THE OUTCOME OF THE RECENT WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200300017-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 11, 2004
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: July 11, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

, iffif4A12j- 8&-FP6SENATER000200300017-3
July 11, 1967 Approved Fo~ ft
However, that is only part of the story. The
House Appropriations Committee warns that
"the tempo and cost of the war in southeast
Asia are on the upward trend" and that "the
cost of wars can never be projected precisely."
Thus, $70.3 billion may not pay the whole
military bill during the next 12 months. So
the committee has warned that the pitcher
may have to return to the well.
Nor does that warning put "finis" to the
story. The $70.3 billion is in addition to an
estimated $43.7 billion now available to the
military establishment in funds previously
appropriated by Congress.
That makes a tidy total of $114 billion as a
possible outlay for military expenditures in
the new fiscal year beginning next month.
And the end is not yet. Hidden billions,
tucked away in the budget, pay for the an-
nual operations of such hush-hush groups
as the CIA. Authorities in these matters esti-
mate that the CIA operations cost a mini-
mum of $10. billion a year.
So, on any abacus, the all-over figure totes
up to $124 billion. Or, for the coming year,
well over 50 per cent of the $200 billion that
the world will spend this year on prepara-
tions for war.
The U.S. is very, very rich-the richest na-
tion in history. But can even the U.S. indef-
initely support the constant escalation of
war funds? Especially at the expense of man
himself?
How can any congressman, voting such
huge military expenditures, cry "economy"
when-by comparison-piddling sums are
asked for public education, for the eradica-
tion of poverty, for the elimination of dis-
ease, for unpolluted air and water, for better
housing and for reconstruction of rotting
cities?
Materiel is obviously more important than
man. So we and other nations go on buying
more andjnore matches in a tinder world.
AR IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, amid
the vast reportage and editorial com-
ment on the historic developments in the
Middle East, a column. written by Ken-
neth Crawford, a veteran able journalist,
in the July 17 issue of Newsweek gives
about as good a condensed summary as
may be found anywhere. I have only a
couple of comments to amplify Craw-
ford's summary.
He states :
The United States' devotion to Israel is
more sentiment than practicality. Its long-
range interest is, of course, in peace and
stability for the Middle East.
It would be my view that while the at-
titude of the United States toward Is-
rael has not been consistent or uniformly
favorable-since in our foreign aid pro-
gram we have given vast sums to the
sworn enemies of Israel, such as Dicta-
tor Nasser's Egypt-a folly which some of
us in the Congress finally ended-with-
out attempting to demonstrate that
"long-range interest in peace" which Mr.
Crawford indicates to be U.S. policy, to
wit John Foster Dulles' hostile position
both to Israel and toward our then tradi-
tional allies, Britain and France, when
he took the side of Egypt and Soviet Rus-
sia in Nasser's seizure of the Suez Canal
in 1956-our Nation's attitude should be
unqualifiedly favorable to Israel for the
following reasons:
Israel is an oasis of democracy in a
Middle East desert of backwardness and
.dictatorship. Even more than that, of
the nearly 70 countries that have been
born in the wake of the anticolonial re-
volt all over the globe since World War II
Israel is the. outstanding example of
liberty and democracy. Its people enjoy
government by consent of the governed,
freedom of speech and press. In short,
Israel is the counterpart in its ideology
and actions of what the United States
professes to be our own ideal and course
of conduct.
Since the United States professes that
it is interested in maintaining the basic
freedoms throughout the world and is
likewise engaged-most unwisely, in this
instance, in my view-in what is
allegedly an effort to promote democracy
in Southeast Asia, where it has never
existed and where the representatives of
that hope scarcely live up to the billing,
it would seem almost inevitable that we
should support Israel as a shining ex-
ample of democracy for the whole world.
So our support should not be based, as
Mr. Crawford suggests, on mere senti-
ment.
We might add that in addition to these
qualifications Israel is one of the few
countries that publicly acknowledges its
debt to Uncle Sam, makes no secret-as
do practically all other countries-of the
benefits of the foreign aid which we have
given it, and is also helping backward
nations by sending its technicians to aid
some of them.
Finally, one cannot but agree with
Kenneth Crawford's concluding sen-
tence; namely, that the outcome of the
brief war in the Middle East and Israel's
brilliant victory-certainly the most
brilliant in modern times and perhaps in
all history-could have been worse-
much worse.
One may shudder to think what would
have happened if the Arabs had won and
had succeeded in their 19-year-old un-
remitting threats to exterminate the
Israelis. Actually, secret captured orders
reveal that they were determined to mas-
sacre every man, woman, and child. That
would, in the circumstances, have pre-
sented the United States with a real
problem, which fortunately the Israelis'
courage, intelligence, and superiority in
all the qualities that count, spared the
free world.
A strengthened Israel, secure against
the unceasing threat of aggression and
sporadic raids by the surrounding Arab
nations, with a population 50 times as
great and an area a thousand times as
large, is essential for the peace of man-
kind and the perpetuation of the de-
cency and enlightenment which that lit-
tle nation embodies. All free men have a
stake in its maintenance and not least
the Nation which represents the largest
democracy on this planet, our own.
I ask unanimous consent that Ken-
neth Crawford's article entitled "Mid-
dle East Outcome" be printed at the con-
clusion of my remarks, and that it be
followed by my comments, entitled "Jor-
dan Had Ordered Its Troops To Kill All
the Inhabitants of Captured Israel Vil-
lages."
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
S 9381
MIDDLE EAST OUTCOME
(By Kenneth Crawford)
Debate on the Middle East crisis in the
United Nations General Assembly was not
an edifying spectacle. It must have been dis-
illusioning to hopeful idealists, if there are
any left, who still think of the U.N. as the
world's last best hope for peace. Facts were
twisted; logic was distorted; tortured se-
mantics were confusing. Yet, after much non-
sensical talk, the Assembly did the only
sensible thing in the circumstances: it did
practically nothing. So, in the end, reason
somehow prevailed.
The facts were clear enough to defy
obfuscation, try as the would-be obfuscators
did. The Israelis were quite clearly the ag-
gressors in the sense that they assumed the
offensive. But the Arabs were obviously the
aggressors in a more fundamental sense.
They had insisted that a state of war be-
tween Egypt and Israel never ceased to exist
after the British-French-Israeli attack on
the Suez in 1956. They had closed the Strait
of Tiran to embargo shipping by that route to
an enemy. They had announced it as their
firm purpose to drive Israelis into the sea
and to destroy the Jewish state.
__ FORMIDABLE BLOC
How could the Arabs contend that the
Israelis should be punished for a war al-
ready started and for striking first in de-
fense of their existnce? The Arabs could,
and did, by ignoring inconvenient facts and
by enlisting the support of nations willing to
do the same thing. The Soviet Union, which
had invested heavily in arms for the Arabs
in the hope of banishing Western influence
from the eastern end of the Mediterranean,
was more than willing for reasons easily un-
derstood. Gaullism, always eager to get even
with the U.S. for rescuing France from Hit-
ler and from economic collapse after Hit-
ler, joined up, too. Together they assembled
a formidable bloc.
Had the U.S. been actuated by cynical
short-range self-interest, it would have joined
the Arab bloc itself. It has extensive oil in-
volvements in the Arab countries and it has
fostered them with food and other help for
the Arabs. It has no comparable stake in
Israel. Neither has it any treaty obligation
to defend Israel, only statements of policy
underwriting the territorial integrity of all
the nations of the area and open passage to
the Gulf of Aqaba. Its devotion to Israel is
more sentiment than practicality. Its long-
range interest is, of course, in peace and sta-
bility for the Middle East.
In the showdown, neither the Soviet-
supported resolution demanding that the
Israelis surrender unconditionally the Arab
territories they seized during the six-day war
nor the U.S.-supported resolution tying with-
drawal to recognition by the Arab states of
Israel's right to live won the required two-
thirds majority.
THE 10TH POINT
This left Israel in possession of the Sinai;
the eastern bank of the Suez; the Gaza
Strip; Jordanian territory on the Israeli side
of the River Jordan, including all of Jeru-
salem, and Syrian hills overlooking Israel.
There is no reason to doubt Israel's capacity
to hold these acquisitions. Possession being
nine points of the law, time in the normal
course will take care of the tenth point if the
Israelis want it to.
Meanwhile, the conquered territories can
be held hostage to peace negotiations. In their
present irrational mood, the Arabs won't talk.
But they may come to it eventually even if
the Russians go through with their threat
to rearm Nasser and his allies. Egypt's eco-
nomic plight is already desperate and will
get worse. Syria and Jordan are in similar
straits. The squeeze may produce upheavals
of leadership in any or all of these countries.
A period of explosive instability is inevitable.
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 S9382
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CONG kESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 1.1
Having established themselves as the Arabs'
best friend, the Russians will have an advan-
tage in maneuvers to expl'pit this situation.
But the West also has friends-silent now
but perhaps not always-Ili the area. It also
has a better reputation fpr generosity and
helpfulness than the Soviet$ and more advan-
tageous markets for Arab o)1..
The U.S.-Soviet confrontation induced by
the crisis was inconclusive. Eyeball to eyeball,
neither blinked but both 4verted their gaze.
There seems to be tacit agreement that nei-
ther will permit itself to: be drawn into a
Middle East. shooting war' but otherwise to
disagree. Party leader Brezlnev has defended
his country's refusal to Intervene by force
and promised only further "political strug-
gle." Secretary Rusk has denied that the U.S.
has any Idea of imposing s peace settlement
on the nations of the Mid le East. And that
is where matters now stand. This outcome
could have been worse-much worse.
ORDERED ITS TROOPS
TO` KILL ALL THE INHABITANTS
OF CAPTURED ISRAEL VILLAGES
Mr.. GRUENING. Mr. 'President, a few
weeks ago, King Hussein of Jordan,
spoke before the United Nations, where
he warned the General Assembly that
if Israel were allowed to keep "even 1
square foot" of the larici it had taken,
the United- Nations wo!lld never again
be able to make a cease-fire stick any-
where. His speech followed the usual pat-
tern of what has become the Arab party
line: injured innocence, claims of Israel
aggression, charges of Western imperial-
ism. This was followed up by a visit to
President Johnson to ask for additional
economic and military assistance which
coincided with reports from Amman that
the Jordanians were disillusioned with
Nasser and were seeking new policies to
take into account the realities of the
Israel military victory.','
On June 27, 1967, I pointed out that
this kind of hypocrisy could not be ac-
cepted. ]: stated:
Before the outbreak of this 4-day war the
Israeli. Government sent messages to the king
urging him not to attack and saying that if
he did not there would be no counterattack
or action by the Israeli !troops across the
Jordanian border. King Hussein not only
rejected this peace offer l ut rushed to em-
brace Nasser, joined hi in his attack,
started the bombing of I rael and brought
upon himself the inevital1le reprisal.
He has no case whatever in the record of
history or in the court of Public opinion. He
is and" should be thoroug ly discredited for
his double-dealing, for his aggression, and
for the folly deliberately embarked on, which
not only cost many lives of Jordanians but
quite a few Israelis who did everything in
their power to obviate action on the Israel-
Jordan front. Hussein as no legitimate
claim of the kind that he hakes. He alone is
responsible for the loss of previously Jor-
danian territory.
This morning we see another example
of his hypocrisy. Under the caption
"Three Arab Leaders Meet in Cairo," the
New York Times carries a front-page
picture of King Hussein! at the Cairo air-
port, being warmly embraced by the
architect of Arab aggression, Gamal Ab-
del Nasser.
When the Israel forces swept through
Jordan's west, bank, they captured nu-
merous top secret documents in the files
of Jordanian military headquarters
sy: tematic aggression against Israel.
Tl.ose consisted of special orders issued to
military units in the west bank for Oper-
at: on "RA'AD" which involved orders to
M.A. and destroy Israel settlements and
to kill their inhabitants. These orders
were found in the headquarters of all the
Jordanian brigades positioned on the
West bank. The orders were issued by the
se:iior Jordanian headquarters of the
west bank and provided that they would
be :issued to the battalions to carry out
at such time as the west front headquar-
te: s decided to put into action the op-
erations. As stated in the orders every
rani was allocated to a force of infantry
battalion strength with supporting artil-
lery and engineers. All the raids were
planned on the same system in all the
brigades; that is, for one company to
br ak into the Israel settlement, destroy
it and kill all the inhabitants, another
Co 7lpany to provide support and a third
co npany to block off any Israel forces
coning to the relief of the settlements.
[ ask unanimous consent for the in-
clusion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of
a ranslation I have obtained of the top
secret order found in the files of the
Imam Aly Ben Abi Taleb Brigade, sta-
tic-ned near' Ramallah. The target speci-
fied in this order is the Israeli colony of
M )tza in the Jerusalem Hills. The date
of this order is June 7, 1966. A second
order was found at the brigade head-
quarters which is dated April 1967 which
is identical to the first except that it pro-
vides for an attack on the Sha'alabim
Settlement in the Latrun bulge.
The orders state unequivocally that
the intent of the planned military opera-
tion is to kill civilians and to destroy the
ci,'ilian settlements. It states that:
The aim of H.Q. West Front is to raid
Mi}tza Colony, to destroy it and to kill all
persons in it.
The Brigade Reserve Battalion will raid
th3 Colony Motza, will destroy it and kill all
its inhabitants upon receiving the code
"E ADHAD" from Brigade H.Q.
rn light of these documents it is m-
pcssible to escape the conclusion that
Jcrdan plotted aggression against Israel
as d was a willing partner in the Arab
pclicy to destroy Israel. This must be
taken into account when the Foreign
A: sistance Act is considered by the Sen-
at in the near future in relation to the
ariounts which the President will un-
dcilbtedly request for continued eco-
nc,rnic and military assistance to Jordan.
There being no abjection, the top se-
cret order was ordered to be printed. in
the RECORD, as follows:
[Top secret]
(Copy No. 4, H.Q. Imam Aly Ben Abi Taleb
Brigade (Operations). Registration No.:
A'i/1/1. Date: 7th June 1966.)
Special Operational Order "Opera-:ion
(F?A'AD)."
Ref. Maps: Jerusalem, Ramallah, Salfit,
Ai'ur, Lud, Yafo-Tel-Aviv, 1:50000.
Tc-s Commander Reserve Battalion 27th
BI :gad e.
1, SITUATION
A. Enemy:
(1) The enemy forces in MOTZA Colony
(13471342). The inhabitants number about
80),persons, engage in agriculture and brave
guard details in the colony.
(2) The colony mans five night guard
-
pc9ltions around it.
(3) The colony is surrounded) by slit-
trenches which are manned when ecessary.
(4) The colony has barbed-wire fences.
