CUBA BLOWUP

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 9, 2004
• Sequence Number: 12
• Publication Date: April 22, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
CONGRESSIONAL R$CORD - APPENDIX A2357
"Our findings come from a survey just
made in eight key States and from chain and
referral organizations and trade magazines
covering the United States.
"One referral group, representing 690 mo-
tels with over 34,000 rooms reported an across-
the-board drop of 12.3 percent in room sales
for the first 50 days of 1963 with curtailment
of expense account spending as the principal
cause. Surveys within the States of Cali-
fornia, Arizona, Nevada, Illinois, Louisiana,
Michigan, and Minnesota boosted the total
for loss of business during January and Feb-
ruary to an average of 16.3 percent.
"The National Restaurant Association has
reported that 80,000 workers in public restau-
rants stand to lose their jobs if sales do not
increase. With 22,000 employees affected in
motels alone, it is reasonable to expect that
at least a total of 60,000 people face unem-
ployment in the lodging industry, which,
combined with the restaurant total, adds to
about 140,000 jobs that would be jeopard-
ized in the combined food service and lodg-
ing industries.
"Our reports show that there is confusion,
misunderstanding and apprehension on the
part of businessmen and executives as to what
types and amounts of expense accounts are
tax deductible. This confusion is respon-
sible for much of the drop in sales and must
be cleared up before normal business can be
expected."
RESTAURANT SUPPLIERS HIT
Meat: "For the first time, no overtime is
being required for truck drivers to supply
the demands of restaurants and hotels."
Liquor: "A tremendous dropoff in sales at a
time when conventions have been a stable
factor in company sales."
Coffee: "A 15 percent decrease in orders
with our company which sells coffee only to
the food and lodging industry."
Fish: "At the height of the lenten season,
sales are down 20 percent among our high
class restaurant accounts."
Market, which in turn is the basis for personally lays bare the whole sorry rec-
determining which tariffs may be cut. ord with respect to Cuba, fixing respoll-
It is encouraging to note that the sibility specifically where it belongs, the
Tariff Commission's going slow on Fed- controversy will continue and it should.
eral.subsidies, a new form of unemploy- The following editorial from the Wash-
ment compensation to workers and ington Evening Star throws needed light
industries. on this subject:
A BREAK FOR CONSUMERS CUBAN BLOWUP
For all the talk of freer trade, last year's The roaring row between the Cuban exiles
Trade Expansion Act included features and the State Department is a very ugly
mighty appealing to protectionists. piece of business. And it may well get worse
In the first place, there was the fact that before it gets better.
the President was given sweeping powers not As it has appeared in fragmentary form,
only to cut tariffs but to raise them. Then, a statement by Jose Miro Cardona, president
too, the act preserved the prior law's escape of the Cuban Revolutionary Council of exile
clause and added something new-adjust- groups, hardly stops short of challenging
ment assistance. President Kennedy's Integrity. Among the
Under these provisions, anyone who be- accusations reportedly appearing in the
lieves he has been injur ed b
y Imports stem- statement is one which says that Mr. Ken-
ming from a tariff cut can appeal to the nedy, on the day of the final failure of the
Tariff Commission for hi h
i
g er
mport duties.
And he can ask an assortment of direct finan-
cial and other aid to remedy his alleged in-
jury. Not only was the way open to back-
track to protectionism, but a whole new sys-
tem of Federal subsidies seemed to be in the
making.
So it's encouraging, not to say surprising,
that the Commission so for has been taking
a hard look at appeals under the new act.
So hard, in fact, that it has turned down all
six pleas on which it has acted. The Com-
mission found that the pleas -did not meet
the law's requirements, that tariff cuts and
increased imports were not the major reasons
for the petitioners' troubles.
The connection between tariff cuts and
increased imports is often slim; imports may
rise chiefly because of rising American con-
sumer demand for such things as Europe's
small cars. And In 'some cases a business-
man's troubles may stem more from bad
management than from imports. In any
event, any dislocations suffered by some busi-
nesses must be balanced against the hi
her
g
Beer: "The worst February In sales in many price burden that tariff boosts impose on
years by our company (a major beer distribu- consumers.
tor in the Chicago area)." There's no telling whether the new legis-
Tableware: "A trend to second grade items lation will bring more or less trade freedom.
by restaurants replacing quality products be- But right now the Tariff Commission may
cause of lower revenue and profits." figure constuners pay enough visible taxes
Bread products: "February and March without being soaked with a lot of new hid-
sales oil' 5 to 10 percent. Hotel accounts af- den ones.
. Trade Act Shortcomings
EXTENSION - OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF TEXAS -
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr. -Speaker, no law
passed last year was a better example of
government of men rather than by law
than the Trade Expansion Act, 1962.
Already we see the dictatorial aspects
of this law as the President or his ap-
pointees can enact trade restrictions,
voluntary or otherwise.
Already we see the avenue cleared for
increased trade with- the Communist
satellites, so our dollars go to support
their economies.
The imbalance of payments will ac-
celerate with the further drain on our
gold, all at the whim of the President or
his associates. Meanwhile, we do not
know - who will make up the Common
EXTENSION OF REMARKS,
OF
HON. H. R. GROSS
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, until and
unless President Kennedy, himself, lays
before the public the whole sordid mess
of the Bay of Pigs fiasco and subsequent
events bearing directly on the Commu-
nist takeover -of Cuba, neither the cit-
izens of this country nor the expatriates
of that unhappy island will be convinced
of anything.
It is not enough for Attorney General
Kennedy, brother of the President, to
attempt to explain away the sequence of
failures and lack of policy. He is not
the Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Armed
Forces. If he has been designated as
such, the citizens of this country ought
to be advised as to when the Constitu-
tion was amended and who amended it.
Until and unless President Kennedy
a pact- which called for a new invasion."
In a formal announcement, the State
Department asserts that the statement by
Dr. Miro Cardona is "highly inaccurate and
distorted," and that there is documentary
evidence to establish this. Dr. Miro Car-
dona retorts: "I told the truth. I do not
tell lies."
To say the least, this is a nasty mess. And
it reinforces the view which we have repeat-
edly expressed-namely, that this Govern-
ment should tell the American people the
whole story of the Cuban affairs and its
aftermath. Certainly, it cannot be covered
up much longer.
We would like to touch on a few other
points. The State Department says "the
United States cannot coexist with a Soviet
satellite in this hemisphere." Yet it seems
to us that this is precisely what we have
been and are doing. The next paragraph- in
the formal statement speaks of our Govern-
ment's desire to continue consultations with
the exiles with a view to the ultimate lib-
eration of Cuba by "suitable methods," but
that In determining these methods "the
policies of the Government in the field of
foreign affairs, particularly those which carry
the risk of war, will continue to be de-
termined by the Government and the people
of the United States." We suspect that the
"people" will not have much to say in the
matter. But we fully agree that the Gov-
ernment, and not the Cuban exiles, must de-
termine the issue of peace or war. Mean-
while, the outlook, despite the disclaimer,
is for continued coexistence with a Soviet
satellite in this hemisphere.
Now, just a word for Dr. Miro Cardona
and those who may follow in his footsteps.
He was a leader of the Cuban revolution and
served for a while as Fidel Castro's Premier.
It was he and others like him, not .the United
States, who brought this disaster to Cuba.
And their wretched experience should at
least serve as a warning the next time some
phony Robin Hood comes along with prom-
ises of a new deal for an oppressed people.
A Wise U.S. Policy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN- J. McFALL
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REc-
ORD, I include the following editorial
from the Lodi, Calif., News-Sentinel of
April 4, 1963:
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R00020025.0012-2
 A2358
Approved For
page excellence has been won by a Pennsyl- opposition to his ever increasing de-
vania newspaper. mands for more and more Federal spend-
On the same occasion. 26 Headliner medals ing I have found, in traveling to almost
will be presented to other winners In the every section of the Nation, that the
nationwide newspaper, magazine, radio, and people are far more aware of the dan-
The The television
e Patriot-News editorial page stag eon' Sere connected with unlimited spending,
sists of George Draut, chief editorial writer. inflation, and the drain on our gold sup-
and editorial writers Bern Sharfman, James ply than is the administration. In my
Welsh. and Paul Beers. opinion the people of this country .are
Other top winners in this year's National not willing to accept a socialist dictator-
Headliner competition Included the Atlanta ship which is bound to result from the
(Ga.) constitution-a special citation for its continued expansion of welfare programs
golden anniversary Sunday magazine edition. and Federal controls.
The Constltutlon pioneered In the newspaper President Kennedy either does not
Sunday ay magazine field.
Newsweek magazine was awarded the realise this mood on the part of the
honors for outstanding coverage of a major people or does not care about it because
news event by a national magazine. he continues to advocate more welfare
The Dallas (Tex.) Morning News was the programs, more centralization of power
newspaper winner s r outstanding majoe in the Federal Government, more spend-
news Ixsverage for its eportlag of the Billie trig
Sol Estes case. The following article written by Rob-
went award for outstanding public service
went to the Miami (Fla.) Herald for Its "Op- ert Baskin, head of the Washington
11 Morning News
D
A WISE U.S. POLICY
Many Americans doubtless find it rather
odd that the Government should, as it says
it plans to do, take every step necessary to
keep Cuban refugee groups from raiding
Cuba from U.S. territory. it is a fair guess
that there is much sympathy for the idea of
looking the other way and letting the refu-
gees do what damage they can.
Fortunately, such emotional thinking has
not guided official policy. For the danger
in private military action against Cuba is
far greater to the United States than it Is
to Cuba.
The explanation for this is not complex.
Every such Incident carries In It the seeds
of outright confrontation with the Soviet
Union. Any such confrontation should be
on our Initiative. We cannot afford to be
pushed into perilous situations by the ac-
tions-irresponsible. however well moti-
vated-of Cuban patriots.
National Award for Harrisburg
Newspaper
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. GEORGE M. RHODES
or PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, April 2, 1963
8: as ,
eration Amigo." a campaign of bringing Cen- bureau of the
tral American students into the United States warns that the mood of the people may
to combat Russian airlifts of the same stu- not support President Kennedy's de-
dent groups. mands and I hope that the Members of
Frank McGee, of the National Broadcast- the House have been able to learn more
ing Co., became the second man in the
history of the awards to become a winner in about the attitude of the people at home
both radio and television newscasting. The during this past week :
other man was Edward R. Murrow who won (From the Dallas Morning News, Apr. 15.
In both radio and TV at CBS. McGee won 19631
the network radio newscasting award In 1958, Few BILLS PASSED Nov SIGN of FAILURE BY
and this year was voted the medal for Con- 88TH CONGRESS
sistently outstanding TV network newscast- (By Robert E. Baskin)
tog and shared honors with the NBC news
department for consistently outstanding WASHINGTON.-The much-afflicted 88th
radio network newscasting. Congress straggled home over the weekend
for the annual Easter recess, apparently In
Other Individual awards:
NewRamond R. Coffey of the CW Dail an s .y ding coverage of abIcmajor news wh tnto do nearest undetermined sessionout
event for his stories on the University of Its record so far has been under fire from
Mississippi campus riots. Some of Coffey .8 a number of sources. Overlooked, undoubt-
dispatches have appeared in the Evening edly. Is the fact that congressional inaction
News which is served by the Chicago Daily may be an indication that the legislators are
News Service. really doing their work,
Hugh Mulligan, the Associated Press, gen- Passage of a lot of bills is no criterion by
orally outstanding feature writing, which to judge the Congress. So far this
Congress has passed very few. This, under
United Press International photographers no circumstances, should be viewed as a
Joel Landau for his sports action picture of
the Emil Griitith-Kid Paret fight and Joel failure. In all the avalanche of words that comes
last Schrank rites for at his the picture Idlewild, of N.Y., survivors airport crash receiving out of Washington, it is frequently over-
scene. looked that House and Senate committees
e rather steadily at work for some
Bill Beall, of the Washington (D.C.) Daily have now.
News, feature picture. tIf it Is decided that a bill should not go
Charles O. Bissell, of the Nashville Tennes- to the floor, that is a committee judgment
scan, for consistently outstanding editorial under a procedure that has long been the
page rth Bile. rule of Congress. Somewhere the great mass
fB his ingham news . of feature the aeries, eOu Le,"Our Costly of bills that flow into the hoppers of the
Times for Worth
Congress.' which was reprinted In the two Houses must be sifted out. Yet there are
Patriot. critics who say that everything must come
Charles E. Teeple, Louisville Times, out- to the floor for a decisive vote.
Congressional critics are crying very loudly
standing special feature columns. these days for reform of Congress. This de-
Joe Aaron, Evansville (Ind.) Courier, best mand has a good deal of support from the
local interest columns. Kennedy administration, whose bright young
men want things decided quickly and in
Mr. RHODES of PCnIL ylvania. Mr. Speaker, on April 20, a well-deselved tribute was paid to the Patriot-News, a Harrisburg, Pa., newspaper which won the National Headliner Award for con-
sistently outstanding editorial pages.AS a regular reader of the Patriot- News and as a former printer and news- paperman, I consider the Patriot-News
to be one of the better newspapers of our country. This newspaper is not published in my district but its good reputation is
known far and wide in the State of . It shows no political bias or partiality. Its editorial page is ex-
cellent . It presents various points of
view in addition to publishing its own wellswritten editorials.
informative, and whole-
some In these days of confusion and In-
creasing creasing criticism of our democratic sys- tern of government, by forces opposed to progress, it is truly a pleasure to con-
gratulate the Harrisburg Patriot-News
for its devotion to responsible commen-
tary on current events and for its receipt of this well-deserved award.
I request unanimous consent that the
following article, "National Award To Be
Given Patriot-News Editorial Page."
from the April 6 edition of the Harris-
burg Patriot-News be printed In the
RECORD.
The article follows:
"CONSISTENTLY OUTSTANDING": NATIONAL
AWARD TO BE GIvEN PATRIOT-NEws EDI-
TORIAL PAGE
The National Headliner Award, won this
year by the Patriot-News for "consistently
outstanding editorial pages," will be pre-
sented to James R. Doran. editor, at a gather-
ing of the National Headliners Club on April
20 at Atlantic City.
The decision, announced yesterday, marks
the first time the award for editorial
Dallas Reporter Raises Questions About
Public Attitude Toward Kennedy Pro-
posals
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. ALGER. Mr. speaker, It may well
be that In his apparent lack of under-
standing of the people, President Ken-
nedy does not realize the grassroots
their favor.
But Congress obviously is not sure of the
temper of the country. The Kennedy admin-
istration, coming as It does largely from
the Northeastern part of the Nation, has no
particular knowledge on this subject. Con-
thi
s
gress is not willing to take its word that
or that piece of legislation Is precisely what
the Nation wants. In many ways there are
signs that the country at large is quite satis-
fied with the status quo and desires no "get
this country moving again" projects.
Aside from pockets of depression, mostly
In the East, the Nation is faring well eco-
nomically. But President Kennedy fre-
quently talks as if this country was in the
depths of a dreadful depression.
The measures he has sent Congress are
mostly New Deallsh in concept. The central
theme is pump priming. The House has just
approved another $450 million for a WPA-
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 Approved For Release 2004/06/
A2354 CONGRESSIO
'there will be no stone marker over
Captain Cantwell's grave. But there will be
memory In the sunlit blue of the Pacific
off the Golden Gate. There will be re-
membrance in the white sails of passing
ships, and the silver hulls of the soaring
clippers; and by night in the shining stars.
Distant foghorns and the toll of buoy bells
will bring echoes from his friendly soul.
And when in lonely seas, hard-pressed
sailors battle with the storm until some
swift cutter brings rescue, thoughtful men
will know that there is in fact a Coast Guard
spirit, a spirit born of brave lives through
15 past decades of Capt. John Cassin Cant-
well and 10,000 other officers not unlike him.
HARRY W. FRANTZ.
WASHINGTON, November 23, 1940.
Phony Propaganda
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. H. R. GROSS
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, the prop-
aganda attending the President Ken-
nedy to the rescue of Mrs. Martin Luther
King episode badly needed to be fumi-
gated, and to that end the Washington
Evening Star has rendered a good public
service with the following editorial:
JUST A BIT PHONY
If one is merely a reader of headlines, an
Associated Press story from Atlanta could be
taken to mean that the Rev. Martin Luther
King, Jr., now jailed in Birmingham, Ala.,
was able to call his wife, who has just had a
baby, only through the gracious intervention
of President Kennedy. To the extent that
the story conveyed this impression, it was a
phony.
What happened, as far as we can fllld out,
is that the President, according to Mrs. King,
"had been in touch with Birmingham."
This is a bit on the vague side. Mrs. King
added, however, that the President phoned
and told her: "I've arranged for your hus-
band to telephone you very shortly. You
probably know we sent FBI agents in last
night to talk with him and he's all right."
Having in mind that the burdens of the
Presidency are said to be the heaviest in the
world, it is good to know that Mr. Kennedy,
even while on a brief vacation, at Palm
Beach, could spare the time and energy to
intercede in the Rev Mr. King's behalf. The
only thing that concerns us is whether the
President really did much, and if so what it
was that he did.
To the best of our knowledge, no one in
Birmingham was preventing the Rev. Mr.
King from calling his wife. In fact, police
chief Jamie Moore, who enjoys a local reputa-
tion in Birmingham as an honest man, says
that the Kings talked to each other on the
day before the President-to-the-rescue story
appeared, and that the telephone conversa-
tion between husband and wife "was not
arranged by Kennedy or anyone connected
with the President."
