UNITED STATES SHOULD REVISE ITS MIDDLE EAST POLICY: PARTICULARLY THE POLICY OF RESTRICTING ARMS SALES TO ISRAEL.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290056-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 56
• Publication Date: October 4, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

, Apar/wed For Re!eel:98%1/11/01 ? QIA-RDP69B00369R000200290056:2
Octob -I
er 4, vo/ ESSIONTAL RECOREt ? HOUSE
many causes for deep concern felt by
millions of Americans.
We have seen our military leaders and
high civilians in_the administration in-
volved in contradictions about the value
of continuing escalation of the conflict
In Southeast Asia,
Then, just a few days ago, we heard
from the President himself a reasonable
argument in favor of a cessation of
bombing in North Wetnam and an end
to escalation?only to hear him turn
that argument into an unreasonable
conclusion in favor of continuing all-
out military action with its attendant
dangers of bringing new combatants
Into the war.
The President, you recall, said:
We recognize and always have recognized
that there can be no military solution to
the problems of Southeast Asia.
Then, twisting that thought in an in-
comprehensible U-turn, he concluded:
Only military power can bar aggression
and make political solution possible.
A little over a month ago, the Secre-
tary of Defense testified before a pre-
paredness subcommittee in the other
body that he had no reason to believe
that North Vietnam "can be bombed to
the negotiating table."
Mr, Speaker, I simply ask this: If
there can be no military solution, and if
bombing cannot bring a political solu-
tion, then why in the name of reason
, and humanity do we not, only continue
bombing, but expand it to greater ex-
tremes?
From the re-actions to bombing pauses,
frequent peace feelers, invitations di-
rectly to Hanoi and through assorted
third parties, it has become apparent
that Ho Chi Minh will not come to the
conference table while our bombing con-
tinues.
'Yet, the President has admitted that
bringing him to the conference table is
our basic aim. I hope that this final
clarification of our objective does not
come too late. It may well be that our
Government's failure to put full empha-
sis on this purpose may already have put
a political solution out of reach.. Surely,
a Continuation of our misguided efforts
cannot make it easier to reach.
Nobody in the free world caaa seriously
doubt our purpose for being in Vietnam.
We are there to protect a society of free-
dom from, a threat of enslavement. Yet,
by our misdirection, we may be destroy-
ing the very society we are determined
to save.
There can be little doubt that the
people of Vietnam want peace. Who can
say that any men, women, and children
who have undergone the pain, destruc-
tion, and chaos of war for so many years
can want anything but to end it?
We must maintainhconviction
among the people of Vietnam that our
purpose is to end the death and destruc- t
tion, and to bring peace and freedom to i
their land, If we cannot do this, then we
risk the result of seeing the people we
are trying to save rushing blindly to en-
slavement because they have lost faith
In. the reasonableness of our aims and b
purposes.
We must not risk the chance that o
whatever, we may win in Vietnam, we will t
lose the war by losing the people to thos
against whom we are waging a bloody
costly conflict.
Certainly, a first step toward achieve
ment of any part of our goal is to put a
immediate halt to further escalation. Bu
that is only a first step, and it is surel
not enough, for without second and third
steps, it is an effort toward continuing a
status quo which we cannot accept in
definitely, and which the people of Viet-
nam certainly do not want.
I am strongly convinced by all tha
has been said?by both the hawks and
the doves, by the administration and its
opponents?that there remains but one
possible course of action if we are to
achieve our good purpose in Vietnam.
We must do whatever has to be done
to bring the only possible solution?a
political solution?closer, if we are ever
to hope for a just and honorable peace,
and an end to the bloodletting and de-
struction.
We know that bombing "pauses" won't
work, because they are outright invita-
tions to the adversaries to hurry more
supplies and more infiltrators, in prepa-
ration for the resumption guaranteed by
the very idea of a "pause."
We know that invitations, urgings, and
dares to negotiation, while the bombers
continue to roar over Haiphong, can have
little result, and no gain.
We now have one course open to us,
and I am convinced that if we do not take
it at once, we can gain little but risk
a great deal. We must cease all bombing
of North Vietnam at once.
The President should immediately an-
nounce a date on which such bombing
will cease completely. His announcement
must not be merely an intention of halt-
ing the bombing, nor a vague statement
of purpose. He should state it in no un-
certain terms?the date, hour, and min-
ute on which all bombing of the North
will stop.
I have repeatedly spoken on this floor
during the past year or more to urge
the administration to take such a step.
I have also appealed directly to the
President for such specific action.
For example, on September 22, 1966,
in the second session of the 89th Con-
gress, I said this:
The President has repeatedly made clear
the Nation's basic commitment to peace.
But, -unfortunately, these well-intentioned
expressions have not been convincing to the
other combatants and much of the non-
alined world.
That is why I feel that instead of con-
stantly repeating our general willingness to
negotiate at any time and anywhere, we
should set forth a format in specific terms.
In effect, the United States would seize the
Initiative in a very dramatic way, challenging
the other belligerents to lay down their arms
and confer at a stated time and place.
The President Should set a specific date,
time and place for peace talks. At the same
ime, he should dispatch invitations to all
nterested parties, including the National
Liberation Front, and announce a cessation
of bombing to take effect 24 hours in advance
of the conference.
1112967
e steps but those leading to the conference
, table.
At the same time, we must recast our
- military approach in the south, aiming
n toward a concentration of our power to
t secure the coastal areas and population
y centers where a vast majority of the
people live. Let us draw in our troops to
stronger defensive positions, protecting
- friendly enclaves. This would result in
a substantial reduction of American
troop strength, and greater security for
t most of the people of South Vietnam.
We must end the costly search-and-
destroy missions, which have gained
little, and concehtrate our influence on
the Saigon government to bring to its
people now?and not at some distant
time of hoped-for peace?the reforms
and improvements in living conditions
they need and deserve.
Eventually, the only real peace in Viet-
nam can come through understandings
among all of the peoples of Southeast
Asia. Peace cannot be permanently ne-
gotiated from the outside, not even by
great powers. The people of North and
South Vietnam, of Laos? and Cambodia,
of all of the involved nations of South-
east Asia must come to mutual under-
standings. This we must stress in using
our influence on Saigon.
As for the peace talks themselves, if
they finally come about, let us have less
concern for protocol and more for
achievement. If there can be no imme-
diate confrontation between the United
States and Ho Chi Minh, then let us have
a meeting of neutral nations as a fore-
runner to real peace talks. Ho would
then have no choice but to move toward
peace.
Let us by any means, and by all means
open to us, strive toward the goal of end-
ing the death and bloodletting, and es-
tablishing a peace of honor and justice.
This is our stated purpose; let it be the
only guideline for purposeful action to
brinz it about.
I still see this as the only means of
ringing about a direct confrontation.
Let us place Ho Chi Minh in the position
f having to "put up or shut up." With
he bombing ended, there can be no other
tThITDrATES SHOULD REVISE
ITS MIDDLE EAST POLICY: PAR-
TICULARLY THE POLICY OF RE-
STRICTING ARMS SALES TO
ISRAEL.
The SPEAKER. Under a previous
order of the House, the gentleman from
California [Mr. CHARLES H. WiLsonl is
recognized for 15 minutes.
Mr. CHARLES H. WTI SON. Mr.
Speaker, I would like to preface my re-
marks by saying that I do not pretend to
be an expert on the Middle East or on
American policy toward the Arab States
and Israel. I nevertheless feel compelled
to make some observations on U.S. policy
in that part of the world.
Last month I had an opportunity, as a
member of the House Armed Services
Committee, to visit Israel and the Is-
rael-occupied sectors of Syria and Jor-
dan. If I were asked to recall one central,
lasting impression of my trip, I would
say that it is the remarkable spirit of
the Israeli people. I need not remind my
distinguished colleagues of Israel's ac-
complishments since her birth as a na-
tion only two decades ago. Were we to
list and describe them all we coulcl r b
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDR9B00369R000200296056-2
p. o -
H E;968
ably fill many volumes of the CONGRES-
SIONA L RECORD.
My speech today, however, is not a
salute to Israel. It is instead a challenge
to those who formulate our Middle East
policr, to those who execute that policy,
and lo Members of Congress, who, under
our lionstitution, are charged with the
resp(?nsibility of overseeing our foreign
policy.
Speaker, I find myself in agree-
men; with Theodore Draper of Yale,_
who, M the August issue of Commentary,
argued that the recent Arab-Israeli war
clearly demonstrated the utter "bank-
rupt7y" of our policy in the Middle East.
The American people were generally
delig hted with Israel's lightning military
victory. They were also relieved by the
outcome. I say "relieved" because
thot ghtful Americans realized that their
GOV:FIT/le/A had virtually no leverage,
either political or military, over the situ-
atioa. It became apparent to all that the
adrrmistration was neither willing nor
able to come to the defense of America's
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : 1A-RDP69600369R0002
CONGRESSIONAL RECO *D ? HOUSE
than the sufferings of the Js." He cites
memorandums from the State Depart-
ment which indicate that Foggy Bottom
was preoccupied with thoughts of Arab
oil. According to President Truman:
The State Department's speeiialists on the
Near East were, almost withOut exception,
unfriendly to the idea of a JeWish state.
Mr. Truman summarizes State Depart-
ment policy as follows:
Their thinking went along this line:
Great Britain has maintaineeA her position
in the area by cultivating the Arabs; now
that she seems to longer able to hold this
position, the United States must take over,
and it must be done by exaptly the same
formula. if the Arabs are antagonized, they
will go over into the Soviet Ca
mine.)
inp. (Emphasis
?
'standing. The
tion persuaded
.Sharm el-Sheik
'pledge that our
sary, come to he
.Levi Eshkol de
in an interview
,Report, April 17
, Rut I would s
,pecially if I take
,solemn promises
:Israel. We get th
? the United State
? "Don't spend yo
Stith Fleet is her
, Prime, Minist
me to still anot
' dle East polio
policy of restric
Well, we have been very careful not to ? The latest exa
antagonize the Arabs. We have given Department's r
them substantial economic and military can firms to s
aid. And yet today the Arabs stand Tae Israel Gov
squarely in the Soviet camp. Because of chase Skyhaw
foggy thinking at Foggy Bottom, this Donglas, but
"policy" of ours has cost the American 'Watch has alre
only, true ally in the Middle East. A corn- taxpayer billions of dollar. i
bini tion of forces, notably a dispropor- Mr. Speaker, the United States has claiming that
tios ate commitment in Vietnam and a given over $1 billion to Egypt and over der "intensive
counterproductive Middle East policy, one-half billion dollars to 7ordan in the? American eq
dra tically curtailed- our options. In past two decades. These estimates, of small fraction
addition, it can be argued that our policy course, do not include Central Intelli- , bility. The Is
of s applying vast quantities of military gence Agency aid to the A/abs, which, I her tanks mai
aid to the Arabs?while denying Israel
the opportunity to buy American-made
mil tary equipment,--contributed to the
out oreak of hostilities.
There is a tendency, I think, to over-
lad z this tragic failure of American pol-
icy' because of the Israel victory. Most
people say, "Everything turned out all
right for the United States, didn't it?"
At the risk of shattering our euphoria, I
woad like to remind my colleagues of the
adMinistration's confusion and indeci-
sio'i during those days of crisis in May
anti June. I would like to remind my
colleagues of the foot-dragging at the
WI Lite House and the verbal gyrations at
the State Department. I would like to
renind my colleagues of the diplomatic
circus in Cairo, where our Ambassador,
- \d en asked about the impending crisis,
replied?as quoted in the Washington
St: ir and the Baltimore Sun, June 15:
"'That crisis? There is no crisis in the
Mi idle East. This thing will not amount to
irn eh. .
[ am not searching for a scapegoat, al-
though several names do come to mind.
Individuals are not solely responsible for in Cairo and State De artment Press lic
as inadequate foreign policy. Our failure Officer Robert McCloskey's unbelievable Policy.
in the Middle East stems from an all-too- comment that the United States was
familiar cycle. A policy is conceived, im- "neutral in thought, woid, and deed.''
pl miented, and perpetuated despite Even more alarming, however, was the THE HARD
clanging conditions and in spite of calls administration's failure , to state pre-
fo r realism and reappraisal. The policy cisely this Nation's position. The White (Mr. HA
-acquires a momentum of its own and House was quick to dissociate itself from WALorn) was
so On the policymakers become the cap- the McCloskey fiasco, but no forthright tend his re
til res of the policy. The policy, by now statement was issued. A major war was RECORD and
nit consistent with and probably con- raging in the Middle East but our leaders ter.)
tre,ry to America's best interests, traps ' were silent. According to Theodore Mr. HANN
ul by limiting us to a few equally dis- Draper, U.S. officials were not at all sure abound cone
taSteful alternatives. what our commitment to Israel was. Mr. truth-in-len
-,
bit fl two-headed from the start. In his had to telephone former tesident Eisen- on Consume
xr moirs, President Harry S 'Truman hower to determine th nature of the resentatives
i
p ). ntedly explains that on the question commitment. sibility to pa
o.` Israel, the State Department was The fact of the matter is that otir closure mea
"1 ore concerned about the Arab reaction commitment to Israel is clear and long- to do so it
,
understand, has been sub antial. What: arms her own.
is worse, we have been tuckered into ?
providing massive military aid to Jor- decision to en
dan. According to the New 1V, ork Times of Air Force, th
January 26, American dollars have per- equipping the
mitted King Hussein?who at this very British sale o
hour is in Moscow soliciting Soviet aid__ other equipme
to increase his army fro 4,000 men in imperative th
n
restricting ar
1948 to 55,000 men tod . Thanks to, r
American largesse, Hussein now has a fxst step woul
06 million defense budget, and before Skyhawks. Isr
the war had 11 infantry brigades, five ts,ry aid; she
fighter squadrons, and abdut 300 modern ernment to sa
tanks-250 of which were American- cannot count
made Patton T-48's. on?
Our policy toward Jordan was designed Because of
to make her strong and self-sufficient, the recent Ar
But this belief, so dearly held at State, occupation w
was shattered by recent , events. When _has been sai
?
the chips were down, JOrdan declared the Near East
war on Israel and broke diplomatic re- today is exa
lations will us. Americafl*. had to watch part of the w
of that Policy
the spectacle of Jordan,' armed to the
teeth win. American weapons, waging Mr. Speake
war against our best friend in the Mid_ :Department
dle East. Jordan's Patton! tanks went up for an "ago
in flames, and so did U.S. foreign policy. 'whole Middle
I have already allude to the chaos ?
that the legi
Speaker
Our policy toward the Middle East has Draper claims that the administration considered b
Approved For Release 2001/11/01
A-RDP69B00369R0002
iseshoWel- Etchninistra-
sraei tonthdraw from
In f957 in returnfor a
th Fleet Indel, if neces-
clefiMe.1=rime yinister
It v1th tais very point
ith:U.S. News az-World
106/1: "
el:7 expecii such help, es-
into 'consiieration all the
that:have 'been made to
se promisls When we ask
fol arIngT and are told:
money. Ilte M.6 here. The
_
r remarks lead
er critichan -Of" our Mid-
: namplyithe corollary
ing arnisiales to Israel.
pie of this is the Srate
fusid to Permit Amen-
11 jet aintraft to Israel.
rr.rnent it eager to pur-
fighterbombers from
the ' Stat4 Department,
dy &upplied Jordan with
's, its feet,
reevVith4wole question is un-
ipment rriakes up a very
f cepa-
1 Air F"Yrce is French,
ly British; and her small
f _
In light -of the French
its SuPPCkt-of the Israel
SoViet nrogram of re-
rabi whit stritS, :and the
Buiater ,g_fighteri-and
t to Jordiiii, think it is
t we junk our policy of
s sales td Israel. A good
be to apgrove the Sale or
el is not begging for mill-
s eiraply itsking our Gov-
ctien arirl Sales. If Israel
n us, v,Th) can she count
he favorible outcome of
b-Israel ,001,r and our pre-
th Southeast Asia, little
about ?a' policy toward
What Ltialre tried to do
the our litrategy in that
rld and ihe consequence*
, to, use a favorite State
ieher, the ? time has come
izingt realipraisal" of our
East- Pelitsr. And I think
atiVe brahch should con-
thotougbi review of that
-
Ti ,k. _
ara' tku
LorDwo.