(5) The houses of the colony a1'e built of
concrete, and some have red-tile hoofs.
(6) The forces of the colony need 5-7
minutes to man their positions from the
moment of surprise,
(7) Enemy camps close to t 4e colony
which can take part in the camaign and
advance reinforcements:-
(a) CASTEL Camp (163133) on! Infantry
Co. with support detachments. Tl4e defence
position of this unit is on the hill ( .71337).
(b) SHNELLER Camp (170132) 6th Bri-
gade Reconaissance Co.
(c) ABU GOSH Camp (1680134) Border
Police Co.
(8) Air superiority to enemy.
B.-Own Forces:
(1) The intention of H.Q. Wes'ern Front
is to carry out a raid on MOTZA olony, to
destroy it and to kill all itsinha itants.
(2) This task was allocated t the Bri-
gadier of the IMAM ALY BEN A I TALES
Bridgade who will further it to tl}e Brigade
Reserve Battalion.
C. Attached and Detached: (W1}en giving
Reserve Battalion the Order to proceed).
Under Command, the forces ii position
at SHE Ill' ABD EL AZIZ Area and the RADAR
from the Battalion responsible fo the Left
wing of the Brigade.
Direct support, 2nd Field B4ttery 1st
Field Arty_ Regt. 1 platoon Field engineers.
1 section casualty collecting.
2. THE TASK
The Brigade Reserve Battalion! will raid
MOTZA Colony, will destroy it and will kill
all persons in it upon receiving the code-
word "HADHAD" from Brigade H.4.
3. MLTHOII
A. General.
(1) Night raid in one phase by Infantry
Co. plus platoon plus Engineer patoon for
the breaching and destroying, on Infantry
Co. less one platoon plus battalion support
weapons as firm base, one infantr Co. plus
elements of pioneers and field engineers for
blocking off reinforcements.
(2) The whole battalion will my~ ch from
the place of disembarkment fro'Fs the ve-
hicles, to the dispersal area.
B. One Company plus one pl toon-for
breaching and destroying.
(1) The task: The destructio'!n of the
colony and killing all its inhabitants.
(2) Attached: A.A.O. (Advancect Artillery
Observer) One platoon field engineers.
(3) Reorganization:
(a) On finishing the mission It will re-
tire to the assembly point allocated to it
and from there will march to point 16441366,
South-West of BEIT SOR1:K Village.
(b) Axis of retreat, East of SI1EIH ABD
EL AZIZ and from there by track eading to
BEIT SOR.IK and up to the d ployment
area (1640:1370).
(c) The Company will travel with the
Battalion in vehicles from ELO'IB BIDU
cross-roads to BIR A'WAP-BIDU crossroads
and from there tb its base in the ETUNYA
Hills. C. One Company less a platoons plus Bat-
talion Support Weapons.--Firm ) ase.
(1) The Task:
(a) Supporting the breaching force and
harassing the target with heavy !fire when
the raiding party Is discovered grid after it
finishes the destruction.
(b) Supporting the Assault Fqrce in its
e of the
retreat until it is beyond the raI"
enemy's fire. (c) The Company will move from the dis-
persal point to the place of the base-see
Draught A', at 16441353.
(d) The Company will retire after all the
other forces complete their retreat. The C.O.
of the Force will make sure that ally the forces
of the mission have retired.
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 July 11, 1967
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 9383
(2) Attached: A.A.O. M.F.S. (Mobile Fire
Spatter) .
(3) Reorganization:
(a) The Company will retire in full at the
end of the operation when ordered by the
Battalion Commander and will move by the
track from Sheih Abd El Azlz to Belt Sorik,
from there to the assembly point and from
there by vehicles.
(b) The Company will travel in vehicles
with the Battalion to the Battalion's base
at Bitunya by way of El Gib-Beit Awar
Crossroads-Bitunya.
D. Company plus pioneer platoon-Block-
ing-off reinforcements will establish two
Road Blocks:
(1) Right position: at (16371342) on the
main road leading to Abu Gosh Camp.
(2) Left position: (16631342) On the slope
of the Tel situated on the East side of the
Motza Colony and overlooking the Jerusalem-
Kolorya Road.
(3) The task:
(a) To prevent the arrival of any rein-
forcements or forwarding succour which
the enemy might send by their routes.
(b) To engage the enemy in combat if he
comes to the colony's aid.
(c) Cut-off the road leading to the Colony,
if the conditions require it, and that before
the passage of the enemy.
(d) Every force will move from the disper-
sal point to its position as seen on draught
"A" which is attached.
(4) Reorganization:
(a) The right position: When the task is
accomplished and when it receives the code
word for the order to retire, will move by the
route west of Sheih Abd El Aziz up to Belt
Sorik Village and will then proceed to the
assembly area, embarkation point with the
rest of the battalion.
(b) The Left position: When the task is
accomplished and when it receives the code
word for the order to retire, will move by the
route leading in the direction of Sheih Abd
El Aziz from the East up to Hirbet Loza,
Belt Sorik, assembly area and embarkation
point.
E. Mortar Platoon:
(1) Will take up position at 16471356
North-West of Sheih Abd El Aziz.
(2) The task: According to annexed plan
of fire (A).
(3) Reorganization: When the task is ac-
complished will retire from its position by
way of Sheih Abd El Aziz Village to Belt
Sorik-assembly area-and will move with
the Battalion to the embarkation point.
F. Pioneer platoon: Will detach a rein-
forced section to the Blocking-off forces.
(1) The task: Will lay anti-vehicle and
anti-personnel mines on the road leading to
Motza Colony when ordered by the C.O.
Blocking-off force. .
(2) Reorganization: The section will retire
with the Blocking-off force to the assembly
area and to the embarkation point.
G. Artillery:
(1) Task: According to annexed plan of
fire (A).
(2) A.A.O.s will be attached to the firm
base and to the Blocking-off force.
H. Engineer platoon:
(1) Task:
(a) Breaching the wire fences on an aver-
age of one breach per platoon.
(b) Will completely destroy the colony
with explosives, after the breaching through
force finishes mopping-up the Houses.
(c) The platoon will attach elements to
the Blocking-off force.
(2) Reorganization: The platoon will re-
tire with the breaching -force to the em-
barkation area and from there will travel
in vehicles with the Battalion to Bitunya,
I. Co-ordination:
(1) "H" hour will be decided upon in due
time by the Battalion Commander
(2) Disembarkation and embarkation
points.
(3) Deployment area.
(4) Dispersal point.
(5) Route of advance.
(6) Dispersal of forces, breaching, firm
base, cutting-off.
(7) Starting line.
(8) The target.
(9) Embarkation area.
(10) Rate of advance 100 yards every three
minutes.
(See draught "A")
4. ADMINISTRATION
(A) Transport: Combat echelon vehicles
will remain in assembly area North of BEIT
SORIK (164137).
(B) Food: Supper will be served in the
assembly area, and no rations will be carried.
(C) Ammunition: Ammunition and explo-
sives as will be decided for this Operation.
(D) Medical: The casualties will be evacu-
ated to the Battalion Advanced Dressing sta-
tion by stretcher Bearers which are in the
village (BEIT SORIK).
(E) Clothing: Full battle dress. Light clo-
thing is recommended.
5. COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL
(A) Brigade H.Q.: At its present place.
(B) Battalion H.Q.: In all the phases of
operation behind the Assault force.
(C) Communications:
(1) No change in wireless or telephone
nets.
(2) Wireless silence will be observed up to
discovery of the attack, when the artillery
and mortar shelling will begin.
(D) Codes: Word, Meaning, and Ordered
by.
"Hadhad," Reserve Battalion starts Opera-
tion, Brigadier.
"MA'AN", Destruction of target, Battalion
C.O.
"SALMAN", Leaving Assembly area, Bat-
talion C.O. -
"MOHAMED", Leaving Embarkation area,
Battalion C.O.
"AR$ED", Battalion back to reserve posi-
tions, Battalion C.O.
Zaim-Brigadier Imam All Ben Abi Taleb
Brig. (Ahmed Shehada El Huarta).
Information:
Distribution List: Annexed.
"A" Annex-Plan of fire.
Annexes:
"A' " draught: disembarking area, assem-
bly, division of forces, dispersal point, start-
ing line, target.
PENSION PROTECTION PLAN
IS NEEDED
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, on April
26 I introduced a slightly revised version
of the Pension Protection Act, on which 1
day of hearings was held last year. The
bill, S. 1635 (S. 1575 in the 89th Con-
gress), is designed to deal with the prob-
lems which arise when private pension
plans are discontinued due to discontin-
uance of the business through failure,
merger, or similar causes. The result of
such loss of expected retirement income,
through no fault of their own, has often
left workers with 20, 30, or more years of
employment without the resources on
which they had counted.
I have previously documented the need,
and I shall from time to time bring be-
fore the Senate other instances to illus-
trate the necessity for action on this bill.
The following cases illustrate the circum-
stances in which the need is clearly de-
monstrable.
In 1961, the E. W. Bliss Co., of Cleve-
land, Ohio, ceased operations. Employed
at that time by the company were 32
workers. The company was organized
under the United Automobile Workers,
and there was a pension plan in effect.
Yet, of the 32 workers, only two collected
any pension at all, and they were already
retired. Typical of those who received no
future benefits, but who were fortunately
young enough to find new jobs, were
George Kuzel and Tony Tomatz, with 16
and 12 years of service respectively. In
their new employment there is no private
pension fund available.
This is one instance. There are many
more, some of which I have received spe-
cific information as to their cases. I shall
call them to attention in the future, and
continue to hope that we may have more
hearings and serious consideration for
8.1635.
CONCLUSION OF MORNING
BUSINESS
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
further morning business? If not, morn-
ing business is concluded.
TRUTH-IN-LENDING ACT
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, I ask unanimous consent that
the Senate proceed to the consideration
of Calendar Order No. 378, S. 5, the un-
finished business.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be stated by title.
The ASSISTANT LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A
bill (S. 5) to assist in the promotion of
economic stabilization by requiring the
disclosure of finance charges in connec-
tion with extension of credit.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the present consideration of
the bill?
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to consider the bill.
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi-
dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk
will call the roll.
The assistant legislative clerk pro-
ceeded to call the roll.
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for the
quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
The bill is open to amendment.
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, after 7
years of consideration, the Committee
on Banking and Currency has recom-
mended a truth-in-lending bill to the
Senate. If any one person is responsible
for the idea of truth in lending, it is our
great former colleague, Senator Paul H.
Douglas of Illinois. Paul Douglas in-
troduced this issue in 1960 and kept it
alive for 6 long years while support for
the measure gradually developed.
I believe the committee has recom-
mended a bill which retains the essen-
tial objectives for which Senator Doug-
las fought so long and hard. It requires
creditors to disclose to consumers the
full cost of credit. This would be ex-
pressed in terms of dollars and cents
and, for most forms of credit, as an
annual percentage rate.
The committee has also recommended
a number of changes in the original bill,
which I introduced last January 11,
which I believe will go a long way to-
ward making it more workable to the
credit industry. In developing these
changes, I believe the ranking Repub-
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SS 9384 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --SENATE July; 11, 1967
lican member of the committee, Sena- cents. For example, it would require a loaned throughout the period. This has
tor BENNETT, deserves a considerable creditor to indicate that a loan of $300 the effect of understanding) the true an-
amount of credit. It is true that from payable in 18 monthly installments of nual rate by approximatel r 50 percent.
the outset, all members of the committee $22 each month Involves a credit charge For example, if a consumer borrows $100
agreed upon the Central objective of of $96. and repays it in 12 equal monthly install-.
truth in lending. No one seriously con- Second, the bill would require that in ments, and if the finance charge is $6,
tested the fact that !the consumer is en- most forms of credit the creditor would some creditors will represent this to be
titled to as much information as pos- disclose the annual percentage rate. This 6 percent. However, the true annual rate
sible regardin
c
n
u
me
dit
g
o
s
u
r cre
. No one is the universal common denominator by is nearly 12 percent since the consumer
has argued that the: facts should not be which the cost of money is measured. It has gradually been repaying the full debt
disclosed to the consumer. permits a consumer to readily compare and has not had the full u of the $100
The chief arguments within the com- the cost of credit among different :lenders for a full year. In fact, on the average
mittee dealt not with the objective of regardless of the length of the contract he has had only $50 or close to it.
the legislation but with its workability. or the amount of the downpayment. In Other creditors employ a system of ad-
I believe we have recommended a bill effect, the annual percentage rate is a ditional fees and charges designed to in-
today which will prove to be both fair price tag for the use of money. Just as crease the effective rate. Fo r example, it
to the consumer and workable to the the grocer quotes the price of milk by is possible to increase the rate from 12
credit industry. Certainly, the committee the quart or one-half gallon, or the price percent to 18 percent by adding addi-
has learned much from Massachusetts, of meal; by the pound, so the creditor tional charges for credit i vestigation,
where truth in lending has been in ef- would quote the cost of money in. terms loan processing, or other si ilar charges,
feet over the last 6 months. of an annual rate. This is somewhat an alogou to a grocer
In addition, the Department of De- When all creditors quote the cost of advertising the cost of a loaf of bread
fensc, has required for the last year that credit in the terms of an annual rate for 3 cents while in the fin print indi-
creditors make full disclosure when ex- which is computed in the same fashion cating the wrapper will cost 2 cents, dis-
tending credit to servicemen. the consumer can quickly determine tribution 5 cents, processing! 7 cents, and
The credit industry was also helpful -which form of credit is the best buy. handling charges 4 cents.
in suggesting technical changes which In computin
the
l
Ot
t
i
g
annua
ra
e, cred
-
her creditors will merel disclose the
will improve the workability of the bill tors would be required to include all costs amount of the weekly or onthly pay-
from the standpoint of the average cred- incident to the credit transaction regard- ments without indicating he total fi-
itor
. -less of whether it was termed to be in- nance charge or any rate w atsoever.
