SUCCESSION TO THE PRESIDENCY AND VICE-PRESIDENCY AND REFORM OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000500170012-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 9, 2003
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: January 29, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

19 65 CONGItESSIO`NAI RECORD - S$NA I E 1571
Approved For Release 2003/10/22: CIA-RDP67B00446R0005001700~12-6
,it Tqd we treasure the remaining stretch and I-do a ou it? How may we as n i- and educational opportunities. But we in
.ct lcs e' beach and the still-virgin forest. vlduals act constructively? Let me suggest the United States and elsewhere, who already
The p flue up, the unlimited was three practical opportunities for action that have these basic necessities in relative abun-
;Wlmaa V havg a limit, and the izAnite die- are open to us. dance, should also take into account life's
ti}ncpn to be_finits lnd',SEA. First, we should inform ourselves more higher objectives, the third dimension to
'The Population Reference Bureau predicts fully about the population problem. We can which I have referred. In planning how
that If, our ,tibpulatlon increase continues, try to see it in full perspective, in all its many children we will have, we should con-
"QutdQQr recreattion in? these United States dimensions. The range of its implications sider not only ourselves and our immediate
Will have become a nostalgic memory, even is wide, far beyond a threat to material re- family, but also the impact of continued
perhaps before the bagles born today have sources. We should' know and appraise its population growth upon our community and
-children of their own." The Bureau's report effects on our community and its Institu- the society in which we live,
suggests that it may become necessary to tions, and on the cherished and vital in- We too can be guilty of decisions by de-
"resort to rigid rationing of the use of na- tangibles of life. fault. We are in default of adequate knowl-
tlonal parks, permitting each citizen a brief, Social progress in a democracy is best served edge If we do not fully realize the many-
linorowded holiday once every 5 years, then by Informed discussion. We should try to faced threat of overpopulation. True, most
even 1Q, 15, or 20 years as population in- clarify our thinking about population eta- people in our sophisticated society know the
greases." bllization. When our attitudes are better de- rudimentary facts about how to control birth.
Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall fined, we can better consider the views of But the facts of'which none of us afe well
bee written an eloquent plea for conserva- others. Such dialogs in living rooms and enough aware are the consequences of popu-
tlpn. "Amer csi, he says, "today stands meeting places will illuminate the wide areas lation growth on the quality of our life.
poised on a pinnacle of wealth and power, of agreement that exist among people of dif- The concern for the total well-being of the
yet we live In a land of vanishing beauty, of ferent backgrounds and different faiths. On community is a new consideration in family
IDcreasing ugliness, of shrinking open space, a subject as vital as this, there is no longer planning, The changed and changing cir-
4x4 of an overall environment that is dimin- excuse to whisper. cumstances of our day force It before W.
felted daily by pollution and noise and As we inform ourselves, we should work so Since the beginning of recorded time, man
llllght.? nthsrs may be informed. We should en- has had large numbers of children "lest the
Out natural resources are dwindling, too. courage our Information media to present people perish." This was accepted as neces-
&nerieans, With our high standards of living, She population problem and its ramifications sary for the survival of the family, the tribe,
Spend resources and energy, at a prodigious to the Widest possible audience. The right the race. In most cultures, fertility was a
rote. Mine. s antl n}pst sources of energy to now Is important to Americans. blessing, a true gift from the gods to be
are nQifyenc! blg: When We spend them, we , No one can or should be forced to practice Bought by prayer and sacrifice.