A OA the request of Mr.
grailteenierniission to ex-
arkel:' at iiiiS-Peitt in the
o include iextrane?bus-Mat-
IsC. Speaker, distortions
ming tilli realities of the
ing legislation "now being
tihrlibqe:'PPOcommittee
Alfdrs. eHQ4e Of Rop-
es 11 -Ver's-p-etitte Irspon-
a ,ineaningful credit dis-
re this sear, but in order
tist Sort lie fact from the
12974 Approved
THE ARAB REFUGEE AND COMMU-
NIST HYPOCRISY
eleaseNdyigloRIARREM893_WAHR0290056-2 October 4, 1967
(Mr. MULTER (at the request of Mr.
WALDIE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
REcoRD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr, MULTER. Mr. Speaker, blatant
hypocrisy is nothing new in the Corn-
muni$ world, but their encouragement
of the Arab, to continue to use the plight
of refugees resulting from the conflicts
In the Middle East as a political football
is disgraceful. Most of the nations of
Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union are
certainly among the worst offenders in
-creating refugees.
In case anyone has forgotten, Czech-
oslovakia expelled 3 million Germans
from homes where they had lived for
Jaaany generations when the Communists
took over that country; Communist Po-
land expelled about 7 million Germans
from Pomerania and Silesia. Similarly,
Soviet Russia has long been known for
Its ruthless uprooting of peoples. One
blatant example was their expelling of
millions of Poles and Germans from the
-frontier areas in Eastern Prussia.
HOW can these countries now condemn
Israel for not solving a problem which
in the first instance is not one that Israel
'created? It must never be forgotten that
those Arabs who have become refugees
did so at the urging of their leaders: This
is true of the Middle East war this year
just as it was true of the war of 1948.
It is interesting to note that so far
neither the Arab world nor the Commu-
nist world has done anything whatever
to aid the Arab refugees, while Israel has
?noW, assumed the responsibility for most
of them ancl invited those displaced by
the 1967 war to return to their homes.
This is, of course, at great risk to the
internal security of Israel and clearly
demonstrates its willingness to express
its humaneness with deeds instead of
words.
(Mr. MULTER (at the request of Mr.
WAtmE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
? Mir. MULTER'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
ROSH HASHANA, 5728
(Mrs. KELLY (at the request of Mr.
WALDIE) was granted permission to ex-
tend her remarks at this point hi the
? RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mrs. KELLY. Mr. Speaker, the festival
of Rosh Hashana, the Jewish New Year,
tomes eaeh year in September or Octo-
ber. This year it falls on October 5, and
Orthodox and Conservative Jews observe
the occasion for a 2-day period, October
5 and 6. This turning of the year is, for
the Jewish people, a time of repentance,
but not of sadness; a time of joyful wor-
ship and hopeful prayer. Typical of the
spirit of this time is the pleasant custom,
whose symbolism is plain to the youngest
child, of eating an apple or other fruit
dipped in honey, as a foretaste of the
sweetness hoped for in the coming year.
To all my Jewish friends; to the Jewish
people of all the world, and especially to
the people of Israel, who are so trium-
phantly surviving a fierce and bitter test,
I wish all the sweetness and happiness
promised by this symbolic taste; and I
join in the ancient prayer that God may
hasten the time when all the people of
the earth shall be brothers, and wicked-
ness and tyranny shall pass away like
smoke into the sky.
VICTORY FOR THE CITIES
(Mr. BARRETT (at the request of Mr.
WALDIE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. BARRE'TT. Mr. Speaker, the press
of the country has been loud in its praise
of congressional action that looks to the
establishment of meaningful model
cities, rent supplements, and rat control
programs. All of them are needed, and
editorials in the New York Times and the
Philadelphia Bulletin have urged favor-
able outcome for these programs which
are considered essential for the health of
our cities. So that my colleagues may
know the content of the editorial, I in-
sert them in the RECORD at this point:
[From the New York Times, Sept. 22, 1967]
VICTORY FOR THE CITIES
The Senate's votes in favor of adequate
funds to start the model cities and rent
subsidy programs add up to an important
victory for the nation's cities. These two
new programs are urgently needed if the
riation is to make headway against the slums.
It Is particularly encouraging that Sen-
ator Dirksen, the minority leader, and six-
teen other Republicans voted for rent sub-
sidies. Last year only five Republican Sen-
ators supported this program. If Represen-
tative Ford, the G.O.P. leader in the House,
and his senior colleagues would similarly
alter their position, the House conferees
would have little difficulty accepting the
amounts voted by the Senate.
The shift of more than forty House Re-
publicans on the rat-control bill the other
day helped get their party off the hook on
what had proved to be an embarrassing vote.
These changes of position on rent subsidies
and rat control show that at least some Re-
publicans recognize that in an increasingly
urbanized nation there is no future for a
party that turns its back on the harsh prob-
lems of the cities.
[From the Sunday Bulletin, Sept. 24, 1967]
SECOND THOUGHTS ON THE CITIES
The Congress these days is a fascinating
study. The House is having what appears to
be a latter-day attack of conscience. The
Senate is doing what it can to remind the
conservative coalition in the House of their
collective responsibilities to the cities.
It was in May that the House conserva-
tives?Republicans and Southern Demo-
crats?fed President Johnson's $662 million
request for the Model Cities program into
the shredder and came out with $237 million.
Then they went on to eliminate the $40 mil-
lion asked for rent supplements altogether.
Summer and the agony and uproar in the
cities seemed to make little difference. It was
toward the end of July that the House voted
down the rat control bill amid derisive laugh-
ter and bad plays on words. The fact that
the bill might not have been in the best
possible form got scant attention or pro-
posals for a better alternative.
The reaction was vivid. The cities have
protested bitterly against the violent ampu-
tation of Model Cities funds and destruction
of rent supplements. On rat control, Presi-
dent Johnson called the House action a
"cruel blow to the poor children," and 112
private organizations, in a joint declaration,
said it was "an act of shocking irresponsi-
bility.
The reaction, evidently, has been effective.
And it is some comfort that it is being acted
upon. The House, on sober and reflective
second thought, has now reversed itself on
the rat bill, this time putting more control
over spending the $40 million in local hands.
But that should not hurt, provided the cities
diligently ensure that the funds do, indeed,
go for rat extermination.
The second thoughts in the House did not
extend to restoration of the Model Cities and
rent supplement funds.
But the Senate may accomplish this. It has
now voted $537 million for the cities bill
and the full $40 million asked for the rent
measure. And if the House members of the
Senate-House conference committee still
have the ear they have lately turned attuned
to urban noises, the story may yet have a
happy and constructive ending.
NEW YORK TIMES APPLAUDS PRESI-
DENT'S SELECTION OF WASHING-
TON CITY COUNCIL
(Mr. ROSENTHAL (at the request of
Mr. WALDIE) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, Presi-
dent Johnson has named a distinguished
City Council to assist Mayor Walter
Washington in governing our Capital
City.
This capable group of dedicated Wash-
ingtonians will, in the words of a New
York Times editorial, "win the confi-
dence of Congress" and the entire coun-
try.
As the editorial notes, President John-
son's thoughtful selection is another step
in the dawn of a new era in Washington
government. With the President's mod-
ernization of the District's antiquated
governmental structure, his proposal for
an elected school board, and the possi-
bility of congressional representation,
-the District is, in President Johnson's
phrase, emerging "into the world of 20th
century government."
I join the New York Times in praising
the administration's selection of Coun-
cil members for our Nation's Capital.
Their choice gives pride to Washington
and to the Nation.
I include the New York Times editorial
of September 29 in the RECORD at this
point:
[From the New York Times, Friday, Septem-
ber 29, 1967]
. . . AND PROGRESS IN WASHINGTON
President Johnson has appointed nine cap-
able, well-qualified citizens to serve on the
new City Council to run the municipal gov-
ernment of Washington, D.C. He has suitably
recognized the Negro majority in the city by
choosing Negroes for five of the nine places.
The avowedly militant Negroes are disap-
pointed that President Johnson did not
select one of them for the council. But if
home rule is ever to become a reality, the
new board's primary task is to win the con-
fidence of Congress and of elements of the
business community that have resisted self-
government in the District. For that reason,
the President wisely decided to err on the
side of caution.
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 t? CIA-RDP69600369R000200290056-2
Octoter 4, 1967
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 :
CONGRESSIONAL RECOR
Mrs. 'owlin is a good mother with a happy
nature. She says her children are content
with th little they have and she evert has
to coax them to go to a movie once in a
while.
"At 14ght, I'm afraid," she confesses.
"They I ave the girls on the street and the
men?they call them pimps. Yes, I'm afraid.
I don't g ce out."
On a table in her small, windowless living
room is'a set of encyclopedias she bought
for the' children to help with their school
work. T ne family takes a weekly newsmaga-
zine as well as a news picture magazine.
These came as the result of daughter Amy's
'filling o ft coupons in one of the magazines.
"Amy' e always sending off those coupons
and we never know what will arrive next,"
laughed the indulgent mother.
There is no resentment of white people
in the Owlin home. If there's any fear it is
for teer -agers in the schools the children
attend.
"Somi of them carry weapons to school
and my, kids have never seen anything like
that bef sre."
Mrs. ltowlin, whose dream is to own her
own hof ne in a nice neighborhood and see
her children educated, has her heroes in both
the Negro and white races.
"Book ir T. Washington is the Negro leader
-I love. , always wrote my essays at school
about bill. Great living men, I'd say, are the
Rev. Hai and Dr. Martin Luther King.
"And then the Kennedy family. I really
love them. All of them. I read everything I
can get irty hands on about them."
Mrs. Marian Burton, now retired after a
brilliant career in social work?Juvenile
Court w. it her last assignment?wonders how
any Neve, person today can be complacent,
can say he is satisfied with what the Negro
Is offerer .
She re olly boils at the thought.
She is downtown daily at the City-County
Building or attending various civic meetings
to protest injustices against the Negro, to
fight for the oppressed.
Sife's me of 21 directors of the Virginia
Park Re ievelopment Committee determined
that whim 12th Street is built up once again,
after th; recent riots, it won't be a prom-
enade ce saloons, pawn shops, cheap furni-
ture stcoes and gouging grocery stores.
A devoted follower of the Rev. Albert B.
Cleage and a tireless worker in his Cen-
tral Uni:ed Church of Christ, Mrs. Burton
seems tC favor the philosophy of the Black
National Ists group. However she does not
belong 10 any particular sect except for a
"small neembership" she holds in NAACP.
A with w, she lives in a comfortable upstairs
flat on rirginia Park, the silken traditional
furniture plumped to the nth degree with
down pi: tows.
With mer are her son, William E. Poole,
a widow( r, and her granddaughter, Ernestine,
23, "the love" of her life,
"There no 'a photograph of Ernestine over
there," I aid Mrs. Burton the other day as
she sat !ri her pretty living room. "She was
hired al,_ the Children's Hospital on the
telephon e. -
"I too E. her there myself. As you can see
she's a dark girl and when she walked in the
hospital people said, 'Are you Ernestine
Poole?' ilhe said she was and that she was
reporting: for work. 'Well, we don't have any
opening i,' they said.
"So w len we talk about racial problems
and the numerous insults we have to take
in the c)urse of a day?not for any reason
except tl est we are black?this, I say, is why
people n bel as Negroes now are doing.
"Durir g my generation I think Negroes
were moll accepting of the situation, didn't
do anything to correct it.
"But in my own social work for instance
I've had fellow Negro social workers say,
'Why do you work with those people?' mean-
ing the disadvantaged of our race. They told
me to get smart and not to talk so much.
IA-RDP69p00369R0002
? HOUSE
"But I've always worked for he under-
privileged and I will until I die."
Mrs. Burton, a graduate of Bri ler College
and Wayne State where she r ceived her
B.A. in sociology, has worked for the under-
privileged white. too. With little jthanks, she
adds.
She remembers one white fa ly in par-
ticular who live in a filthy hovel and whose
daughter didn't have clothes 110 wear to
school. As a welfare worker, at the time,
Mrs. Burton saw that the girl ot clothes
and urged her to bathe and k ep herself
neat and clean.
Not long after that she called a the home
and the parents told her they ha4 sent their
daughter down South to go to s hool.
"We didn't want her going to School here
with niggers," they announced.
She scorns all politicians, febling they
have used her people to reach' office and
_ then failed them by doing nothing to give
the Negro full citizenship.
A lot of Negroes don't vote, saying,
"Why should we??the white people are go-
ing to do what they want anyhow."
But this inf.": the attitude Mrs. Burton
takes. She's urging and organizing Negroes
to stick together, to take an interest in their
governmental representatives.
"You can't call that hate," she says,
"That survival."
Mrs. Burton says that her greatest ambi-
tion was to build a home for Negro working
girls, girls who made such paltry salaries
they couldn't afford a decent place to live.
"The meager sslaries of the past have made
girls stoop to prostitution and Mce they've
started that, they're hooked."
But a Negro prostitute, Cele, Munched on
- a midmorning hamburger in her hOrne on the
east side just a few clays later arid said she
had chosen her profession because she
"likes sex" and:
"Besides owning my own full'y furnished
home, I now have three TV sets, two black
and white and a color set; cloth* furs and
jewels.
"How else could I afford all this? Before
I started walking the streets I worked with
the Department of Parks and Recreation
and after that was a clerk in a record shop."
Cele was bon, in Gloucester, Miss. She's
20 years old and the mother of a four-year-
old son. She became pregnant in school,
stayed out long enough to have he, child and
then went back but didn't grac nate.
Her husband, 26, married her after the
baby was born. They lived together six weeks
and then separated.
"But he says I can come bacl whenever
I want to," Cele said with assur nce.
She says she makes from $70 to $120 a
night on "her oorner" and doesn't have
trouble with the police when they arrest her
betause "I pay them the properrespect."
Some of the other girls use foul language
and get themselves slapped arouhd by the
police, she adds.
She's been picked up for streetwalking
about 25 times :Ince she started a year ago.
Her longest detention was 45 days in Detroit
House of Correotion where she go a chance
to cook, which she enjoys. ,
Cele says her mother doesn't epind what
she's doing; in fact she wished her well when
she left home.
And she looked off into space a moment
when asked what she hoped her four-year-
old son would grow up to be.
Then, she answered, "Well, ever loody says
he's going to be either a preacher 4r a pimp."
She has no race hostilities.
However, the neat, bright-eyil girl in
white uniform and the pert cap o a Harlem
Hospital graduate nurse, Brenda Turner, 23,
said, without too much rancor:
"I'm sure that somewhere there must be
a lot of nice white people but I've never met
them.
"I resent being called 'girl' instedd of nurse
when hailed by white patients 14 the hoe-
pital and as a Negro
a 'little better in e
white counterpart.
"Probably I could
ing tut I'd still fir
hespltals."
This isn't necess
where Brenda now
the satisfaction of h
down a line of nurs
white, and select he
fat isn't that I'm
here are more cone
job done than the
she added.
Brenda's a native
a DS.13 guard. When
new home in the
troit, white childre
unpleasant words
their house.