Finally, the leadership of the Senator terest, loan fees, credit investigations, A creditor might indicate, for example,
from Alabama [Mr. SPARKMAN] was or the like. This will end a present con- $2 down and $2 a week fora i-fiset.Un-
most influential in developing a bill fusing practice of quoting deceivingly low less the consumer gets out pencil and
which every member of the committee rates while actually charging much paper and figures it out fo himself, he
could support. There, is no Senator who higher rates by tacking on additional has absolutely no idea of th cost of the
is more expert in this entire area than fees. credit either in dollars or ads an annual
the distinguished Senator from Alabama, Under the legislation recommended by rate.
who is not only extraordinarily compe- the committee, all lenders would com- As a result of these confusing prac-
tent :in the field of banking and curren- pute their credit charges and rates in the tices, some segments of the credit indus=
cy, credit, and who is recognized as the same way. In this way the consumer try have been able to charg truly exor-
congressional expert on, housing, but a would be receiving comparable informa- bitant rates with relative ' punity. Re-
man also who has a wonderful knack for tion on which he can make wise and cent cases from the files of the Cook
persuading people to iron out their dif- proper decisions. It will be a significant County Bankruptcy Court dicated, for
ferences and work out constructive com- measure for increasing the effectiveness example, that finance cha ges ran as
promises and effective legislation. of the consumer's credit dollar. high as 283.9 percent for u d cars, 235
:1 believe this bill will represent a sig- NEED FOR LEGISLATION percent for TV and hi-fi se s, 199.6 for
nificant advance for the American con- Mr. President, over 6,000 pages of testi- clothing, and 105.2 .percen for furni-
susmer. It will provide; the average person mony have been taken before the Bank- ture. Numerous cases filed w th the com-
with the information he needs to use ing and Currency Committee over the mittee indicate that this is by no means
credit and to'shop Wisely for credit. It period of time that this bill has been in a unique or rare occurrences
will end the present system of confusing committee, which Is more than 7 years, I recall a hearing we had' a couple of
credit; practices and credit terminology and they have amply demonstrated the years ago in New York wherte case after
which requires a trained mathematician need for this Important legislation. To- case was documented by witnesses who
to understand. It will disclose the cost day the average consumer isfaced with came in and testified. We c mputed the
a d the rates
of credit in clear and simple terms to a-bewildering variety of credit rates and amount they were paying
the average consumer so that he can terms. Even the Chairman of the Fed- in virtually all cases es exc exceedd 100 uer-
understand fully the extent of the credit eral Reserve Board, William McChesney cent and often exceeded 200, percent.
Frequently, these high rat's are levied
and how it compares to rates being Martin--and I think all of
l
us wou
d
charged by other lenders. I believe this recognize that he is the national expert upon the low-income groups who can
bill will save the American consumer on credi~-admitted he had trouble un- least afford to pay the exorbitant sums.
millions of dollars a year in credit derstanding rates charged on consumer not I hasten p
ecter of add that these hi h or u-
charges and will prevent millions of fam- credit. If the top financial expert in the cation. a resollege graduates, inc age st-
ilies from being saddled down with ex- country has difficulty, it is no wonder dens, professors, and others are legs as fre-
cessive debt. dents, ore-
the average consumer is completely at a
WHAT THE SILL DOES loss when confronted with a typical quently the victims of this kind of over-
Mr. President, this is a most simple credit transaction. charge and these very higrates as
piece of legislation. It, is a disclosure bill What is so confusing about consumer people who are in the law-income brack- ets and not a regulation bill. It does not credit? In large measure It Is the variety higher education in can a afford be afford it b aple with
had
regulate the credit industry. It does not and inconsistency in t4 e way the cost of those higher eoe wh can exploited
prescribe detailed credit practices. It credit is revealed. People who are eragiaal y does not dictate the terms of credit con- in the very low income area.
~ For example, some creditors quote only But it is not the low-income groups
tract. It does not set; ceilings on credit. a month..y rate, tending to minimize the who are victimized by the hf den cost of
It merely requires the full facts to be ?,ost of credit. How many customers credit. The well educated and wealthy
disclosed to the consumer. fealize, for example, that a small loan ate are also taken in. For exampi , one of the
The bill would per it the consumer to the rate of 3 percent per month amounts most popular education loan sponsored
be the judge and let the effective forces to an annual rate of 36 percent. by consumer finance companies involve
of informed competitiion work their way Other creditors employ an add-on or rates of interest as high as 4 percent.
out in the marketplace. discount rate which measures the credit This is for higher -educatio . In fact,
The facts to be disclosed are basically jn the original balance rather than the most people seriously undere timate the
twofold. First of all creditors would dis- ieclining balance. Of course, It Is only true cost of their credit. A recent survey
close the cost of credit In dollars and the declining balance that is being asked a sample of 800 famil es to esti-
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 July 11, 1967Approved For& J jff5A25kJftW 9 3000200300017-3
You may fool the whole world down the
pathway of years
And get pats on the back as you pass,
But your final reward will be heartaches
and tears
If you've cheated the man in the glass."
Post Imperial Potentate Sir George E.
Stringfellow: Illustrious Sir, members of our
Divan, Past Potentates, Noble Albert W.
Hawkes, distinguished guests and members
of the Albert W. Hawkes Class:
I am most happy to take part in this
Ceremonial honoring Senator Albert W.
Hawkes, one of the nation's truly good citi-
zens. It was my pleasure to have proposed
our honored guest for membership in Free-
masonry and the Shrine.
Crescent Temple has among its members
some of the most outstanding and patriotic
citizens of North America, none, however,
more illustrious than Senator Hawkes.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, one of the wisest of
Americans, must have had such a person in
mind as Senator Hawkes when he said, "I
consider him a great man who inhabits a
higher sphere of thought into which other
men rise with difficulty and labor." I know
of no one who inhabits a higher sphere of
thought and who has'done more to lift the
moral and ethical standards of his fellow
man than Noble Hawkes.
In every movement there is someone who
represents the conscience of that movement.
I can think of no one who more nearly repre-
sents the conscience of Freemasonry and the
philosophy of the Shrine than Noble Hawkes.
He has been my faithful friend for many
years and, as Napoleon said "A faithful
friend is the true image of diety." By his
conduct and example Noble Hawkes has, for
decades, been the image of things that help
to make this a better world.
CRISIS
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, among the
momentous problems facing us today is
the just solution of the crisis in the
Middle East. If we are to end the threat
to world peace that has existed in that
part of the world for the last 20 years,
we need calm, wise, and objective judg-
ment. In my opinion, the recent page 1
editorial appearing in the AFL-CIO
News, and written by George Meany,
president of the AFL-CIO and twice a
member of the U.S. delegation to the
United Nations, deserves the careful
consideration of us all. I ask unanimous
consent that it be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
WHO IS THE AGGRESSOR?
For the last two months, irresponsible
denunciations have marred the UN sessions
on the crisis in the Middle East. Our country
and to an even greater extent, Israel, have
been the targets of bitter abuse and slanders
by Soviet spokesmen and their Nasserite
proxies. In such an atmosphere, the UN can-
not serve as an instrument for fostering
honorable and harmonious relations among
its member states.
In these UN sessions, the technique of the
Big Lie, fanatically applied by Hitler and
Goebbels against the Jewish people more
than thirty years ago, has been perfected by
Federenko and Kosygin. Though the outrage-
ous charges of Nazism against Israel and the
nations friendly to it are reprehensible
frauds, they are not surprising.
It is, however, shocking and distressing
that the spokesmen of the democracies sat
idly by in stony silence in the face of these
diatribes. That such tolerance only encour-
ages Communist arrogance and aggressive-
ness was subsequently demonstrated in the
tone and substance of Kosygin's remarks at
the press conference before his departure for
Moscow.
It is an old trick of the Communists to
charge others with the crimes of which they
themselves are guilty. We need but recall
that the Soviet government hailed the Nazis
as "blood brothers." In partnership with
Hitler, the USSR butchered Poland and
snuffed out the independence of the Baltic
republics. The Kremlin congratulated Hitler
on his capture of Paris, while denouncing
the Allies for resisting Nazi aggression. Nor
has the world forgotten that Communist Rus-
sia waged two cruel wars against the small
heroic republic of Finland, while denouncing
it as an aggressor against the Soviet Union.
And the world can never forgive the So-
viet government for crushing by force of
arms Hungarian democracy. For years, this
same Soviet government-whose representa-
tives now so hypocritically insist on instan-
taneous compliance with UN decisions-has
flagrantly violated 13 UN resolutions for the
withdrawal of Soviet troops and the restora-
tion of Hungarian independence. Eighty-five
thousand Soviet troops still occupy Hungary.
In fact, the circulation of the UN reports and
resolutions condemning the massive armed
Soviet intervention in the 1956 Hungarian
Revolution is still prohibited in all Commu-
nist countries on the pain of severe prison
penalties.
The Kremlin and its Middle East clients
have launched their assaults on truth and
decency as a poisonous smokescreen for hid-
ing the humiliating political and military
defeat they have suffered at the hands of
the overwhelmingly outnumbered Israeli
forces, who were fighting for the very life of
their country.
The Soviet government is primarily re-
sponsible for the dangerous crisis in the Mid-
dle East. It equipped Nasser and goaded him
on to rally the reactionary Arab rulers for
the destruction of Israel. Since. the UN
cease-fire, the USSR has resumed sowing the
seeds of future war by stepping up its ship-
ment of weapons for aggression to the dis-
credited Nasser regime and its Syrian accom-
plice. The Soviet dictatorship should be
sternly condemned and unequivocally re-
pudiated for this war-breeding policy. In this
situation, Israel deserves the commendation
and support of all people devoted to peace
and freedom.
SUPPORT PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S MIDDLE EAST
PROGRAM
We appeal to our government to mobilize
all its influence and resources for UN sup-
port of Pres. Johnson's five point program.
It provides a just and sound basis for a
peace settlement and joint efforts by all the
nations in the Middle East for the social and
economic reconstruction they so urgently
need. We urge our free trade union col-
leagues overseas to lose no time in having
their governments give prompt and ener-
getic support to this program.
We urge all AFL-CIO organizations and
ICFTU affiliates to provide generous assist-
ance to the Histadrut in its efforts to meet
the vital tasks of social and economic re-
construction in peace and freedom. In view
of its practical experience, Histadrut can
make valuable contributions towards help-
ing Arab and Israeli workers alike enhance
their well-being, human dignity and self-
respect.
We appeal to the workers of the Arab
lands to help their countries strike out in a
new direction and cooperate with the people
of Israel in building a peaceful, free and
prosperous Middle East.
CITIZENS COMMITTEE FOR PUBLIC
TELEVISION
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, as the
House Committee on Interstate and For-
S 9365
eign Commerce begins hearings on the
Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, it is
encouraging to me to learn of the or-
ganization and growth of the National
Citizens' Committee for Public Televi-
sion.
The New York Times this morning
reports that the committee, formed lit-
tle more than a month ago, has ap-
pointed an executive director, Ben Kuba-
sik, associate director of the Public
Broadcasting Laboratory of National Ed-
ucational Television.
The appointment of Mr. Kubasik is
indication that this committee, composed
of such distinguished men and women in
American arts, letters, and business-
many of them residents of New York-is
now ready to begin in earnest its work
of establishing long-range public interest
in public television.
The list of the founders and initial
members of this important group, Mr.
President, is another indication of awak-
ening national interest in the prospects
and possibilities of noncommercial
broadcasting. Its chairman is the dis-
tinguished New Yorker, Thomas P. F.
Hoving, director of the New York Metro-
politan Museum of Art and formerly
Commissioner of New York City Parks
Department. As Parks Commissioner,
Tom Hoving captured the spirit of New
York and the imagination of its people.
I know that his activities on behalf of
public broadcasting will be equally ef-
fective.
In addition to Mr. Hoving, founders of
the committee are: Ralph Ellison,
author; Devereux Josephs, former chair-
man of New York Life Insurance Co. and
currently chairman of the board of
WNDT, the New York educational tele-
vision station; Ralph Lowell, chairman
of the Boston Safe Deposit and Trust
Co., and president of the Boston Educa-
tion TV station, WGBH; and Newton
Minow, former chairman of the Federal
Communications Commission and now a
director of WTTW, the educational TV
station in Chicago.
It has a stellar roster of members high-
ly distinguished in every field of our Aa-
tional life.
The committee has been pledged fi-
nancial support from the Danforth
Foundation, W. K. Kellogg Foundation,
Twentieth Century Fund, Inc., Alfred
P. Sloan Foundation, the Ford Founda-
tion, and the Carnegie Corp. of New York.
When Tom Hoving took over as chair-
man of the committee, he said:
There is some real hope now that Public
Television will not only get out of the poor
house, but will be a magnet for high-voltage
talent. I look forward to the day when people
will cancel engagements because they have
spotted a television show on that evening's
program that they can't afford to miss.
The formation of this committee, Mr.
President, gives hope to all of us here
who supported S. 1160 that the promise
of noncommercial broadcasting will be
fulfilled through the work of the Public
Broadcasting Corporation proposed by
the bill and the active support and work
of distinguished Americans such as the
members of this committee.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed in the RECORD the
names of the members of this committee,
and an article concerning the committee
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published in today's New York Times.
There being no objection, the list and
article! were ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
The following individuals have thus far
joined the new National Committee:
Thomas P. F. Roving, Chairman.
David Amram, Composer in Residence,
Philharmonic Hall, New York City.
Robert O. Anderson, industrialist and
rancher, Roswell, New Mexico.
Seth G. Atwood, President, Atwood Vacuum
Machine Co., Rockford, Illinois; Past Presi-
dent, Young Presidents Organization.
Leonard. Bernstein, conductor, composer,
New York City.
Kingman Brewster, Jr., President, Yale
University, New Haven.
Paddy Chayefsky, author, New York City.
Sister Mary Corita, Professor of Art, Im-
maculaste Heart College, Los Angeles.
Nina Cullinan, Houston.
Mrs. Moise Dennery, President, Greater
New Orleans Television Foundation (WYES-
TV).
Carl J. Dolce, Superintendent of Schools,
New Orleans.
Lee A. DuBridge, President, California In-
stitute of Technology; Chairman, Commu-
nity Television of Southern California
(KCET).
Ralph Ellison, author, New York City.
Mortimer Fleishhacker, Jr., Chairman,
Precision Instrument Co.;. President, Bay
Area Educational Television Association
(KQED), San Francisco.
R. Buckminster Fuller, engineer, Carbon-
dale, Illinois.
Gen. James M. Gavin, Chairman, Arthur D.
Little, Inc., Cambridge.
Michael Harrington, author, New York
City.
Leland Hazard, Professor of Industrial Ad-
ministration and Law, Carnegie Institute of
Technology; Honorary Chairman, WQED,
Pittsburgh.
E. William Henry, attorney, Washington,
D.C.; former chairman, Federal Communica-
tions Commission.
Jerome H. Holland, President, Hampton In-
stitute, Hampton, Virginia. '
Devereux C. Josephs, Mairman of the
Board, WNDT, New York City.
Milton Katims, conductor, Seattle Sym-
phony.
Arthur B. Krim, President, United Artists
Corp., New York City.
Ralph Lowell, Chairman, Boston Safe De-
posit a:nd Trust Company; I'resident, WGBH
Educational Foundation.
Myrna Loy, actress, New York City.
Arthur Miller, author, Roxbury, Conn.
