RAPIDLY PROGESSING CHEMICAL FERTILIZER PRODUCTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-04546A003200020010-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 21
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 13, 2003
• Sequence Number: 10
• Content Type: REPORT

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RAPIDLY PR4GRTSSING CHEMICAL FER1"ILY2EIt PR4DUCTZON
Development of a Unique Chinese tday
Thxoa.~h T'ecl2nical Innovation
Gz,~r~?en~:ly a ~rQat task of Chinese in..2ustz:y ~.s to azapporC a~riczlltLrre,
ant ties ~ora_?uction c~i chemical tertilz.xer occzr~:ies An imporL-aczt plaice in
tifi~.s task:. This year, as elan last year, proknises rich harvest of whe;zt,
an. chemical isrtilizer is an iY~rKzortant factor in this r~agar:l. .
t7~n t tae oLhc~r fz?zn~, the e~cport of fertilizer ha always occtrk;ie~l the
~oxetzzo,t pl?tce in Ja~:tzn~-China tra_.!e. In&sazuc4t as e:tpart to Ctzina amoL,zzts
rp Y-r~ ~excent o~ the f~otal ,~aY.,anese eptzrt, 3aparz seem~r to he consi~3erat~ly
intez~t tc a in Cltirza's chemical f'ert~.li.zer in :c,str}=. 31nce chemical ferti-
lize~_ ~~~ts alrea.iy dealt wiC;h in n~~r~~ae:x? 55 (Navsrn~er 1, 19E~5} of Chia itcpart,
t:zi:~ ~.:~a3z,e will urea; the ms?or movements of this y~aar.
c'3caintr Januax;*-May, the l';.c~~zcction (of Chemical
Fc~rtilizer~ Izzcreaaeci SOG,ti40 Tocts Aver jthe
1~'i;ure Set in] the National Fla`.,
xlzia yection work let eramine i to open a unique way basest on the reality
an;1 nece._.sity of China. There is a considerable number of this type of
old synthetic towers in China. If they can successfully reconstruct one
ol(-type synthetic tower, the reconstruction of all old-type synthetic
towers will be accelerate.?, and the amount of China's chemical fertilizer
pro suction will be raised. An this has a greater significance than con-
structing new synthetic towers of complex structure.
Reconstruction of Synthetic Tower Wit flout
the Help of `orei; n Writings.
to the related problems. Therefore thsy concentrate l their efforts on sol-
ving the problems related to thermal Conductivity. Thus through the second
technical. reconstruction, the .wily 11roluctivity of this old-type reaction
tower has come to bypass the a ivanced world stan:dar-.d.
Furthermore in summing up the practical e_aperience of the two previous
technical reconstructions, they discoverer' a structural defect which had
not been completely solved even with the second technical reconstruction.
Therefore more improvements were needea from structural point of view. How-
ever, no clues to the solution of this problem were fours i in current foreign
writings. Yet they were all the more .letermined to achieve something which
had never been :lone by foreigners, ant in the end with the help of the wisdom
of many they succeeded in devising a new structure. Thus at last in its pro-
1uctivity, the old-type synthetic tower of the 1940's has come to be ahead
of the new-type synthetic tower of the 1960's an' reached the advanced
standard of the world.
ion upon adopting a newly-built reaction tower ha: alrea~,y been moved
crease m:..ch though thermal conductivity wLss strengthened. Some attrlbsnte.!
this to r,;cessively good thermal conductivity. Afterwards, however, they
discovered through a research on the basic data that the productivity had
not incrrase:I in spite of the increase in thermal conductivity because re-
lated problems had not been concurrently solved, and that the main contra-
According to this new method, they set out the first technical recon-._
ctior of an old-type synthetic tower, but the productivity ?ii3 not in-
In 1is technical reconstruction, they discovered through their elemen-
tary research that the low productivity of old-type synthetic tower VA!!; 1* -e
to at inadc?luate conductivity of heat. They tried to increase therma.L con-
Juctivity actor sing to a method ..lascribed in a foreign book; however, after
a realistic research, they realized that [with such a method described in
the fore:Lgn book] they coin-, not truly solve the problem of thermal con-d.uc-
tivity ::elate~:t to this kind of synthetic tower. Thereupon, throu; h a le-
tailed analysis in accor lance with the operating conditions of the ol?t-type
synthetic towers; they grasped the main contradiction of thermal conductivity
And created a new method.
