CUBA AND THE COLD WAR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240011-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: July 29, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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A4832 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX July 30
built by the performers themselves. When
weather was bad they retreated into a barn.
Nowadays every performance in the modern
Ted Shawn Theater, designed exclusively for
the dance by Joseph Franz, architect of the
music shed at Tanglewood, is packed with
aficionados who come from far and wide to
view the dance stars of five continents.
Ted Shawn was the first American man
dancer to make a world reputation. An in-
spiration for the idea which grew into what
the New York Times has hailed as "one of
our most important native cultural insti-
tutions" was Mr. Shawn's "crusade for the
legitimacy of the dance as an honorable
career for men."
SUCCESSFUL TOURS
Jacob's Pillow, named by biblically minded
New Englanders for a huge, smooth stone on
which the full moon's rays directly shone, was
ideal for the experiment, partly because of its
proximity to Tanglewood and the Berkshire
Music Festival. Beautifully situated in the
Berkshire hills near Lee, Mass., it comprised
150 acres of woodland with a big pre-Revolu-
tionary house and spacious barns renovated
for living quarters and studios.
The original men's group was composed for
the most part of college star athlete, among
whom was Barton Mumaw, who reappeared
this summer in a nostalgic solo, "The Banner
Bearer," from an early Shawn composition,
"Olympiade." Ted Shawn and his men
dancers successfully toured the United States,
Canada, England, and Cuba for seven sea-
sons-until the Selective Service Act siphon-
ed off his performers.
The first mixed company at Jacob's Pillow
derived from Denishawn, founded in Los
Angeles in 1915 by Ted Shawn and his il-
lustrious wife and partner, Ruth St. Denis,
whose graduates, Martha Graham and Doris
Humphrey, became the most famous dancers
of their generation."
As audiences increased, the scope of per-
formance became global. In the past three
decades more than 1,000 different dancers
and dance companies have appeared at
Jacob's Pillow. More than 200 world pre-
miers of choreographic works have been
presented; and countless established or po-
tential stars have made their American
debuts there.
AUDIENCES ENCHANTED
Between festivals Ted Shawn and John
Christian, now associate director of the Pil-
low, globe-trotted while scouting for new
talent, Inviting, and sometimes persuading
new-country the benefit of their scintilla-
tions.
Long before Kabuki came, the late Tel
Ko, acclaimed as the greatest Japanese clas-
sical dancer of her time, enchanted Pillow
audiences. Carmelita Marracci, the inim-
itable, rarely seen Spanish dancer-chore-
ographer, made brief exquisite appearances
there. And the fantastically powerful Ernes-
tis, American Indian from British Columbia,
created a sensation.
Balasaraswati, India's most reverent inter-
preter of the religious dance, Abhinaya,
The University of the Dance at Jacob's Pil-
low parallels the festival in time and achieve-
ment.
"The dance includes every way that people
of all races in every period have moved
rhythmically to express themselves," Mr.
Shawn affirms. "Therefore a dancer who
has studied only one form-classical ballet,
for example-cannot be called a truly edu-
cated dance artist."
COLLEGE CREDITS
At Jacob's Pillow under one institutional
roof are three basic major dance courses:
classic ballet, contemporary American (mod-
ern), and ethnic (racial, national, and folk).
All pertinent auxiliary studies, including
weekly lectures on dance appreciation, are
taught by their leading exponents. College
credits toward a bachelor of arts or master's
degree may be obtained.
The performances at the dance festival
constitute an education in themselves.
Students are required to watch the dress
rehearsal of each new program, in which the
problems of music, costume, lighting, and
stage management are worked out before
their eyes.
The "crown Jewell, of this 80th anniver-
sary festival, declares Mr. Shawn, will be the
6-year-old Western Ballet of England (July
16 through 27). Their premiere will be "Le
Carnaval," reproduced for them by Tamara
Karsavina as it was when she and Nijinsky
danced the lead roles for Diaghilev in the
European premiere in 1910.
Another highlight will be "Les Etoiles du
Ballet de l'Opera de Paris," an all-star en-
semble (Aug. 13 through 17).
From Paris, too, comes Bella
extraordinary mime realiste, in
after Toulouse-Lautrec.
Reine, an
characters
Also in August come popular Pillow re-
peaters: Alvin Ailey's jazz drama company
starring Carmen de Lavallade; and the pres-
tigious ballet partners, Edward Villella and
Violette Verdy.
The Ximenz-Vargas Ballet Espafloi (first
introduced to American audiences at Jacob's
Pillow in 1958) brought the original dance
crusade full circle. They opened the's son
with the world premiere of "Pinceidas:
a
Homag
_-__ .. . .
o Ted S
e
SPEECH
OF
HON. DONALD C. BRUCE
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 29, 1963
In 1953 Mr. Shawn introduced the National Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, I Yield 5
Ballet of Canada, which never had toured minutes to the gentleman from Indiana
beyond the Dominion; later the Ballets Can- [Mr. BRUCE].
adiens de Montreal. In 1955 he imported 10 Mr. BRUCE. Mr. Speaker, I thank the
young Danes from the Royal Danish Ballet, gentleman from Virginia for yielding me
then no more than a name in the United
time, though now so firmly cemented in our , and I wish to join my Colleague in
affections through the guest appearances of extending thanks to the men on both
their great premier danseur, Erik Bruhn, sides of the aisle who have obviously
The biggest enterprise he ever undertook, worked long hours in preparing for this
says Mr. Shawn, was to bring the Ballet Ram- presentation this afternoon.
bert, England's oldest company still in ex- I think we all recognize and probably
istence, to the United States in 1959. Pioneer anticipate that an time
Dame Marie Rambert, once with Diaghilev, y You get close
discovered Antony Tudor, Sir Frederick Ash- to touching paydirt the "babysitters of
ton, Hugh Lang, and a host of others. past error" are going to rise in wrath.
Other firsts at the Pillow were the Swedish Any time you get close to putting your
ballerina Birgit Akesson, the National Danc- finger on what has been wrong and to
ers of Ceylon, Toekila Alasa from Samoa, making firm recommendations about
Herman Baldrich from Santiago, Chile, and what should be done the cry will be
raised by those whom I choose to call
the "babysitters of error" that you are
urging the paths that will lead to war. I
think you all anticipated this in advance
and expected it.
The fact remains that those who have
studied the pattern of Communist op-
eration worldwide were most disturbed
iii a prior administration by some of the
action or lack of action or misdirected
action that laid the groundwork for
Castro to take power in Cuba.
The time has come when we must have
some of the type of operation we have
had this afternoon, where men on both
sides of the aisle are willing to clearly
and forcefully come up with proposals as
you gentlemen have done, and in addi-
tion to that are going to have to be will-
ing to analyze without animosity be-
tween us the errors in the past. Cer-
tainly if we are going to propose pro-
grams that have any chance of being
put into action It is essential that we
understand why the failures took place
before.
I think it is important as well to recog-
nize that while I know the center of
attraction this afternoon is based on
Cuba, communism in Cuba is only an ex-
tension of a worldwide operation that
has been going on for a long time, and I
know there is not a person present this
afternoon who is not aware of that.
The mere elimination of Castro from
Cuba under any guise of an operation
of agreement would be hardly satis-
factory; and there have been rumblings
here and there that there might be a
possibility of Castro, perhaps, either
removing himself or being removed.
We can settle for nothing less than the
elimination of a Communist dictatorship
under any other name as well as Castro
in Cuba.
One of the points which I thought
was well made this afternoon was made
by the gentleman from Illinois [Mr.
lish clearly the intent of winning the
cold war. This, I think, is the key; and
while we might have a temporary vic-
tory in an isolated spot, unless there is
a coordinated program that brings to-
gether the divergent areas of policy
aimed at establishing victory in the cold
war, the entire survival of the free world
is, indeed, in jeopardy.
I will say I view with apprehension
certain aspects of policy when one of
the most prominent spokesmen in the
other body not once but twice will rise
before the public and say, What would
we do with victory once we achieved it?
The essential ingredient that is neces-
sary is a policy aimed at victory over
a force that is composed of three basic
elements. The Communist operation is
not just military. It is first of all a
faith. It is, secondly, flesh, and it is,
third, force. Any policy that does not
take into cognizance all these phases of
communism is doomed to fail. Castro
did not come to power in Cuba by force
alone. He came to power primarily. be-
cause he was a Communist and he util-
ized the faith of the Communists to-
gether with the flesh.. The missionaries
of communism throughout the world,
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
This is a unique and stimulating under-
taking. It is strictly a new idea-using a
building at a major exposition for the pur-
pose of going over to the offensive In the de-
bate with creeping socialism.