Vend caps , not income; when they are birth control, or to advocate it against his The population pressure of our day leads
gone, they are gone forever.-Even our water conscience, but neither should he be denied us to this new concept of "responsible par-
1,000 American communities have been forced -himself. I agree with those who maintain to the Immediate family, but to the broader
tv curtail warier service. that hospitals and social service and wel- community. The phrase "responsible par-
..
bamotgwn. ma- ine what it will mean to ." `".,........
g less Informed and indigent, because they are llam J. Gibbons, S.J., of Fordham University,
our schools tp have twice as many pupils in the most likely to need help and the least has said that the size of the family "should
the lifetime of yus children-and four times likely to know it 1s available. take Into account the physical and mental
M many in the lifetime of our grandchildren. Second, we should encourage and support health of the parents, their economic condi-
Imagine what will happen to our libraries, greater governmental action on population tion, and the society in which they live."
museums, all our cultural and recreational -matters. Judaism has always stressed the high
instillations, as well as to our hospitals,'wel- It is surely only reasonable that govern- duties of parenthood. Rabbi David H. Wilco
fare agencies, penal institutions and other ment on every level-Federal, State and includes the well-being of society among the
Public services. In Innumerable communf_ _local~hould make greater efforts to learn determinants of family size: "The concept of
pea, budgets are already strained or In deficit. -the facts and the full implications of popu- the sanctity of life is enhanced and the
Many communities are approaching flnan- lation trends. This information should be a holiness of marriage is given a new dimen-
elal, crisip---qnd the outlook as population fundamental basis for long-range planning sion when parenthood 1s freely elected, when
ijmws is for crisis doubled and redoubled. and freely available to the public. children are born wanted, and when family
Such 10 the pace of our growth that we size 1s determined by conditions of health
Will have e to do in the oext few decades what Private organizations have a significant and well-being for the individual family and
Ne qentirles. to accomplish in the pas- role In attempts to resolve the e population
for society." Protestant theologians also
S took
In New York State, for exam ls, a new 60- problem. They contribute much in the way have frequently emphasized responsible
-of research, specialized knowledge and trained
the Seat 20 years, public and private ati hieses s personnel. Their work deserves our time and cons derattiionnof the size of a family.ty in the
will constrgot more physical facilities- our resources. Yet the population problem,
Schools, factories, highways, homes=than in America and elsewhere, is so ramified, so A NEW ETHIC FOR PARENTS
Existed in the entire State in 1940. "Important and so immediate that only gov- Margaret Mead, the anthropologist, says:
In metropolitan city and suburban village, ernment can attack it on the scale required. "As parents, cherishing and enjoying our
population growth Is already severely chal- But government cannot easily take lnitiatve children, we can see the need for a new ethic
longing our ability to'maintain and expand on questions so politically sensitive. Gov- of parenthood. We can no longer say that
the community institutions and public facil- ernment moves most effectively when need everyone should have a child, that families.
Sties that contribute so much to the quality has been demonstrated, when public opinion should have as many -children as they can
df our way of life. Without reasonable popu- has begun to form. As citizens, we have the afford, that all couples have a right to have
ration stabilization, the coming decades can opportunity to summon our leaders to ima- as many children as they wish, that parent-
only see a further erosion of their excellence. ginative and immediate action, and to muster hood excels all other virtues and is to be
Some may question whether the American public opinion to support their efforts. commended above all other ways of life. We
:populatlon growth constitutes a population Often, In a democracy, we are prone to cannot now, as a people, continue to extol
Portals." I believe' ,the word "crisis" Is evade individual responsibility on such large a way of life which-however much we en-
juattfieji: Its dictionary meaning is "a questions. We rationalize Inaction on joy it in the present-will all too soon
long to
oe what we "Ahave bove worked
4ime for 0ecisipn.", The consequences grounds that the problem is too complex, and destroy
he concludes,
of population growth in America are far dif- the end result beyond our ability to in-
Sereflt in kind and magnitude from those fluence. But we should remember that we, we must recognize that the time to limit
In less-developed nations. But because the the individual citizens of a free society, hold the size of our families is now, that the
born
problems of others are greater, we should not the final responsibility. It is we who are now, ing must take e precedence
are the unborn
ignore our 'own. The toll of population America; our government Is the sum of our- If future gene e
growth on the quality of life is a loss to us selves. Its attitude is our expressed thought; to a as livable world." should reexamine
and to the life we will pass on to our chtl- its policy Is our manifested will. Th we
Siren, 'phergfore, we should recognize that Third, in planning the size of our own fam- many of our attitudes toward population.
