guerrilla warfare, select the tactic of
United States will have spent approximately seeming to come from the east and attack-
$770 billion for national defense and about Ing from the west; avoid the solid, attack the
$80 billion for economic aid and other in- hollow; attack; withdraw; deliver a light-
manyeaanaearssl have pavers bee n devoted d t ttMi o national d aning blow, seek a lightning decision. When
mrv guerrillas engage a stranger enemy, they
foreign, and civil services and indirectly in
production for defense and foreign aid. In
addition, the Nation as a whole has had to
carry the psychological burdens of coping
with the problems of national security in a
dangerous world-and as the teach-ins and
demonstrations show, some Americans find
it difficult to face the hard realities of our
soon. times.
Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will With all this effort, a genuine peace may
be no farther away than it was in 1946 but
the Senator from Washington yield? it does not seem measurably closer. In some
Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield. ways, the prospects, especially in the Far
are darker. So it behooves us not to be
I commend the Sen- East
LLAND
,
.
Mr. HO
not to shrink
ator from this subject. vaAsl he knows, Irhave,, been found the right answers, and that
greatly interested in obtaining greater from tough-minded review of our national
knowledge of the oceans, what lies be- security policies.
neath them, and how better to use the In the 1930's facing Nazi Germany, the
Western Powers tried to escape involvement
great assets which knowlthat he was pleased, in the struggle. France built the Maginot
Yesterday, line; America built its hiding place of ideas
as I was pleased, to hear that while the and called it isolationism. The British called
entire Nation was listening to radio, and their appeasement. None of them worked,
television primarily directed to the feats for Hitler's ambitions required the destruc-
of our astronauts, those who are work- tion of the power of the Western democ-
ing with our aquanauts were also men- racies.
fforts were brought into In retrospect, it was a mistake to pro-
had
Thei
If
r e
we
.
tioned.
crastinate during the thirties.
But
I thought was an excellent thing it to do over, knowing what we know, we waging of the Vietnamese struggle. the
the same reports on the astronauts, would surely stop Hitler early, not later than Sino-Soviet quarrel is a family quarrel, and
to do, and I commend them for that. when he reentered the Rhineland in 1936. It . the. arguments between them are over means,
We must all realize that While it is is now evident from German documents that not ends. Both are wholehearted supporters
more spectacular to read about the eX- had Hitler's march Into the Rhineland been of "wars of national liberation." Both are
withdraw when he advances; harass him
when he stops; strike him when he is weary;
pursue him when he withdraws. In guerrilla
strategy, the enemy's rear, flanks, and other
vulnerable spots are his vital points, and
there he must be harassed, attacked, dis-
persed, exhausted, and annihilated."
In 1961 the 22d Communist Congress
adopted a 20-year program for Communist
strategy and formally approved what was
called "antlimperialist national-liberation
revolutions."
The so-called war of national liberation Is
a fancy name for subversion and for the use
of an armed minority to subjugate a nation.
It is how the attempt was made in Greece,
Czechoslovakia, Malaya, and elsewhere, some-
times with success, sometimes not. It is how
the attempt is being made today in Vietnam;
an armed minority, the Vietcong, controlled
and increasingly supported by Hanoi and
incited by Communist. China, is seeking to
impose its will on South Vietnam by the use
of force, including terror.
The Russians and the Chinese may not see
uch
eye to eye on. when and where and now m
violence should be used in overthrowing non-
Communist governments. I think they do
not agree about everything related to the
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 21406 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD = SENATE August 30, 1965
supporting the war in Vietnam--M1vith re- price. We must do what we can to Improve state of readiness than ever before in peace-
sources, with diplomacy, and with propagan- the political climate. new troubles may erupt outside
. The point I wish to time.
da. If it came to a major showdown with the make, however, is that there is a direct rela- southeast Asia, possibly as a reactio;!x to our
Chinese, we cannot assume that the Russians tion between the decline in the political effort in Vietnam, or for other reasons. And
would not come to their support. And while situation and the deterioration in the mill- we might expose ourselves to serious risks
we should take such advantage of their tary situation-and nothing will so trans- if we continue to support the effort in Viet
quarrel as we can, the only sure guide to form the politics of South Vietnam as a nam by drawing men and material from our
our policy is to do what we must do to defend string of military successes. forces in other areas. Prudence requires
our interests. We will only confuse and As for American policy, we can be grate- preparation for such outbreaks-in the form
mislead ourselves if we look for their dif- ful for the way President Johnson is demon- of larger Ready Reserve forces-for that is
ferences to give us an easy way out. strating a cool and resolute determination the best wavy to discourage the enemy from
When trouble looms at any point around to block the Communist effort to subjugate making trouble.
the world, it is important to estimate quickly all of Vietnam. His determination is backed 5. Will we, working so far as possible with
and accurately what our national interest by the firm will of the American people, our allies, find the means and the will to do
requires. Obviously, the United States can- We are committed to do what must be those important but often undramatic things
not take responsibility for every uprising or done to help the people of South Vietnam that are needed to prevent the emergence
revolt-and should not, if it could, for, as we defend their freedom. The commitment will of new Vietnams in the future? Somehow
should know better than most, revolution is require us to do more than we have done or other, the free societies have got to per-
not always a dirty word. or have yet been asked to do. suade the Communists Moreover, even if the revolution is Commu- We need to face up to five important ques- liberation" are unprofitable. wOf course, the
nist-led, neither we nor anyone else can save tions:
the threatened country unless the county I to a essential a dibring Peiping and Moscow is to wants to save itself, In Malaya the British I. If the deterioration in South Vietnam an understanding of this by a swhatsf
is to be reversed, what additional military defense of Vietnam, But beyond that we
e
helped to defeat the Communist uprising by effort is required? i have argued that no must find better ways to encourage the kind
wise policies and plans that made military real headway is going to be made in political of healthy societies that do not tempt the
action an integral part of social and eco- affairs until and unless there is a military Communists to launch such aggression--and
nomic action. In- the Philippines we helped turnaround, and the question is, What is that probably means, a combination of pro-
to defeat the Communist Huks chiefly by needed to produce such a turnaround? grams, mainly nonmilitary, that take time
timely economic and moral support of Should we put in more men and equipment, and patience and skill.
Magsaysa.y, not by contributing military faster? How long should we wait before In conclusion, let me add this cautionary
forces, and it was Magsaysay's shrewd coax- making the shoe pinch in North Vietnam by note:
bination of political, social, and economic destroying key economic Installations there? In the kind of longrun struggle in which
reforms, together with effective military To do too little, too slow, may be the most we are engaged, their is a constant tempta-
measures, that carried the day. In these costly way of bringing about a substantial tion, whenever the clouds seem to lift a bit,
struggles, and in Greece, the governments in improvement in the military situation. to see a silver lining. If we look back at the
power wanted to overcome the threat and be- 2. Are we conducting our policy in Vietnam pronouncements in recent years made by
cause they saw the problem. as a whole and as well as we can with a view to persuading those in positions of responsibility about the
adopted appropriate programs, they gained other countries to share in the defense of military requirements and prospects in Viet-
and held the support of the people and won Vietnam-a defense which affects their vital nam, we must note in candor that the record
the day. interests? Australia and New Zealand have is one of successive misjudgents, es-
In South Vietnam we are dealing with a sent combat forces, and the Republic of timates, and, to be generous, clouded crystal
truncated country, just lately under colonial Korea has voted to send one combat division. ball.