Newton N. Minow, attorney, Chicago; for=
mer chairman, F.C.C.
Mrs. Jennelle Moorhead; President, Na-
tional P.T.A, Assoc.; Professor of Health Edu-
cation, University of Oregon, Eugene.
Hugo Neuhouse, architect, Houston.
Prof. Antonia Pantoja, ]:'resident of the
Board, Puerto Rican Forum;, New York City.
I. M. Pe, architect, New Fork City.
Gerard Piel, editor, Scientific American,
New York City.
Norman Podhoretz, editor, Commentary,
New York City.
Harold Prince, Broadway producer-director,
New York City.
Edward M. Purcell, physicist, Harvard Uni-
versity, Cambridge.
Robert Rauschenberg, artist, New York
City.
Edward :L. Ryerson, President, Chicago Edu-
cational Television Association (WTTW).
Carl E. Sanders, former Governor of Geor-
gia, Atlanta.
Susan Schmidt, editor, Colorado Daily,
University of Colorado, Boulder.
Budcl Schulberg, author, Los Angeles.
Maria Tallchief, ballerina, Chicago.
Alan Temko, Institute of Urban Affairs,
University of California, Berkeley.
Leslie Uggans, actress, New York City.
Ed Wallach., actor, New York City.
J'ene Wayne, Director, Tamarind Lithcg-
rap. iy Workst-op. Los Angeles.
Leonard Woodcock, Vice President, United
Ant $ Workers, Detroit.
VIitney Young, Jr., Executive Director,
National Urban League, New York City.
BED` KUBASIP: JOINS UNIT FOR PUBLIC TV
Ben Kubasik, associated director of the
Pul,lic Broadcast Laboratory of National Ed-
ucational Television, was appointed yesteer-
day as executive director of the National
Citi tens Committee for Public Television. Mr.
Kullasik, 38 years old, will assume his new
duties on July 31 at an annual salary of ap-
pro. Smately $40,000.
The National Citizens Committee for Pub-
lic Television expects to have as members
mote than 100 leaders in the arts, educa-
tion and business. Thomas P. F. Hoving, di-
rector of the Metropolitan Museum of Art,
is chairman of the group, which currently
nuribers more than 60.
IV.. r. Roving said yesterday that with Mr.
Kulfasik's appointment "the committee can
nov? begin to move. We have a helmsman now
and `he certa`nly knows how to steer. He is
the best in the business"
B"hen the committee was formed in May,
Mr. Moving sssid its main goal was to involve
outstanding figures in the nation's cultural
life in the promotion of a diversified pro-
grain service outside commercial broadcs,st
sch, edules.
The committee has offices at 609 Fifth Ave-
nue.
FI DERAL SPENDING AND THE P
PUBLIC DEBT
Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, our citizens
are always concerned about Fedeial
spe.,iding and the public debt. But these
ma Viers are of unusual concern at this
time because of the military operations
in Vietnam which are costing some $20
bill on a year.
I have prepared a summary of current
spending figures and debt totals which. I
believe will be of interest to my col-
leal 'ues.
WHIBE DOES YOUR FEDERAL TAX MONEY GD?
F ideral expenditures are dominated by
item; connected with present world crises
and past wars, including national defense,
vets rans benefits, and interest on the debt.
These three items alone account for almost
four-fifths o:' total Federal spending-The
Prolems and. Promise of American Demcc-
racl p. 202.
I:1 round figures, here are the 12 cate-
gor.es of the administrative budget-
which does not include Social Security:
National Defense, $75t/ billion, 56.4 per-
cen,
International affairs and finance, $43/4 bil-
lion, 3.5 percent.
S:)ace research and technology, $51/3 bil-
lion, 4.0 percent.
Agriculture and agricultural research, $3
billion, 2.3 percent.
Natural resources, $3t/a billion, 2.6 percent.
Csmmerce and transportation, $3 billicn,
2.3 ' )ercent.
Housing and community development, $1
billion, .07 percent.
Health, labor, and welfare, $111/3 billicn,
8.0 Percent.
E lucation, 42% billion, 2.0 percent.
Vterans benefits and services, $6 billion,
4.5 percent.
General government, $2% billion, 2.0 per-
can,;.'
Interest, $14 billion, 10.5 percent,
(ldstimates for fiscal year 1968.)
In June, Budget Director Charles L..
Schultze pointed out that Fed ral ex-
penditures are going dowel in re)ation to
the national income. Concerning[, admin-
istrative budget expenditt.lres- hich do
not include social security paymnts-he
said:
Excluding the costs of Vietnam Federal
expenditures in the administrative budget
were 16 percent of gross national product
(GNP) in 1964-they will be 14 percent in
fiscal 1967 and 1968. Taking all fou44 years of
the Johnson Administration together, Fed-
eral non-Vietnam expenditures averaged 14.2
percent of the gross national product, com-
pared to 16.3 percent for the last sly years of
President Eisenhower's Adnlinistra ion, the
period after the end of the Korea War.
Even including the cost of V etnam-
which are running in excess; of $20 billion-
the ratio of Federal expenditures to GNP,
in both fiscal 1967 and 1968, will be! 16.8 per-
cent, less than in 1955 and 1959 kyears in
which there were no war expenditurres), and
far below the 21 percent retk,ched dixring the
Korean War.
If social security is added in, expend-
itures look like this-Schultze quote
continued :
If we use the more comprehensive! national
income accounts budget (NIA), 4on-Viet-
nam expenditures fall from 19.1 percent of
GNP in..1964 to 17.6 percent in 1967. The ra-
tio will increase to about 18 percent in 1968.
The NIA budget (as a percentage of GNP)
declines less. than the administrative budget
primarily because of the rapidly rising ex-
penditures of the self-financed trust funds.
(Social Security and Interstate highway.)
But these funds are running a substantial
surplus--revenues have risen faster than ex-
penditures.
On any measure, non-Vietnam expendi-
tures have risen less rapidly than) the na-
tional economy. They account for a smaller-
not a larger-share of our national income.
THE FEDERAL DEBT HAS GONE UP Mt*JH MORE
SLOWLY THAN PERSONAL, CORPO4t.ATE, OR
STATE AND LOCAL DEBT
Since 1947, the Federal debt has
grown less than 30 percent, whil. private
debt has risen about 550 percent ,and the
debt of State and local gov4rnment
about 700 percent:
[Dollar amounts in ill ions
1950._._-.____
1966_____.___.
Increase (per-
cent).....-.
$256.7
$329.8
$83.9
$459.6
Corpora-1
tions
$167;
$533:
219!
$20.7
$101.1
The facts clearly indicate teat the
greatest portion of our Federal tax mon-
eys and our Federal debt are spent on the
security of the Nation. The bjll must
be paid for war and defense. No one
would deny a soldier the money n eded to
fight a war; but many balk at pa'ing for
the freedom, which that soldier! gained,
when taxes are still. being collected 5, 10
or 20 years later.
The responsibility of the Federal Gov-
ernment is to protect the Nation's secu-
rity and to render those service' which
our citizens cannot provide as ndivid-
uals. Wherever there is unneces ary ex-
penditure or any degree of extraijagance,
it should be ruthlessly cut out. But, by
far the greatest proportion of Federal ex-
penditures come in the military ald fixed
cost areas. Proportionate to our national
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July
occurred in the past few months and in
which your Committee has expressed a par-
ticular interest.
In addition, this letter will serve to re-
view again with you, for your benefit and
for the benefit of your Committee, the pro-
cedures the Board follows in connection with
the investigation and reporting of results in
aviation accidents of this type.
1. Air collision at Urbana, Ohio, involving
TWA DC-9 and a Beechcraft Baron B-55,
privately owned, March 9, 1967. Since our
last progress report to you in connection
with this case, the detailed field investiga-
tion has been completed; an extensive pub-
lic hearing was held in Dayton, Ohio, on
June 6-8, 1967; and we are presently receiv-
ing comments and suggestions from inter-
ested parties who have, under our rules,
thirty days from the date of the hearing in
which to submit them.
2. Delta Airlines training flight crash at
New Orleans, Louisiana, March 30, 1967. The
field investigation has been completed and
a public hearing has been scheduled to begin
in New Orleans on July 19, 1967. The hear-
ing will be presided over by Member Oscar
Laurel of this Board, and at that time all
of the known or ascertainable facts will
become a matter of public record. It is ex-
pected that the hearing will not last more
than two days.
S. Lake Central Airlines, accident near
Marseilles, Ohio, March 5, 1967. The field In-
vestigation in this case has been completed
and a public hearing is scheduled to be held
in Indianapolis, Indiana, commencing on
August 2, 1967. In this case, too, the hear-
ing is expected to reveal all of the known
and ascertainable facts and to point the way
toward corrective action if such has not al-
ready in factbeen instituted.
I am sure'you are quite familiar with the
investigative process of the Board in aircraft
accidents of the sort we have been discussing,
but it might be well to restate it for the
record.
The investigation of civil aircraft accidents
is now the responsibility of the National
Transportation Safety Board. This responsi-
bility, with a staff of experienced air safety
investigators, was recently transferred to us
from the Civil Aeronautics Board under the
provisions of the Department of Transpor-
tation Act, but the function had been exer-
cised by the CAB from 1940 until the recent
transfer to us.
The practice has always been to organize
a team of experts in the various technical
areas that might be involved in any such
accident, under the leadership of trained in-
vestigators representing the National Trans-
portation Safety Board. After as exhaustive
a field investigation as the situation requires
and permits, the Board schedules and holds
a public hearing at or near the site of the
accident. At this'stage of the process, all in-
terested parties, such as the airline con-
cerned; the Federal Aviation Administration;
air line employees associations; air-frame
manufacturers; engine manfacturers; and
any other possible interested, parties, are ac-
tive participants in adding to and thus de-
veloping a complete record of all the known
or ascertainable facts.
Subsequent to such public hearing, the
Board analyzes the record and other informa-
),pn known to it and issues a formal report
a the probable cause of the accident.
course, as you know, the entire chain
of rocess is conducted entirely in the open,
and,as rapidly as facts are identified as un-
contipvertible and relevant, beginning at the
accident site, they are immediately made
known, to the interested parties to the in-
vestiga$ion and are at the same time released
to the news media and the public. In fact, a
major part of the constructive results which
flow iron} accident investigations are the im-
mediate putting to use for corrective pur-
poses of all the information developed dur-
ing the preliminary stages of the investiga-
tion or in the public hearing.
The Board appreciates and understands the
continuing interest you and your Committee
have with respect to the performance of the
accident investigative functions by our Board.
Please feel free to call on us at any time for
information or report either as to our process
generally, or as to the handling of any par-
ticular case.
Sincerely,
JOSEPH J. O'CONNELL, Jr.,
Chairman.
CONGRESSMAN HORTON INTRO-
DUCES ANTISMUT BILL
(Mr. HORTON asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include extra-
neous matter.)
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I am to-
day introducing a bill which will permit
a person to effectively remove himself
from the mailing list of any publisher
engaged in the dissemination of morally
objectionable material. Existing laws,
which are directed primarily at sup-
pressing patently obsence materials, have
proven woefully inadequate to protect
the public from peddlers of filth.
In recent months I have received nu-
merous complaints from parents in my
district who are appalled by the degener-
ate publications which they and their
children have received, unsolicited. It is
imperative this body act promptly to
protect people not only from that very
limited range of materials which falls
within the legal definition of obscenity
but also from the myriad publications
which are not within that definition but
are, nonetheless, repulsive to the vast
majority of Americans.
Because the purveyors of smut almost
universally develop their mailing lists by
purchasing subscription lists from repu-
table publications, any man or boy who
subscribes to even such a wholesome
publication as a sports magazine is likely
to receive printed garbage at some future
time. It is this unwarranted invasion of
the individual's privacy which my bill
seeks to prevent.
The Horton bill provides that any per-
son who receives unsolicited mail which
he deems to be obscene, lewd, or indecent
may return it to the Postmaster General
and request that the sender be notified
to cease sending such mail to the com-
plainant. The bill specifically provides
that any parent may take such action to
protect the privacy of his children as
well as his own privacy.
Upon receiving a complaint, the Post-
master General is required to notify the
sender to halt all such mailings to the
complainant. If the publisher continues
to send smut to the complaining individ-
ual, the Postmaster General is directed
to schedule a hearing to determine
whether or not the act has been vio-
lated. If the act has been violated, the
Postmaster General may direct the At-
torney General to apply to a U.S. district
court for an order demanding compli-
ance with the act. The bill provides that
if the sender does not comply with this
court order he is subject to the penalties
for contempt of court.
This measure, which respects all of
the recently announced constitutional
11, 1967
limitations on the police power of the
Government, will provide every Ameri-
can with a simple and totally effective
method of preventing both his own
privacy and that of his children from
being disturbed by unsolicited and
highly offensive pornography.
I know many of my colleagues share
my contempt for purveyors of smut and
I look forward to your strong support of
this lnucla-needed legislation.
THE RESOLUTION OF THE MIDDLE
EAST CONFLICT
(Mr. HORTON asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, I am
today introducing two much-needed
measures to aid in settling the present
conflict in the Middle East. The first of
these measures is a sense-of-the-House
resolution expressing what I believe are
the guidelines within which a settlement
must be achieved if it is to be enduring.
The resolution provides that the sover-
eignty of Israel must be recognized, that
the Suez Canal must remain an inter-
national waterway open to all nations,
that all nations must recognize as final
the boundaries that will emerge from the
anticipated negotiations, that the ship-
ment of arms to all countries of the
Middle East be halted and that all Middle
Eastern countries immediately devote
their full attention to the longstanding
problems of the Palestine refugees.
The second measure I am introducing
should provide the necessary stimulus to
cause the countries of the Middle East to
relocate these refugees. It is clear that
if we are to forge a lasting peace in this
historically contentious area these refu-
gees, who have- long been one of the
prime sources of friction between the
Arab and Israel peoples, must be removed
from the refugee camps along the 1949
frontier between Israel and the Arab
nations and that adequate provision
must be made for their permanent settle-
ment elsewhere. Because the recent con-
flict has dramatically increased the num-
ber of refugees on both sides of the
borders, it is now even more important
that the refugee population be relocated.
Those of us who have been intimately
familiar with the situation in the Middle
East have long recognized the continu-
ing threat to peace which these refugee
camps pose. Fortunately, many carefully
considered and thoroughly documented
newspaper articles have brought the im-
portance of this problem to the public
attention in recent days.
However, public awareness of the
problem is not enough. Absent positive
action by one or more of the great powers
of the world, these refugee camps and
the concomitant hostility they generate
will persist long after the present crisis
of the Middle East subsides.