Action to resolve our population problem is ilies, we should weigh carefully the collective It is no longer "somebody else's problem," a
phenomenonatolyoe
on the future well-
i
ions
f
r d
ff
t
ec
s
ou
up
ec
o
in our interest. The choice Is no longer e
r-off countriesorin pocketfpoverty
fa
whether population stabilization is neces- being of our communities, here at home. Nor should as-many-as-we-
vary, hilt only how and when it can be DECISIONS BY oEFAm.T can-afford be ,the criterion of how many chil-
. y~hig +yd ,r. , . ;Qeclsle?{e, on family size are always based dren we should have.
No.20-g
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 CONGR],SSIONAL RECORD -SENATE January 29
we realize that family planning is not only
for the poor; it is for all whose lives are
being made poorer by its lack.
Mr. COOPER. Mr. President, I sug-
gest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for the
quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out gbje n, it }s so rdered.
,
SUCCESSION THE PRESIDENCY
AND VICE-PRESIDENCY AND RE-
FORM OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, yesterday
the Senate received from the President
his message, on the succession to the
Presidency and the Vice-Presidency and
on the reform of the system of electing
national leaders. On both of these sub-
jects many Senators have been interested
in depth for a considerable period. In
both areas the sense of urgency prevails,
even now, as rarely before.
In his message, President Johnson
pointed out that the possibility exists-
indeed, has been threatened in recent
months-that the electors chosen by
each State might not actually vote as
the constituency voted and that, there-
fore, there could be an emergence of a
consequence not dictated by the voters
at large. I strongly concur in the
President's desire to mak@' certain that
such apossibility is foreclosed.
For several sessions of Congress, I have
been the sponsor of a constitutional
amendment which would retain for all
the States the present formula for count-
ing votes on an electoral formula basis,
thus preserving the balance of power be-
tween the large-population and small-
population States, as intended by the
Founding Fathers; but, at the same time,
my amendment would eliminate the ac-
tual selection of electors and, therefore,
absolutely foreclose the possibility in any
way of electors not following the dictates
of the voters In their States. It seems to
me that with all the ramifications of
this proposal that have been made and
the various approaches that have been
suggested, this is the simplest and most
direct way to solve the problem that
would be posed in such an eventuality.
In our modern day, the necessity to
elect the actual persons to be named as
electors is a rather excessive indulgence,
particularly in times when the procedure
is ordinarily routine or a ceremony, and
nothing more, and when out of such a
routine or mere ceremony could still
arise the possibility of an overturning of
constituent Intent. It only adds to the
necessity for clearing up this problem
forthrightly and now.
I Invite special attention to an amend-
ment to the Constitution, which I have
submitted at nearly every session of Con-
gress since I became a Member of this
body. It is a real pleasure that we note
that the disposition at this time seems
to be to move at once on this subject.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed following my re-
joint resolution I first introduced on this
subject, and which still rests with the
Comipittee on the Judiciary.
There being no objection, the joint
resolution was ordered to be printed in
the r;EcoRD, as follows:
S.J. Ras. 11
Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep-
resen'Atives of the United States of America
in Ccggress assembled (two-thirds of each
Housit concurring therein), That the follow-
ing akicle is proposed as an amendment to
the Constitution of the United States, which
shall be valid to all intents and purposes as
part of the Constitution when ratified by the
legish ttures of three-fourths of the several
States:
"ARTICLE-
"SECTION 1. The executive power shall be
vestels in a President of the United States of
Amer ca. He shall hold his office during a
term of four years, and together with the
Vice President, chosen for the same term,
be eh:cted as provided in this Constitution.
No pf rson constitutionally ineligible for the
office of President shall be eligible for that
of Visa? President of the United States.
"SEF. 2. Each State shall be entitled to a
numt er of electurial votes equal to the whole
numt er of Senators and Representatives to
which' such State may be entitled in the
Congitss. There shall be held In each State
an ehx:tion to determine what candidates for
the efces of President and Vice President
shall receive the electoral votes of that State.
