YOUNG DEMOCRATS URGE TIES WITH CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240003-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: August 20, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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tive and more recent data will show an care.-they already have a far better pro- coverage than medicare. This coverage,
increase in the number of aged with in- gram than is offered by,mealcare. when combined with existing State and
surance as well as a greater percentage 'rne most sigmncant single factor
of the younger persons with both hospital prompting my charge that the problem is
and surgical insurance. transitional is the tremendous increase
A quick- glance at the coverage for in the number of persons covered with
some 'of the younger groups will reveal hospital insurance in the past two
the fact that nearly 75 percent of some decades.
of the groups have hospital insurance The strongest supporters of medicare
argue that private insurance has not met
and nearly 70 percent of these same ,and cannot now meet the ?deeds of our
groups have surgical insurance. Surely people. In rebuttal, I offer the following
'these people do not need or want medi- table,,
Number of people protected for hospital, surgical, regular, and major medical expense, loss
of income, and percent of persons with hospital insurance who also have surgical
insurance and regular medical insurance: United-States, selected years, 19110-60 1
Hospital
expense
local programs, _ should offer, adequate
coverage for the vast majority of the
aged. Children who normally could not
assist their aged parents will be encour-
aged to buy insurance. Another obvious
advantage from the cost standpoint is
that the cost ceiling will be fixed. Rep-
resentative Bow proposed the credit fig-
ure of _$150. -This-means that the cost
to the Government will., be, $150, times the
number o'f aged who T. qualify, which
moneys will not have to be appropriated
by the Congress but will represent cost
to the Government in the form of re-
duction in tax revenues.
3.. , i'F....ti.
Compared to the cost of medicare, this
is a far more desirable approach. The
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare estimates the medicare cost at
$1.1 billion in the first year, and expects
the cost to double in 30 years. Many
qualified observers think that this esti-
mate is unrealistically low. Like nearly
all other Government programs, the
costs exceed the estimates, and the agen-
cies are forced to return to Congress to
ask for supplemental appropriations.
By that time, there is already so much
money tied up in the program that we
have no choice but to make the addi
Loss
of
income
Percent of persons with
hospital insurance who
also have-
Surgical
insurance
Regular
medical
insurance
1940.......................
12,312
5
350
000
3
(2)
43
5
24
4
1945-----------------------
,
32, 068
,
12,890
,
4, 713
------------
------------
(2)
.
40.2
.
14.7
1950-----------------------
76:639
54,166
21,589
37,793
70.7
28.2
1955-----------------------
107, 662
91,927
55,506
5, 241
39, 513
85.4
51.6
1956-------?---------------
115, 049
101,325
64,891
8, 876
41,688
87.4
56.0
1957----------------------
121, 432
108, 931
71,813
13, 262
42,939
89.7.
69.1
1958-----------------------
123,038
111,435
75, 396
17,375
41,870
90.6
61.3
1959-------
127, 896
116, 944
82,615
21, 850
43,169
91.4
64.6
1960-------
131, 962
121,045
87, 541
27, 448
42,436
91.7
66.3
I Adjusted for duplication.
2 Npt available.
Source; Medical Care Financing and. Utilization, Source Book of Data through 1961, prepared by the Health
Economics Branch of the Division of Community Health Services, Department of Health, Education, and welfare,
-published in.1962. .
In 1940, there were over 12 million
persons covered with hospital insurance.
In 10 years, the number had jumped to
nearly 77 million; and by 1960, the num-
ber had again multiplied to over 131 mil-
lion. More significant than this is the
fact that the number of persons with
surgical insurance has made even big-
ger strides. In 1960, over 90 percent of
the persons with hospital insurance also
had surgical insurance coverage. Our
total population in 1960 was approxi-
mately 180 million, out of which 131
million had coverage. This is a substan-
tial percent of coverage.
These statistics indicate to me that
private enterprise, linked with individual
responsibility, will-given time and the
opportunity-solve whatever problem
does remain. This presupposes, of
course, that we can prevent Federal in-
tervention,in this area of American med-
icine.
THERE ARE OTHER PROPQ
PLANS THAT OFFER GREAyTE$ POTENTIAL FOR
SOLVING THE MEDI(A,T,.,FROmEMS OF, TH$
AGED AND THESE PRO
GRAMS WILL GIVE MORE
ASSISTANCE TO MORg PEOPLE; WITH LESS COST
Since medicare is limited to the pay-
ment of hospital expenses only, any in-
surance program designed to_ provide for
other medical expenses,.and drugs neces-
sarily offers greater protection to the pa-
tient. If broad voluntary medical in-
surance can be purchased, this is by far
the best, solution to the problem. The
Federal, State, and local governments
can best meet their responsibilities by
initiation of programs which encourage
incentive, and even assistance to the pa-
? tient fpr the purchase, of his own broad
medical insurance coverage.
tional money available.