The estimated $2 million which it will
cost, is being solicited frankly and openly
from Individuals and corporations who are
sold on the advantages of a free market
economy.
In the face of manifold failures of the left.
it is time the forces of free enterprise stood
up and crowed a little.
The theme of the exhibit will be the Ten
Pillars of Economic Wisdom. These are the
principles that make for growth, production,
high living standards, and all the other de-
sired ends-and do It in a climate of freedom,
without Government domination.
Some 70 million people, 3.5 million of them
foreigners, are expected to attend the fair.
May many of them visit the hall-and leave
it with a new and abiding realization of the
wonders that free enterprise can accomplish,
and the need for standing resolutely in Its
defense.
Equally thought provoking is the ed-
itorial on the stalemated peace in Korea
which appeared In the July 25, 1963, issue
of the Democratic Ledger, of Havre de
Grace, Md. All Americans can take
these comments of Editor Charles M.
Moore to heart:
TEN YEARS AGO FIGHTING STOPPED
groes in preference to qualified white
persons by many executive agencies
should be a matter of grave concern to
the Congress. The American Legion,
Department of Mississippi, at its recent
annual convention, adopted unanimous-
ly a resolution condemning these in-
justices.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
Include the department of Mississippi's
resolution on this subject. It follows:
RESOLUTION OF THE AMERICAN LEGION, DE-
PARTMENT or MISSISSIPPI, JACKSON, MISS.,
JULY 14. 1963
Whereas the present administration of our
Federal Government has ordered Federal
agencies to, In so many words, ignore the
civil service law in'hiring additional per-
sonnel; and
Whereas this action on the part of the
present administration appears to be in di-
rect violation of the civil service law; and
Whereas this action is believed to be one of
political expediency designed to Influence
more votes In the next presidential election
for the present administration; and
Whereas this violation of the civil service
law has and Is resulting In disabled vet-
erans, as well as other veterans, employed
under civil service being bypassed on the
civil service register In order to employ less
qualified personnel: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, by the American Legion, Depart-
ment of Mississippi, in convention assembled
in Jackson, Miss., July 12-14, 1963, That we
deplore such tactics as are being used by the
present administration in order to gain votes
and violate the law; and be it further
Resolved, That our Congressmen and Sena-
tors be called upon to demand an immediate
investigation of the Civil Service Commis-
sion and the Federal agencies that are vio-
lating the civil service law.
FRANK N. CHAMarRS,
Department Adjutant.
On June 25, 1950, when Communist hordes,
Soviet-trained and equipped, swept south in
an attempt to subjugate a newly liberated
people, Korea was almost unknown to the
average American. Today it is part of Amer-
ican history.
While the active phase of the war ended
with the signing of an armistice in July
1953. no true peace was ever established. A
peace treaty has not been signed. Disarm-
ament has never been effected.
Saturday, July 27, 1963, marks the 10th
anniversary of the signing of the Korean
Armistice, the longest in the history of man-
kind.
The term armistice, "a temporary suspen-
sion of hostilities" cannot be applied to
Korea. Although large-scale hostilities have
ended, infractions or the terms of the agree-
ment are still occurring. There are still
casualties along the demilitarized zone.
After nearly a decade, we may ask, why
are we still In Korea? Why should Amer-
icans be on the border In a country where
the war ended 10 years ago? The answer is
brief and to the point; because the war Is
not over. A truce has been signed but not a
peace treaty. the
The actions In southeast Asia, garner
headline, but Korea is still a "hot-spot."
As long as the country remains divided, we
will be there. This Is not a commitment to
war but a commitment to peace. As long
as we show the world that-this Is where
we stand-it is here where we draw the
line-we can prevent other Koreas from
happening.
A Union general once said, "War is hell,"
At times a truce can be the same.
Abuse of Civil Service Laws
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON.; JOHN BELL WILLIAMS
Or yixSSISSIPPI
IN THE =USX OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 29, 1963
Mr. 'ILLrAMS. Mr. Speaker, the
flagrant disregard of civil service laws in
promoting and hiring unqualified Ne-
What Harms Agriculture, Harms Allied
Industries
being is directly related to the economic
health and vigor of our State's agriculture.
Most of our production goes to shippers of
fresh or processed fruits and vegetables. We
recently erected a new plant in Sacramento,
creating what we hope will be permanent jobs
for many people in that area.
Being in daily contact with our agricul-
tural friends, I am convinced that a sudden
termination of their supply of braceros can
only result in financial losses and a curtail-
ment of production. This loss In production
will directly affect our own business, as it
surely will effect the business of all suppliers
to our State's agriculture.
With five manufacturing plants In this
State. we at Western Corrugated are deeply
concerned. We can only urge with all sin-
cerity that you do everything In your power
to provide a means of gradual, rather than
sudden elimination of Mexican workers.
This may permit growers and shippers to ad-
just to the change over a period of 2 or 3
years with a minimum loss In production.
What harms our agriculture, harms our In-
dustry, and our State as well.
Very sincerely yours,
WESTERN CORRUGATED, INC.,
J. P. BLO-UNT,
Manager, Agricultural Division.
The Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 30, 1963
Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, it is with
great pride that I acknowledge the 30th
anniversary of the internationally fa-
mous Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival.
This prominent festival is situated in the
beautiful Berkshire Hills near Lee, Mass.
It is certainly one of the great cultural
events of this country and I am proud
that it appears in the First Congressional
District of Massachusetts.
The man responsible for this remark-
able festival is the famous Ted Shawn.
Mr. Shawn had performed a great serv-
ice for American dancing through his
introduction of famous foreign troupes
to America and through his University
of the Dance at Jacob's Pillow. He
founded Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival
30 years ago and has directed it ever
since. I would like to extend my con-
gratulations to Mr. Shawn and wish him
many more successful years at Jacob's
Pillow.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. BURT L. TALCOTT
Or CALIFORNIA
IN THS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 30, 1963
Mr. TAL.COTT. Mr. Speaker, some
city businessmen are becoming acutely
aware of how important agriculture is to
them-not only for the food they eat, but
for their jobs, their economic survival.
The following is one of many letters I
daily from outside my district.
i
ve
rece
The bracero is important to others than to reproduce in the RECORD a very fine
farmers. There is someone in every eon- article by Kathleen Cannell, which ap-
gresslonal district who is dependent upon peared in the July 22 Christian Science
the reliable supply of supplemental farm Monitor. This article, in a very concise
labor in my district. The bracero is the manner, gives many of the reasons why
SAN LEANDRO, CALIF.,
July 3, 1963.
Congressman BURT L. TALCOTT,
Ilousc office Building,
D
C.
Washington
.
,
important
DEAR CONGRESSMAN TALCOTr: As isuppliers of shipping containers to Cali-
fornia growers-shippers, we are deeply con-
cerned over the failure of Congress to extend
Public Law 79.
you may not understand why we, as a
part of California Industry are so concerned
over a matter of direct concern to agricul-
ture. Actually, our own survival and well
(By Kathleen Cannell)
The Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival-whose
founder, director, and animator is Ted
Shawn-is celebrating this summer its 30th
anniversary. What has become during July
and August the hub and Mecca of dancing in
North America began In 1933 as tea-and-lee-
ture demonstrations with 4 or 6 finished
dances as a finale to an audience of 45.
As there were no lighting facilities, mat-
inees were presented on an outdoor platform
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CON
including ,hose in the United States,
sold a fate line to non-Communists on -
the virt m of Castro. Castro used the
faith a? i the flesh to reach a position
where ie could impose the force. Be-
cause we failed to combat the faith;
because ve failed to recognize the manip-
ulation and the operation of the flesh,
the force was allowed to gain a position
where it could be imposed. -
Again let me commend the gentleman
from Virginia and the gentleman from
Florida [Mr. GIBBONS], the gentleman
from Pennsylvania, [Mr. WEAVER], and
all of the rest of my colleagues who have
spoken. May I commend them for their
fine work this afternoon. Keep it up.
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14DIX July 30
was jealous of accomplishment in the com-
pany, that he wanted credit alone for major
advances.
But Ford was not always wrong In the
disputes that led to the ousting of some of
his close associates. Certainly he was not
wrong when he brought about the severance
of Alex Y. Malcomson's association with the
company.
Maleomson was a major figure In bringing
Ford Motor Co. Into existence, but while an
officer and large shareholder In the company
he Invested heavily In another auto company
that conceivably planned to compete with
Ford. This was In 1908, when the company
was but 8 years old.