The i piers in such election shall vote for the
candidate of a political party for President
and for the candidate of the same political
party-for Vice President. The candidate for
President receiving the greatest number of
popular votes in any State shall receive all
of tho electoral votes of that State for Presi-
dent, except that if the candidates of more
than one political party receive an equal
numker of popular votes in any State and
such number is greater than the number re-
ceivedby any other candidate, the electoral
Votes of the State shall be divided equally
among the candidates of such parties. The
candidate for Vice President of a party whose
candidate for President receives electoral
votes of a State for President shall receive
the same number of electoral votes of such
State for Vice President. If, In any State,
the candidate of any political party for Presi-
dent receives popular votes as the candidate
of me It than one political party for President
and different persons are the candidates of
any (d such parties for Vice President, the
electoral votes of such State for Vice Presi-
dent shall be given to the candidate for Vice
Preshtent of the political party as the candi-
date of which the candidate receiving the
electoral votes of such State for President re-
ceived the greatest number of popular votes.
The voters in each State shall have the quali-
fications requisite for electors of the most
numerous branch of the State legislature.
The Idaces and manner of holding such elec-
tion cjiall be prescribed in each State by the
legisl iture thereof, but the Congress may at
any time by law make or alter such regula-
tions The Congress shall determine the
time of such election, which shall be the
same throughout the United States, and,
unless otherwise determined by the Congress,
such election shall be held on the Tuesday
next after the first Monday in November of
the }ear preceding the year in which the
regul sr term of President and Vice President
is to begin.
"Sic. 3. Within forty-five days after the
election, the chief executive of each State
shall make distinct lists showing the num-
ber of votes cast in such State for each of
the candidates for the offices of President and
Vice President, the names of the candidates
receh ing the electoral votes of such State,
and the number of such electoral votes,
the seat of the Government of the United
States directed to the President of the Sen-
ate. On the 6th day of January following
the election. unless the Congress by law ap-
points a different day not earlier than the
4th day of January and not later than the
10th day of January, the President of the
Senate shall in the presence of the House of
Representatives open all the certificates and
the result of the election shall then be
ascertained. The person having the greatest
number of electoral votes for President shall
be the President, If Such number is a ma-
jority of the whole number of the electoral
votes; and if no person has such a majority,
then from the persons having the highest
numbers not exceeding; three on the list of
those receiving electoral votes for President,
the House of Representatives shall choose
immediately, by ballot, the President. In
choosing the President the votes shall be
taken by States, the representation from
each State having one vote. A quorum for
this purpose shall consist of a member or
members from two-thirds of the States and
a majority of all the States shall be necessary
to a choice. The person receiving the great-
est number of electors[ votes for Vice Presi-
dent shall be the Vice President, if such
number is a majority of the whole number of
the electoral votes; and if no person has such
a majority, then from the persons having
the two highest numbers on the list of those
receiving electoral votes for Vice President,
the Senate Shall choose the Vice President.
A quorum for this purpose shall consist of
two-thirds of the whole number of Senators,
and a majority of the whole number shall be
necessary to a, choice. The Congress may by
law provide for the case of the death of any
person who, except for his death, would have
been entitled to receive a majority of the
electoral vows for President or Vice Presi-
dent.
"SEC. 4. Paragraphs 1, 2, and 3 of section
1, article II, of the Constitution, and the
twelfth article of amendment to the Consti-
tution are hereby repealed.
"SEC. 5. This article shall apply to the elec-
tion of Presidents and Vice Presidents whose
regular terms begin more than two years
after its ratification.
"SEc. 6. This article shall. be inoperative
unless it shall have been ratified as an
amendment to the Constitution by the legis-
latures of three-fourths of the States within
seven years from the date of its submission
to the States by the Congress."