White she respec
StOkley Carmichael,
Cleags, Miss Turne
Luther King, "the p
Chrie:i an."
"The others," she
0290056-2, ,
1-11-112973
k n.Crve Ihilve:_to be just
rything I 1-clO than MY "
be etirOfe.1.5o_r_bf
Niro in most
fly tine orth_e_hosedtai
ocsIn fit,, she's had
viiig-whitdtectos- look
5 Many Cit _whom were
for 'the_ jol at hand'.
o geiSt but the doctors_
ruled witbl getting the
?ler of a nurse's skin,"
-
DetrOiter,:her_ father is
the amill moved to 3
rtheast septicill. Of_ _De,
on the block printed
t:aCtriot17111..front of
periprmances of
Rap Bretwn and Rev.
also admires Martin
rfecfr example of a true
said, "are More violent
and perhaps violenc he the waY -the Negro
lutist take to win quality. Thu see we're
mit asking white pe ph to love Ms or to live
next door to us. We imply warnli. full citizen-
ship.
"I don't believe i separatioxi,. going back
to Af :tea or living ?n a Irdall trip of land
off the coast of Me ico.
"I .ust want to uy the sarSe home the
white man can, at t shire price he pays for
it. I don't want to be gouged 'because I'm
black."
She grew even mo e serious: ,
"I'm for Black aticenalismi and Black
PoWer but I'm even ore for the Black Dol-
lar. I think the blac man shcatild establish
more businesses an employ black workers
so we wouldn't be ?o dependent upon the
white 'man.
"I also believe mor boycotts than riots.
But I knew in my he rt the riotif would come
to Detroit because of the ilissatiSfaction ever
housing, employmen ,
"I won't say they were condticted in the
right way with Neg oes 'burning their own
homes. If you are a gry at Ulla- white man
then efs the white an You should hurt."
She was asked if she didn'ii think, laws
should be respected by llegroes as well as
white people.
"Laces? What la ?" was ter response.
"Tire white man h bee mal4ng laws for
hundreds of years t t doeseCt enforce.
"We aren't about to hill _people but the
white man must real ze that vree no longer
content with talk. also believe that the
main responsibility i thlripreseint crisis falls
on the Negro. I thin my generletion and my
paren :a' generation ust instill a pride of
race In. the generati n new groieing up.
"I am proud?ter bly proud--to be a Ne-
gri). I wouldn't wan tc be white. The only
time I ever, even orrientarilj', thought I
might consider ma log a whlte man?for
I'nn more attracted Negro me?was when
I Visited my cousin i York
"She's married to n Italian and he's one
of the 'sweetest pe ors I've over known.
Because they are so app togeiher it made
me wcnder if I ever c ulcl .-.-:"- -
But Miss Turner t avels prinduily in Ne-
gro society, having t e oecaslorta -Coke and
sandwich with a w it hiternor a fellow
nurse from the hospi al. -
Tranquil ? passi nate ? seleure ? un-
sure -,- friendly ? h ? patient ? aux-
bolls -- outspoken received intelligent
and ciltured ? poli e rude bitter ?
_
hopeful.
A study of the N gro ivomaits mystique
reveals all these qual ties. -
Only in one way s rang totally and his-
torically different fro :mer whies sister who
neVer wakes up mo nings wortlering what
indignity she'll suffe 'eller day because her
skin is white.
Approved' For Release 2001/11/01 : IA-RDP69B00369R0002
0290056-2
t
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 CIA-RDP69600369R000200290056-2
October 4, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE H 12983
the plane went into a stall and crashed
in a canyon. The occupants were injured
but alive, Searchers came within a mile
of the crash but never spotted it. Dr.
Lovelace, his wife, and their pilot were
frozen to death 5 days after the crash.
I am sure my colleagues read press
accounts of the tragic deaths of the Oien
family of Oregon, whose light plane
crashed op a northern California moun-
tain last March. The family, which in-
cluded a 16-year-old girl, survived the
crash and managed to stay alive for 2
full months before succumbing to ex-
posure and starvation. The young girl's
diary told of the frustration they felt
hearing search planes overhead?planes
which could not see them because of bad
weather and had no other means of pin-
pointing the crash site.
It is appalling to me that the Army,
Navy, Air Force, and Marines have
been using successfully for 3 full years
a simple little device that would clearly
have saved the Oiens and the Lovelaces,
and countless others. This automatic
crash locating unit, developed and man-
ufactured by ACR Electronics Corp., of
New York City, has already saved the
lives of knore than 1,000 aircrews who
crashed in Vietnam. The military unit is
inexpensive, costing only $285 each. I
understand that a similar unit could be
adapted for civilian use for under $100.
Even if the cost were far higher, the price
Would be minimal in terms of the lives
this device could save. The FAA must be
aware of the use being made of it by the
military. Yet, it takes no action. It con-
tin3les to study.
Mr. Speaker, I am calling upon the
FAA to immediately certify an automatic
crash locator and to issue a regulation
requiring its use on all commercial and
Private aircraft in the United States. The
FAA, is studying air safety to death?
literally. It is time to stop studying and
start acting.
MtirfARY ICTA ORS ARE RUIN-
ING GREECE
(Mr. FRASER' (at the request of Mr.
WALDIE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the New
York Times magazine recently published
a penetrating article about the terrible
events occuring in Greece under the mili-
tary officers who revolted and seized
power last spring.
Dictatorship in its shabbiest dress now
rules Greece, the land which gave birth
to many of our most precious ideas of
democracy and liberty. Surely our Na-
tion and ,the other democracies of the
West cannot consider doing business as
usual with this band of men until con-
stitutional government and freedom is
restored.
-I have Unanimous consent to place in
the REcoan the sad story of what this
military junta is doing to the people and
their freedoms in Greece.
The story follows:
rug Artazsrs?How THE MILITARY
ItHLES 8 MILLION GREEKS
(By Maurice Goldbloom)
The military Junta which seized power in
Greece last April 21 is still nervous, but with
each passing day it is less and less vulnerable.
By now, neither a decision by King Constan-
tine to break with it, nor a decision by the
United States to cut off military aid would
automatically topple it, though either would
undoubtedly weaken it.
The attitude of most Greeks toward the
King's role is summed up in a mot that has
been going the rounds in Athens: "In the
Process of seduction, there is a point at which
a girl must decide whether she is going to
remain a virgin. The King has passed that
point with the junta." In his recent ap-
pearances in the United States?in Washing-
ton with the President, in Newport for the
America's Cup races?Constantine has ap-
parently been acting as the regime's envoy.
For its part, the United States, through its
Initial acquiescence, has given the junta the
time it needed to dig in.
- In other words, the junta, though not no-
ticeably more popular, does seem to be more
solidly entrenched. Tht coup was staged by
no more than 200 to 400 officers?out of some
10,000 in the Greek Army. The ability of such
a small group to seize power without signifi-
cant opposition was largely the result of mis-
taken identity. Greeks had long been expect-
ing?and right-wing Greeks had been hoping
for?a coup by a large, nominally secret, but
In fact well-known, organization dominated
by senior officers known as IDEA. But over
the years a small, rival organization of junior
officers, called 1KE:NA, had been growing up
almost unnoticed. At the time of the coup
its leadership included only one general?
Stylianos Patakos, now Minister of the In-
terior?and he had been made a brigadier
only three months before. The group's most
important leader was Col. George Papadopou-
los?who happened also to be the man as-
signed by IDEA to transmit the orders for its
coup to its followers throughout the army.
It was EENA that struck, but when Papa-
dopoulos gave the signal its recipients
thought they were obeying IDEA. Because
there was no organized democratic group in
the army, there was no military resistance.
Because civilian political groups?including
the weak and demoralized Communists?
were prepared only for electoral activity,
there was no popular resistance.
Once in, the junta lost no time in broad-
ening its base of military support. Increas-
ing the officer corps by approximately 10
per cent has enabled it to win the support
of perhaps twice that many officers through
promotions and new appointments. Key
officers on whose loyalty it could not count
were forced to retire. In the army, this purge
for the most part took place immediately
after the coup; in the navy, where the coup
had received almost no support, the junta
moved more slowly. Still, by mid-August
more than 60 naval officers, mostly of high
rank, were said to have been removed, and
11 to have been arrested. >
Arrests, indeed, have been the junta's
most conspicuous activity. The cases of
former Premier George Papandreou of the
Center Union, his son, Andreas Papandreou,
and Mikis Theodorakis, composer of the
score for ''Zorba the Greek," have attracted
worldwide attention, but there are thou-
sands more, and the arrests show no signs
of abating.
The original wave of arrests was based
largely on an army list of suspects prepared
nearly 20 years ago; the conspirators had
been afraid to ask for more recent lists for
fear of tipping their hand. Thus, many of
those arrested in the first sweep were people
who, whatever they might have been in the-
turbulent nineteen-forties, had long since
ceased to be politically active.
Later arrests?which by now certainly out-
number those of the first wave?have been
more selective. They affect all sections of the
political spectrum, including parilametary
deputies, former Government ministers and
several of the country's leading journalists.
They also include a man who criticized the
King in a telephone conversation with his
sister, a bus driver who objected to letting
a soldier ride free and numerous persons ac-
cused of such offenses as having five or more
guests in their home or possessing a mimeo-
graph and not registering it with the police.
Of those arrested at the time of the coup,
more than 6,000 were sent to a hastily opened
concentration camp on the island of Yiaros.
(Some 1,500, most of whom had been ar-
rested because of their official positions
rather than for their politics, were soon re-
leased, though many remained under house
arrest.) The Government has now announced
the opening of a second major concentra-
tion camp on the island of Leros, to which
prisoners are being transferred from Yiaros.
This should be an improvement.
Yiaros is a completely waterless and barren
island, swept by high winds. Before the coup
it had an old and unused prison, with cells
for a few hundred persons. When the de-
tainees were dumped on the island, the
prison was used to house some of the women.
The other prisoners were housed in tents, 25
to a tent, grouped in three camps.
Some weeks later, at a time when the Gov-
ernment claimed to have released about a
third of the prisoners originally there, it
announced plans to construct reservoirs on
the island which would make it possible for
each prisoner to receive 15 liters (a little less
than 4 gallons) of water a day. Clearly, the
water supply during the first several weeks
must have been basely enough for drinking,
let alone sanitation.
Later, other ameliorations were promised.
These included an improvement in the diet,
which was said to have consisted mainly of
beans, and the opening of a canteen at which
prisoners could purchase additional food and
other small necessities. Some of these im-
provements may have taken place. It at least
appears reasonably certain that the canteen
was opened?since underground channels
reported a few weeks later that it had been
closed again.
There are inevitable gaps and time lags
in information on conditions in the various
places of detention, since Yiaros and most of
the others have been barred to journalists
and foreigners. A representative of the Inter-
national Red Cross has, to be sure, been
permitted to visit them. But in accordance
with the normal practice of that organiza-
tion, his report was submitted only to the
Greek Government, which never made it
public.
The Government did, however, release a
letter in which the Red Cross representative
asked on humanitarian grounds that the 250
women confined in the old prison on Yiaros
be transferred elsewhere, to accommodations
more appropriate to their sex. (The circum-
stances of this release were such that one is
impelled to wonder if the Government really
desired to give it wide publicity. In the
Greek Government press office, official re-
leases are normally laid out on tables, ar-
ranged in the order of the numbers which
they bear. They are available in Greek,
English and French. This release had no
number, it was not with the others, and it
was available only in Greek.) I have seen
no report indicating that such a transfer has
in fact taken place, although the women
may be among those now being moved to
Leros.
If conditions on Yiaros have improved in
some elementary physical respects, it ap-
pears that they have recently become worse
in other ways. Some 250 of the "most dan-
gerous" prisoners are said to have been segre-
gated from the others, and to be confined
to their quarters 20 hours a clay. During the
four hours in which they are allowed out,
the other prisoners are confined, in order
to prevent any contact between the two
groups. And the three camps on the island
are kept isolated from one another.
These changes probably result from the
regime's disappointment at the failure of the
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69600369R000200290056-2
11'12984
pr*,--yaers to break down under its pressure.
A xmdition for release is that the detainee
sign a pledge to refrain from "antinational
an A anti-Goevrnmental activity." Few polit-
ically significant prisoners have been willing
to sign, regarding it as dishonorable.
:41terior Minister Patakos complained to
mi "Some of them are getting more hard-
en 4 instead of reforming. They have orga-
niiied by tents; a leader for each tent, and
a irroup leader for each 8 or 10 tents. They
ha ve a president for each of the camps, and
a ,[pneral commander for the whole island.
Tr ey have collected 250,000 drachmas [a
lit le more than $8,000] among themselves,
foi 'what purpose I do not know, but I am
sive It is not a good one."
.k.a one of the "Communist" leaders of the
ha:'dened prisoners, Patakos mentioned Di-
mi trios Stratis. When I remarked that the
78. fear-old Streets, a veteran trade-union
leader and leftwing parliamentary deputy
wr Om I know well, was not a Communist,
Pa takos replied: "He calls himself a Social-
ist -but he is a Communist. In Preece, we
ha kie right people and wrong people. All those
wYp are against the country are Communists.
St, 'ads is a Communist in his heart and his
wcrks. They are all liars."
Fiaros and the courts-martial which hand
t. sentences of five years for writing slogans
on *ails and eight years for lese-majeste are
not, the Government's only instruments of
ml imidation. Some Greeks beyond the
13o -tiers have had their citizenship revoked?
intAt notably, the actress Melina Mercouri,
wr o seems to have come out ahead on the
ex bange.
Piny persons regarded as potential trou-
blemakers have been taken to police stations
an I badly beaten, as a warning, without be-
ing formally arrested; this treatment has
been most often used on students and other
yce mg people. The security police have
visited private employers with lists of "un-
reliable" individuals who are to be dis-
ch irged. Many people have had their tele-
phones removed because of their political
vie ws; all have been discouraged from talk-
inc?politics on the phone or writing about it
to friends by the knowledge that phones are
lik sly to be tapped and letters opened.
hit the junta has not relied on terror
aline to consolidate its position. Rather, it
ha; systematically endeavored to entrench
its alf in every aspect of Greek life. On the
na;ronal level, despite the existence of a
nominally civilian Government, an army
off Ger plays a key role in every ministry?
in some cases as minister, in others as secre-
te; y general, in still others as a political corn-
mi 'akar without official title.
Fhe tenure of civil servants has been
ab >halted; many have been removed for their
icla as, and all have been ordered to pledge
their loyalty to the regime on pain of dis-
ml ersal. The purge has not been confined to
suoh politically sensitively departments as
the police, where 118 high-ranking officials
and police doctors were dismissed in mid-
At. gust. (Others had been ousted previously,
individually or in smaller batches.) It has
even affected the-director of the Byzantine
Museum, an internationally known scholar.
