DOMINICAN REPUBLIC INTERVENTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 27
• Publication Date: September 22, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
September 22, 106, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX A5375.
when the causes of that s-p r .t.on have be. explain to one another more carefully their Congressman Howard's Address at Insti-
come obscured and half forgotten. We own positions, to achieve better understand-
wish-with full respect for each individual lag of their differing traditions, and to mark tote for Advanced Learning, Lakewood,
conscience and without compromising any- out as clearly as possible the important areas N.J.
one's deeply cherished convictions-to pray of agreement already possessed. Their road
together to our Father in Heaven and beg will inevitably be long; their way frequently
the abiding presence and strength of His far from clear. But a giant step forward EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Spirit among us all to help heal our die- has already been taken. Theologians and OF
unions. We wish to work together as broth- scholars, like all of us, have begun to think HON.
ers to help and comfort all our fellow men; and speak as we all ought to think and HERBERT TENZER
to be increasingly and in very truth "light speak-as friends, as neighbors, as brothers--
11
h " It 1 h th h ver it is
ere
f
h
t
f
t
t
S
ru w
e ear
.
or
e
t
with reverence
of the world and salt o
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
this spirit, I believe, that is especially char- found, with scrupulous respect for one an-
acteristic of religious people today in Amer- other's convictions, with profound awareness Wednesday, September 15, 1965
ica and Canada. It is for this movement, that others are at least as sincere and as good
with its vast potential for the betterment in their hearts as we are. Mr. TENZER. Mr. Speaker, our col-
of our world under God's law, that I would Such long-range, persevering scholarly league, the Honorable JAMES J. HOWARD,
tonight invite your reflections, your prayer- work is absolutely essential for the success Third District, New Jersey, made a most
ful interests, your dedicated efforts, of the ecumenical movement. Yet I am significant address on the occasion of the
In just 1 month, I return to Rome for the sure that you and I know quite well that by dedication of a new dining hall at the
fourth and final session of the second Vatican itself it will never suffice. Neither the reli- world renowned Institute for Advanced
council. Under the original impetus of Pope gious leaders of all the churches nor the Learning at Lakewood, N.J.
John and- with the continuing inspiration theologians of all the faiths can by them-
of the present holy father, Pope Paul VI, this selves cope with the overall tragedy of The late Rabbi Aaron Kotler, Z.L., who
ecumenical council has dramatically en- Christian disunity. It is, of necessity, the founded the Beth Medrash Govoha, was
livened the worldwide spirit of brotherhood. task of all of us, of all who see that the indeed a spiritual giant among Torah
I do not, of course, mean that the second division of the churches is a detriment to scholars who evoked homage and world
Vatican council marked the beginning of the the life-giving power of God's word, hurts recognition in his own time and in our
ecumenical movement either in the Catholic our common brotherhood under God, lessens generation. It is most fitting that this
Church or in the Christian churches gen- the effectiveness of all our efforts for our Institute for Advanced Learning has
erally. This is simply not true. But since fellow men.
I am not attempting a history of ecumenism, Leaders of all the churches are actively been named in his memory.
I speak of the second Vatican council as a engaged in this movement. Theologians are It was my privilege to serve as chair-
most important, and worldwide example of more involved than ever in discussion and man of the building committee which
the spirit and goals of ecumenism. dialog. But ultimately it is the layman raised the sum of $500,000 to complete
In the autumn of last year, the council -who ;nost directly meets the world and most the magnificent structure which houses
voted and Pope Paul promulgated the decree intimately affects its people for good or evil the Institute for Advanced Learning.
on ecumenism. I should like to quote one and, therefore, it is the layman of each and From the beginning and throughout
section from this decree which, I believe, every faith who must demonstrate the ecu-
f the in-
embodies the aspirations of all men of good menical spirit if that spirit is to live and my association the
embodies
as a school sea ,for
"Before the whole world let all Chris- quicken and truly fill the whole world: stitute was conceived ei
tians confess their faith in God * * * united Ecumenism has no precise timetable; scholars, a place of learning for those
in their efforts, and with mutual fespect, neither does it have any slightest guarantee exceptional students whose thoughts
let them bear witness to our common hope of immunity from setbacks. We must take and actionq and very existence are con-
* * * In these days -when cooperation in it for granted that the road will be long secrated solely to the study of the Holy
social matters is so widespread, all men with- and will have its reverses and' failures. Book. It was to be an institute for ad-
out exception are called to work together. There are undoubtedly innumerable ques- vanced study, a training ground for cx-
Cooperation among Christians vividly ex- tions of policy and procedure-some foresee-
presses that bond which already unites them. able, others not-which each church and cellence. To be accepted as a student
Such cooperation which has already begun in even each believer will have to face in the was to be a mark of achievement.
many countries, should be developed more days and years ahead. But, however long Today, the institute has a graduate
and more, it should contribute to a just range and far reaching the program is, we department of 150 student-scholars-a
evaluation of .the dignity of the human per- can all begin and we must all begin the postgraduate department of 71 fellow-
son, to the establishment of the blessings of development of those attitudes of mind and ship scholars-a total of 221 dedicated
peace. It should also be intensified in the heart which the second Vatican Council scholars who come from 17 States and
use of every possible means to relieve the calls "the soul of the ecumenical move- 9 foreign countries,
afflictions of our times, such as famine and ment." We must begin the most serious
import-
natural disasters, illiteracy, and. poverty, lack efforts to fulfill all the implications of that Graduates of the institute fill import-
of housing, and the unequal distribution of life of brotherly love which our faith in ant posts in religious educational in-
wealth. God demands. We must begin to beg the stitutions throughout the Nation, 15
"All believers can, through this coopera- pardon of other believers for our offenses States and in 3 foreign countries: 90
tion, be led to acquire a better knowledge and against them and to forgive fully from our serve as heads and teachers in Hebrew
appreciation of one another, and pave the hearts those who have trespassed against us. schools of higher learning; 21 serve as
way to Christian unity." We must begin seriously to listen, candidly deans, principals and administrators in
These are, I believe, stirring and challeng- to learn and sympathetically to understand Hebrew schools of higher learning; 23
ing words. Yet this is only one short sec- the different views of our friends and
tion in the council's decree. And what is brothers. serve as day school teachers and in other
most significant, it seems to me, is that, while I am convinced that ecumenism is a spirit Jewish community work; and 42 occupy
just 1 year ago these words may well have and a movement thoroughly harmonious pulpits as rabbis.
expressed the feelings of many or even most with the ideals of our nations; that our Mr. Speaker, our colleague's remarks
people of faith, today they represent the countrymen have much to contribute to it make worthwhile reading and that is why
official position of the entire church, the and can richly profit from it. I believe I include the text of the address in the
solemn public rededication of the church to further that ecumenism is most congenial RECORD:
the ecumenical movement. with the purposes and goals of your Order ADDRESS OF JAMES J. HOWARD, MEMBER OF
In the final session of the council this of Eagles and it is because I believe this, CONGRESS, DEDICATION OF NEW DINING HALL,
fall, it is expected-in fact, it is a practical that I have spoken to you on this subject BETH MEDRASH GOVOHA, RABBI AARON KOT-
certainty-that other important declarations tonight. I know your history; I know your LER INSTITUTE, SEPTEMBER 12,: 1965
will be promulgated to fulfill and imple- dedication to your fellow men; I know the
ment the decree on ecumenism. The decla- glorious record of achievement that has fol- "My son, eat thou honey, because it is
ration on the Jews and other non-Christian lowed upon that dedication; I know your good; and the honeycomb, which is sweet to
peoples, the constitution on the church in hopes for "freedom under God's law Si our thy taste: so shall the knowledge of wisdom
the modern world-all these momentous world." And because of what I know, i be unto thy soul; when thou hast found it,
subjects should and will contribute im- feel confident that in the years to come each then there shall be a reward, and thy ex-
mensely to the spirit and practice of of you will cherish and foster the spirit of pectation shall not be cut off."-Proverbs,
ecumenism. the ecumenical movement-for the glory of chapter 24, verses 13 and 14.
Undoubtedly, for many years to come, God, for strengthening the bonds of our This text has appealed to me for the pres-
theologians and scholars of all the churches brotherhood, and ultimately for the peace ent occasion because it has reference at the
and faiths will be joined in discussions to and happiness of all men everywhere. same time to the immediate object of our
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
A5376 COr'GRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX. September 22, 1965
dedication, this new dining hall, and to the
larger, more general purpose of the institute
and school which it is built to serve. Those
who come to eat food in this noble dining
hail, eating food selected and prepared in
accordance with long-established religious
dietary rules, will surely find goodness and
sweetness in that food, as well as the nourish-
ment they need for the strength to pursue
their exacting scriptural studies. So, too, in
the studies they undertake in the Beth Med-
rash Govoha, this school for scholars, they
will experience the sweetness of the truest,
deepest, and highest visdpm, the wisdom of
the Torah. It is fitting and proper that
the students here, who are preparing to lead
and guide and teach the leaders and guides
and teachers of Israel, should be housed and
fed in a manner befitting the nobility of
their calling, and the loftiness of their en-
deavor. The calm-algid noble beauty of this
room is well planned for the least possible
interruption to a scholar's meditations on
the subtleties of scriptural language, or the
depths of moral and spiritual meaning..
One of the finest attributes of the Jewish
tradition is the primary importance given,
in Jewish life, to learning, and particularly
to that most precious learning, the study of
Scripture. I am happy to have this oppore
tunity to express my own admiration for
that tradition, and my happiness in noting
that Christian scholarship, both among Prot-
estants and among Catholics, has in recent
years shown a strong revival of interest
in the direct study of the Bible, as well as
in the historical, archaeological, and linguis-
tic studies that tend to illuminate the scrip-
tural text. There has been, too, a refresh-
ing willingness among Biblical scholars of
different faiths to share their knowledge,
and discuss their problems. One interest
Ing outcome of this phenomenon, of which
you may have heard, is the new edition, ap-
proved for use by Catholics, of the Revised
Standard Version of the Bible, which was
at first prepared entirely under Protestant
auspices. Of more lasting significance,
doubtless, is the custom, now more anti more
observed, of staffing the divinity schools and
schools of religion, in. the various univer-
sities, with scripture scholars belonging to
various religious traditions. In this develop-
ment, most profitable and advantageous to
the students in our American universities,
I foresee a great future value for the Beth
Medrash Govoha, as scholars, well prepared
here, may go forth to enkindle, in the stu-
dents of secular universities, the fire of
the knowledge and love of the Torah. This
institute for advanced Torah studies, this
training-ground for excellence, must spread
its influence, not through Jewish institu-
tions alone, but through all schools and uni-
versities that try to give to their r-tudents
the knowledge and the love of the scriptures.