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I should
like to comment in a general way on the
other section of the President's concern
in his message; namely, that of the suc-
cession to the Presidency. I suppose
that as one who at one time, at least, trod
the paths of the classrooms within the
walls of ivy, I could confess to having a
change of mind on some of my views of
government, of updating the machinery
of democracy, and that sort of thing.
Whereas I subscribe([ many years ago to
the existing presidential succession sys-
tem, I feel now, in hindsight and upon
further reflection and Study, that we
were closer to a more effective, a more
balanced, and a more meaningful for.
mula 10 or 15 years ago when, under the
old succession act, the members of the
Cabinet, in the order of the creation of
their departments, would, in fact, succeed
to the Presidency.
It seems to me that in the interest of
the times in which we are trying to pro-
vide the leadership and the momentum
in a government such as ours, it must
now be obvious that the sense of the
President's intent, the direction of the
 JPN
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App oved For Release 2003/10/
President's policies, and the apprisement
of what has been going on attendant to
all those facets of thegovesnment more
logically repose within the members of
the Cabinet, close to the President, than
they would necessarily in the particular
Members of Congress.
Likewise, the system under which we
operate at present, which provides that
in the event of an egtreme crisis, one
that would remove both the President
and the Vice President, the Speaker of
the House would accede to the White
House, in effect serves the purpose of
contradicting another one of our con-
stitutional Intents, that intent being the
separation of the legislative and execu-
tive branches of the Government.
So, adding both these considerations
together, I would urge the favorable
consideration of a return to the old Presi-
dential Succession Act, which, following
the Vice President, would place the Sec-
retary of State in line, then the Secre-
tary of the Treasury, and so on down
through the_ Cabinet, posts. I believe
that this system would more truly reflect
the intent of the voters, as well as the
policy direction most recently to pass
the test of a national referendum,
namely, the last presidential election.
And thus believes the new President of
the United States, Lyndon Johnson, with
his sense of urgency and his insistence
upon moving likewise in that direction.
Finally, In terms of a vacated Vice-
Presidency, I should like to join my voice
with those who would accord to the Vice
President, upon his acceding to the
Presidency, or In the event of anything
happening to the Vice President while
the President was still In command, the
privilege of letting the President person-
nally select the Vice President for the
remainder of that term, subject to the
approval of this body of Congress, as Is
the case in other types of Presidential
appointments, It seepis to me that this
is most consistent with the intent of Ex-
ecutive responsibility and the testing of
that responsibility directly, in that he
must then go to the voters for his ulti-
mate sanction if there is any question
about his selection. ,
These, then, would be direct moves in
upgrading and modernizing the machin-
ery of democracy and keeping us apace
with the tempo of change In current
times.
APPALACHIAN REGIONAL DEVELOP-
MENT ACT OF 1965
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill S. 3, to provide public works
and economic development programs
and the planning and coordination
needed to assist in the development of
the Appalachian region.
Mr. MANSFIELD, Mr. President,
several Senators have remarked today,
during the consideration of the pending
-measure, that they Intend to offer
amendments to the bill on Monday and
request yea-and-nay votes. They have
postponed their requests for the im-
mediate consideration of their amend-
ments and tl1~p votes thereon In order to
permit an affirmative presentation of the
entire bill today. However, they have
-presented this afternoon, in great part,
ments.
In view of this fact and the prospect
of yea-and-nay votes on several of the
amendments prior to the vote on the
passage of the bill at 3 o'clock on Mon-
day next, I propose the following unani-
mous consent request, with the full con-
currence of the distinguished minority
leader:
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that effective at 11 a.m. on Monday,
February 1, 1965, debate on any amend-
ment to the pending bill shall be limited
to 20 minutes, to be equally divided and
controlled by the mover of the amend-
ment and the Senator from West Vir-
ginia [Mr. RANDOLPH], the Senator in
charge of the bill; provided, further,
that on the amendment of the Senator
from Nebraska [Mr. HRUSKAJ, amend-
ment No. 11, the time allotted shall be
40 minutes, 30 minutes to be allocated
to the mover of the amendment [Mr.