ItOcally, the regime has destroyed the sys-
tez . of nonpolitical nomarchs or district ad-
mi aistrators, whose establishment American
ad users once regarded as one of their major
acitlevements. More than half the nomarchs
hare been removed; most of their replace-
ma nts are army officers. While asserting its
betel' in the decentralization of authority,
the Government has removed large numbers
of elected mayors and local councils and re-
pia Ced them with appointees chosen in
At. lens.
ir'or has it confined itself to the govern-
mental sphere. It has seized control of the
Orthodox Church. It has dissolved hundreds
of private organizations and removed the
oft ders of numerous others, including bar as-
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69400369R0002
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- HOUSE
1
added that th Prerfaier iliran.ed by the-Hing
. would still ha e to receivl the support of a
raajority in Pa liament. iii.adeted that_these_ _
Ideas were mer ly bang cqnsielered very ten-
tatively; the o e poiht onVhich the Govern-
ment was deter inervitialhactlierieVirofr--
stitution mus cure all he fauhs Of the
existing syste . Amirised lof this statement,
one diplomat r marled: `41'hat,t's easy; all he
has to do is oh nge eight Million Greeks."
t Whatever ki d et ?Constitution may emerge
from the corn itleihttne t)reilblem of imple-
mention will s ill rItralajti4t7r lieMbraSsY ap----
pears to rely o the41ing,:and Patakos?the
member of th jullte wIto ?is regarded as
most susceptib e to the Maumee of thepaI-
ace?to promo theirestotation of a consti-
tutional regim . PaIrjekos,trowever, does not
seem to have ny such iitention. He-told
me: "We are ot ifiteresi el in elections; if
'we were, we w uldiirt hale Made a. reVolut-
non. This syst rn Op ha vp now is . the lieSt
system, becaus whitt- we le.ave noW-WIThaire
achieved with he people'li siipport so there
is no need for e eel ic iis._Wirha,ve_ mcreSerious
problems than lest:170TP; VIA we have done
we did in orde to a.chievricertain aims, and
when we have ermyoct thesAmi;_th-dn W-e" '
will have tim foll ,,eledIOXia...._ _,Yre- are
frank people. e mis not 1 ,rs,arid-vdo not
-
want to make false-electl na the way they
Co in Russia wi la 98per ce tr-Itherefore there
will be no elect'
But even if Matters cci,kld be induced to
, support a prom t reourn ti cori-stituattoriality,
it is unlikely hat 'lie Co cl'acedinplish it.
Unlike Colonel Peaatiopou os who o.anized
the coup, Pata os trppeirtra.tOt rs
have little taT-
ent for conspir cy cip pblitical infighting. He
seems a basica ly cliperit 11' 11,1Zeitsitive.Plant
whose political naivete is ffrnost -incredible.
(He is responsi le fdr inosifOf the pronounce-
ments which ave .t.rouglit -ridicule on the
junta?the ba s on rninialtirts,_ beards, long
hair, etc.) A oldiffr of peasant origin (a
brother is sai to 'be ea WOrAing on the
roads in Crete ? he i?ose a owly through the
ranks for 37 ye rs, becomflIg a-brigadler gen-
eral and comm ncleof tint-tank school three
months before the CRAM. inly then does he
seem to haveearl ,broutt into the con-
spiracy?becau e tire tai Si he controlled
were necessary to its SUCiess. One suspects
that he joined partly. _bectilse of resentment
at the establis Marro?Civil and military?on
which he bla ed lits -slaw _promotion (he
talks with obvi laa bitternESS-of the 10 years
he lingered as a Ifetiterillit colonel), and
partly because e really balieves the moralis-
tic slogans to 1141 _othap in _ the-_dovern-_
raent pay lip se vice,: - --4 - -- - - -- --
In any sho dowdbetiteph Petakos, _ an-cl?
Papadopoulos, the 'Iltitteir seems -tar More
likely to be t e victor. trwleed, the other
members of th junta mat in any case drop
Patakos when hey ,reel_s_tiong enough to do
,so. He might .ven end ul CM Maros. :If he
should, I wou ? not expir hint to sign a
declaration in rd or :to ob lain bis releaSe. _
But if the j nta does dot seem likely to
give up power oluiltarilyi,there are factors
which may ev ntharly lead to its downfall.
One is the di et.ity of ietting competent
personnel to w rk for it. ;The population Of
Greece is abo t thP same as that a New
York City, an thia _proptortion of trained
personnel is m eh bower ir one_ eliminates_a_
majority of t e pdp-Ulatiton?and a much
larger majorit Cf 'the 'tell educated?on
? political groun s, it becontes? difficult to find
competent peo le to. -iniportent positions.
Moreover, man whprri tk , jlinta mit_ be
willing to appo nt dOnot v rit to serve under
present comfit ?no; ,in calf instance_ it has
.tad to draft a retiriad offiSial into the army
, in order to ma e him -assume:a top poit in a
, ministry.
This difilcul Inv exglairtsome of ttfe
_ . _...
peculiar appoi trnelfts _tht_ Government has_
t made. One, pa iculltrly sibmge for a regime
, which talks in ter/14 of zliOral regeneration,
is that of Con tatittne Tan Os as SeeretarY
-
,
sociations, agricultural cooperatives and the
Jewish community.
The United States Em.blassy in AthenS
clearly does not like the reghne, though most
Greeks regard it as responsible for the coup?
an opinion the junta assiduously encourages.
(A skeptcal friend remarked to me, after seer
ing one of the coup leaders in action, "No*
I believe what you say about the Americans
not being behind the coup; they'd never have
chosen these people I") But the Embassy also
regards tha present Governn ent as a lesser
evil than i4 revolt against I, and has there-
fore placer. its hope in pers ading the junta
to practice self-denial and restore democ-
racy voluntarily. Its influ nce is limited,
since the junta now feels pertain that the
United Slates will continue military aid
whatever ?riappens. (Some Iweeks after thp
coup, the 1I.S, did cut off certain items, esti,
mated by the Defense Department at 0
percent of the total.) :
Nevertheless, the Embassy and State DeL
partment ste great cause or optimism in
the appointment of a committee of jurists
to draw up a revised Constitution by the
end of the year for submission to a plebiscite(
This is supposed to lead 10 a speedy and
orderly restoration of const tutional govern-
ment. ?
This assessment appears to contain a large
measure of wishful thinking. The group
named to draw up the new Constitution in-
cluded a few persons of some distinction, sevl-
eral conservative nonentities and a few with
rather unpleasant reputations. But the mem-
bers were riot consulted before their appoint-
ments were announced, and Some of the best-
known have refused to serv. . :
The Government's influe ce on the delib-
erations of the committee i not likely ;to bp
cast on the side of democr tic institutiona.
While Premier Constantine V. Kollias haS
said the new Constitution will be only
slightly changed from the present one, jour-
nalists close to the junta have called for
much more drastic alterations. Among thp
suggestions offered are a ban on political
activity by anyone who has ever cooperated
with the extreme left, a req Irement that all
candidates have loyalty cer ficates from the
security police, and the exclusion from office
of anyone who has ever h ld foreign cid-
zenship.
The first of these provisions would not
only bar all those in the United Democratic
Left (EDA), a party which contains some
hard-core Communists butlso a wide range
of non-Communists. It wou d also ban most
members of Papandreou's C nter Union and
a number of people now oi the right?in-
cluding some ex-Communists who hold office
under the junta or are a ' ng its advisers.
(For example, Theophylaktis Papaconstari-
tinou, whom the Governme t has placed iii
charge of the press, is a fo mer Communist
theoretician. So is the edi r of Eleftheroe
Kosmos, the newspaper wifely regarded aS
closest to the junta.) ?
The significance of the sedond is shown 14
a story told by a friend who had served as an
officer attached to the general staff, One of
his duties was to investigate the qualfficar
tions of officer candidates. yn the dossier of
one he found a report from the Security
Police: "A is a dangerous Etubversive, being
closely associated with the politician Con-
stantine Rendis." At the tithe of the report,
Rendis, who belonged to the light-center, wa
Minister of Public Order an the superior ot
,
the police official who wrote it. :
The third proposal is airsed primarily at
Andreas Pspandreou, a former American cid-
zen and the man on whom nlllions of Greeks
rest their hopes for their co ntry's future. ,
When I asked Patakos what constitutional
changes the Government would propose to
the committee, he mentlond none of these
specific ,points, although le referred in a
general way to changes in tile qualifications
of deputies. In response tq a question, he
. .
IA-RDP6900369R0002
.1
020005?
October .4 1967
Aipd36red For Release 2001/11/01 :,CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290056-2
4,
October CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? ROUSE H 12985
General of the Ministry of Coordination and
Alternate Ciovernor of the World Bank., two
of the most important economic posts it had
to fill. Mr. Thanos was, a few years back, re-
jected for a teaching post at the University
of Athens because it was discovered that the
thesis he submitted in support of his applica-
tion Was a Verbatirn plagiarism from a memo-
randuin by Prof. Benjamin Beckhart of
Columbia, The incident is not the only one
of its type in Mr. Thanos's career.
But the Government may, well feel that
it cannot look too closely into the moral
credentials of anyone who can help it solve
Its economic problems, for these are very
great, and almost certain to increase. At the
beginning of June, Greece had short-term
debts of about $20-million more than its of-
ficial gold and foreign-exchange reserves.
(Some $100-million in gold sovereigns, the
purchase and sale of which were used to
stabilize the currency internally, did not ap-
pear in the official reserves. The exact amount
In this fund was secret.) And Greece's three
principal sources of foreign exchange?emi-
grant remittances (about one Greek worker
in five is employed abroad), tourism and
shipping?all seem likely to drop sharply
this year, as does foreign investment.
In addition, it is almost certain that a
loan of about $100-million which had been
promised by the European Economic Com-
munity will now be postponed, if not can-
celed. Nor have the financial prospects been
Improved by the resignation of the interna-
tionally known economists Xenophon Zolo-
tas and Michael Pesmazoglou as Governor
and First Deputy Governor of the Bank of
Greece.
, ?
No wonder that a former minister says of
Col. Nicholas Makarezos, who as Minister of
Coordination is in charge of economic policy:
"lie's the only one of them who thinks seri-
ously about problems; that's why he always
looks worried." The colonel's worries seem
likely to come to a head within the next six
Months. By that time, the Government is
widely expected to run out of cash. (It is
already asking for U.S. economic aid.) It may
be Ole to -renew credits as they come due,
simply because creditors will prefer to keep
their loans on the books instead of pushing
theni into default. But without new credits,
which seem unlikely, there will have to be
drasticOnport restrictions mid currency con-
trols; there may be a devaluation of the
drachma 411,41 a sharp reduction in the stand-
ard of living.
The political repercussions of such a de-
velopment are unpredictable. It may be that
the opposition will still be too disorganized
,to take advantage of the situation, and that
the Government will be able to ride out the
crisis. But it is also possible that students?
who are difficult to control because their
leadership is always being renewed?and
workers returning from northern Europe,
where many of them have already organized
against the junta, will by then form the
basis of an effective resistance movement.
And if the regime is not able to keep up the
standard of living of the armed forces?.
particularly the officer corps?trouble could
come from that quarter.
Such a situation could conceivably result
in a countercoup. Or the junta might turn
to a foreign adventure, particularly in Cyp-
rus. This past summer, there were sounds
from Athens of a new drive for enosis, the
union. of Cyprus with Greece. (They pro-
duced no sympathetic echoes among Greek
Cypriotes.)
Or the regime might seek to rally popular
support by swinging in a Peronist or Na-
tional Bolshevist direction. There are already
some signs that it is considering this option.
One is a decree prohibiting any Greek, in-
s:hiding employes of foreign companies and
international organizations in Greece, from
getting more in salaries, allowance and pen-
Sions than the Premier receives?about $18,-
000 a year. (The junta issued a decree rais-
ing the galaries of Cabinet ministers sub-
stantially, but forbade the press to mention
it. Some days later another decree was issued
reducing the salaries?but to a point well
above their previous levels. The reduction
was then publicized, without mentioning the
previous raise.) It has also raised pensions
for peasants by about two-thirds. And Agri-
culture Minister Alexander Matthaiou's first
radio address was not only filled with leftist
phrases, but was couched in a form of the
Demotiki (the popular language, tradition-
ally championed by the left as against the
Katherevousa or "pure" language backed by
the right) so extreme that it is regarded as
the trademark of the Communist party and
shunned by everybody else. A move in this
direction might also take on an anti-mon-
archical aspect; not all the members of the
junta regard the King as indispensable.
It might seem strange for a rightist gov-
ernment to move in this direction. But the
junta does not represent the traditional
Greek right, rooted largely in property and
birth. Its leaders are men of lower and mid-
dle-class background. They may hate the
left, but they have no love for the conserva-
tive establishment.
INSURANCE COMPANIES PLAN SLUM
INVESTMENT THROUGH RENT
SUPPLEMENT PROGRAM
(Mr. FRASER (at the request of Mr.
WALDIE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, President
Johnson's efforts to develop creative co-
operation between private industry and
Government is bearing fruit. A major
breakthrough in this effort is the recent
announcement by the chairman of the
board of Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.
that the life insurance companies of the
country have pledged a special effort to
work toward alleviation of the problems
of the central cities. Their pledge takes
the form of a $1 billion investment in
improving housing conditions largely
through the Rent Supplement program
Which the President is urging Congress
to extend.
The Minneapolis Tribune of Septem-
ber 17 commented favorably on the in-
surance companies' commitment to the
improvement of life in the Nation's
cities, and with permission granted I in-
clude the Tribune editorial in the
RECORD:
A ONE-BILLION-DOLLAR COMMITMENT
TO BETTER CITIES
"There is a great feeling that the attempts
to do something about the urban problem
have been mainly speeches, programs and
committees," said John S. Pillsbury Jr.,
president of Northwestern National Life In-
surance Co. "The people who are suffering
say, 'Let's see some action.'"
The life insurance industry announced
last week a $1.-billion commitment to action.
The money will be invested in housing and
job-producing industries in the poverty
areas of the cities. Twin Cities-based North-
western National Life and Minnesota Mutual
Life Insurance Co. each has agreed to invest
up to $5 million in this way. Other com-
panies that do business in Minnesota prob-
ably will add to the slum-investment cash.
The industry action is an example of the
enlightened self-interest we have been urg-
ing to help solve the problems of our urban
society. In the short run, in this period of
tight money and high interest rates, the in-
surance industry could find more lucrative
investment opportunities. In the long run,
however, that industry and the economy will
benefit from the uplift of the poor.
The action also is an example of how the
government can encourage private business
to become involved in such problems. In
this case, the federal government can take
some of the risk out of the investments
through rent supplements, mortgage guar-
antees and other measures. We hope Con-
gress comes through with rent supplement
appropriations.
For Minneapolis, the additional money
should provide more financing to buy or
rehabilitate inner-city homes. It might fur-
nish capital for landlords to fix up their
property to lease to the city for scattered-
site public housing under a rent subsidy
program. It could speed up development of
new housing in the Grant renewal area on
the North Side.
We applaud the insurance industry and
look for more examples of such major in-
volvement in the great urban crisis of our
times.
(Mr. FRASER (at the request of Mr.
WALDIE) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. FRASER'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
COMPULSORY LOAN PROPOSAL
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of
Mr. WALDIE) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, on
September 20, I addressed this body on
the desirability of an involuntary loan
from each taxpayer of 10 percent of his
tax liability instead of the proposed 10
percent surtax. I said that the sur-
charge idea was advanced by Economist
Harold M. Somers, of the University of
California at Los Angeles.
I was pleased to note in today's letters
to the editor section of the Washington
Post that Professor Melville J. Ulmer, of
the University of Maryland, has also en-
dorsed the surcharge as an effective way
to halt inflation.
Professor Ulmer points to the dangers
of the present stalemate on anti-inflation
legislation, and to the inherent flexibility
of the surcharge as a tool to combat both
upturns and downturns in the economy.
Mr. Speaker, I wish to include Profes-
sor 'Ulmer's letter at this point, and I
commend it to the attention of my
colleagues:
COMPULSORY LOAN PROPOSAL
Recent price increases could be only a
modest beginning to a sharp inflation in the
year ahead, if the official forecast of the
Council of Economic Advisers is correct. Yet,
despite abundant debate, decisive action of
some kind to counter the upward trend of
prices does not seem imminent. In fact for a
year and a half, while the consumers' price
index climbed by fully five per cent, the Na-
tion's economic policy has called to mind
nothing so much as a mesmerized bird,
frozen in the glare of an onrushing snake.