Very recently we have heard that the
social security tax will have to be in-
creased to nearly 10 percent just to meet
the present obligation of the program.
If we add on the additional burden of
medicare, we will soon find the tax so
burdensome that the entire program will
collapse under its own weight, or great
financial stress will be placed on the
worker and employer just to pay the so-
cial security tax.
Even former Secretary of Health, Ed-
ucation, and Welfare admitted before
the Ways and Means Committee of the
House of Representatives in July 1961,
that the social security tax was near its
maximum. He stated:
I, for one-and I will say this to you pub-
licly-believe that there is a limit to how
far you can go in social security taxes. It
is my opinion that you are coming to a sit-
uation where you cannot have much more by
way of taxes In a social security program.
Even the Department of Health, Edu-
cation, and Welfare has admitted that
the total disbursements of the old age
and survivors trust fund exceeded the
total receipts by over $1 billion. In 1962
money was available to pay benefits be-
cause we had a fairly large reserve, but
the demands upon the fund are increas-
ing so rapidly that it will soon be de-
pleted unless the revenue is increased
by a tax rate increase or an increase in
the tax base. The chairman of the
House Ways and Means Committee, very
recently introduced a bill-H.R. 6688-
to strengthen the actuarial status of the
trust funds in the social security pro-
gram and to increase the tax base upon
which the tax is assessed. This will up-
set the medicare plans because that pro-
posal called for this increase as a means
of financing the hospital assistance pro-
gram, and already we need to utilize the
increase for present needs.
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Surgical
expense
Regular
medical
expense
The 1962 University of Michigan Sur-
vey of Consumer Finances reports that
57 percent of the persons over 65 had no
medical expense in 1961. Of the 43 per-
cent that reported medical expenditures
in 1961, nearly all reported expenditures
for doctor bills and drugs. Less than
half reported expenditures .for hospital
care. Since our aged incur more doctor
and drug bills, than hospital bills, any
solution we now seek should necessarily
consider doctor and drug expenses as
well as hospital costs.
The general problem of medical as-
sistance for the aged has gccupied the
minds and challenged the talents of
many individuals and organizations for
an extended period of time... As a result,
numerous proposals have been advanced,
some of them by Members of Congress.
One good proposal, the Bow plan, auth-
ored by the distinguished, gentleman
from Ohio, Representative. FRA NX T.
Bow, proposes to give taxpayers a tax
credit for voluntarily providing their
awn insurance coverage. This is not a
tax deduction to reduce the taxable in-
come, but a credit against the assessed
tax. This same tax credit can be given
to the family, relatives, or employees who
provide the insurance protection for their
relatives or retired employees. For those
persons whose income is low and has no
tax liability, the Government will issue
a medical care insurance premium cer-
tificate, with, which the insurance can
be purchased.
The advantages of this type program
are obvious. It protects against Govern-
ment interference with th( doctor, and
individuals_will.voluntarily provide their
own coverage-which will be far better
Major
medical
expense
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14670 C I SIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
the aged, are not completely informed
on medicare. The needs of the aged
have been overplayed, the value of the
medicare plan has been grossly over-
stated, and the people have not been
fully informed of alternative proposals.
My purpose in this somewhat extended
study has been to lay the facts on the
table where all can see them. Readers
will draw different conclusions, but the
most obvious conclusion supports my
original premise that the whole program
Is politically motivated, designed to get
the 171/2 million votes involved or it is
a deliberate and calculated plan to get
the Federal Government in the medical
business or it is a combination of the two.
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr. BURTON. I yield to the gentle-
man from Missouri.
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I want to
compliment the gentleman from Utah on
the obvious research that he has done in
preparing the paper he has made for the
benefit of the House today in an objec-
tive manner. It is important that we do
study this problem from the point of
view of other than those who usually
consider it from one point of view or the
other. Certainly the gentleman in the
well of the House did not do that and I in
commending him would only ask one
additional question to see if his extensive
research has shed any light thereon.
That is, the relatively sad fact that in-
flation or deflation of the dollar, depend-
ing on which view you want to take, has
had on the life savings, the retirement
fund or the security that these people
have laid up for themselves.
Mr. BURTON. I may say to the
gentleman from Missouri I appreciate
his comments. Certainly we are all
aware of the unsalutary effect that in
flation has had on those who have fixed
incomes and those who set aside insur-
ance for old age. But we have not any
data Involved in this study on that.