Perhaps the break with James Couzens,
another stalwart in the development of the
company, resulted from a two-sided argu-
ment between the two. This came in 1915.
rest nation at the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 12879
Further, the railroad industry is not
affected by section 8(b) (6) of the Taft-
Hartley Act designed to prohibit feather-
bedding. I believe that the same stand-
ards should be applied to the railroad
industry in this connection as are given
credence in other areas. This will cut
down, a good deal of stagnation in this
area and ultimately help both the work-
ers and the economy in general, in that
as these people are retrained in accord-
ance with either the first section of this
bill or the Manpower Retraining Act,
they will be able to find new and better
job opportunities in our expanding
economy.
The second proposal I am introducing
today hits at the splitting' of authority
in the Houses of Congress themselves in
trying to deal with the problem of in-
dustrywide bargaining and strikes. It
would establish a joint congressional
committee to study and report on prob-
lems relating to industrywide bargaining
and industrywide strikes and lockouts.
The Congress has failed to take more
than a fragmented look at this general
area in.the past because there has been
no effective vehicle by which the entire
problem could be surveyed. The House
Committee on Education and Labor, the
seemingly obvious body to deal with this
problem shares its jurisdiction with the
Committee on Merchant Marine and
Fisheries, the Interstate and Foreign
Commerce Committee and the Judiciary
Committee. Each of these deals with
its own peculiar bailiwick in this area,
and a comprehensive approach is lack-
ing. The same fragmentation takes
place in the other body. With the in-
creasingly interrelated nature of our
economy, this lack, of capacity on the
part of the Congress to deal with these
broad problems should be rectified.
The committee would consist of eight
Members of each House of the Congress
with the membership split equally be-
tween the majority and minority parties.
I sincerely hope that this will provide
an atmosphere for intensive study of
these problems that would be free from
the pressure of partisan politics. This
committee would have power to recom-
mend legislation after its studies that
would reflect reasoned and deliberate
congressional thinking on the matter.
I believe that these measures which I
am introducing today would not only
provide a meaningful solution to the cur-
rent railroad crisis, taking account of
the needs of all the parties involved, but
would also provide a mechanism by
which the Congress could, in the future,
deal comprehensively with these situa-
tions before they reach the stage when
the danger to the Nation from inaction
or unhurried action is acute.
CAB DECISION REMOVING NORTH-
EAST AIRLINES FROM THE NEW
YORK-TO-FLORIDA ROUTE
(Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of
Mr. STAFFORD) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, the
Civil Aeronautics Board decision to re-
move Northeast Airlines from the New
York-Florida route amounts to nothing
less than corporate decapitation by gov-
ernmental decree. it is one of the most
unreasonable decisions to emerge from
the bureaucratic wonderland in Wish-
ington. The CAB's action strikes a
deathblow to Northeast by chopping off
its most profitable run, and then offers
to keep the headless, bleeding corpse
alive, by gracious transfusions of govern-
mental subsidies.
This decision is unwise in principle
and practical effect. By leaving the
eastern seaboard's major air routes in
the possession of only two airlines, it is
a clear step toward a Government-sub-
sidized monopoly at the expense of the
taxpayer and at the expense of New
England.
In the CAB's decision there is a strong
dissenting opinion by CAB's Vice Chair-
man Murphy and by Member Minetti.
Their forceful dissent points out the need
for at least three carriers in the growing
New York-to-Florida eastern seaboard
market as there are on all other major
runs. -
They said:
By once again entrusting it to two carriers,
we are turning back the clock, downgrading
the needs and convenience of the traveling
public, and risking the loss of noticeable
improvements of service resulting from
Northeast's entry into the market.
The Wall Street Journal of today, in
its lead editorial entitled "An Air of
Monopoly," calls attention to the serious
implications of this unwise decision.
Because of the importance of this mat-
ter, this excellent editorial follows in its
entirety:
AN AIR OF MONOPOLY
The case of Northeast Airlines is a dramatic
reminder of the scope of Federal control
of this industry. And the question arises if
this control is not itself an important cause
of the industry's present difficulties.
For some time the Civil Aeronautics Board
has been accused of insisting on "excessive
competition"-more carriers on given routes
than demand warrants. Now it seems to be
changing; it voted to remove Northeast from
the New York-Florida route, leaving two
carriers in one of the world's largest passen-
ger markets and confining Northeast literally
to that geographical area.
Whether this is good or bad policy, it is
a death sentence for the company. Or
rather, it would be except for one thing:
The CAB generously offers to let its victim
hang on through the device of Federal sub-
sidy of its reduced operations.
At the same time the agency seems to be
unfavorably disposed just now toward a
more natural way of reducing "excessive"
competition, the way of mergers. It recently
rejected, without explanation, the proposed
combination of Eastern and American.
Surely such policies and procedures pile
anomaly atop anomaly-misjudging mar-
kets, then summarily evicting a carrier, then
throwing it a sop of subsidy while frowning
on a normal business solution. It is hard
to believe that real competition would have
done a worse job than all this bureaucratic
control.
But even that, unedifying as it is, is not
the whole of the matter. Part of the present
competitive confusion stems from the CAB's
record of inherent opposition to competition
of various kinds; it is almost as though it
had been established to form an airlines
cartel.
One thing it did after setting up shop a
quarter-century ago was to restrict, quite
drastically, entry into the industry, always
a prime effort of monopolistic entities. The
policy was supposedly a boon to the old es-
tablished carriers, and perhaps for a time
it was, as air travel expanded so greatly in
the postwar years.
All along, however, the CAB has also fol-
lowed a policy of discouraging price competi-
tion, another familiar attitude of monopo-
lists. It is actually empowered to fix maxi-
mum and minimum rates in some cases, and
it must approve all rates, The upshot is a
pretty inflexible rate structure, which has
led the carriers to engage in a frantic, and
sometimes rather ridiculous, competition in
services.
More importantly, it has made costs to the
air traveler higher than they would other-
wise be. In addition, it seems clearly to
have aggravated the carriers' financial trou-
bles. A notable instance is the introduction
of jets. In the absence of real price compe-
tition, the lines felt compelled to race each
other in putting these costly planes into
service, and they very likely did so faster
than their own and economic conditions jus-
tified.
These rigidities, inefficiencies and high
costs are, again, what you would expect
when Government creates a monopoly-ori-
ented structure. Certainly the years of Gov-
ernment "protection" have not left the in-
dustry in a healthy state.
It is true that poor management has been
a source of trouble in some cases. It is true
that many in the industry wanted and wel-
comed the "status" of Government 'control.
It is true that the CAB is circumscribed by
the law of Congress which gave it birth.
But the answer to that is to change the
law. For a guide, Congress might consider
the conclusions reached in an authoritative
article by Sam Peltzman in the New Individ-
ualist Review:
"If what we mean by `public interest'
here is the satisfaction of market demands,
in all their variety, at lowest social costs,
and, as part of this, the quick adaptability
to changing market conditions, then our
history indicates that this interest is best
served by competition free of arbitrary inter-
ference by State power.
"We have not given free competition a
chance in this industry. We might do worse
CUBAN EXILESGSAY CUBA HAS
LONG-RANGE MISSILES
(Mr. CRAMER (at the request of Mr.
STAFFORD) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, continu-
ous and mounting evidence that Cuba
still has offensive weapons builds up with
no inclination on the part of the admin-
istration to find out for sure. Many
suggestions for reinstating low-level re-
connaissance flights, for renewal of on-
site inspection demands and other steps
to determine what offensive weapons still
exist in Cuba have been made by myself,
other Members of the Congress and even
the Stennis committee in its report in-
dicated that only way to make sure what
is still in Cuba is on-site inspections.
The Miami Herald polled the leaders
of some 10 Cuban exile groups on this
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 30
question and came up with some inter-
esting and alarming information-and
the conclusion that Cuba has long-range
missiles.
It would be safer for this Nation to in-
sist on on-site inspections to determine
the facts than to risk ignoring such au-
thoritative sources as these exile lead-
ers-and the Stennis committee. We
made the mistake of misjudging the Rus-
sian activities before-we cannot afford
to make the same mistake twice.
The article from the Miami Herald of
recent date follows:
CUBA HAS LONG-RANGE MISSILES. EXILES SAT
(By Al Burt)
Almost every Cuban exile leader In this
area believes Cuba still has long-range mis-
siles-despite U.S. Intelligence reports which
say this is not true.
A poll of 10 top figures among the exiles
revealed only 2 who said they doubted
missiles capable of reaching the United
States were on the island.
"Insofar as we can be sure, there are
no long-range missiles in Cuba." a U.S. offi-
cial said. "This position cannot be 100-per-
cent foolproof, but the weight of the evi-
dence is to the contrary.