No. 72, July 15, 196&.
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OId-type Synthetic Towers Throe Shout the
Country Undergo Technical RecorsLa:uction
ThroL.-gh the Chinghua University Metho.~,.
This technical reconst:,,..ct7 on was begun. in Ilay M`Pi and completed in
Oeto` er l 55. As a result of the technical '_ ecourstrractior., the pro::'uctivity
of ol;A-type installation rose .by more than 70 ;:erceent, and the tuan:tity of
azir;uoouia & : o ',ucLion of the entire plants increased a great ie; 1. This tech-
nical. ccorusttr&&tCtion, which ius icnple;riented to.-;ether with a great repair work
for he .s itmonia synthetic tower, rea juires no g1,-eat foal of money, needs only
a short perioJ of pro.lu.ction suspension, has a great effect upon pro ?.ucttion
:i.tscrrlasc, an?:.i yet is easily iffuse.. Currently many synthetic towers of
the Jame type throughout the cot nary are a .opting the reconstruction me:_ho fs
o. k. is aueanical plaint, promoting a partial technical reconstruction; an',
although there is a degree of 'i. 9 erences [among different towers], all of
the!u are achieving success in increasing pro.tu.ction. The point conference
rtf National Economic Coi nission, Nati en. l Science Con ission, the Ministry
OL Gucci-'ial Engineering, the tiruiast z of 11i h r E lucatior, an G the Chinese
Academy of Science which convene.:' aroc_nJ last Febr,uaa:y, , confirm l the sig-
ni ica.ncc of this reconstruction -uethotd particularly for economic construction.
Some Technological Ac'hl.evement x of Small Plants
Are More Advanced Than Those of Large Plants
The afo+:ementione new process o_: the small nitros enovs tianure plant
with annual ,ro.luctive capacity of 2,000 tons, which *?ra i succes9fvlly in-
r r.o . ec bby Chiangsu-sheng Tanyang Chemical Fertilizer Plant, has been
fua:;-k ni?, ; is basis among small plants. These newly-built small plants
havee a.?xenta es in e:nperintenting in, new techniques of production because
they are srnll in scale ani easily movable. After suceeelin`g in the
or-ion of the now process, within the last Several years, these
plants s Iccee.le_ in. the creation of many new tecitni jues and facilities by
a opt:i.n- ; is metho of the "I.u.nion of the three," aolth within and outside the
1,3a.u{zt.1, ;?eaise t. the technolo;` -ic-a3 Stan:ari of China's synthetic arsmonia in-
]t,. y
a stepf ether, an-- made sign.ifi.cran improvement of the new proceiss
of e hemi .al fertilizer pro,a ction, which war. :revise-i for the first time by
the Chini:se. Presently so:,' of the r2'w tel hnipa. en, im1aiii factoring ntetho` s,
an: cc1-1 ties which are Wy ic1'y adapt:ud by ,ball--size nitrogenous manure
:'zauiw=s a. L airca y advance tno,~e than those which are em loved by large.