rule. It has never been a nation and na- Other governments might well ponder the It is wrong to cry "Wolf, wolf." But it
tional sentiment is weak or nonexistent. question whether they, were they to find is equally wrong to predict that victory lies
The country is split religiously. It has never themselves under similar attack, would wish just around the corner when it doesn't, when,
known good government-only recently to receive outside help and if so, whether it in fact, there isn't even a corner visible down
gangster sects ruled the rivers and canals might not be in their own enlightened inte- the road. To arouse great but unjustified
like pirates, and controlled Saigon in Al rests to help put down this flagrant act of expectations may quiet a few critics today,
Capone style. With our help South Viet- aggression. but ; nam is trying to build its national home, but 3. I support the President in his willing- disillusions tomorrow. Y sharpen The their Willingness doubts and
it must collect the materials, build the house, ness to discuss a peaceful settlement of the Government officials to speak frankly about
live in it, and defend it against attack, all issues in Vietnam. But I hope that we have conditions and policies and requirements is
at the same time. And it is not surprising learned the lesson of the negotiations for an a necessary foundation of public confidence
that the task is difficult-and discouraging, armistice in Korea, and will not again call and therefore of th
Vietnam is not the only country where xsa
off ou
k
-
e
ind of constructive
r military operations as soon as the public debate which can lead to action ade-
tional structures and traditions are weak, ther side _____-_t_ negotiations.
thus inviting Communist subversion. Un- In Korea we gave the Chinp.nA
quate to the hard demands of the times,
southeast Asia and elsewhere, which may ~11Cy Lcros aavantage of it to build a strong
invite and receive their deadly attention hadnitvbuline, ilt theylkn weweacouldcrenew LOS LLAN. ES RIOTS
Clearly, we and our friends in other free and hostilities only at the cost of heavy casual- Mr. MCCLELLAN Mr. President, the
favored societies still have a great deal to ties. Then, with their defenses secure, the August 19 issue of the Shreveport Times
learn about helping others to help them- Communists proceeded to drag out the nego- published an excellent article written by
selves to create societies resistant to the tiations for more than 2 years, trying to will James Jackson Kilpatrick on the riots
virus of communism. Even in the military at the negotiating table far more than they and looting which recentl
field we are still far short of giving our men had been able to win on the field of battle.
the kind of training they need to wa a war- y took place in
g The moral of the Korean story Is plain. Los Angeles.
fare against guerrillas or to train others to Negotiation is not a substitute for pressure. Mr
n of resp Very at
wage such struggles. question of yes ably t
the
On the contrary, pressure is a part of the ponsilbiliy for this out-
out-
Although the so-called war of national negotiating process. It is an old rule that a rageous sequence of events. I am per-
liberation is fundamentally a political diplomat cannot he expected to win more suaded that the sort of thing that hap-
struggle, at any particular time and at the conference table than his comrade at pened in Los Angeles will happen again
place the military phase of the struggle may arms has won-or Is clearly in a position to and again in this country if we do not
ho decisive. The fact that widespread guer- win-on the battlefield.
riila war broke out in Vietnam is evidence But do we understand the relevance of this change v approach drat South Vietnam was not a healthy so- present to the queS-
principle in Vietnam? Lion ty civil rights and individual respOn-
ciety. Politically, economically, ps cholc i- Will we again accept Sibili for unlawful acts.
Y g truce talks without a time limit and without
cally, and militarily, conditions developed keeping up our military pressure, ignoring
which made South Vietnam ripe for Com- I ask unanimous consent to have Mr.
rr a nest exploitation and violence. But this confere cos eret that room Is the plargely outside the
I coR riCk'S article printed in the
war hbroken out, a precondition to the nce room that largely determines RECORD.
whaving ave of law and order and the i the whether a negotiation can be brought to a There ben
r
restoration aw nd in the country is satisfactory conclusion? ng be rited in, the article
D,
ho military ent of conditions othe Vietcong. The 4. Will this country do what Is necessary as f ordered to be prnted n the RECO P same was true defeat
Greece, the Malaya, and i to maintain our central Reserve forces and follows:
she was true pines. our forces throughout the world at a size NEGRO WAR RESULTS FROM BLAMING OTH,ERa
The present struggle in Vietnam would be and readiness to meet contingencies that FoR His FAILINGS
easier to win were the internal political shake could arise elsewhere? Thanks to the sub- (By James Jackson Kilpatrick)
eagood. It may buildup-initiated by President All week long, the leading bleeding hearts
tion y yet be lost because of a Kennedy and followed up by
President of the Great have been
political collapse which would bring to power Johnson--our conventional forces are large , the as es of LoseAngeles with tearsnfor the
own
a government that would seek peace at any harder hitting, more mobile, and in a better poor oppressed. We have been fairly awash
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
August 30, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A4889
The PRESIDENT,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
My DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: In the era of the
Great Society there is a problem which cries
out for your attention-that is, the pollu-
tion of the airways with the noise from jet
planes. Jet noise affects the daily lives of
those living in and around the periphery of
the more than 100 jetports in the United
States; and as small jet aircraft is developed,
millions of people living around our airports
will become equally affected.
I have lived in the shadow of Kennedy
International Airport these past 18 years
and, accordingly, I speak from personal ex-
perience. Since the coming of the jet planes,
my family life and the family lives of all the
residents on the periphery of this multiple-
landing-strip airport have been seriously dis-
turbed and disrupted. No longer is it pos-
sible for us to enjoy the full use of our
property. Telephone service is disrupted;
television reception is interfered with; and
even away from our homes, all our services
on Saturdays and Sundays, wedding cere-
monies and funerals, are disturbed.
Since I have come to Congress in Janu-
ary and because of the seriousness of this
problem to my constituents, and all those
who reside in neighboring districts border-
ing on Kennedy Airport, I have proposed
legislation calling for increased research in
an effort to find a solution to the problem
of jet noise. I have also introduced legis-
lation to protect against the expansion of
the problem by providing assistance for
proper land use studies and buffer zones in
-connection with the establishment of new
airports, as well as, around the existing air-
ports.
Mr. President, we now have over 100 jet
airports in our Nation. Airports, located
in every one of the 50 States, now have facili-
ties to accommodate jet aircraft, and there-
fore, the lives of a great many of our citizens
are affected by the problem. This is not a
local problem. I
Mr. President, the answer to the aircraft
noise problem will come only when you, from
your high position, recognize it as national
in scope and consider the appointment of
a commission to examine it in depth and
propose solutions to the Congress. As an
American I cannot accept the statement that
"there is no solution." A nation which can
send a spacecraft to explore the planet Mars
surely can find the answer to this problem.
Mr. President, deafening noise is as much a
"pollution of the air" as chemicals and
fumes. In the ear of the Great Society we
must protect the health and lives of all of
our citizens, equally affected by such con-
tamination. The air we breathe and the
noise we hear affect young and old alike-the
poor and the rich in all walks of life-of all
political persuasions-surely it is a problem
national in scope.
I respectfully request your consideration of
this far-reaching problem.
Very respectfully,
HERBERT TENZP.R,
Member of Congress.
as discussed with you by Dr. MacLeod. Be This column reports the President speak-
assured the problem is receiving our contin- ing informally and spontaneously on ques-
uing attention. tions which concern the safety of the United
DONALD F. HORNING, States and the peace of the world-and gives
Special Assistant for his candid and innermost thinking.
th r choice but
e
Science and Technology.
Question: Was there no o
to defend South Vietnam?
President Johnson: ,you know the major
alternatives as well as I do and I won't take
time to repeat them. You can think of a
thousands problems, a thousand complica-
tions, about this ball of wax out there in
southeast Asia. We have to confront this
utter complexity and find a few simple, fun-
damental propositions on which this Nation
moves.
"And what are those simple propositions?
One, the fact of aggression. Can the thou-
sands of armed men and large quantities of
arms sent down from North Vietnam to
South Vietnam take over that country by
force? If you don't believe this is really
aggression, go see Bob McNamara or Dean
Rusk and let them show you the complete
evidence."
I respectfully urge all my colleagues in
the House of Representatives to support
my proposal for a Presidential Commis-
sion and for congressional hearings on
H.R. 2086, H.R. 7981, H.R. 7982, and re-
lated bills dealing With the subject of jet
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK Question: Do we really have a commit-
th Vietnam?