"You must remember that the Cubans have
surface-to-air (antiaircraft) missiles, and
cruise missiles (40-mile range) and that It
would be easy for an untrained person to
mistake these for medium or intermediate
range missiles."
The United States feels it has adequate
means of making these determinations-in
addition to its reconnaissance flights-and
that It can be confident that as of now Cuba
has no capability for delivering strategic mis-
siles.
"With Russian help, the Cubans have Im-
proved their defense for an air or naval at-
tack with the short-range missiles, and this
activity has caused a fresh stir of exile re-
ports about strategic weapons," an official
said.
The official also pointed out that the exiles
are dedicated to a campaign of propaganda
which would result in more U.S. action
against Cuba, and that such a dedication
sometimes colors their reports.
But despite this U.S. assessment, the 10
exiles polled by the Herald said the long-
range missiles are on the island, that at
least 22,000 Soviets are In Cuba, and there
is a probability that nuclear warheads .for
the missiles exist.
These are the 10. and the positions they
expressed, based on their own sources:
Cuban student directorate: At least 22,000
Soviets; at least 44 long-range missiles hid-
den on the island: an indication without
proof that there are nuclear warheads.
Alpha 66, second national front of the
Escambray, and people's revolutionary move-
ment: "Many troops but we cannot be precise
about the number"; thinks the missiles exist
but has no proof; suspect nuclear warheads
may be present at Sancti Spiritus.
Unldad revolucionaria: Estimate 30,000
Soviets; evidence of great activity in caves in
central Cuba and along coast and believe It
Is "very much possible" these contain mis-
siles; no evidence of nuclear warheads.
Commandos L: Decline give specific num-
ber of Soviets; reliable sources indicate mis-
siles may be in Portales de Cortina In Pinar
del Rio Province; no information on nuclear
warheads.
Dr. Salvador Lew, reputable Cuban news-
man: More than 30,000 Soviets; definitely
long-range missiles and have proof of 8
at Rancho Luna near Cienfuegos held there
in underground platforms; nuclear warheads
stored In Punta de Mules near Banes, Cuba.
Luis Conte Aguero, of Christian anti-Com-
munist front: More than 40,000 Soviets (he
claims 9,000 entered Cuba In May alone);
definitely long-range missiles near Havana
and along northern coast; believe nuclear
warheads and expect to have proof soon.
Carlos Zarraga, of Cuba Libre: 20,000 to
25,000 Soviets; know of long-range missiles
in Les Villas Province at farm called Valle
Blanco, about 11 miles from Manicaragua; no
proof of nuclear warheads but suspect some
in hdnds of Russians.
Manolo Quiza, commando leader: 20,000 to
25.000 Soviets; doubts existence of long-
range missiles; have reports of possible nu-
clear warheads In caves near Matanzas.
Cuban Revolutionary Council: 80,000 So-
viets; long-range missiles In caves but has
no locations to offer; believes nuclear war-
heads but has no proof.
AAA, headed by Dr. Aureliano Sanchez
AraFigo: 25,000 Soviets; believe U.S. Intelli-
gence knows whether missiles exist; believe
United States knows whether there are nu-
clear warheads.
A HIGH PRICE FOR SALVE
(Mr. CRAMER (at the request of Mr.
STAFFORD) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, prior to
the payment of indemnity by the United
States to Castro for the Bay of Pigs In-
vasion-better known as the ransoming
of Cuban prisoners-I expressed my op-
position.
Now that the ransom deal has been
completed and the final ransom ship has
been unloaded, I am hopeful the admin-
istration and the American people will
take a closer look into that blackmail
deal which saw, for the first time in the
history of this country, a bearded dicta-
tor on a small island pull the beard of
Uncle Sam while the world looked on In
shock and horror.
The United States was humiliated In
the eyes of the world by Its weakness in
giving into Communist Castro,
For these reasons, I opposed the deal-
and still do.
The time has now come to face the
real question. When will this adminis-
tration do something about freeing all
of the people of Cuba? The ransom deal,
evidencing weakness rather than
strength on our part, has failed to free
Cuba or to make medicines available to
Cubans. It has lowered our prestige in
the eyes of the world. It has not stopped
the spread of communism in this hemi-
sphere.
All it accomplished was filling the
medicine chests and pantries of the Rus-
sians and Chinese who, it is reliably re-
ported, wound up with the bulk of the
medicine and food In payment for weap-
ons. An excellent editorial on this sub-
jest appeared In the July 1, 1963, issue
of the Tampa Tribune:
A HIGH PRICE FOR SALVE
The SS Maximus salted Into Havana last
week bearing a cargo of food and medical
supplies, bringing to a close one of the most
shameful incidents in US. history,
The ship, of course, was taking to Cuba the
last payment in a monstrous ransom deal
which saw the United States pay Fidel Castro
853 million in foods and medicines plus $2
million In cash, for the lives of 1,113 Cuban
rebels captured in the 1961 Bay of Pigs in-
vasion, which this country Instigated then
failed to support.
So Immense was the payment that since
last December when the prisoners were re-
leased, 9 ships and 36 planes have been em-
ployed to haul the 42,710 tons of supplies
to Cuba.
The size of the payment, however, does not
compare with the size of the humiliation the
United States has sustained not only in bow-
ing to Castro's terms but In promulgating
the myths that the U.S. Government was no
way Involved In the deal.
The first myth, of course, was the admin-
istration's contention that Attorney James
Donovan, who went to Cuba to negotiate the
deal, was doing so without the Government's
support. The truth Is that he was work-
Ing hand and glove with Attorney General
Robert Kennedy.
The second myth was that American phar-
maceutical houses and food firms were vol-
untarily contributing the ransom goods to
the American Red Cross for distribution in
Cuba. The truth is that administration
officials were directly soliciting the goods, and
the contributing firms, fully cognizant of the
vast powers that can be wielded by a dis-
pleased Federal Government, came through.
After this performance, marked by repeated
duplicity, will the confidence of the Ameri-
can people in their Government ever be fully
restored? We don't believe so.
Attempts now are being made to show
that the United States has gained a great
propaganda coup through the ransom deal.
Recently, upon return from one of his many
jaunts to Cuba. Donovan reported that the
United States was harvesting a vast crop of
good will because of the presence of Amer-
lean-labeled ransom goods on Havana grocery
shelves. We doubt, however, that the Cuban
people take much joy in the circumstances
which placed the goods there-circumstances
which promise little for a free Cuba.
We doubt, too, that the confidence of other
hemispheric nations in the leadership of
the United States will be quickly restored.
The prestige gained In the touch-and-go Car-
ibbean confrontation with Soviet Russia last
fall was all but frittered away a few weeks
later when the United States decided to
grovel at the feet of Castro. Can the nations
of Latin America really depend on U.S. help
in the event of further Communist inroads
into the hemisphere? Surely they must
have serious reservations.
It is true, of course, that in agreeing to
the deal, the United States again proved its
humanitarian instincts. But we paid an
outlandish price In money and lost prestige
for salve to soothe a guilty conscience. If
anything has been learned from the Incident,
it to that paying blackmail is a worthless
salve for conscience.
CUBAN COMMUNISM IS SPREADING
(Mr. CRAMER (at the request of Mr.
STAFFORD) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I am
taking this opportunity to once again ex-
press my concern over the steady and
Increasing spread of communism in this
hemisphere from its subversive base In
Cuba.
Of particular concern are the Com-
munist activities of recent dates in Vene-
zuela and British Guiana. I am sure
they are of concern as well to the vast
majority of the people in this hemi-
sphere.
These stepped up Communist activities
prove conclusively that the Administra-
tion's so-called policy of containment
is not working. Communism is not-being
contained to Cuba. On the contrary, it is
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So a broader curriculum in the humanities
was introduced, and shortly thereafter the
school received State accreditation as a 2-
year degree-granting college.
The word "educate" comes from the Latin
verb "lead out." Just as Mortimer Hays
and the Silvermine Guild lead many people
out of themselves and into a common en-
joyment and fulfillment in the arts, so our
Nation must lead many more of her citizens
toward this same goal.
Interest in the arts has developed rapidly
in the United States in the past years. Our
museums are packed on Sundays-Ameri-
cans go to concerts and to exhibits as they
go to ball games and watch TV. Community
theater and opera groups mushroom across
the land.
Never has there been a time when interest
in the arts at the seat of government been
so high. The President, the first lady, and
the members of the Cabinet have set the
example-and the Nation has responded.
Starting with the inauguration itself, great
writers and musicians-and artists of all
sorts-have performed at ceremonial func-
tions. They hold new, more respected posi-
tions in our society. This Is, I think, all to
the good.