scale plants. Since the scientific r usearcher r of the ens ineering division
o:_ vaa-iia; s +.istr^icts have always been working closely with their employees
in r,ler:t: , any technical achievonl0nt: obtained in the c0'37S a of production
has ,eec Lim.ieiately utilized for engineering. Tints they have been able to
revise ea ineering u ro ect for a :sl!rall--type nitrogenous Manure plant
constnr.4_'y so as to mmsake it economically more rational an,. technically more
advance At the present time , the stall nitro enous manure plant needs
much len.i investment capital fow its construction and its construction Spewl
hn : tbocome rm. chi faster than aver. It takes only half a year to build a
T'To. "7'2, July 15,
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Chemical Fertilizer
small-si:;e plant and eight to ten months for a slightly larger plant. The
capital for the construction of such small plants is snags i by each Sheng,
and also the manufacturing of fsc:ilities, engineering, and i.At atallations,
too, are solve: by many Shenggs an cities. Although until several years
ago only a few ir, lust Tally relatively advanced Shengs and cities were able
to engineer an I tzaauutact Ace thec elves a [complete] set of chemical fertilizer
facilities, today most 'ic-itticts have an engineering organization and a pro-
f:essional ung inaering corps and are greatly reinforcing the manufactur?iu>
capacity for chemical fertilizer. Some Shengs are producing a set o : chemi-
cal fert:t.ler facilities by a method of cooperative division of labor, of-
gani.zing several tens or nearly a hun?ire.' rae: ium-size and scaall-si:,=e local
machine cactories. Currently the s.rainfacilities For small nitrogenous p3ants aaj:e all self -su pportee : in large districts or Shen s except
several Slieng s and autonomous aistrie'=s.
Small Plants Occupy Eighteen
Pe'riceut of IUI- ?osxenous Manure Pro lc etioza.
)urin, January-May this year, 20-old newly-built small nitrogenous manure
,-plants in China bear. pro't:ction; furchennore, the construction of a group of
small p antra is being accelerated and they are expected to b::-gin prol,?ction
oac after another this year and txc_:t. When all these new plants begin pro--
luca.:ion, the productive capacity is expected to rise far above tfze annual
:~ o]uc i; c tz' of small nitrogenous plants hitherto possessed by China.
t,
Sinc:e~ l'r;.,I, the proluctive capacity of small nit. ro,enou_.s manure plants
has been Jouble:i almost every year, On the ratio of which the small plants
occupies in the national Ml-al of nit:-ogenous manure pro luctlon has increased
:cv'e_:y ;ear: in 1961. the total amount of pro action by small nitro enoi.s ma-
nu_u.re Lalaets or c. pied only 2 % of the stational total; yet in l d3 it rose to
12. 7; a r this year it is a.zpectedd :a re^,chz l i % (a July 1lt , 1966 dtelegram
rot New China [News] Ag ern.y) .
Improvement of the quality of Phosphatic
Manure and of the Utility of Phosphorite
The main task of this year in the production of phosphatic manure is to
continuously ,Oise the quality of phosphate and the utility of phosphorite
powder. Although most of the phosphorite pow let's used at the phosphatic
manure plants of various :'.iatrictsWre of relatively bad duality an] ,41t14 low
lualitty mineral powders, the quality of phosphate has been improved, an.l the
ratio of the first-class phosphatic manure increase;' a gre.zt teal. The con--
vertibilit.y in phosphate ;production rose 3 % everywhere as compaz e:l with last
year, and the phosphorite powder is morn effectively used than ever. The pro-
ducts o : Kunyang Phosphatic 'Manure Plant in Yunnan-sheng were traditionally
of relatively bad quality and their convertibility was low. They used to
think that: they could not manu :acture first-class products because of ba't raw
materials and facilities; however, this year, as a result of a socialist ed-
ucation movement, not only the first have been. pro.-duce] but also the conver-
tibility Sias been tremendously increasr::d. The instructors and students of
the Citechiang Ac-.a,xemy of Chemical Engineering -discoverel a new manufacturing,
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No. 72, July 15, 196? .
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Chemical Fertilizer
net 1xo ? to increase the pro-h{ction of phosphatic manure itxcou,lx cooperation
wittt the Nantung Phosphatic lfoltvre Plant and with a related research unit.
With this method it is possible to increase the effective content of phos-
phorus even with relatively simple facilities; furthermore, phosphatic ma-
nure can be shipped after 3-6 days of maturity, and it is unnecessary to
bu'A11 a 1ari warehouse for maturation. With this method, the effective
content of l hosphorr;a becomes more than 20 percent.
The Movement of the Chemical
Fertilizer Plants in Each Sheng.