So
t t
u
o
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES men
President Johnson: "I'm not going to take
Monday, August 30, 1965 the case to the Supreme Court as to whether
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, there we were legally compelled to come to her
defense. Our commitment was voluntarily
can be no confusion or misunderstand- and deliberately entered into on the basis of
ing about the purposes and objectives of the SEATO treaty, on the basis of the bi-
U.S. policy in Vietnam. These have been lateral arrangements made by President
made abundantly clear by the President Eisenhower with the Government of South
and by those responsible for conducting Vietnam, on the basis of annual appropria-
our foreign affairs. tions thoroughly discussed with the Congress
Speaking informally, the President has for aid in both the economic and political
affairs of South Vietnam for 10 years, on
stated that the United States must the basis of the commitment of three Presi-
demonstrate the integrity of its Commit- dents-we have a commitment.
ment to South Vietnam. This commit- "We know we have it. The South Viet-
ment was undertaken by our treaty obli- namese know we have it. The Communists
gations by bilateral agreements made know we have it. So, If them ats the
by President- Eisenhower, and by the have a facts." commitment, promises of three Presidents. To uphold facts. Question: What does that commitment
the honor of this Nation and to insure mean?
world peace by standing firm against ag- President Johnson: "What does it mean?
gression, we are following the only possi- If I can leave you with one thought I would
ble course'in Vietnam. say that you must understand that the in-
In conjunction with our opposition to tegrity of the American commitment is the
aggression, we are seeking a peaceful principal pillar of peace in the world today.
settlement of this conflict. Our willing- If anything happens to the integrity of that
ness to negotiate was reiterated by Secre- commitment, we are lost.
"I have used the word 'honor' with respect
tary of State Dean Rusk on a CBS tele- to Vietnam. When I have done so, some have
Vision program. Secretary Rusk re- tended to say, 'Oh, dear me!' As if this
minded the Communists that it was the were an expression out of 18th century diplo-
aggression by northern forces against macy-for a king who had become offended
South Vietnam that precipitated this because his daughter was refused in marriage
struggle. Despite no indication of the to the son of another king."
withdrawal of these forces, we are pre- Question: What do you mean by "honor"?
pared to seek a peaceful solution. President Johnson: "Let me tell you what
I commend to the attention of our col- honor means-concretely. Toward the end
leagues the following articles from the of President Eisenhower's administration, he
August 30, 1965, edition of the New York was presented by Chairman Khrushchev with
an ultimatum: 6- months in Berlin and out.
Herald Tribune. And President Eisenhower said to Chairman
The first article, by Roscoe Drum- Khrushchev: 'No, Mr. Chairman, you can't
mond, concerns the President's defini- do that to the United States.' And Khru-
tion of our commitment in South Viet- shchev had to believe it.
nam. The second article, by David Law- "In the summer of 1961, Khrushchev said
rence, deals with Secretary Rusk's state- to President Kennedy: 'Out of Berlin, or
ment of our offer for a peaceful settle- - there will be war.' This was at the Vienna
talks in June 1961. President Kennedy
The above letter was hand delivered to
the White House. On August 19, the fol-
lowing telegram was received from the
White House in answer to the above let-
WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM
THE WHITE Hovsa,
Washington, D.C., August 19, 1965.
Hon. HERBERT TENZER,
Lawrence, Long Island, N.Y.:
The problem of aircraft noise is one which
deserves our serious consideration. Your
suggestion of a Presidential conference on the
subject is under consideration in my office in
connection with studies presently underway
meet. looked him straight in the eye and said, 'Mr.
The articles follow: Chairman, if that is what you want, that is
THE MEANING OF HONOR: THE PRESIDENT what you will have. It will be a cold winter.'
TELLS WHY WE ARE FIGHTING IN VIETNAM And it was utterly to the life of this Nation
(By Roscoe Drummond) that Mr. Khrushchev believed that.
WASHINGTON.-There are some questions - "When the Russian missiles entered Cuba,
only the President of the United States can President Kennedy had to say to Mr. Khru-
answer. It is his constitutional duty to con- shchev, 'Mr. Chairman, these missiles have
duct foreign relations. He alone is Com- to go. Period. Paragraph. They have got to
mander in Chief. go. And you have a chance to get them out
Many Americans still have nagging ques- peacefully, but they have got to go.' The
tions about why we are in Vietnam. The life of this Nation depended at that moment
President's most effective answers often come on Mr. Khrushchev believing him,
when he is speaking informally and spon- - "We are now saying to Hanoi and Peiping
taneously-rather than in his set speeches. 'Gentlemen, you are not going to take over
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
11-116W CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX August 36, 1965
South Vietnam. You're not going to do it.' Asia." He was unequivocal In his statement House Agrieuitulre Committee, I share
"If you were a Berliner, if you were a That, that there Is a "deep commitment to the JOHN CU:6VER'S conviction that, we can
you would be living on the basis of the simple notion of self-determination." American commitment, If Moscow or There were questions asked as to whether gain increased support for our State and
Peiping or Hanoi ever thought that commit- the United States is Interested in pursuing greater interest in its growth through
ment was not worth anything, then no one the war into Red China's territory, and this this type of first-hand view of our farms
is in more danger than you and I In this was vigorously denied. Secretary Rusk and factories.
room. The entire Nation is In danger. stressed, moreover, that the United States It is clear from the article that this
"That is what honor means in this situ- does not want escalate the war. thHe said: e time visit was extremely successful in pro-
ation. It takes guts. You have the life of "We would hope very
mueh that nations wrapped up in this word." will come when it will be recognized on the IrlOting better mutual understanding.
This is what the integrity of America's other side that pushing this matter militarily It is also significant that the trip was
commitment to South Vietnam means to the is not worth the risk at the end of the trail, sponsored by CULVER's Agricultural Ad-
President of the United States, and therefore that they will bring this to the visory Committee which represents all
TODAY IN WORLD AFFAIRS: U.S. Psare OFFER -+_--_ cannot believe that it is a ration- and further those areas of agreement
al idea that the nrinndnat
1,.L ,,u,s ous'ness could look with favor upon
the outbreak of a general war. It doesn't
..-.-,,.. , o waauaavruy azsal'eq oy all Iarm
Interests.
I want to commend JOHN CULVER for
his efforts, and my three eastern col-
leagues for their desire to learn more
about the people and problem: of the
Midwest to assist them In effectively
serving the natiolial interest in Congress.
The article from the Des Moines
Register follows:
THREE BIG CITY .LAWMASERs Vlsrr FARMS
(By Gene Raffensperger)
OLIN, IowA.-"r]n going to let my hair
down with you fel:tows," said Dillon Storey,
58, a Jones County farmer, as he ta:tked Fri-
day in his farm ya:rd with three eastern big
city Congressmen.
Storey, a member of the Farmers Union and
the National Farmers Organization, told the
visiting Congressmen that his gross income
in 1.964 was $30,965 but that expenses, taxes,
and other operating costs, left hilrm with a
net loss of $420.39.
He detailed the plight of some fa:rmers in
terms of parity price, said hog and cattle
prices currently promise a better year for
farmers, and said the feed grain legislation
had given him some important income.
Representative JOHN MURPHY, Democrat,
of New York, whose district includes Brook-
lyn and Staten Island, told Storey, "We don't
get that same picture portrayed to us most
of the time from the Agricultural Depart-
ment. I guess we hear more from the
big producers and the meatpackers."
MURPHY and his eastern colleagues didn't
hear much from the big producers Friday.
They heard mostly from Iowa farmers oper-
ating family farms.
(By David Lawrence)
WASHINGTON.-By this time, the Govern-
ments of Red China and the Soviet Union
have had several days in which to analyze
a document containing a comprehensive ex-
position of the American Government's in-
tentions with respect to peace in Vietnam.
If the Communist regimes don't take ad-
vantage of the olive bra: ch being offered
them, it must be surmised that they are
still unaware that, by prolonging the war,
they inevitably will risk the devastation of
Hanoi by air bombardment and the de-
moralization of the North Vietnam Govern-
ment.
There has just been an outpouring of
nearly 40,000 words by officials of the U.S.
Government and a Republican committee,
as well as a State Department news confer-
ence, covering every phase of the delicate
problem in Vietnam. But the hour-long
television program over the CBS network
really built the foundations for a peace ne-
gotiation-if the Communists are seriously
interested.