HRUSKA] and 10 minutes to the Senator
from West Virginia [Mr. RANDOLPHI, the
Senator In charge of the bill.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
MONDALE in the chair). Is there objec-
tion? The Chair hears none, and it is
so ordered.
The unanimous-consent request, re-
duced to writing, is as follows:
UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT
Ordered, That, effective on Monday, Feb-
ruary 1, 1965, beginning at 11 o'clock and
during the further consideration of the bill
(S. 3) to provide public works and eco-
nomic development programs and the plan-
ning and coordination needed to assist in the
development of the Appalachian region, de-
bate on any amendment (except in amend-
ment by Senator HImee:A, numbered 11,
which shall be debated for 40 minutes with
30 minutes under control of Senator HRUSKA
and 10 under control of senator RANDOLPH),
motion, or appeal, except a motion to lay on
the table, shall be limited to 20 minutes, to
be equally divided and controlled by the
mover of any such amendment or motion and
Senator RANDOLPH: Provided, That in the
event Senator RANDOLPH3 is in favor of any
such amendment or motion, the time In op-
position thereto shall be controlled by the
minority leader or some Senator designated
by him.
Ordered further, That the Senate vote on
final passage of the bill at 3 p.m. on Mon-
day, February 1, 1965.
ORDER FOR RECESS UNTIL 10
O'CLOCK MONDAY MORNING
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that when the
Senate completes its business this after-
noon, it stand in recess until 10 o'clock
on Monday morning next.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
APPALACIIIAN REGIONAL DEVELOP-
MENT ACT OF 1965
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill S. 3, to provide public works
and economic development programs
and the planning and ,coordination
needed to assist in the development of
the Appalachian region.
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, as I
understand, the timing of these amend-
ments will still make it possible to have
originally proposed.
Mr. MANSFIELD. That is correct.
This is an accommodation within the
unanimous-consent agreement passed on
by the Senate on yesterday. For the in-
formation of the Senate, it is not antici-
pated that there will be a morning hour
on next Monday.
PROPOSED FEDERAL STIMULATION OF BEEF
PRODUCTION IN THE APPALACHIAN REGION
SHOULD BE STOPPED
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, as all
Senators will recall, the cattle indus-
try of this country was forced to struggle
through most of last year's session of
Congress to get a bare minimum of relief
from the depressing weight of imported
beef on our price structure. When the
matter could finally be brought to a vote
in the Senate on Its merits, the Senate by
a vote of 72 to 15 passed legislation to
place limits on this flood of imported
beef.
Now the cattle industry in this country
seems to be under attack from another
corner. By the terms of the Appalachia
bill, it is proposed to grant Federal sub-
sidies up to 80 percent for purposes de-
scribed as land stabilization, conservation
and erosion control. Although there is
no mention of pasturage or of cattle in
the bill, the provision is virtually the
same as section 203 of the 1964 bill.
It will be recalled that section 203 of
last year's bill was deleted by the Senate.
Its opening sentence read:
In order to promote fuller utilization of
one of the region's important natural re-
sources, the Secretary of Agriculture is au-
thorized to make grants to assist in the "im-
provement and development of pastureland
for livestock in the region."
The quoted portion of this language
does not appear in the 1965 version of the
bill. But in the testimony given at hear-
ings, it was stated that section 203 will
provide to eligible farmers such improve-
ment as will make It economically feas-
ible for livestock production." Within a
very few years this would mean the im-
provement of 3.3 million acres, a witness
testified.
The section in last year's bill, which
was deleted, was the subject of testimony
of Secretary Freeman, which in part
reads as follows:
The principal opportunity for enhanced in-
come from agriculture in Appalachia lies in
a further expansion of livestock production.
We calculate that by 1972, with the full
development of Appalachia's pasture re-
sources, farmers in the region could raise
their total annual income to a level about
$230 million above its present level.
If such testimony were true last year,
it is obviously still applicable this year;
$230 million worth of additional cattle
marketings is equivalent to somewhat.
more than 1 billion pounds of livestock.