Since the current sit cation of Via m}odium-size and s!aall-size chemical
fertilizer plants up to last year has been introduced in the issue No. 55
(Nove;nbe:.? 1, 1965) of this report, in the following the news from various
.istt i'.ct:~ which appeared this year is dealt with,
nan_sh- n Chuchou Che is al ert zer ierz
Reccntly began its operation fforaally (New China (News] Agency, January
?_:C, 19br ). This large-scale modern plant with an annual production capacity
of 200,0'`:0 tons of superphosphatic line was engineered and built entirely by
Chinese; its facilities also are Chiurse-manufactured.
A si.iall chemical fertilizer plant, which was newly built in Tienmen-hsien
l~IUpc,i-3 Ien; , has recently begun to pro duce bicarbonate of ammonium (New China
[News} A;,eucy, May 15, 19L?'). This plant can produce 12,000-o-11, tons of bi-
carbonatct of an Ionia a year.
Auhu -shone
Four small recently-built chei~iticul fertilizer plants in Anhui-sheng
have fon?tally begun production (New China (News) Agency, March 23, 1966).
laclu,Jing those plants which had been built prior to these four plants,
there are now 12 small-size chemical fertilizer plants in Antnui-sheng, and
L'0,000 .-ons of chemical fertilizer can be produced annually by these plants.
These #o.,r newly-built plants are scatterer:, in the rich vice crop 'istrict
of the southern bank of Chang Chiang ('angt.zu River), the Shih-hang irriga-
tion area of Cihiaanghuai Pi and the,low :boa crop area of the Huaipei plain;
they can f:ro,.1uco nearly 30,000 tons of 1iqui1 ammonia and bicarbonate of
a -.,.i ouia a year. The engineering, construction and the training of techni-
cians for these four plants were accomplished: all by the assistance from
ol. Mat}ts. Therefore their construction was so fast as to he completed
an?. to :egin operation generally in only 6-7 months, which was 3-4 months
5;porter than the original plan; a and an the average each plant saved approxi-
ma.te Ly 10 % of the investment capital. originally plannel; also the works
were so :na,gnificently performed that [every plant] succeeded in a single
trial un..
No. 72, July 15,
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Ruan~;t n=;-suet
A new chemical fertilizer armnonitat;t; superphosphat.ic line has formally
%)c,n to be produced by Kuangchov- Nitrogenous I-Untu re Plant. The facilities
for this new fertilizer pro~.Iuction wea.?e engineere-t, fr r.:+:fartt.red, and in-
st:alled by the employees of the plant.
This year the Kuangtung-shenL-; Chinese Merchant Investment Company will
const?,_- ;ct ten chemical fertilizer plat.ts in special districts, such as
Shanshan, Mei..hsien, Huiyang, Chanchinnt., Hainan, etc. Each of these plants
will have an annual output capacity ot: 3,000--5,000 tons. Last year the
company b4. 1 t the Meihsien Phosphatic ?tanurc Plant, the Taishan-hsien
iitachaiao (Chinese Merchant) Chemical Fertilizer Plant, the ii.ichou Phosphatic
aiar.t a c Pl.aV.t , and the Kaipin; Nitrogenous slarir re Plant which has a pro ~ected
?at.cnual pro uctlon capacity of 25,000; and all of them are in operation.
A soluble phosphatic manure plant, in i~laomin: City having an annual pro-
uctioti capacity of 60,000 tons began to operate in early March; its daily
output has become as much as prod ecte ; effective content of phospherus is
13 ra plus; ant all are first-class products.
Although the annual pro. uction of the Hsin, wing General Chemical En-
,irtee? _ring Plant was 400-o"d tons of se:perphosphnatic lime in 1960 when it was
establis'ie.d, tor'ay its annual production amounts to 20,000 tons; most pro--
d3uct a a;e of iualified stam: ar=dt; and the cost of production is at t hree-
;o;xct is 01 the beginning; per io,l.
The first nitrogenous manure plant of the Special District of Shantou
tit= its inghuo Nitrogen Plant. -- began its operation fo~_-mally on February
1E', 11 >6. Its annual production capacity is 3,000 tons of synthetic am-
xnon%n. (li jui.+ ammonia 12,000 tons). The plant was built with support from
many :luarters an..! complete-! only in 33 :uonths.
