HYGIENE AND SAFETY MEASURES/KHARKOV TRACTOR PLANT/BOLSHEVIK MACHINE PLANT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00047R000300040010-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 18, 2013
• Sequence Number: 10
• Publication Date: June 3, 1953
• Content Type: REQ

401111111/11ft
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/11/04: CIA-RDP82-00047R000300040010-2
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL/SECURITY .2a2RMATION 44� 6
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE
ACQU I RED
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
DATE DIS
Hygiene and Safety Me-sures/Kharkov Tractor Plant/ NO. OF PAGES
Bolshevik Machine Plant
DATE OF INFORMATION
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE MEANING OF TITLE IS, SECTIONS TB]
AND 71040 OF THE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR PETE.
LOTION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT St AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED BY LAW. THE REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHISITED.
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tLISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT
REPORT NO.
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATI(50x1
1.
Industrial hygiene and safety measures at the Krasny Excavator Plant in Kiev,
the Bolshevik Machine Plant in Kiev, and the Kharkov Tractor Plant were
excellent. Safety and sanitary conditions of personnel were the responsibility
of the Special Division, Industrial Hygiene Department, Ministry of Industry.
Workers in the welding department and the hot metals department, lead workers,
and blacksmiths were issued the following equipment upon entering on duty:
asbestos shoes, asbestos gloves, leather aprons, sleeve protectors, and safety
goggles. This equipment had to be worn at all times and was deposited in the
workers' lockers at the end of their shifts. Workera in this category also
bad seltzer water or fresh milk (one liter per person per day). Their work
shifts were six hours as compared to eight and nine hours for Other workers in
the plants.
2. Sanitary conditions were the responsibility of a Sanitation Division doctor.
We had wash basins with hot water at all times and both liquid and grit-type
ioap. Sawdust was sometimes available to mix with soap when bands were extra
dirty. There were roll towel racks and hot air for drying one's hands. Drink-
ing water was heavily chlorinated during the summers. Shower rooms,4�17st-aid
stations, and clinics were available.
The Engineer of Technical Safety was responsible for safeguarding machinery
and equipment. He, and several assistants, made sure that each belt and gear
box was shielded, that all grinding wheels bad safety shields, and that acid
and dust areas lad. adequate air-removal facilities and the sir changed
frequently. This was a tremendous responsibility. The engineer in charge
suffered seri- anaftemences when a worker was inJured because of lack of
safety guards.
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4. Sanitary conditions in Kiev were excellent in certain parts, not so good in others.
Kiev was a clean city, however, compared to Kharkov. Each yard had a concrete
enclosed cistern for garbage. A Department of Sanitation employee, called "dvirnik"
(yard man), vent through the yards every day and covered the garbage with a.mixture.
of lime and chlorine. There were garbage pickups once each week unless an unusually
heavy load occurred and the yard man called for extra pickups. Collections were by
closed trucks loaded by hand shovels. The big factories had large covered cesspools.
All industrial sewage and waste was deposited in sedimentation pools in a large
field about 12 kilometers east of the Dnepr River. All of this waste was screened
and filtrated; the water was pumped out of these pools into irrigation ditches, and
the sediment was removed and used for road building and, in some instances, for
fertilizer. All public squares, parks, and other memorial places in Kiev disposed
of waste and sewage in this large field also. There were plenty of public rest room,
with special structures for men only.
5. Approximately 90 per cent of the houses in Kiev were included in the network of the
sewage system. Kiev had an ordinance which prohibited new domestic construction in
an area where sewers were not already installed. The roads in areas approved for
new domestic construction had to be paved or covered with cobblestone.
6.
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9.
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Kharkov, being more industrial. than Kiev, was much dirtier, as was Baku. Keeping
Kharkov clean was difficult because of coal dust. Baku, on the other hand, was
dirtied constantly by oily substancess.
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There were no predominant diseases in the above cities except grippe which appeared
more in Kiev than in Kharkov and Baku. Baku bad an outbreak of malaria in 1925 which
almost reached epidemic proportions. Ia Ibarkov, tuberculosis and bronchial illnesses
were more predominant than elsewhere, an outbreak of tuberculosis on the
Iranian border in 1924 - 1925 but have heard of none since. After the 1931 - 1934
famine, deficiency of certain organism canoed some people (many children) to die
The Division of Expediting under OTK (Division of Technics1Contat):was_inatrumental
in movin the tr &ming facilities to Chelyabinsk.
10. Machinery which was moved from the Tractor Plant consisted of lathes, mills, shapers,
some of the welding equipment, and 811 other automatic machines. Equipment which was
not removed (cranes, turbines, end railroad-loading equipment) was blown up or damaged
by sledge hammers. Much of the machinery was destroyed by aerial bombardment while
still on flat cars on the Tractor Plant railroad siding.
U. The Kharkov Tractor P1 nt (and probably many other plants throughout the UBBB) was
so built that it could be converted to war production within about 24 hours. There
were many special lathes capable of boring cannon barrels; and a large number of
machines wore held ready in reserve. Quite a few of these machines served a dual
purpose. the conversion potential of the Kharkov Tractor Plant
would be approximately 10 tanks per day. SP Gun and other AFV production potential
would have been about the same as that of tanks.
12. Items which were utilized In a military vehicle and produced in a tank plant were
,-ontrol differentials and tracks and rollers for certain types of tractors such as the
Ccterpillar tractor.
CONFIDENTIAL/SECURITY INFORMATION
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13. Some of the tank engines which were very powerful could be used also on a hitch-
tractor ,or carryall. As for items utilized in a military weapon, nothing except
the metal which could be scrapped was usable. The rolling mills which were used
to produce military equipment could be used with slight adjustment for producing
tractor parts.
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111.
reconstruction of the tractor works could be accomplished in a minimum amount of
time. Without a dotibl,t that has been done.
15. The Kharkov Tractor Plant did not produce compenents for tanks which were produced
by Plant 183.
16. Concerning heat-treating equiliment at the Kharkov Tractor Plant, there were fifty
Siemens-Schukert furnaces, gas-fired, 4-atmosphere type. quality control equipient
consisted of electric pyrometers and Zeiss calorimeters. The furnaces were capable
of hardening up to 90 hardness, using the Brinell gradients system. There was also
the brine, oil, and air-hardening equipment available.
17. The Bolshevik Plant produced no marine steam engines; it produced only stationary
50X1 steam engines, a naval shipbuilding plant in the Kiev area, built in
1936, which, after four or five months, began producing 600 steam en es a year.
These were of 1200 hp capacity. Leninska Kuznya, located near Kiev 11 railroad
station, was another plant in the Kiev area which produced marine steam engines.
This plant had about four thousand employees and vas urndunina fnur fn five steam
engines a month in 1937.
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18. These engines were used exclusively for vessels which were built in Kiev andmhich
were used for river traffic. Some of the vessels were 150 meters long.
19,
components or machinery for merchant
or naval shipbuilding. The only plant doing such work was located at Nikolayev.
This plant employed about 6o thousand persons and had a reputation for manufacturing
excellent naval equipment.
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CONFIDENTIAL/SECURITY INFORMATION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/11/04: CIA-RDP82-00047R000300040010-2