Thus the very section in last year's bill,
which was stricken by this body of the
Congress, has found its way back into the
bill with continued disastrous impact on
the U.S. cattle industry as last year, if it
is retained.
My amendment No. 11 would delete the
entire section 203 as was done last year.
The cosponsors of the amendment sup-
port the same action as taken last year,
too.
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 Ab~76ved For Release 2003/10 1~ ~~O IID January'-29
Our opposition to this proposal is not of our majority leader, the senior Sen- ravished floe beauties of nature for the
due to any lack of sympathy for the ator from Montana [Mr. MANSFIELD) and sake of profit.
problems of the small farmers of the in the other Western States, and also We should stop, look, and listen before
Appalachia region. We understand those with 'the exception of the and territory we ask that. Federal funds be expended
problems and would help', with them if of the Southwest. to rehabilitate land ravished by strip
we could. But we cannot afford to grant W:th those two exceptions, Ohio has mine operators in Ohio and other States.
discriminatory assistance to the cattle almost every type of terrain. There are it is a ridiculous paradox to permit this.
Industry of one part of the country at greal; sweeps of rolling farmland, vast So it is that, while I want this adminis-
the expense of our own producers. We foret ts, beautiful valleys interlaced with tration proposal to be enacted into law,
cannot be expected to acquiesce in a rivers and lakes, and the flat land of the for the sake of future generations of
proposal directed squarely against the Corr Belt. One-fifth of the population Americans it is high time that the Fed-
livelihood of our own people. in my State is engaged In agricultural eral Government began to have a real
Mr. President, surely Senators have not activities. We are proud of the family interest in a situation which permits the
forgotten the uphill struggle of American farmers of Ohio. destruction of so much of our Nation's
cattlemen during these past 2 years, to However, I know, as does everyone land and so much of the beauty that the
keep their heads above water, to main- who has flown over my State, or who Almighty has given to us in the United
tain the solvency and the productivity of has raveled through the State of Ohio States.
the American cattle industry. American on of r fine thoroughfares, that the great I feel, as does my colleague from Ohio,
cattlemen suffered severely from the natural beauty of a large part of Ohio and as I am certain many, if not the
sharp price declines of 1963 and 1964. has been desecrated by strip mining of majority of Senators feel, that the State
Initially, prices of fed cattle dropped as the coalfields. This is also true, of legislatures owe a ditty to provide reme-
much as 30 percent on the major live- course, in some other States. dial legislation and that we in the Con-
stock markets. Choice slaughter steers Ma distinguished colleague, the senior gress also owe that duty.
in Chicago which were over $30 a hun- Sent for from Ohio, as Governor of our I am glad to follow the leadership of
dred in the latter part of 1952, averaged Stat a and as a Senator, has been a leader my colleague from Ohio and intend to
between $21 and $22 a hundred during in the fight to compel the mineowners support his amendment. I hope it will
much of last year. Although a part of and the coal operators In the State of be adopted.
this price drop has been recovered, it is Chic to do something toward the restora- I yield the floor.
only a part and prices are still distress- tion of the beauty of nature which has (Mr. MONTOYA assumed the chair as
Ingly low. been desecrated by them. Presiding Officer.)