My bill directs the Secretary of State
to' reimburse-to' such extent as he
deems appropriate-any Middle Eastern
country for expenses it incurs in relo-
cating Arab refugees from Palestine to
within its own borders. These payments
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July 11, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD,
i~ Washington, D.C., July 10, 1967.
Hon. E ARI.EY 0. STAGGERS,
Chairman, Committee on Interstate and
Foreign Commerce, House of Represent-
atives, Washington, D.G.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: This is in response to
your letter of May 19, 1967, inquiring about
the Board's position regarding the respective
roles which interstate and intrastate carriers
should play in aviation.
The Board's policies towards intrastate
carriers, and actions by State regulatory com-
missions, have evolved in the context of the
limited coverage of the Federal Aviation Act
over the economic aspects: of intrastate ac-
tivities. While that Act extends safety regu-
latory control over any operation "in", or
which "directly affects" interstate commerce,
the economic regulatory provisions do not
explicitly apply to operationns which "affect"
commerce but are not "in commerce (I 101
(4) and (21)).
The scope of this statutory grant of juris-
diction affects the Board's actions with re-
spect to both the intrastate aspects of the
operations of interstate carriers and the op-
erations of intrastate carriers. As to inter-
state carriers, a State Supreme Court has
held that the State commission can regulate
the air carriers' rates for local transportation
between points In the State (as opposed to
rates for interstate passengers moving be-
tween the same points). (people v. Western
Air Lines, 268 P.2d 723, .appeal dismissed, 348
U.S. 859.) Another State Supreme Court has
ruled that its State commission could not
require an Interstate carrier to continue
serving the intrastate portion of a route
over which the Board had authorized the
carrier to discontinue service. (Frontier Air-
lines v. Nebraska Dept. of Aeronautics, 175
Neb. 501, 122 N.W. 2d 476.)
As to the so-called intrastate operators,
where a carrier operates only between points
located within a single State, the Board's
jurisdiction has been judicially upheld if the
carrier pzrticipates substantially in the car-
riage of traffic moving interstate (C.A.B. v.
Friedkin Aeronautics, Inc., 246 F.2d 173;
C.A.B. v. Canadian Colonial Airways,. 41 F.
Supp. 1006), or if the carrier files its air-
craft over a place outside the State. (Island
Airways v. C.A.B., 352 F.2d 735.)
The Board has never asserted authority
over purely intrastate carriers (not carry-
ing interstate traffic), even where the intra-
state carriers compete with federally cer-
tificated ones. Furthermore, the Board does
not intervene before State commissions to
oppose applications by local carriers for in-
trastate authority, although it may on occa-
sion file an amicus statement. The same pol-
icies are generally followed with respect to
State regulatory commission matters involv-
Ing interstate carriers.
The lack of federal control over intrastate
carrier operations by air did not present sub-
stantial economic problems until recent
years. When the Civil Aeronautics Act was
enacted in 1938, and for Many tears there-
after, operations by intrastate carriers were
not extensive; and no State de led inter-
state carriers permission tp opera over in-
trastate segments. Furthermore, are was
little regulatory action by the S tes. By
1961, hoviever, 18 States had begun to Issue
certificates of public convenience an neces-
sity for intrastate common carriage y air.
In California, at least, passenger traffic s al-
ready sufficient to enable intrastate ca iers
nia, the Board sought over a decade ago to
enjoin the intrastate carrier, Pacific South-
west Airlines (PSA), from operating unau-
thorized flights which carried many passen-
gers whose journeys began or ended outside
California. (Fried kin, supra.) Eventually,
PSA agreed to entry of a cease-and-desist
order which barred such carriage. (Western
Air Lines, Inc. v. PSA, CAB Order 1-19655,)
Earlier this year the Board exempted PISA
from Title IN' of the Act to the extent that
those statutory provisions applied to PSA's
othe
>pies encl.
several '
Pacific Ai4 Lines (Pacific), a subsidized car-
rieI. The al:ifornia Commission has also 11-
canoed at least one other carrier for opera-
mi,sion as undertaken to assert exclusive
jursdicti n to authorize new nonstop service
between 4nchorage and Fairbanks, and ini-
cer lificat4l carrier, Northern Consolida,ed
Airlines, f tom offering such service. The State
corimissi n also entertained an applicatl.on
by an ant aatate carrier, Interior Airways, to
offer the ery same service in competition
with the xisting federally certificated car-
rier; Alas Airlines. Although no final dcci-
sio:I has en reached, a State court has en-
joiled then Commision from authorizing In-
teror to oerate; and Northern Consolidated
has begun service.
7'he Fed4rai Government has a large stake
in the sou d development of antra-Alaskan
ser 'fee. Be ore Alaska became a State and
ens:cted it aeronautics statute, the Board
hail exclusf a jurisdiction over all air trans-
portation lthin or to Alaska. From 1938
through mi -1959, the total subsidy bill for
the Alaskar4 air carriers was $77 million, of
which $42 million was for antra-Alaskan
operations. or the two federally authorized
carriers on he Anchorage-Fairbanks route,
the subsidy pill for their total operations in
all areas wa about $16 million during fiscal
19E2-1966 a d I. estimated to be over $2.6
mi: pion for cal 1967. If the Alaska Trans-
PO Cation C mission allows an intrastate
carrier to di rt Anchorage-Fairbanks traffic,
th 'Federal reasury could bear much of the
resulting bur en.
It does no appear that State authoriza-
tio as for ant astate air carriers have had a
substantially adverse effect upon the devel-
opinent of t' federally regulated air trans-
potation sy em. They have given rise to
problems, e.g the impact of PSA's operations
in California upon Pacific, which is federally
subsidized. ut there is little doubt that
PS S's operat ns have had a salutary effect
upm air tra el in California by way of :m-
proved servic , lower fares, and increased 1,o1-
un.e. This y be an appropriate place for
thin Board to apply the policy that it should
no pay sub idy to a carrier to provide air-
line service ome other carrier will provide
wi ,hout su sidy-which is easier said than
!ifmiiarly if the State Commission in
Alaska sh ld insist on actions impairing
th r earns ability of federally subsidized
ca.Tiers, o r Board may be driven to consid-
eri[rg wit rawal of Federal subsidy. I very
match do t, however, if it will come to that.
h sum/nary, itch seems to us that there is a
useful r e which intrastate air carriers can
plz.y; t *t in most cases this will not im-
pirrge duly upon the federally regulated
sys to ;that we should undertake to mini-
mi2e 'conflicts" through informal contacts
wi State officials; that we should not in-
th s purpose of asserting or extending Federal
ju lisdictfon; that we should be alert to pre-
ve:lt intrastate air carrier operations from
impinging unduly upon the federally regu-
lated system by taking such actions as are
op an to the Board under the present law; and
that, if it should prove unhappily that the
10 8473
present law is not'adequate for that purpose,
we should then come to Congress for a legis-
lative remedy.
Sincerely yours,
CHARLES S. MURP Y
Chair,man.
JULY ll, 1967.
Chairman, Civil Aeronautics Board,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Thank you! for your
letter of July 10 replying to my i.jrqulry of
May 19 regarding the Board's position on the
representative roles which interstate and in-
trastate carriers should play In avi tion.
at is a useful role whiph intra-
P' tore th
sta carriers can play, and that there is a
pro em of the extent to which interstate
carri s should be supported byte Board
where intrastate carriers provide improved
and a qua.te service, at lower fars, to the
AIRhIN ACCIDENT INVES''IGA-
TIONS
(Mr. STA ERS asked and was given
permission extend his re arks at
this point in the RECORD and t include
extraneous; tter,)
Mr. STAG ERS. Mr. Speaker, many
Members of the House may be inter-
ested in the rogress of ives igations
into a number f airplane crash s which
have shocked tie public during] the last
3 or 4 months.' For their information I
include a lette from the Chairman of
the National lTransportation! Safety
Board to the ommittee on Interstate
and Foreign C coerce in the1 RECORD.
As may be se 'from the letter-
The investigatl n of civil aircraft acci-
dents is now the responsibility of the Na-
tional Transports ion Safely Board.
Investigations into three aircraft acci-
dents oceurrin in March 1967 are
presently under ay. It is to he noted
that the investi ations follow standard
procedures, in hich well-qua fled ex-
perts are empl ed. The Public is kept
informed throw hout the investigation
by the Safety oa.rd-th.e primarily re-
sponsible body After their investiga-
tions are cornlete, detailed findings
and the proba le causes of the acci-
dents will be r leased.
Our commi ee has been kept in-
formed that study of theccidents
was undel'way. I
If any legisl tio:n is indicate as a re-
sult of any re orts of the Safety Board,
and if such 1 gislation it referred to our
committee, e shall hope to itct on it
with all du speed.
The lett from the Chairman of
the Natio al Transportation Safety
DEPANNT OF TRANSPORTfTIOZ,
AL TRANSPORTATION AFE:'p
BOARD,
Washington, D.C., July 17 J967.
Hon. HARLEY 0. STAGGERS,
Chairman, Committee on lnterstatond For-
eign Commerce, House of resenta-
tives, 'Washington, D.C. - i
DEAR MR. CONGRESSMAN: In tocordance
with your request, the Board is ore than
happy to bring you up to date on he status
of three commercial. airline aciide h is which
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nnection with
California
r involve
s jurls-
Ordars
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Ay 11, 1-967
are to be made directly to the host gov-
ernments subject to such terms and con-
ditions as the Secretary may deem nec-
essary.
It is my fervent hope that if this bill
is enacted Into law, the Soviet Union, in
furtherance of the spirit of cooperation
which was manifest at the Glassboro
summit meeting, will join with the
United States in this worthwhile and
nonpolitical effort to relieve world ten-
sions.
Since 1948 many thousands of Arabs
who were formerly residents of Palestine
have existed in the miserable squalor of
refugee camps. These camps on the Arab-
Israel frontier have not only been a
source of continuing irritation to both
sides, but also senselessly demeaned the
residents of these camps who nearly 20
years ago were victims of the Arab-Israel
war. An entire generation of refugees has
grown to virtual maturity knowing no
other life. United Nations statistics indi-
cate that over one-half of the popula-
tion of these camps is under the age of
18.
If this body enacts into law the pro-
posal I am making today, this Nation
will not only be helping to eliminate one
of the myriad sources of animosity that
produced the recent crisis, but it will also
be helping to terminate the senseless
waste of human resources that necessar-
ily continues as long as these refugee
camps remain.
DAY CARE ACT OF 1967
(Mr. REID of New York (at the re-
quest of Mr. PRICE of Texas) was granted
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. REID of New York. Mr. Speaker,
I am introducing today the Day Care Act
of 1967 which was developed by Senator
JAVITS and has already sponsored by a
number of Members of both the House
and the Senate.
This legislation will provide day care
for children of low-income families in
order to enable their parents or relatives
to choose to undertake vocational train-
ing, basic education, or employment. Far
more than merely providing additional
day-care facilities, this measure is de-
signed to attack the problem of grow-
ing welfare rolls by encouraging parents
to find vocational training or employ-
ment once they are assured that their
children will be well taken care of during
the day.
The increasing number of Americans
receiving public assistance is staggering.
In New York City alone, the monthly
average of recipients rose from 531,000
in 1965 to 621,000 in 1966; nationally,
some 7.5 million people are aided by the
four federally sponsored welfare pro-
grams.
In dollar terms, the total cost has risen
from $4.2 billion in 1962 to $6.1 billion
in 1966 and' these figures provide assist-
ance to only one-half of those Americans
whose income level is below the na-
tional poverty standard.
However, a considerable proportion of
the 900,000 mothers receiving assistance
under the aid-to-dependent-children
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE H 8475
program are anxious to undertake train-
ing and employment if they can place
their children in adequate day-care fa-
cilities. These mothers want their chil-
dren to grow up with parents who are
working, participating members of the
community, and who are not dependent
on the monthly relief check.
There is .a second important way in
which this day-care program would re-
duce the cycle of dependency. The large
number of personnel needed to staff and
maintain the day-care centers can, to a
great extent, be drawn from among the
mothers who children make use of
these facilities. Several existing man-
power training programs can assist in
training these women for such subpro-
fessional positions. The Headstart pro-
gram has already indicated that parents
and neighborhood residents actively par-
ticipating in their children's experiences
add meaningfully to the entire program.
There are a number of other signifi-
cant features to this legislation which I
believe are worthy of special mention.
Provisions are included in the program to
make it self-liquidating. The Secretary
of Health, Education, and Welfare-
whose Department will administer the
program-may require at least partial
payment for the day-care services in the
case of those families who, through em-
ployment or otherwise, are able to make
a contribution.
Coordination at all levels of govern-
ment and between all similar programs
is mandated by specifying certain mech-
anisms of program administration.
Finally, evaluation requirements are
written into the bill so that congressional
oversight will be a meaningful, concur-
rent procedure.
The bill would authorize $60 million
for 1 year as a new part B of title V of
the Economic Opportunity Act. This
should provide about 50,000 new, day-
care slots-not nearly enough to meet
the need but certainly a meaningful start
with possibilities for expansion, and hope
for self-confidence and self-sufficiency
for many families who now know only a
future of despair.
THE NEW LEFT
(Mr. ASHBROOK (at the request of
Mr. PRICE of Texas) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Walter
Trohan has written a most comprehen-
sive article on the New Left which ap-
peared in the Sunday, July 9, 1967, issue
of the Chicago Tribune. Mr. Trohan is
the chief of the Tribune's Washington
bureau and has spent more than a year
studying and reporting on campus move-
ments which he finds shows a "hostility
to law and order, to civilized behavior and
to the concept of liberty under law." it is
characterized by "anarchism, nihilism,
and negativism and it flouts and dero-
gates the institutions which give it the
freedom it enjoys."
Mr. Trohan's report is "must" reading
for any American who wants to have a
better understanding of the New Left
in America. I include the article with
these remarks, Mr. Speaker, and I hope
all of the Members will read it closely:
THE NEW LEFT
(By Walter Trohan)
The Student New Left is a many splintered
thing. A common denominator is most diffi-
cult to find. The New Left is a mixture of
theory, sociological action, and bitter pro-
test. It is linked with the civil rights move-
ment, the fight against poverty, and the war
in Viet Nam.
It Is all of these things, yet no one of
them. If It is any one thing, it is the cul-
mination of the age of protest. We see it in
flag burning, draft card destruction, demon-
strations, and challenges to all forms of au-
thority. It carries the seeds of revolution in
its anarchism-and therein lies its great
danger to those who revere and respect
democratic law and order.
The New Left is of the campus but goes
beyond the campus. It involves students,
faculty members, writers, intellectuals, beat-
niks, and hippies. Many of its adherents dress
wildly to accentuate their nonconformism.