All of which causes us to wonder. If
President Kennedy called Mrs. King and told
her he had "been in touch with Birming-
ham," we certainly do not question the ac-
curacy of the statement. But what, pre-
cisely, does this mean? With whom did the
President get in touch? Was it this getting
in "touch" which made it possible for the
Rev. Dr. King to call his wife? We doubt it
very much. And we wonder what this busi-
ness is all about. Could it possibly have
anything to do with such things as votes,
gullible people, or politics?
RD - APPENDIX April 102
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DANTE B. FASCELL
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, the Sub-
committee on Inter-American Affairs of
the Foreign Affairs Committee is headed
by the distinguished gentleman from
Alabama, ARMISTEAD I. SELDEN, JR. It
has been my privilege for several years to
serve on this very important subcom-
mittee of which Mr. SELDEN is the chair-
man. All of us who serve here know full
well the fine leadership, the dedication,
the intelligence, the independence, and
the well-reasoned attitude of the able
gentleman from Alabama.
In the field of Latin-American affairs
and particularly with respect to the
problem of Cuba, he has worked very
diligently and earned our respect. He
speaks not only in his own right, but
with the full support of those Members
who have been privileged to serve with
him on the Subcommittee on Inter-
American Affairs.
As chairman of this subcommittee,
the gentleman from Alabama [Mr.
SELDEN I has always waded into the con-
troversial, sometimes complicated and
always difficult problems of U.S. rela-
tionships with Latin America. Always,
the subcommittee hearings and reports
have been of substance. His work, and
that of the subcommittee, is highly re-
garded, and it should be. Recently, the
gentleman from Alabama [Mr. SELDEN]
as chairman of the subcommittee, issued
two reports: "Castro Communist Sub-
version in the Western Hemisphere" and
"Special Study Mission to Latin Amer-
ica: Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama,
Costa Rica." Both of these reports are
the result of a great deal of hard work
and considerable study. They have
received national recognition.
It is pleasant to know that Mr.
SELDEN's efforts have been properly
recognized by the people of his own
State. A good job well done is reward
enough in itself. However, it certainly
cannot be amiss to know that the plau-
dits of your constituents have been
accorded you and are likewise well de-
served. I am particularly pleased,
therefore, to bring to the attention of my
colleagues three editorials from highly
regraded newspapers in the State of Ala-
bama which have analyzed the recent
reports of the subcommittee and have
spoken in commendation of the efforts
of the chairman of the Subcommittee on
Inter-American Affairs. I am sure that
my_ colleagues will join with me in grati-
fication at the well deserved praise and
recognition of Mr. SELDEN'S efforts and
accomplishments.
The editorials follows:
From the Mobile Press, Apr. 18, 1963]
SELDEN AND AMERICAS
Although his position has often been in
sharp conflict with that of the Kennedy
administration, Representative ARMISTEAD I.
SELDEN, of Alabama, chairman of the House
Subcommittee on Inter-American Affairs,
urges that Americans forget the quarrels of
the past and nestle down to hindrance of
Communist subversion in the hemisphere.
In the relatively brief period in which he
has served in Congress and as chairman of
an important committee, Mr. SELDEN has
gained a solid grasp on the problems that
face the hemisphere and has never failed to
speak his mind.
He has been vigorously calling for more
concerted action on the part of Americans to
thwart communism in Cuba since as far back
as 1960.
But the 'Greensboro Congressman, who
upon the invitation of President Kennedy
accompanied the Chief Executive to the San
Jose Conference, now considers the hin-
drance of subversion the No. 1' job of all
the Americas.
"In short," he declared in a talk at Liv-
ingston this week, "Khrushchev and Castro
know that an open Communist military as-
sault on any nation in this hemisphere
would demand a firm and direct response
by the United States and the Organization
of American States. Communist strategy
therefore is to gain their hemispheric goals
by subtler means."
He pointed to a finding of the subcommit-
tee as follows:
"The subcommittee addressed itself to the
current theory that economic aid alone can
counter this Communist offensive threat.
Success of the Alliance for Progress, the sub-
committee found, is endangered by con-
tinuing Castro Commuist efforts to increase
political tensions in Latin America. There-
fore, long range economic plans must be pre-
ceded and complemented by immediate
steps to meet the threat of subversive ag-
gression.
"Unless such steps are taken, the Alliance
for Progress is doomed to failure. Only after
the threat of Castro and communism is
eliminated from the hemisphere can Latin
America move forward politically and eco-
nomically."
In our estimation, this is a splendid ex-
ample of putting first things first. It is a
highly logical approach which President
Kennedy and leaders of Latin American
nations can hardly fail to adopt.
From the Tuscaloosa (Ala.) News,
Apr. 18, 19631
SPEAKING FIRMLY ON CUBA
People of this congressional district have
a right to be proud of Representative ARMI-
STEAD SELDEN and the important position he
has achieved in Inter-American Affairs.
Mr. SELDEN might be called a country law-
yer, but if so, the term would be in tribute
and not in criticism. He is close to the peo-
ple. But as a Member of Congress he has
grown in stature and in value to his Nation
through his interest in issues relating to the
Americas.
One of our most pressing problems now is
what to do about Cuba. We have a cancer
growing there. Agreement is universal that
such a condition is undesirable. There is
some disagreement over what to do about it.
Mr. SELDEN is chairman of the House Sub-
committee on Inter-American Affairs. He
has made several study missions to Latin
America. Perhaps his understanding of the
problems of Latin American peoples is the
keenest in our Congress. When he expresses
an opinion, it is backed up by knowledge and
information.
Recently, Mr. SELDEN appeared at a dinner
meeting of the Livingston-North Sumter
County Chamber of Commerce where he
spoke about the Latin American problem as
it affects the United States. He made
specific recommendations on what to do
about Cuba, following the line laid down in
his committee's report after study and after
hearings in Washington.
Mr. SELDEN rightly contends that we
should spend Title time arguing over the
mistakes of the past, and that our energy
and effort should be aimed at making de-
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 Appro NFek ?"AQOW/RE/, ibp A-Rt~ 83R000200250012-2 A2353
lag the Naval Reserve Training Camps at San
Pedro, before his retirement, with rank of
commander, in 1920.
I had known Captain Cantwell In Havana
and Washington, and exchanged letters with
him through many years. When I heard of
his last rendezvous, outside the Golden Gate.
I felt an Impulse to write of him, for I felt
that he typified many hundreds of excellent
but little-known American officers whose
lives have built the fine tradition of Ameri-
ca's oldest maritime military organization.
This organization, incidentally, had Its be-
ginning just 150 years ago, when President
George Washington on August 4, 1790, signed
the act creating the Revenue Marine Serv-
ice of the United States.
Millions of Inland Americans no less than
folks along the seacoasts have a certain affec-
tion for the Coast Guard, derived from oc-
casional news dispatches of ship rescues, Ice
patrols, life-saving incidents, or marine ex-
ploration. But the Guard has rarely drama-
tized even its greater personalities, whose
names have slight public currency. Thus
the name of the good old Bear is legion,
but who can remember one of Its many
commanders?
At Coast Guard headquarters I was per-
mitted to consult two fat flies of accumulat-
ed service letters, reports, and miscellany
concerning Captain Cantwell. From several
hours' boring. I derived the salient Impres-
alone that he was a very able seaman, a very
loyal shipmate, and an excellent writer. His
reports about the saving of the Nunivak on
the Pacific coast, and of the salvage of the
Manning, in Alaskan waters, are rare ac-
counts of danger and bravery at sea, and one
of the last notations on Captain Cantwell's
service record.
From yellowing letters known only to their
authors and the file clerks there came the
spell of days long gone at sea: of hurricane
roaring off Cape Hatteras, of storm-tossed
cutter In the Bering Sea, of half-wrecked
schooners waiting for rescue. From stern
episodes of bard life and bold adventure,
there remained only such physical memen-
toes:
A letter from Pendleton Bros.. ship brok-
ers, at New York, dated February 13, 1909,
which said: "We write to express our appre-
ciation and gratitude to Capt. J. C. Cantwell
and officers of the Revenue Cutter Onon-
daga for the seamanship and ability that was
displayed in finding at sea and towing Into
Norfolk the wrecked schooner William J.
Lermond. The vessel was totally dismasted,
rudder gone, and it was the best case of han-
dling a derelict of this kind that we have
ever known."
A letter from Rev. John W. Chapman of
Anvfk, Alaska, August 23, 1500: '1 write to
express the warm appreciation of the people
of this place of the action of Lieutenant
Cantwell, commanding the U.S. Steamer
Nunivak, in stopping to give us the assist-
ance of a physician, and to render whatever
help was in his power at a time of unusual
distress. I have never, during an experience
of 13 years in this place, known a season of
such universal and serious sickness among
the natives as the present."
A letter roughly penned from Leon R.
Swift, Master of schooner Charles Whitte-
more, dated Norfolk, Va., November 19, 1910:
"Dear Sir: Just a few words to thank you
and your officers for the kindness shown me,
in towing my vessel to a safe anchorage when
I was lying at the mercy of a dangerous sea
with a disabled rudder, your work and the
work of the Revenue Cutter service Is far be-
yond words of expression and I shall always
think kindly of yourself and officers as long
as i remain In the Merchant service hopeing
that I may be able to do as mutch for you."
Dozens of similar letters might be adduced,
which although addressed to this particular
officer would. In fact, be tribute to the
great humanitarian organization whose spirit
he shared. The motto of that organization
is "Semper Paratus"-always ready.
Regarded historically, Captain Cantwell's
most distinctive service to the Coast Guard
probably was in Alaska. He served there
during years when the great empire of the
north was only beginning to come within the
ken of the American people, and also during
the period when the gold rush caused strange
migration to the northlands.
He first visited Alaska In 1885 while serv-
Ing as junior officer on the cutter Corwin,
in a region embracing the entire coastline
of the territory from Dixons Entrance to
Point Barrow. In 1899. he was commander
of the Nunivak, which cruised from San
Francisco to a Yukon River station, thought
to be the first great transoceanic trip ever
made by a river steamer.
"Prior to the voyage of the Nunivak some
25 or 30 steamers of this class had under-
taken the voyage from ports on Puget
Sound, and of this number fully 50 percent
had either been lost en route or else had
arrived at their deeinatlon so badly Injured
as to require extensive repairs to be made on
them before they could be operated," said
the official report.
"It should, then, be a matter of congratu-
lation with the Treasury Department, as it
Is one of just pride to the officers who took
part in this expedition, that after traversing
over 4,000 miles of ocean navigation, in
spite of gales of wind and the unavoidable
mishaps incident to such a voyage, the Nuni-
vak finally reached St. Michael practically
ready for Immediate duty and in as good
condition as when she left San Francisco."
Characteristic of his generous nature, one
of Captain Cantwell's difficulties In writing a
reportwas to abridge the tributes which he
invariably made to his fellow officers and
crew. Witness a letter to headquarters after
return from the Yukon Station, which said in
part:
"Finally, I desire to thank each of the
officers of the service who were attached to
the Nunivak while under my command for
their unwavering zeal, courage, and efficiency
in the performance of the many novel duties
which fell to them during the progress of
the cruise. I gratefully acknowledge their
untiring devotion to duty under the most
trying and arduous conditions, and, while it
Is difficult to mention individuals without
apparently detracting from the services of
the whole body of officers. I desire to call
attention of the Department especially to the
remarkable journey of over 1.000 miles across
the country, made In the dead by winter by
Assistant Engineer Lewton, R.C.S. (Revenue
Cutter Service), in obedience to orders to
join the Nunivak, which orders were sent
with the expectation that the vessel would
be met at St. Michael: to the remarkable
series of observations of meteorological con-
ditions. amounting to nearly 30,000 different
observations, which were made under the
personal direction of Lt. Eugene Blake, R.G.S.
and which entailed an enormous amount of
labor and constant attention, and to the ex-
cellent pilot charts of the Yukon and
Koyukuk Rivers made by Lts. B. H. Camden,
R.C.S., and Eugene Blake. R.C.S."
Captain Cantwell's prophetic vision of the
territory of Alaska, only now approaching
realization, was written In 1901 as follows:
"From our experience In the country.
covering a period of over 2 years, and from
Information gathered from various authentic
sources, I am irresistibly drawn to the con-
clusion that the winter climate of the In-
terior of Alaska is superior in many respects
to that of many of our Northern States.
With cheaper means of transportation, by
which the necessaries of life can be procured
at less coat, and better facilities for com-
munication with the outside world, there Is
no good reason why this little known and
greatly misrepresented country should not
become the abiding place of a large and
prosperous community.
"God grant that the day is not far distant
when the youth of this country, whose fore-
fathers hewed from the icebound shores of
Maine and Massachusetts the foundations of
the great Republic, will awake from their
lethargic dream of life under the tropic skies
of the land of manana and set their faces
toward our northern province. Here. amidst
sterner but healthier surroundings, may
they make their homes and perpetuate a
race of fearless, self-reliant, and strenuous
men and women of the type which-
"'Born of the hulls and nurtured by the
winds,
Knows only Freedom's mighty song of
life.' "
Ability to observe natural phenomena is a
fine Index to a seaman's mind, and the ca-
pacity to narrate such observations skill-
fully is a rare gift. Lieutenant Cantwell
demonstrated such talents In the following
account of the Arctic winter and aurora
borealis:
"The end of November 1899, found us in
the midst of an Arctic winter. Snow fell
with more or less regularity during this and
the preceding month until now the country
was covered to a depth of 3 feet or more
with a mantle of spotless white. Every
branch and twig of the smaller growth of
trees, the willows, and alders and birches,
were sheathed in a gleaming armor of Ice,
and the tall, somber spruces carried upon
their dark, spreading branches each its bur-
den of fleecy snow. Hardly a breath of air
stirred in the woods, and the lagging sun
rose each day like a great sliver disk and ran
its course across a sky that was absolutely
free from clouds. Long after the sun dis-
appears below the crests of the mountains
which lie to the south the radiance of his
setting bathes the sky in tender color, now
green, and pink, now softest lilac, shot with
silver threads, and gradually as night comes
on the more delicate colors fade away and
Insensibly the whole southern sky darkens
to a splendid purple, lighted up by a host
of trembling stars.
"The month of November was marked by
the most brilliant displays of the aurora
borealis observed during our stay in the
North. Some of these displays were so re-
markable that we would frequently leave our
warm quarters to watch the magnificent
spectacle with fascinated interest while it
lasted or until the intense cold would cause
us to seek shelter.
"As a usual thing the auroral displays
were observed to be most brilliant just
previous to a period of lower temperatures:
but they were rarely seen during the prev-
alence of excessively cold weather. The
phenomena of the aurora have so often been
described by abler writers that I shall not
attempt to do so here. There are no words
at my command adequate for the purpose.
The spectacle must be seen to be fully ap-
preciated, and for one who loves nature in
all her moods nothing can be more beauti-
ful-and at the same time so awe-Inspir-
ing-than this mystic northern light
drenching the sky from the zenith to the
horizon with cascades of evershifting color.
Now set in rigid lines of prismatic hue, and
again tremulous and waving In crinkling
folds across the sky, festooning the firma-
ment with clinging, silken fabrics, through
which the light flows and filters with soft
radiance, and again, breaking into myriads
of glistening, flashing particles-a whole
world of jewels to be strewn across the in-
terapace with such reckless prodigality as to
blind the eye and confuse the mind and to
make any mere word description of its won-
derful beauty weak and futile."
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 1963 Approved For el it?~Qp6~i/?3,if(16-RBP65g$~ BTJ0200250012-2 A2355
cisions'`to protect our future. He believes
the best way to handle the Cuban problem
is to quarantine it.
Specifically, the recommendations are
that the President use whatever means may
be necessary to prevent the spread of sub-
versive activities from Cuba; that we be
ready to help, with military force If needed,
any nation endangered by Cuban Communist
subversive force; that hemispheric security
be strengthened, - and that the United
States should seek total economic and diplo-
matic quarantine of Cuba.
In such recommendations, we are offered a
course requiring courage, Idgenuity and
carrying considerable risk. But the danger
of not being positive in the Cuban crisis is
much greater.
[From the Birmingham (Ala.) News, Apr. 17,
1963]
REPRESENTATIVE SELDEN'S GOOD WORK
Alabama's Representative ARMISTEAD SEL-
DEN headed a subcommittee which made a
study of Latin America. First reports have
been issued.
The subcommittee reports that the United
States has "a more favorable position in
Latin America than it has had for many
years." But it also says that our neighboring
countries must do more to help themselves.
Particularly, the governments must "capture
the allegiance of their people by being re-
sponsive to their needs." Unless this is done,
says the group, then there will continue to
be instability among our Latin associates.
The report, from press summaries, appears
well balanced and helpful. It sees and notes
good; It identifies the area of fault.
The News believes all Alabamians are
proud of the work ARMISTEAD SELDEN and
his subcommittee performed. The matter
of communism in Latin America is very se-
rious. And it is a problem which has led
some, at least, to exploitation of difficul-
ties. There has been more than a little
political purpose behind some prompt criti-
cisms. But, as has been observed else-
where, there is fault enough to go around.
Alabama people who know ARMISTEAD SEL-
DEN are not surprised at the balanced na-
ture of the report. It is, however, desirable
to footnote that, in dealing with a subject
which some might have been tempted to
maneuver for their own particular ends, the
Selden committee exercised prudence and ,g
genuine statesmanship,
Tax Chaos Threatens 140,000 Jobs
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
serious impact that the new regulations
on expense accounts are having on one
of America's basic industries, namely,
the food-dispensing industry, is graph-
ically described in an article titled "Tax
Chaos Threatens 140,000 Jobs," which
appeared in a special edition of Hospi-
tali~y magazine published in Chicago.
I am taking the liberty of calling this
very' important article to the attention
of my colleagues because I feel that
every single congressional district in this
Nation is affected by this crisis which is
now facing the hotel, motel, and restau-
rant industry in America.