Underlying the recent indecision, however,
are three formidable obstacles that are not
easily surmounted. First, only the blissfully
innocent place unqualified faith in economic
forecasts, official or otherwise. There are
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290056-2
II 12986
Approved For_Release-2-001/11/01 : IA-RE)
CONGRESSIONAL RE
er LaSeurrents on the horizon and six months
film now; by the time a promptly enacted
ta. increase could take effect, economic activ-
it3 could be moving downward. The tax
change, in that event, would just deepen the -
re,:eSsion.
secondly, the heavily taxed American
blic has been less than enthusiatic about
the Administration's proposal for a 10 per
ce at increase in the levy on incomes?a fact
net. lost on members of Congress. Thirdly,
those who eye with proper skepticism the
niece program, the huge public investment
in supersonic aircraft, the superfluous troops
maintained in Europe, and some similar
'toms in the Federal budget, wonder why
Public expenditures cannot be reduced so
that a tax increase would be unnecessary.
6ut meanwhile, nothing is done. And the
pa obability that the official forecast is right
cannot be discounted, and ought not to be
ig :wed.
'To break the stalemate, the present
w: 'her wishes to offer a proposal that would
blorek inflation promptly, if it develops, and
yet meet the objections of those who oppose
tr e administration's tax increase. The pro-
is that each, taxpayer be required to
/Old the government an amount equal to 10
pL.r cent of his tax liability, the sum to be
repaid with five per cent cumulative interest
al the end of three years. The loan would
Ipear, initially, as a surcharge on tax
nubility, and would have much the same
cILliationary impact on the Nation's spend-
ir g as an outright increase in taxes. As a
lean with interest, however, it would be less
plInishing to the taxpayer. It should also,
therefore, be more palatable to Congress.
The use of this compulsory loan technique
his one other highly important advantage.
Ii must be acknowledged that the forecast
fcr further inflation could be wrong, and
ti present proposal can easily allow for this
p tsibility. Although the taxpayer's loan is
rominally for three years, the President
shOuld be empowered to repay the loan in
fi at any earlier date, if desirable. Hence, if
haziness activity turned down, the loan
vnauld be promptly refunded with all the
fects of an expansionary tax cut?but with-
?t the interminable debates and delays that
o'dinarily attend changes in tax rates.
'The plan proposed here is based on the
oreed savings" theory? of John Maynard
11 aynes, offered as a means for financing
World War and a similar scheme Bug-
g:Steel by Harold M. Somers of the University
oil California, at Los Angeles. The plan is not
n Leant as a substitute for cutting low priority
ems from the Nation's budget. These should
ils reduced or eliminated regardless of what
ihicione to taxes. The plan is not designed as
a 'substitute for ending oil depletion allow-
ances or for closing other tax loopholes.
D evertheless, we may be waiting for some
t me for such commendable achievements.
Meanwhile, the present economic situation
r ?quires prompt and forthright action. Adop-
t.ora of the cennPulsorY loan Plan would
enable us to take it.
What I refer to, of co rsi, ia the an-
nounced plan to mobiljze the vast re-
sources of private industry so that it
might wo.:k, along with our Federal Gov-
ernment, to assist in finding jobs and to
provide the proper trainirr for the many
thousands of what we cal our hard-core
unemplo2., ed.
As Secretary of Labor !Wirtz said the
other day, "jobs are the live ammunition
in the war on poverty, and the right kind
of jobs ale jobs in private employment.'
He made a distinction between on-the-
fob training as compared with institu-
tional training, pointing ut that on-the-
job trainl.ng is the best Iind of training
for the hard-core unemployed. And of
cause this on-the-job tr4.ining can only
come through the coopertion and par-
ticipation of private ent rprise.
The Federal Government will incref4
its assistEince to the private sector of onr
economy in order to generate a large-
scale response from this sector in creat-
ing new job opportunities either in exist-
ing plants already located near the cen-
tral cities, or in plants to be built with
some form of Government assistance. In
other words, the Government will help
relieve tt,e private enterprise firm of the
extra expenses it will incur in the proceas
of training and placement of the hard-
core unemployed.
I will not attempt to go into all the
technicalities of the new Plan but I would
like to make two points: '
First,] don't think thiS is a radical de-
parture Zrom the Government's pattern
of efforts to help solve the hard-core un-
employment problems. Rather It is a nat-
ural extension of the overall concentrated
employment programs of the major cities
which has been so successful in enlist-
ing the cooperation of private employers.
Second, I am fully confident that
American private enterprise can lick just
about any problem and, in partnership
with the Federal GovernMent under such
an imag: native program I am confident
that this pressing problem of the hard-
core unemployed will at last be solved.
I ani proud to note that San Antonio is
one of the cities selected for this pilot
program.
I look forward to seeing this prograln
implemented and I hope that our private
sector will rally to the call and give it all
it has got.
- PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND
TROGRESS
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of
r. WALDIE) was granted permission to
E*tend his remarks at this point in the
Pliscoaa and to include extraneous mat-
t tr.)
'Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I want
to take a moment to .congratulate the
President of the United States, the Sec-
ietary of Labor, the Secretary of Corn-
Merce, and others who have come up
4Vith what I regard as a most imaginative
Program in our constant struggle in the
1 he war against boverty?
,
SAN ANTONIO YOUTH FAIR
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of Mr.
WALDIE) was granted permission to ex-
? tend hi:, remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, on Sep-
tember t9 and 20, a distinguished gr01-11)
of San Antonio citizens once again staged
a trerne adous Youth OPportunities Fair
in the historic Villita Assembly Hall.
It was our community's way of helping
its young to find their way, to discover
their "n iche" in life, if possible.
I would like to share With you and My
colleagues the report of Mr. Roy A.
Broussard, the fair's manager.
unique and 0 t6ta
:I3en Singlet?
Eugene Sal on, , _
George Purv's,
B. Roser, Alv
Augusto Vid
Abrego, Har
Rudy Guerre
A. C. Sutto
Alvarado, G
13ently, Mite
Gross, Bill H
Bailey, Dudl
Elizondo, S.
Casso, Judge
Martin, Jr.,
Johnson, D.
Jr., W. L. Fla
Dolores Bra
? Smith, and C
Mr. Brouss
YOUTH OPPORT
?ar,:is
i7e:
no 1..ez? ttilvEl_Fialea-1nr4E.
ylesEjuJrancsis, ; sF: Lifh, IIT'e r1,11eXt
Deekard
, KIDUel ttli.i.z Ibanez Rey'
Ann W itehead, Joe V.
Lu. Pe Gibson, William.
acela Aftmons, Cl
; Dr. Rev. Henry A.
LIcbEinvi}ty0
t . , Cl: 3rdi it ao snL:, Joseph 3 ca citra?rtin'' .j; J... . 1 N r ioFjhracenel ntininroreieyies:
11, Re
ainifs- A. ..?f
6/, Jake ariguez -C1
its.i
At 2:30 on
19, 1967, Mayo
the Second A
in San Antoni
mony were a
nitaries, appr
and the majo ity of schetaI superintendents
representing an Anton co 's fourteen__ (14)
independent s hooltistri
It was a ty ics,l, warm:and sunny day as
the mayor "b stee the ceremonial ribbon
made of news ? aper wantIads?on fob opor..
tunities. Littl did the audience realize that
hurricane Bu lar. 'fas tes_play a major role
during this s cone- ann.41 career ArdOrrna-
ton program.
In spite of the rain, "rind, and general
turmoil instig ted by thd fierce old gal, the
second annua Youth Optortunit3r Fair was,
nonetheless, t err endously duceesaful.
In spite of the lonstafit rainfall and se-
vere weather ews toull4ns, some h.fty-five
lords Alvarez,arksGri
ar10 s Cue lye
IT '8 re130,:lt iS as foilOWS?
N E-RING;IIN----'rTaliE
:
WIThIteNr :T i0 04 A C m
the afte
f 13Ge bRe -
, Texas. the opening c Opportunity
of 'peal and
ximittely 400 :- !tate dtg-
Fair
s cAllister opened
nuai you
.0
young
young peal-ate,
organizations had exhibits as-Sembled In the
vinita Assem ly vcceliont jRclwa-
tion of the c mraitted elncern of the com-
munity of Be as (kaunty;? for its population
of young peo le. _
To not lis eacla or Riese exhibitors in
this report would eertahtly be an injustice:,
to list every single ex/abitor is definitely \
justifiable, as well as a 'number indication
of the gratit ?0 felt by the Advisory Coun-
cil of the Yo tl qpportqnity Fair, Inc.
Hence, the era z1411 Barites ariel-conifneffels
each of the f llowffig eXtaltors who Played
a magnificent role in brilIging careers within
reach.
EXHIBITORS 1'!67 You-rid- OPPoRriviirrY_ FAIR
MYSINVIs -
IBM Corpo ation. -
Braniff Int rnationah _
Southweste n Bll Te4p/tOne- ?tornp-eiMY-.--
Friedrich R
Precision an_ifeteturi&g Company.
Sears, Roeb ler aridopany.
Joske's of etas
Coca-Cola ottlIng Crinpany.
Travelers I surrilleZ Company.
United Ser ices Auto0We Association.,
Frost Nati eal liault
National B nr icos4nerce.
Handy-An , Hnq. I -
Texas Ins ar cLa Field Men's Association.
San Anton' ? Hotel arid Motel Association.
Baptist Me
Robert B.
Santa Roe
Southwest
San Anton
I want to salute Mr Broussard and ciety.
members of the advisory council which
planned the fair for the wonderful work
and dedication which they gave to this
Approved For Release 2001111/01 :
-
_
oda]. Hospital.
re ersliosp (tel.
Meclical Center.
eicad Metitodist Hospital.
o IHictrict etlygienist So-
VEILII*BNT AGENcS_
City of Sa -
City Publi Service BUrd,
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69600369R000200290056-2
C)ctober 4 1967
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
Cide treaty, for example, specifies that per-
sOns convicted of genocide be sentenced to
death or life imprisonment. This interferes
With normal court discretion.
But consider this in connection With all
the treaties. The only nations that have not
approved one or more are these: Bolivia, the
Maldives, Paraguay, Spain, Togo, the Union
of South Africa, Uruguay, Yemen?and the
United States of America. Fine company we
keep!
BAAR1IED IMAGE OF
KING XftYsSEIN OF JORDAN
Mr. GI:LIMNING, Mr. President, events
In the Middle East since May have seri-
ously tarnished the image which King
Hussein had, sought to build in the eyes
of the people of the United States.
The image which his imagemakers had
sought to convey was that of a moderate
ruler seeking to stave off attempts by
his fanatical Arab neighbors to pull him
off his throne while the King, in turn,
sought only to make economically viable
a desolately, backward country.
The truth is that King Hussein has
through the years been Propped up on
his throne by U.S. dollars?over $436 mil-
lion through fiscal year 1966 to be Aact.
Without that economic and military aid
there would have been no King Hussein
sitting on his throne in Aronlan. Neither
Would, the airtificially created nation of
Jordan, have continued to exist.
The reason advanced by the State De-
partment for all this aid to Jordan was
that King Hussein was a leavening in-
fluence in the Middle East?that without
King Hussein's moderating efforts in that
area of the world the often expressed
hostility of the other Arab nations would
erupt into a military attempt to carry
Mit their threats to drive Israel into the
sea.
That fanciful image was destroyed by
King Hussein's actions during the 6-day
War in the Middle East.
It can be said, in the light of the events
Which took place 4 that time, that
Whatever grief lies ahead for ,King Hus-
sein and the people of Jordan was
brought about by their own willful
attions.
On May 31, 1967, King Hussein went
to Cairo to sign a so-called defense pact
with Egypt which provided that?
In case of the commencement of military
operations, the Chief of staff of the United
Arab Republic Armed Forces will assume the
direction of operations in both countries.
In an interview on June 2, 1967, King
Hussein, belying the image of modera-
tion which he had sought to project,
stated:
Our increased cooperation with Egypt and
other Arab States both in the Rast and in
the West will enable us to mare/a along the
right road which will lead us to the erasure
of the shame, and the liberation of Pales-
tine. This is a cornerstone of our policy.
On June 5, 1967, Israel offered King
HUssein an honorable way of staying out
of the impending military conflagration.
The Prime Minister ,of Israel sent a mes-
sage to King Hussein through the United
Nations representative in the area, Gen-
eral Odd Bull, in which King Hussein
was told:
N
We shall not initiatt, any action whatso-
ever against Jordan. However, should Jordan
open hostilities, we shall react with all our
might and he will have to bear the full re-
sponsibility for all the consequences.
Jordan's reply to Israel's conciliatory
offer blared forth from Radio Amman on
the morning of June 5.
At 9:15 a.m. on June 5, 196i, Radio
Amman carried the following call to
arms to the people of Jordan:
Free citizens, heroic sons of Jordan. The
hoped-for moment has arrived. The hour
which you longed for is here. Forward to
arms, to battle, to new pages of glory. To
regain our rights, to smash the aggressor,
to revenge!
At 9:58 that same morning Radio
Amman exhorted:
0 Arabs, wherever you are! Hit everywhere
and hit till the end. The end of Israel is in
your hands. Forward, soldiers, to victory. Co-
operate wherever you are. Fly, 0 eagles,
o heroic pilots.
Less than an hour later, at 10:45 a.m.,
King Hussein went on Radio Amman to
tell his people:
0 brethren, wherever you are stationed
along the lengthy front! Be certain that our
forces and the whole Arab nation will meet
the test and Mach the target. The decisive
battle has started and I hope it will soon
end in the victory which we all pray for.
These are not the words of moderation
and peace which the image built for
King Hussein in the United States would
have led us to expect.
These are the words of an aggressor?
of the leader of a nation who had never
laid aside his intense determination to
destroy the neighboring nation of Israel,
the only oasis of freedom and democracy
In the desert of Arab backwardness in
the Middle East.
Moreover, secret orders to the Jor-
danian commanders captured by the Is-
raelis called for the extermination of
every man, woman, and child in Israel.
And yet this same King Hussein, who
spurned the olive branch of peace when
it was offered by Israel and chose in-
stead the ways of ruthless war, is seen
today fluttering from Moscow to Wash-
ington, hat in hand, seeking more weap-
ons to support his continued aggressive
intentions against Israel.
The time has come for the United
States to view King Hussein realistically
and not through illusory, rose-colored
glasses. Further economic and military
assistance to Jordan should be stopped at
once and should not be resumed until
Jordan has agreed to sit down at the
peace table with Israel. If King Hussein
chooses to squander his country's meager
economic resources on armed aggression
rather than on its economic development,
he should not be supported in these rash
endeavors by U.S. economic and military
assistance.
But above all, the people of the United
States should appraise King Hussein for
what he really is: a backward Arab mon-
arch more interested in military aggran-
dizement than in peace and who has for-
feited all claims for further support from
the taxpayers of the United States.
RIOTS, SLUMS, AND BANKING
Mr, BBOOKE, Mr, President, a highly
significant speech was delivered last week
to the American Banicers Association
S 14175
convention by the senior Senator from
Utah [Mr. BENNETT], who serves as the
ranking Republican on the Committee on
Banking and Currency. His speech is
justly receiving wide national attention.
The distinguished Senator struck a
vital note in calling upon America's
bankers "to assume major, new leader-
ship roles in helping to bring the needy,
downtrodden slumdwellers back into
the mainstream of American economic
life." He rightly pointed out that solu-
tions to the problems of poverty cannot
be worked out on a mass basis. Poverty
is personal, and the solution must be
found one person at a time, one job at a
time, one step at a time.