Yet much remains to be done. The con-
dition of the professional arts in our affluent
country is not satisfactory.
There are too few Mortimer Hayeses-too
little leadership-and most of all, too little
support for serious artistic endeavors.
We must all work together-in Govern-
ment and out-to foster such artistic and
cultural endeavors.
While I was Secretary of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, I supported the creation
of a Government group-an Advisory Council
on the Arts-for this purpose. President
Kennedy recently created such a council by
executive action.
Now there Is pending before the Senate a
bill of which I am proud to be a cosponsor:
The National Arts and Cultural Develop-
ment Act of 1963. This bill, introduced by
Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY, of Minnesota,
would give the arts in our Nation a healthy
needed boost. Its passage is an end toward
which people like yourselves should strive.
The national arts bill is broader than pre-
vious legislation of this sort. It includes
"the arts" generally. Under its provisions,
aid could go to museum activities, such as
artistic appreciation courses, public lectures
and training classes.
It would give statutory authority to the
President's Advisory Council on the Arts.
And most importantly, it would establish
a National Arts Foundation to provide
grants-In-aid to private groups and States in
support of programs. and projects which will
make a significant public contribution in the
arts.
As you can see, this is an arts bill with real
meaning. ironically, we American realists
live in the only major nation in the Western
World where the Government offers no finan-
cial assistance to the arts.
This bill also would provide a coordinating
group between private and governmental ac-
tivities in the arts which could point out
where official encouragement might be help-
ful, yet which would always be sensitive to
the need for the fullest possible freedom of
creativity.
For in fostering and encouraging the arts,
we must have it strictly understood that
the Government cannot and does not wish
to speak through the arts. The arts must
be free and not an official mouthpiece. A
play is not a state paper. The only test
for an actor or a director or a painter or a
musician should be the excellence of his
endeavor before the judgment of his peers.
Not only must we encourage the arts
generally by giving recognition and encour-
agement by the Federal Government, but
there is a very specific action we can take
of great importance to individual artists.
Too often an artistic career experiences long
months and even years of low income or
even unemployment, and then suddenly
there Is success, and with it high income in
a very short period of time. Our income
tax laws should be changed so that the
burden of this tax does not fall all at one
time. Instead there should be recognition
that sudden income from sale of a book or
a painting often represents years of work,
and the taxation of this income should re-
flect this fact. To accomplish this I will
support a change in our income tax laws
to permit artists to average their incomes
over a reasonable period of years. I am
hopeful. this will become part of the tax
legislation now being considered by Congress.
In this crucial moment when the currents
of history are swift and changing, we who
bear the responsibility of Government seek
to build. We know that the old ways alone
will not do-that we must seek new ways
and find new means.
And all segments of American society are
responding. Each is examining its role and
its potential. Each Is dedicating itself to
constructive action for the common good.
You whose lifework is the arts-you too
are examining your role and your potential.
As we dedicate this hall today, I can ask
no more from you than that you do your
best, in the spirit of the man whose name it
bears-Mortimer Hays.
I ask you to achieve the high levels that
you yourselves value, and to inspire in your
students an appreciation of the enduring
and the beautiful.
I ask you to strive to reflect the times in
which we live-to understand them-to
teach from them-to improve upon them.
We must work to make our arts so rich-so
exciting-so inventive-that they mirror our
life together as did the arts of the Greeks
and of the Elizabethan Age.
For when all is said and done, our culture
will be remembered through the ages not so
much by its material as by its cultural
achievements. It is a matter of high im-
portance that we move as 'a Nation to en-
courage creative minds anyrA thy creative
CRITICISM OF OUR CUBAN POLICY
Mr. FONG. Mr. President, all Ameri-
cans, regardless of party affiliation, want
our foreign policy to succeed. For our
very survival as a nation depends in large
measure on the success of our foreign
relations. -
Traditionally, on foreign policy the
American people rally around their
President, whether he is Republican or
Democrat, in demonstration to the world
of our national unity.
As a U.S. Senator, there are many oc-
casions when I am called upon to support
the President's foreign policies. Where
he was right, I have wholeheartedly sup-
ported him and in many instances I
voted to strengthen his hand.
Where.I thought he was wrong, I have
not hesitated to differ with him. This is
the duty of all Members of Congress.
Though we strive- for unity, the very
substance of our constitutional form of
government insures our. citizens the right
to make independent judgments.
As the late Senator Arthur Vanden-
berg, Republican architect of biparti-
sanship in foreign policy, said:
Frank cooperation and free debate are in-
dispensable to ultimate unity. * * * Every
foreign policy must be totally debated * * *
and the "loyal opposition" is under special
obligation to see that this occurs.
One distinguished Member of the U.S.
Senate, KENNETH B. KEATING, has con-
tributed significantly to the debate over
our Cuban policy as a responsible critic.
An important article assaying Senator
KEATING's nonpartisan criticism has ap-
peared in the May 1963 issue of Reader's
Digest.
. This is an article which I believe is
outstanding for its accurate narration of
the quiet, temperate, but effective way
in which the Senator has alerted the
Nation to the encampment of Soviet
military power only 90 miles from Ameri-
can shores, and the inadequacy of
American policies to meet that threat.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to print in full the text of the article?
"KENNETH KEATING, Critic of. Our Cuban
Policy," by James Daniel, in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From Reader's Digest, May 1963]
KENNETH KEATING, CRITIC OF OUR CUBAN
POLICY
(By James Daniel)
Again, last January and February, contro-
versy flared over Cuba. And again the up-
roar was touched off by Senator KENNETH B.
KEATING, the mild-mannered but intent man
who last fall warned the country that Cuba
was being turned into a Soviet nuclear
missile base. Rising in the Senate on Jan-
uary 31, he sought to correct what he con-
sidered the dangerously complacent view
taken by President Kennedy and the admin-
istration.
Though the President, in his latest press
conference, had minimized the Cuba danger,
saying, "There is no influx of military equip-
ment," KEATING pointed out that Soviet bloc
ships had been arriving in Cuba at a rate
of more than one a day since last October,
often with military .supporting equipment,
such as helicopters. Even as the President
spoke, KEATING said, a Soviet ship laden with
arms was steaming into Cuba. To block
U.S. aerial reconnaissance, the ships unload
at covered docks or by means of trucks low-
ered into the holds. - (These facts were veri-
fied by such sources as the U.S. Navy and
the Maritime Administration.)
To what purpose all this feverish prepara-
tion? Obviously not to attack the United
States directly. KEATING said, "What the
Russians are planning to do-are already do-
ing-is mount an increasing wave of sabo-
tage, terrorism, political subversion. Already
riots in Venezuela, Peru, and Brazil are dem-
onstrably the work of Communists trained
and armed in Cuba. The time will come
when the United States will have to make a
hard choice: either got rid of this advance
Communist arsenal no matter how, or give
up in Latin America. Furthermore, the
Soviets are building Cuba up militarily to
the point where it will be impossible to get
them out with conventional weapons.
Cuba is becoming an impregnable fortress."
As in last October, the latest KEATING blast
provoked instant and indignant denials. In
an effort to make the Republican Senator
eat his hat, the White House staged a tele-
vised photo intelligence briefing by Defense
Secretary Robert McNamara that lasted 1
hour and 45 minutes. Scores of pictures
flashed on the screen. Aerial photographs
showed some missile sites plowed up, some
missiles and missile-supporting equipment
being shipped out. But the pictures also
told another story, an ominous and thought-
provoking one which confirmed KEATING's
charge of a military buildup. They showed
an immense amount of conventional weap-
ons, of the latest Soviet types, including
delta-wing MIG-21 fighters, antiaircraft
rockets, nuclear-capable torpedo boats.
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Yet in spite of all this armament-in spite
of the 17.000 Russian soldiers (plus thou-
sands more Red Chinese troops and Com-
munist-bloc military technicians) then re-
maining-the Secretary of Defense brushed
aside the rest of KEATINo's charge: "I have no
evidence that Cuba is being used as a base
for subversion against other Latin Ameri-
can countries."
Next day at his press conference, President
Kennedy backed up McNamara. What con-
cerned him, the President said, was not so
much the threats of military attack or of
subversion but the basic economic conditions
in Latin America which attracted the Red
adventurers.
The two biggest propaganda guns of the
administration had been brought to bear.
To what effect? KEATINO's fundamental
charge-that Cuba is a base for Communist
subversion and as such a growing threat
to the security of the United States and the
whole hemisphere-stood uncentradicted.