They wear beat-up trousers and dresses, long
hair and beards, and the rest. Sometimes it is
difficult to distinguish among the sexes.
Members of the New Left are in the minority,
but they have Influenced many of their fel-
lows, and their activities affect almost every-
one on all campuses, directly or indirectly.
Let it be understood that the New Left is
not communist, altho it is Communist infil-
trated. Nor does it embrace all youth; the
vast majority of young people have no part
of it. This infiltration is coming from vari-
ous directions. First, there is the Moscow
wing in the Communist party and its youth
organization, the W. E. B. Du Bois clubs.
Second there is the Trotskyite wing of com-
munism in the Socialist Workers party and
its youth affiliate, the Young Socialist alli-
ance. Finally, there is the arm of the pro-
Chinese Communists, the Progressive Labor
party. However, these Communists are
neither in control of the New Left nor work-
ing in concert. They see the movement as a
means of gaining access to college cam-
puses, reaching the minds of students, and
gaining an aura of respectability.
Many people are inclined to dismiss the
New Left as another harmless manifestation
of college foolishness, such as swallowing
live gold fish or staging panty raids. There
is more to the movement, however; if orga-
nizers and Communists have their way, a
dagger might be forged for the destruction of
the American way of life. The average Amer-
ican sees the New Left In terms; of protest
marches and demonstrations. These should
be enough to convince him that the move-
ment has power to mobilize Its members in
large numbers to win attention or conces-
sions.
One of the major aims of the New Left
is to destroy the links between American in-
dustry and colleges. Industry and indus-
trialists are a major source of college revenue.
Universities ate Institutions from which in-
dustry can recruit the talent it needs and
which serve as a valuable adjunct in re-
search. The New Left is working to under-
mine this relationship. It attacks industry
as part of tht Pentagon complex, which is
blamed for policies the New Left dislikes.
The strongest attacks have been levied
against industries directly producing for the
war effort.
For some, morality is "bourgeois" and "old
fashioned." Some reject bananas as food but
are devoted to them for hallucinatory smok-
ing. Some smoke marijuana, and others dote
on LSD or other drugs. New Leftists can and
do look like the conventional boy or girl
next door, and they often are the brightest
students.
A key ingredient of the New Left is ex-
pressed in a word they like; "alienation,"
although its meaning is not always clear.
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H 8476
However, to the New Leftist it signifies whit
he derides as "the establishment," the "power
structure," or "the military-industrial com-
plex."
"The young people of the 'movement,'"
writes one of its spokesmen, "make no poll a
protest; they rage against the war becaiwe
they see it as the embodiment of all they
are fighting in American society. It is a
product of 'the system' from which they ale
alienated."
The mood of the New Left is describes
by one of its spokesmen, the Students for 3
Democratic Society S. D. S.), as one of dis-
illusionment, pessimism, and alienatior..
Many see strong nihilistic or anarchists:
strains in declarations that our present so-
ciety is decadent and that bourgeois moral
values are outmoded. In the core of the move-
ment there seems to be a passionate desir-s
'to destroy, to hate, and to tear down. The,,,
hate free society, the concepts of law anti'
order, and established values.
"Among the central questions that a radi-
cal ideology must attempt to answer are
these," according to a New Left spokesman:
"What are the fundamental changes needed
to transform society, .and what are the steps
that radicals can take to bring these about?"
These steps have Included defiance of law,
civil disobedience, and disparagement of the
American heritage. But when the New
Leftists are asked to :describe their new so-
ctety, they offer little other than impious in-
cantations and misty generalizations. They
have no practical suggestions in their accent
on the negative.
The Dow Chemical company, which is a
major manufacturer of napalm, a fire chemi-
cal, has been a major target. Last Feb. 28,
a student demonstration was sponsored at
Old Dominion college, in Norfolk, Va., when
company officers were conducting job inter-
views. The demonstration was orderly, altho
placards and literature attacked the com-
pany. A much larger anti-Dow demonstration
was staged at the University of Wisconsin, in
Madison. The student newspaper carried the
headline: "S. D. S. to Block Chemical Com-
pany Interviewing" and told of a massive
sit-in against the interviews. Still another
demonstration was staged at Penn State uni-
versity. Students walked into the room where
interviews were being conducted and called
for a discussion of the "moral issues of the
war in Viet Nam."
The right to dissent is the key weapon of
the New Left. However, its leaders would
confound this right with what they believe
to be a right to break any law that does not
please their. Civil disobedience of the New
Left has manifested itself in blocking traffic,
lying down in doorways, and Invasion of pri-
vate and public property. The New Left
doesn't believe in attempting to repeal laws
it dislikes or believes to be wrong or im-
moral Instead It disobeys them and encour-
ages others to disobey them.
Running thru the New Left movement,
like a weird leit motif, is a pattern of per-
sonal habits as reflected in dress, language,
and moral habits. In some respect these serve
as recognition symbols for its members, not
only on college campuses but elsewhere.
Many New Leftists are identified by their
beatnik-style long hair and sandals. Some
of the young men wear beards, and the
young women dress in black stockings, old
shoes, and odd-fitting dresses. Often per-
sonal cleanliness is neglected, as is evi-
denced by dirty finger nails, unbrushed hair,
and unwashed faces.
In the anti-Viet Nam war demonstration
in Kezar stadium in San Francisco last April,
a high percentage of the participants were
beatniks and hippies, who were conspicuous
with their long hair, unkempt beards, san-
dals, and multicolored wearing apparel. They
were heckled during their parade to the sta-
dium by pro-Viet Nam wax demonstrators,
who kept calling, "Take a bathi"
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE J 11, 19
A curious psychology seems to underlie
the desire for unconventional dress. At the
heart of the New Left is the concept of re-
bellion against society and its institutions.
Bizarre dress becomes, in the eyes of the New
Leftists, a way of striking back at what they
call regimentation, They want to be differ-
ent. They seek ways to scoff at established
institutions-not only to satisfy their own
inner feelings of alienation, but to antago-
nize those who believe In the accepted mo-
rality. To the New Left, unconventionality
is an inherent characteristic of its view of
the world.
Associated with the habit of weird dress
is widespread use of drugs, or the psyche-
delic world. It is difficult to state with accu-
racy the extent of hippie activity among
members of the New Left-the use of LSD,
marijuana, opium, dried banana skins, and
other types of drugs or supposed drugs.
Obviously, many New Leftist followers have
not dabbled in this activity, just as many do
not adopt the strange mode of dress. How-
ever, the New Left does nothing to discour-
age use of or experimentation with drugs.
Considerable publicity about drugs on cam-
pus has appeared in the press. Don Smith,
the onetime New Left president of the Stu-
dent Council at Iowa State university, ad-
mitted that he smoked marijuana at pot par-
ties on the campus. The Scholastic, student
magazine of the University of Notre Dame,
has discussed use of drugs on the campus.
The use of drugs seems to be part of the
shock psychology of the New Left. It is a
demonstration of its spirit of rebellion and
practical evidence of Its unconventionality.
Still another hallmark of the New Left is the
use of obscene language. Here again is evi-
dence of the desire to be different and to be
nonconformist. Four;letter words ere fre-
quent in "New Left Notes," the publication
of the S.D.S., the New Left's campus bastion.
Its writings are designed not only to shock,
but also to make the authors feel themselves
to be part of the "liberal modern trend,"
which accepts and encourages such lan-
guage in literature and daily life.
Some obscene language even appears In
college newspapers. The Observer, ?.tudent
newspaper at the University of Notre Dame,
carried an article last Dec. 8, on California's
anti-nudity laws. The story contained a
paragraph sprinkled with obscenities. The
March 14 issue of "The Spectrum," a publi-
cation of the State University of New York,
In Buffalo, published a review of a perform-
ance given by "The Pugs," a university musi-
cal group. The article described, in "frank"
language, the music performed and the lyrics
employed. The songs ranged from a gutter
description of sex to an obscene description
of American foreign policy.
The moral standards of many New Leftists
can be stormed up In the dictum: "What-
ever you want to do goes!" S. D. S. members
have held some meetings in rural resort
areas with members of both sexes, dressed
and undressed, using the same cabins. In sex,
as in language, dress, and drugs, some New
Leftists believe they can assert their in-
lividualit;y and personality by unconven-
onal behavior. It is ironic, however, that
members of the New Left in their desperate
effort to throw off the fetters of convention
!adopt a code even more rigid and binding
i:han what they throw off.
A San Francisco church recently offered
its facilities to hippies, and a controversy
c.rose. The clergyman who made the offer
e aid that hippies have "a very strong and
urgent spiritual hunger" and the church
should help them. An official of the church,
l.owever, took exception, saying: "When a
group of people reject the moral code of our
society, curse and swear, are admitted forni-
cators, are physically unclean, reject, if' not
despise, the law, etc., I believe they are un-
Christian and immoral. The fact that they
may practice principles which are also
Christian, does not make them either
Christian or religious."
Another key characteristic of the New Left
Is unrelenting criticism of tae United States
usually accompanied by )tpproval of its
enemies. The New Leftists not only shout
that the United States is wrong but they
also assert that this country must have an
evil, malicious, and unwoz;thy motive for
almost any action it takes.
In the war in Viet Nan, the United
States is accused of "murd' r," "destroying
civilians," and "unjustifleT and immoral
bombing." At the same time virtually
nothing is said about Viet' Cong or com-
munist atrocities, raids, an terror tactics.
This hatred of things Amer can constitutes
a devil theory of modern hi tort'.
An anti-Viet Nam war rally was held at
the University of Hawaii on March 21, 1966.
The platform of Hernenway hall was dec-
orated with a large-parody o the American
flag. Dollar signs replaced th stars; the flag
was red, white, and black, d the stripes
were pointed. A Viet Cong 1ag was flown.
There were two signs, one w1 h swastikas at
the top and bottom, which byre the legend,
"Down with L. B. J. and his fascist running
dogs."'
The anti-Americanism of t a New Left is
demonstrated in many way . Draft cards
have been burned. The fag has been
desecrated. Bitter attacks are ade on Amer-
ican policy and on our leads s. In an anti-
war demonstration in New Y 4 rk City, floats
included a replica of the Statue of Liberty
lying on Its side. Trucks wore filled with
parts of mannequins to sym olize destruc-
tion Ili Viet Nam. There was ;a replica of a
submarine painted yellow. More than 50
persons burned their draft cads In Central
Park during the demonstrati n in a cere-
mony organized by the Cor ell university
chapter of S. D. S.
"They are a minority, a tiny minority, and
not a very representative one 't that," the
Washington Daily News commented edi-
torially on the New York draft card burning.
"What unites them is their Faulty vision.
They have a truly. astigmatic! view of the
war. They ignore United States motives in
Viet Nam: to let the South Vietnamese set-
tle their political future free fr nit subversteion
from the north. They ascribe o he Unid
States only the basest of mot ves: murder,
conquest, dominance."
One looks in vain for any, comparable
criticism of North Viet Nam, of its com-
inunist allies, Soviet Russia anti Red China,
from the New Leftists. Not 11 the New
Leftists, or even a majority of th~m, are Com-
munists, but many Commun#ts are New
Leftists. The New Leftists seem,to share the
basic communist hatred of America, a hatred
that apparently can be satisfied only by the
total destruction of this county 1.
In its nihilism and anarchism !es the dan-
ger of the New Left. The Natio al Guardian
of April 8 carried this analysis o S. D. S.: "A
year ago S. D. S. was discussing the possi-
bility of moving `from protest to politics.'
Today the discussion is from p otest to re-
sistance.' The distinction betty ten politics
and resistance is so great as Ito Imply a
qualitative change. By politics the S. D. S.
meant the creation of a leftist pllliticai force
in the United States that would work with-
in the norms of society. By resistance, ac-
cording to Gregory Calvert, S. D. S. national
secretary, is meant this formulation: 'No
matter what America demands, it does not
possess us. Whenever that demand comes-
we resist: " 1 -
The concepts of "resistance," rot working
within "the norms of society,"; should be
noted. The S. D. S.. plans to orga ze unions
of draft resisters. Carl Davidson, D. S. na-
tional vice president, said anti- raft orga-
nization "moves from protest activity to ac-
tivity that takes on more and l4ore of the
characteristics of a seditious resistance move-
I
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 11, 1967
challenging his election under the Geor-
gia election code of 1964. This litigation
was terminated on March 30, 1967, by the
Georgia supreme court's denial of a writ
of certiorari to the Georgia court of ap-
peals which, on January 25, 1967, had
held in favor of Mr. BLACKBURN on the
key issue in the case. In short, they
adopted Mr. BLACKBURN'S contention
that the election officials had been cor-
rect in programing the computers to re-
ject ballots where the voter had punched
out the scored block for either "straight
Democratic ticket" or "straight Republi-
can ticket" and also punched out the
scored block for the congressional can-
didate of the opposing party. The court
ruled that these were invalid "over-votes"
and not valid "split ticket votes," as
claimed by Mr. Mackay.
As a result of the adverse court deci-
sion, Mr. Mackay withdrew his election
contest in the House by letter to the
Speaker dated April 13, 1967. Accord-
ingly, the committee has concluded that
Mr. BLACKBURN should be declared to be
entitled to his seat and urges adoption of
House Resolution 542.
If the gentleman from New York [Mr.
GOODELL] will permit me to, I would like
to yield for 1 minute to our colleague
from Georgia [Mr. DAvis].
Mr. DAVIS of Georgia,. Mr. Speaker, I
was named by the Speaker to serve on
the Special Elections Committee on Cam-
paign Expenditures which had its exist-
ence from. the general election of 1966
until the organization of this Congress in
January. As a part of my responsibility
serving on that committee I was the
Member of Congress who objected to the
seating of the gentleman from Georgia
[Mr. BLACKBURN] at the time that the
90th Congress was organized. I felt since
the election was in doubt and was under
contest by Mr. James Mackay that it was
my responsibility to interpose this objec-
tion. In the light of the fact that Mr.
Mackay withdrew his objection by his
letter of April 13, 1967, I am happy to
join with the subcommittee, that is, Mr.
ASHMORE's subcommittee, of the Com-
mittee on House Administration, of
which I am also a member, and to en-
dorse the recommendation of that
committee.
Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, I also
join in the committee decision in this in-
stance to dismiss the contest brought by
Mr. Mackay against the incumbent con-
testee, the gentleman from Georgia [Mr.
BLACKBURN]. It should be emphasized
that at this stage Mr. Mackay has re-
quested the withdrawal of his contest, so
there is really no issue left to argue
about.