Senator BENNETT?WhO speaks author-
itatively through many years of close
association with the banking world?
expressed his deep concern that two ways
of life have existed side by side in this
country for 30 years: the way of free
enterprise, and the way of welfare. He
said:
We will never solve the problems of the
poor of 1967 until we can move them out of
the half-world of government support and
make them part of the real economic world
we call the private enterprise system.
To help to achieve the urgent goal of
breaking down the attitudes which sep-
arate the poor from the rest of American
society, Se/Mbar BEENNETT asked for new
public relations programs to acquaint the
Nation's poor with the proper uses of
banks as savings and credit institutions,
and to encourage Negro college students
in particular to enter the banking field.
I feel that Senator BENNETT'S speech,
entitled "Riots, Slums, and Banking,"
should receive the wide circulation of the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I ask unanimous
consent that it be printed in the RECORD,
together with a complementary article
entitled "U.S. Job Training Plan Heart-
ening," written by David Lawrence, and
Published in yesterday's Washington
Evening Star.
There being no objection, the speech
and article were ordered to be printed in
the RECORD, as follows:
RIOTS, SLUMS, AND BANKING
(Speech by Senator WALLACE F. DEmsrnrr, to
the American Bankers Association Con-
vention, September 25, 1967)
Charles Dickens, in the opening paragraph
of his classic novel, A Tale of Two Cities,
gave us with uncanny accuracy an excel-
lent description of America's present do-
mestic dilemma:
"It was the best of times, it was the worst
of times," he wrote. "It was the age of wis-
dom, it was the age of foolishness. It was the
epoch of belief, it was the epoch of in-
credulity. It was the season of light, it was
the season of darkness. It was the spring of
hope, it was the winter of despair."
If you are in the mainstream of our Amer-
ican economic system based on private prop-
erty, which rewards individual enterprise
with the increasing comforts of a growing
production of an explosively expanding econ-
omy, it is the best of times. But if you con-
sider those who are outside this system's
mainstream and the number who are on
government welfare, it is the worst of times.
This government-centered program for the
care of the needy has been with us for a
third of a century, and to its authors and
advocates, this promised to be, in Dickens'
words, the age of wisdom. Now even some
of its friends are admitting its failures, thus.
branding it as the "age of foolishness."
Approved For Release 2001/11/01: CIA-RDP691300369R000200290056-2
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 ' CIA-RIQP69B00369R0
14176 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENA
N00290056-2
? Thirty years ago, all America was groping
In a season of darkness. So far as the value
,opr private enterprise system was con-
cerned, it was an epoch of incredulity, a
winter Or despair. This was not our first
depressiOn, but in the earlier ones Americans
came through on their own courage and re-
sources, and With the help of their families,
neighbors and friends plus unorganized
county help. Even when the going was rough,
they- never became separated from the sys-
tem. But this, time, taking advantage of the
fact that the faith of many faltered, astute
politicians stepped in and offered an attrac-
tive affernative?gOvernment welfare. Since
then the two ways of life have existed side
by side, and both have groan.
Our economic indicators record that the
benefits of our free enterprise system are
at an all-time high, to be shared by those
who participate and contribute.
In the second quarter of this year, our
gross national product exceeded an annual
rate of $773 billion, and disposable personal
incoine reached an all-time high of $540 bil-
lion, Dis3ributed equally over our popuIatfon,
- this amounted to $2,716 annually for each
man, Woman, and child in this country.
Corporate profits both before and after taxes
reached new levels. Non-military employ-
Ment surpassed any previous mark, as 76
Million of our citizens were gainfully em-
ployed. Unemployment, according to the lat-
est figures, is at a satisfactory rate of 3.9 per
cent orCa'Seasoratly adjusted-basis. We have
more rhOney, more ptirchasing power, More
education, more of the things that make life
pleasant, and more savIngs than ever before
in history. Commercial banking has partici-
pated in and contributed to this growth and
VOW hag a total of $834 billion in loans and
Investments. Truly, in many respects, this is
the best of times,
In the face of this evidence, one might
COnelUde that related, problems of social and
eCeildniie weakness would be at an all-time
low.17nfortunately this is not true. The basic
problems of the depressed 30's have survived
and even flourished in the shadow-world of
governifient welfare.
Although the number of individuals and
lainiliesewith incomes below the poverty level
has dropped steadily as prosperity has in-
creased throughout the last three decades,
the number of public relief welfare rolls has
coritinUfici to increase at What is to many an
alarming rate. Three decades ago, there were
just over 3 million persons receiving govern-
ment welfare payments. Today, that number
has inceeasesi to over 12 million, The dollar
outlay for welfare payments has increased'
over eight-fold during the period until today
? it is over $5 billion annually : What is star-
tling is that some individuals have never
known any other way of life. Their parents
and grandparents lived on public welfare,
-
and they have be-en brought up in this same
environment, depending on these payments
for their livelihood. True, there are among
these dependent on welfare many who would
prefer gainful employment, but they have
been squeezed out of the labor market be-
cause their skills and education do not qual-
ify them to earn today's minimum wage
reqUireinents.
Along with this increase in the number of
welfare recipients, we have seen a tragic in-
crease in crime,' divorce, bankruptcy, ille-
gitimacy, slum housing, alcoholism, and drug
usage. It is surprising to know that there are
six serious crinaee committed each minute in,
this eountry.-Crime has skyrocketed 62 per
eent?.in the liet six years alone, while the
poPulation has risen hy-onIY nine per cent.
There ip more than a murder every hour, a
-burglary every 2? seconds; and an auto theft
every 67 secondP. Personal bankrupt-dee in
fiscal 1067 were 191,729, compared with about
40,000 per year during the depressed thirties:
Illegitimate births were at a- rate of '7 per
thousand umnirried women in the child
bearing years of 15 to 44 years of age, three
decades ago. Today, the rate is more than
triple at 25 per 1,000 unmarried women in
that age range. Alcoholism is increasing an-
nually and drug usage is becoming almost
cominonplace.
While these earmarks of a corrupt society
are not limited to those who are outside of
the mainstream of American affluent life,
they are more prominent among those
groups.
We are beginning to accept the fact that
there is a definite correlation between unem-
ployment, lack of education, slum housing,
and crime. Latest unemployment statistics
indicate that the unemployment rate among
non-whites is twice what it is among the
white work force. In 1960, 46 per cent of the
non-white urban population lives in unsound
housing compared with 14 per cent of the
white nrban population. Crime by non-
whites is at a significantly higher rate. On
a per population basis, the incidence of
murder is 5 times as great among non-whites.
Forcible rape occurs 4 times as often; rob-
bery incidence is 5 times as great; prostitu-
tion occurs at a five to one ratio and
narcotics violations at a three to one ratio.
All th-se sad statistics strengthen the evi-
dence that the recent rioting has been largely
by those who are not participating in pro-
duction and ownership in our system.
In a way, then, we've seen the concept of
Federal paternalism come full circle and
grow in the process. It has preserved the eco-
nomic misery of the 30's and added to it the
deeper suffering of older and more over-
crowded slums, and the breakdown of the
family, the current expression of which is
hatred, crime, rioting. Even the systern's
friends are beginning to realize that it has
failed, as revealed by these very recent state-
ments made in the Senate and on the record.
Let me quote just a few statements from
some of the Senate's most liberal members
and from one of the most vocal of civil rights
spokesmen. Here's one statement by a re-
cently elected liberal Democrat:
"In the midst of these riots, and all this
difficulty, one of the problems is obvious,
that our promise and our claimed achieve-
ments did not match the substance of what
We did."
Here are five others, by other liberals:
1. "Thirty years ago, it was the private
-system, the private sector of the economy,
which had failed. But now, after 30 years, it
is the government welfare system which has
broken down." ?
2. "For these same 30 years, we have had
categorical welfare programs---yet every year
we seem less able to help people off the wel-
fare rolls into positions of dignity and inde-
pendence."
3. "The antipoverty efforts ... have proven
to be an effective curse. I see these paternal-
ists coming into our cities under the guise of
community developers, and they are an ef-
fective menace."
4. "We have had misplaced good will, mis-
placed kindness, and programs which bring
relief rather than bring rehabilitation and
recreation in human terms. They are not an-
swers to our urgent plight today..."
5. "I would underscore the fact that mas-
sive doses of the same old things will only
lead us more aggressively to national self-
destruction."
It is hopeful that many in Congress have
finally come to realize what has always been
obvious to some, that government paternal-
istic control and handouts, instead of en-
couraging people to get off relief, actually
tend to attract more to welfare as a way of
life, and once in this pattern to cling to it.
This is particularly true for the program for
aid to dependent children, which, for as long
as three generations in some families, has
made the rearing of illegitimate children a
Source of income.
. , .
With this realization has come a challenge
to -try- to break this vicious- circle, and new
pr9grams are being enggested for the transi-
tional period. One common concept is to add
October
4,
1967
some form of training to Many existing pro-
grams, including this same program for aid
to families with dependent children. In ad-
dition to such other expensive War on Pov-
erty programs as the Job Corps and the Com-
munity Action set-up, these mothers are
going t3 be pressured into some sort of
training. This idea will require still another
government program for the day-care of chil-
dren whose mothers are being trained.
In theory and in spirit, this training-by-
government approach is commendable, but
if past experience is any guide, the training
will take place in a vacuum, unrelated to a
specific Job, unless such a job is, in turn,
supplied by government.
What I have said about jobs is also true for
government soluti as to the problem of
housing. We have had low-income housing
programs for three decades and yet over 40
per cent of housing in many sections of our
cities is being categorized as substandard,
dilapidated, and unhealthy. Federally-pro-
.vided public housing was a natural partner
of Federally-financed welfare cash income.
But neither has met the essential spiritual
need a person has to manage his own affairs.
This can only be satisfied when those slum
dwellers who wish to do so can have a chance
to have an equity in their own homes.
At best, all programs initiated by govern-
ment include some significant degree of
continuing Federal control or supervision of
the persons needing help, which means that
after al we are still only making different
patterns in the same old circle. Referring
again to my point that we have in the United
States two separate economic systems spiral-
ing together, with a minimum of overlapping,
It is clear to me that we will never solve the
problem of the poor of 1967 until we can
move them out of the half-world of govern-
ment support, and make them a part of the
real economic world we call the private
enterprise system. That this can be done is
demonstrated by the fact that many trapped
in the 30's fought their own way back and
have shared in the free economy's rewards.
While it is easy to agree that this is desir-
able, it should also be clear that government
can never provide the leadership needed to
bring it about. In the first place, many men
in government have themselves never been
a part of the productive side of our free
system, and therefore do not understand or
trust it. This is evident from the criticism
which has been leveled against the student
loan program that banks have tried so hard
to make successful even at some cost in
profit. Yet it is being assailed as a bonus to
bankers and it is suggested that direct gov-
ernment loans should replace the guarantee
program. Another example of this mistrust is
a flood insurance program which has been
approved by the Senate Banking and Cur-
rency Committee. The program is set up to
use private industry to the maximum extent
with Federal Government reinsurance for
catastrophic losses. There were accusations
that the program represented a guaranteed
profit to industry with government taking all
of the risk and that the program should be
replaced with an all government program.
Moreover, there are also man; whose political
careers have been built the concept that
the votes of people who are dependent on gov-
ernment can be mostly easily controlled.
So the responsibility falls upon the men
whose faith in our free system, and under-
standing of its processes, have made them
leaders in it. Only these men can actually
develop programs which will bring the out-
casts in?provide the jobs, the specific train-
ing, and the proof that the free system can
provide greater incentive, security, and satis-
faction than the government sheltered one.
It is a sad commentary that life in the
government welfare compound has produced
one or more generations of economic illiter-
ates, economic cripples, and economic agnos-
tics. The so-called self-appointed authorities
on consumerism, including many in govern-
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69600369R000200290056-2
October 3 lApproved For FLeisiampaOklAiLat: RM3ittP.9.131tp?t6jp00200290056-2
disaster. The United States has contrib-
uted substantially to refugee assistance
programs to help displaced persons from
many countries including India, French
Indo-China, present-day Vietnam, Chile,
Turkey, the Congo, China, Hungary, and
East Germany. In my own area of south
Florida the United States has contrib-
uted substantial assistance to aid refu-
gees from Communist Cuba.
In addition, since the end of the Sec-
ond World War, the United States has
made some substantial contributions
both through the United Nations and
unilaterally to aid tremendous numbers
of refugees throughout the Middle East
area. Following the end of hostilities in
the Middle East last June, the United
States immediately took steps to pro-
vide assistance to hundreds of thou-
sands of new refugees in that area. I am
sure that many in the House of Repre-
sentatives are interested in the tremen-
dous effort which this country is making
in that area of the world, and for that
reason, I quote the text of a note from
the U.S. Mission to the United Nations
to the U.N. Secretary General which was
made public on August 30, 1967:
The Representative of the United States
of America to the United Nations presents
his compliments to the Secretary-General
of the United Nations and has the honor
to reply to his note of July 10, 1967 drawing
attention to operative paragraphs 8 and 9
of General Assembly resolution 2252 (ES-V)
dealing with humanitarian assistance and
requesting information on the measures
taken by the United States Government in
the light of this resolution.
The United States Government responded
immediately to the basic needs of the per-
sons displaced by the recent conflict by air-
lifting an initial 5,000 tents to Jordan to
provide temporary shelter for the homeless.
In addition, the United States has airlifted to
Jordan 5,000 more tents and offered blankets,
household utensils and stoves to help relieve
the hardships in the are. The offer of blan-
kets and household utensils have not yet
been accepted and these items have not yet
been furnished. The total cost of the tents
and other items and their transport to Jor-
dan by air is estimated at approximately
$1,675,000.
It will be recalled that the United States
pledged for the support of the United Nations
Relief and Works Agency a contribution of
$22.2 million for the year ended June 30,
1967. The pledge included $13.3 million in
cash and $8.9 million in foodstuffs. At the
time of .the outbreak of hostilities in the
Middle East, the last shipments of these
foodstuffs were on the high seas enroute
to the Middle East. In some cases vessels
were forced to discharge their cargo in Med-
iterranean ports because of the inaccessi-
bility of Middle East ports. The United States
Government arranged for the onward trans-
portation of these cargoes destined for use
by UNRWA and bore the extra costs of stor-
age in transit and trans-shipment.
As the Representative informed the Secre-
tary-General in his letter of June 29, 1967,
the United States made a special contribu-
tion of $2 million in cash to UNRWA to help
Meet the emergency needs of victims of the
conflict. Subsequently, the United States
informed the Commissioner-General of
UNRWA that it would provide 24,000 metric
tons of wheat flour and 1,200 tons of vege-
table oils for use in UNRWA's relief services
during the next several months. The world
market value of these commodities, includ-
ing transportation to Middle Eastern ports,
aMOunts to approximately $4,284,000. The
United States Government expects shortly
difficult. In spite of the handicap of a paucity
of information, enforcement officials still do
a remarkable Job of tracing those committing
bank crimes---but the persistent penalty of
Oar information compounds the important
task of conviction. Lack of fingerprints, posi-
tive identification or Possession of known
identifiable stolen currency results in ac-
qtlittals.
Tongher rules of evidence in today's courts,
cOupled with conflicting or insufficent identi-
fication, must certainly turn loose hardened
and experienced criminals who very probably
will try their luck again.
Is bank crime the other banker's problem,
or is it truly one that should concern you and
m,e? I believe that we ought to share a
fraternal belief that a crime against any
bank is a crime against all banks. Certainly
the premiums of our blank ,t bonds repre-
sent a composite assessment of the cost of
these crimes.
As individil,als and as institutions, we share
the increased burden of law-enforcement in
our present society. Every one of us must
shudder and decry the shame of ruthless
criminal activity which results in death to
bank officers, employees, and customers.