May your students, fed in this hall on the
food of the body, and fed in the rest of this
school on the food of the mind, live up to
your highest hopes for them. May they serve
as channels for the highest wisdom know to
man, and teachers of the, highest code of
ethical conduct.
I am proud and pleased that Lakewood
should be honored, as the home of so out-
standing a religious and intellectual institu-
tion as the Rabbi Aaron Kotler Institute
for Advanced. Learning. The dignity and
repose of this fine building, admirably
adapted both for solitary study and medita-
tion, and for group discussion and occasional
sociability, will surely aid in the formation of
a new generation of splendid Torah scholars,
in whom the name of the founder, Rav Aaron
Kotler, will be deservedly blessed over and
over again. For as a father is blessed in the
succeeding generations of his sons, and his
sons' sons, so is a-teacher blessed in the-stu-
dents who follow him, and in their turn
become teachers, and the teachers of teach-
ers. And in this connection, it is surely
appropriate that I pay tribute to Rav Shnur
Kotler, who stands here as the second-genera-
tion in each of these aspects, being both a
son succeeding to the place of his father in
this house, and a teacher carrying on the
tradition of his teacher. It is fortunate for
Lakewood, and for the Beth Medrash Govoha,
that such a teacher had such a pupil; that
such a father had such a son; and that the
institution founded by the father is show-
ing such growth and promise under the
leadership of the son.
From generation to generation, and
through many years to come, may this school
of holy wisdom and righteousness, and this
dining hall within it, stand before the world
as a spectacular fulfillment of the riddle of
Samson, under the figure of the honeycomb
in the carcass of a lion: "Out of- the eater
came forth meat, and out of the strong
came forth sweetness."
Dominican Republic Intervention
TENSION OF REMARKS
OF -
HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 21, 1965
Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, at the con-
clusion of the Senate hearings on the re-
cent intervention of the United States in
the Dominican Republic, Senator FUL-
BRIGHT in a statement critical of our
policy in that area raised important ques-
tions in regard to our policy. In an
article in the July 1965 edition of War/
Peace Report, Dr. Juan Bosch, former
President of the Dominican Republic
sheds further light on.the circumstances
in the Dominican Republic prior to the
intervention. I wish to call the attention
of my colleagues to the following article:
[From War/Peace Report, July 1965]
COMMUNISM AND DEMOCRACY IN THE
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
(Speaking from his own experience, the
-former President of the Dominican Republic
addresses himself to this question: Can de-
mocracy best be promoted, and communism
halted, through the use of force or intelli-
gence?)
(By Juan Bosch)
(NoTE.-Juan Bosch is the first man in the
history of the- Dominican Republic to have
become its President through a free elec-
tion. He won his overwhelming-and sur-
prising-victory in December 1962. But in
September 1963, he was overthrown by the
military. In April of this year, pro-Bosch
forces revolted against the government of
Donald Reid, leading to the present crisis.)
SAN JUAN, PUERTO RIco.-After the U.S.
intervention in Santo Domingo, the De-
partment of State first released a list of 53
Dominican Communists; then a list of 58;
and finally, a list of 77.
When I was President of the Dominican
Republic, I calculated that in Santo Do-
mingo there were between 700 and 800 Com-
munists, and I estimated the number of
Communist sympathizers at between 3,000
and 3,600. These 700 or 800 Communists
were divided into three groups, of which,
In my judgment, the largest was the Popular
Dominican Movement, with perhaps between
400 and 500 members in the entire country;
next came the Popular Socialist Party with
somewhat less, around 300 to 400; and then,
in a number that in my opinion did not
reach 50, the Communists had infiltrated the
June 14th movement, some of them in exec-
utive posts and others at lower levels.
I ought to make clear that in 1963 in the
Dominican Republic there was much polit-
ical confusion, and a largenumber of people,
especially middle class youth, did not know
for certain what they were and what they
wanted to be, whether Democrats or Com-
munists. But that has happened in almost
all Countries where there have been pro-
longed dictatorships, once the dictatorships
pass.. After a certain time has elapsed and
the political panorama becomes clarified,
many people who began their public life as
Communists pass into the Democratic camp.
In 1963 the Dominican Republic needed time
for the Democratic -system to clear up the
confusion, and in a sense the time was used
that way, since 700 or 800 Communists, di-
vided into three groups, with sympathizers
numbering between 3,000 and 3,500, could
in no case-not even with arms in their
hands-take-power or even represent a seri-
ousthreat.
If there weren't enough Communists to
take power, there was on the Qther hand a
strong sentiment against persecution of the
Communists. This feeling developed be-
cause during his long tyranny Trujillo al-
ways accused his adversaries of being Corn-
munists. Because of that, anticommunism
and Trujilloism ended up being equivalent
terms in the Dominican political vocabulary.
Moreover, the instruments of oppression-
the :pol?,e and the armed forces-remained
the same in 1963-with the same men who
had served under Trujillo. If I had used
them against the Communists I would have
ended up as their prisoner, and they, for
their, part, would have completely destroyed
the Dominican democratic forces. For those
men, having learned from Trujillo, there was
no distinction between Democrats and Com-
munists; anyone who opposed any of their
violence, or even their corruption, was a
Communist and ought to be annihilated.
INSTANT PERSECUTION
My presumption was correct, as events have
shown. From the dawn of September 25, the
day of the coup d'etat against the govern-
ment-I headed, the police began to perscute
and beat without mercy all the non-Commu-
nist democrats who in the opinion of the
military chiefs would be able to resist the
coup. It was known that in all the coun-
try not one Communist had infiltrated my
party, the Dominican Revolutionary Party
(PRD), but still the leaders and members of
that party were persecuted as Communists.
The chief of police himself insulted the
prisoners by calling them Communists.
Many leaders of the PRD were deported,
and--a curious fact-numerous Communists
who had been in Europe, Russia and Cuba
were permitted to return. But the leaders
of the PRD were not permitted to return, and
if one did he was immediately deported again.
During the 19 months of the government of
Donald Reid, thousands of democrats from
the PRD and hundreds from the Social Chris-
tian Party and the June 14th movement were
jailed, deported, and beaten in a barbaric
manner; the headquarters of these three
parties were assaulted or destroyed by the
police. All the vehicles, desks, typewriters
and other valuable effects of the PRD were
robbed by the police. In the months of
May and June 1964, more than 1,000 mem-
bers of the PRD who had been accused of
being Communists were in jail at one time.
That anti-Communist fury launched
against the democratic Dominicans was an
important factor in the eruption of the
April. revolution because the people were
fighting to regain their right to live under
a legal order, - not a police state. If it had
been I who unleashed that fury, the revolu-
tion would have been against the democratic
regime, not in favor of democracy.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
 September 22, 19 66ipprow@dj gM'XD' M lA-Rppp 46R000500110027-6 A5377
10
It was not necessary to be a political genius
to realize that if anti-Communist persecu-
tion began in the Dominican Republic the
police and the military would also persecute'
the democrats. Neither need one be a po-
litical genius to understand that what the
country needed was not stimulation of the
mad forces of Trujilloism which still existed
in the police and the military, but rather the
strengthening of democracy by demonstrat-
ing to the. Dominicans in practice that what
was best for them and the country was to
live under the legal order of a democratic
regime.
Now then, in the Dominican picture there
was a force that in my opinion was deter-
mining the pointer of the political balance,
in terms of ideologies and doctrines, and
that force was the June 14th movement.
I have said that according to my calcula-
tions there was in the June 14th Movement
an infiltration of less than 50 Communists,
some of them in executive positions and
others at lower levels. But I must state that
control of this party, at all levels,.was held
by an overwhelming majority of young
people who were not Communists aqd some
of whom were strongly _ anti-Communist.
How can one explain that there should be
Communists together with non-Communists
and active anti-Communists? There is one
reason: the June 14th Movement was based,
in all its breadth and at all its levels, on in-
tense nationalism, and that nationalism was
manifested above all in terms of strong
anti-Americanism. To convert that anti-
norteamericanismo into dominicanismo there
was only one way: maintain for a long time
a democratic regime with a dynamic and
creative sense.
APPETITE FOR POWER
I knew that if the country saw the estab-
lishment of a government that was not
elected by the people-that was not consti-
tutional and not respectful of civil liber-
ties-the Communists would attribute this
new government to U.S. maneuvers. I also
knew that in view of the anti-Americanism
of the youth of the middle class-especially
in the June 14th Movement-Communist in-
fluence would increase. The equilibrium of
the political balance was, then, in that
party. Any sensible Dominican politician
realized that. The trouble was that in 1963
the Dominican Republic did not have sen-
sible politicians, or at least not enough of
them. The appetites for power held in check
for a third of a century overflowed, and the
politicians turned to conspiring with Tru-
jillo's military men. The immediate result
was the coup of September 1963; the delayed
result was the revolution of April 1965.
It is easy to understand why Dominican
youth of the middle class was so national-
istic. This youth loved its country, wanted
to see it morally and politically clean, hoped
for its economic development, and thought-
with reason-that it was Trujillo who
blocked morality, liberty and development
of the country. It is also easy to understand
why this nationalism took the form of anti-
Americanism. It was simply a feeling of
frustration. This youth, which had not been
able to get rid of Trujillo,` thought that Tru-
jillo was in power because of his support by
the United States. For them, the United
States and Trujillo were partners, both to
be blamed for what was happening in the
Dominican Republic, and for that reason
their hate for Trujillo was naturally con-
verted into feelings of anti-Americanism.
I am not discussing here whether they
were right or wrong; I am simply stating the
fact. I know that in the United States there
are people who supported Trujillo and others
who attacked him. But the young Dom-
inicans knew only the former and not the
latter, since Trujillo took care to give the
greatest publicity possible to any demon-
stration of support, however small, that was
offered directly or indirectly by a U.S. citi-
zen, whether he was a senator or an ordi-
nary tourist; and on the other hand, he took
great pains to prevent even the smallest no-
tice in the Dominican Republic of any at-
tack by an American citizen. Thus, the
Dominican youth knew only tha Trujillo had
defenders in the United States, not that he
had enemies.
For his part, Trujillo succeeded in creating
with the Dominican people an image of
unity between society and government that
can only be compared with wh. ' has been
produced in countries with Communist re-
gimes. For more than 30 years in the Do-
minican Republic nothing happened-noth-
ing could happen-without an express or-
der from Trujillo. In the minds of Do-
minican youth this image was generalized,
and they thought that in the United States
also nothing could happen without an order
from whoever governed in Washington.