The plans announced for the Appa- Mr. BASS. Mr. President, I rise in
In the operation of the strip mines in
lachia region were in terms of feeder support the proposed Appalachia a Re-
cattle rather than fat cattle. The picture ivy the coal operators, to pursue their gional Development Act, which hich I am co-
ressing. private
in this respect is even more dep pr
removed the purposes topsoiland. seek They profit, have re- sponsoring. Tennessee is one of the 11
-
Feeder cattle are still far below the prices moved the beautiful trees, the grass, States Included in Appalachia, having 49
even of last year. In Omaha during the out of its 95 counties located within the
week ended January 23, according to the the shrubs. In their place, they have region. Forty-five percent of the State's
Department of Agriculture, choice feeder left shale and rock, on which nothing will grow. Barren, unsightly earth, and families live, work, and raise their
steers averaged only $21.50 per hundred, families there. However, unless more
compared with $24.25 per hundred at the aftacider -poisoned thhe e mi ners
holes are what remain opportunities are provided for the re-neow same time last year. of fle strip mines holes
mines in the and State the have done glen's young people, a good number of
e
It would be my hope that .whatever these people will not raise their families
action the Senate takes, It will not in- thei;? job. in the land of their fathers. Nor will
flict another blow on the American cattle AM a member of the Committee on their talents and energies contribute to
industry. Last year, the Secretary of Pub7lc Works, I attended hearings and the area. In the decade between 1950
Agriculture went up and down the land listened to the testimony of witnesses. and 1960, for example, 63 percent of Ten-
proclaiming that the problems of the I wns present and my vote was cast, nessee's outmigratlon came from the
cattle industry were due p imarily to our along with the votes of others, to bring 45 percent. of the people in Tennessee
own overproduction. It is Inconsistent, this administration measure to the floor Appalachia. This, of course, represents,
in fact it is ridiculous for shim to recom- of tie Senate. I intend, of course, to in large part, the cream of our young
mend and for us to take action to stim- support this fine legislative proposal, people, who have concluded that life's
ulate further beef production through Nevertheless, it is the intention of the struggle was difficult enough without
the use of special Federal subsidies on a juni r Senator from Ohio to support the having to face the extra burden of in-
basis which discriminates In favor of one amendment offered by his colleague, the adequate opportunity.
sectIPn of the country and against all sentlr Senator from Ohio. In
Appalachia as it whole, one in three
other sections.' We must, by our action, and by our families have ve an annual income of less
Amendment No. 11 should be approved vote in the Senate, manifest that it is than $3,000 as compared with one and
so that section 203 will be deleted. neither the intention nor the policy of five families in the balance of the coun-
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I Con tress to be Idle and acquiesce In the try. In Tennessee Appalachia, one in
suggest the absence of a quorum. desecration of beautiful landscapes and every 2 i/2 families have an income of less
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the poisoning of the soil in the State of than what. President Johnson considers
clerk will call the roll. Ohio and in other States, and then pro-` to be the minimal family income above
The legislative clerk proceeded to call vide that those guilty of this desecration poverty. Per capita income in Appalaeh-
the roll. wou d be put to no expense whatever in Ia as a whole is $1,405, while in the Ten-
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President, the :restoring of the land to the condition nessee portion it only amounts to $1,257.
I ask unanimous consent that the order in which they found it. It would be un- We have approximately 35,000 people on
for the quorum call be rescinded. thinkable to place that burden entirely the unemployed rolls In this area of our
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With- on t are taxpayers of our country. State, resulting primarily from an em-
out objection, it is so ordered. My colleague, the senior Senator from ployment decline of 57 percent in mining
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President, Ohio, as the Governor of Ohio, urged during the decade of the fifties.
the State of Ohio ranks 35th in area the egislature of our State time and time Of course, this situation is made worse
among the States of the Union, 5th in again to right this wrong that has been by the fact that 16 percent of the adult
population, and second to none of the committed by the strip mine owners and population in the Tennessee Appalachia
50 States in scenic beauty. operators in Ohio. has less than 5 years of education, as
In fact, Ohio has sorr}etimes in the It,, the Senate he has urged the ap- compared with 11.6 percent in the entire
past been called the United States in pointment of a commission to study strip region and 8 percent in the United States.
miniature for the reason that in real- coal mine operations. He has taken ex- And, as a result of these conditions, these
Ity my State represents a complete actl:' the position he took as Governor Tennessee families make up a sizable
cross section of all American life, with of oar State when he urged the legisla- portion of the people in Appalachia re-
the exception, of course, of the high ture to crack down on those who de- ceiving $41. million per month In Federal
mountains such as those in the State stro:red the land and fertile soil and welfare payments. This amounts to al-
Approved For Release 2003/10/22 CIA-RDP67B00446R000500170012-6