This particular industry does more
than $83 billion worth of business in
America every year. The magnitude of
this figure shows that this is a basic in-
dustry in our country, and when this
overall volume begins to lag the effect
on the entire Nation's economy could
indeed be catastrophic.
I am pleased to note that. Internal
Revenue Service Commissioner Morti-
mer Caplin has announced public hear-
ings will be held on May 6 and 7 here
in Washington, at which time spokesmen
for the industry will have an opportunity
to comment on the most recent proposed
rulemaking regulations regarding ex-
penses announced by the IRS.
Mr. Speaker, the Hospitality magazine
article follows:
CRITICAL CONSEQUENCES MULTIPLYING RAPIDLY
New Federal tax rules on expense account
spending, overzealous interpretation of them
by officials, conflicting statements and mis-
understanding have created a situation in
the hospitality industry that may reach the
proportions of a catastrophe unless action is
taken quickly to remedy and clarify it.
Already the situation has produced-
Reductions of from 10 to 55 percent in
food service sales.
A drop of 4 to 28 percent in hotel and
motel room occupancy.
Cut of 10 to 30 percent in convention at-
tendance and 10 to 25 percent in future
bookings.
A 20-percent slash In the demand for beef
by restaurants and hotels.
Lessened demand for coffee and other basic
supplies used to feed business guests.
By the end of the year, consequences will
include:
Elimination of $666 million in restaurant
sales, about a third of normal expense ac-
count spending, half of which goes to work-
ers in wages.
Certain failure for several hundred for-
merely successful restaurants and hotels.
And an addition to already record unem-
ployment rolls of 140,000 men and women
whose jobs will be wiped out by these
failures and by sharp reductions in other
operations.
These are facts and figures-not estimates
or guesses but hard statements determined
by surveys of the hospitality industry con-
ducted by the hospitality group of maga-
zines, the National Restaurant Association,
the American Motor Hotel Association, and
the American Hotel and Motel Association-
which have resulted from the nationwide
fear and confusion produced among bust-
nessmen and companies by the new expense
account tax legislation and the interpreta-
tion of the new law by the Internal Revenue
Service.
Business and industry, fearful of running
afoul of the new law, have cut back business
trips and expense account entertaining by
their salesmen and sales and manufacturing
officials.
Employees of these companies, afraid vari-
ous expenditures will not be allowed, have
cut back further in many cases.
WIVES LEFT AT HOME-THEATERS, SHOPS HIT
Wives formerly taken to meetings have
been left at home, reducing double occu-
pancy of rooms with a consequent reduction
in the room rental rate, halving the meals
consumed in restaurants and hotel dining
rooms and at banquets by the double attend-
ance, and eliminating thousands of dollars
spent by them in the retail stores of every,
big convention city.
Harsh ,statements by the Government on
enforcement of the new rules started the
action that is swiftly rolling into a catas-
trophe.
A lack of understanding on the part of the
businessmen affected hastened it along.
Failure to remedy it quickly may com-
plete it.
Besides the results mentioned:
The entertainment business-theaters,
night clubs-is hurting.
With a lessened demand for beef, cattle
growers are being hit.
Farmers, with a lessened demand for raw
foods by hotels and restaurants, will be hurt.
Investors in thousands of operations will
see their investments wiped out by failures
or.devalued by profit margins critically re-
duced by loss of business flue to the tax
legislation.
While Treasury officials say the new rules
aren't as harsh as the public seems to think,
many people apparently do not want to be
bothered by all the recordkeeping the tax
collectors apparently now require to support
expense account deductions.
What was intended to be a move to end
expense account living may result in the loss
of more revenue through loss of taxable in-
come, failures of business, and loss of jobs
than will be gained by the new legislation.
A survey by the hospitality group of maga-
zines of restaurants catering to the busi-
nessman and hotels and motor hotels where
many conventions and meetings are nor-
mally held, showed the figures cited on the
opening page of this article. Excerpts from
many of the replies will be found at end of
article.
A survey of 387 restaurants in 40 cities
across the country by the National Restau-
rant Association shows that business in Jan-
uary and February was 16.4 percent below
the same 2 months of 1962 and that employ-
ment in these restaurants was down 11 per-
cent, or 22,000 jobs, based on a 1962 payroll
of 200,000 in these operations. Dinner busi-
ness was down by a third.
The average restaurant check was lower,
and waiters reported that tips were smaller.
There were also more single guests because
of wives left at home.
A drop of $666 million in 1963 restaurant
revenue is seen by the National Restaurant
Association as a result of the cutback in
expense account spending, with half-of this
amount representing wages that normally
go to restaurant workers.
Proof that the drop in restaurant revenue
is due to curbs on business spending is pro-
vided by operations such as those in Kansas
City where a restaurant operator owns a cof-
fee shop and an expense account restaurant
across the street. With the same -location,
same weather, same management, there was
a 20-percent difference in their perform-
ance in January.
Select Restaurant -and Hotels of Washing-
ton, which handles credit charges for over
50 restaurants in that State, reported a drop-
of 15 percent in business as a result of the
new tax legislation and uncertainty regard-
ing it.
A survey by the Restaurant Association of
Maryland in the Baltimore area indicated a
14- to 22-percent drop in gross business
representing a $190,000 loss, precipitating a
substantial layoff and= further aggravating
an already - bad unemployment problem in
that area.
With considerable business lost due to- the
new restriction, a well-known Washington,
D.C., restaurant reported guest checks fhr
food and liquor off 40 percent among those
business people still patronizing the opera-
tion. Total sales were reported down from
50 to 55 percent.
At the peak of the winter season in Florida,
a famous Fort Lauderdale restaurant re-
ported sales down 4.4 percent in January,
7.5 percent in February, and 12 percent for
the first 4 days in March.
A Chicago restaurant which has experi-
enced spiraling sales since 1952 stated that
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 Approveck~F%/0/j3ofi6-RDR000200250012-2 April 22
business the past 60 days was down 10 per-
cent.
Lowest January sales In 5 years were re-
ported from a San Francisco restaurant.
MAY CLOSE NIGHTCLUB-END $20,000 PAYROLL
With better entertainment features, busi-
ness in a well-known supper room of a Dal-
Ias hotel was off by 50 percent since Janu-
ary f with a consequent drop in employ-
merit. As a result, this hotel said it may
wipe out Its nightclub operation, abolishing
a union payroll of $20,000 per month.
With local business up 7 percent, a San
Francisco hotel noted that convention at-
tendance and occupancy declined 30 per-
cent, due in a great measure to wives not
attending the meetings. Convention book-
ings also were down, food sales dropped 20
percent and beverage sales dropped 11 per,
cent.
In Boston, one of the city's large hotels
reported food sales for the first 2 months
of 1963 down $50,300, including 447,604 in
banquet business; convention occupancy
8,765 nights compared with 10.205 in 1962
and total occupancy 60.4 percent compared
with 66.48 percent a year ago,
DISASTER AHEAD FOR MUSICIANS, WAITRESSES
Layoffs of musicians, growing each day.
may reach disastrous proportions as reduced
volume forces the closing of food rooms
where they provided live background music
or live entertainment, and other rooms are
forced to reduce the size of musical groups
to meet lower income. Adding to the gravity
of the situation are the cancellations of
many private parties where music was used.
Typical of the situation: Three musicians
and a performer laid off by one large New
York City hotel with elimination of music
and entertainment In one food room, with
two more musicians laid off with cut in
orchestra from six to four in another room.
Musical trio dismissed at another hotel
where food and liquor sales dropped $10,000
a month and an even greater drop expected.
Eight men in two bands on dismissal notice
since March 3 in one well-known restaurant.
Nightly entertainment reduced from dally to
two nights F. week at one hotel, from daily
to one night per week at a restaurant; eight
men on notice at another hotel; orchestra
cut from 16 to 8 at one hotel and from 14
to 10 at another; music eliminated at eight
restaurants employing 25 musicians.
Layoffs of waiters and waitresses as a re-
sult of the new rulings are growing greater,
unions admit. In Chicago alone, 1.000 wait-
ers have been laid off since the first of the
year, according to a survey of 98 restaurants
there. Other cities are reporting similar
situations on varying scales.
More than 15,000 maids, busboys, porters,
etc., and 7,000 food service workers will lose
their jobs in the motel Industry if the trend
continues, according to S. Cooper Dawson, Jr.,
president of the American Motor Hotel As-
sociation, based on a survey of eight key
States and chain and referral organizations.
Totals for the overall lodging industry have
been estimated at 60,000 jobless by the end
of the year.
One referral group, representing 690 motels
with over 34,000 rooms, reported a drop of
13.2 percent in room sales for the first 50
days of 1963, Mr. Dawson said.
Cutbacks in purchases by steakhouses
and restaurants serving prime ribs have been
felt by meat purveyors In the Institutional
field, A typical restaurant ordering 30 to 40
prime ribs now orders 25 to 30 at the most,
one meathouse reported. Similar cases are
reported by others.
LOWER PRICES AHEAD. CATTLE FEEDERS WARNED
Cattle feeders were warned by one big meat
company In a half-page ad recently in the
Drovers Journal that, with cattle prices al-
ready down, there may be a further decline
of 20 percent unless they join in stopping the
destruction of the market for prime meat by
the new expense account rules.
Conflicting statements on the tax situa-
tion are blamed for which of the confusion
and fear that has hurt business In the hos-
pitality industry. Lack of final clarification
of such substantive measures as what is de-
ductible and what Is not, and defining such
broad terms as "lavish" and "extravagant"
entertainment is also responsible.
To eliminate some of the fear and con-
fusion among potential business customers.
indtvidaul restaurants and restaurant asso-
ciations, spearheaded by the National Restau-
rant Association, have opened an educational
drive based on the placing of small booklets
and table tents in front of customers empha-
sizing that business meals are still deducti-
ble. The same message is provided in stufers
for envelopes mailed to customers.
Protests also have been made to congres-
sional leaders regarding interpretations of
the law that it Is felt do not accurately
reflect the Intent of Congress when It passed
the legislation.
Modification of some of the restrictions
imposed last year by Congress on the tax
deductibility of business entertainment and
travel expenses or at least on the rigid Inter-
pretation of the law by the Internal Revenue
Service was indicated early in March after
S. closed door meeting of the Senate Finance
Committee and IRS Commissioner Mortimer
Capiln, and restaurant, hotel, and motel op-
erators can help bring this about by making
committee members and their Congressmen
and Senators aware of the vital necessity of
taking such action.
Senator SMATHERS, Democrat, of Florida,
declared at the meeting, It is reported, that
the IRS has gone far beyond congressional
Intent by:
1. Requiring the keeping of receipts for
any single travel or entertainment expense
exceeding $25.
2. Requiring "meticulous records" to docu-
ment a business discussion preceding or fol-
lowing entertainment to make the expendi-
ture tax deductible.
3. Requiring a description of the type of
entertainment provided.
4. Requiring a listing of the names of
persons entertained.
5. Establishing that an employee in some
Instances would have to pay taxes on his
reimbursements for travel and entertain-
ment costs that aren't allowed by IRS.
CLAIMS REGULATIONS BADLY MISUNDERSTOOD
To these statements, Mr. Caplin contended
that the recordkeeping regulations are
badly misunderstood. He claimed that:
1. A businessman's records do not neces-
sarily have to contain the names of persons
entertained if those names are of a confl-
dentiat nature.
2. Exceptions will be allowed In the case
of receipts that are difficult to obtain even
where the expenditure exceeds $25.
9. A great dent of time need not be devoted
by the taxpayer to maintaining minimum
records.
GRAVEST PROBLEM EVER FACED
John Green, president, American Hotel &
Motel Association: "Nationwide drops in
business due to the recent Internal Revenue
Service regulations on travel and entertain-
ment expenses Is perhaps the gravest problem
ever faced by the lodging industry. Ameri-
can Hotel & Motel Association, through Its
Washington office Is In the forefront of a
drive together with the many similarly af-
fected associations to get the IRS to relax
these rulings before permanent harm Is done.
We know that Congress did not intend IRS
to create such burdensome regulations. We
feel that it was the intent of Congress to
eliminate excesses but that the present reg-
ulations go far beyond what was intended
when the enabling legislation was passed last
year. The business community is bewildered
by the regulations which have alreatty been
announced and apprehensive over what is
allowed and not allowed. The results of the
regulations are causing our industry to lay-
off employees and in some cases shut down
previously successful facilities. Members of
the innkeeping Industry are flooding Wash-
ington with cold, hard facts which demon-
strate the bad effects these rulings have had
on the industry."
MISLEADING STATEMENTS A CAUSE
Henry Montague, president, National Res-
taurant Association:
"The confusing and misleading statements
on the expense account law are already be-
ginning to have a detrimental effect on the
Nation's economy. Misinformation regard-
ing the law has hurt business in many areas
of the country. This has already forced
workers to be laid off, thereby adding to the
Nation's serious unemployment situation.
"Although the new regulations on expense
accounts are just taking effect, surveys we
have taken of leading restaurants in major
cities on the east coast, south, middle west,
and west coast report that January busi-
ness is down due to confusion over the new
law. This decrease In restaurant business
has forced layoffs in many areas. Actually.
the Increase in unemployment in the res-
taurant Industry is only a small segment of
the overall problem. There are 1,600,000 em-
ployees In the restaurant Industry, making
it the fourth largest industry in the Nation.
"Directly supplying the needs of the res-
taurant Industry are many other workers in
the raising, processing, distribution, and
preparation of quality fruits, vegetables,
meats, bakery goods, dairy products, as well
as all types of supplies and equipment used
in the restaurant industry. A substantial
reduction in the volume of business in res-
taurants not only forces layoffs in this in-
dustry but causes a chain reaction which has
a direct Impact on employment in all related
areas of the food-service industry. This
adds to the already serious problem of em-
ployment throughout the Nation.
"One of the great traditions which has
helped the growth of American industry is
the Informal business meal whereby a busi-
nessman uses the friendliness of a restaurant
meal to create good will which may ulti-
mately help his business. This good-will en-
tertaining is normally done in the better
restaurants. These establishments pay top
prices for the premium quality of meat and
other foods they serve. A substantial re-
duction In the volume of foods (meat and
produce) used In these restaurants causes
disruption in the entire marketing structure
and pricing schedules of all foods. Eventu-
ally, this hurts every consumer as well as the
farmers, ranchers, meat packers, and food
processers.
"It is clearly evident from the record in
both the House and the Senate that Con-
gress did not intend for the new income tax
law to cause severe dislocations in the Na-
tion's economic progress, but misleading
statements and confusion concerning the law
are already having a detrimental effect on
business and causing unemployment in many
areas."
TWENTY-TWO THOUSAND TO LOSE MOTEL
JOBS
S. Cooper Dawson, Jr., president, Amer-
ican Motor Hotel Association:
"A drop of 16.3 percent in room, food and
beverage sales in motels Is reported for the
first 2 months of this year as compared
to January and February sales a year ago.
"This sales lag I. directly attributable to
curtailment of expense account spending,
and if this trend continues, more than 22,000
employees in the motel industry will lose
their jobs as a result of decreased sales.
About 7,000 of these are food service work-
ers and about 15,000 are maids, busboys,
porters, etc,
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 Approved For Release 2004/06/
The indicated article follows:
[From the Christian Science Monitor, Apr.
8, 19631
PANAMA SLOWS REVOLUTIONISTS
(By Ralph K. Skinner)
PANAMA CITY.-Over the past few years,
there has been much talk in Panama of a
need for revolution, for drastic social and po-
litical changes.
Despite, the continuing clamor of opposi-
tion leaders, the possibility of immediate ac-
tion here seems to be fading.
The revolutionary movement received a
setback recently when political firebrand
Roberto (Tito) Arias, of the publishing
family, was 'jailed and charged with com-
plicity in the smuggling of hundreds of cases
of liquor. He is the son of the late former
President Dr. Harmodio Arias.
Tito Arias was identified by the Govern-
ment as a leader in planning the invasion of
Panama by Castro fighters in 1959. Later
that year he participated in an abortive
revolutionary attempt which forced him to
spend 15 months in exile.
An avowed revolutionist, Tito Arias is
known to have connections with Fidel Cas-
tro. He is a close associate of Deputy
Thelma King, Panama's outspoken legislator
who is a close friend of Dr. Castro. Deputy
King visits Dr. Castro in Cuba so frequently
that she is considered a possible liaison be-
twcen Dr. Castro and prominent revolution-
oriented persons, in Panama.
Many of Deputy King's sympathizers and
followers have received special training in
Cuba. She, herself, is dedicated to revolu-
tion as the only remedy for Panama's prob-
lems.
Deputy King, speaking over her own sta-
tion, Radio Tribuna, suggested on April 1
the establishment of diplomatic relations
between Panama and the Soviet Union. She
has visited the Soviet Union and is a fre-
quent apologist for that nation. She
pointed to acceptance of Premier Nikita S.
Khrushchev or members of his family at
the White House and the Vatican as a pat-
tern which Panama should follow.
In reiterating her demand for a revolution
in Panama, Deputy King makes full use of
her immunity from arrest as a member of the
National Assembly.
'Her primary target is the incumbent
Chiari administration which she claims ex-
ploits the masses and enriches the monop-
olists who control the country. Her out-
spoken attacks have given her a following
among the working class, the unemployed
and the "humildes" in Panama.
Also associated with Deputy King is
Andres Galvan, self-appointed spokesman
for the working class. When he returned
from an extended tour of Communist China
and other Communist areas, Mr. Galvan
stormily denounced the United States.
Since then he has taken another long trip
to Cuba (he says he- also visited Guinea and
Ghana) as the guest of Dr. Castro.
Changes resulted from this last trip. Mr.