Mr. HALL. It has always seemed to
me that one of the greatest things that
we as elected Representatives of the peo-
ple could do for those who characteris-
tically and by precept and tradition in
our Nation have secured their own fu-
ture, is to quit washing the foundation
from beneath them by the relative de-
cline of that on which they have hung
their security on the retirement of the
old which we hope so much they enjoy:
Mr. BURTON. I thank the gentle-
man for his contribution.
Mr. HALL. I thank the gentleman for
his erudite statement and for all of the
tables he has inserted, which should be
read and reviewed and considered by all
of the Members of this body.
Mr. BURTON. I thank the gentle-
man.
DENTS" WHO HAVE BEEN IN CUBA
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Alabama [Mr. SELDEN] is
recognized for 5 minutes.
(Mr. SELDEN asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, the fol-
lowing 58 American self-styled "stu-
dents" who have been in Cuba have in-
dicated they expect to return to the
United States in the near future : Anatole
Ben Anton,_ Michael David- Brown,
Charles Nicholas Buchanan, Luria Hu-
berta Castel], John Henry Coatsworth,
Wayne Berkeley Combash, Salvatore J.
Cucchiari, Robert Wayne Davis, Dorothy
Mae Denton, Helen Arlene Driggs, Step-
-hen E. Driggs, Carol Beral Esteves, Elena
B. Fleming, and Linda Bonny Fleming.
John Robert Glenn, Elinor Ruth Gold-
stein, Marcus R. Gordon, Marcia Haag,
Barry Hoffman, Clara Dee Jencks, Clin-
ton Michael Jencks, Eric Davis Johnson,
Robert Kaffke, Peter John Karman, Ann
Gail Kyllingstad, James Lee Lacy, Lee
Levi Laub, Jose Maria Lima, Frances
Irene Luce, and Phillip Abbott Luce.
Albert Lasater Maher, Stefan Mar-
tinot, Mabel Cynthia May, John Milton,
Wendie Suzuko Nakashima, Martin A.
Nicolaus, Elena Victoria Ortiz, Theodore
A. Ostrow, Larry Wilford Phelps, Cath-
erine Jo Prensky, Dan Rainman, Chris-
tian Lee Raisner, Lillian Redfern, Rich-
ard D. Reimann, and Joseph Steven Rex.
John Frederick Salter, Ellen Irene
Shallit, Allan Creighton Sheffield, John
Ramer Shertill, :Ethoden Hilton Smith,
Patricia Ann Sopiak, Christopher Todd
Stuart, Roger H. Taus, John Wayne
Thomas, Richard Thorne, Mark Tish-
man, Richard Valez, and Carol Ann Wil-
liams.
The 59th American, Hector Warren
Hill, died shortly after his arrival in
Cuba.
While it is surprising that these 58 are
returning from the Cuba they have pro-
claimed in Costro-sponsored propaganda
announcements as an island paradise for
democracy, their return In itself will be
a violation of the law governing the use
of passports. Procedurally, the Depart-
mentof State will invalidate their pass-
ports and turn the flies over to the Jus-
tice Department for possible prosecution.
The Illicit trip: to Cuba was an affair
well organized and obviously pre-
planned by professionals. The Depart-
ment of State announced on June 26,
1963, that the American students had
been offered subsidized travel grants
from an agency of the Cuban Govern-
ment-Federation of University Students
in Havana-for travel to Cuba during
July of 1963.
This is not to assert that all the stu-
dents can be so categorized. Rather it
is to assert that previous examples of
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr,
professional
doctrinaire
LIBONATI). Under previous order of the tactics of Cuba a made subversion it and
unlikely that
that
House, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. the group is atypical group of American
FEIGHAN] is recognized. students.
[Mr. FEIGHAN' addressed the House. If the students were ignorant of the
His remarks will appear hereafter in the law prohibiting Cuban travel without the
Appendix.] proper visa before leaving, they were
August 20
soon enlightened. No less than four
times during their trip-at Paris, Lon-
don, Prague, and Amsterdam-the stu-
dents were confronted with written
statements and oral presentations by
Department of State officials. The De-
partment warned them that travel to
Cuba by a U.S. citizen without a passport
specifically validated by the State De-
partment for that purpose 'constituted
a violation of the travel control law and
regulations-title 8 United States Code,
section 1185; title 22 Code of Federal
Regulations, section 53.3. It was
stressed that a willful violation of this
law was punishable by a maximum of a
$5,000 fine and/or 5 years imprisonment.
In March, after extensive hearings, the
House Subcommittee on Inter-American
Affairs, of which I am chairman, released
evidence that Cuba serves as an indoctri-
nation and staging area for a wave of
Communist sabotage and subversion.
The subcommittee-and later the Orga-
nization of American States-recom-
mended that all Western Hemisphere
countries forbid travel to this hem-
isphere's beachhead of communism,
Also this spring, the Central American
heads of state joined with President
Kennedy at their meeting In Costa Rica
in agreeing to curtail Communist traffic
and funds from Cuba to other nations of
the hemisphere.