Other voices-not only Republican-now
joined in criticizing the Cuba policy. Sena-
tor JOHN STENNIS, of Mississippi, chairman
of the Senate Preparedness Subcommittee,
declared himself unconvinced by McNamara.
Representative ARMISTEAD I. SELDEN. of Ala-
bama, began a House Inter-American Sub-
committee probe of subversion spreading out
of Cuba. He went to the White House and
spoke bluntly: "Why let people in the CIA
and Pentagon feed the truth about the Red
offensive to KEATING and then watch him tell
it to the Nation? That way you have to
deny, then confirm everything he says. It
would be much better if you put the truth
before the American people yourselves."
When an administration spokesman, Un-
der Secretary of State, George Bail, publicly
appealed to critics to "atop all this talking"
about Cuba policies, Walter Lippmann an-
sewered that he and other pundits had been
badly deceived by the administration's de-
liberate misrepresentations on Cuba last
fall. "This is how Senator KEATING won the
right to be listened to," wrote the dean of
Washington columnists. Approving letters
and telegrams poured into KEATING'S office.
And the White House itself sent CIA Director
McCone over to get KEATING'S off-the-record
recommendations for stronger action in
Cuba.
More important still, the policy of keeping
from the public the frightening facts about
the Soviet-Cuba-based offensive was relaxed.
McCone was allowed to tell the Selden com-
mitee-and the Nation-in flat contradic-
tion of McNamara and in confirmation of
KEATING, "The daily record of events and
our intelligence sources through this hemi-
sphere all agree on one conclusion: Fidel
Castro is spurring and supporting the efforts
of Communists to overthrow and seize con-
trol of the governments in Latin America.
The main thrust is in the supply of the
Inspiration, guidance, training, communica-
tion, and technical assistance that revolu-
tionary groups require. Today the Cuban
effort is far more sophisticated, covert, and
deadly."
It was a rare spectacle: a single U.S. Sen-
ator, not of the majority party and not a
member of any committee directly concerned
with our defense posture, yet commanding
as much public confidence on a vital mat-
ter of national security a&--or more than-
the officials directly entrusted with it. The
situation reflects the deep national concern
over our Cuba policy. Beyond that, it is a
tribute to Senator KEATING himself, to his
conscientiousness and clear-headed integrity,
KENNETH KEATING fits into no pat cate-
gory-neither a liberal nor a conservative,
he says. Born in 1900, the son of a Lima,
N.Y., general storekeeper, KEATING started
school at age 7-in the sixth grade. (Elio
mother had found him so apt a learner that
she began teaching him at home when he
was three.) He was barely 15 when he en-
tered the University of Rochester. After
Harvard Law School, the former boy prodigy
became one of Rochester's most skilled
lawyers.
During World War I he had enlisted, but
Armistice Day came before the young ser-
geant reached the trenches. On December
7, 1941. after hearing the first radio flash
about Pearl Harbor, he told his wife, "I'm
going in." In his last year of service In
India he was executive assistant to the
deputy supreme commander of the South-
east Asia Command. In 1948 he was made
a brigadier general, a rank he still holds.
The war brought KEATING an intensified
Interest in world affairs-and politics.
Elected to Congress in 1946, he served 8
terms In the House of Representatives be-
fore moving to the Senate in 1958.
As a legislator, KEATrNo has amassed a
notable record for attendance and meeting
roll-call votes. As a matter of principle, he
considers it wrong to duck an Issue. Thus
in 1900, for example, he had the Senate's
second-best record for voting and taking a
stand on Issues, while Senator John F. Ken-
nedy of Massachusetts-in hot pursuit of
the presidential nomination-had the sec-
ond worst.
No sudden-born crusader, KxATUso has
long been known for his steady, nonsensa-
tional opposition to expansion of commu-
nism's world influence. East-West trade and
the sale of strategic goods to the Soviet
bloc have been an area of special study and
concern to him. Thus last fail he rapped
Britain for her moves to sell troop-transport
Viscounts to Red China while at the same
time hustling to supply military aid to in-
vaded India.
Another area in which KEATTNG has distin-
guished himself is civil rights. He was the
House author of the 1957 civil rights bill,
first such measure passed by Congress since
the Civil War. And last year when the Ken-
nedy administration was unable to obtain
confirmation of Thurgood Marshall, former
counsel of the NAACP, as a U.S. circuit judge,
it was KEATrNo who flushed the nomination
out of the Dixie-controlled Judiciary Com-
mittee where It had gathered cobwebs for
a year. He did it by rising daily in the Sen-
ate to read the names and the sometimes
less Impressive qualifications of other Judi-
cial nominees whose nominations the com-
mittee had rubber-stamped.
Senator KEATING's criticisms of U.S. policy
on Cuba have been the more telling because
they are clearly-and rigorously-nonpoliti-
cal, nonpartisan. Last October, after Presi-
dent Kennedy at last spoke out on Cuba and
announced a blockade, some Republican cri-
ties grumbled that it was "too little, too
late" and worried about the effect on elec-
tions. Not KEATING. He said, "If the price
the Republicans must pay for the President's
action is the loss of some congressional seats
or some votes, I think It's a pretty small
_
price."
As a member of the Senate Internal Secu-
rity Committee, KEATING was voicing public
concern about the risks of a communist
Cuba 'as early as 1959. In January 1980,
he criticized the Eisenhower administration
for lack of attention to the danger, called
for a "massive reappraisal" of policy, a
"reevaluation and rewriting of the Monroe
Doctrine in terms also of this present inter-
nal threat to our hemisphere." He warned:
"Cuba is nearing an almost complete take-
over by the Communists."
After the 1901 Bay of Pigs disaster, KEAT-
INa was among those who hopefully ap-
plauded President Kennedy's ringing pledge
to "reexamine and reorient our forces of all
kinds, our tactics and our institutions" so
as to keep more Cubas from happening.
But then, last summer, he watched in fas-
cinated horror as the Russians began to
convert Cuba Into a major military base.
In 10 major addresses on the door of the
Senate, KEATn+o detailed each step of the
buildup. His facts were the identical facts
gathered and verified by official Government
sources; they were even more fully available
to the White House than to him; yet they
were ignored and indignantly denied by top
members of the administration.
Since the October crisis-during which
It seemed for a time that the President had
stopped Khrushchev in his tracks-Senator
KEATnwo has watched with mounting uneasi-
ness the steady retreat from Kennedy's strong
original stand. The mile-posts:
(1) Removal of the naval blockade in No-
vember without obtaining the promised on-
site Inspection.
(2) The disbanding of the ransomed Cu-
ban Freedom Fighter brigade, nucleus of any
liberation army.
(3) The emasculation of an order cur-
tailing trade with Cuba. Originally intend-
ed to prohibit a shipping company from
carrying U.S. Government cargo if any of its
ships calls at Cuban ports, the order now
provides merely that the same ship cannot
do both. And even this is not rigidly en-
forced. When the Agriculture Department
threatened to keep the Norwegian freighter
Nora from picking up a cargo of surplus tal-
low at Peekskill, N.Y., because it was engaged
in Cuban trade, the State Department got
the decision reversed.
(4.) The creation in January of a special
task force within the State Department to
Improvise a new Cuban policy. Though the
unit claims carte blanche to recommend ways
of getting rid of Castro, such new policies
as have been disclosed seem to be only the
old policy of containment. As President
Kennedy himself announced at his March
6 press conference, "We feel the wisest policy
is the isolation of communism in this hem-
isphere."
We are now trying to cut off Castro's traf-
fic of Red money, arms and-most important
of all-agents trained by Cuban schools of
subversion. The prospects for success are
not promising. According to Castro's chief
of training, Lionel Soto, Cuba has 351 rev-
olutionary schools with 14,000 students, in-
cluding, as Kennedy admitted, 1,200 who
came last year from other Latin countries.
"Containment Is not a policy," gays KEAT-
ING, "but an acceptance of the status quo
in the pious hope that it -won't get worse-
which it obviously will in Latin America,
once the Communists are assured the United
States has only a do-nothing policy on Cuba.
Someday, unless there Is a sharp change, this
country is going to find the separate pock-
kets of contained communism all joined up
together, and the southern half of this hem-
isphere one huge, boiling Communist cal-
dron.
"I believe that Americans of all parties will
stand behind the President in any firm, real-
Istic step he takes to reverse this trend. And
I believe that If we make our position clear
enough soon enough, leaving no doubt of our
intention to back it up with what it takes,
we can reverse the trend without war."
JAPANESE OPEN DOOR FOR MORE
AMERICAN CONSUMER GOODS
Mr. FONG. Mr. President, several
weeks ago, when I introduced three
studies on the accelerated pace of
Japan's economic growth, I urged that
Japan be more fully integrated into
world trade councils-particularly the
Atlantic community.