Not only did Secretary of State Dean Rusk,
U.N. Ambassador Arthur Goldberg, and
Presidential Assistant McGeorge Bundy ex-
press themselves freely, but the three CBS
reporters-Richard C. Hottelet, Marvin Kalb,
and Harry Reasoner-all asked pointed ,iues-
tions and got some forceful answers, even
though the latter were couched occasionally
in diplomatic jargon.
The television audience as a whole may
not have grasped the true significance of
what was being said, and perhaps it wasn't
expected to, as the ' real audience wa:: far
away In other lands. There's little doubt
that the foreign offices in Peking and Mos-
cow, to whom verbatim transcripts were
available through embassies here, can read
between the lines and Perceive that there's
a chance to make peace now without much
complication and that there may be grater
difficulty later on if the war is prolongod.
Emphasis was placed, of course, on
America's readiness to negotiate, and the
point was made that the military successes
in recent days might "help us bring nearer
the day when there would be effective nego-
tiations." But the heart of the argument
was the indicated formula as to how peace
could be made. Secretary Rusk recalled that
the Chinese had been talking about an im-
mediate withdrawal of American forces as a
precondition to negotiations, and described
this as "quite an unrealistic point of view,"
because the intervention of. American forces
In the first place was due entirely to the
Invasion from the north into South Vietnam,
Secretary Rusk added:
"Now one would suppose that peace re-
quires that there be a withdrawal of those
North Vietnamese forces that have pene-
trated into South Vietnam. If you don't
like the word withdrawal, you can use the
word redeployment, but it is that in ultra-
Lion which is solely responsible for the
presence of American combat forces in South
Vietnam."
Secretary Rusk reiterated that the United
States has "no interest in military bases or a
permanent military presence in southeast
make sense from anyone's point of view."
Mr. Rusk didn't speak of the Red Chinese
as "enemies" but referred to "our colleagues
In Peiping" as he said :
"If they want to test whether or not the
United States is aggressive, then let them live
at peace with their neighbors and they would
find out that the United States Is not ag-
gressive with respect to mainland China."
The whole discussion shows clearly to
Peiping that there is a way to make peace.
It adds up to a willingness by the United
States to refrain from bombing North Viet-
nam provided there Is an indication of a
withdrawal of Communist forces back to
North Vietnam, This then could lead to a
cease-fire, and talks could proceed in-
definitely on other points at issue.
Congressman Culver Helps Iowa
Farmers _.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF _
HON. BERT BANDSTRA
OP IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 26, 1965
Mr. BANDSTRA. Mr. Speaker, I
feel it Is good when steps are taken to
build stronger ties among rural and ur-
ban sections. of the country. I would
like to call to the attenion of my fellow
Members an article from the August 20,
1965 issue of the Des Moines Register
describing the visit of three eastern
Congressmen to northeast Iowa at the
invitation of our colleague JOHN CULVER,
who represents the second district of
Iowa.
Congressman CULVER arranged the
trip to show the metropolitan Repre-
sentatives JOHN Muarsr of New York,
THOMAS MCGRATH of New Jersey, and
WILLIAM GREEN of Philadelphia, the
problems of Iowa farmers and the im-
portance of a good farm program.
On this occasion the Congressmen
visited several farms near Olin in Jones
County where they had the opportunity
to view the methods, equipment, and
conservation practices of modern agri-
culture, and. to frankly discuss current
farm problems. Additionally, they at-
tended a county fair in Decorah and a
farm meeting in' Independence, toured
plants in Cedar Rapids, and were shown
historical points of interest and tourist
facilities in Dubuque, McGregor, Mar-
quette, Spiliville, and Fort Atkinson,
As the Representative of Iowa's
Fourth District, and a member of the
WITH CULVER
MURPHY, Representative THOMAS MCGRATH,
Democrat, of New Jersey, and Representa-
tive WILLIAM GREEN, Democrat, of Pennsyl-
vania, were in Iowa with Representative
JOHN CULVER, Democrat, of Iowa, who rep-
resents the district' that includes Jones
County.
CuLvER said he asked the eastern Congress-
men to come here to learn first hand the
problems faced by farmers in the hope that
through mutual understanding the two sec-
tions of the country both would benefit.
MURPHY, 39, represents a metropolitan sec-
tion of New York. Green, 27, represents a
section of Philadelphia. McGrath, 38, repre-
sents Atlantic City and the South Jersey
shore area.
None had been on a Midwest farm before
Friday. Green cheerfully admitted he had
not been "west of Pittsburgh."
The four Congressmen were in the House
Chamber in Washington, D.C., until 8 p.m.,
Thursday to vote in favor of the administra-
tion's farm bill. Seven hours later, after
flying and driving all right, all were bedded
down In Iowa farm homes in Jones County.
MCGRATH who stayed at the farm home
of Glenn Brown, southwest of Olin, was up at
6:30 a.m., after 3 hours sleep. Wearing a
white shirt and tie, he donned a borrowed
set of coveralls and rubber boots and set out
with Brown on "chore time."
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 21414
Approved For RV6;K& J/I18P J- C gMBM 130gffi XTR0300130002
30, 1965
even if it does not wish to do so, its position
in the Fund to be reconstituted at the discre-
tion of the Fund through drawings of its
currency by other countries.
(vi) The amendment of the Articles of
Agreement, which is required in several
schemes, would open the door to further,
unpredictable and possibly undesirable mod-
ifications of the rules governing the Fund.
(vii) In the particular case of substitution
of gold certificates for gold on the occasion
of quota increases, the principal deterrent
to unjustified requests for larger quotas by
countries permanently in a weak external
position would disappear. Moreover, there
would be little flexibility to respond to over-
all needs as increases could only be decided
at the time of quota increases.
Paragraph 125: Counter-arguments, some
of which were supported by all other mem-
bers of the Study Group, were presented as
follows :
(i) In general, the Fund's prestige and
experience as a monetary 1nsiitution make
it the natural center for new functions in-
volving deliberate creation of reserve assets
and provide assurance of its capacity to con-
duct, and keep distinct, conditional lending
and deliberate reserve creation. It was felt
that it would be unfortunate and confusing
to establish a rival center of decision in the
international monetary field. Given the de-
sirability of maintaining a proper balance
between the extension of credit facilities and
the creation of reserve assets, it would be
more appropriate to combine these functions
in one institution. It should be noted that
any scheme of deliberate reserve creation,
whether in the Fund or otherwise, would
tend to make countries less dependent on
credit facilities and on the conditions at-
taching to them.
(ii) As regards the decision-making proc-
ess, the weighted voting system has operated
effectively, generally reflecting the relative
economic weight and international respon-
sibility of the participants, and giving the
countries of the Group of Ten a decisive
influence on Fund policymaking, Further-
more, the voting power of individual coun-
tries or groups of countries may be altered,
for instance, by selective adjustments of
quotas, to reflect changes over time in rela-
tive economic weight and responsibility. In
addition, special decision rules may be en-
visaged to govern the operation of particular
methods of creating reserve assets through
the Fund.
(iii) Most schemes for deliberate reserve
creation through the Fund incorporate a self-
qualifying element, which would exclude
countries in persistent deficit while allowing
countries with good balance of payments'
performance, now or in the future, to share
in reserve creation; other qualifying cri-
teria-for example, that the country's cur-
rency has been used in drawings-would per-
mit a more selective but still open grouping.
In response to the argument that countries
with a favorable balance-of-payments record
would have little interest in an increase in
reserve assets in the form of automatic draw-
ing rights in the Fund, it was stated that this
consideration applied with equal strength to
the attitude of such countries to any form of
addition to their reserves. As to the benefit
that is said to accrue to countries that are at
first excluded under the self-qualifying ele-
ment and later repay their debt to the Fund,
this mitigation of a debt burden is no differ-
ent from what would be experienced by
debtor countries which received new reserve
assets under any reserve creation scheme, ex-
cept that, under the self-qualifying element
in the Fund, the benefit is not gained until
the debt is actually repaid.