Are we doing erlough to make a real con-
tribution toward prevention; apprehension;
cOnviction of people wha prey on our banks?
A considered judgment would indicate we
are not.
We are notably deficient in the installation
of complete We
devices and alarm
equipment. e do not avail ourselves of
booklets and films for employee information
and training, which are available from law
agencies and insurance companies. The ad-
visory help from, the FBI and other agencies
is not drawn upon by individual banks or
groups of bankers for instructional and in-
formational purposes.
'Even when an education and hold-up drill
program has been Institut , in our banks,
personnel "refreshers" are not frequent
enough to keep Pace with employee turnover.
,Comparative statistics prove that, where
an aggressive crime prevention program has
been introduced in a given area, the inci-
dence of bank crime?particularly hold-ups?
diminishes dramatically. The individual bank
and tb.e banking system are direct bene-
ficiaries whenever your bank and mine intel-
ligently use known preventive measures and
protective devices against the crook who
wants to "do business" with our banks,
....B..2algajdal REFUGEES
(Mr. FASCELL (at the request of Mr.
PaYoa) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, one of the
Most tragic consequences of the brief
but bloody war in the Middle East has
been the desperate plight of the hun-
cheds of thousands, of refugees made
homeless by the fighting.
Those displaced by the recent war are
adding yet another dismal chapter to
the tragedy of over 1 million people who
now live in the Middle East without per-
manent helter, any sources of livelihood
or any dependable food supply. The
United Nations' Relief and Works Agency
estimates that the recent ghting added
more than 330,000 new refugees to the
pre-war total of one and a quarter mil-
lion refugees then in the area.
Ever since, the inception of the United
Nations, the United States has stood
ready to aid that organization in its ef-
forts to relieve the suffering of refugees
from wars, political strife, and natural
H 12903
to make a second allocation of commodities
to UNRWA of about the same magnitude.
In late June, the United States Govern-
ment transmitted $100,000 to the American
Red Cross for contribution to the Interna-
tional Committee of the Red Cross for the
latter organization's activities on behalf of
the victims of the recent hostilities.
The United States Government also pro-
vided funds estimated at $40,000 for the
shipment, by air, to the Middle East of med-
ical supplies (antibiotics and vitamins) do-
nated by the American Red Cross to the In-
ternational Committee of the Red Cross.
The United States Government is also con-
tinuing to donate, at rates prevailing prior
to the outbreak of hostilities, foodstuffs to
American voluntary agencies for their pro-
grams of assistance to needy persons in the
Gaza Strip and on the West Bank. The value
of such commodities at world market
prices, exclusive of transportation cost, is
approximately $1,779,000 annually.
The United States is keeping the emer-
gency needs of those persons affected by the
recent hostilities under constant review and
will cooperate fully with intergovernmental
and non-governmental organizations now at
work in the area as well as with the govern-
ments directly concerned.
THE JOHNSON ADMINISTRATION'S
ACHIEVEMENTS FOR URBAN
AMERICA VERSUS THE REPUB-
LICAN VOTING RECORD
(Mr. ANNUNZIO (at the request of Mr.
PRYOR ) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, in each
of the four messages on the cities he has
submitted to Congress during the past
4 years, President Johnson has warned
that we cannot become two people?the
suburban rich and the urban poor.
He urged us to begin planning and
building today to keep pace with an ur-
ban population that will double in the
next 40 years; and he emphasized that
while we do not possess all of the an-
swers to urban problems, we must move
quickly "to make right what has taken
generations to make wrong."
I would remind my colleagues that
when Lyndon Johnson assumed office 31/2
years ago, efforts in the poverty program
were sporadic, unorganized, and under-
nourished. Since that time, the Johnson
administration's efforts in the war on
poverty have steadily mounted.
This year alone we are spending over
$25 billion on jobs, health, education,
housing, and other urgent programs for
the poor.
The record will show that 2 million
Americans, as a direct result 'of these
Government programs, have been moved
over the poverty line.
Four million slum dwellers have ob-
tained needed assistance from neighbor-
hood centers.
Four million older Americans have re-
ceived hospital care under the social
security amendments?in 1 year alone.
In short, during its first 2 years, the
war on poverty has benefited more than
9 million Americans. And this is just the
beginning.
In addition, nearly 1 million Ameri-
cans have participated in the Manpower
Development and Training Act programs
Approved For Release 2001/11/01 : CIA-RDP69600369R000200290056-2
-
1112904 Approved ForMattiNwril NBP69 0814?aR0002 t
02900 S-
eo er 3 1967
Jar'
bo develop new skills that leads to new
job opportunities.
There was no such program under the
last Republican administration. There
cVas no poverty program either. And
;here is simply no comparison over the
sfforts made by the Republicans to help
wr cities with that of the Kennedy and
Johnson years.
? Those Republicans who are now charg-
ng that this administration is reneging
? On its commitment to the urban poor
have obviously neither consulted the
record nor conferred with their col-
agues in the House.
The record is clear: No administration
.n. American history has created more
;ound and effective programs for the ci-
,ies than has the Johnson administra-
Aon.
And the record will show that the Re-
oublicans in the House have voted over-
Vhelmingly against each and every one
?>f these proposals.
Just in this session, the Republicans
n the House have voted to eliminate all
'unds sought for continuing the rent
;implements program. They have voted
'to reduce by two-thirds the funds re-
I ijuested for model cities. And it has cut
iy $5 million the President's request for
tsearch in urban technology.
? This is the party now criticizing the
'?resident for not doing enough? The
4merican people must be forgiven if they
,Lte slightly incredulous.
? All told, some 30 legislative proposals
'or the urban poor have been enacted by
.71ongress over the past 31/2 years. All of
hem have been strongly opposed by the
,ifouse Republicans.
This Is the record. And those Republi-
mns seeking political advantage from
?he tragic events of this summer cannot
.m allowed to bury the bones of their
mrty's dismal voting record on the cities
.n. the Democratic backyard.
At this very moment, Congress has un-
ler consideration 14 pieces of major leg-
slation to help our cities build a brighter
Future.
Let us see how the Republicans in Con-
tress will vote on these measures. Let us
, neasure the degree of Republican sup-
port in the House against some of the
411ticisms voiced by a few Republican
eriators that the administration is not
lioing enough. I think the evidence will
1>e conclusive about which party is the
lioers for urban America and which is
he haven for the perennial obstruction-
its.
If the Republican Party wants to pose
at the city dwellers best friend, let them
;latch their voting record with their
laleged commitment,
In the meantime, Lyndon Johnson's
I'cord of achievement to help the Amer-
1
lean city remains unmatched and un-
'Waled by any group or faction.
The record speaks louder than any
IKAitical words.
,LNOTHER ESCALATION BY REAGAN
(Mr. RESNICK (at the request of Mr.
PeyoR) was granted permission to ex-
lend his remarks at this point in the
UrcoRn and to include extraneous mat-
t ar.)
Mr, RESNICK. Mr. peaker, Governor
Reagan is at it again. Instead of concen-
trating on the problems of his State and
his own administration the "fastest gun
In the West" is hysteri ally trying to set
Foreign policy from Sa ramento.
In his latest, scenari , the hair trigger
Governor, after threat ning to use nu-
clear weapons to bring bout a final solu-
tion to the Vietnames war, tells us he
favors expanding the w r with an Amer-
ica,n invasion of North Vietnam, if only
the mil lary will give t e green light.
Gove mor Reagan a ts upon impulse
While rmsoned men recognize the dan-
gers of a wider war. The Governor acts
calmer men re-
is attempting to
ithout irration-
ntrance into the
om ignorance of,
asic foreign pol.!
North Vietnam
III, but simply
ce of South Viet-
:
The Governor should stop making rash
and in esponsible fore gn policy state-
ments and content hiri self with bailing,
out his own ship in Ca ifornia. The last
thing we need are poli ies which would
blow us all back to "Depth Valley Days."
i
HOW GIANT CO-OPS PRESSURE
TAXPAYING BUSINESSES
(Mr. RESNICK (at t e request of Mr.
PRYoit) was granted pernlssion to extend
his remarks at this poi t in the RECORD
and to include extranedus matter.)
Mr. RESNICK. Mr. Speaker, during
my ad hoc hearings into the activities of
farm organizations, testimony was pre-
sented by a number of people which shed
light on the business activities of farm,
organizations. Many of these businesse.s
operate as tax-exempti ()operatives and,
over the years, have u dergone tremen-
dous expansions into ew fields?fields
which are only partially related to agri-
culture. The regulatio-is under which
these tax-exempt cooperatives operate
gives them a great advantage over the
private taxpaying businesses that they
compete with, and is putting them under
tremendous economic pressure. Many are
being driven out of busi ess.
On August 31, Mr. Frank Silkebaken,
an independent oil job r from Iowa, de-
livered testimony whi h provided an
Illuminating insight into the problems
that the expansion-minded cooperatives
are creating for independent busineSs-
men. Ur.der unanimous Consent, I present
at this Lime the statement of Mr. Silke-
baken:
STATEMENT OF FRANK M. pILIKEBAKEN, BELLE
PLAI sTE OIL CO., BELLR PLAINE, IowA
Mr. RESNICK. These hearings will now come
to order.
1,
We will hear from Mr. ilkeba.ken.
Is there anybody with y u that you would
like to identify as being ere with youZ
from frustration, whil
alize President Johnso
achieve a just solution
ally provoking Chinese
war. Mr. Reagan acts f
or indifference to, our
Icy goa ?not to destro
and provoke world wa
to insure the independe
nam.
Mr. SILKEBAKEN. Yes. I refer to a gentle-
man, a fellow Iowan, E. F.Bock from Garner,
Iowa. I also have with me, representatives of
the National Oil Jobber 6 Council here in
Washing ,on, Mr. Wilfred H. Hall and Mr.
Charles Hartman. I have as a personal guest
of mine my son, Dennis,
Mr. RE3NICK. Thank you,
Mr. SL,KEBAKEN. Good fternoon, gentle-
.
- - Approved For Release 2001/11/01 :
men. My na 6 14 FraUt L Silitebaken, and
I am an in ePona.ent IglIcibber _from Belle
Plaine, Iowa I am hereavpreSenting the TO0
independent oil jobber4 in_ Iowa, nwier _the
auspices of t e Iowa Independent Oirjela-bers
Association. s o.l jobtOrti we ate wholesale
distributors of gaSOlinC heating oil, other
petroleum p ocluer-1, an tires, batteries and
accessories t Naaous ?witnesses and retail
customers w th ri-our Utite. With me today
Is another I wa oLl job*, Mr. Ed Bock, who
is a past prsldelit of tprr 1'07_4 association.
Mr. RESNI K. Vtllif I tourz3sitren With
the Iowa In epenclent ICH -.robbers Assoc- ia-
tion?
Mr. Sr.,KE MI6> I aur a member, sir.
Mr. RESNI K. u arI officially represent-
ing them?
Mr. Smux Alt
Mr. RESNI it? Please li*Coadi? _
Mr. SILKE AKEN. Thil testimony is mace
In the emits t atitoda5.:,s needs by the Fed-
eral Govern ent71.0 dillect additional tax
revenues. Or Prisiclent has suggested a 10
per cent sur ax offitadirlittials and COrpOlia-
tions' incom taxes thigjeTirc-Weleel strong-
ly that if t e GcvernnAnt -needs additional
revenue to nanae its-to-granas, it should
first explore ur cpateniton_that cooperatives
who have -
initial tax-fr e, status should be taxed at the
same rate as hosetusintsses with whom they
regularly co pet. - - =
The total mitt brrefeniteil that could
be realized y otio-perati-Ve -ear-
porations lik other corlOrations are taxed is
probably ov RHO millfon a year. Thus, we
suggest the e ..s" a, doable-barreled reason
for considers ion It this problem by the Con-
gress at thi time, ti q first being to pro-
vide needed x ievenula And the second to
bring much needed _eqOqi., to the market-.
place in ord to 1-"storc7a mo-riTafr?rtieaTine
marketing o non-farm produced products.
of competiti n betweenhase engaged in the
zt
The tax-ex mptstatutfor cooperatives was
originally d ig aed to issist business units
composed of arangs_tininseives, aimed prin-
cipally at all vt: theq, to buy feed,_fertil-
izer and fa m lenrenits at terms and
under condi ions -WhIcic would bring bene-
fitetothem. -?
The first I come Taialict- in 1913 granted
tax exempti s tie certain organizations, in-
cluding agri ltufal groa-ps, arieraf-that time
the number of salali rijis iii. the thated
States and t e amount Cif product they pro-
duced made str2.11.1-it plin Appear equitable.
However, we lmvi5. now: witnesseda reduc-
tion in the wailer of tarms in this conn-
try and the ritraizatioia of production into
ever larger a ricultural ?usiness units. Thus,
the farmers, like other :types of businesses,
have had to ow
_isIze,_
Heavy reli nes on fain Implements have
of course hel ed to creat i the situation where
the farmer ust be fall-sized to afferci. the
hardware ne essafy -t0 'Opellite today. The
successful fa mer,-there&Dre; is one Who runs
a fairly larg farm and is one who has a
substantial i vestment hi land and can not
be compared excePt by-!profession with his
counterpart i 1913.. -
With the ?eclicb in the number ofsmall
-
farms in the NaU211, thi cooperatives' n
origi-
nally envisio ed tele wliti discarded i favor
of entering i to iltoes seaxlitzta Ofedt, the nonagricultural
materials. Tie
point
where a visit to the local
tives can be ikened toi9trig to :l haa,orodpweanrte-
store, a servic Mallon olTelefi Siiperinalliet
rather than o girsin d 'feed tlea,/er. This
has been occ lonotiby tee fact that the farm
itself has ch ngeci from: one WIlicli wa
es-
sentially a r lativety unit into being
g
a fairly large andlioldlutbusinessoperataipan.
The exempt petative at that point should
have been p mod out oroperation 4nce its
need was eve orating. Ellutelrer, at this time
they have al red 'their .?Perationi into non-
agricultural temq ceinpete with
a host of oth r
IA-RDP69b00369R0002
? -
i m-
October 3, Pftivrved For Rveffaigili
13ring new job training opportunities in
existing plants to the ha,rd core unemployed.
Create new jobs and new training oppor-
tunities for the seriously disadvantaged in
plants which will be establiShed in or near
re4 9,1 eRneentrated unemployment.
Encourage new enterprises combining the
resoidces of big and small husinesses to pro-
vide jobs and job training opportunities for
the disadvantaged.
To initiate this effort, the resources of the
Department of Commerce, Defense, Labor,
Health, Education and Welfare, and Housing
and Urban. Development, the Office of Eco-
nomic Opportunity, the General Services Ad-
ministration and the Small Business Admin-
istration will be combined to provide maxi-
MUM assistance and to minimize the added
cost of these in private industry willing to
assume responsibility for providing training
and work opportunities for the seriously dis-
advantaged.
? Initially, nearly $40 million from a wide
? variety of existing programs will be made
available, ita will millions of dollars worth
of surplus Federal property and excess Fed-
eral equipment.
We will Offer to private industry:
A full spectrum of aid to assist them in
recruiting, counselling, training, and provid-
ing health and Other needed services to the
disadvantaged.
Aid which will enable them to experiment
With new ways to overcome the transporta-
tion barriens now separating men and women
from jobs.
Surplus kederal land, technical assistance
and funcLs, ;to facilitate the construction of
new plants JP. Qr id?Oar areas of concentrated
Unemployment.
kxcess Federal equipment to enable them
to train more disadvantaged people.
ASsistariCe to joint enterprises combining
the resources of big and small businesses to
bring jobs and training opportunities to the
disadvantaged.