Thus, for them, when an American senator,
newspaperman or businessman expressed
his support of Trujillo, that person was talk-
ing by order of the President of the United
States. To this very day, a large number of
Dominicans of the middle class think that
everything a U.S. citizen says, his Govern-
ment is saying too.
The pointer of the political balance, as I
said earlier, was in the June 14th Move-
ment, which was saturated with anti-Amer-
icanisms. This group included the most
fervent youths and even those best qualified
technically-but not politically-as well as
the more numerous nucleus of middle class
youth; it also constituted the social sector
where Communist sermons could have the
most effect and from whence could come the
resolute leaders that the Communist lacked.
Trujillo had tortured, assassinated and made
martyrs of hundreds of members of the June
14th Movement. To persecute these youths
was to send them into the arms of com-
munism, to give strength to the arguments
of the few Communists that had infiltrated
the movement. The Communists said that
the democracy that I headed received its or-
ders from Washington, the same as had
Trujillo, to destroy the nationalistic youths.
Little by little, as the days passed, the non-
Communist and anti-Communist members
of the June 14th Movement were gaining
ground against the Communists, since they
were able to prove to their companions that
my democratic government neither per-
secuted them nor took orders from Washing-
ton. In 4 years, the democratic but nation-
alistic sector of the June 14th Moverment-
which was in the overwhelming majority-
would have ended the Communist influence
and made itself into a firm support of Do-
minican democracy.
A CHANGE OF TARGETS
The weakness of the Dominican Comanu-
nists was also shown by the activity of the
Social Christian Party, which presented it-
self as militantly anti-Communist. It perse-
outed the Communists everywhere, to the
point that they could not show themselves
in public. But when the Social Christians
realized that the best source of young people
in the country was the June, 14 Movement,
they stopped their street fighting against the
Communists and began a campaign
against imperialismo norteamericano. When
they showed with this battle cry that
they were not a pro-United States party,
they began to attract young adherents who
had been members of the June 14th Move-
ment as well as many others who already
had a clear idea of what they wanted to
be: nationalists and democrats. Thus, the
Social Christian leaders came to understand
that the key to the Dominican political fu-
ture lay in assuring the nationalistic youth
of a worthy and constructive democracy.
What the Social Christians learned by 1963
would have been understood by other politi-
cal groups If the Dominican democracy had
been given time. But this was not be. Re-
aetionaires in the Dominican Republic and
the United States set themselves ferociously
against the Dominican democracy under the
slogan that my government was "soft" on
the Communists.
This is the point at which to analyze
weakness and force, if those two terms sig-
nify opposite concepts. There are two ways
to face problems, particularly political ones.
One is to use intelligence and the other is to
use force. According to this theory, intel-
ligence is weak, and the use of Intelligence,
a sign of weakness.
I think that a subject so complex as politi-
cal feelings and ideas ought to be treated
with intelligence. I think also that force is
a concept that expresses different values, as
can be seen in the United States or in the
Dominican Republic. In the United States,
the use of force means the application of
the law-without crimes, without torture,
without medieval barbarism; in the Domin-
ican Republic, it means quite the contrary;
one does not apply the law without instru-
ments of torture, not excluding assassina-
tion. When a Dominican policeman says of
a person that he is a Communist, he is say-
ing that he, the policeman, has the full right
to beat him, to shoot him, or to kill him.
And since this policeman does not know how
to distinguish between a democrat and a
Communist, he is quite apt to beat, shoot,
and kill a democrat.
It is not easy to change the mentality of
the people who become policemen in the
Dominican Republic, especially with little
time to do it. When the New Englanders
burned women as witches, those who did the
burning believed absolutely that they were
destroying witches. Today, nobody believes
that they were witches. But it is still like
early Salem in Santo Domingo. When a
Dominican policeman is told that he should
persecute a.young man because he is a Com-
munist, the policeman believes with all his
soul that his duty is to kill the youth.
COMMUNIST TAKEOVER?
The problem that my democratic govern-
ment faced was to choose between the use
of intelligence and use of force, while the
time passed during which the hotheaded
youths and uneducated police learned to
distinguish between democracy and com-
munism. And if someone says that in
this period the Communists would be able
to gain strength and take power, I say and
guarantee that they could not do it. Only
a dictatorship can.give to the Communists
the arguments they need for progress in the
Dominican Republic; under a democratic
regime the democratic conscience would out-
strip the Communists.
To return to the concepts of intelligence
and force, I think that they apply to commu-
nism itself in its fight for the conquest of
power. No Communist Party, in no country
of the world, has been able to reach power
solely because it was strong; it has needed,
besides, a leader of exceptional capacity.
The Dominican Communists have not had
and do not have force, and they have not
had and do not have a leader comparable to
Lenin, Mao, Tito, or Fidel; and according to
my prediction, they are not going to have
either the force or the leader in the foresee-
able future.
Dominican communism is in its infancy,
and began, as did Venezuelan communism,
with internal divisions that will require
many years to overcome. Only the long
dictatorship of Perez Jimenez was able to
create the right atmosphere for the different
groups of Communists of the Venezuela of
1945 so that they could come together into
a single party, and the lack of a leader of
exceptional capacity has, in spite of the
power of the party, voided the chance of
Venezuelan communism coming to power.
How many Communists did France have?
How many Italy? But neither French nor
Italian communism ever had leaders capable
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
 A5378 Approved For Rel d2 /g RAEl ft B00A " g~11002 e$.tember 22,'-1965
of carrying it to power. In the Dominican too dangerous for profitable utilization In a subversion, to Communist terror. We see
case, theret is neither the numbers nor the world armed with nuclear weapons. people who remain hungry, who remain ill
leadership. With regard to what he referred to as wars -clothed, ill housed, and uneducated. We
I cannot hope that men like Wessin y of national liberation, however, he stated can see at the outset that no amount of
Wessin, Antonio Imbert, or Jules Dubois will that the Communist movement would recog- military power of any kind is the answer to
know these things, will think about them ; nize and support such wars. With specific their problems. We would be blind indeed,
and will act accordingly. But logically I had reference to the war in Vietnam, he said: however, If we could not also see, as we see
the right to expect that in Washington there "It is a sacred war." in Vietnam, that no government can attack
would be someone who would understand the For 41/2 years we have been forewarned, and solve these problems when it is the
Dominican political scene and the role that What Khrushchev referred to as wars of na- steady victim of armed terror and armed
the Communists could play in my country tional liberation and described as "sacred" insurrection aimed not at the solution of
As Is evident, I was mistaken. In Washing- in Vietnam have been translated on the bbt- the people's problems, but at the domina-
ton they know the Dominican problems onll tiefield and in the cities and countryside into tion of the people themselves. As we look
as they are told of them by Wessin y Wessin attacks by terrorists at night, the blowing up at the globe we also find countless other
Antonio Imbert, and Jules Dubois. of restaurants and buses as well as bridges areas where not only the economic and so-
The lack at adequate knowledge is tanta. and barracks. In a jungle environment at- cial problems are the same as those in Viet-
mount to the nullification of the power of
intelligence, above all in politics, and this:
can only lead. to sorry results. When :intelli?
gence is canceled, its place is occupied by fear.
Today there has spread over the countries;
of America a fear of communism that is lead.
ing us all to kill democracy for fear that,
democracy is the mask of communism.
It seems to me we'have reached the point
where we consider democracy incapable o:.'
resolving the problems of our peoples. Anc:
if we have truly arrived at this point, wa
have nothing to offer humanity. We am
denying our faith, ;we are destroying tha
columns of the temple that throughout ou:
life has been our shelter.
Are we really doing this? No, I should no';
say this. It is the others. Because in spitlt
of everything that has happened, I continua
to believe that democracy Is the dwelling
place of human dignity.
American Airpower in South Vietnam
EXTENSIONii OF REMARKS
HON. DONALD J. IRWIN
tacks on government outposts are carried on
most frequently by platoon or company-sized
units at night. These small units are armed
with mortars, recoilless rifles, machineguns,
and automatic weapons. They do not have
tanks or armored personnel carriers, and they
walk Into battle. They would be hard to
find in a jungle environment in the daytime.
They are harder to find during the night-
time, which they claim for their own.
Arrayed against these small and elusive
units is the military power of America. We
have all the tanks that there are in South
Vietnam. We have all the armored per-
sonnel carriers that there are in South Viet-
nam. We have almost all of the artillery,
and we retain complete mastery of the skies.
Over 20 different models of American air-
craft, undisturbed by enemy aircraft, roam
the skies of South Vietnam at will, subject
only to the danger of ground fire from con-
ventional small arms.
Many voices have been raised asking why
our airpower is unable to find and destroy
the Vietcong In South Vietnam. Chairman
L. MENDEL RIvERS has asked this subcommit-
tee to look into this question. Due to the
present pressing congressional obligations of
the-members and staff of the subcommittee,
we will have limited opportunities to travel
for the purpose of field investigations until
recess of this session of Congress. In addi-
tion. the time allotted to the subcommittee
Wednesday, September 22, 1965
Mr. IRWIN. Mr. Speaker, I wish tl
call the attention of my colleagues to re-
marks made this morning by Congress-
man PIKE, of New York, chairman of tha
Special Subcommittee on Tactical Air
Support of the House Armed Services
Committee. Mr. PIKE's well-reasoned
statement at the opening of subcommit-
tee hearings on the question of why
American airpower has been unable 0
find and destroy the Vietcong in South
Vietnam sets the tone for the hearings;.
As he. said in his statement:
They (the hearings) will not be accorr.-
panied by spectacular press releases, nor will
any of the issues to which we direct our ai?-
tention be prejudged. It is our purpose to
study, and if we can, to help solve them.
Congressman PIKE'S statement fol-
lows:
STATEMENT BY HoN.OTIS G. PIKE, CHAmMA7r,
SPECIAL SUBCOMMrTTEE ON TACTICAL Art.
SUPPORT or Houaz ARMED SERVICES Coat-
MIrIEE, AT OPENING OF HEARINGS, SEPTE&:-
BER 22, 1965
In January 1961, in a report to a Commit.
nist Party conference, Chairman Nikii.a
Khrushchev set forth the doctrine by which
Communist conquest was to be governed in
the future. He described four kinds of wa,;
(1) World wars, (2) local wars, (3) libera-
tion wars, and (4) popular uprisings.
Mr. Khrushchev announced to the word
that international communism was oppose cl
to both world wars and local wars as being
inquire into every detail related to tactical
air support, and therefore we must limit
our investigations to the following aspects:
1. The adequacy of our close air support
during the course of the war in Vietnam and
today;
2. The availability of close air support 24
hours a day under all weather conditions;
3. The quantities available, the cost and
effectiveness of the various tactical aircraft
being used in South Vietnam today;
4. The adequacy of liaison and communi-
cations between the air forces and the ground
forces in Vietnam;
5. The adequacy of existing logistic and
support facilities for tactical aircraft in Viet-
nam;
6. The development of new tactics and
techniques for close air support;
7. Whether any progress has been made in
developing and producing a new type air-
craft for close air support in limited war
situations;
8. The adequacy of our training environ-
ment to simulate conditions such as those
found in Vietnam.