It may prove difficult, however, for the
United States to influence other govern-
ments to enact bans on Cuban travel if
our own restrictions are not adequately
enforced. The language of our law is
clear, and under this law each student
upon his return to the United States can
be punished by imprisonment or fines, or
both.
These students, In my opinion, should
be prosecuted for what they were clearly
warned would be a violation of our laws.
Failure to prosecute would not only lead
to similar trips to Cuba planned by pro-
Castro organizations, but our efforts to
secure the cooperation of other Latin
American countries to fight Communist
subversion and infiltration would be
greatly hampered.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
LIBONATI). Under previous order of the
House, the gentleman from Ohio [Mr.
AsHBROOx] is recognized for 30 minutes.
[Mr. ASHBROOK addressed the
House. His remarks will appear here-
after in the Appendix. ]
LEAVE OF ABSENCE
By unanimous consent, leave of ab-
sence was granted to:
Mr. ELLSWORTH (at the request of Mr.
HALLECK) for today on account of official
business.
SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED
By unanimous consent, permission to
address the House, following the legisla-
tive program and any special orders
heretofore entered, was granted to:
Mr. SELDEN, for 5 minutes, today, and
to revise and extend his remarks.
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CONg4gWONAL RECORD - SENATE
economic rights,, as the Presidett.;low. of the Supreme Court in Brown against
der the directives alxendy issued by him tion of what school a child shall attend is
without any authority from Congress. left to the child and his parents
The
.
The Government, could-- 'equire . people decision does not belong to the Federal
to, surrender tlie, fight to determine .to Government. Yet, under the terms of
Whom they shall sell or rent their i1ouses, the bill, the Federal Government could
if they participate in the ho4ising ?pro- usurp the right of the child or its parents
gram. If a veteran slijuldborrow.money to determine that question.
ul der tlle?Vetiera S J,o n 'ui dAct, the indeed, it could ignore the desires of
veteran cciuld be~.Iequired to_surrender the child or its parents, determine how
in &dvehee as ,a condition to obtaining the right of the child or its parents is
the loan, the 'right to determine to whom to be exercised.
he would dell or lease or rent, his house, Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Would it-be
Under the bill, the President would, be possible, under title VI, for the Federal
,permitted tp use uhtaid billion
_s of. dollars. Government to hold up funds for
Qfr Con?essional- gppropriations for _tl?e programs completely unrelated to
purpose . of bribing orw coercing parties education?
into surrender of xesnomio" ,rights, of
personal rights, of legal rights, and of
property rights which have always been
dear to the American" people.
Mr. JOHNSTQrt, f am associated
with two denominational institutions. I
am very much interested, in possible of-
fects on such denomiriatipnal
tions nstitu-
.
If the bill were to pass, since the States
in most instances,. exempt the denomina-
tional institutions from paying taxes, in
the future -If they were to do any kind
of. business with. the'ederal_ Govern-
ment, does the Senator tb1nk the Fed-
eral Government could. teil,themhow to
operate their institutions?,
Mr, ERV N, If they were participat-
ing in, any federally assisted programs
or activities, the Federal Government
could, even tell tkem whom they should
hire on their ffaeulties,, uradex_ the ter Ms
of the 'bill, that could be.if the - la ederal
Government thought it necessary to pre-
vent dsc~rmination, because of race, or
color or religion or national. origin.
Under the bill, the Federal Govern-
ment would have the power to go into _a
religiously affiliated college participating
in a federally assisted, program and die
tate that the college should take on the
faculty some person who did not enter-
tain the religion of those who supported
that institution, if it concluded such ac-
tlon to be -appropriate to prevent clie
crilnination gn the ground of creed. The
bill would prohibit not only racial dis-
crimination, but also discrimination on
account of one's creed..
Title VT is the,. most expansive blue-
print for governmental tyranny which
has ever been. conceived in the mind, of
any mane on the North American
Continent.
Mr. JOHNSTON, I thaa the Senator
for'his answers,
Mr. LONG of Louisiana.. Mr-Presi-
dent, will the Senator yield?
Mr. ERVIN, I yield, fora question.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. May I ask
the Senator f roiA, North Carolina if,
under, so-called-title V,.f, a.great number
Of innocent persons, would "be Made_ to
surer from decisions iu regard to_ which
they had no power to act whatever?,
Mr. ERVIN. There is. _no question
whatsoever about that. For example,
under title VI the Federal Government
could withhold funds ,or .schQpl aid to
schools in an impacted, area because the
Federal Government wanted the schools
to be desegregated. Under the decision
Mr. ERVIN. Yes.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Even
though the complaint had nothing to do
with the failure of a State to put a cer-
tain child in a certain school or place?