I think there is one point, however,
that should be made in this debate which
affects all of us in the possibility of elec-
tion contests in our own districts in the
future. We must move to clarify the
whole procedure of election contests in
the interim between the election date
and the opening of a new Congress. In
that period the jurisdiction lies to a de-
gree in the Special Committee on Cam-
paign Expenditures. As a practical
matter, the ultimate decision for investi-
gating and determining election contests
rests with the new Congress and with the
Subcommittee on Elections of the Com-
mittee on House Administration. We
have had in the past confusion in elec-
tion contest cases. The contester in some
instances has felt he had complied with
the law by giving notice of contest to the
Special Committee on Campaign Ex-
penditures and failed to give notice under
the law to the Clerk of the House and the
Subcommittee on Elections of the Com-
mittee on House Administration.
In addition, Mr. Speaker, it seems un-
necessary that we have two such sub-
committees operating with overlapping
jurisdiction,
We have moved to a degree to provide
that the membership of the Special Com-
mittee on Campaign Expenditures will
be the same as the membership of the
House Subcommittee on Elections.
? Perhaps this would be a solution. In
any event I believe this Congress should
move to try to eliminate the overlapping
and confusion that exists in the present
law between the jurisdictions of these
two committees. It caused some difficulty
in this instance. The Special Committee
on Campaign Expenditures, spent con-
siderable time debating its proper juris-
diction, and the special committee ulti-
mately, by a divided vote, recommended
that the gentleman from Georgia
[Mr. BLACKBURN] not be seated on open-
ing day. There was considerable dif-
ference of opinion as to the proper juris-
diction of the Elections Subcommittee as
distinguished from the campaign ex-
penditures special committee in this
situation.
Mr. Speaker, I would hope that we
could move to eliminate any possibility
of this type of confusion in the future.
Mr. Speaker, one other point should be
made. It is clear from the history and the
contest that was brought by Mr. Mackay,
that there were serious difficulties ex-
perienced with the votomatic voting
machines and the cards that were used
and which were punched out by the
voter. In many instances they appar-
ently did not go through the machine
properly.
There were difficulties in counting the
ballots. Because of this there were a
great many allegations, brought by Mr.
Mackay, with reference to this subject
matter. They were not crucial turning
points in the determination of this case.
Mr. Speaker, we did not go into these
allegations in any great detail in our sub-
committee. We do not feel that it is our
obligation as a committee of the Con-
gress of the United States to investigate
the relative merits of votomatic voting
machines and other machine. But, cer-
tainly, when we are dealing with a prob-
lem of election contests and are trying
in some instances to have a recount of
the vote, we must be concerned with the
automatic equipment which is used that
might make it impossible to have an
accurate recount, where such a recount
may be indicated, as determined by our
subcommittee.
Mr. Speaker, the difficulties were
numerous with the votomatic machines
in this election.
Another aspect of the election was
the difficulty in controlling the votomatic
cards. Allegations were made to the ef-
fect that some of them were left out in
the corridors overnight and then put
through the machines, and so forth.
Mr. Speaker, we do not pass judgment
as a subcommittee, and as a committee
we do not ask Congress to pass upon
these allegations. But we do call atten-
tion to the fact that these allegations
were made and that there appears to be
some substance to the allegations that
great difficulties were experienced with
reference to this particular type of
equipment.
It is very clear, however, that the
decision of the Georgia courts to the
effect that Mr. BLACKBURN won this
election under the laws of the State of
Georgia was correct and that the gentle-
man is surely qualified to be seated.
Mr. Speaker, the committee is unani-
mous in recommending the dismissal
of this election contest.
Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?
Mr. GOODELL. I yield to the gentle-
man from Georgia [Mr. BLACKBURN].
Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, I
want to say that I certainly appreciate
and thank my colleague, the gentleman
from Georgia [Mr. DAVIS] for joining in
the endorsement of the resolution which
has come from the Committee on House
Administration.
I want to say on my own behalf that
I am certainly grateful for the consider-
ation shown to me by the leadership of
the House and by the Members of the
House during this period when this mat-
ter was under debate.
Mr. ASHMORE. Mr. Speaker, I move
the previous question on the resolution.
The previous question was ordered.
The SPEAKER. The question is on the
resolution.
The resolution was agreed to.
The title was amended so as to read:
"An act declaring that Benjamin B.
Blackburn was duly elected as Repre-
sentative from the Fourth Congres-
sional District of the State of Georgia to
the 90th Congress and is entitled to his
seat."
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
DER ISRAEL ADMINISTRATION
(Mr. FARBSTEIN asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, we
have heard a great deal in recent days
about the restoration of the status quo
ante in Jerusalem. In a speech some days
ago, I predicted that Arabs of Jerusalem,
no less than Jews, would be pleased by
the results of the unification of Jeru-
salem under Israel administration. The
press reports since that time-and I
speak of every reliable press source-con-
firm that this is the case. Jerusalem is
free again, to Arabs, Christians, and
Jews. What is holy to all three is receiv-
ing careful attention and the people of
the former Arab sector are being treated
with generosity and brotherhood.
I cannot help but contrast this, Mr.
Speaker, to the late administration of the
old section of Jerusalem under the Jor-
danian Government. A story which ap?
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July 11, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -? HOUSE H 8465
der the law because a noncandidate can- Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, I yield
not claim a right to the seat. These myself 3 minutes.
precedents are cited on page 2 of Report Mr. Speaker, I join the distinguished
No. 365 accompanying the resolution. gentleman from South Carolina, who
Therefore, in accordance with the ,hairs this subcommittee, in the opin-
same grounds asserted! in the conteste i; came down to a very simple ma
election case, praying that the House i - The alleged contestant. Mr. Lowe.
election invalid and the seat vacant. Th South Carolina indicated, Mr. Lowe had
petition was referred to the Committ b -en a candidate in the Democratic pri-
on House Administration on May 8. rrary and failed. After the nominee of
attacks Mr. THOMPSON's election o the Democratic Party withdrew, Mr.
ground that the nomination of his Dem L )we claimed there were some violations
ocratic opponent was illegal, being con ` of Georgia law with reference to the
trary to the Georgia Election Code an nomination of the replacement of Mr.
the rules of the State Democratic Party, VJ eltner on the Democratic ticket. Those
and that, since there:. was no lawful problems with the nomination of the
Democratic candidate, the election of : D(gnocratic candidate were carried to
Mr. THoMPsoN was a nullity. The report ' court.
of the committee points out that there , There was a dismissal in the Georgia
is no precedent for unseating a member yco arts of Mr. Lowe's case. The duly au-
because of the illegality of his opponent's h )razed Democratic candidate ran
nomination, even assuming it was illegal, 4g ),inst the Republican candidate, Mr.
ang that ,the establishment of such a AtLITCHER THOMpsoN, and there is no con-
precedent would jeopardize the integrity t ration that Mr. FLETCHER THOMPSON
of congressional election. If, as petition- W43 in any way disqualified by his nom-
his opponent's nomination, it is not diffi-
cult to perceive the potential danger to
the integrity of congressional elections.
If the House were to find out that there
was no lawfully nominated Democratic
candidate and to declare the election null
and void for that reason, ;the door would
be open for the party of is losing candi-
date in a congressional elections to im-
peach the election of the pvinning candi-
date by claiming that the election was
invalid because the losing; candidate had
not been nominated in accordance with
election laws and party rules.
It should be noted that, prior to the
election, Mr. Lowe brolrght suit against
the Democratic nominee and certain
Lindsey's candidacy and
of a special Democrats
!to enjoin Mr.
rdering the call
primary. This
Georgia State
court prior to the. electio
Therefore, Mr. Speaker,'
tion of the resolution.
Mr. HALEY. Mr. Spea
gentleman yield?
Mr. ASHMORE. I yield
man from Florida.
Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker
contestant, Mr. Lowe, under
political party in the State of G
,he general election, but he was, I be-
ieve, third. Re was not the nominee of
the party at any time.
Mr. HALEY. Of no recognized politi-
,al party in Georgia?
Mr. ASHMORE. No, sir.
Mr. HALEY. I thank the gentleman.
anl~ other irregularity in the election of
Mr FLETCHER THoMPsoN as a Member of
thi House.
Ala matter of fact, Mr. Lowe never
clai ed the right to the seat himself. He
simply wanted to have another election.
I uld Join the gentleman from South
Carol na in indicating that whether we
bass=, a ;sir dismissal in this instance on the
fact end I believe it is a fact-that Mr.
Lowe
and h
not open the door to this kind
n contest.
not he p
were to
simp'y h ve to see to it that there were
irreg ilari ies in nominating its own can-
didate. T ereafter it could challenge the
election the candidate who had been
duly Alec d, claiming that the nomina-
tion A Pa defeated candidate was in
some wa in violation of law.
the giralffications of the Republican can-
didatiE ho won the election. His nomi-
mitte r and of our chairman that this
case:5ould be dismissed, Including both
which has been filed.
Mr. ASHMORE. Mr. Speaker, I have
no further requests for time.
The SPEAKER. The question is on
the res glution.
The fesolution was agreed to.
A motion to reconsider was laid on
the table.
CONTESTED ELECTION 'CASE OF
JAMES A. MACKAY, CONTESTANT,
AGAINST BENJAMIN B. BLACK-
BURN, CONTESTEE, FOU#TH CON-
GRESSIONAL DISTRICT, OF THE
STATE OF GEORGIA
Mr. ASHMORE. Mr. Speaker, by direc-
tion of the Committee on Ho a Admin-
istration, I call up House 2.esolution
542 and ask for its immediate consid-
eration.
The Clerk read the resolutipn, as fol-
lows:
H. Has. 542
Resolved, That Benjamin B. Blackburn was
duly elected as Representative l from the
Fourth Congresisonal District ofI the State
titled to his seat.
'he SPEAKER. The gentleman from
Sodth Carolina is recognized ftQr 1 hour.
M. ASHMORE. Mr. Speake4, I yield
30' mliiutes to the gentleman Irom New
York 'cMr. GOODELL], pending which I
yield myself such time as I may ponsume.
Mr. Speaker, the purpose of this reso-
lution is to declare that BEN~rAMTN B.
BLACKeui~} T, Representative fkom the
Fourth ti strict of Georgia, was duly
elected an* is entitled to his set in the
90th Congress. The question of 1 he final
right of th6, gentleman from Georgia to
his seat wa referred to the C mmittee
o
on House Ad inistration by H
se Reso-
lution 2 adop d on January 10? 1967.
Briefly, the facts are that in phe gen-
eral election
bent Demoera
rom the
Ames A.
ose race
Mackay, was d D
by the Republi n candidate, Mr1 BLACK-
BURN. Voting as conducted by, use of
Votomatic vote ecorders and puiichcard
ballots tabulat td on computers. Mr.
Mackay challenged the election results,
claiming that ti-&e computers erropeously
failed to count; about 7,000 votes and
that the proced%ires for duplicating de-
fective ballots were imprope -. His
charges were the subject of a limited
-
investigation by; the Special Co
1966, which filet a report reeomm
that Mr. BLACK URN' be made to
of be
While the m4tter was before the 4peciai
committee, M . Mackay filed a formal
election conte t in the House of epre-
sentatives uz er the contested-el ction
law.
On the op 'nine of the 90th Corgress,
an objectiol was made to the ad inis-
tration of he oath to Mr. BLACBURN
and he w asked by the Speaker to ptand
aside w e the other Members were
sworn. hereafter, pursuant to Ouse
Resolu on 2, he was conditionally sated
th-e-Committee on House Administration
to determine, in the words of said ' ?eso-
lution, "the final right of Benjam n B.
Blackburn to a seat in the 90th on-
gress."
While the contested-election case! was
in progress in the House, a group oMr.
Mackay's supporters filed suit ag inst
Mr. BLACKBURN in a Georgia State curt,
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peared in the New York Times on July 4,
a dispatch from Agence-France-Presse,
tells of how the Jordanians, during their
20-year rule in Jerusalem, removed
gravestones from the Jewish cemetery
on the Mount of Olives, one of the holiest
cemeteries in the Judaic world, and used
them, literally, to pave the road to Jeri-
cho. The inscriptions on the stones were
still visible to the reporter who wrote
the story. I trust that every Member of
this body is as outraged as I by this bar-
baric conduct on the part of the Jor-
danians.
Mr. Speaker, one might also have noted
a story in the New York Times of July 9,
telling of the damage the Jordanians did
to the highly regarded Rockefeller Ar-
cheological Museum in Jerusalem. The
damage to the museum was slovenliness;
to the cemetery, it was deliberate sacri-
lege. Is there any civilized human who
thinks that the Arab government of
Jordan deserves to have restored to it
the honor of taking care of the holy
places of three great religions? I regard
such an idea as folly. In my view, Jor-
dan has forfeited its rights in Jerusalem
forevermore.
Never again, Mr. Speaker, can such
gross irresponsibility be tolerated. Pre-
mier Eshkol has indicated that Israel
would be amenable to the presence of
some international guard of the holy
places of Jerusalem. I favor such a sym-
bolic detachment. What we must never
countenance, however-not for a min-
ute-is a return to the way things were
before last June 5.
I include the full text of the July 4
article from the Times and the relevant
paragraphs of the July 9 article:
JORDAN DESECRATED A JEWISH CEMETERY
JERUSALEM, July 3 (Agence France-
Presse).-Many gravestones removed from
the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives
were used to build Jordanian Army Camps at
Al Azariya and Sur Bahir.
The mount of olives, which for centuries
had been the burial ground for the Jeru-
salem Jewish community, was occupied by
Jordan after the 1948 war and had been
.naccessible to Jews until Israeli forces
seized Jordanian Jerusalem June 7.
Newsmen who toured the camp, on the
,oad to Jericho, saw dozens of gravestones,
;heir inscriptions still legible, in walls and
iooring.
The Minister of Religious Affairs, Dr.
1erah Wahrhaftig, who was on the tour,
;alled the sacrilege deliberate. He said that
)y such acts Jordan had proved unworthy to
)e a custodian of holy places.
ISRAEL REPAIRING RAVAGED MUSEUM-BUILD-
ING USED AS A FORTRESS GETS READY FOR
VISITORS
(By James Feron)
JERUSALEM, July 8.-An Israeli workman
;pent this week removing the plaster that
had long concealed the chiseled Hebrew
signs on the walls of the Palestine Archeo-
ogical museum in the former Jordanian
sector of Jerusalem.
The three languages of the British man-
late-English, Arabic and Hebrew-had
seen used when the handsome stone build-
ng, familiarly known as the Rockefeller Mu-
eum, came into use in the middle nineteen-
hirties. The Rockefeller family donated
unds for the museum in 1927 but stipulated
hat it should not bear the Rockefeller
ame.
For the 19 years of Jordanian operation
is Hebrew lettering had been hidden, plas-
tered in where it was etched into the stone,
hidden elsewhere with cardboard or display
cases.