Galvan talked more mildly to this corre-
spondent recently, discussing Panama social
conditions. He spoke, however, of a Pan-
ama revolution as the only way of establish-
ing an honest government here. He accused
the United States of support in the oli-
garchies generally in power throughout
Latin America.
The revolutionary movement in Panama
lacks internal spontaneity and, untainted
leadership. The self-proclaimed revolution-
ists appear concerned with the achievement
L RECORD - APPENDIX April 22
o Laos U.S. Foreign Policy
Policy Planning Council, Department of
State) reported progress on all fronts. To
be sure, he conceded, "none of the crises on
the national agenda as of January 1961 has
been finally and satisfactorily settled. The
treaty arrangements in Laos remain precari-
ous, still violated by the continued presence
in that country of'Vietminh units under the
control of Hanoi. * * ? West Berlin stands
firm, confident , and prosperous, but the
threat to its future remain. And evidently
the crisis over Cuba is not at an end." None-
theless, in a stunning nonsequitur he pro-
ceeded to conclude: "We have achieved
something substantial in these 26 months:
the momentum of Khrushchev's post-sputnik
offensive has been halted, and in vast areas
which have been threatened by it free men
breathe easier."
More dangerous nonsense would be hard
to come by these days. Under the hapless
leadership of the New Frontier, as even its
staunch supporters now concede, the free
world has suffered a dreary succession of
defeats. Regarding Cuba, for example, Wil-
liam V. Shannon, Washington columnist for
the leftwing New York Post, recently pulled
no punches. Two years ago, he observed
last week, "a brave and active underground
movement against Castro was spreading.
Exiles in Florida were alive with hope for
his early overthrow." Since then, however,
their hopes have been dashed by one be-
trayal after another, from the Bay of Pigs
to the incredible blockade imposed by the
U.,5. Coast Guard, not against the Commu-
nist regime in Havana, but against its mortal
foes. Such perfidy now has led to the rup-
ture of friendly ties between Washington
and the Cubans in exile, a denouncement
which, wrote Mr. Shannon scathingly,
"Brings to a close a cycle of defeat, political
ignorance and moral confusion. Every-
thing has now been surrendered, including
h?onor."
In Laos, too, the once firm U.S. posture
has developed a perilous sag. Until 1961
this country actively supported a regime in
Vientiane which, despite its defects, was
pro-Western and willing to resist the thrust
of Communist aggression, launched years be-
fore by native Reds aided and abetted by
north Vietnam and Red China. However,
in the ill-founded hope. of restoring peace
to the embattled land, the Kennedy admin-
istration, through its roving ambassador,
W. Averell Harriman, began urging, and
finally pressuring, its Laotian allies to form
a coalition government with a neutralist
group and the local Communist P het Lao.
Last summer at an international Conference
the three factions signed an agreement which
established such a troika government and
demanded the withdrawal of all foreign
forces from Laotian soil.
Describing the settlement as a calculated
risk (Barron's chose at the time to call it
a witless gamble), Washington promptly
complied. The Reds did not. On the con-
trary, they quickly set about demonstrating
once again that every treaty with a Cominu-
nist is an open invitation to trouble. The
Pathet Lao first tried assassination, one of
the trusted lieutenants of Kong Le, the mis-
guided neutralist who originally launched
the revolt, was murdered a few weeks ago.
Next came subversion, a tactic revealed last
month when a loyal Laotian soldier shot the
foreign minister and denounced him as a
traitor. Finally, in early April the Pathet
Lao launched an unprovoked attack against
the neutralist forces on the Plains des
Jarres, capturing ? several strongholds and
other strategic real estate.
macks of Appeasement
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. GEORGE MEADER
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I include
the following article which appeared in
the April 15, 1963 issue of Barron's Na-
tional Business and Financial Weekly:
FROM CUBA TO LAOS-U.S. FOREIGN POLICY
SMACKS OF APPEASEMENT
The Kennedy administration, as its most
ardent critics must admit, has consistently
displayed admirable skill in the use of words.
Last week the President himself was in rare
rhetorical form. After keeping the Nation in
mounting suspense for 36 hours, Mr. Ken-
nedy on Thursday snapped the tension, and
sent the stock market skyrocketing, with one
of the most adroitly phrased political pro-
nouncements on record. While remaining
firmly opposed to across-the-board increases
in steel prices, he stated, the powers that be
are willing to accept selective adjustments
up or down, as prompted by changes in sup-
ply and demand. The day before the steel
crisis, at a ceremony conferring honorary
American citizenship' upon Sir Winston
Churchill, the, Chief Executive rose to the
occasion no less nobly. In a glowing tribute
to his new compatriot, the President said in
part: "In the dark days and darker nights
when England stood alone, he mobilized the
English language and sent it into battle.
Whenever and wherever tyranny threatened,
he has always championed liberty."
In saluting the verbal prowess of Sir
Winston, the President was speaking not
merely as head of state but also as one
professional to another. Since taking office
John F. Kennedy more than once has sought
to rally his countrymen with stirring calls
to arms; at times he has succeeded in sound-
ing almost Churchillian. Unfortunately,
however, the resemblance ends right there.
For in translating words into deeds, the
Kennedy administration has acted not with
the boldness of the great Prime Minister,
but with the irresolution and timidity of his
inglorious predecessor. In Latin America,
Southeast Asia and in the heart of Europe,
the White House, despite an occasional flash
of spirit, has been pursuing a policy of ap-
peasement. Day by day and step by step, in
consequence, the Communist tyranny has
gained ground; the forces of freedom, con-
trariwise, have been in steady retreat. In a
desperate quest for peace in our time, as the
author or "Why England Slept" must know,
Neville Chamberlain unwittingly paved the
way for World War II. To prevent history
from writing a catastrophic sequel, the
President and his official family would do
well to learn from it.
A prerequisite to learning, of course, is the
willingness to face facts. On this score the
White House and its advisers have proved
sadly deficient. A case in point is Walt W.
Rostow,. a man whose global knowledge of
economic and political affairs. is matched
only by his apparent lack of insight. In a
far-ranging speech in Philadelphia recently
on the cold war, Professor Rostow (who
serves as counselor and chairman of the
Approve,j1 For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
Appendix
Jefferson-Jackson Day Address by
Senator Bayh
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. VANCE HARTKE
OF INDIANA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, on
April 6, 1963, at Indianapolis, Ind., the
junior Senator of Indiana [Mr. BAYHI
was called upon to deliver the principal
address at the Indiana Democratic Jef-
ferson-Jackson Day dinner.
The junior Senator of Indiana per-
formed eloquently, giving to his audi-
ence a clear picture of Jeffersonian and
Jacksonian principles, and how those
principles are applicable today.
For the benefit of all of those who did
not have the privilege of hearing my dis-
tinguished colleague of Indiana, I ask
unanimous consent to have his remarks
printed in the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
JEFFERSON-JACKSON DAY SPEECH
(By Senator BAYH)
Tonight we meet to celebrate a victory,
a victory most Hoosiers though an impossible
task only 12 short months ago. Through
your faith and devotion, with your energy
and dedication to purpose, together we won
the good fight. Words are insufficient to
express the deep gratitude which Marvella
and I feel In our hearts for you who honored
me by bestowing the honor of serving as
your U.S. Senator from Indiana.
Yes, there were those who said Democratic
victory in Indiana was Impossible. There
are those who utter this same sterile sound-
ing slogan tonight. Let us here and now
proclaim to those pitiful prophets of doom
who declared it impossible to elect VANCE
HARTKE to the U.S. Senate, who thought it
impossible to seat Matthew Welsh in the
Governor's chair, who pessimistically proph-
esied that a young State legislator from the
city of Terre Haute was wasting his time,
let us say to them at this very hour that
the Democratic Party does not now nor will
we ever again believe that the election of
Democrats In Indiana is Impossible.
Let us start now determined to elect and
reelect Democratic mayors throughout this
State. Let us decide now that a Democrat
will be elected Governor, that Indiana will
continue to have two Democratic Senators,
that Democrats shall control the next gen-
eral assembly and that Indiana shall cast
its electoral votes for John Fitzgerald Ken-
nedy in 1984.
The people of Indiana want good govern-
ment and we are giving it to them. Hoosier
citizens demand straight talk and solutions
to complicated problems. This we pledge.
This Is our goal.
As Democrats we can be proud of the herit-
age to which we fall benefit. From the time
the principles of the Democratic Party were
laid down by Thomas Jefferson and Andrew
Jackson, ours has been the party of the peo-
pie, the defender of minority groups, the
party of progress.
Shortly after the founding of our party.
Thomas Jefferson defined Its goals, charac-
terized its philosophy and contrasted it with
opposing forces when he said:
"Men by their constitutions are naturally
divided into two parties those who fear and
distrust the people and wish to draw all
powers from them into the hands of the
high classes; and those who identify them-
selves with the people, have confidence in
them, cherish and consider them as most
honest and safe."
In the span of nearly a century and a half
from Jefferson to Kennedy, a great nation
and the world's oldest democracy has sprung
from the waiting lands of a continent and
the hearts of a people and has spread around
the world. And across this Nation is em-
biazened the record of the Democratic Party,
its belief in the people, Its belief in the dig-
nity of every man, its belief that there is no
more noble aspiration for a political party
or government than to tend to the needs of
Its citizens and to promote the basic oppor-
tunities of each individual American.
The Democratic Party has pursued these
goals with concrete legislative programs.
Democrats have been responsible for the
cornerstones of family security, the social
security program, unemployment compen-
sation. consideration for the aged, the blind.
our children. Democrats established the
minimum wage and throughout the years
we have Improved it and increased Its cover-
age. We have made considerable progress
In the field of civil rights.
But we need not dwell In the past to talk
of Democratic accomplishments. The Dem-
ocratic Party Is a party of the present and
the future. After 2 years of the New Fron-
tier, at the quarter post of the presidency
of John F. Kennedy, we can see progress that
has improved life here and around the world.
Great progress has been made. Yet we are
determined to solve problems still unsolved.
America has long been known for Its Bill
of Rights. Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke
eloquently of the fo it freedoms. Today a
space age America must echo these thoughts
and must rededicate itself to ensure certain
basic opportunities for each American.
Each American must be given the oppor-
tunity to secure a job sufficient to provide
for his family. Through the leadership of
President Kennedy more Americans are gain-
fully employed today than at any other time
in the history of our Nation.
Over 71 million American working men
and women labor In the Industries, shops,
farms and mines of this country. Yet the
challenge remains as long as many American
workers cannot find jobs; as long as young
minds and bodies are not properly equipped
to find employment In space-age occupations.
We, as Democrats are determined to meet
this challenge with tax reviews to spur lag-
ging economic growth; with retraining pro-
grams to assist those with unneeded skills;
with a special youth program to guide and
assist our younger citizens.
We are equally determined to provide this
opportunity for those who labor on the farms
of America. The efforts of the present ad-
ministration have brought about an increase
In farm Income of approximately 10 percent
during the last 2 years. Yet we will not rest
until the American farmer enjoys equal pros-
perity with the rest of America, and the
abundance from American farms Is utilized
as a blessing to a hungry world rather than
as a stumbling block to high farm income.
Those who labor In business, large and
small, must be guaranteed the opportunity
to trade in an atmosphere of freedom from
unfair competition and domination by mo-
nopolies at home and abroad. We, as Demo-
crats, believe in a truly free economy, free
from Government control and free from the
oppression of monopolistic power. Ample
opportunity for thesmall businessman is an
Important goal.
Each American, as a member of a family
group, should be afforded the opportunity for
compatible family living. The opportunities
for jobs, for decent housing, and for ade-
quate medical care during the twilight years
of life are important steps toward attaining
this goal. And we as Democrats must con-
tinue the efforts made In past years to see
that adequate legislative programs are en-
acted In this important area.
Finally, each American child must have
the opportunity for a good education. No
Investment we make as a nation is more im-
portant than that which we make In provid-
ing adequate training for our most valuable
natural resource, our children. Every child
must have the opportunity to develop full
his own potentiality. To be sure it takes
classrooms, it takes teachers; and these take
money. But investment in our Nation's
future through education is our best guaran-
tee of meeting the challenges of the space
age and the future.
If these opportunities are to be provided
for Americans today, each of us must be reso-
lute in opposition to these few persons who
would deprive them to some Americans be-
cause of race, religion, or national origin; for
full American citizenship means freedom of
worship, freedom of access to public places,
freedom to speak without fear of reprisal,
and freedom to vote one's own convictions
In the privacy of a polling place.
The cold war struggle today finds commu-
nistic totalitarianism and democratic free-
dom locked In mortal combat.
A waiting world is watching the American
response to the challenges of this age. Awak-
ening nations, searching for a better way of
life, are asking will democracy and freedom
work?
Let us answer with a hearty chorus of
yes. Let us answer by renewing our de-
termination to keep the United States of
America a land of opportunity, for all Ameri-
cans, for each American.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, on many
previous occasions, I have mentioned
Panamanian revolutionists by name.
An interesting news story by Ralph K.
Skinner, special correspondent of the
Christian Science Monitor on the
Isthmus, further identifies certain rev-
olutionary activists on the isthmus.
A2325
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 1963
Approved J i W*UUJCCRUIDP)SBB 3k000200250012-2 A2327
i To the latest outburst of naked Com-
munist aggression, the New Frontier reacted
with its customary vigor. Even as his dip-
lomatic handiwork was collapsing, Averell
Harriman.was promoted to Under Secretary
of State. His boss; Dean Rusk, appealed for
a cease fire. And the SEATO Alliance, at
U.S. behest, announced plans to stake an
impressive show of force, not in Laos, where
the shooting happens to be, but in neigh-
boring Thailand, where freemen (Mr. Ros-
tow to the contrary notwithstanding) today
surely breathe no easier.
"Don't worry, they're still 9.0 miles
away," proclaims a tatirie Republican car
sticker. Evidently, Washington hasn't got-
ten the message. Even as fighting broke out
afresh in Laos, the White House was record-
ing its elation over another dubious diplo-
matic stroke, the tentative agreement to set
up a direct line to the Kremlin. Even as
President l;ennedy was eloquently hailing
a now retired champion of freedom, the
cause of freedom was suffering. Appeas-
ment is an ugly word, and one which even
Nelson Rockefeller, who sounds more like a
party standardbearer every day, backed
away from last week. History has no such
qualms. Unless the current disastrous
course of events is reversed, there will be
only one place in history for the Kennedy
administration. And it won't be among the
profiles in courage.
U. S. Agencies Praised
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WAYNE MORSE
OF OREGON
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
itarianism, and our agencies are making that this paradise we could have and the ugly
beginning. It will take time, dedication, truth learned by Oklahomans in the recent
and a great deal of money to make an im- past? The difference lies in the Upstream
portant impact. It will require the coopera- Flood Control. Could this one matter of
tion of American business interests as well controlling water in our streams take us
as the education of the small percentage of from drought to abundance? There are
the people of wealth in South America. many men who feel that it can, that one
There will be failures and successes. of the greatest needs in Oklahoma today is
From the standpoint of the citizens of the the successful management of our water
United States this is net charity. It is some- resources.
thing that we must do in order to prevent How, then, can we do this? Is it one
the United States from, becoming an island of those things that is simple and yet not
surrounded by Communist revolutions-rev- so simple? For one thing it is a long-term
olutions which can and will bring down the program. I was surprised to learn that work
vices and bloodshed of the French revolution, in this area started as far back as 1903. The
FRANK E. KARELSEN. -work progressed slowly for several reasons-
probably because of lack of interest and cer-
Upstream Flood Control in Oklahoma
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. A. S. MIKE MONRONEY
OF OKLAHOMA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, at
the 34th annual State convention of the
Oklahoma Garden Clubs, Inc., Miss Sally
Cooksey of 1425 East Fifth Street, Ada,
Okla., a senior at Ada High School, was
judged the winner over a large field in
competition on a speech entitled "Up-
"
stream Flood Control in Oklahoma.
The address speaks for the thorough-
ness with which Miss Cooksey researched
this subject. Also, it indicates the great
foresight she has into the future of the
State of Oklahoma.
Miss Cooksey is the daughter of Mr.
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that there be printed
in the Appendix of the RECORD an im-
portant article by Frank E. Karelson en-
titled "U.S. Agencies Praised."
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
U.S. AGENCIES PRAISED-VALUE STRESSED OF
HELP. GIVEN LATIN AMERICAN MASSES
To the EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK TIMES:
During a recent visit to Peru, Chile, Ar-
gentina, Uruguay, and Brazil, I had the op-
portunity to observe the efforts and accom-
plishments of the Alliance for Progress, the
Agency for International Development Pro-
gram, the Peace Corps, and the food-for-
peace program.
On my visit I talked with many dedicated
persons in each and all of these agencies.
I conversed with people in numerous fields
of endeavor, including educators, psycholo-
gists, housing experts, and so forth. I vis-
ited with workers and underprivileged citi-
zens, With bankers, businessmen, both Amer-
ican and native.