Mr. ERVIN. There is absolutely no
limitation on the, power that the bill
would vest in the federal Government in
respect to federally assisted programs or
activities insofar as racial relations, or
religious relations, or questions of na-
tional origin are concerned.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Would it be
possible under this program for the Fed-
eral Government to hold up funds, let us
say, for aid to the aged, the disabled,
and dependent children, because there
was a practice of social segregation in
restaurants in a State?_
Mr. ERVIN. No; not to that extent.
Title II of the bill would cover such prac-
tices in restaurants, but the power given
to the Federal Government under title
VI applies only to programs or activities
which are federally assisted from the
financial viewpoint. However, that in-
cludes virtually every program or activ-
ity in which the Federal Government
participates in any way.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Would the
Senator mind giving me an example of
how this mechanization could be trig-
gered to out off funds for the needy, the
aged, dependent children, and the blind?
Mr. ERVIN. Under title VI, the Fed-
eral Government would have the power
to cut off all Federal grants to a State
under the Old-Age Assistance Act if it
found that some individuals under the
program were being discriminated
against because of race or religion. Such
action would cut off aid for the innocent
to punish the allegedly guilty.
No further laws are needed in order
to deal with any State or local official for
denying any individual any right or priv-
ilege in any federally assisted program
or activity. Under section 242 of title 18
of the United States Code, which was
put on the law books long before the
Senator from Louisiana and I were born,
a State or local official who wilfully
denies to any person, because of race or
religion or national origin, or because of
any other reason, or lack of reason, any
right or privilege such person has under
any act of Congress, is subject to prose-
cution and, upon conviction, can be fined
and imprisoned.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I thank the
Senator.
c MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE -
A message from the House of Repre-
sentatives, by Mr. Hackney, one of its
reading clerks, announced that the House
had passed, without amendment, the
following bill and joint resolution of the
Senate:
.9.1066. A bill for the relief of the E. L. K.
WITH CUBA
Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, in last
night's Washington Evening Star ap-
peared an article captioned "Democrats
Urge Ties With Cuba." I read the arti-
cle with profound shock, because the
article states that at a convention of
Young Democrats from 13 Western
States at Berkeley, Calif., yesterday, sev-
eral resolutions were adopted, including
these; . That .the United States resume
diplomatic relations with Cuba; that a
nonaggression pact be signed between
NATO and Communist Warsaw pact
nations; that the United States with-
draw its troops from South Vietnam;
that the House Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities be abolished; and that
the McCarran Internal Security Act be
repealed.
I trust these views are not shared by
the leaders of the Democratic Party in
Washington. I am sure that all Sena-
tors await with a great interest and ex-
pectation a clear repudiation of these
resolutions by what I am afraid was a
most irresponsible meeting of irresponsi-
ble young people.
I ask unanimous consent that the arti-
cle be printed in the RECORD at this point
in my remarks.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
DEMOCRATS URGE TIES WITH CUBA
BERKELEY, CALIF., August 19.-Young
Democrats from 13 Western States ended
their convention in Berkeley yesterday with
resolutions concerning Cuba, civil rights
and American milt ry deployment.
A total of 32 resolutions demanded, among
other things, that the United states resume
diplomatic relations with Cuba, that the Au-
gust 28 Negro civil rights parade on Wash-
ington be "carried out as planned," that a
nonaggression pact be signed between NATO
and Communist Warsaw Pact nations and
that the United States withdraw its troops
from South Vietnam.
Other points covered included demands for
the abolition of the House Committee on
Un-American Activities, repeal of the McCar-
ran Internal Security Act, revision of the
McWarran-Walter Immigration Act, the eli-
mination of compulsory arbitration in strikes
and abolition of the death penalty.
The delegates condemned various organi-
zations, the aim of which they said, is to
limit the civil rights of nonwhites. These
included, the Young Democrats said, the
John Birch Society, the Americans for Con-
stitutional Action and the Christian Cru-
sade.
HARASSMENT OF SOVIET JEWS
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, a news
dispatch from Moscow discloses that the
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CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD - SENATE A' tgust 20
Soviet Union has uncovered a new way to
harass Jews-the Kremlin now denies
Orthodox Jews the right to be buried in
consecrated cemeteries. This is a basic
right which was never denied Jews even
in the darkest periods of the Middle
Ages.
This latest Soviet action marks con-
tinuation of the Soviet Union's drive
against Jews, and it calls for renewed
protests by religious organizations and
leading citizens throughout the world.