I pointed out that, as an outstanding
example of a free economy achieving a
high level of development, Japan is an
admirable bridge between the industrial-
ized Western nations and the develop-
ing African and Asian nations. T said:
America's policies should continue to be
those of encouragement and promotion of
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 12874
ELEVENTH ANNIVERSARY OF COM-
MONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO
(Mr. FARBSTEIN asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include extra-
neous matter.)
Mr. "ARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I am
proud to insert into the RECORD a tele-
gram sent by the mayor of the great city
of New York, the Honorable Robert F.
Wagner to the Honorable Luis Munoz
Marfn,.Governor of Puerto Rico on the
occasion of the 11th anniversary of the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
I consider it a great privilege to' do this
inasmuch as a substantial portion of my
constituency consists of those who were
former residents of Puerto Rico. As
Mayor Wagner says in his message:
The social, economic, and political achieve-
ments of Puerto Rico and Puertoricans are
sources of pride for us all.
Text of telegram follows:
On the occasion of the 11th anniversary
of the Commonwealth, I extend to you and
to Puerto Rico the best wishes of the, 8 mil-
lion people of New York City. So closely
linked together are we in a hundred ways
that today every New Yorker feels closely
related to Puerto Rico, and your inhabitants
in turn consider New York their second
home.
New Yorkers have observed with prideful
wonder the dynamic political. status achieved
by Puerto Rico ii,years ago. There has been
an expanding recognition of this unique
status not only in Washington but through-
out the world.
Similarly dynamic has been the increas-
ing economic interdependence between
Puerto Rico and the mainland.
The social, economic, and political achieve-
ments of Puerto Rico and Puertoricans are
sources of pride for us all and of congratu-
lations to all of you.
Sincerely,
ROBERT F. WAGNER,
Mayor, City of New York,
ever, in fairness, it should be pointed out
that on the Tlpsurge, wholesale and re-
tail price increases had also lagged be-
hind, the sensational increases in raw
sugar prices-which almost doubled be-
tween April 1 and May 23.
Some refiners, I understand, are buy-
ing some raw sugar on long-term pur-
chase commitments at prices above the
level at which they are selling refined
sugar. The entire industry was turned
upside down by the price spiral, and
the consumer has suffered accordingly.
Now that the sugar situation is grad-
ually returning to normal, housewives
should look for further cuts in retail
prices, and I wouldn't be surprised to see
some of the stores once again featuring
sugar as a sales"leader: In the mean-
time, the Subcommittee on Consumer
Affairs intends to follow through with
our study of the factors, including tre-
mendous speculative activity and a great
deal of hoarding, which contributed to
the spiral this spring. We have to know
the history of what has ,happened in
the past in order to prevent similar oc-
currenceq ii the lfuture. ,
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks and include extraneous matter.
Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, in the
short time the Alliance for Progress has
been in existence, over 140,000 homes,
8,200 classrooms 1,500 water systems and
wells, and 900 hospitals and health cen-
ters have been constructed. Although
this represents only the beginning, the
Alliance for Progress should feel very
proud of its success. Its initial emphasis
on the development of institutional
structures for self-sustaining growth
are evident by these visible signs of prog-
ress; 140,000 homes means that 700,000
people were settled in their own dwell-
ings these first 2 years.
Over and above that, this program has
been the first development of a major
and significant nature in 30 years that
our country has made to assert its nat-
ural leadership in the Western Hemi-
sphere. At this crucial juncture' in
which we will soon be debating the fu-
ture development from our standpoint
of the Alliance for Progress, I feel it is
incumbent upon- us to realize some of
the definite strides and successes that
have been made under the leadership
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and Mr. Speaker ,I am including in my re-
was given permission to address the marks a very dramatic and eloquent arti-
House for 1 minute and to revise and cle which appeared recently in a local
extend his remarks.) ' newspaper. It reads as follows:
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak- SELF-AID PROGRAMS URGED ON THE LATINS
er, the traffic in allied ships which con- (By Dan Kurzman)
tinue to call in Cuba now outnumbers President Kennedy valiantly tried to fire
the ships Russia itself is sending to the the hopes and imaginations of the Latin
island. American masses when he announced plans
This shocking new evidence means in early 1961 for an Alliance for Progress
that our allies are now carrying more designed to revolutionise their continent
than half of Russia's supply burden to socially and economically.
Communist Castro. The program, a multination effort, the
It is clear U.S. efforts to discourage President stressed, would be geared primarily
t
allied shipping to Cuba have not been of an
the people, i em the living
reaching achi ng down
down tot the he most
successful.
t
re
e mud-hut village.
PRICE OF RAW "SUGAR FALLS TO 7 remo
In a news conference earlier this The announcement, however, produced
CENTS A POUND month, State Department spokesmen re- relatively little enthusiasm among most Lat-
Mrs, SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, the marked that "regarding the degree of in Americans, who,,, exploited for centuries
cooperation we are receiving we are in by domestic oligarchies and United States
published import price of raw sugar, general satisfied." Well, information I economic interests, have good reason to be
nical.
duty paid, at New York, fell yesterday a have obtained from the Navy and the cy" he Alliance for Progress," one Pana-
half cent a pound to 7 cents. This is good Maritime Administration shows no rec- manian peasant told me several months
news for American housewives and con- ord to be satisfied with. - ago, "has something to do with
sumers. It is a figure only thirty-seven For example, during the month of May " It does not concern politics.
hundredths of a cent higher than the 44 allied ships went to Cuba as compared people like The depend
price last January and within the range to 38 Russian ships. u s convincing oof the humble uay tins In
of the so-called normal Tentative figures on our cnvsuch hmLatins In
price of raw for June show 39 allied ships, as Com- the near future that it does indeed concern
sugar. Futures prices were also down the pared to 31 Russian ships, and July fig- them. How persuasive has the United States m from m
een
fax? a slow start,
the wor s futures aximu d contracthe t, damy e before, an ales ures which are incomplete as yet, -show to beg d allyAmaking headway. it appears
were being made at less than 6 cents a 16 free world ships as compared -to 14 One reason for the slow start is that Alli-
w
pound.
ere Russian vessels. ance officials never have been able to agree
Mr, Speaker, the price of raw sugar Not only does continued allied ship- on how best to channel economic and tech-
ping to Cuba aid the Castro economy, nical aid into the villages and city slums.
reached 13.2 cents a pound on May 23 but allows the Soviets to divert ships Some have stressed long-term economic proj-
when the Subcommittee on Consumer normally employed in Cuban supply runs ects, such as dams, highways, and factories,
Affairs of the House ' Committee on to use in other parts of the world. whose peasants benefits na orke . Others ersp down
em-
Banking and Currency was- assigned by There zed social and projects -hospitals, , schools,
chairman, WRIGHT PATMAN, to continue this s re is shipping. reason for our allies to phasized soc that would have schools,
have a direct
look into the price spiral in sugar. Our people ple want it ng. stopped. have intro- impact son the people.
inquiry is still in progress, as we con- . I have intro- impact on the people.
inlue to piece together the facts behind duced legislation, H.R. 7687, which would At first, the accent was on economic aid,
the fro piece tore in the
sugar prices close U.S. ports to any nation which al- but in the past several months, greater
eery level tastic distribution. lows its ships to go to Cuba. Enactment interest has been manifested,. in the social
of my bill would cut this shipping off. ' aspects of the program. Since the Alliance
Retail prices of sugar have been slow was inaugurated, committed funds intended
in following the wholesale price dawn- at least partly for social purposes have to-
ward, just as the wholesale price has ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS - tales $1.2 billion, slightly more than half of all
aid been slow in following down the reduc- (Mr. GONZALEZ asked and was given TSAlI ancen so far hasin America.
tions in raw sugar quotations. How- produced 140,
000
permission to address the House for 1 houses, 8,200 classrooms, 4 million textbooks,
ks,
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GRESSTONAT. RPmRIl _ T-C TTen 7_7
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 Approved For Release 2004/06/23: CIA-RDP 03838000200240011-4 12873
1963 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - II
for knowledge that must accompany the cause of the shortage of facilities. However, convert the garage and shop areas for aca-
future administrators of the service; (8) to the projected fieldhouse and'renovation of demic use was completed in time for the
provide professional training so that grad- the present gymnasium will serve to remedy opening of the fall term, September 1962.