My conclusions, based on this research and
my own observations, were that on the whole
re
ht
..a
job in which every American can take pride. was a reality and it was a nig
. = swollen by excessive rains, to dislodge a
True, some people are doing better work than our parents. I have heard and read just as and carry forward in strong tor-
tor-
others, and there is still a vast amount to you have about the terrible droughts en- bridge y
be accomplished. To make even slight head- dured by people living in Oklahoma not too rents, leaving the road impassable.
way is a stupendous task, many years ago. We are told that at the In the face of all this I'm afraid we have
For centuries a small percentage of the end of a long, dry summer fields literally to acknowledge that uncontrolled water run-
people of South America have had all the became parched and dead and worthless, ning. rampart over our State is a problem
cream and have no desire to help the masses that the ponds at which cattle drank became and should not be ignored. Our own water-
who, because.of centuries of virtual servi- hard; crusty holes in the ground and farm- shed has its own combination of problems.
tude, have become discouraged and disheart- ers were forced to haul water to keep the So do all sae other watershed hef th e Na-
ened. A beginning must be made so as to animals alive. tion, prevent these masses from turning to total- Now what makes the difference between in each.
and Mrs. T. J. Cooksey. She intends. results of uncontrolled streams. By letting
to continue her speech training in col- small streams run at will wherever the slope
lege, and anyone who will read her led, we were allowing this unruly water to do
speech on "Upstream Flood Control in great damage to, valuable land. Now, With
Oklahoma" can understand why I believe this year's study of upstream control I can
she will be successful in this venture. see that this runoff water damage could be
I ask unanimous consent to place her prevented.
speech in the RECORD in order that it may Of course, when we say the word "flood"
have wide circulation and be preserved the picture that comes to my mind is of low
for those who will do research on this lands, or bottom lands which we have seen
subject in the years to come. literally flooded and standing in water. We
There being no objection, the address recognize that many times crops are lost
by too much water just as by too little.
Was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Actually, I guess, the kind of floods which
as follows:
UPSTREAM FLOOD CONTROL IN OKLAHOMA
(By Sally Cooksey)
Let's suppose the time is-say-1980.
The place: Oklahoma.
The locality: Your county. dictable and unavoidable. But men have
A drive through the country shows you learned that this is not entirely true. Men
fields abundant with fully ripened grain, the have learned something of control and pre-
land dotted with small lakes and ponds, yention.
curving terraces green with sod.
Does this sound like a description of a There is another phase of our problem en-
paradise or a fantasy of a dream world? I countered by people who travel by car over
Amer-
wonder if we could make this dream a real- our highways. Oklahomans, like all Amer-
icans, increasingly spend more time and
ity. y travel more miles in automobiles. It is not
tainly because of lack of funds. It seems
that it takes a great deal of time and money
to just survey and see what needs to be
done. The current watershed program car-
ried on is a big step in the right direction.
I was interested to learn how and where
these projects begin. An authority in the
field explained to me that a watershed pro-
gram must originate with a local group.
They in turn prepare an application for a
conservation district which they submit to
the state agency. They then send experts
to make a detailed study of that district.
If the work is approved by State and Fed-
eral Governments, then the Federal Gov-
ernment will shale with the State in financ-
ing the project. So, you see, each flood
control project is a local undertaking with
Federal help, not a Federal project with lo-
cal help.
I believe educators tell us that the first
step toward solving a problem is to recognize
that we have a problem and to face it
squarely. So, for a few moments, let's ana-
lyze our situation in Oklahoma. I know one
group that saw the problem for the first time
2 years ago-that was the high school stu-
dents who prepared for this same contest
sponsored by the garden clubs. That year
we studied gullies and the matter of soil
harm people are even more serious than
those which destroy land. So a big part of
our problem, then, is our neglect of larger
rivers which rise and swell, and spread to
engulf and endanger human life. Years ago
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 A2328 Approved ForQ@PdfiR9MQbbi331CZP63 00200250012-2 A
Now-is there a solution to our trouble? Perhaps we should mention a matter that
Luckily, there is. I believe the old say- seems of less Importance and that is that
ing is-"Heaven helps those who help them- some of the larger dams are holding beau-
selves." And so It does. tiful lakes which afford recreational fa-
We will have to have farmers, ranchers, cnities for Oklahoma residents.
small people, important people, conservation Now let us suppose that It Is April 1983
offices, State and Federal agencies all work- and the place again is Oklahoma. We can
in; together to correct some mistakes that be mighty glad that at this point we see
have been made and to take immediate ac- great sums of money being spent to pre-
tlon for Improvement. All the people must servo our land. And we should hope that
be fully informed about what is being done in our future we can see the dream of the
and why. And what each group's respon- good earth come true.
slbilities are. This calls for a continuing
program of information and education. One
thing that has been used for several years
and is proving very successful is the land
treatment called "terracing-" The county
and State conservation service has taught
land users the great value of retaining land
by this method. Now the newest plan is
what is called small detention dams. The
Idea here Is that by having many small
dams upstream the moisture Is kept on
areas that need it, rather than rushing
downstream where It Is not needed. One
reason this Is a good plan is that the smaller
dams are so much less expensive than one
very large dam making one large lake. The
small upstream dams are usually earthen
dams.
I want to take just a minute here to talk
specifically about the construction of these
dams and the control system used. Per-
haps the reason I am especially Interested in
this Is because of an "on-the-spot" In-
spection I made of several damsites. A few
weeks ago two men from our local conser-
vation office took me on a lengthy tour to
see some structures In various stages of
building. Our first stop was to see just the
proposed location of a small dam. It had
been surveyed and approved, but no work
had been started. Our next stop was to one
nearing completion, and the final and most
impressive view was of a large dam which
had been finished and in use for 2 years
and which backed up quite a few acres of
beautiful water. My escort explained that
the base of this dam, and others, Is clay.
Above that Is a dirt fill and on the very top
is 6 Inches of topsoil. This last layer had THE BIG CHANGE IN CmcsoO
b
d
een sod
ed with Bermuda grass to prevent
erosion. The next thing my guide pointed
out was probably the most important fea-
ture of the flood control and that was the
concrete spillway. This, he said, can be In
any of various positions at the base of the
dam, but is always In a very deep spot. This
drawdown, as it is sometimes called, had a
36-Inch pipe for the water to flow through
constantly. An I watched that water flowing
through the pipe I found it a little difficult
to imagine that it would continue on to
New Orleans and maybe even to the sea.
Another protective measure on pasture-
land Is the building of ponds to hold water
that might be a serious hazard It left free.
Here in this connection we become very
aware of how closely water conservation ties
into this flood control discussion. While
I think the immediate concern In this up-
stream control program is not the accumu-
lation and saving of water for future use,
some day this may prove to be a great asset.
We are being told by national planners the
The Big Change in Chicago
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Or
HON. ROLAND V. LIBONATI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 22, 1963
Mr. LIBONATI. Mr. Speaker, in a re-
cent article published in the Chicago
Sunday Tribune of April 14, 1963, our
good friend and fellow Chicagoan, Mr.
Thomas H. Coulter, civic leader and
chief executive officer of the Chicago As-
sociation of Commerce and Industry,
pointed out the amazing improvements
and advances made by the city of Chi-
cago in the last few years.
It can be truly said that, under the
dynamic leadership of the mayor of Chi-
cago, the Honorable Richard J. Daley, as
well as the leaders of industry, business,
and labor, these changes have been
brought about. Thomas Coulter's ob-
servations are realistically portrayed in
this interesting article dealing with the
present and future growth of a great
city, the queen of the midwest plains.
(By Thomas H. Coulter, chief executive offi-
cer, Chicago Association of Commerce and
Industry)
As I stand on the Michigan Avenue Bridge
today, or drive along the lake shore, I have
to marvel at what this city has accomplished
in the last few years. Change? That's our
middle name. Five years ago there was no
Marina City, no Sandburg Village, no Mc-
Cormack Place. Many of the glittering new
glass houses on the gold coast were just
gleams In the architect's eye.
Now we have changed, and how. The
wreckers' ball has leveled acres of alums.
Everywhere, the old brownstone and brick
eyesores are tumbling from view and bold
new buildings are rising from the rubble.
People are beginning to talk about the ex-
citing changes in Chicago everywhere in the
world.
Show a photograph of Marina City to a
London shop owner (or to a West German
or a Japanese for that matter) and It's a
good bet he'll Identify It as Chicago's round
,
using is rising tremendously and that there twin tower skyscraper. What's more, he'll
is danger that we may some day experience probably want to discuss it at some length.
a real shortage of water In America. We had Mention Chicago-O'Hare International Air-
an example of this very close to home a few port nearly anywhere In the United States
years ago when Oklahoma City found Itself and someone will tell you they've beard it'a
with an Inadequate water supply for its the busiest airfield In the world. It Is. No
growing population. So it will be well If other airport comes close to O'Hare's annual
anything we do now In the way of con- total of 600.000 plane movementa and 13 mil-
trolling water may later prove more val- lion passengers.
uable than we know. I believe the reason for Chicago's newly
it 22
emerging reputation as a business and idga-
exchange center can be traced to its recent
phenomenal growth, which comes on top of
a decade of great prosperity.
Since the completion of the Inland Steel
Building to 1958, which ended a 20-year
hiatus in skyscraper construction in the
city's Loop. Chicaga has been hammering
away in the biggest building boom in recent
history. Last year alone. 830 commercial
buildings were under construction. They
represented Investments of $200 million.
As the old market tipsters used to say, it
takes money to make money, and Chicago is
roiling. Industrial investments here last
year rose to $428 million, making it the
biggest year since 1956. The amount this
year will be boosted by a splurge of new steel
plant construction, Including a $250 million
complex to be built by Bethlehem Steel Co.
Chicago is rolling in other ways too. A
whole network of new expressways and toll-
ways have changed a jumble thto a joy ride
for the area's 2 million automobiles. The
Chicago Skyway, Tri-$tate Tollway, and
Edens. Congress. Northwest, and Dan Ryan
Expressways put the Loop within 25 minute's
drive of anywhere In town. To anyone who
has been away for 5 years or so, these high-
ways make Chicago look like a new city.
It is a new city. New and proud and con-
fident. It's a growing city, too. The popula-
tion of the six-county metropolitan area as
of December 2, 1962, was 7,084,900, an In-
crease of 27 percent over 1950.
Seven million busy people in search of
their private goals. They're going places and
doing things. It's a new city all right, but
It's still jazz happy Chicago and It still jumps.
It has its own brand of satire in Second City,
its own kind of key club In Playboy, and
now it's exporting both. In a more serious
vein, Chicago has its hand in all the arts.
Its orchestra, its art Institute, and its mu-
seums need no Introduction anywhere.
This Is a bigger market than 12 of the 50
States combined. And, looking at the fu-
ture, one must remember that this market
has a high percentage of war babies. They
are beginning to reach marrying age, and
this has great significance for residential
construction and related industries.
There will continue to be more and more
retired people in our population. And those-
employed will have more and more leisure
time. This will Increase the demand for rec-
reation and leisure time products. Chicago
manufacturers make these items, lots of
them. But indications are that the city's In-
dustry will have to increase its production 30
percent by 1975 just to meet the local de-
mand.
The industry of the new Chicago has built
itself on the old, but it has grown more di-
verse. It has gained In chemicals and petro-
leum products, in pharmaceuticals, and in
printing and publishing. Chicago has long
had the glamor Industries, electronics, in-
dustrial research, and nuclear power, and new
job categories are opening in these fields every
day.
Growth has been a self-perpetuating im-
petus to Chicago's fast-rising reputation as a
place In which to live, work, and do business.
In 1959, the new Chicago was brought to the
attention of the world in dramatic fashion
with the opening of the St. Lawrence Sea-
way, linking the city to other major ports of
the world. But that was 4 years ago, and
things are changing even faster today.
In fact, Chicago's big era of development is
Just getting started. The city can say, with
the brawny construction worker getting
ready to toss a rivet a floor or two higher,
"You ain't seen anything yet."
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 Approved For RVr)R&K?/i Wf55B03
6362 0200250012-2 April 22
policy is entitled to feel well rewarded
for standing up against the divisive forces
of this country which did so much in the
last 12 months to try to confuse and
obstruct the policy of attaining peace
and nationalism in the new nations of
Africa.
I am happy to say that whatever ef-
forts there have been from certain ra-
cist groups in this country to keep the
people of Africa from obtaining control
of their own countries, and getting their
independence and freedom,'appear to
have been defeated.
No one can say how long this success
can continue, and I would be the last to
predict that our policy in Africa will not
suffer setbacks in the future, as they
have in the past; but I am confident we
are on the right track. When we stand
up for freedom and independence with-
out regard to race, color, or creed, we are
standing for the finest traditions of our
country, and we have achieved great suc-
cess in following that policy in what was
U.S. POLICY TOWAR
Mr. CLARK. Mr. Presid t, I have
noted during the weekend an-'the last
few days a new spate of criticism with re-
spect to the administration's Cuban
policy. Articles have appeared with the
suggestions that the authors have had
access to confidential intelligence infor-
mation indicating there has been a large
buildup of Russian forces in Cuba.
It is suggested that the number of
troops there has increased substantially,
rather than been reduced. It is even
suggested that the President of the
United States has been fooled in the in-
telligence information which he is re-
ceiving. It is suggested that a certain
U.S. Senator on the other side of the
aisle knows more about the intelligence
situation in Cuba than does the Presi-
dent of the United States, the Chief of
our. CIA, the intelligence agencies of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, and others,
This may well turn out to be correct
in the long run, Mr. President. I have
no secret information with respect. to
intelligence in Cuba. I do have a feeling
that the President of the United States
and Mr. McCone, head of the CIA, who,
I am sure, is advising the President on
the basis of the most accurate and up-
to=date intelligence information which is
available to our country, are receiving a
great deal better information than one
could get from reading Hanson Baldwin
in the New York Times and listening to
certain Members of this body who would
have us believe that they know more
about what is going on in Cuba than do
the President and his advisers.
It so happens that there appeared in
this morning's Philadelphia Inquirer a
lead editorial entitled "Charting a
Course on Cuba,"
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial may appear in the RECORD at this
point in my remarks.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CHARTING A COURSE ON CUBA
America's agonizing debate over the prob-
lem of Cuba, and what to do about it, is in
danger of getting bogged down in generali-
ties at a time when the emphasis should
be on specific courses of action.
Discussion of hypothetical conditions un-
der which U.S. Armed Forces might invade
Cuba does not get to the nub of the matter.
As we see it, U.S. policy on Cuba should
have these four fundamental components:
1. The foremost objective should be the
establishment of national independence, in-
dividual freedom and democratic government
for the Cuban people.
2. The primary emphasis should be on at-
taining this objective by peaceful means
rather than by war. (War is not a legitimate
arm of displomacy; it is the result of the
failure of diplomacy.)
3. The first priority of immediate goals
should be to obtain the removal of Soviet
troops from Cuba and whatever weapons of
aggression may still be there.
4. The sole authority over U.S. foreign
policy must be held at all times by respon-
sible officials of the U.S. Government, not by
Cuban exiles who have been given sanctuary
in this country. Aid and advice of the exiles
should be enlisted when appropriate but a
great nation cannot allow any foreign group,
no matter how sympathetic we are to their
aspirations, to call the shots in a situation
where the issue of peace or war may hang
in precarious balance.
To supplement this kind of policy on Cuba
it will be necessary to learn definitively and
at an early' date whether or not Premier
Khrushchev intends to get those Russian
troops out of Cuba. This query must be put
to Moscow in a reasonable but blunt man-
ner. If Mr. Khrushchev chooses to consider
such a question an ultimatum, then so be It.
An affirmative response is not so unlikely
as some of the pessimists think. The Soviets,
for all their ruthlessnes, are practical men.
They know that America, not Russia, holds
the-high cards in the Cuban controversy.
If the Russians insist on continuing their
moves to make Cuba a Soviet military state
there are a number of steps open to the
United States and other members of the Or-
ganization of American States, and perhaps
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, that
need not provoke war. Collective economic
sanctions-including, possibly, some kind of
quarantine or blockade-could be applied as
circumstances warrant.
Sang-bang boys who want to solve the
problem by opening fire on Cuba ought to
bear in mind that the aim is to save the
country, not annihilate it. Last resorts
should not be applied until first resorts have
been fairly tried:
The weakness in American policy on Cuba
Is not, as some critics contend, a reluctance
to use armed force. That is a strength.
The great need is for more vigorous applica-
tion of economic and diplomatic weapons.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, that edi-
torial, from my point of view, states ac-
curately and ably what Our policy in
Cuba should be. The policy advocated
by this fine Philadelphia newspaper is
the exact policy of the President of the
United States.
It calls for, first, as the foremost ob-
jective, the establishment of national
independence, individual freedom, and
democratic government for the people
of Cuba.
That is our national objective, the
first and primary one. That is the
policy of the President of the United
States.
The second point is stated as being the
attaining of that objective by peaceful
means rather than by war. The, In-
quirer points out that war is not a legit-
imate arm of diplomacy; it is the result
of the failure of diplomacy .
I am glad to say that despite the
many war-whoopers, as Mr. Lippmann
calls them, some of them among our own
Members of this body, the President of
the United States is committed to the
objective of attaining that goal through
diplomacy, legitimate sanctions short
of war, conferences with our allies in the
Organization of American States, and,
through diplomatic efforts on the part
of Latin American countries as well as
our own, toward attaining the first and
foremost objective, which is the estab-
lishment of national independence, in-
dividual freedom, and democratic gov-
ernment for the people of Cuba.
The third point made by the editorial
is that the first priority of immediate
goals should be to obtain the removal of
Soviet troops from Cuba and whatever
weapons of aggression may still be there.
.That surely is true. That is certainly
one of the most important objectives of
this administration. The point is we
mean to do it by diplomatic means, we
mean to do it by keeping our treaty ob-
ligations, not by violating them, we
mean to do it by supporting the United
Nations, we mean to do it by supporting
the Organization of American States.
We do not mean to do it in an immature,
childish way, by taking an attitude of
"March up San Juan' Hill"; by sending
American boys to die in Cuba; by start-
ing a war which, almost without ques-
tion, would spread across the world; or
imposing that kind of blockade which
would, in itself, be a violation of inter-
national law, and therefore an act of
war.
The fourth point made in the editorial
is that the sole authority over U.S.
foreign policy must be held at all
times by responsible officials of the U.S.