At a time when the Soviet Union says it
is seeking to relieve the tensions of the
cold war, it should be made aware that
world publicopinion condemns unequiv-
ocally a course of action as vicious and
unreasoning as this deliberate indignity
to a people because of their religion.
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the RECORD the news report
headline "Jews Denied Cemeteries in
Moscow," which appeared in the Wash-
ington Post, September 16.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
JEWS DENIED CEMETERIES IN MOSCOW
Moscow, August 15.-A new kind of spirit-
ual setback has developed for the religious
Jews of Moscow.
For the first time in memory, Jews who
die here are being denied burial in the con-
secrated ground of a Jewish cemetery. In-
stead-they are buried now in a general civil
cemetery, among atheists and non-Jews.
. To orthodox Jews, for whom burial in a
Jewish cemetery is an ancient religious man-
date, new municipal regulations come as a
crushing development in deteriorating rela-
tions with the Communist regime.- Jewish
scholars have long regarded consecrated
burial as basic, and even the millions of
Jews slaughtered during World War II were
symbolically reburied in Jewish cemeteries.
All attempts by the Jewish community in
Moscow to reverse the new measures have
been rejected by Soviet authorities, well-
informed sources said Thursday.
The current situation developed when
Moscow's 40-year-old Jewish cemetery began
filling to capacity, and Soviet officials refused
to set aside additional land for a distinctly
Jewish burial place.
ECONOMIC FACTOkS VITAL ELE-
MENT IN NEGRO DISCONTENT
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, during
the recent hearings before the Manpower
Subcommittee of the Senate Labor and
Public Welfare Committee, of - which I
am a member, highly significant testi-
mony was presented by Mr. Herman P.
Miller, of the Census Bureau, about the
deepest sources of Negro discontent. An
article in the New York Times of August
. 18, 1963, describes Mr. Miller's testimony
and concludes:
The Negro revolt has many causes, but its
basic power Is that of the force of economic
wretchedness.
The Census Bureau testimony fully
supports this thesis and, as the article
points out:
Disputes the widespread impression that
the relative position of the Negro in the
affluent society has improved in recent years.
I ask unanimous cor;sent that the
Times article be printed in the RECORD
at this point in my remarks.
There being no objection, the article groes as the American economy has moved
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, away from agriculture and become more
as follows: complex and industrialized. As a result,
Negroes, who were once highly concentrated
[From the New York Times, Aug. 18, 19631 in sharecropping and farm labor, have now
ECONOMIC FACTORS UNDERLIE NEGRO DISCON- moved up- to unskilled and semiskilled fac-
TENT-ELIMINATION OF JOBS THROUGH tory jobs; some have moved into white-col-
AUTOMATION IS SHARPENING PROBLEM OF lar employment. But there has been a paral-
EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION AGAINST lel upgrading of jobs held by whites.
WASHINGTON, August 17.-The United
States is undergoing two- internal revolu-
tions. One is the Negro revolt. The other is
technological. It is not coincidental that
they have arrived together.
The Negro revolt has many causes, but its
basic power is that of the force of economic
wretchedness. It is this wretchedness that
technological change is threatening to ex-
acerbate beyond endurance by automating
out of existence many of the unskilled and
skilled jobs Negroes hold.
That the Negro community is in the throes
of profound economic crisis is evident from
the unemployment figures.
Making up less than 10 percent of the
country's labor force, Negroes account for 20
percent of its unemployment. Nearly a
quarter of those out of work for more than
half a year are Negroes.
In July-the most recent month for which
comparable figures are available-the job-
less rate among white workers was 5.1 per-
cent; among Negroes it was 11.2 percent.
Unemployment of those proportions, were
it general, would be a national catastrophe.
The economic vulnerability of Negroes is
inherent in their employment pattern. In
turn, that pattern is the product of years of
discrimination, not only in employment, but
also in education, training, and referral to
jobs.
POSITION VULNERABLE
For, the most part, Negroes hold low-paid
jobs. Where they do hold reasonably well
paid jobs in industry, they occupy mostly
positions that are routine and repetitive and,
consequently, lend themselves to being taken
over by machines.
Nearly 15 percent of all employed Negroes
still work on farms. Only 5 percent of all
white workers do. Nearly 15 percent of the
employed Negroes work in private house-
holds, but only 2 percent of the white work-
ers do.
Only 2 percent of all Negro workers are
tec':nicians, while 8 percent of the white
"The real question is whether the relative
upward movement has been faster for non-
whites than for whites. In most States
the nonwhite male now hasabout the same
occupational distribution relative to whites
that he had in 1940 and 1950."
Other measures bear out the point.
The income gap between whites and Ne-
groes narrowed during World War II be-
cause of war-induced shortages of unskilled
labor, Mr. Miller found. In the last decade,
however, there has been no change in in-
come differential between the two groups.