uates may assume their immediate duties this situation. A noteworthy item men- Equally gratifying was the progress noted
as junior officers afloat. tioned was that more than one-third of the on the enlisted men's barracks building
2. Changes in the curriculum are made cadet corps competes in some form of varsity scheduled for completion in June of this
from time to time with the approval of the or junior varsity athletics during each sea- year. Upon transfer of enlisted personnel to
Academy advisory committee and the Com- son of the year. Approximately three- this new facility, the present Yeaton Hall
mandant of the Coast Guard. The Academy fourths of the athletic coaches are faculty will undergo alterations and conversion from
insists on physical education and an inten- members of academic departments and coach a barracks building to spaces for professional
sive sports program as one of the major part time on a collateral duty basis. The studies. As noted elsewhere in this report,
means of implementing (1) above. Physical objectives of the physical education pro- major Improvements scheduled for the next
education classes are required in all 4 years. gram are to develop and maintain a high fiscal year Include alterations to the present
3. During the past academic year, it was degree of physical fitness, to develop under- Infirmary building and construction of a
reported that Coast Guard Cadets had at- stgnding, appreciation, and skills In a wide field house.
tended and participated in various college variety of sports activities to develop leader- 2. In order to maintain properly the phys-
student conferences in the United States, ship through athletic competition, and to ical plant and to operate efficiently the vari-
among them being the 14th Student Confer- create a desire to enjoy and participate in ex- ous messes, laboratories, shops and equip-
ence at West Point; the Texas A. & M. SCONA ercise and sports throughout an officer's ment at the Academy, the Coast Guard
VIII -Conference at College Station, Tex.; career. Academy maintains a personnel allowance
the Principle College Conference at Eissh, SUMMER TRAINING of 303 enlisted men. Assisting this military
Ill.; the Air Force Academy Assembly In Colo- 1. The instruction cadets receive in pro- force is a group of 57 classified and 41 wage
rado and the Naval Academy's Foreign Af- fessional subjects during the academic year board civil service employees.
fairs~Co.nference at Annapolis, Md. is supplemented by summer programs of MEDICAL DIVISION
4. Members of the Board noted that 217 practical application and professional train- 1. Members of the Board were informed
cadets were named to the academic honors ing, These summer training programs afford that the infirmary is administered by the
cadets opportunities to apply the principles senior medical officer assigned by the Public
196 after the completion , 23 the Cadets were ereere that they have learned in class and to de- Health Service, under the direction of the
n8. for Of this number, velop the basic seagoing proficiency, service Superintendent of the Coast Guard Academy.
named ome high honors awards. This latter competence, and leadership ability needed to This officer has additional duty as senior
distinction requires a semester average of enable them to perform effectively at the medical officer for the U.S. Coast Guard
not less than 90.00. junior officer level. A large part of this Training Station. Groton, Conn.
5. The Superintendent reported that the practical training is accomplished afloat. 2. The primary mission of the infirmary
Academy advisory committee, composed of For this purpose the cadet practice squadron cadets and the supporting
distinguished educators, professional and formed each year consists of the 1,800-ton Is the he carstaff, e re o of and cadetaddition the supporting
businessmen, had concluded its 68th meet- training bark, Eagle, plus two modern class Academy care for the 1d active duty nary
Ing at the Coast Guard Academy during the A Coast Guard cutters. The Eagle is manned m die ct assigned to the training stduty and
period April 1-3, 1963. This committee to and operated almost entirely by Academy Csonn
oast Guard Institute at Groton is pro-
chiefly concerned with matters pertaining to officers and cadets, plus a small unit of en- vMembers of the Board expressed sat-
the curriculum and the faculty. Detailed listed men. The cutters are manned by vided. ided Members the operation a the m d
made by individual members of the their regular operating crews, somewhat re- dIsfaction ivision. It was the consensus that when the
advisory committee to the various academic duced in size, supplemented by cadets and a division. of the iare renovated the
departments and divisions of the Academy few officers from the Academy. steps should the Infirmary ir taken to r renovated to shat
n
insures the. continuing review of the Acad- 2. The Eagle. paid a visit to Washington, quote professional staff to tep rms ofnumber
emy academic program and thereby assists 'D.C. In August of 1962. Members of the competence.
the Superintendent in his efforts to maintain Board who attended the ceremonial visit by and professional comcoNCpetenc
the high standards necessary for educating the President aboard the Eagle remarked that
and training cadets for lifetime careers as this was an occasion long to be remembered. 1. Following the presentation of the Super-
officers in the U.S. Coast Guard. Furthermore, this demonstrated the Presi- intendent's report to the Congressional
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION dent's active interest In the overall program Board, a general discussion period ensued.
1. In discussing the cadet administrative of instruction and leadership training at the Various members of the Superintendent's
division, Board members commented favor- Coast Guard Academy. staff responded to questions from members
ably on the efforts made by the Commandant 3. While the long summer cruise for the of the Board. All Coast Guard participants
of cadets and his staff of company officers first and third classes is in progress, cadets were then excused and the Board of Visitors
to develop in cadets qualities of leadership of the new fourth class undergo an Intensive met in executive session. At the col clusion
and character essential for commissioned ofii- 6-weeks period of military orientation, In- of the executive session of the 1963 Board of
cers in the U.S. Coast Guard. It was pointed doctrtnation and training in basic seaman- Visitors, various cadets met with members
out that the company officer has command ship, physical education, Coast Guard his- of the Board in an informal manner. Fol-
responsibility to the company to which tort and service traditions. Cadets of the lowing this meeting with cadets, the 1963
assigned, including training, administration, second class participate In this program as Congressional Board of Visitors were hon-
discipline, morale, health and welfare. In leaders and Instructors. Additionally, cadets ored by a military review of the cadet corps..
order to develop leadership qualities and of the second class undergo shore base train- 2. The Board of Visitors
to the Sup@t remake
capabilities in the senior cadets, the com- Ing in aviation Indoctrination, combat in- public its appreciation
pany officer supervises the operation of the formation center Instruction and observe ent, Rear Adm. Willard J. Smith, and all
cadet company through the cadet chain of firsthand the operations of a Coast Guard members of his staff, for the efforts made
command. district office, including search and rescue, to maintain the high standards required
2. Cadets attend divine services of their maritime law enforcement, aids to naviga- in all phases of the Coast Guard Academy's
Lion, merchant marine inspection, ocean sta- program. Additionally, members of the
own choosing each week either at the Acad- tion patrol, port security, and military Board extend their thanks to Vice Adm.
emy chapel or at a local church. Prominent readiness. Donald McG. Morrison, Acting Commandant,
religious leaders are often invited to be
present as guest speakers. A Protestant and CADET rlrrANCrAL ADMINISTRATION U.S. Coast Guard, and Capt. Mark A. Whalen,
rendered.
l
Roman Catholic chaplain are assigned to the I. Members of the Board noted with some liaison chairman officer, hairman and or members the as Macke Whalen. would like Academy staff by the U.S. Navy. A local alarm that the estimated balance In a cadet's remark that the highlight would the entire
rabbi, a representative of the Jewish Welfare account has progressively deteriorated over visit was the opportunity to tdirectly
Board, is available for special religious min- the past several years. The balance avail- with cadets and opportunity see ty to talk o the dctly firsthand istry to Jewish personnel. able to a cadet upon graduation is critical cited enthusiasm to these outstanding did young
ATHLErIC ACTIVITIES DIVISION t cth as It should be t cover Americans toward their chosen profession.
the he cost of f necessary Items s of Of officers' uni-
WM.'s. MAILLIARD,
1. The Superintendent reported to the forms and equipment. a modest wardrobe of
Board of Visitors that the philosophy at the civilian clothing, and living expenses during Chairman, Representative from California.
Coast Guard Academy, In relation to athlet- the 30-day graduation leave. Members of THOMAS J. DODD,
ics, recognizes the values of physical activity, the Board recalled that the 1962 Congres- Senator from Connecticut.
teamplay, and competitive sportsmanship, sional Board of Visitors recommendedto the E. L. BARTLETr,
as essential elements of a cadet's education. Department of Defense that the inadequacy Senator from Alaska.
Every cadet 1s required to participate In of present cadet: midshipmen compensation HuaH SCOTT,
either a varsity or an intercompany sport in be remedied. To date, no action has been Senator from Pennsylvania.
two out of the three seasons during the taken on this recommendation. WILLIAM L. ST. ONCE,
sports year. Physical education is compul-
sory for all cadets during the 4-year course PLANT AND PERSONNEL DIVISION Representative from Connecticut.
MINOR rom
of study. Sports activities at the Academy I. The Board of Visitors was pleased to PATRICK from MARTIN,
California.
have been limited somewhat In the past be- note that the last portion of the project to Representative f
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