Government, and not by Cuban exiles.
We want to support the Cuban exiles
in their legitimate desires to return to
Cuba. We hope in due course they will
be able to return and, take their legiti-
mate place in the economy and in the
Government of that country, which we
can hope will be under democratic aus-
pices. We hope that they may be able
to return to their native country and
help their country take its rightful place
among the democratic nations and peo-
ple who believe in freedom.
But the way to do it is to make per-
fectly clear that we, too, believe in free-
dom, that we, too, believe in Interna-
tional law, that we, too, believe in
keeping our treaty commitments. Here
is the sentence from the editorial which
I commend to the consideration of my
colleagues in the Senate:
Bang-bang boys.who want to "solve" the
problem by opening fire on Cuba ought to
bear in mind that the aim is to save the
country, not annihilate it.
I support that position wholeheartedly.
I am happy to note that it is the- policy
of the President of the United States. I
call attention to the fact that the Phila-
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 1963 Approved CFor ONGRESSIONA4/06/23 : L RECORD - SE5BA0~0383R000200250012-2
[J +'~ 6361
those who felt we should not have sup-
ported the United Nations; criticism by
those who supported Mr. Tshombe and
his white mercenaries in Katanga-
peace and parliamentary government
are making substantial progress there.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that an article which appeared In
this morning's New York Times, entitled
"Congo's Regime Wins First Test," under
the byline of J. Anthony Lukas, written
in Leopoldville, may be printed in the
RECORD at this point in my remarks.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed In the RECORD,
as follows:
CoNGo's REGIME WINS FIRST TEST-ADOIrLA's
NEW GOVERNMENT BEATS No-CoNTtDENCE
MOVE
(By J. Anthony Lukas)
LEOPOLDVILLE, THE CONGO, Am= 21.-Pre-
mier Cyrille Adoula's new "Government of
National Reconciliation" has defeated the
first challenge by the die-hard opposition in
Parliament.
After a noisy 7-hour debate that ended
late last night, government supporters in
the senate defeated a nonconfidence mo-
tion against the cabinet. The vote was 31
to 20 with 4 abstentions.
The margin indicates that Mr. Adouis's
new coalition, formed only 6 days ago,
has at least a temporary majority in Parlia-
ment.
The new government contains a wide
sampling from the opposition, which has
been harrying the Premier for months.
Only'the extremists remain in opposition.
SIGNIFICANT VICTORY
Observers believed last night's victory was
particularly significant because the no-con-
fidence motion was based on an issue that
had aroused concern cutting across party
lines. This was that Mr. Adoula planned to
send the legislators home for an extended
vacation June 30 and rule by decree.
Opposition speakers charged during the
debate that the Premier recently told as-
sociates he would take this step, relying on
powers in the controversial article 67 of the
country's fundamental law.
This article provides that the present leg-
islature must sit at least 3 years, but not
more than 4 years. The 3 years would be
up June 30.
Opposition speakers charged last night
that Mr. Adoula would close the legislature
on that day and rule by decree until new
elections could be held. That would prob-
ably be several years away.
As evidence of Mr. Adoula's Intentions,
the motion cited statements he was alleged
to have made to his associates, his past han-
dling of the Parliament and a message sent
from New York to the Adoula government
here.
Etienne Kikaka, chief spokesman for the
opposition, declared that this message con-
tained Instructions for Mr. Adoula from
quarters in the United States on how to deal
with Parliament.
"This is an authentic document," he
shouted, waving a piece of paper.
It was later Identified as a French transla-
tion of an article that had appeared In the
New York Times. The message apparently
was sent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
here by the Congolese Mission at the United
Nations.
The article, written by the Times' corre-
spondent in Leopoldville, was an analysis of
the political situation here on the eve of last
week's cabinet reshuffle. It appeared In the
Times of April 7.
The motion of no confidence quoted only
part of one paragraph from the French trans-
lation in support of the charge against Mr.
Adoula. The quotation, in the original Eng-
lish. is as follows:
"A cabinet reshuffle may ease the situation,
but skeptics have their doubts. There are
increasing suggestions that the way to ban-
die Parliament is to send it on a nice long va-
cation again, maybe 2 years instead of 2
months this time. There Is even talk of a
military coup d'etat."
In the original article that paragraph end-
ed with the words "if the opposition should
get out of hand again."
In his response last night Mr. Adoula did
not deny he was considering using article 67
as a means of ending this legislature's term
on June 30.
He denied. however, that this would
amount to a dissolution of Parliament, as the
opposition alleged. The Premier said Par-
liament could be dissolved only by the head
of state. President Joseph Kasavubu, with
the concurrence of two-thirds of at least one
chamber.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, the ar-
ticle points out that Premier Cyrille
Adoula's new "Government of National
Reconciliation" has defeated the first
challenge by its diehard opposition in
the Parliament. It should be pointed
out that, In an effort to pacify the various
political factions In the country, Premier
Adoula had brought Into his government
all save the most Irreconcilable factions
in the Congo. The question was raised
as to a vote of confidence for his govern-
ment, and the Premier won by a vote of
31 to 20.
This new government contains a wide
sampling from the various factions of the
-opposition which had been harrying the
Premier for months. I believe it Is an
Indication of the sound statesmanship of
Mr. Adoula, who Is strongly supported by
the United Nations and the United
,States, that he has been able to win this
parliamentary fight.
It is interesting to note that those who
are attempting to create more havoc In
the Congo, including, of course, the So-
viet Union, which has found some rather
strange allies In this country in that
regard, have been misquoting newspaper
articles which have appeared In this
country-indeed, in the New York Times.
The New York Times account referred
to in the article which I have placed in
the RECORD was quoted out of context,
and if read as a whole is clearly a sound
report of political conditions in the
Congo, and not critical of Mr. Adoula's
government,
I am happy to note again for the
RECORD that the U.S. policy in the Congo
has been extremely successful.
In this connection, I ask unanimous
consent that an interesting column by
Mr. Roscoe Drummond, which appeared
In the Philadelphia Inquirer this morn-
ing, may also be printed In the RECORD
at this point In my remarks.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
COLUMN DY ROSCOE DRUMMOND
WAe$Ixorow: Wbenever the Soviet Union
loses the diplomatic initiative, it turns to
propaganda to cover up. Moscow is up
against it In Africa. Things are going badly,
with their reach for power blocked or blunted
by the African nations themselves.
So Pravda Is called to the front lines. It
alms a barrage at thoseawful "Western im-
perialists," whom it accuses of being intent
upon fastening colonial rule on the whole
African continent.
This bizarre blast comes in the wake of
one of the most remarkable achievements
in behalf of political freedom in all human
history: In only 8 years-from 1960 to 1963-
the once colonialist Western nations have
furthered the independence of 23 African
countries and welcomed them into the Unit-
ed Nations.
At the same time the Soviet Union grips
tenaciously the nations of Eastern Europe
which it took by force after the Second World
War and which It had to hold by force when
the people of East Germany, Hungary and
Poland successively sought to free themselves
from Soviet rule.
It reached out to expand its Imperialist
power to Cuba and has made such menacing
gestures toward the Middle East an*Africa
that local communism has lost much of Its
lure.
The fact that the Kremlin has been so
unsuccessful in extending its away into the
Middle East and into Africa undoubtedly
explains, In part, the full-page editorial in
Pravda appealing to the Africans to be wary
of any and all association with the West.
This Is what's been happening:
Ghana and Guinea have shown themselves
exceedingly disappointed in their relations
wth the Soviets and are encouraging invest-
ment of Western Capital to reinforce their
economies.
The new African states are showing little
interest In embracing the proclaimed Com-
munist answer to their economic ills. The
broad tendency is toward a mixed economy.
with some public ownership and a substan-
tial borrowing from the ways of Western
society.
Former French colonies which have now
won their Independence have their eyes far
more on the burgeoning European Economic
Community than on Russia.
Arab Nations in North Africa have been
giving the Reds the back of their wrist.
Arab-Soviet ties have been steadily deterior-
ating, as evidenced by the suppression of
Communist parties in Iraq, Syria, Algeria,
Morocco, Tunisia and the United Arab Re-
public.
The Kremlin is not, of course, giving up.
It never does. It is staking much of its
hopes for expanding Its influence on the
indoctrination of several thousands of Afri-
can students who have been attending Soviet
universities and colleges.
But the indoctrination isn't going very
well. There are signs that the African stu-
dents are becoming disenchanted. A group
of them recently bolted Bulgaria, complain-
ing of racial discrimination and police bru-
tality.
Mr. CLARK. This article points out,
in Mr. Drummond's usual, clear style,
how very successful U.S. policy has
been, under the Kennedy administra-
tion, throughout Africa; how 23 new
African countries have obtained their in-
dependence between 1960 and 1963; have
been welcomed peacefully into the United
Nations; how much of this is due to the
efforts of both the Kennedy administra-
tion, and the Eisenhower administration,
This article points out that this libs
been a great diplomatic triumph over the
Kremlin and Russia, because of the sup-
port we have given the African policy of
the United Nations.
I think everyone in our country who
supported either President Eisenhower
or President Kennedy in their African
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 Approved For. Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
delphia Inquirer, its publisher and editor,
my good friend, Walter Annenberg, has
always sup,)orted the Republican Party
in national elections. That makes this
editorial even more significant than be-
fore.
In this connection we should give care-
ful attention to the very intelligent an-
swer made by the President of the United
States in the question and answer period
which took place after his address to
the American Society of Newspaper Edi-
tors in Washington last Saturday.
I ask unanimous consent that the
question asked at the conclusion of his
speech and the. answer that he made
thereto may be printed in full in the
RECORD atthis point in my remarks.
There being no objection, the excerpt
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
RIFT WITH CUBAN EXILES
Q. Mr. President, would you give us your
views or whatever you have to say about
Mir6 Cardona and his charges that you
backed out on a promise for a second in-
vasion and the other things in his state-
ment? - -
A. Why, I think the Department of State
has already made a comment which repre-
sents - the views of the Government. Dr.
Cardona lives in Miami which is the center,
df course, of the exiles, the center of their
hopes, and I think that egood many Cubans
feel that the only way that they can return
to Cuba is by a military action of the United
States.
We're conscious of our obligations to our
own people, our own security, our alliances,
our responsibilities, as I ,said, as the chief
defender of freedom all over the world. We
have not determined that it's in our na-
tional interest or in the general interests of
the hemisphere for us to launch an in-
vasion. And naturally, that disappoints the
exiles. But, as the State Department state-
ment said, the foreign policy of, the United
States, when so much depends upon us, must
be made by the United States. - And how-
ever much we may sympathize with their
desire to be free, the United States cannot
launch itself into a massive invasion of Cuba
without considering the worldwide implica-
tions to other free countries and also its
effect upon our own position.
Now, as to his charges, I don't think it's
necessary to go through them. Quite obvi-
ously nobody- in the U.S. Government ever
informed anyone in the Government or out-
side the Government,- Dr. Cardona or any-
one else, that we were going to launch, or
committed ourselves to launch, a military
invasion of six divisions. -
We appreciate very much the fact that a
good many Cubans have volunteered for the
American Armed Forces. I think that they
can be very valuable there. No one knows
what the- future is going- to bring. But I
hope that Dr. Cardona and others will realize
that this is not a struggle between - the
United States and the exiles. It's really a
struggle against the Communist infiltration
in this hemisphere. And while we may dis-
agree as to what actions we should take to
remove - it, and while- my obligations are
somewhat different from Dr. Cardona's, I
would hope that it would be possible for us
to work together in the general interest,
and that is the object of this Government.
We Want to work with Dr. Cardona and
all the other Cubans, but we must main-
tain the control of our policy here it the
United States and here in Washington, and
will continue to do so.
RELATIONS WITH CASTRO
Q. I'd like to read two others here also on
the question of Cuba. If Castro remains
in power for another 5 years, will the
United States continue in its refusal to deal
with his government? And the second one
is, 2 years ago tomorrow, Mr. President, you
stood here and told us Fidel Castro's days
were numbered. You said, "Our restraint is
not inexhaustible." You said we must not
let, "the. inter-American doctrine of non-
interference conceal or excuse a policy of
nonaction." Now, sir; Communist domina-
tion of Cuba is, if anything, more complete
than 2 years ago and is stiffened by, Russia.
Many Americans believe our policy toward
Cuba is indeed one of nonaction. What can
_you say to persuade them that this is not so?
When, if ever, is our restraint going to
come to an end?
A. Well, I hope our restraint or sense of
responsibility will not ever come to an end.
Now in the general question, since the last
-2 years the United States has taken a good
many actions in-to contain the spread of
.-communism in the hemisphere. We-a
good many nations in the Alliance for
Progress, the Punta del Este declaration, the
San Jose declaration-a number of nations
have broken off diplomatic relations. Only
.five continue them with Cuba. -
The free world trade-has dropped from
800 million to 80 million. The-efforts are
being made since the San Jose conference to
work with other countries to control the
movement of personnel' in and out of Cuba.
It's quite obvious now to the hemisphere
and, in fact, to the world, that Castro is
merely a Soviet satellite. Every survey,
every study, every meeting shows a sharp
deterioration in the image that he once had
as a great nationalist leader. And now he's
generally regarded in the hemisphere as
having sold out to the -Communist move-
ment and having now become a spearhead
for the Soviet advance.
CONSTANT SURVEILLANCE
In addition, the United States maintains
a constant surveillance. We've indicated
that we would not permit any troops from
Cuba to move off the island of Cuba in any
offensive action against any neighboring
country. We've indicated, also, that we
would not accept a Hungary in Cuba-the
use of Soviet troops against Cubans if there
was any internal reaction against Castro.
In many ways, we have attempted to isolate
Cuba and to indicate our determination to
continue that policy until Cuba is free.
Now after we've done all those steps, the-
there are two alternatives-there are two
additional policies which could be carried
out. -
I think that when those talk about-talk
about Cuba, we ought to say what'we want
to do. We shouldn't say, Well, let's do some-
thing, or How long is our restraint going to
last? I would think the two remaining poli-
cies are, one, a blockade, which of course
brings us once again to a confrontation with
the Soviet Union, and the other is invasion
of Cuba.
In my judgment, it would be a mistake to
carry out either one of those policies today.
I don't know what conditions are going to
bring in the future. No one predicted with
certainty what was going to happen last fall.
I don't know what's going to happen any
place in the.world. But-therefore, I think
that we should maintain our strength and
our determination, -but I don't think that
the conditions would serve the interest of
the United States or of our allies to carry
out either an invasion or blockade under
these present conditions.
The United States is responsible for the
independence of dozens of countries stretch-
ing from South Korea to Berlin. It is re-
sponsible for the defense, really, of Western
Europe. It is responsible for the major
struggle against the Communists in our own
hemisphere. For 8 percent of the world's
population we carry tremendous burdens.
I do not think we can indulge ourselves at
this point, if that is the proper word, in con-
centrating all of our material strength in one
section of the world and be indifferent to its
consequences elsewhere.
Now I don't know-I don't accept the views
Mr. Castro is going to be in power for 5
years. I can't indicate the role by which
there will be a change. But I've seen enough
-as we all have-enough change In the-last
15 years to make me feel that time is on the
-that time will see Cuba free again, and I
think when that happens the record will
show that the United States has played a sig-
nificant role. '
But for the present, and for agreat power
which carries worldwide responsibility, I
think our present policy is the right one. If
the American people decide differently, then,
of course, they have an obvious remedy. But
for now we intend to follow this policy.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, the an-
swer, in short, given in colloquial terms,
but with the clarity for which our
President is famous, indicates his strong
support of the present policy in Cuba. -
I call particular attention to the fact
that he says in his statement, after re-
viewing the -strong steps we have taken
to discourage Mr. Castro:
After we've clone all those steps *
there are two additional policies which could
be carried out.
Then he points out that one is a
blockade, which, of course, once again
brings us into confrontation all over the
world with the Soviet Union, and the
other is an invasion of Cuba.
The President turns his back on both
of these courses. He takes what I be-
lieve, I say again, to be a mature and
sensible and common sense approach to
the very difficult problem confronting us
90 miles from our shore. I commend
him for his maturity. I coihmend him
for the soundness of his policy. -
TEXAN STRESSES NEED FOR S. 1200
WHICH WOULD GIVE VALIDITY TO
THE WORDS "FHA INSURED"
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, on
March 28 I introduced a bill designed to
give validity to the term "FHA insured"
as a protection for home buyers. Twelve
Members of the Senate have joined as
cosponsors.
The national response to this legis-
lation is heartening, and I will from
time to time bring to the attention of my
colleagues comments which are particu-
larly pertinent.
Therefore, I ask unanimous consent
that the text of a letter I have received
from Texarkana, Tex., be printed in the
RECORD at the close of my remarks.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows: - - -
TExAEKANA, TER., April. 1, 1963.
Senator ERNEST GRUENING,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
BEAR SIR: It is my understanding that you
plan to submit a bill that will require the
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Aril 22, 191;11
Federal Housing Administration to correct
major defects that appear after construction
of an FHA house.
We need such legislation badly in this
country, as the public is being cheated right
and left on FHA housing.
FHA has had the responsibility, by im-
plication if not by law, to protect the public
in the past but has not lived up to this
responsibility.
How many times have you seen the adver-
tisement "Built Under FHA Inspection," or
"Conforming to FHA Specifications"?
The average citizen, who is not expert in
construction, believes that FHA sees that
their insured loans houses are properly built
and this certainly is not the case.
I know of several persons who contacted
FHA about defective construction and were
told that this was a matter between builder
and buyer, In spite of the fact that they
had made several inspections while the house
was being built.