. (iv) It was pointed out that not all Fund
schemes would require an amendment of the
Articles of Agreement; in any event, proposals
outside the Fund would require national leg-
islation. It was also observed that the criti-
cism of particular Fund schemes-for ex-
ample, that referred to in paragraph 124
(vii)-are not arguments against centering
deliberate reserve creation in the Fund but
against particular methods of doing so.
(v) The gold tranche is increasingly recog-
nized as a reserve asset which countries can
use .without reluctance and virtually at will
to meet a balance-of-payments need; new
types of claim on the Fund could be used
with equal facility. Furthermore, a repay-
ment obligation, such as that now attaching
to regular gold tranche drawings, is not differ-
ent in kind from the normal expectation that
a reserve loss will be reconstituted. Finally,
the process of reconstituting a country's re-
serve position in the Fund through drawings
of its currency by others is no different in
substance from the direct transfer of any
reserve asset to one country from another.
Rules of Decisionmaking
Paragraph 126: Deliberate multilateral
creation of reserve assets would be an entirely
new activity, entailing issues of great sig-
nificance to the world economy. Under most
proposals, decisions would be required, at a
mirfimum, as to the circumstances in which
the reserves should be created and as to the
amount to be created. Since differences of
attitude and policy among the participants
would be inevitable in the application of any
of the proposals that have been considered,
great importance attaches to the means of
resolving differences.
Paragraph 127: Objective formulea and
agreed rules are helpful in minimizing the
need for decisions. But any scheme would
have to be applied to varying circumstances
and in changing conditions and would call
for decisions on both policy and administra-
tion. While no voting system will work
smoothly where there are deep underlying
divisions of view, it is recognized that a viable
decisionmaking process is a prerequisite to
the successful operation of any reserve crea-
tion scheme. The group considered four
general rules of decisionmaking that have
been used in international organizations:
Unanimity: The proponents of this prin-
ciple consider that it is the only workable
process for as fundamental an operation as
deliberate creation of reserves and that it
offers some protection against international
inflation. They consider that the rule, Which
they regard as an essential safeguard of their
monetary autonomy, should be workable in a
limited and homogeneous group of countries
capable of reaching compromise, and cite ex-
amples, e.g., EPU. The opposite view, how-
ever, is that differences of opinion on policy
and operation fire inevitable and that, as a
result of the unanimity requirement, action
could not be taken without the agreement of
the group's most reluctant member. The re-
sult would be a failure to take action, and
hence too restrictive an approach to future
needs for reserves.
Unit voting with ordinary majority: In
general, our members did not believe that
this method of voting should be relied upon
for decisionmaking, some because of the
advantages they saw in unanimity and oth-
ers because of their preference for weighted
voting. However, in a variant of one of the
schemes before us, this method was men-
tioned as a possibility within a limited and
homogeneous group of countries (par. 65).
Weighted voting with ordinary majority:
This is the rule in the Fund for most types
of decisions, and is implicit in the proposals
for creating reserves through the Fund, as de-
scribed in chapter III. It could also be ap-
plied to a limited group within the Fund.
The supporters of this procedure assert that
it is now familiar and has been used suc-
cessfully to govern the operations of the
Fund. This thoroughly tested system repre-
sents a satisfactory compromise between
unanimity, which risks an impasse, and sim-
ple majority voting, which risks unsound de-
cisions. Moreover, they joint out that the
industrial members of the Fund have a de-
cisive voice in the decisions taken under this
procedure. Other members point out that
there has been criticism of individual deci-
sions reached under this system. Decisions
on deliberate reserve creation would involve
more fundamental issues, and divergences of
views could be sharper. To try to settle the
issues by majority voting, and especially by a
weighted majority which overruled a sub-
stantial minority, could expose the system to
severe strain.
Special majority-i.e., greater than an ordi-
nary majority: This could be applied both to
unit voting and weighted voting. It is used
in the Fund in conjunction with weighted
voting for certain important decisions, and
in the GAB.
Paragraph 128: Selection between these
alternatives is much more than a technical
matter. The economic impact of any scheme
can be greatly influenced by the rules
adopted for arriving at decisions.
Paragraph 129: Some members were of the
opinion that it is not possible to judge the
relative merits of the various types of de-
cisionmaking rule independently of the spe-
cific institutional and operational framework
in which they would be designed to operate.
In their view, the aim of providing maximum
safeguards for sound decisions, avoiding, on
the one hand, extreme rigidity and, on the
other, the possibility of misuse, could-de-
pending on the specific procedures and proc-
ess of decisionmaking-conceivably be
achieved by any one of the above-mentioned
types or a combinat n of them. In this con-
text, they referred, b way of; example, to the
variety of voting types in tlP EEC Treaty.
DECISIVE STRUGGLE IN VIETNAM:
HEARTS AND MINDS OF THE
VIETNAMESE
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, last
Thursday the distinguished senior sen-
ator from New York [Mr. JAVITS] de-
livered a speech on Vietnam which
should have a wide audience in this
country and the Nation.
Senator JAVITS discussed the nonmili-
tary war the fight for economic, educa-
tional, social advance in Vietnam, in a
word the struggle for men's minds.
Senator JAVITS called for a more in-
tensive effort in this regard; but it is
most significant that the New York Sen-
ator stressed the little reported but very
big effort we are making in this regard
right now.
Mr. President, in my judgment, this
economic-educational effort we are mak-
ing in South Vietnam is superlative, but
it is not spectacular. It does not lend
itself to headlines or dramatic TV re-
porting. Few Americans know about it.
I am delighted that the senior senator
from New York has given it his attention
in his fine speech.
In this connection, Mr. President,
James Reston of the New York Times
has been sending dispatches back to this
country that show that we are not going
to win unless we somehow solve the tough
problem of winning the support of the
heart-from peasants in villages and
hamlets throughout Vietnam.
First the Reston dispatches establish
the reasons why this is likely to be a long
war. And in such a war the capacity
to win and hold' the allegiance of the
people of South Vietnam will be essen-
tial.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
August 30, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
Distribution of newly created reserve as-
scis in proportion to countries' gold hold-
ings would, because of differing policies on
the composition of reserves, be inequitable,
penalizing those countries which, as a mat-
ter of policy, maintain a low ratio of gold
to total reserves. In order to benefit from a
greater share of new assets created, monetary
n,athorities would feel an incentive to maxi-
mize their gold holdings by converting re-
serve currency assets into gold. Moreover,
tha consequent reduction in the gold reserves
of the United States might cause anxieties
to monetary authorities outside the group
wG participating countries and lead them
a ~,u to convert reserve currencies into gold.
The result would be a shrinkage of total
reserve assets (at least in their present form)
and therefore a potential threat to the sta-
bility of the system as a whole. The impact
would fall mainly on U.S. reserves; yet, even
if new assets were created, and distributed
in proportion to gold holdings, in an amount
equivalent to the shrinkage of reserve cur-
rency assets, only 40 percent of the drop in
EU.d. reserves would be compensated, since the
United States holds only 40 percent of the
group's total gold stock. It may be noted
that substitution of ;gold for reserve cur-
rencies resulting in an increase of only 1
percentage point in the average ratio of gold
to total official reserve outside the United
States would mean the disappearance of
about $500 mn. of reserve assets (of which
about $275 mm. In the group), an amount not
far from the annual addition to monetary
gold stocks in recent years. ,
Even if distribution were not based on gold
holdings, a close link to gold in the use of
new reserve assets would encourage coun-
tries within the group to hold a higher ratio
of gold to total reserves, since the use of the
new assets would (unlike other new assets
not closely linked with gold) entail sizable
gold movements in the financing of interna-
tional imbalances. Countries outside the
group might feel impelled to increase their
gold ratios also. Sizable gold movements
could be damaging to confidence and could,
in any case, lead countries to adopt exces-
sively harsh policies in order to avoid deficits
and a resultant loss of gold. This tendency
toward restrictive policies would be accentu-
ated as the result of conversions of currency
assets into gold, with further harmful effects
on international trade and economic growth.