The median pay of the Negro worker has re-
mained stuck at about 55 percent of the
white.
The disparity is further illustrated.
Negroes who have not gone beyond eighth
grade have little chance of becoming any-
thing higher up the occupatioial ladder than
a porter, a laborer, or an assembly line
worker.
Negro college graduates at first glance seem
to do much better. Three in four were pro-
fessional or managerial workers-nearly the
same proportion as among white college
graduates. But the appearance of equality
is illusory. The Negroes were concentrated
in lower paid jobs.
In terms of income, Mr. Miller found that
this boiled down to the fact that the average
Negro college graduate could expect to earn
less over his lifetime than the white who did
not go beyond eighth grade.
The obvious answer to the Negro dilemma
is deceptively simple: Open up jobs to Ne-
groes and equip Negroes to fill them.
The first hard fact, however, is that there
are not enough jobs to go around. The
economy has been producing jobs at a lag-
ging rate. Unemployment has been stuck
at well above 5 percent of the work force for
more than 5 years and shows no signs of
sinking to more tolerable levels soon.
So the Negro's fight is bound inextricably
to improving the economy's general per-
formance and this does not seem to be hap-
pening very fast.
INCENTIVE LACKING
workers are inthese rapidly-expanding occu- The educational level of Negroes is still far
pat',Nns. Only 7 percent of the Negroes are lower than whites and the gap is not shrink.
clerks, compared to 16 percent of the whites, ing.
and so on. Because of the stralted circumstances of
The evidence is mounting that the situa- their families, many Negro children have to
tion of Negroes in relation to whites has been leave school early. This perpetuates the
steadily deteriorating. vicious circle.
A recent Labor Department study showed To attack these problems, Negro leaders
that in the years right after World War II are urging enactment of enforcible Federal
the Negro unemployment rate averaged fair employment practices legislation. Not
about 60 percent above the white rate. But only should this open up jobs, but it should
since 1954 it has been consistently twice as provide Negro children with the hope neces-
high. - sary to sustain their motivation, the leaders
A study by Herman P. Miller of the Census contend.
Bureau, issued this month, brought the Ne- CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL
gro dilemma sharply into focus. There is not much expectation that such
Mr. Miller disputes the widespread impres- legislation will pass Congress this year.
sion that- the relative position of the Negro The administration has recommended an
in the affluent society has improved In re- increase in Federal aid to vocational educa-
cent years. In relation to whites, he argues, tion and in the Federal manpower retraining
the Negro's position has not improved for program. But there is grave doubt among
two decades. many familiar with the problem whether
MOBILITY HELPFUL these measures, if enacted, will make much
While it is true, Mr. Miller says, that Ne-. Of a dent.
groes have raised their occupational levels To redeem large masses of unskilled, un-
faster than whites, this has been because educated workers who have. become virtually
they have moved from the rural South to the unemployed and to prevent hundreds of
urban industrial North, not because of any thousands of children from poor families
major improvements in job opportunities. from falling prey to the same ills is going
Mr. Miller puts it this way: to take far more work and money than the
"There has been a general upgrading of country has grasped, many Negro leaders
occupational skills for both whites and Ne- believe.
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 1963
ApprovRR",1~4i"]k?IA.PA*WQ3R000200240003-3 A"
Boyd's Board in Blunderland
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. TORBERT H. MACDONALD
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 21, 1963
Mr. MACDONALD. Mr. Speaker, the
Civil Aeronautics Board is in the midst
of another blunder. This time the blun-
der is a multimillion one. This Boyd
Board blunder directly involves the live-
lihood of 2,100 Northeast Airline em-
ployees and irrevocably injures the air
service presently being enjoyed by the
entire Eastern Seaboard.
The Boyd Board decision, a tragic
comedy of error in reasoning, is a mat-
ter of grave concern to the people of
New England. The present availability
of air transportation has enhanced the
Greater Boston area as one of the fore-
most educational, cultural, scientific and
medical centers of the world. Air trans-
portation by three major carriers has
helped to make tourism the third largest
industry in Massachusetts and the main-
stay of the summer economy of Maine,
New Hampshire and Vermont. All the
taxpayers of the United States, along
with the traveling public in`the'Eastern
Seaboard, have just cause for alarm over
a 3-2 Civil Aeronautics Board decision
denying Northeast Airlines all routes
south of New York.
With his right hand, Chairman Boyd,
together with two other members of the
Civil Aeronautics Board, has taken away
Northeast Airline's only lucrative runs.
With his left hand, Boyd has gently pat-
ted Northeast Airlines and its 2,100 em-
ployees with the false reassurance:
"Don't worry, the taxpayers of the
United States will now subsidize you as
a regional carrier." Chairman Boyd's
proposed subsidy represents a cost of at
least $3.7 million of the taxpayers
money. This figure, while being Mr.