Another example of FHA's laxity is in the
evaluation of houses. Old John Q. Citizen
doesn't know the value of a house and is
generally content to pay what FHA says a
place is worth. I will bet you that more
often than not, the FHA evaluation is higher
than the actual market value of the house.
I am sure that all FHA people are honest,
but if they are not, this would be a real fine.
opportunity for an unscrupulous builder and
FHA employee to rook the public. Maybe
they do, who knows?
I surely hope you get some help from
Congress on this.
Very truly yours,
AUTHORITY FOR THE VICE PRESI-
DENT TO SIGN THE ENROLLED
BILL H.R. 4715
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that notwithstand-
ing the adjournment of the Senate to-
day the Secretary be authorized to re-
ceive messages from the Hose and that
the Vice President be-authofized to sign
the enrolled bill (H.R. 4715) to incor-
porate the Eleanor Roosevelt Memorial
Foundation, duly passed by the two
Houses and found truly enrolled.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, I move
that the Senate adjourn until tomorrow
at 12 o'clock noon.
The motion was agreed to; and (at 3
o'clock and 46 minutes p. m.) the Senate
adjourned until tomorrow, Tuesday,
April 23, 1963, at 12 o'clock meridian.
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 0
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
6274 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD = HOUSE
April 22
justice and brotherly love. May He enlight- its foreign policy. The one bright mo- a deal, welch on it before the ink is dry, then
en the rulers of peoples so that in addition merit when we might have snatched a turn it to their own advantage.
to their solicitude for the proper welfare of victory was following the President's By agreeing to neutralize Laos, Reds kept
their citizens, they may guarantee and de- what they had, added gains, and cut the
fend the great gift of peace; may He en- brave sounding speech of last fall on
kindle the wills of all, so that the may Cuba, but once the election was over, our ground out from under the United States.
they Y Signs are increasing that the United States,
overcome the barriers that divide, cherish policy returned to one of drift and in- trying to do business with the Communists,
the bonds of mutual charity, understand decision and the advantage we held is being doublecrossed once again.
others, and pardon those who have done momentarially was lost. This time the doublecross is taking place
them wrong; by virtue of His action, may Mr. Speaker, the tragic story of the in Laos. It has come barely 9 months after
all peoples of the earth become as brothers, a formal agreement with the Communists to
and may the most longed-for peace blossom Communist doublecross in Laos 1S just
set up a neutral coalition Government-free
forth and reign always between them. another in the long list of failures of
As a pledge of this peace, and with the the Kennedy administration. Evident- area of of outside th southeeast Aist Ae-in this highly strategic
sia.
ardent wish that it may shine forth on the ly the President lacks total understand- From the first, the Communists have
Christian communities entrusted to your ing of communism, its objectives, and violated that agreement.
care, especially for the benefit of those who its history. In early April, fighting flared again when
are most lowly and in the greatest need of
maze deals with Khrushchev in the in- ?1?a,gxi,ouang III a move to trgnten tneir
you, venerable brothers, to the priests both hold on the crucial Plaines des Jarres in
secular and religious, to the religious men terest of peace. Almost daily we are central Laos. Even before that flare-up oc-
and women and to the faithful of your dio- told of suggested compromises in order curred, however, the Reds-aided by North
ceses, particularly to those who make every to win over the Russians-our protection Vietnamese Communists in violation of last
effort to put these exhortations of ours into of Castro from patriotic Cubans fighting year's agreement-already had sealed off a
practice, our apostolic blessing in propiti- to regain their freedom, our backdown big chunk of the country.
anon of heavenly favors. Finally, upon o
all men of n on-site inspections in the nuclear test STRATEGIC POSITION
cal letter is also good will, to
addressed, who we m this implore e from ban talks, and the forcing of a coalition * The are now in position position to send forces
Almight God health and prosperity. government on the freedom-lovingpeople and equipment along a Communist-held cor-
Given at Rome at St. Peter's on Holy of Laos. rider in Laos to their guerrillas in South
Thursday, the 11th day of April, in the year The President's backdown on Cuba is Vietnam, where the United States is heavily
g
a
ad
___ _ ._.... ...
..,,
oHN xIII from Laos can move freely into Thailand at
. in the Western Hemisphere and threat- f scores
i
o. s
on, and to arm and recruit
LIKE THE RD OR NOT, THE Latin America. Our weak position in agents.
RESULT IS APPEASEMENT regard to on-site inspections in any It is becoming clear that, the longer the
nuclear ban treaty has resulted, even neutral coalition of government of Commu-
(MR. ALGER (at the request of Mr. as late as this weekend, in further blus- nists, anti-Communists, and neutralists ex-
GOODLING) was given permission to ex- tering demands by Khrushchev. Final- ists, the stronger the Communist military
tend his remarks at this point in the ly, our abandoning of a free Laos in forces become.
body of the RECORD and to include ex- favor of a coalition with the Communists The coalition itself came about through a
traneous matter.) has resulted in the usual classic double- Early switch in U.S. his policy.
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, some of cross by the Communists who ignore Kennedy threatened to use force to President
the
the newspapers and the Kennedy apolo- another treaty, establish a firm hold on communist inroads in Laos. On March 16,
gists have been annoyed during the past another country and do it all on the 1961, he said, "We are determined to support
week because the administration has money of the taxpayers of the United the Government and the people of Laos in
been charged with appeasing the Com- States. resisting" the Reds. Then, 8 days later, he
unists. Well, we can only reach a de- told a news conference this:
munists. to what the President is doing Where are we headed as a result of "If there is to be a peaceful solution, there
cision
the results hat the d. Whether doing the zagging and zagging of the Kennedy must be a cessation of the present armed
by tike to use the word appeasement, Whet or the administration? Wherein lies the re- attacks by externally supported Commu-
res like of Kennedy policies in Cuba, Laos, sponsibility for continuing to follow a nists. If these attacks do not stop, those
Course which consistently results in fail- who support a truly neutral Laos will have to
the nuclear test ban negotiations, is ure? These are questions demanding consider their response."
closely akin to appeasement. an answer from the President. NOT SO EASY
It is time for the American people and The strange, unrealistic course of the It soon became evident, however, that the
Congress to face the facts of what is hap- Kennedy administration is ably dis- promise to check the Communists was easier
pening because of our confused, or total cussed in an article from Barron's, issue to make than to fulfill. A cease-fire was an-d lack of a workable foreign policy. Look- of April 15, 1963, called "From Cuba to monist pressure May of that year, but the Com-
continued.
ing at the record of the past 2 years we Laos," it of 1, on
find that the Kennedy administration remarks " and at I this include pointit as a part of these cn sided l scar fighting ay, out u-
has been consistent in its failures. Un-
der Kennedy policies Cuba has been lost The strange, unrealistic course of the nists--aided by thousands of troops from
and is Kennedy administration is set forth in North Vietnam-engulfed whole areas of the
now a solid beachead for commu- three articles I would like to include as country and chased thousands of Laotian
nism in ' the Western Hemisphere. a part of these remarks at this include
point Government troops across the border into
Kennedy policies have resulted in tur- Thailand.
moil and confusion in every country in and to urge their careful study by every The United States, as a countermove, sent
Latin America with Cuban-inspired sub- Member of this body. First, "A Double- American marines into Thailand. Hints
version putting every government to the cross for the United States in Laos" were dropped of a direct attack on Commu-
south of us in dire peril. from the U.S. News & World Report of mist North Vietnam if egression did not stop.
April 22. Second an article, "From Cuba In the negotiations that followed, however,
Following Kennedy policies we are to Laos" from Barron's, issue of April the United States seemed to change direc-
fighting a war, which we refuse to call a 15. Finally, an excerpt from the cur- tions. Financial aid was withheld from the
war, in South Vietnam and American anti-Communist government of Laos to try
bays are dying there. A neutral Laos has rent, April 29 issue of U.S. News & World to pressure it into a coalition with the Com-
been lost through a Kennedy program of Report on the dangers threatening free- munists,
insisting upon the establishment m a dom and our security in the Caribbean Averell Harriman, as chief diplomatic
coaliting government with the Commu- because of the failure of the Kennedy strategist for the United States advocated
The g Kennedy policy the backing administration to stop Communist ag- neutralizing Laos by getting the warring
mists. n
gression in Cuba. factions together in a government that in-
down on demands for proper inspection eluded Communists in the cabinet. An
in any test ban treaty has merely led A DOUBLECROSS. FOR THOSE UNITED STATES IN agreement for such a government was signed
Khrushchev to get tougher and to insist in Geneva on July 23, 1982-and it quickly
on even more unreasonable conditions. Communists have got things going their developed that the Communists had gotten
way in key area ois only ione of the signshting in cexactely what the wanted: a voice in the
In short the Kennedy administration a
entral. governmentt and a firm grip on key
cannot point to any notable success in It's a familiar Communist strategy: Make areas.
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2'
 Approved FFoorNReeeEseSISNA9 3123 I CB DP 383R000200250012-2 6273
over themselves lest they relax and feel
satisfied with objectives already achieved.
In fact, all human beings ought rather to
reckon that what has been accomplished is
but little in comparison with what remains
to be done: because organs of production,
trade unions, assoclatlons, professional or-
ganizations, Insurance systems, legal systems,
political regimes, Institutions for cultural,
health, recreational, or sporting purposes-
these must all be adjusted to the era of the
atom and of the conquest of space: an era
which the human family has already entered,
wherein it has commenced its new advance
toward limitless horizons.
Relations between Catholics and-non-Catho-
lics in social and economic affairs
The doctrinal principles outlined in this
document derive from or are suggested by
requirements Inherent In human natureit-
self, and are, for the most part, dictates of
the natural law. ' They provide Catholics,
therefore, with a vast field in which they
can meet and come to an understanding
both with Christians separated from this
apostolic see, and also with human beings
who are not enlightened by faith in Jesus'
Christ. but who are endowed with the light
of reason and with a natural and operative
honesty. In such relations let the faithful
be careful to be always consistent In their
actions, so that they may never come to any
compromise In matters of religion and
morals. At the same time, however, let them
be, and show themselves to be, animated by
a spirit of understanding and detachment.
and disposed to work loyally In the pursuit
of objectives which are of their nature good,
or conducive to good."
However, one must never confuse error
and the person who errs, not even when
there Is question of error or inadequate
knowledge of truth In the moral or religious
field. The person who errs is always and
above all a human being, and he retains
in every case his dignity as a human person;
and he must be always regarded and treated
in accordance with that lofty dignity. Be-
sides, in every human being, there is a need
that is congenital to his nature apd never
becomes extinguished, compelling 4m to
break through the web of error and or , his
mind to the knowledge of truth. _ Ana 'od
will never fall to act on his interior bei_
with the result that a person, who at
given moment of his he lacks the clarity of
faith or even adheres to erroneous doctrines,
can at a future date be enlightened and be-
lieve the truth. Meetings and agreements,
in the various sectors of daily life, between
believers and those who do not believe or
believe Insufficiently because they adhere to
error, can be occasions for discovering truth
and paying homage to it.
It must be borne In mind, furthermore,
that neither can false philosophical teach-
ings regarding the nature, origin, and destiny
of the universe and of man, be identified
with historical movements that have eco-
nomic, social, cultural or political ends, not
even when these movements have originated
from those teachings and have drawn and
still draw Inspiration therefrom. Because
the teachings, once they are drawn up and
defined, remain always the same, while the
movements, working on historical situations
In constant evolution, cannot but be In-
fluenced by these latter and cannot avoid,
therefore, being subject to changes, even of
a profound nature. Besides, who can deny
that those movements, insofar as they con-
form to the dictates of right reason and are
interpreters of the lawful aspirations of the
human person, contain elements that are
positive and deserving of approval?
as Ibid., p. 456.
No. 57- 5
It can happen, then, that a drawing nearer
together or a meeting for the attainment of
some practical end, which was formerly
deemed inopportune or unproductive, might
now or in the future be considered opportune
and useful. But to decide whether this
moment has arrived, and also to lay down
the ways and degrees In which work In com-
mon might be possible for the achievement
of economic, social, cultural, and political
ends which are honorable and useful: there
are the problems which can only be solved
with the virtue of prudence, which is the
guiding light of the virtues that regulate
the moral life, both Individual and social.
Therefore, as far as Catholics are concerned.
this decision rests primarily with those who
live and work in the specific sectors of human
society in which those problems arise, always,
however. In accordance with the principles of
the natural law, with the social doctrine of
the church, and with She directives of ec-
clesiastical authority. For it must not be
forgotten that the church has the right and
the duty not only to safeguard the principles
of ethics and religion, but also to intervene
authoritatively with her children in the
temporal sphere, when there Is a question of
judging about the application of-those prin-
ciples to concrete cases 2"
Little by Little
There are some souls, particularly endowed
with generosity, who, on finding situations
where the requirements of justice are not
satisfied or not satisfied In full, feel enkindled
with the desire to change the state of things,
as If they wished to have recourse to some-
thing like a revolution.
It must be borne in mind that to proceed
gradually is the law of life in all Its expres-
sions; therefore In human institutions, too,
it is not.possible to renovate for the better
except by working from within them. gradu-
ally. Plus XII proclaimed: "Salvation and
justice are not to be found in revolution,
but In evolution through concord. Violence
has always achieved only destruction, not
construction; the kindling of passions, not
their pacification; the accumulation of hate
and ruin, not the reconciliation of the con-
tending parties. And it has reduced men and
parties to the dimcult task of rebuilding.
after sad experience, on the ruins of die-
cord
An Immense Task
There is an immense task incumbent on all
i en of good will, namely, the task of restor-
ing the relations of the human family In
truth, In justice, in love and in freedom: the
relations between Individual human beings;
between citizens and their respective politi-
cal communities; between political com-
munities themselves; between Individuals,
famiiles, Intermediate associations and politi-
cal communities on the one hand, and the
world community on the other. This is a
most exalted task, for it is the task of bring-
ing about true peace In the order established
by Cod.
Admittedly, those who are endeavoring to
restore the relations of social life according
to the criterions mentioned above, are not
many; to them we express our paternal ep-
predation, and we earnestly Invite them to
persevere In their work with ever greater
zeal, And we are comforted by the hope
that their number will Increase, especially
among those who believe. For It is an im-
perative of duty; It Is a requirement of love.
Every believer in this world of ours must be
a spark of light, a center of love, a vivifying
leaven amidst his fellow men: and he will be
this ail the more perfectly the moreclosely
he lives In communion with God and in the
Intimacy of his own soul.
In fact, there can be no peace between men
unless there is peace within each one of
them: unless, that Is each one builds up
within himself the order wished by God.
Hence St. Augu_tine asks: "Does your soul
desire to overcome your lower inclinations?
Let it be subject to Him who Is on high
and it will conquer the lower self: there will
be peace in you; true, secure and well-
ordered peace. In what does that order con-
sist? God commands the soul; the soul
commands the body; and there is nothing
more orderly than this." ?s
The Prince of Peace
These words of ours which we have wished
to dedicate to the problems that most beset
the human family today and on the just
solution of which the ordered progress of
society depends, are dictated by a profound
asipration which we know is shared by all
men of good will: the consolidation of peace
In the world.
As the humble and unworthy Vicar of Him
Whom the prophet announced as the "Prince
of Peace," TO we have the duty to expend all
our energies in an effort to protect and
strengthen this gift. However, peace will be
but an empty-sounding word unless it is
founded on the order which this present
document has outlined in confident hope:
an order founded on truth, built according
to justice, vivified and Integrated by charity,
and put Into practice in freedom.
This is such it noble and elevated task that
human resources, even though inspired by
the most praiseworthy good will , cannot bring
it to realization alone. In order that human
society may reflect as faithfully as possible
the Kingdom of Cod, help from on high is
necessary. For this reason, during these
sacred days oursupplication is raised with
greater fervor toward Him who by His pain-
ful passion and death overcame sin-the root
of discord and the source of sorrows and
inequalities-and by His blood reconciled
mankind to the Eternal Father; for He him-
self is our peace, He It is that hath made
both one ? ? ' and coming He announced
the good tidings of peace to you who were
afar off, and of peace to those who were
near."
And in the liturgy of these days we hear
the announcement: Our Lord Jesus Christ,
after His resurrection, stood In the midst of
His disciples and said "Peace be to you",
alleluia: the disciples rejoiced seeing the
Lord."
He leaves us peace, He brings us peace;
"Peace I leave with you, my peace I give
to you; not as the world gives do I give to
you." 73 This is the peace which we implore
of Him with the ardent yearning of our
prayer. -
May He banish from the hearts of men
whatever might endanger peace, may He
transform them Into witnesses of truth,
a Ibid., p. 456: cf. Leonia XIII Epist. Encycl.
Immortals Del, Acta Leonls XIII, V, 1885, p.
128; P11 XI Litt. Encycl. Uhl Aracano, A.A.S.
XIV, 1922, p. 688; et Pu XII Ailocutio ad
Delegates Unionle Internationalis Sodali-
tatum mulierum catholicarum ob oom-
munem Conventum Romae coadunatas. ha-
bits die 11 mensis Septembris anno 1947,
A.A.S. XXXIX. 1947. P. 486.
r Cf. Ailocutio ad optfices ex Itallae dio-
ecesibus Roman eoadunatoe, habits in festo
Pentecoetes, die 13 mensis Iunti anno 1943,
A.AB. XXXV, 1943, p. 176.
"Miscellanea Augustiniana 1' ' ' S.
Augustine Sermones post Maurinos reperti,
items, 1930, p. 833.
" Cf. Is. 9, 6.
It Eph. 2, 14-17.
1O Resp. and Mat., In feria VI infra Oct.
Paschae.
"Ia. 14, 27.