The five newly-built or e?:cp::tnJed soluble phosphatic manure plants in
Y?utnna n-sheng are beginning to operate one after another (New China (News]
Alenc?`, March 28, l9,56). These are locate . in iisuanwei, Chuhsl,ung, Yuchi,
Chinn in,-, an 1 Anniug; an i when these plants tort lly commence their opera-
t:iost, this Shang's production capacity of soluble phosphatic manure will
be nearly tripled.
The first nitrogenous manure plant: of Chinghai-shoe began production
in Hsinina on January 1, 1966. Prior to this, in this Sheng there were a
phosphatic manure plant which utilizes the bones of sheep an,.t cattle, and
4 chloric fertilizer plant utilizing water from a local salt-lake. The new
plant pro :aces mainly liquid ammonia au,; bicarbonate of ammonia. Part of
the facilities of this plant was manufacturel by the machine industry of
Chinghzai-, heng, ant the .rest were made in Shanghai.
No. 72, July 15,, 19(6.
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A lar;ewscale chemical fertilizer plant of China a
great quantity of chemical iertilizer rapidly produce-i
by the synthetic ar= mania plant of the Lanctiou Chemical
lnJttstry Company.
No. 72, July 16, 1966.
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A small chemical fertilizer plant built last year in a
farm-village in Kunshan--lizien, Chiangsu-sheng. It pro-
iuces 5,000 tons of syntheti^ ammonia a year, which are
suppliad, to the people's corsaurles of Kunshan any:. several
neighboring Shengs. This k iti of small chemical plant
reluires a small investment capital; its construction is
:Cast; and its facilities can be manufacture-1 at the ine-
. izu-size or small :machine .` actories within the Sheng.
Also, since its pro facts are marketed in its locality,
the price of the chemical fertilizer is cheap, and the
farmers are please.
No. 72, July 15, 1966.
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The chemical fertilizer produces by KLnshan Chemical
Fertilizer Plant in Chinn sr,-when;. Since 1965, eleven
small chemical fertilizer plants of this kind have been
built in the staple food and cotton pro tucing districts
of Chiangsu-Shen.
No. 72, July 15, I9M.
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A small chemical fertilizer plant completed in the rice-
rich Tan;tr:-hsien, Anh..i-sheng< It took only 7 months
from the beginning of constr5 ction to the commencement
of operation.
No. 72, July 15, 1966-
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A corner of a newly-built small nitrogenous manure plant
in Tatung City, Shanhsi-Shen;;.
No. 72, July 15, 1966.
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Page
A recision grain balance manufacture.
by the Shanghai Scales Instrument
Manufactory
. . . . . . Precision balance, Motel WT 2B menu-
fact,ure ? by the Peking Optical In-
st ,ument Manufactory
P:a-ecision balance, Mo:Jel OT 2A manu-
facture by the Peking Optical In-
struuent t nufactory
? . ? . . . Chemical fertilizer proJJ.uction of
the large synthetic ammonia plant
of the I,anchou Chemical Industry
Company
7134
CSO. 1243-?)
A small chemical fertilizer plant in
ltvn;han-hsieng, Chiangsu-sheng
. . . . .. Chemical fertilizer production of
Kunshan Chemical Fertilizer Plant
in Chiangsu-sheng
A small chemical fertilizer plant in
Tangtu-hsien, Anhui-sheng
? . . . . . . . A small nitrogenous manure plant in
Tatun; City, Shanhsi-sieng
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PHOTOS AND FEATURES ON CHINESE INDUSTRY
)P78-04546A003200020010-6
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25X1
CHINA SHANG-HAI 31 14 N 121 28 E
Shang-Rai Scales nstrm Plt. Precis millionth gram & max. 2 gram. 1966.
Confidential (4,21)1 1 CIA 1145599
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CHINA PEI-CHING OPTICAL INSTM PLT 39 53 N 116 24 E
WT 2B precision sca es. Max. capac??grams, min. reading value 0.01 mg.
1966.
Confiden is (21) CIA 1145600
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