I have meed the Secretary of Commerce
,and thp Secretary of Labor to direct this
test program and insure that all available
Federal resources are_iatilized. The Secretary
of Commerce will designate a full-time Spe-
dial Representative as the single point of
contact for private employers participating
? in this project. The Special Representative
will provide employers with one-stop service
for the entire Federal Government and will
make whateyer arrangements are appropriate
With the various Federal agencies for all
prins Of Federai agstance.
The Secretary of Labor will designate a full-
time officer in the Manpower Administration
Wpric with the Special Representative of
the Secretary of Commerce in connection
With the training and employment elements
of these projects.
I have also asked the Secretaries of De-
fense, Health, Education and Welfare, and
Rousing and Urban Development, the Di-
,tector of the Office of Economic Opportunity,
the Administrators of the General Services
Administration and the Small Business Ad-
ministration to assist the Secretaries of Com-
'Xnerce and Labor in this test program and
to assign a single official in their agencies
Who will coordinate their efforts in support
Of this program.
Provision will be made for continuing
liaison with, local projects and for careful
research and evaluation to crystallize field
eXperience i4to guidelines for future action.
I have aslwd the Secretary of Commerce
to invite corporations throughout the coun-
try to join this new effort to bring mean-
ingful employment to disadvantaged citi-
ens hoth irt existing plants and, where
feasible, in new locations near areas of con-
eentrated unemployment.
I have cgrected each Department and
Agency of this Government to give top pri-
Ority to all Rhases of this Important effort.
The
!EV
Re China
9B00369R000200290056-2
? APPENDIX A 4903
d e East:
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, October 3, 1967
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, the Chi-
nese Communists are now moving into
the Middle East and picking up the
promises abrogated by the refusal of the
Soviet Union to engage in actual hostili-
ties against Israel. Whether China will
ever really come to the aid of the Arabs
in any renewed warfare is, of course,
unknown.
Certainly, however, the leaders of the
shaky Arab governments would be well
advised to avoid the enticing words of
Peking and investigate what has hap-
pened to other governments who fell for
Chinese propaganda.
The following editorial from the Sep-
tember 15, 1967, edition of the Jewish
Press recalls some of those governments
and I commend it to the attention of
our colleagues:
THE UNHOLY ALLIANCE
The Chinese Communists have completed
an alliance with the Arabs at a recent meet-
ing In Peking.
Mao has lulled the extremist Arabs into his
camp. He has further pledged to join them
in destroying Israel.
But this was to be expected. China's in-
volvement all over the world is no secret.
Russia trusts China as far as she can throw
her! Red China has an unblemished record
of double and triple crossing everyone she
has ever dealt with including Russia.
Prince Nordom Sihanouk of Cambodia
followed the demands of the Red Chinese to
the letter. He kicked out the Americans,
spurned U.S. aid, opened his ports to the
Viet Cong, and gave comfort and supplies to
the Chinese guerrillas. He was a perfect host
to Red China because he felt he would ob-
tain an immunity from Communist invasion.
HE GUESSED WRONG
But he guessed wrong! Today the commu-
nists are tightening their strangle hold on
Cambodia. They have been successful in
forcing out Cambodia's Prime Minister and
other anti-communist leaders and as a result
Cambodia is new at Red China's mercy.
The case of India's Nehru isn't much dif-
ferent. Nehru did everything to curry favor
with Peking. When his work was completed
the Communists thanked him with an in-
vasion in 1962.
How about Indonesia's ousted President
Sukarno who just about sold out his country
to become a communist puppet. He too, felt
he was graining an immunity from com-
munist invasion. But little did Sukarno
know, that recently discovered communist
documents show he was slated for execution
as soon as Mao took over.
OTHER NATIONS BETRAYED
What happened in Laos when Prince Sou-
vanna Phouma tried to keep neutral? He saw
the communist menace and sought an Im-
munity by innocently recognizing the pro-
communist forces in his government. He got
a jolt when the communists stepped up their
drive to takeover Laos.
The case of Burma is no different. Burma
had attempted to placate the Communists
and threw out Americans, trying to win favor
with Pelllng. So what happened? Burma hap
now become the chief target of radio Peking
and radio Hanoi as an "imperialist" nation.
Her days as a republic appear numbered!
The Buddhists, too, made a deal with the
Communists to obtain immunity. Yet, thou-
sands of Buddhists have been tortured and
murdered in Tibet.
That Is the history of the Red Chinese
reliability.
ARABS TURN TO MAO
Now it is the Arabs turn. The extremist
Arab groups are holding conferences with
Mao's Peking government. As usual, Mao has
given "his word" to the Arabs that he will
not rest until Israel is annihilated.
Interpreting this effort in terms of past ex-
periences we must assume that Red China
will be taking over a major part of the Mid-
dle East, without firing a shot.
Russia is seriously concerned because she
knows the present Arab regimes are weak and
can topple at the drop of a hat. In fact, Rus-
sia has slowed down her delivery of supplies
to Nasser in recent weeks for that very
reason.
Russia recognizes the Red Chinese danger
in the Middle East. But does the United
States?
Israel is the only country able to sustain a
non-communist government in the Middle
East and should be given all-out aid immedi-
ately! Instead, our State Department is con-
juring up ways to impede Israel at evey turn.
We appeal to President Johnson to recog-
nize the real danger in the Middle East, Red
China.
Israel needs economic aid, and military
help. If war flares again in the Middle Eist,
Israel will really be the Free World's first line
of defense against communism.
Railway Labor Urges Tax Reform
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HENRY S. REUSS
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday; October 3, 1967
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, on August
16, 1967, I suggested nine tax loopholes
which, if closed, would provide additional
revenue to the Treasury of at least $4
billion a year?roughly equal to the $4.3
of additional revenue to be raised by the
President's proposed 10 percent sur-
charge on individual taxpayers.
In the month and a half since, I have
heard from a number of individuals
and organizations who favor tax reform
to reduce the inequities in our present
tax system. The following statement by
the Railway Labor Executives' Associa-
tion is indicative of the widespread in-
terest in tax reform:
STATEMENT BY THE RAILWAY LABOR
EXECUTIVES' ASSOCIATION
With the federal budget deficit for the
present fiscal year now estimated as high as
$29 billion, largely due to the war In Viet-
nam, it is clear that the government needs
additional revenues, However, we do not be-
lieve that the moderate-income group who
now are experiencing a difficult time making
both ends meet should be forced to bear an
additional tax burden.
Instead of adding to the tax burdens of
most working people and other moderate..
Income families, the government should be-
gin now to tax the tens of billions of dollars
Approved For Release 201/11/01 : CIA-RDP,69,1300309R000200290056-2
A4904 CONGRESS' 1493.
'Ways to Vietnam Owe
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Approved For Release 1Iy8 ?
that escape the income tax systerd entirely
each year through tax loopholes used by the
big ishrporations and the wealthy.
Tliese loopholes?and especially the "capi-
tal E ains" tax gimmick?explain why in 1965,
the,test year for which figures are available,
22 a the 646 taxpayers reporting an income
of 3I Million or more paid no income tax
wha lever. The remaining 624 of these im-
lier Sely rich Americans paid less than 30 per
OF
HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ceni of their income in taxes, even though Thursday, September 14, 1967 Tuesda
the tax rate for all taxable income over Mr. BINGHAM. I should like to corn- Mr. DORN.
S10(,000 is '70 per cent.
These loopholes?and especially the "de-
mend to the attention of -ny colleagues of the Veterans
plet ten allowance" gimmick?explain why in and other readers of the REcoan the fol- bad occasion
1961 the 20 largest oil companies paid corpo- lowing splendid editorial Which appears, eration of the
rati'irt incorne taxes at a rate of 6.3 per cent, in today's New York Time: . for almost 20
Ina( dad of the standard rate for large corpo- WAYS TO VIETNAM PEACE The story
niarly eight years ago, Rep. Wilbur Mills, tars at the General Assembly for a halt in, lag the war
The appeals of a half-dozen foreign minis- reaches from
rati dna of 48 per cent.
chairman of the House Ways and Means the bombin,3 of North Vietnam reflect a gen- founding Of a
Committee, wrote (in Life magazine for No- eral consensus in the world organization that 1930 speeiflea
:ventber 23, 1259) : "If we kept the $600 per- President Johnson came close to recognizing
son41 exemption but taxed an other income, in his latest statement on the subject. Mr. spea.Ke
'T eterans.
we? Could reduce the individual income tax Not all countries are prepared to criticize!
rat ia by about 40 per cent and still raise just American policy publicly, of, course. But in. told in a mon
as latch money." Instead Mills pointed out,
"W have a tax system riddled with prefer-
the corridors, among the closiest allies of the E. Adkins, W
ern Lai O
United States?and even among c
benefits. ountries Veterans' Ad
"
Veterans'
EXTENS
HON. WM. JE
OF
TN THE HOTJS
which support American objectives and pol-, est days. His
I a the years since 1959, Congress has done icy in Vietnam?there is overwhelming Care of Vete
vir ;ually nothing to close the loopholes and agreement ,hat the bombing ls a failure, that errors and de
tas the untaxed incomes. In fact, the latest it blocks effective probing for peace and that
and women as
tail action by Congress was restoration of a cessation without a time limit would be
tht 'Investment credit" tax advatage to the in the American and world interest. , A dministratio
cox tiorations on an even more favorable basisvividly descri
There is strong reason to believe that au
thinopening of negotiations would follow an un4 1.,:.ons the Ve
$2 illion a year. Meeting the burdens of the ,
i before?at a cost to the Treasury of
conditional?or indefinite?Cessation of the ;0 medical se
Vh nam war?both human and financial?
bombing 1.1 three or four weeks. In a recent
shopld be based on equality of sacrifice. In- Hanoi's statement that talks "could" follow cf. Jersey City
on the nation's working people and other 1:Cl_i_s_tilkilished -forIbei-
ste ard, these burdens have fallen most heavily means the same as Moscow s assertion that reviewed by our
ese are the families whose sons and most othei countries believ has been ade4 . __,
ski, a Membe of ig.$ I-I forl..,ye_ars,..,
r.
m( erate-income families. talks "would" take place is a question a colleague Alf d iem n-
Enerrilli
quately answered by the w ole Communist
Mese are the families who see tho cost of bloc. If talks did not be n after severai looks at this ow Ilblia t3 ha kr9Wlealgt,,,
weeks' borr bing suspension, the United StateS able and crit cal i
ln.
br >thers fight the war.
deeply into their modest incomes. would be in a strong position in world opin- I commend hisiOXCellint bistery of living, month by month, bite ever more
Fhese are the families who see corporation ion to step up the war.
The appeal of Foreign Minister Malik of view by Mr. iein - Id_ fah Thilows, to
pr !fits after taxes riseby 75 per cent between
as trage worker's take-home pay after taxes of the effort repeatedly ma by Washington
House and to thelPeOPI.J.,:0124,f, 01-intrY
-:
the attentio of :the efliberri- or-the
103h) and the first half of 1967, while the Indonesia is of particular interest because
i: s only 24 per cent in the same period. to claim that American inte vention in Viet-
r. These are the families who in many cases nam saved Indonesia from Communism. Mr. ADKINS GEE T IO_ MEDiVAITCAR etdi:Y
-t- -,--, ri,
Malik, ons of those who sily did the sav- "Medical Ca e of Veterrs ' by_ obinson
fa xi another increase in Social Security pay- ing obviolsly feels Indonesia's interest and E,. Adkins, U.S Golfer-Mil t Printing Office,
s tly rising state and local taxes. those of Asia as a whole would be beet e611 pp., paper, 1.25.. . a
ts next year, and who must pay the con-
served by a political accomrhodation in Viet- (The followi g is,ti gWErt -ream compite ,
These are the families?in the case of rail- nam, rather than continuation of the war. by Alfred Sie ins% , fprIter U.S. cOngres-
ra Erd workers?who see the President and The Reece plan put forw d b Canada is man from th 1.:'ts tett based onma-
CA >ngress using the Vietnam war as an excuse of importance because of anadian contadt serial supplied by ki_l_ _ tTref"Gretribef,g,
'T.< outlaw their right to strike, so is to hold with Hanoi as a member of the International Df Washingto , D.9., iii-u 1frrii7ier7PraranciT,
down their wages.
1967
tory! pitrlily Told
N
(IT
NW'
tjT CARO T.
CrIttP11 STPIVITIVES
, ()Obbei"
r. S:Peak9 ra:Aftferfiher
Affaits_0,c ttee, ha've'
_
WerVe, losely Che op-
Ve tOttns', 2s.Arninistratio_
f tb.e_liziterican veteran
1 arid days follow-
or"ge the
-
depiinlerite to e
lal , __in
gi eat- Feleial agency r
y US --meiF The needs o
- _
Mud- stoiV has now been
nEntareflort by Robinson
o harban'T?Itt of -the
inisicalloir gift& its earrai-
wolqc, etrified7Me lc 1
als: the -Urfals,
ica44-.1_selfpiee of _t e_ _ __
arisl';- 'el - -.11 men
?elated WPithe-Neterans'
. Irrihis _IrOztr. Adkin=s_
r
re as : a tiF6 lie _ovs at gat a rsl e_ -e_ _Oli i i-F 1 Var, _ _ _.:u -
have iriade
ssu tbrjerst-y JOurtia
N J.. thialliFerYboolc was
"American ye ra !the:Iplaidid re-
Control Commission set uj in Vietnam by of Arlington, a., , , ,, -- ______,,---
*hese are the families who see the gov- the Gene,,a, accords. Eater ai Affairs Seers- "To care for him Who a all have:Worn-a the
, _
e> nment doing absolutely nothing about the tary Martin has been adv,,
ncing his four- battle, and for his igidow ria--firs ist-pharie?
la t round of price increases by the big stage solution since April Without any crit- those compas ioria4e toO, rota Lincoln's
c( porations on steel, Chemicals, tires, alumi- iciarn by Hanoi. Several ingenious elements second inaug rat 'a_ddreq lifotimy ari-
l:
n , vinyl flooring, shoe materials, building in it make it worthy of a. favorable Ameri- nounced on a. ?hieraqu, "to" anyoh-e--passing
n aterials trucks and textiles.
can response., or entering etertirCLAd_minirstration
Nearly a year ago, on September 14, 1966, While Mr. Martin described a halt in the building in shiggton, P.c. la the-Tag--
VI Railway Labor Executives' Association bombing as the "first priority," he included sion of the age cy. - =
led on the President and Congress to strike in the fist tage of his plan an important Robinson E. Adkills, t14 mi.in compiler of
a; inflation by ending the big tax loopholes gesture of North Vietnamese de-escalation, this study of the tnedict care vete'raria,
a2r1 inequities, by imposing a special anti- yet the one that would be easiest for Hanoi has been part of that milnitiralrice the:
This public
care of vetera
country to th
It reviews th
Medicine and
its present op
er, administr
chief medical
The establi
istration ena
gle point of
office or hos
benefit to whi
inflation tax on the corporations that fail to to make--a cease-fire or pall-back from the liest days oft.e agsricy. : -
hold the price line, and by other measures. demilitar zed zone. Um> declipiWts the medical
pita,. a grogram is even more urgent today The remaining stages?Which would first s freln the,-carltest da.ys of our
tan a year ago. Rep. Henry Reuss has pro- freeze forces, then achieve a cease-fire and fouilaingl3f-the-V *A. in 1030.
p d a modest attack on the "capital gains" finally lead to the withdrawal of all external history of :14-e-Depaftment of -
t k gimmick, the "depletion allowance" gim- forces from South Vietnhm?would ?by', Surgrry- frith Itsbeginning to