For the purpose of the subcommittee dur-
ing these investigations we have adopted the
Joint Chiefs of Staff definition of close air
support: "Air action against hostile targets
which are in close proximity to friendly
forces and which require detailed integra-
tion of each air mission with the fire and
movement of those forces."
I believe that these hearings have a sig-
nificance beyond our current confrontation
in Vietnam. As we look at the globe we can
see over much of its land surface other
peoples who must be considered amendable
to Communist propaganda, to Communist
natn, but where the geography is the same.
We find countless regions where small bands
of armed guerrillas can operate effectively in
jungles, as the Vietcong do in Vietnam, as
Castro did in Cuba, and as is being done on
the continents of Africa and South America
today.
The question before us is, having been
forewarned, have we adequately forearmed
ourselves? Have we used too much of our
resources in preparing for the kind of war-
fare which Khrushchev has described as in-
tolerable, and not enough of our resources in
preparing for the kind of warfare he de-
scribed as inevitable?
These hearings will of necessity be held
almost exclusively in executive session. They
will not be accompanied by spectacular press
releases, nor will any of the issues to which
we direct our attention be prejudged. It is
our purpose to study and, if we can, to help
solve them. We axe starting our hearings
not with the testimony of planners in the
Pentagon, who would tell us how our system
should work; we are starting our testimony
instead with witnesses who have been on the
firing line in Vietnam and can tell us how it
does work. Today we will hear witnesses
who have been on the ground, and who have
needed air support; tomorrow we will hear
those who have been in the air and have
tried to provide it.. It is obvious that any
weaknesses in our system of close air support
have not proved fatal to those whom we will
hear from. What others who called for air
support and failed to receive it might have
testified we can never know. In future ses-
sions we will hear from the men who plan
our tactics, procure. and manufacture our
planes, and train our pilots. We will visit
the bases and places where these activities
are conducted.
I say to each of the witnesses that before
we can help you, you will have to be candid
with us. I enjoin each of the witnesses to
speak freely and in his own words, to give
an account of his personal combat experi-
ences in Vietnam during which close air
support was requested. We are particularly
interested in your personal evaluation of
what happened, or what should have hap-
pened.
CHANGE OF RESIDENCE
Senators, Representatives, and Delegates
who have changed their residences will please
give information thereof to the Government
Printing Office, that their addresses may be
correctly given in the RECORD.
RECORD OFFICE AT THE CAPITOL
An office for the CONGRESSIONAI. RECORD,
with Mr. Raymond F. Noyes in charge, is lo-
cated in room H-112, House wing, where or-
ders will be received for subscriptions to the
RECORD at $1.50 per month or for single
copies at 1 cent for eight pages (minimum
charge of 3 cents). Also, orders from Mem-
bers of Congress to purchase reprints from
the RECORD should be processed through this
of lee.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
 f846
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE September 22, 1965
the Congress. Because it oduced banner
headlines of an American w Wing to Peiping,
the statement is worth rep oducing in full.
Mr. Rusk was asked abut charges that
Communist China has bee "egging on" the
fight on the subcontinen In a reply of
studied mildness, he said: 'I think there are
those who feel that Chine is trying to fish
in troubled waters here. ' Our own advice
to Peiping would be not 9999o do that and to
stay out of It and give t Security Council
of the United Nations a c ante to settle this
On the other side oft quarrel, the Paki-
stani side, this country as resisted the itch
to make moral judgment about the Kashmir
issue. Instead of tryin , as the Pakistanis
put it, to solve the pro lem rather than the
symptoms, Washingto has kept its right-
eousness under firm co trol. The closest this
country has come to 'a pronouncement on
Kashmir was again tie comment made by
the Secretary of Statepfter testimony on the
Hill last week.
His words were rearkable for measured
care. And once again, because they were
widely misinterpret they are worth citing.
Mr. Rusk was ask about a plebiscite that
would achieve self-determination on Kash-
mir. He said: "We liave expressed our views
on that subject over, the years. That is part
of a general problem of solution of outstand-
ing issues between India and Pakistan. We
believe that these matters should be taken
up and resolved by peaceful means. We do
not believe they should be resolved by
force."
With this country keeping its tone meas-
ured, the Russians and Chinese, far from
scoring great gains as the beaky hawks would
assert, have overryached themselves. The
Chinese, fearful that a settlement of sorts
might be in the works, issued their ultima-
tums in the eviden4 hope of preventing Paki-
stan from coming to terms. Lacking the
capacity for truly serious action on the
ground, they have :been obliged to extend the
ultimatum. It is now not easy to see how
they will emerge vhthout a simultaneous loss
of prestige, and a new confirmation of their
role as chief international troublemaker.
For their part, the Russians, after issuing
the kind of warnigs bound to incite Peiping,
have pulled the grandstand play of calling
fora meeting of ndian and Pakistani repre-
sentatives in M cow. If it comes off at all,
which is extremely doubtful, it is hard to see
how a Moscow eeting can yield concrete
results. Far fr making the most of an
opportunity, the {Russians seem merely to be
underlining their own limitations. They may
end up with egg l11 over their face.
The lesson hete is not simply Milton's
homily that "theyy also serve who only stand
and wait"; that, after all, was an ode to
blindness. The t ue lesson, the lesson for
those who would 4ee in the dark, is that in
this country's co tacts with the Chinese
Communists, the ' llicose reaction is almost
always the wrong action. The right policy
is to turn to ace nt against the Chinese
the miasmic politi swamps that fringe the
Asian heartland. d nowhere is that more
t,Lue than in that other Asian trouble spot
THE DOMINICAN CRISIS
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
in recent weeks I have tried to read all
testimony available regarding the situa-
tion in the Dominican Republic last
spring. Having heard the discussion in
the Senate in the course of the debate
regarding the judgment, or lack of judg-
ment, of our Ambassador to the Domini-
can Republic, Mr. Bennett, Jr., I have
reached my own conclusion that the
greater weight of the evidence justifies
the conclusion that the recent state-
ment of Chairman J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT,
of the Senate Committee on Foreign Re-
lations, was corroborated and sound.
It is to be noted that following the
time Ambassador W. Tapley Bennett,
Jr., made his frantic call to the White
House pleading for the immediate send-
ing in of American marines to save
American lives, his plea was immediately
complied with. Instead of a few thou-
sand marines being sent in to maintain
order and save the lives of American
civilians, allegedly in danger according
to Ambassador Bennett, more than
30,000 men of our Armed Forces were
sent in.. This would seem almost enough
to sink that little island.
I said on May 12, and I consider it a
sound statement, that the threat of a
Communist takeover was misrepresented
and exaggerated. A theatrical touch
was added with the statement that our
Ambassador, Mr. Bennett, was making
his plea from beneath his desk while our
Embassy was being fired on. Of course
our President is not to be blamed for
relying upon the statements of his Am-
bassador.
It is noteworthy that not one American
civilian was killed or wounded in the
fighting that took place either before or
after Ambassador Bennett made the
frantic plea for help. Unfortunately
there was fighting between the forces of
the military junta and those who were
referred to as rebels. The first American
killed was a marine who was accidently
shot by a fellow marine.
It is noteworthy also that practically
all dispatches made public by our State
Department and by our President follow-
ing the initial plea of Ambassador Ben-
nett, Jr. referred to U.S. Ambassadors
Martin or Bunker. Ambassador Bunker
had apparently taken over. Fortunately,
the leader of the junta, Wessin y Wessin,
has recently been deported from that
unhappy island and is now voicing his
complaints from the safety of Florida.
Disorder and rioting have ceased, civil
authority has been restored. This is all
to the good. I am hopeful that free elec-
tions in the Dominican Republic will be
held as promised.
It is an unfortunate fact that we have
in our State Department some officials
who seem to denounce as Communists
Latin American leaders who take action
in opposition to the wealthy economic
royalists of any Latin American country.
I observed this firsthand while with a
factfinding study group in South Amer-
ica for some weeks. Personally, I con-
sider that W. Tapley Bennett, Jr. is one
who indicated sympathy for and agree-
ment with leaders of the Dominican
junta, and considered the democratic ele-
ments and supporters of Juan Bosch as
infiltrated or controlled by Communists.
There was no justification for that con-
clusion.
Dr. Juan Bosch, during his 7-month
administration as elected president of
the Dominican Republic, commenced to
give that little island and its people their
first experience in democratic govern-
ment instead of tyranny. He was ousted
by a military junta aided by one of the
assassins of the despot Trujillo. In
Brazil, Venezuela, Chile and other Latin
American countries there are those lead-
ers who are seeking to release the people
from the stranglehold of absentee land-
lordism and to break up huge estates and
distribute a part of their huge landhold-
ings to the impoverished, underprivi-
leged laborers and peasants and free
them from misery and squalor. Even
though such expropriation proceedings
are proposed by legal action, it appears
that some of our Ambassadors to Latin
American countries have in the past al-
most automatically regarded such lead-
ers as Communists or Communist sym-
pathizers: On the basis of evidence I
have read, I believe there is clear and
convincing.proof that Ambassador Ben-
nett, Jr., failed to distinguish between
truly democratic elements in the citi-
zenry and the Communist elements. He
showed prejudice in favor of the military
junta and against democratic elements
of the Dominican Republic.
I am convinced that the views of
Chairman FULBRIGHT, that the rebel
forces were not controlled by Commu-
nist elements, are correct. I am con-
vinced that Ambassador Bennett's con-
clusions lacked justification. Further-
more, as an indication that Chairman
FULBRIGHT'S conclusions have basis in
fact, it is well known that almost im-
mediately our President dispatched as
special envoy John Bartlow Martin and
a little later Ellsworth Bunker, to take
over in the Dominican Republic. Fol-
lowing that time, order was restored.
Citizens of the Dominican Republic seem
to have confidence in Ambassador's Mar-
tin and Bunker when many had appar-
ently lacked confidence in Ambassador
W. Tapley Bennett, Jr. it is evident
that our President felt the same way.
Mr. President, it seems to me irrefut-
able that our President's reliance, di-
rectly after the start of the rioting and
the sending in of Marines responding to
the plea of Ambassador W. Tapley Ben-
nett, Jr., upon John Bartlow Martin and
Ellsworth Bunker and apparent disre-
gard of Bennett, Jr., is further verifica-
tion of the soundness of Chairman FuL-
BRIGHT'S conclusions. In my opinion
cur colleague, Chairman FULBRIGHT, had
the greater weight of the evidence in
support of his conclusions.