Staff members of the Israel Museum,
whose archeological department Is assuming
control, have been removing the rubble of
war to prepare one of the best known of
Middle Eastern museums for an expected
rush of visitors.
MUSEUM BECAME FORTRESS
Jordanian soldiers had used the fortress-
like museum as a military position. It was
one of the last buildings to fall before the
Old City walls, which are across the street,
were breached on June 7.
The signs of battle are everywhere, and
some will last for some time. Most of the
windows are broken. Shrapnel holes punc-
tured the ceiling and walls, and new cracks
have been made in ancient pots and jars.
Some ancient glass items spun 180 de-
grees during the shelling. They remained
intact but their showcases splintered.
Dr. Avraham Biran, director of the Gov-
ernment antiquities department, said that
it would cost about $80,000 to make repairs.
AVOIDING WATER POLLUTION IN
NORTHEAST TEXAS-REMARKS
OF FRANKLIN JONES, SR.
(Mr. PATMAN asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include extra-
neous matter.)
Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, my dis-
tinguished constituent, Mr. Franklin
Jones, Sr., a prominent east Texas at-
torney, has shared my interest and con-
cern for the lakes, rivers, and streams of
northeast Texas for many years. As presi-
dent of the Cypress Valley Navigation
District, he has watched with particular
concern the water problems resulting
from industrial and population growth in
many areas of our Nation, and has shown
great foresight in alerting the people of
the First Congressional District to the
need for comprehensive planning to pro-
tect our waterways. Excerpts from Mr.
Jones' recent address to the Marion
County Chamber of Commerce were cited
in an editorial in the Marshall News Mes-
senger, July 2, and I enter this editorial
in the RECORD:
CLEAN WATER
Speaking before the Marion County Cham-
ber of Commerce last April, Franklin Jones
Sr., focused public attention on a subject
that is seldom considered in Northeast
Texas-water pollution.
Our streams, rivers and lakes are clean,
we say, and free of pollution. That's a prob-
lem for the'big cities, we think.
Jones, however, sounded the alarm in not-
ing this area's lack of industrial growth in
bygone years may have been a blessing in dis-
guise. But he pointed out that this region
is now beginning to grow Industrially, with
possibilities unlimited, and that new Indus-
tries should install pollution control devices,
keeping the water free of pollution.
"Had Northeast Texas undergone an in-
dustrial boom several years ago, it would
now be attempting to eradicate the pollu-
tion problem as other areas are," Jones said.
"Now as industry comes to our land, we can
take precautions to keep our waters clean,"
he continued.
So two months ago, Jones, president of the
pypress Valley Navigation District was bring-
n. g attention to the pollution problem in
Northeast Texas. The visit to Texas of the
President's Water Pollution Control Advisory
Board has now served to focus public atten-
tion on this very important problem of this
generation: How can we,assure this and suc-
H 8467
ceeding generations of Texas an adequate
supply of potable water?
Texans have thought big in many fields,
but have betrayed only a limited vision on
the subject of water supplies until recent
years. Population growth and industrializa-
tion have forced a complete reappraisal of
the question of water supply and distribu-
tion. The first tentative steps toward major
redistribution of water supplies through in-
terbasin transfer have already been taken.
As with most beginnings the extent and the
nature of the ultimate plan is still uncertain.
In any comprehensive water plan for the
state, though, the question of water pollu-
tion assumes paramount importance. For
wise use and reuse of water is essential to a
successful program. This means that a mu-
nicipality or an industry which uses water
must return It to a river system without
having reduced substantially its quality.
The responsibility for pollution must be
shared. There is more than enough blame to
go around. It will not do to just blame indus-
try for all our pollution woes. Municipalities,
through sewage and storm sewer facilities,
remain one of the most troublesome offend-
ers of all. The people are as much to blame
as business and industry and share responsi-
bility for abating pollution.
We in Texas are barely on the threshold
of revolutionary developments in water
treatment. Primary treatment is no longer
good enough. Secondary and tertiary treat-
ment may be required in many industries.
Some industries may indeed be forced out of
business if adequate treatment of waste
waters cannot be developed. The days of "to
hell with the downstream users" are over.
Water treatment in Texas is going to be a
tremendously expensive business. Tens of
millions of dollars will be required for re-
search to develop new processes or improve
those now used. But there is no escaping the
necessity for adequate treatment of water
before it is returned to a river or stream. The
health of our people as well as the economic
well-being of our state, as Jones pointed out,
demand it.
BIG CORPORATIONS DOMINATE
(Mr. PATMAN asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, over the
course of many years in the Congress,
I am strongly impressed with the great
contribution of a few outstanding think-
ers who combine a dedication to our
democratic principles with a keen aware-
ness of economic and social realities. One
of this distinguished group is Prof. J.
Kenneth Galbraith of Harvard who, over
the many years, has shown a great ca-
pacity for casting his bright light on the
society around us and showing, in sharp
focus, what the facts are and, even more
important, how existing facts often devi-
ate from our hopes and expectations. Un-
like many other thinkers in and out of
academic life, professors like J. Kenneth
Galbraith are not blinded by their own
preconceptions or misconceptions. They
are accurate and brilliant observers of
the world around them.
Professor Galbraith's latest contribu-
tion to thinking on public policy is a new
book entitled "The New Industrial State."
It deals with a matter that vitally con-
cerns all of us here in the Congress-
namely, the role of the huge corporation
in our society. It Is his thesis that our
economy is dominated by some 500 huge
corporations which are controlled not so
much by stockholders as by their own
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managerial officials. And their power and
size frees them from their reliance on
the traditional market economy. They
raise their own money through pricing
and goods high enough to'permit capital
accumulation and they are powerful
enough to manipulate demand in the
market.
Of particular concern to us in the
Congress is his observation of how weak
our antitrust- enforcement: has proven in
reaching and coping with this growing
dominance of the big colporation. I do
not agree with Professor Galbraith's
pessimism about the total ineffectiveness
of antitrust laws. They continue to be
our main hope and bulwark to stem a
dangerous trend toward monopoly. But
I think he has done a great service in ex-
posing existing weaknesses. It is my fer-
vent hope that this excellent book will
be read widely by those of us in the
Congress who are becoming more and
more concerned by the merger trend
and with the imperfections of existing
antimonopoly laws. In nay opinion, we
must strengthen these laws to preserve
what Is left of our free competitive
economy.
The book, of course, is not primarily
a treatise on antimonopoly provisions.
It undertakes to analyze broad trends
in our industrial society and, as such, it
will be read by many people concerned
with public policy. At the same time, it
has particular relevance for antimonop-
oly policy. I commend it to the atten-
tion of my colleagues and all members
of the public who are interested in pub-
lic policy.
I submit for the RECORD a summary
of some of Professor Galbraith's conclu-
sions on these matters which appeared
in an article in the Atlantic Monthly for
May 1967. Part of this article follows:
MAzsczr PLANNING AND THE ROLE OF
GOVERNMEsl'
By John Kenneth Galbraith)
In fact since Adam and as a matter of
settled doctrine since Adam Smith, the
businessman has been assumed to be subor-
dinate to the market. In last month's ar-
ticle I showed that modern'highly technical
processes and products and associated re-
quirements of capital and time lead In-
evitably to planning-to the management of
markets by those who supply them. It is
technology, not ideology, that brings this
result. The market serves admirably to sup-
ply simple things. But excellent as it may
be on muskets, it is very bad on missiles.
And not even the supply' of components
for the modern automobile Can be trusted to
the market; neither is it safe to,assume that
the market will absorb the necessary produc-
tion at; a remunerative price. There must
be planning here as well.
The principal planning instrument in the
modern economy is the large corporation.
Within broad limits, it determines what
the consumer shall have and at what price
he shall have it. And It foresees the need
for and arranges the necessary supply of
capital, machinery, and materials.
The modern corporation is the direct des-
cendant of the entrepreneur. This has kept
us from seeing it in its new role. Had the
corporation been an outgrowth of the state,
which we readily associate with planning,
we world not be in doubt. The modern cor-
poration has, In fact, moved Into a much
closer association with the state than most of
us imagine. And its planning activities are
extensively and systematically supplemented
by those of the state.
Lei us consider first the regulation of
prices in the modern economy and tha
means by which public behavior is accom-
modoted to plan. Here, I should warn, we
encounter some of the more deeply en-
trenched folk myths of our time, including
a certain vested interest In error on the
part of both economists and businessmen.
If ore takes faith in the market away from
the economist, he is perilously barren of
belief. So, he defends the market to defend
his E took of knowledge. And the large cor-
poram enterprise needs the concept of the
market as a cover for the authority it exer-
cises. It has great influence over our mate-
rial existence and also our beliefs. But ac:-
cepti doctrine holds that In all of its be-
havijr it is, subordinate to the market. It
Is merely an automation responding to in.-
struftions thcreform. Any complaint as to
the Use or misuse of power can be met by
the answer that there is none.
Control of prices is an intrinsic feature of
all planning. And it is made urgent by the
spec.al vagaries of the market for highly
technical products. In the formally planned
economies-that of the Soviet Union, for ex-
ample-price control is a forthright function
of tie state, although there has been some
tendency In recent times to allow some of
the power of prices to devolve on the so-
clali3t firm. In the Western-type economies,
comprehensive systems of price control have
come about by evolution and adaptation. No-
bod" willed them. They were simply required
by i orcumstance.
The power to set minimum Industrial
priers exists whenever a small number of
firma share a market. The innocent at the
unit ersities have long been taught that
sma 3 numbers of firms In the market-
oligcgsoly, as It is known-accord to sellers
the same power in Imperfect form that has
anciently been associated with monopoly.
The principal difference is the imperfect na-
ture of this monopoly power. It does not per-
mit the exploitation of the consumer in quite
suck efficient fashion as was possible under
the patents of monopoly accorded by the
first %lizabett- to her favorites or by John D.
RocXefeller to himself.
Bit in fact, the modern market shared by
a few large firms is combined, in one of the
more disconcerting contradictions of eco-
nonic theory, with efficient production, ex-
pan3ve output, and prices that are gener-
ally thought rather favorable to the public.
The consequences of oligopoly (few sellers)
are greatly condemned in principle as being
like those of monopoly-but greatly approved
In ieractice. Professor. Paul Samuelson, titre
most distinguished of contemporary econo-
mis s, warns in his famous textbook on eco-
noncs that "to reduce the imperfections of
competition" (by which he means markets
conicsting of a' small number of large firms
or cligopoly) "a nation must struggle pe:r-
pettEally and must ever maintain vigilance."
Sinop American markets are now dominated
by s very few small number of very large
firer s, the struggle, obviously, has been a los-
ing one and is now lost. But the result is that
the economy functions very well. Samuelson
himself concludes that man-hour efficiency
in the United States "can hardly help but
grow at the rate of three per cent or moire,
evert if we do not rouse ourselves." A similar
con het between the inefficiency of oligopoly
and the efficiency of an economy composed
thereof is present in every well-regarded eco-
nondc textbook. Samuelson agrees that tech-
nology and associated capital use are what
imptove efficiency. But these are precisely
whet require that there be planning and
price control.
Arid here we have the answer. Prices In
the modern economy are controlled not for
the purposes of monopolistic exploitation.
They are controlled for purposes of planning.
This comes about as an effortless conse-
que ace of the development of that economy.
Moc_ern Industrial planning both requires
and rewards great size. This means, n It.
that a comparatively small number f large
firms will divide the production f most
(though not all) products. Each, as a mat-
ter of ordinary prudence, will act with full
consideration of Its own needs and the com-
mon need. Each must have control of its
own prices. Each will recognize this to be a
requirement of others. Each will foreswear
any action, and notably any sanguinary or
competitive price-cutting, which would be
prejudicial to the common interest n price
control. This control is not difficult either
to achieve or to maintain. Addition Ily, one
firm's prices are another firm's costs. So, sta-
bility in prices means stability in costs.
The fact of control Is far more important
than the precise level at which pr Ices are
established. In 1964 in the United States, the
big automobile companies had profits on
their sales ranging from 5 percent to over 10
percent. There was security against collapse
of prices and earnings for firms at; either
level. Planning was possible at either! level of
return. All firms could function atisfac-
torily. But none could have functio ed had
the price of a standard model fluctuated, de-
pending on whim and reaction to the current
novelties, from, any, $1800 to $36o, with
steel, glass, chrome, plastics, paint, tires,
stereo music, and labor moving over a simi-
lar range.
However, the level of prices Is no unim-
portant. And from time to time, in espouse
to major changes in cost-often w pen the
renegotiation of a wage contract prpvides a
common signal to all firms in the in4lustry-
prices must be changed. The prices sio estab-
lished will reflect generally the goalslof those
who guide the enterprise, not of thA, owners
but of those who make the decisior;s. Secu-
rity of earnings will be a prime ojective.
This is necessary for autonomy-for freedom
from interference by shareholders and credi-
tors. The next most important goal will be
the growth of the firm. This is alost cer-
tainly more important than nyaximum
profits. The professional managers a#rd tech-
nicians who direct and guide the I modern
firm do not themselves get the profits. These
accrue mainly to the shareholders. But the
managers and technicians do get the bene-
fits of expansion. This brings the prestige
which is associated with a larger firm and
which is associated with growth s such.
And as a very practical matter, it pens up
new executive jobs, new opportun ties for
promotion, and better excuses for higher
pay.
Prices, accordingly, will be set with a view
to attracting customers and expand' g sales,
When price control is put in the context of
planning, the contradiction between expec-
tation of monopolisti.c exploitation and ex-
pectation of efficiency, which pervades all
textbook discussion, disappears. Planning
calls for stability of prices and costs,. security
of return, and expansion. With none; of these
1s the consumer at odds. Reality has, by its
nature, advantages of internal co sistency
I must mention here one practical conse-
quence of this argument, namely, is bear-
ing on legal action against monopo y. There
is a remarkable discrimination in the way
such measures, notably the antitr ist laws
are now applied. A great corporation wield.
ing vast power over its markets Is ubstan-
tially immune. It does not appear tpp misuse
its power; accordingly, it is left alne. Anc
in any case, to declare all large corSorationc
Illegal is, in effect, to declare the modern
economy illegal. That is rather imprlxactical-
and would damage any President'sI consen?
sus. But if two small firms making Fhe same
product seek to unite, this corporate union
will be meticulously scrutinized. 4nd ver;
possibly, it will be forbidden. Thisl may is
so even though the merged firm is rryy~~dniscul-
In size or market power as oompat ad wit]
the giant that is already a giant.
The explanation is that the mod rn anti
monopoly and antitrust laws are ubstar
tially a charade. Their function I not I
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