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 19.63. Approved Fo 2 P6 R000200250012-2
t8 ffe& L.:Z~ P6 6275
BACK IN THE FRAY
On April 8, 1963, Mr. Harriman was sworn
in as U.S. Under Secretary of State for Politi-
cal Affairs. On that same date, the Commu-
nists renewed their offensive in Laos.
But long before that they had made it a
practice to ignore any part of the peace
agreement that got in their way.
The United States, for example, withdrew
its troops from Thailand and halted military
assistance to Laos. But the Communists dis-
regarded the agreement and left thousands
of North Vietnamese troops in the country.
Russian promises to get them out have not
been lived up to.
An international commission, set up to
guarantee the neutrality of Laos, has been
unable to function. Its members cannot get
into many Communist-held areas.
There has been a series of political assassi-
nations carried out by the Communists to
weaken the neutralists, and thus strengthen
Communist Influence.
In November 1962, and again in January
1963, unarmed American supply planes were
shot down while trying to fly relief supplies
to non-Communists bottled up in Red-held
territory.
Now the danger is that the Communists
will be able to infiltrate formerly anti-Com-
munist areas along the Mekong River while
keeping their own zone tightly locked up.
What Western forces face is the collapse of
the Laos formula for neutrality. Vietnamese
and Laotian Communists actually have Im-
proved their position over what it was when
the deal to-,neutralize the country was agreed
to.
Despite sporadic fighting, political assassi-
nations, and other harassing tactics, most ex-
perts on Asian affairs doubt that the Reds
will launch an all-out military campaign at
this juncture.
The reason: A military takeover would
end the U.S. economic assistance on which
the coalition depends. Also, it might bring
American forces back into Thailand and re-
sult in stepped-up U.S. activity against the
Communist guerrillas fighting in South
Vietnam.
According to this theory, the Communists
would gain little they don't have already by
an all-out military assault.
Turncoat neutralists are being trained by
Communist -instructors from North Vietnam
who stayed in Laos after the truce came.
The anti-Communist forces, on the other
hand, no longer are receiving U.S. training
and equipment. The military muscle and
spirit are eroding as their enemies grow
stronger.
When Communist forces made their move
In early April, the United States and other
members of the Southeast Asia Treaty Orga-
nization decided on a show of strength. On
April 9, they ordered extensive military ma-
neuvers in Thailand and naval exercises in
southeast Asian waters.
This decision obviously was intended to
impress the Communists with the armed
power that could be unleashed against them.
But, in Asia, no one really expects the United
States to intervene militarily if serious civil
war should erupt again in Laos. As of now,
it would be impossible for the United States
to generate any substantial support inside
the country.
One westerner long experienced in south-
east Asia expressed it this way: "When the
United States abandoned the anti-Commu-
nists and forced them into a coalition with
the Reds it gave up all of its high cards.
,Now its only hope is to try to maintain a,
precarious neutrality and keep the coalition
Government operating."
Western allies of the United States are
beginning to have some second thoughts
about the deal with the Communists to "neu-
tralize" Laos.
British observers concede, for example,
that over the long pull the Communists still
are bent on taking all southeast Asia, and
they see little prospect of checking them, the
way things are going.
French sources are inclined to the view
that the United States must be willing to
take major risks to save what's left of south-
east Asia. Otherwise, the .Communists will
go right on using subversion and guerrilla
operations to rot away the foundations of
non-Communist and anti-Communist gov-
ernment in the area.
In Laos itself, most western observers feel
that the neutralists are finished as a military
force. If- the coalition holds together, the
Reds will have a bigger voice in the Gov-
ernment from now on, and anti-Communist
power gradually will be whittled away.
. Once again, the Reds have used a deal
with the West as a tool for doublecrossing
the West. Strategic Laos, which stood up
for years against Communist attackers with
U.S. backing, now seems to be sliding into
the Communist camp.
Landlocked Laos is "the stopper in the
jug." If it goes, beyond its borders lie Bur-
ma, Thailand, Cambodia, South Vietnam-
the whole of southeast Asia.
FROM CUBA TO LAOS: U.S. FOREIGN POLICY
SMACKS OF APPEASEMENT
The Kennedy administration, as its most
ardent critics must admit, has consistently
displayed admirable skill in the use of words.
Last week the President himself was in rare
rhetorical form. After keeping the Nation
in mounting suspense for 36 hours, Mr. Ken-
nedy on Thursday snapped the tension-and
sent the stock market skyrocketing-with
one of the most adroitly- phrased political
pronouncements on record. While remain-
ing firmly opposed to "across-the-board" in-
creases in steel price, he stated, the powers
that be are willing to accept "selective ad-
justments up or down, as prompted by
changes in supply and demand." The day
before the steel crisis, at a ceremony con-
ferring honorary American citizenship upon
Sir Winston Churchill, the Chief Executive
rose to the occasion no less nobly. In a
glowing tribute to his new compatriot, the
President said in part: "In the dark days and
darker nights when England stood alone, he
mobilized the English language and sent it
into battle. Whenever and wherever tyranny
threatened, he has always championed lib-
erty."
In saluting the verbal prowess of Sir
Winston, the President was speaking not
merely as head of state but also as one
professional to another. Since taking office
John F. Kennedy more than once has sought
to rally his 88Gntrymen with stirring calls to
arms; at times he has succeeded in sounding
almost Churchillian. Unfortunately, how-
ever, the resemblance ends right there. For
in translating words into deeds, the Kennedy
administration has acted not with the bold-
ness of the great Prime Minister, but with
the irresolution and timdity of his inglorious
predecessor. In Latin America, Bout east
Asia, and in the heart of Europe, the White
House, despite an occasional flash of spirit,
has been pursuing a policy of appeasement.
Day-by-day and step-by-step, in consequence,
the Communist tyranny has gained ground;
the forces of freedom, contrariwise, have been
in steady retreat. In a desperate quest for
"peace in our time, as the author of "Why
England Slept" must know, Neville Chamber-
lain unwittingly paved the way for World
War H. To prevent history from writing a
catastrophic sequel, the President and his
official family would do well to learn from it.
A prerequisite to learning, of course, Is
the willingness to face facts. On this score
the White House and its advisers have proved
sadly deficient. A case in point is Walt W.
Rostow, a man whose global knowledge of
economic and political affairs is matched
only by his apparent lack of insight. In a
far-ranging speech in Philadelphia recently
on the cold war, Professor Rostow-who
serves as counselor and chairman of, the
Policy Planning Council, Department of
State-reported progress on all fronts. To
be sure, he conceded, "none of the crises
on the national agenda as of January 1961
has been finally and satisfactorily settled.
The treaty arrangements in Laos remain
precarious, still violated by the continued
presence in that country of Vietminh units
under the control of Hanoi. West Berlin
stands firm, confident and prosperous, but
the threat to its future remains. And evi-
dently the crisis over Cuba is not at an
end." Nonetheless, in a stunning nonsequi-
tur he proceeded to conclude: "We have
achieved something substantial in these
26 months: the momentum of Khrushchev's
postsputnik offensive has been halted, and
in the vast areas which have been threatened
by it freemen breathe easier."
More dangerous nonsense would be hard
to come by these days. Under the hapless
leadership of the New Frontier, as even its
stanch supporters now concede, the free
world has suffered a dreary succession of
defeats. Regarding Cuba, for example, Wil-
liam V. Shannon, Washington columnist for
the leftwing New York Post, recently pulled
no punches. "Two years ago," he observed
last week, "a brave and active underground
movement against Castro was spreading.
Exiles in Florida were alive with hope for his
early overthrow." Since then, however, their
hopes have been dashed by one betrayal after
another, from the Bay of Pigs to the incredi-
ble blockade imposed by the U.S. Coast
Guard, not against the Communist regime
in Havana, but against its mortal foes. Such
`perfidy now has led to the rupture of
friendly ties between Washington and the
Cubans in exile, a denouncement which,
wrote Mr. Shannon scathingly, "Brings to
a close a cycle of defeat, political ignorance
and moral confusion. Everything has now
been surrendered, including honor * * *."
In Laos, too, the once firm U.S. posture has
developed a perilous sag. Until 1961 this
country actively supported a regime in Vien-
tiane which, despite its defects, was pro-
Western and willing to resist the thrust of
Communist aggression, launched years be-
fore by native Reds aided and abetted by
North Vietnam and Red China. However,
in the Ill-founded hope of restoring peace to
the embattled land, the Kennedy administra-
tion, through its roving Ambassador, W.
.Averell Harriman, began urging-and finally
pressuring-its Laotian allies to form a co-
alition government with a neutralist group
and the local Communist Pathet Lao. Last
summer at an international conference the
three factions. signed an agreement which
established such a troika government and
demanded the withdrawal of all foreign
forces from Laotian soil.
Describing the settlement as a calculated
risk-Barron'a chose at the time to call it
a witless gamble-Washington. promptly
complied. The Reds did not. On the con-
trary they quickly set about demonstrating
once again that every treaty with. a Com-
munist is an open invitation to trouble. The
Pathet Lao first tried assassination-one of
the trusted lieutenants of Kong Le, the mis-
guided neutralist who originally launched
the revolt, was murdered a few weeks ago.
Next came subversion, a tactic revealed last
month when a loyal Laotian soldier shot the
Foreign Minister and denounced him as a
traitor. Finally, in early April the Pathet
Lao launched an unprovoked attack against
the neutralist forces on. the Plaine des Jarres,
capturing several strongholds and other
strategic real estate.
To the latest outburst of naked Commu-
nist aggression, the New Frontier reacted
with its customary vigor. Even as his dip-
lomatic handiwork was collapsing, Averell
Harriman was promoted, to Under Secretary
of State. His boss, Dean Rusk, appealed for
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE April 22
a cease-fire. And the SEATO Alliance, at
U.S. behest, announced plans to stage an
impressive show of force, not in Laos, where
the shooting happens to be. but in neigh-
boring Thailand, where freemen, lid'.. Roe-
tow to the contrary notwithstanding, today
surely breathe easier.
"Don't worry, they're still 90 miles away,"
proclaims a satiric Republican car sticker,
Evidently Washington hasn't gotten the
message. Even as fighting broke out afresh
in Laos, the White House was recording Its
elation over another dubious diplomatic
stroke, the tentative agreement to set up a
direct line to the Kremlin. Even as Presi-
dent Kennedy was eloquently hailing a now
retired champion of freedom, the cause of
freedom was suffering. Appeasement is an
ugly word, and one which even Nelson Rock-
efeller, who sounds more like a party stand-
ard-bearer every day, backed away from last
week. History has no such qualms. Unless
the current disastrous course of events Is re-
versed, there will be only one place In his-
tory for the Kennedy administration. And
it won't be among the profiles In courage.
THE CARIBBEAN AREA-THREATENING SECURITY
Watch the Caribbean area. Three more
"Cubas" are a real threat there.
Danger signals are flying In Haiti, Domini-
can Republic, British Guiana.
Situations are very different in all three
countries.
Net result could be the same-a race be-
tween Reds, anti-Reds for control.
In Haiti the dictatorship of Dr. Francois
Duvalier faces the prospect of a sudden and
violent end. Duvalier has virtually had to
disarm Haiti's United States-trained army,
source of several plots against him. The
weapons have gone to Duvalier's militia and
a motley crowd of gangsters called the Ton-
ton Macoute.
The country is in frightful shape. Haiti
has less trade now than it did in 1789. Tour-
ist trade has collapsed. Business Is dying
off. Ninety percent of Haiti's people live In
misery, squalor, and hunger.
Pro-Castro Communists work In Haiti's
confused underground. Castro's Cuba Is just
50 miles away across the Windward Passage.
In the race to be touched off If Duvalier quite
or Is assassinated, Castro may start out
ahead.
The Dominican Republic, after 30 years of
the Trujillo dictatorship, is still In confusion.
In the middle Is Juan Bosch, the elected Pres-
ident in office since February. Bosch has cut
the government budget, slashed government
salaries. Question Is whether Bosch will get
the time to push through reforms.
Rivals aplenty are after Bosch's job. Police
boss is Brig. Gen. Antonio Imbert, an ambi-
tious national hero who helped assassinate
Trujillo. Dominican Army leaders, also am-
bitious, distrust Bosch as an ex-Communist.
Communists are working underground or
train in Cuba, backed by Castro.
There is a tradition of rule by force in the
Dominican Republic. There is every expec-
tation of more tries by would-be dictators
sooner or later. Then, as when the Trujlllos
fell, Castro's Communists will push for
power.
British Guiana appears to be splitting wide
open along racial lines.
Premier Cheddl Jagan Is a Communist.
He leads Guiana's East Indians brought In
by the British as plantation workers.
In the opposition, Forbes_ Burnham leads
Guiana's Negroes, mainly Industrial workers.
He Is a Socialist and anti-Communist. Peter
D'Aguiar, a right wing anti-Communist,
leads Guiana's Europeans, mainly Portu-
guese.
It's a witches' brew of trouble. Jagan's
Indians are outbreeding whites and blacks.
The opposition riots to keep Britain from
granting Independence. Only a handful of
British troops prevent a race war, a takeover
by Reds
In London, among British officials who
once urged the United States to "try the
neutralist solution" to save Laos, this is the
grim look of southeast Asia:
only U.S. armed force can save Laos now.
Only alternative is to admit the collapse of
the neutralist regime under Communist at-
tack, to talk again.
Next deal with the Communists might
mean the end of Laos, the slow collapse of
Cambodia, then Thailand, finally South
Vietnam.
Impression you get from the British these
days is that It's really all gone anyhow, that,
unless the United States is willing to go to
war, there's not much that can be saved In
southeast Asia. As for the British them-
selves, they appear to be willing to fight for
nothing in southeast Asia north of Malaya.
still a member of the British Commonwealth
and rich In tin and rubber.
THE ADMINISTRATION OPPOSES
EXPENDITURE REFORM
(Mr. CURTIS (at the request of Mr.
DOODLING) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point In the body
of the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, there has
been a growing tendency on the part of
administrative spokesmen Alt recent
weeks to charge that those who seek
some reduction In next year's budget are
advocating a policy which would impair
our national security, retard our space
program, bring on a recession and, in
general, cause hardship and suffering
for our people.
It is regrettable, Indeed, that the na-
tional economic debate on how best to
strengthen our economy and provide jobs
for the growing labor force should be re-
duced to an emotional and, In some
cases, a demagogic level.
One of the most important leaders of
the Democratic Party in Congress was
quoted in the Washington Post of March
6 as asking whether Republicans plan to
cut funds for veterans benefits, educa-
tion, you, "and mothers." The Demo-
cratic spokesman added, "if Republicans
plan to come out against people, that is
their privilege. They've done it before."
The President, himself, has aided and
abetted the campaign. Those who ques-
tion the wisdom of tax cuts, higher
spending, and deeper budget deficits
have been made to appear without hu-
man feeling and reckless with the Na-
tion's security. In his press conference
of March 6, President Kennedy said he
wanted to know "whose life is going to be
adversely affected" by the reductions in
spending which had been suggested. Re-
ferring to the school lunch and the aid
to dependent children programs, he
asked:
Are you going to cut those kind of programs
which are essential to a better life for our
people?
Continuing in the same manner, the
President asked whether those who sug-
gest budget cuts are going to take action
which would make the United States
"permanently second-best" in space and
in national security.
The President also is in the forefront
of those who claim that any cut in new
spending authority or budget expendi-
tures for fiscal 1964 would cause a reces-
sion. In a speech on March 13, he clearly
said that a budget out today would ulti-
mately lead to another recession. Ac-
cording to the President, if the budget is
cut, those who have honest doubts about
the administration's unique and experi-
mental fiscal policies will have, to take
the blame for any recession which might
occur.
What a striking contrast there is be-
tween the President's attitude toward
reductions In spending today and his at-
titude when he was a candidate for elec-
tion. The day before the last Presi-
dential election, he told a television
audience-with pride-that-
The fact of the matter Is that the Demo-
cratic Congress, of which I am a member,
in the last 0 years cut $12 billion off of the
President's request.
In President Kennedy's eyes, a large
reduction in the budget requests of the
last administration was an act of wisdom
and patriotism; today, attempts to re-
duce his own administration's rapidly
rising level of spending, impairs the Na-
tion's security and hurts people.
Mr. Speaker, there are many able and
humanitarian men who are particularly
well-informed in their special areas of
competence who believe that the budget
can be prudently trimmed. Many of
them foresee advantages to the Nation
from prudent and selective reductions in
spending.
Basil O'Connor, former president of
the American Red Cross and now Presi-
dent of the March of Dimes, has said
that the Nation's medical research pro-
gram is threatened by an over-abun-
dance of Government grant money that
Is being spent wastefully and often on
unsound projects. "The plethora of
funds actually constitutes a positive
threat to excellence," he said.
David E. Lilienthal, former Director of
the Tennessee Valley Authority and the
first Chairman of the Atomic Energy
Commission, has called upon the Govern-
ment to abandon its support of atomic
power development and reduce substan-
tially its support of basic atomic re-
search.
The Chairman of the Joint Economic
Committee, Senator DOUGLAS, has said
In a committee press release of March
21 that over $3.4 billion annually can be
saved in the Department of Defense
alone. He said:
All responsible studies in this area since
our hearings In January 1960 (including 207
reports by the Government Accounting of-
fice) show the possibilities of economies
without hurting defense through better or-
ganization and management, such as Secre-
tary McNamara is now instituting.
An American Farm Bureau Federation
spokesman told the House Ways and
Means Committee recently that his or-
ganization would recommend that $1 bil-
lion be cut from the funds the adminis-
tration Is requesting for farm price
support operations and payments to
farmers. While campaigning on tele-
vision on November 7, 1960, President
Kennedy said that $1 billion to $1.5 bil-
lion could be cut from expenditures for
agriculture. At that time they were less
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250012-2