Certainly the Dominican Republic is
within our sphere of influence in the
Western Hemisphere. We cannot tolerate
any Communist takeover of authority in
that little island and I assert there was
no evidence of any Castro-like takeover.
No Communist was a leader in the revolt.
In my judgment there was no preponder-
ance of the evidence available or adduced
that such a Communist takeover was
even remotely in prospect.
Dan Kurzman, staff writer of the
Washington Post, reported that Col.
Francisco Caamafio Deno of the so-called
rebel forces stated that Ambasador Ben-
nett laughed at him when he asked the
Ambassador's help to end the bloodshed.
Colonel Caamafio stated he was ready to
agree to a cease-fire and to negotiate
with the military junta but that Am-
bassador Bennett refused to mediate and
laughed scornfully at him. It is to be
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
September 22, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
traditional system is too entrenched. At
Eisenhower College, three trimesters per
year will be the standard.
4. An outstading teacling faculty: Col-
lege teachers are in shor$ supply. The best
college teachers are far, too few. Eisen-
hower College intends to be one of the places
to which they gravitate. (Keen interest has
already been expressed by established teach-
ers in leading institutions across the coun-
try.) Elements which produce this gravita-
tional pull include an academic environ-
ment which is stimulating to the keenest
mind; a challenge to teach well, but with
opportunity for research, publication, study
and travel; a sound, but unbiased, Christian
outlook; an academic calendar so construe-
ted as to provide refresher breaks three times
each year and a regular 4--month leave every
3 years; a curriculum trimmed of frills and
irrelevancies so that concentration may be
centered on essentials; salaries competitive
from the very beginning with the wealthiest
colleges; the stimulus of a new program, a
share in the direction of educational poli-
cies; and such fringe attractions as residence
in an attractive region near metropolitan
centers.
5. A broad range of student opportunity:
Whatever the background of circumstances
and pre-college achievement-it is the prom-
ise of the applicant that will determine his
admission to Eisenhower; College. A com-
mon false Index of "excellence" has been
the limitation of admissions to students in
the top 10 percent or even 5 percent of their
high school classes. This excludes many
talents of significant promise. Under these
standards, many of the most distinguished
graduates of our ivy-covered institutions
could not gain admission to those salpe col-
leges today.
Admission to Eisenhower College will rep-
resent not solely a reward for past perform-
ance, but also a challenge for the future.
Potential motivation will cou)lt heavily in
the balance of qualifications,. Eisenhower
College believes that students of promise are
distributed widely throughout at least the
top 40 percent of high school achievers and
not confined to the top 10 percent. There-
fore, while maintaining unremittingly high
standards, its doors will be open to a much
broader range of promise than is usual.
6. An efficient college plant: Education
often suffers in quality because of an inade-
quate, poorly planned, wasteful plant. At
Eisenhower College, the plant will be planned
from the start, and in its! entirety, to serve
the highest intellectual uses. Kinds of
buildings, size, arrangement and location will
all be designed as integral parts of the edu-
cational program itself. Administrative, aca-
demic and living quarters will be inter-
related for maximum use! and impact. The
plant, like the curriculum, will be designed
to serve as a emonstration model. Pre-
liminary architectural studies are proceeding,
and it is Eisenhower College's uncompromis-
ing -aim to bring the leading architectural
insights to the service of Its high academic
These are the six outstanding features of
quality at Eisenhower College: World out-
look, select curriculum, year-round opera-
tion, an outstanding teaching faculty, a
broad range of student opportunity, and an
efficient college plant.
Certain of these, alone, might make Eisen-
hower College a noteworthy undertaking.
Added together, they form a truly unique
profile, significant for the future of higher
education, with a real potential for greatness.
APPOINTMENT OF ELMER HOEHN
AS HEAD OF OIL IMPORT PRO-
GRALVI : - AN INSULT TO AMERICAN
CONSUMERS
Ur. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, at
9." this morning, Mr. Elmer Hoehn
was sworn in as head of the Oil Import
Administration.
If the administration tried to find a
Iran who would be least likely to protect
the interests of the millions of American
consumers of oil, it could not have done
worse.
Mr. Hoelm was executive secretary of
the Independent Oil Producers & Land
Owners Association, Tristate. This or-
gitnization represents producers in In-
d ana, Illinois, and Kentucky.
It has played an active role in ad-
vocating the cutting of imports proposed
b:r the Independent Petroleum Associa-
ti m of America.
As Oil Import Administrator, Hoehn
will have the top responsibility for ad-
justing imports of petroleum and petro-
leum products in the United States in ac-
cordance with the Presidential proclama-
ti)n of-March 10, 1959. Hoehn will run
tlda operation under the Secretary of the
It Iterior.
.v' The 1959 Presidential proclamation in
the interest of national security imposes
restrictions on the Importation of crude
oil, unfinished oil and finished petroleum
products.
As Administrator Hoehn will allocate
iriports of oil among qualified applicants.
Be will issue import licenses on the basis
of such allocations.
Thus, a man who had been hired to
represent the oil interests fighting quotas
will now sit in the driver's seat to deter-
m ine how big those quotas will be.
It would be difficult to imagine a more
unethical betrayal of the consumers' in-
te rests, or a more deliberate insult to the
A3lericanoil consumer.
Elmer Hoehn is the same man report-
ect by oil Daily as active in discussions
with the Democratic Platform Committee
last Fall regarding depletion and oil Im-
ports. -
Hoehn appears to have proved his ef-
fectiveness to the oil industry then.
The 1960 Democratic platform had
di{hounced depletion as a conspicuous
lp9phole that is inequitable. But the
U64 platform-showing the influence of
Hoehn-does not mention this most no-
torious of oil tax loopholes.
U4ITED STATES HANDLING OF IN-
DIA-PAKISTAN WAR EXCELLENT
TO DATE
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President,
ti', ere is always a carload of brickbats
U,, rown at the administration when any-
t1, Ing goes wrong with our foreign policy.
Ir, the kind of world in which we live,
w'th America as the unquestioned lead-
er'of the free world and the pre-eminent
military force in the world, this Nation-
and specifically the President of this
Nation--i.s blamed for almost everything
that happens throughout the world. The
India-Pakistan war is no exception.
Thoughtful and careful observers now
are coming to agree that the way the
President and Secretary of State have
handled the India, Pakistan war has won
very high marks for professional com-
petence.
Of course, we can never be sure what
is going. to happen tomorrow or an hour
from now, but at present it appears
that the quiet, steady, but powerful, in-
fluence of this Nation may be " the big
element in winning a peaceful resolution
of the tragic India-Pakistan clash.
In the course of this development, the
rough and ready willingness of China to
exploit the war has been met by the
Johnson administration quietly but very
effectively indeed. The consequence for
our position in Vietnam as well as else-
where in Asia, and indeed in the world,
has been all to the good.
One of the most thoughtful and per-
ceptive appraisals of this American for-
eign policy success, an analysis by
Joseph Kraft, appeared in this morning's
Washington Post. I ask unanimous con-
sent that it be printed at this point in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
PEACEMAHINQ IN ASIA
(By Joseph Kraft)
Victory a la Hitler and Napoleon, victory
that means seized capitals and subdued
countries, is not In the cards in the Indian
subcontinent. Given the terrain, the size
of the forces, and the state of the local art,
the worst likely military trouble is intensi-
fied fighting ending in the kind of non-end
that has characterized almost all frontier
struggles in the postwar era.
But there is a serious, diplomatic danger
that could materialize within a month. It
would be possible for Russia to emerge from
the present troubles as the dominant diplo-
matic power in India. China could emerge
as the dominant diplomatic power in Paki-
stan. It is against that awful outcome that
American diplomacy must be mobilized.
So far it can be said that the administra-
tion has met the test with remarkable so-
phistication. It has shown a clear apprecia-
tion of what has been going on. It hasscru-
pulously avoided panicky reactions and uni-
lateral moves that could only make matters
worse. It has even avoided that fatal com-
bination ' that has been the hallmark of
American diplomacy through the decades-
the combination of :force and unctuous recti-
tude.
On one Side, the :India-n side, of the quar-
rel, this country has for once resisted the
temptation to indulge in. an orgy of China-
baiting. Unlike the Pakistanis, Indians and
Russians who have all been doing the kind
of things that make the Chinese look 10 feet
tall, the United States has been patient and
moderate.
The strongest official statement about
Chinese intervention made by the United
States was a remark made last week by the
Secretary of State after giving testimony to
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
Septani6er 22, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 23847
noted that Ambassador John Bartlow
Martin, directly after his arrival in the
Dominican Republic, encouraged media-
tion efforts between the two factions.
It has seemed to me that there was
never an occasion for us to have approxi-
mately 30,000 men of our Armed Forces
in Santo Domingo. This could be likened
to wielding a sledgehammer to drive in a
tack.
Fortunately, instead of aiding and
abetting General Wessin y Wessin and
other junta leaders as apparently was
done by Ambassador Bennett at the out-
set, our policy was reversed, and wisely.
Wessin y Wessin is in exile and civilian
authority is now in charge.
Very likely more of our Marines will
shortly be withdrawn as law and order
seem to have been restored. Recogni-
tion, although belated, was given to the
Organization of American States and
small military components of some mem-
bers of that organization have been and
are presently helping uphold civilian
authority.
s price pattern is repeated and
er auto firms follow Chrysler's
economy could be great. Based
anticipated sale of 9 million cars
1966 model year, a price hike fol-
the lines of the Chrysler an-
ANNOUNCEMENT BY CHRYSLER )viewed in light of recent price rises in
CORP. OF PRICE INCREASE Il~.lother basic industries, could touch off
tone MF- Tr - % an inflationary spiral.
the past the auto companies generally
have followed the highest price leader.
In 1956, for example, Ford initially an-
nounced an average price increase on its
1957 models of. 2.9 percent. Two weeks
later General Motors increased its 1957
model prices by an average of 6.1 per-
cent. Promptly Ford and Chrysler re-
vised their prices upward to match al-
most dollar for dollar the higher GM
A de
in this
would
cern a
within
If t
on a
Mr. HART. Mr. President, to I adverse consequences of inflationary
would like to comment on the rec an- moves at this time. But it is a conse-
nouncement by Chrysler rp. of quence which we must continually be
price increases for their 196 odel cars. on guard to prevent.