;finally, these members also questioned
whether the operations of the Fund, being
necessarily based on the use of currencies,
would not be impeded in a gold-dominated
system through fears of Fund members that
their currencies, when drawn and put Into
circulation, would have to be redeemed by
them in gold.
e a a + s
Paragraph 118: (1) Width of management
group.-So far as management is concerned,
it is argued in favor of a limited group that
the formation of judgments on the operation
and liquidity of the international monetary
system would be a highly important, but
difficult, process which, would only be likely
to succeed in practice within a group of
limited size and homogeneous composition.
The needs of the larger industrialized coun-
tries which share the responsibility for the
working of the international monetary sys-
tem are different not only in scale but in
kind from those of the rest of the world.
These are the countries which principally
hold and use reserves for international mon-
ebery purposes; and their reserve needs are
a primary concern of the international sys-
tan. Those who hold this view see no
serious technical or political problem In
flitted groups. Important precedents al-
ready exist in the ETU, EMA," the pro-
vison for mutual assistance in the EEC,?
European Monetary Agreement.
European Economic Community.
and the GAB. The outside world has al-
ways accepted such groups provided that
they are not detrimental to outside in-
terests or, a fortiori. that they operate in the
general interests of the system as, for ex-
ample, the limited group of the GAB Is
designed to do.
Paragraph 119: The other view, while rec-
ognizing that precedents exist and that such
groups as the members of the G.A.B. may op-
erate to the general advantage of the system
as a whole, considers that arrangements con-
cerned with the liquidity of the international
monetary system as a whole should, in prin-
ciple, be of a worldwide nature. As regards
the danger of unsound decisions being
reaohed if the management were widely rep-
resentative, those who share this view re-
minded the Group that, while the views of all
participants in the international monetary
system are heard in the Fund, the ultimate
decisions remain in the hands of the limited
number of countries which are chiefly respon-
sible for the system's successful working. To
establish a management group to which only
the larger industrial countries were admitted
would mean arbirarily excluding countries of
proven credit and ability in managing their
external finances. The growth of reserves
outside the Group of Ten during the pest
decade, for example, averaged some $485 mn.
a year.
Paragraph 120: (ii) Width of distribution
and circulation of the asset-In favor of
keeping the ownership and circulation of the
asset within a limited group of industrialized
countries, it was argued that an international
asset must be based on credit and that the
credit of those who back it must therefore be
unquestioned. There must be no room for
doubt whether the asset will, in practice, be
honored in operation or, ultimately, in liquid-
ation. Deliberately created new reserve assets
must, of their nature, initially be distributed
without the recipients' having had to forego
real resources In order to earn them, but will
thereafter command real resources. Care is
therefore needed in establishing the group in
which they are to be used. A reserve asset is
characterized by the expectation that, if it
flows out, it should ordinarily be reconsti-
tuted in due time. Assets which are speci-
fically created to fulfill the reserve function
should, consequently, be distributed only to
countries whose balance of payments is likely
to move between deficit and surplus and
which are, therefore, able to assume the ob-
ligations as well as the rights entailed in the
convention and its working. More generally,
a system which meets the reserve needs of the
larger nations will, In practice, benefit all
countries.
Paragraph 121: The other view here, while
recognizing the logic of some of the points
anode, considers that the limited arrange-
ment would be exposed to disadvantages
which would outweigh the advantages
claimed for it. For a group of industrially-
advanced countries to increase, by a stroke
of the pen, as it were, their own monetary
reserves and appear to make themselves
thereby the richer, would invite criticism
from other countries, who would declare that
their own need for more elbow room in their
international payments was, proportion-
ately, no less than that of the members of
the group. A number of the smaller coun-
tries could show that they have maintained
a good reserve position and that their bal-
ance of payments' record compares favorably
with that of countries within the group. It
would be arbitrary to deny participation to
suoq countries. In any limited member-
ship, the difficulty of borderline cases is
likely to arise. For this reason, those who
hold this view favor an approach that is not
strictly. limited in the width of membership.
Thhey prefer an approach that embodies a
self-qualifying': element and would therefore
be more open than a grouping that is=strictly
limited to a small number of countries. They
point out that many countries throughout
23,4.13
the world feel, or will feel, a need for grow-
ing reserves; yet countries excluded from the
group would be able to increase their re-
serves only by surrendering real resources or
attracting capital inflow. To exclude these
countries would risk creating a sense of dis-
crimination which would hamper monetary
cooperation and understanding and which
might well lead to demand for compensa-
tion in other ways. As a technical matter,
the more limited the group the more likely
it is that individual members of the group
will accumulate an undue araount of the
new asset; this would occur if such members,
even when in payments' balance with the
entire world. had a surplus with the group
and a deficit with the rest of the world.
Paragraph 122: Some members felt that
membership for purposes of management
need not necessarily be identical with mem-
bership for purposes of distribution and use
of the reserve asset.
The Role of the I.M.F.
e a. a ,r a
Paragraph 124: As regards deliberate re-
serve creation, however, the following argu-
ments against an approach through the Fund
were supplied, mainly by one of our members;
certain of these arguments were supported
by some other members of the Study Group.
(i) To give to the Fund the power to
create and distribute at its initiative new
unconditional reserve assets ;night impair
Its ability to perform its role of custodian
of monetary discipline, which is based on the
granting of conditional credits of limited
duration.
(ii) Generally, the ordinary rules of
weighted voting in the Fund, which, in fact,
give a decisive influence to a very few coun-
tries with the largest quotas, do not seem
appropriate to the handling of such a power-
ful instrument as across-the-board reserve
creation, which should be under the control
of a group comprising all the Largest indus-
trial countries.
(iii) Moreover, the difficulty of drawing a
line inside the Fund between members who
would and members who would not benefit
from across-the-board creation of reserve as-
sets would entail the risk that assets which,
by their nature, should flow back and forth,
would be distributed to countries showing a
persistent tendency to remain In deficit. In
practice, it seems politically and psychologi-
cally extremely difficult, if not impossible, to
introduce inside the Fund a descrimination
among its members by the way of a qualify-
ing criterion-e.g., countries whose currency
has been drawn.
(iv) As to the self-qualifying element
which would result from the fact that an
across-the-board increase in gold tranche po-
sitions would not immediately accrue to
'countries with outstanding drawings in their
credit tranches, its effects would not have
much practical significance as between those
who qualified and those who did not. It
makes little difference to the former, because
of their good position and record in the Fund,
whether their drawing rights are automatic
or of the kind now available to them in the
first credit tranche, nor would the associ-
ated addition to total drawing facilities be
of great significance to them; whereas the
latter would receive a benefit in an appre-
ciable de facto mitigation of their repayment
obligation, Insofar as any amount repaid In
their new automatic tranche can easily be
'redrawn.
(v) The use 01'reserve positions in the Fund
has certain disadvantages. In most schemes
of Fund reserve creation, it would require a
drawing on the Fund or the realization of a
loan claim on terms similar to those of a
drawing; and some countries have, in the
past, shown reluctance to draw on the Fund.
On the one hand, a country has to represent
a balance-of-payments need before drawing;
on the other hand, it might have to repay
before its reserves have Improved, or to allow.