To me, as one outside corporation, It is true that all the economic factors
Chrysler's new price edule is-in the of this price boost are not yet in. But
light of profit es-both surprising on the face of it, justification is doubt-
and distu As the table, which I ful at best.
shall ask be made part of the RECORD The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
at the conclusion of my remarks, demon- time of the Senator has expired.
strates, in 1964 the Chrysler Corp. re- Mr. HART. Mr. President, I ask
ported profits, after taxes, of $214 mil- unanimous consent that I may have 1
lion-equal to a return of more than 19 additional minute.
percent of its invested capital. The Ford objection, it is so ordered.
Motor Co. earned more than half a bil- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
lion dollars in profits, after taxes. And Mr. HART. When General Motors and
the General Motors Corp. reported the Ford sit at their respective conference
greatest profits of any corporation in U.S. tables to decide how to react to the
history, more than $1.734 billion-equal Chrysler action, I hope that the con-
to a return of 23 percent on its invested sumer view will also be heard.
capital. I ask unanimous consent that a statis-
The company cites increased costs of tical table using July's Fortune magazine
new equipment as the reason for the statistics and a news article from the
boost. Certainly everyone applauds the Wall Street Journal of September 22 be
installation of safety equipment on the included at this point in the RECORD.
new car models, and most certainly the There being no objection, the table
present occupant of the chair [Mr. KEN- and article were ordered to be printed
NEDY of New York]. But we would not in the RECORD, as follows:
want this to be a smokescreen for un- Profits in the auto industry, 1964
justified increase
InIn its price increase announcement
Chrysler made no mention of increased
productivity. That would appear to
in cost or the added safety features.
Productivity-output per man-hour-
in the auto industry is increasing at a
very rapid rate-by as much of 5 per-
cent according to some sources, by at
least 3.5 percent according to very con-
servative estimates. This means that
the same number of cars can be built
this year as a year ago, with somewhere
between 3.5 and 5 percent fewer man-
hours. The savings in costs per unit of
output are obvious.
Another real concern is whether the
other auto firms will follow traditional
practice and match the increases. In
General Motors-----------
Ford----------------------
Chrysler--------------
American Motors---------
- -------
After tax
After
net profit
$1,734,782,000
505, 642, 000
213, 770, 000
26, 227, 27,0010
Profit as
percent of
invested
capital
22.8
12.6
19.1
9.4
MOST OF CHRYSLER PRICE INCREASES EXCEED
COST OF ADDED SAFETY ITEMS BY $10 TO
$35
Price increases posted by Chrysler Corp. on
its 1966 models generally exceed the cost of
safety equipment added to the cars by $10 to
$35, with most increases in the higher end
of the range.
Chrysler announced prices late Monday for
cars that go on sale September 30, becoming
the first auto company to list 1966 price tags.
The company raised base prices on most of
its 128 models by 2.1 to 3.6 percent.
There were indications in Detroit that
General Motors Corp. also may announce
prices soon, although GM's divisions won't
put new cars on sale until October 7-14.
Ford Motor Co. and American Motors Corp.
said they don't expect to announce prices un-
til shortly before they start selling new
models, October 1 for Ford and October 7
for AMC. None of the other companies
would comment on Chrysler's price increases
or their own price plans.
Industry sources were surprised at Chrys-
ler's decision to announce 1966-model prices
so early, especially in view of indications
from Washington officials that they expected
the auto industry to hold the price line.
Chrysler said yesterday that it hadn't re-
ceived any comment from Federal officials'on
its decision to raise prices.
ADMINISTRATION NONCOMMITTAL FOR NOW
A Washington official said yesterday that
unless there's an abrupt change of plans,
the Johnson administration expects to re-
main noncommittal on the Chrysler price
changes until late November or early Decem-
ber.
It will take until then, he explained, for
the Bureau of Labor Statistics to evaluate the -
changes in its usual manner as It prepares
the consumer price index. The announce-
ment by Chrysler came too late this month
to be included in the index of September, he
explained, so it will be reflected in the index
for October.
Also, the administration has decided it
must wait because the Bureau has a long-
established procedure for determining to
what extent quality improvements offset any
increases in auto prices, and because the Bu-
reau is known for being "Immune from poli-
tics and pressure of all kinds."
REUTHER DENOUNCES ACTION
Walter P. Reuther, president of the United
Auto Workers, denounced Chrysler's price
increases, charging they had "absolutely no
economic justification." He alleged that
production efficiency was so high In the auto
industry that prices could be cut and still
allow the companies "handsome profits."
"If the price increase announced by Chrys-
ler 1s a forerunner of similar action by the
balance of the industry," Mr. Reuther said,
the UAW will ask Congress to "initiate a
searching investigation of auto costs, prices
and profits."
Mr. Reuther hinted strongly that the UAW
will urge the Johnson administration to pres-
sure Chrysler and other companies on their
pricing plans. "It isn't yet too late to turn
back this profiteering assault on the con-
sumer and on national price stability," Mr.
Reuther said. "Chrysler can be persuaded
to back down if General Motors and Ford
refuse to go along, just as U.S. Steel was per-
suaded to rescind its unjustifiable 1962 price
increase" by President Kennedy.
One Congressman attacked Chrysler's price
increases yesterday. Noting that the Federal
excise tax was reduced from 10 percent to
7 percent last summer, Representative VANIK,
Democrat, of Ohio, charged;. "It looks as
though the auto industry Is reneging on its
promise of less than a year ago to pass the
excise tax reduction on to the American con-
sumer."
The 10-percent factory tax on autos was
cut to 7 percent retroactive to May 15 and is
to drop to 6 percent next January 1; it is to
fall to 4 percent a year later and to 2 percent
on January 1, 1968, leveling off at 1 percent
on January 1, 1969.
. TAX SAVINGS PASSED ALONG
To reserve judgment until the bureau's
analysis is completed, more than 2 months
hence, could reduce the Government's
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R0005001100.27-6
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
23848 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 0,-.14965
chances of countering through publicit:% any Chrysler-Plymouth Division printed in the June 17, 1965, issue of the
price increase that might prove to have Newark Evening News.
occurred. But the matter is too important 1906 196$ I In The second article, by Mr. Robert
to warrant "going off half-cocked," ai one crease
official put it. Waters, is from the Hartford, Conn.,
Chrysler maintained, however, that I, was Courant of August 2, 1965. It reports
that U.S. Attorney Jon O. Newman has
continuing to pass along excise tax satlings Valiant (compact): 4-door200sedan -------------- $2,167 $2,226 $69
to customers and added that it will also pass Signet convertible____________ 2,626 2,827 1 instructed Federal law-enforcement
along future reductions in the tax which Barracuda 2-doer hardtop---- 2,463 2, 556 103 agencies :in Connecticut to obey the Fed-
Congress has scheduled. Belvedere (intermediate):
Price increases were necessitated b3- the Belvedere I, 2-doer sedan----- $198 2,277 79 oral ban on wiretapping and to limit their
Belvedere II, 4-door sedan ---- 2,321 2,405 84 bugging activities to those types per-
addition of five safety items as star.dard Satellite V-8, 2-door hardtop- 2,612 2,695 83 mitted by law. This is an admirable step
equipment and certain other improvenents Fury (standard):
in the cars, Chrysler said. The safety i:iems, Fury I, 2-door ---------------- 2,348 2,426 78 in the right direction and I want to com-
Fury II V-8, 4-door sedan---- 2,604 2,684 80
mend Mr. Newman for it; but I would
which previously were offered only as options Fury IIi, V-8,4-door sedan-__ 2,763 2,823 70
on most models, added an average of $19 to Chrysler: also point out; that it is a sad state of
the retail prices of 1966 cars, Chrysler Indi- Newport, 4deorsedan -------- 2,968 3,052 84 affairs when Federal agencies must be
cated. New Yorker,2 2-door hardtop 4,008 4,157 59
Imperial: reminded. to obey the law.
Most of Chrysler's price increases fell in a 4-doorhardtop2-------------- 6,691 5,733 42 Finally, I have three articles from the
range from $59 on a typical Valiant compact
to $84 on a typical Plymouth. Thus it-. was Chicago papers, all dealing with the same
indicated that $10 to $3b of the pricii in- ' Chrysler-Plymouth 1966 cars Include the following Case. In this recent case, a Federal judge
items as standard equipment, which were options on dismissed. indictments against two men
creases couldn't be attributed to additFpnal most Plymouth models in 1965: Backup lights, outside
safety equipment, which was placed oa all left rear-view mirrors, padded Instrument panels, and alleged to be gamblers because the In-
cars after congressional prodding. variable speed windshield wipers and washers. Chrysler ternal Revenue Service had used one of
There were exceptions to the general pat- Corp. said the 1968 retail price for these items as op
lions averaged $49, varying from $47.50 to $52.05, de- its electronic snooping devices to obtain
tern. Prices of some Dart and Valiant pending on the model. The manufacturer's wholesale evidence against them. Now, the IRS
models were increased only by an amount price was $40.20, according to industry sources.
has been saying that the hearings of the
approximately equal to the former optional 2 Chrysler and Imperial cars carried the previously
retail rice of currently standard sfet listed items as standard equipment in 1965, but for 1966 Subcommittee on Administrative Prac-
retail y certain other items have been added as standard equip Mice and Procedure have.been hurting the
equipment. On the other hand, the price ment on these models. Chrysler New Yorkers now have
of the sporty Barracuda was Increase I by a 440-cubic-inch-engine as standard equipment replacing organized crime drive. I think these ar-
$103, or more than $50 above the app rent a 413-cubic-inch engine. Imperials also have the larger
engine, along with reclining seats and integral head- titles indicate that one thing that hinders
cost of additional safety equipment. - rests as standard equipment. the organized crime drive is the illegal
Big Chryslers and Imperials, which carried NoeE All cars sold in California will carry an anti- and unconstitutional tactics used by IRS
safety equipment as standard In 1965, will smog device as standard equipment in compliance with agents.
cost $42 84 more than in 1965. . But State law. The devices will increase base price of
bigger engines and certain other features 6-cylinder ears by $18 and 8-cylinder cars by $25. Chrysler Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
have been made standard in these pass, Corp. said. sent to have these articles printed in the
Chrysler said. On the basis of 1965 optional Dodge Division RECORD.
prices for the larger engines and other than There being no objection, the articles
optional features, Chrysler said it has Attu- 1965 1966 1 In. were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
ally cut prices by as much as $152 for a com- crease as follows:
parably equipped Imperial. Based or' the - -
company's figuring, some other Chrysler and [From the Chicago Sun-Times, July 30, 1965]
Imperial models were effectively reduc 3d in Dart (compact): I3008IF: INDICTMENTS VOIDED-PHONE SNOOPER
4-doorsedan ------------------ $2,112 $2,168 $46 HELD ILLEGAL
price. But prices of some luxury cars were 270 4-door station wagon ------ 2,472 2,533 61
Increased by as much as $59, by the com- GT V-8 hardtop-- ___________ 2,500 2,545 45 A Federal judge delivered a blow to the
pany's own figuring. Coronet (intermediate): Government's war on bookies Thursday as
4-doorsedan ------------------ 2,227 2,302 75 he dismissed two indictments on the ground
OTHER COMPANIES' ITEMS Deluxe 4-door station wagon-. 2,556 2,631 75
The safety package a Chrysler has added to 440 convertible_______________ 2,586 2,672 86 that they were based on evidence gathered by
y pa g Polara (standard): a telephone snooper device.
all its cars doesn't include some items 7ther 318 4-door sedan______________ 2,695 2,763 68 Freed were Nick Guglielmo, 34, of 4824 West
companies have said will be standarl on 4-door hardtop__ _____________ 2,874 2,948 74 Bice, and Joseph B. (Joey 34, of 48 Delmonico, 46,
their models. The other three companies Monaco (called Custom 880 in will offer the same safety items as Ch:ysler 2-door of 69 Park, Cicero.
hardtop__ ___________ 3,043 3,107 64 They ey were arrested August 21, 1964, in a
plus padded sun visors and, In the case basement at 2501 South Gunderson, Berwyn,
of American Motors and Ford, four-way: lash-
Dodge 1966 cars include the following items as stand- which raiding authorities said was awire-
ing systems for emergency use. and equipment, which were options on most Dodge
fail-
Based on present optional prices, pt dded models in 1965: Backup lights, outside left-hand rear- room center, They were charged with fail-
visors and flashing systems would add ; Lbout view mirror, padded instrument panel and variable speed the to possess Federal wagering stamps and
$25 to the price of a car. Accordingly, if wipers and washers. Chrysler Corp. said the 1965 retail failure to register as bookmakers.
Ford and AMC increase prices for their i tided price for these items as options averaged $49, varying Chief Judge William J. Campbell, of U.S.
from $47.60 to $52.05, depending on the model. The district court, ruled the use of a pen register
safety equipment as expected, they may find manufacturer's wholesale price was $40.20, according to
that their models are at about the same price industry sources. system by the Illinois Bell Telephone Co. to
level as competitive Chrysi4lr models -but NOTE.-All cars sold in California will carry an anti- record the dial pulses of all telephone num-
without the $10 to.$35 Chrysler will get on smog device as standard equipment in compliance with bers called from a phone in the basement was
most of its models above the price of vaffety State law. The devices will increase base prices of 6- a violation of the Federal Communications
equipment. cylinder cars by $18 and 8-cylinder cars by $25, Chrylser Act,
Chrysler said It will make padded. sun Corp. said. F7RST COURT RULING
visors standard ;equipment on all its curs in A phone company spokesman said Judge
January; this item costs $5 to $6 as an op- BIG BROTHER: IRS SNOOPING Campbell's ruling was the first of Its kind
tion. Chrysler and GM will offer flashing - Though the pen register system had been.
systems only as options In 1966; this item Mr. LONG of Missouri. Mr. President, .used to develop hundreds of cases, the com-
costs $19 to $20 as an option. I would like to call the Senate's atten- pony's legal department was unaware, he
Chrysler apparently feels the auto market tion to Some recent newspaper articles said, of any pending cases that might be
is strong enough to absorb price Inc ceases which I think indicate a growing public affected by the decision.
without dampening buyer interest, although awareness of the big brotherism which U.S. Attorney Edward V. Hanrahan de-
In the past Chrysler officials have cr sifted threatens our freedoms. dined immediate comment. The pen register
general price stability over the ast 6 years has been used by State as well as Federal
as a strong factor in rising sales. But along I welcome this growing awareness, Mr. authorities to obtain search warrants for
with other auto companies, Chrysler has said President. I think the American people raids,
recently that it expects 1966 sales to at are beginning to realize what some of the The phone company emphasized that the
least equal this' year's record volume. agents in the IRS and the FDA and some pen register is a recording device at the
Chrysler said retail prices of options and of our other Government agencies are central office which cuts out after the dial.,
accessories remain generally unchanged in up to. And when enough of them realize :ing process is completed, without indicating
1966. that, I think they are going to demand 'whether or not the call was completed.
Following are representative retail prices that we do something about it. It is used in the regular course of business,
of Chrysler Corp. cars. They include the 7 the spokesman said, to trade lewd and nui-?
percent Federal excise tax for both yea: a and The first of these articles is an excerpt sance calls and to further the company's;
certain other charges, but exclude nor--Fed- from the very fine statement of Dr. Wil- studies of traffic. It was developed originally.
eral taxes, freight charges and optional liam M. Beaney, a professor of political to test the dialing accuracy of subscribers
equipment. science and law at Princeton University, using dial phones for the first time.
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6'
 Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
September 22, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 23839
B.J. Res. 98. Joint resolution authorizing evidence doesn't verify the administration's paper happened to win over all the other
and requesting the President to extend assertion that the revolution was in danger publications in the United States, both
through 1966 his proclamation of a period of being taken over by Communist elements large and small.
to "See the United States," and for other when we intervened. Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, will the
purposes. Senator FULBRIGHT also raised other im- Senator yield?
portant questions that our Latin American Mr. AIKEN. I yield to the Senator
policymakers would do well to ponder before
ADDRESSES, EDITORIALS, ARTI- they advise the President to intervene In from Pennsylvania.
CLES, ETC., PRINTED IN THE AP- another revolution. Most important, Sen- Mr. CLARK. Is the Senator putting
PENDIX ator FULBRIGHT asks whether the adminis- in the RECORD an editorial about the Do-
tration's reaction to the Dominican crisis is minican situation from a Bennington,
On request, and by unanimous consent, part of a broader shift in its attitudes Vt., newspaper?
addresses, editorials, articles, etc., were toward Latin American countries. Mr. AIKEN. That is correct. It is a
ordered to be printed in the Appendix, He makes it clear that social revolution is well A KE editorial, and it relates to
as follows: inevitable in Latin America, and that the written By Mr. MONRONEY: United States can use its power to influence the speech which was made by the Sena-
Latin Americans make. This tor from Arkansas, the chairman of the
Address entitled "America, the Beautiful," the choice the choice, more often than not, will be between Senate Foreign Relations Committee by Russell E. presiden of the Honorable on Foundation Train, corrupt military dictatorships and social {Mr. FULBRIGHT], last week.
president of the Conservation , at revolutionary parties. Mr. CLARK. I have found myself in
the annual meeting of the American Forestry "Since just about every revolutionary complete agreement with the editorial,
Association, held jointly with the National movement is likely to attract Communist compl I thought was very
he ed oial.
Council of State Garden Clubs, at Jackson support, at least in the beginning," the
Lake Lodge, Wyo.; which will appear here- senator declared, "the approach followed in I wonder if the Senator from Vermont is
after in the Appendix. the Dominican Republic, if consistently pur- also in accord.
By Mr. M : sued, must inevitably make us the enemy Mr. AIKEN. I made a few remarks
Article entitled ed "From Race of Sorrows to of all revolutions and therefore the ally of the other day to the effect that while I
Morning Star," written by Beverley B. Mo- all the unpopular and corrupt oligarchies thought the President was justified in
rales and published in the Billings Gazette, of the hemisphere."
taking some action that night-I think
in tribute to the St. Labre Mission. The United States must decide, he sug- he would probably have been negligent
By Mrs. d GER: gested, "whether, by supporting reform, we
Article entitled "Are Are Trading Stamps Loos- bolster the popular non-Communist left, or had he not taken some action-I agreed
ing Their Punch?" published in Business whether, by supporting unpopular oligar- with the Senator from Arkansas that
Week of September 4, 1965. chies we drive the rising generation of edu- there were a good many unnecessary
By Mr. LAUSCHE: cated and patriotic young Latin Americans mistakes made before a temporary gov-
Constitution Day Day program of the Canton, to an embittered and hostile form of com- ernment was finally established, pri-
Oh Kiwanis Club. munism like that of Fidel Castro." marily by backing the wrong--
Predictably, the words had hardly left Sen- Mr. CLARK. Horse?
Mr. AIKEN. The wrong personality
FULBRIGHT'S ac- ERICAN FOREIGN POLICY IN THE ator being soft before he was these
cured of of being soft on communism, but these
V DOMINICAN REPUBLIC charges in no way detract from the import- to start with, and certain other mistakes
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, since the ance of the issues he has raised. Interven- which I do not intend to itemize.
chairman of the Foreign Relations Com- tion in the affairs of another nation, as Mr. CLARK. I thank my friend from
the United States often loudly proclaims, is Vermont.
mittee [Mr. FULBRIGHT] made a speech an extreme and not easily justified course
on the floor of the Senate last week rel- of action. The lessons learned in the Do-
ative to our operations in the Dominican minican Republic should make us think PEACEMAKING IN ASIA
Republic, many words have been spoken twice before trying it again. Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, the im-
Chamber. reference to that speech in the Under normal circumstances, one might
Chamber. However, as might have been perhaps question the propriety of such a mediate reaction of the United States to
expected, the reception given the speech frontal attack by the Democratic chairman the war between Pakistan and India,
outside the halls of Congress was some- of the Foreign Relations Committee on the and to the Chinese border demands upon
policies of a Democratic president. But the India, has been one of admirable re-
what warmer than the reception given circumstances in this case are not normal, straint. President Johnson and his for-
it by certain Senators. first, because the Republican leadership in lion policy advisers are to be commend-
I ask unanimous consent to have Congress is too illiberal to make the point ed for the fiadvss and sophistication end-
printed in the RECORD at this point an that FULBRIGHT has made, and second, be- hav shown en dealing with thi grave
editorial which appeared in the Benning- cause the issue raised by our Dominican
ton Banner, of Bennington, Vt., on Sep- adventure is far too important to be stifled crisis in the Asian subcontinent.
tember 20, entitled "Senator FULBRIGHT's by a senseless consensus. In this morning's edition of the Wash-
It can be argued, perhaps, that the Sena- ington Post, Mr. Joseph Kraft contributes
Unpleasant Truths." tor does not make sufficient allowances for a brilliant article, entitled "Peacemaking
There being no objection, the editorial the political dilemma which the Johnson in Asia," in which he gives the Johnson
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Administration faced in the Dominican administration the credit due it for the
as follows: crisis. Obviously the President and his ad- admisteps taken thus fdu in for he
SENATOR FULBRIGHT'S UNPLEASANT TRUTHS visers were strongly motivated by a morbid initial
It will be surprising if Senator FuLBRIGHT's fear of what would happen to the Demo- with the delicate diplomatic problems
crats' political fortunes if they permitted posed by this unfortunate war.
blockbusting
in n the Dominic stDominican n last Republic week do sn the establishment of "another Cuba." No I ask unanimous consent that the
policy profound doubt they reasoned that even in a 1-in-20 Kraft column be printed in the RECORD.
produce a profound chill in his s relations chance of a Communist takeover was a risk There being no objection, the article
with the White House.