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 Approved or Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
August 30, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE 21415
I ask unanimous consent that the Communists, but it is improving on the MILITARY TRANSFORMATION
Reston article from August 27, New York allied side. For example it was a Vietcong There seems to be no dissent here--even
Times, entitled "Saigon: Indicators of defector who provided the detailed informa- among the diplomats of allied countries that
tion on enemy strength and positions that have been critical of American policy in the
a Long War" be printed in the RECORD led to the marine attack and victory at last 6 months-that the application of
at this point. Chulai. American power in this country since last
There being no objection, the article An intelligence gap, however, still remains, February has transformed the military situ-
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, and even Chulai did not provide as much in- ation.
as follows: formation and materiel as officials expected. Between last August and last February, the
SAIGON: INDICATORS OF A LONG WAR They got only about 100 Vietcong weapons Vietcong ranged through the central low-
B James Reston) there. Only six of the captured fighters lands virtually at will. The South Viet-
( y turned out to be hard core Vietcong regulars, namese Army could not, or at least did not,
SAIGON.-All the available information here and though two Vietcong battalions were stop them. Over 100,600 refugees were
indicates that both sides are planning for a virtually wiped out, a large part of two other driven Into the coastal city of Quinhon alone,
long war. The Vietcong seem to be regroup- Vietcong battalions apparently got away. and the disintegration within the South
ing in the central highlands while our forces Modern instruments of detection, however, Vietnamese Army and Government was
build up their bases along the coast, and are helping the allies. Planes equipped with alarming.
neither side seems to have the capacity to infrared sensor devices can spot the Vietcong Recognizing this, the United States took
stop the other from continuing this process. redoubts by tracting heat from fires or even three decisions that have stabilized the mili-
In the cities of Communist North Vietnam, automobile engines on the ground. tary situation. It extended the war into
Western diplomats report that their in- armed helicopter is proving to be North Vietnam. It increased its forces here
quiries about negotiations are getting no The effective primarily in getting men to to over 125,000, and it sanctioned the use of
more encouragement now than before the highly a given spot quickly to follow up intelligence American air, artillery and naval strikes
recent U.S. victories. Instead, they are leads and in strafing entrenched defenders against the Vietcong in South Vietnam.
being told it North Vietnamese n h get been with machinegun fire from positions directly WAR IN THE HAMLETS
with tdetr detailed er raid precautions about where have to been over the field of battle. This last decision to search for and destroy giv in ca a of the evacuation about of an l- SITUATION STABILIZED the enemy anywhere In South Vietnam is
phong. ncse of the evacuation of Hanoi and Hai- These theories are only beginning to be regarded here as the most effective and least
understood of the three decisions. The Viet-
The BASES tested. The fear of collapse, so strong here cong, which used to raid the countryside and
Vietcong are apparently dug into a last August, and again last November, has then bivouac in the hamlets, are now being
number of underground bases in remote passed. The military situation has been hounded from the air and attacked in the
areas from which they go out on raiding stabilized-that is about all that can be hamlets.
parties by small units and to which they re- said-and the Communists clearly have the The people In the South Vietnam hamlets
turn to rest and replenish their supplies. manpower in the North to tip it once more now know that if they dig tunnels for the
American intelligence indicates that de- to their favor if they choose to do so. Vietcong and give them food and refuge,
spite the present level of bombing, these tae-
tical Communist bases can probably be sup- Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, Res- they are likely to be shelled or bombed, and plied with enough arms and ammunition, ton next spells out the paradox that to this envy's has problem, but undoubtedly it has complicated raised a the en-
and and moved around from place to place, to win we must hit with our military power problem on our side. For it has caused great
keep the war going for a long time. and do so with immense force and that suffering and destruction among the civilian
Meanwhile, even in the present optimistic indeed the military power is beginning population,
mood an our side, the most our officials will to tell on the Vietcong now. But in the This country is now beginning to take a
say is that this is only "the beginning of the Very process we run the risk of losing the frightful beating from the air. Yesterday's
beginning." vital allegiance of the people of South U.S. communique, for example, listed 57 Air
The U.S. bases and supply areas are Vietnam who naturally see little benefit Force strikes in a single day in the southern-
prresentesent in a scorched earth policy that may kill most area of South Vietnam, and 95 strikes
than ng isn neececesssary sary to on a care for scale the far
th elsewhere In South Vietnam by Navy fighter-
level of American forces-therefore it is as- Vietcong but in the process kill, maim, bombers from the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Coral
sumed that the buildup will continue well burn them and destroy their little vil- Sea. The Navy said it dropped more than 65
beyond what has been announced so far. lage. Reston puts the paradox like this: tons of bombs and estimated that it killed
POWER COMPLEX But above all the people of Vietnam are five Vietcong, destroyed 102 structures and
In fact, the U.S. base at Canranh, ttrapped in power control. beyond
nothing da raged 6Me ong Delta in the south, the
which has one of the best natural ports in ding or Asia, is being developed into another Okina- can be done about it, but somewhere in a Navy also reported that the destroyer V.S.S.
wa, not merely for the purpose of this war, corner of the mind, their tragedy must be DeHaven fired over 355 rounds of 5-inch am-
but as a major power complex from which remembered. For we could win the war and munition at Vietcong assembly areas on
American officials hope a wider alliance of lose the people, and that would be the final shore. "Spotters estimated very good effect
iron of the story. on the targets," the communique said. Six
Asian nations, with the help of the United y buildings were destroyed with very good
States, will eventually be able t to contain the I ask unanimous consent that the ar- shrapnel effect over a very large area."
expansion of China. ticle by James Reston from yesterday's The only difficulty with this is that the
There is a fundamental change in the tone New York Times, entitled "Saigon: The Vietcong do not usually have isolated train-
of official American conversation here. It Tragic Paradox of Vietnam" be printed ing and supply centers apart from the South
v not only that y have oid planners are cony at this point in the RECORD. Vietnamese, but operate among the people inced
can they now have av hold oided these e militar growing y where the shrapnel has "very good effect" on
a defeat and that
defeat There being no objection, the article Communists and nonCommunists alike.
power centers along the sea, but that they was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, AMERICAN DILEMMA
believe they have found the instruments and
techniques for fighting effectively on the as follows: This is the devilish dilemma of the pres-
fringes of Asia against guerrilla limited war- SAIGON: THE TRAGIC PARADOX OF VIETNAM ent American strategy in the South. We
fare. - (By James Reston) are chasing guerrillas with bombs and it is
This may or may not be right. It is prob- SAIGON, August 28.-The American milk- apparently having much more effect on the
ably a valid assumption at the present level tary buildup in Vietnam is beginning to rat- Vietcong than anybody thought possible, but
of the Vietcong attacks, but the Communists tle the windows. You don't need official in the process, we are attacking and often
so far have committed only three regiments figures to feel what's happening. The sky destroying the areas we want to pacify.
of the 325th North Vietnamese Division, and over Saigon is alive with noisy aerial boxcars, It Is now estimated that there are between
they have an uncommitted organized army stuttering helicopters and flashing Skyhawk 500,000 and 600,000 refugees in this country.
of over 300,000 behind that in the north. fighter-bombers. The airports, the bars and Most of them are living in shacks and pens
The first question, therefore, is how much the restaurants are now all a little high- that would make the slums of Harlem look
more manpower the North Vietnamese will not to mention the G.I.'s on leave-and even like the LBJ ranch, And by the end of the
send south. The expectation here is that the fancy hotels are beginning to smell like a year U.S. airpower will be more than dou-
they will certainly make up their recent men's locker room, bled.
losses and equal whatever manpower Wash- When Uncle Sam moves in, somebody has This country normally produces a rice
surplus, but this year the United States has
fngton puts in, probably with volunteers to move over. The concentrated power of already had to commit itself to bring in
from North Korea (to match the South America is staggering, and this may prove 100,000 tons of rice to make up for the lost
Korean division coming here on our side). to be the most significant paradox of the war. production of peasants driven off the land.
Meanwhile, the United States and South For this power is now hitting not only the
Vietnamese forces will be concentrating on Vietcong, but the civil population of South MULTIPLE TRAP
the Vietcong underground redoubts. The Vietnam, and, the critical question is which There has been some ominous muttering
intelligence advantage still lies with the of these two will endure the punishment. about this American bombing policy in
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3
Z14113 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE August 30, 11x65
South Vietnam by Thich T'ri Quang, the August 13 to probing questions put to him and deliberately entered into on the basis of
powerful Buddhist bonze from Hue, but by'the French scholar, Philippe Devillera, in the SEATO treaty, on the basis of the bilat-
otherwise the tragedy has been accepted a cabled Interview published in Le Uonde of oral arrangements made by President Eisen-
with remarkable calm, maybe because pee- Paris, The North Vietnamese President bower with the Government of South Viet-
pie here expect the white man to bring made It clear that, when the time comes, nam, on the basis of annual appropriations
trouble." Hanoi would prefer an international Geneva- thoroughly discussed with the Congress for
Nevertheless, this is a problem that will style conference rather than bilateral nego- aid in both the economic and political affairs
get worse as more bombers are added. War tiations with Washington. He insisted that of South Vietnam for 1:0 years, on the basis
has a way of trapping everybody concerned. the United States actually accept the four of the commitments of three Presidents--we
The United States is trapped between accept- points in principle before a conference is have a commitment.
ing the Vietcong attacks or striking back held. "We know we have it. The South Viet-
and hitting the South Vietnamese In the For the most part, the four points merely namese know we have A. The Communists
process. In a Y
China. is trapped summarize the key elements in the 1954 know we have it. So, if anyone doubts we
between the power of the U nitedg States. and Geneva agreements, which President Johnson have a commitment, let them look at the
has said the United States also accepts as the facts."
But above all, the people of Vietnam are basis for a settlement. There is one difficult Question: "What does that commitment
trapped in a power struggle beyond their sticking point. The Communists have added mean?"
understanding or control. Maybe nothing a demand-not in the Geneva accords-that President Johnson: "What does it mean?
can be done about it, but somewhere in a the Saigon Government be reconstituted be- If I can leave you with one thought, I would
corner of the mind, their tragedy must be fore elections are held. They demand a co- say that you must understand that the
remembered. For we could win the war and alition regime in which the Vietcong would integrity of the American commitment Is
lose the people, and that would be the final participate and even, in some versions, be the principal pillar of peace in the world
irony of the story. given "a decisive voice." today. If anything happens Negotiations, if opened, could go on for a of that comitment, we alost. integrity
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I also long time. Militarily, both sides are digging "I have used the word 'honor' with re-
ask unanimous consent that the impli- in for a long war. But the increasing evi- spect to Vietnam. When I have done so,
cations of military deescalation to 9.C- dence that neither can win a victory by force some have tended to say, 'Oh, dear me' as if
commodate negotiations in Vietnam-- of arms makes a political settlement essen- this were an expression out of l8th-
implications discussed thoughtfully with tial. Deescalation would be the best way to century diplomacy-for, a king who had
some tough sticking points included in begin, become offended because his daughter was
a recent New glinted in the Rork Times at this point edit4)rial-bi~ Mr. PROXM]RE. Mr. President, last r fused in marriage to the sn of another
Thede being n RECORD
objection, the editorial week Iplaced in the RECORD the superla- Question: "What do you mean by'honosr'?"
was ordered to be printed the REr,- tive statement by Secretary Rusk on the President Johnson: "Let me tell you what
ORD, was as follows,: significance of our commitment to Viet- honor means--concretely, Toward the end
nam. Today's Washington Post carries of President Eisenhower; sadministration, he
DESSCALATION IN VxrrNAW a column by Roscoe Drummond which was presented by Chairman Khrushchev with
For more than 10 years the United States spells out with direct quotes the deep an ultimatum: Six months in Berlin and
has been following a policy of escalation in Convictions of President Johnson on this out. And President Eisenhower said to
its military commitment in Vietnam. Now question of just why we are in Vietnam Chairman Khrushchev, 'No, Mr. Chairman,
it has apparently decided to explore whether and how very deeply our commitment Acan't do that to the United states.'
deescalation might not offer a more, proznis- And n Khrushchev had to believe it.
ing approach to a settlement of the south- In Vietnam goes. "In the summer of 1961, Khrushchev said
east Asian conflict. The efforts Washington I ask unanimous co-ant that th
e
=emu w the numerous
other peace feelers that have been and still
are being undertaken.
The newest proposal, as Times diplomatic
correspondent Max Frankel reports, is that
Hanoi withdraw some or all of the 325th
North Vietnamese Division it has sent into
South Vietnam, In return for a reduction or
cessation of American bombing of North
Vietnam. This report clarifies the American
offer of August 8--revealed in Britain's white
paper yesterday--to initiate another "per-
haps more prolonged" pause in the bombing
as quid pro quo for an "appropriate and com-
mensurate" military step by North Vietnam.
There is little reason, of course, to be over-
optimistic about the new approach at this
stage. No reply has yet come from Hanoi
and many past attempts hate failed. The
British white paper details in 62 documents
the innumerable attempts that have been
made since February by London, Washing-
ton, and other governments to bring about
talks. All have been fiercely rejected by
Peiping and-occasionally after hesitation-?-
by Hanoi. "Yet," as the Official British
commentary points out, "there is room for
hope."
There have been a number of recent hints
that Interest in negotiations may be reviving
in North Vietnam, Hanoi has admitted and
held discussions with envoys from Britain
and Ghana. Secretary General Thant, as
reported in press dispatches earlier this week,
has made undisclosed new peace proposals
to "the Governments most concerned" at the
request of Ambassador Arthur J. Goldberg.
The substance of a settlement-or at least
its main principles--is being commented on
by both sides in unilateral public and
rivat
p
e
statements so explicit that they virtually Question: "Do we really have a commit-
take on the form of preliminary informal meat to South Vietnam?"
exchanges, Thus, President Johnson on President Johnson: "I'm not going to take
July 28 offered to discuss Premier Pham Van the case to the Supreme Court as to whether four Aong's
Ho Chi Mtnh prepliedrinsome detail on April n a. we defense. legally ilcommittment was voluntarily
pu=s was at the Vienna
RECORD at this point. talks in June, 1961. :President Kennedy
There being no objection, the article looked him straight In the eye and said,
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ,Mr. Chairman, If that is what you want,
as follows: that is What you will have. It will be a cold
L.B.J. AND HONOR-NAGC}INC winter.' And it was utterly (vital) to the life
QTIESTxoNS of this Nation that Mr. Khrushchev believed
(By Roscoe Drummond) that.
There are some questions only the Press- "When the Russian mi-il
es entered Cuba,
dent of the United States can answer. It is President Kennedy had to say to Mr. Khru-
his constitutional duty to conduct foreign shchev, 'Mr. Chairman, these missiles have to
relations. He alone is Commander in Chief. go. Period. Paragraph. They have got to
Many Americans still have nagging ques- go. And you have a chance to get them out
tions about why we are in Vietnam. The peacefully, but they have got to go.' The
President's most effective answers often come life of this Nation depended at that moment
when he is speaking informally and spon- on Mr. Khrushchev believing him.
taneously-rather than in his set speeches. "We are now saying to Hanoi and Peiping,
This column reports the President speak- `Gentlemen, you are not going to take over
lug informally and spontaneously on ques- South Vietnam. You're not going to do it.'
tions which concern the safety of the United "If you were a Berliner, if you were a Thai,
States and the peace of the world-and gives you would be living on the basis of the
his candid and innermost thinking. American commitment. if Moscow or Pei-
Question: "Was there no other choice but ping or Hanoi ever thought that commit-
to defend South Vietnam?" ment was not worth anything, then no one
President Johnson: "You know the major is in more danger than you and I in this
alternatives as well as I do and I won't take room. The entire Nation is in danger.
time to repeat them. You can think of a "That is what honor means In this situa-
thousand problems, a thousand complica- tion. It takes guts. You have the life of
tions, about this ball of wax out there in nations wrapped up in this word."
southeast Asia. We had to confront this This is what the Integrity of America's
utter complexity and find a few simple, fun- commitment to South Vietnam means to the
damental propositions on which this Nation President of the United States,
moves
"And What are those simple propositions?
One, the fact of aggression. Can the thou-
sands of armed men and large quantities of
arms sent down from North Vietnam to South
Vietnam take over that country by force? If
you don't believe this Is really aggression,
go see Bob McNamara or Dean Rusk and let
HEART OF PRICE STABILITY: LA-
BOR COSTS DROP, WHILE WAGES
RISE
Mr. PROXMIR,E. Mr. President, if
there is one particularly persistent and
harmful economic myth it is that higher
wages necessarily cause higher produc..
tion costs and higher prices.
The fact Is that Increased productiw?
ity-the Capacity of each worker to
produce more-can enable him to earn
Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130002-3