Senator FULBRIGHT, to be sure, was care- to be avoided at any cost. But this is a pretty poor excuse for a de- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
ful to blame what he considers gross mis- cision that alined us with the enemies of as follows:
Preside gnt's of advisers. Dominican crisis the reform, violated our solemn treaty obliga- PEACEMAKING IN AsIA
Presideent ers. Yet n it to i hardly ly flat- tions, and rendered our Latin American alms (By Joseph Kraft)
teas pus sh President Johnson m in say that he deeply suspect among liberals everywhere.
was hed his subordinates Y Victory a Is Hitler and Napoleon, victory
justified military adventure, and into into mis- FULBRIGHT is right when he says the John- that means seized capitals and subdued
representing the facts to the American pee- son administration should have had the countries, is not in the cards in the Indian
pie. sense and the courage to take the minimal subcontinent. Given the terrain, the size
The burden of the Senate foreign policy risk entailed in casting our lot with the of the forces, and the state of the local art,
chairman's argument is that the marines forces of social justice. the worst likely military trouble is inten-
were sent into Santo Domingo last April not, Mr. AIKEN. The Bennington Banner, sified fighting ending in the kind of nonend
as the President claimed, to save American it may be recalled, won first prize last that has characterized almost all frontier
lives but to prevent "a return to power of struggles in the postwar era.
Juan Bosch or of a government controlled spring for being the best made up and But there is a serious diplomatic danger
by Bosch's party, the Dominican Revolution- best established newspaper in the United that could materialize within a month. It
ary Party." States, regardless of circulation. I be- would be possible for Russia to emerge from
He contends further that estimates of lieve the editorial, whether one agrees the present troubles as the dominant diplo-
Communist influence in the revolutionary with all it contains or not, is a fine ex- matic power in India. China could emerge
movement were grossly exaggerated and that ample of how this small Vermont news- as the dominant diplomatic power in Paki-
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6
 . Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446ROO0500110027-6
23840 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 22, 1965
Stan. It is against that awful outcome that those who would see in the dark, is that in "? 767. Persons insured; amount
American diplomacy must be mobilized. this country's contacts with the Chinese
,So far it can be said that the administra- Communists, the bellicose reaction is almost the Any policy of insurance purchased
tion has met the test with remarkable Sophia- always the wrong reaction. The right poi- by the Administrator under section 766 of
tication. It has shown a clear appreciation icy is to turn to account against the Chi- this 'bar the shall uniformed automatically vices any
of what has been going on. It has scrupu- nese the miasmic political swamps that member o services on active
lously avoided panicky reactions and uni- fringe the Asian heartland. And nowhere frodutymahefirs day dday of such the amount of $10 the
lateral moves that could only make matters is that more true than In that 'Other Asian c:ert certified h ist or from the
worse. It has even avoided that fatal com- trouble spot that we all know in our bones Secretary Scrconcerned iby the
as the dateor to th-
bination that has been the hallmark of is dimly related to the crisis in the subcon- Group a the date tor
American
diplomacy through the decades- tinent-Vietnam. men's GLife Insurance under this i sub-
the combination of force and unctuous recti- later chapter takes unless such member r date is the
tude. later date, unless such member elects in
On one side, the Indian side, of the guar- SPECIAL INDEMNITY INSURANCE writing; (1) not to be insured under this
sUbCLater, or
rel, this country has for once resisted the FOR MEMBERS OF THE ARMED a ountof $5,000(2) to be insured in the
temptation to indulge in an orgy of China-
baiting. Unlike the Pakistanis, Indiana, and FORCES SERVING IN COMBAT "(b) If any member elects not to be in-
Russians who have all. been doing the kind ZONES sured under this subchapter or to be re-
of things that make the Chinese look 10 sured in the amount of $5,000, he may there-
feet tall, the United States has been patient The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid be- after be insured under this subchapter or
and moderate. fore the Senate the amendment of the insured: in the amount of $10,000 under
The strongest official statement about House of Representatives to the bill (S. this subchapter, as the case may be, upon
Chinese intervention made by the United 2127) to amend title 38, United States written application, proof of good health, and
States was a remark made last week by the Code, in order to provide special indem- compliance with such other terms and oon-
Secretary of State after giving testimony pity insurance for members of the Armed ditions as may be prescribed by the
to the Congress. Because It produced ban- Forces serv Administrator.
asst headlines of an American warning to ing in combat zones, and for
Peiping, the statement is worth reproducing other purposes, which was to strike out "? 768. Termination of coverage; conversion
in full. all after the enacting clause and insert: "Each policy :purchased under this sub-
Mr. Rusk was asked about charges that That (a) chapter 19 of title 38, United chapter shall contain a provision, in terms
Communist China has been "egging on" the States Code, is amended by redesignating approved by the Administrator, to the effect
fight on the subcontinent. In a reply of "Subchapter III-General" thereof as "Sub- that any insurance thereunder on any mem-
studiedmildness, he said: "I think there are chapter IV--General" and by inserting im- ber of the uniformed services shall cease
those who feel that China is trying to fish mediately after subchapter II thereof the (except in the case of members absent with-
in troubled waters here. Our own advice following new subchapter III: out leave) one hundred and twenty days
to Peiping would be not to do that and to "BIIacHAPTER xrr--sESyicEMMEN's GROUP LIFE after his separation or release from active
stay out of it and give the Security Council INSURANCE duty, and that (luring the period such In-
of the United Nations a chance to settle "1765. Definitions surance is in force the insured upon request
this matter." to the administrative office established under
On the other side of the quarrel, the "For the purpose of this subchapter- subsection 766(b) of this title shall be
Pakistani side, this country has resisted the "(1) The term `active duty' means full- furnished a list of life insurance companies
itch to make moral judgments about the time duty as a commissioned or warrant participating in the program established
Kashmir issue. Instead of trying, as the officer, or as an enlisted member of a uni- under this subchapter and upon written
Pakistanis put it, to solve the problem rather formed service under a call or order to duty application (within such period) to the par-
than the symptoms, Washington has kept that does not specify a period of thirty days ticipating company selected by the insured
its righteousness under firm control. The or less. and payment of the required premiums be
closest this country has come to a pros "(2) The term `member' means a person granted insurance without a medical ex-
noosest this
on Kashmir was again the com- on active duty in the uniformed services in aminai;ion on a plan then currently written
ment made by the Secretary of State after a commissioned, warrant, or enlisted rank by such company which does not provide for
or grade.
testimony on the Hill last. week. the payment of any sum less than the face
His words were remarkable- for measured "(3) The term `uniformed services' means value thereof or for the payment of an
care. And once again, because they were the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, additional amount a as premiums if the in-
in-
car el And on raga, the are worth citing. Coast Guard, Public Health Service, and En- sured engages In the military service of the
widy misinterpreted, y vironmental Science Services Administration. United States, to replace the Servicemen's
Rusk was asked about a plebiscite that 's
would achieve self-determination on Kash- "? 766. Eligible insurance companies Group Life Insurance in effect on the in-
mfr. He said: "We have expressed our views "(a) The Administrator is authorized, sured's life under this subchapter. In addi-
on that subject over the years. That 1s part without regard to section 3709 of the Revised ing in life insurance companies under this
of a general problem of solution of outstand- 3tatutes, as amended (41 U.S.C. 5), to pur- ing hate such program hall include under this
lug issues between India and Pakistan. We chase from one or more life Insurance com- subchapter, list shall include additional
believe that these matters should be taken zanies a policy or policies of group life in- life insurance ce companies (not so partici-
up and resolved by peaceful means. We do jurance to provide the benefits specified in patine) which meet qualifying criteria,
not believe they should be resolved by force." ';his subchapter. Each such life insurance terms, and conditions established by the
With this country keeping its tone meal- nompany must (1) be licensed to issue life Administrator and agree to sell insurance to
ured, the Russians and Chinese, far from : assurance in each of the fifty States of the members and former members in accordance
scoring great gains as the beaky hawks would :Jnited States and In the District of Colum- with the provisions of the preceding sen-
assert, have over reached themselves. The iris, and (2) as of the most recent Decem- tence. In the Case of any member who is
Chinese, fearful that a settlement of sorts leer 31 for which information is available to absent without leave for a period of more
might be in the works, issued their ulti- the Administrator, have in effect at least than thirty-one days, insurance under this
matums in the evident hope of preventing per centum of the total amount of group subchapter shall cease as of the date such
Pakistan from coming to terms. Lacking life insurance which all life insurance com- absence commenced. Any such member so
the capacity for truly serious action on the hanies have in effect in the United States. absent without used leave,. upon return to duty,
ground, they have been obliged to extend the "(b) The life insurance may again be insured under this subcha ter,
ultimatum. It is now not easy to see how panies issuing such company es com- p
they will emerge without a simultaneous lose policy or policies shall but only if he complies with the require-
For their part, the Russians, after Issuing airrawr. "1769. Deductions; payment; investment;
the kind of warnings bound to incite Peiping, "(c) The Administrator shall arrange with expenses
have pulled the grandstand play of calling the life insurance company or companies "(a) During any period in which a member
for a meeting of Indian and Pakistani rep- 1'ssulng any policy or policies under this sub- Is insured under a policy of insurance pur-
resentatives in Moscow. If it comes off at chapter to reinsure, under conditions ap- chased by the Administrator under section
all, which is extremely doubtful, it Is hard groved by him, portions of the total amount 766 of this title, there shall be deducted each
to see how a Moscow meeting can yield con- of Insurance under such policy or policies month from his basic or other pay until
Cre an results. Par from making the most with such other life insurance companies separation or release from active duty an
opportunity, the Russians seem merely (which meet qualifying criteria set forth amount determined by the Administrator
to be underlining their own limitations. by the Administrator) as may elect to par- (which shall be the same for all such mem-
They may end up with egg all over their face. t. cipate in such reinsurance. bers) as the share: of the cost attributable
The lesson here is not simply Milton's "(d) The Administrator may at any time to insuring such member under such policy,
homily that "they also serve who only stand discontinue any policy or policies which he less any cost traceable to the extra hazard
and wait"; that, after all, was an ode to has purchased from any insurance company of active duty in the uniformed service.
blindness. The true lesson, the lesson for under this subchapter. Any amount not deducted from the basic
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500110027-6