Boyd's estimate, could possibly exceed
$4.5 million, according to the testimony
of record in the Board proceeding. The
$3.7-$4.5 million price tag is only
one aspect of the multimillion-dollar
loss engendered by the Boyd Board de-
cision. Chairman Boyd failed to note
that Northeast Airlines had saved the
taxpayers of the United States some $15
million as a result of their subsidy-free
operation of its New England routes
during the past 7 years.
The timing of the Civil Aeronautics
Board pronouncements is open to serious
question. In 1962, the Civil Aeronautics
Board approved the acquisition of North-
east Airlines by the Hughes Tool Co. on
"final" decision on the Northeast Air-
lines case at 10 minutes of 10 on Thurs-
day morning, August 15, 1963. At 10
o'clock that same day, the Senate Avi-
ation Committee was scheduled to hold a
hearing on airline service to the New
England States.
After reading and rereading the Boyd
majority opinion, I was shocked and dis-
mayed with the shallow and short-
sighted reasoning expressed by the
Chairman of this quasijudicial agency
entrusted with a congressional mandate
to safeguard. the public interest. The
Washington Post, certainly a neutral in
this matter, in an editorial of August 17,
1963, entitled "Airline Amputation,"
stated:
Issuing what amounts to a death sentence
for an airline which has reduced fares and
has been holding its own in the vigorous
competition for traffic on the Florida route
is a step that should not have been taken
without a closely reasoned explanation.
Instead of a "closely reasoned explana-
tion," the Boyd majority opinion is a
tremendous display of illogic, incon-
sistency, and absurdity. The minority
opinion correctly concludes:
The majority decision does not rest upon
any major policy grounds. It does not go
beyond holding that Northeast shall not be
permitted now, and now only, to furnish
services in the Boston-New York-Florida
markets. It establishes no guidelines, which
the industry has a right to expect, as to the
degree of competition which the Board will
be prepared to consider seriously tomorrow
or in the days thereafter.
In order to arrive at its decision,
"Boyd's Board in blunderland" opinion
is a classic example of circuitous reason-
ing which undermines past CAB policy
and puts a dark cloud on the future of
adequate airline service to the people of
New England. The CAB's statutory
mandate is to apply the test of public
convenience and necessity. The Boyd
Board's policy in this case does the direct
opposite. Instead of carrying out the
policy of giving maximum service to the
public and assuring a minimum subsidy
wherever possible, the Boyd decision
drastically minimizes service to the pub-
lic and greatly maximizes the need for
subsidy.
The policy of the President's Inter-
agency Group on Transportation calls
for the preservation of competition
where the traffic density can support it.
The Boyd majority opinion, in complete "Boyd Board's blunder" by the Legisla-
disregard of the facts presented at the tive oversight Committee is in order un-
hearing, promotes monopoly in the air less the Board reconsiders this decision.
routes on the eastern seaboard. The The Legislative Oversight Committee was
Boyd decision reverses the longstanding specifically set up by Congress to over-
policy of the Civil Aeronautics Board of see the operations of the so-called inde-
promoting multiline competition on all pendent agencies such as the Civil Aero-
major routes. Under this policy, the nautics Board and an investigation of
Civil Aeronautics Board has added a the real reasons behind this erratic de-
line's financial prospects. On July 22, third competitive carrier to the 13 cision would certainly be in order.
and I point out The Boyd Board decision places an
the Hughes Tool Co. announced routes in recent years
1963
,
,
that it had put up $26 million to take that all of them are in smaller markets additional burden on the taxpayers of
care of Northeast's debt. Instead of than this one. The two dissenting mem- New England on the rest of the United
proceeding to examine the effect of this tiers of the Board, relying on the facts States while at the same time reducing
major refinancing, the Boyd Board is- the air carrier service they now enjoy.
sued a press release only 4 days later on presented at the hearing, concluded that The Boyd Board decision is a disastrous
July 26, 1963, and announced their in- a third carrier is required as the need for giant step backward on the promotion of
tention to deny Northeast of all routes service has greatly increased since North- a healthy and competitive public serv-
south of New York. To add insult to east's Florida operation was first ap- ice air system for the people of New
injury, the Boyd Board delivered its proved by a unanimous board. England.
Chairman Boyd stated that the public
benefits anticipated when temporary
certification was granted to Northeast
have not materialized. The facts pre-
sented at the hearing indicate that the
direct opposite conclusion is true. The
record shows that there are more non-
stop flights in Florida operating now
than when Northeast received its tem-
porary certification. The record also
shows that more cities are being served
along the Florida route. The competi-
tion engendered by Northeast Airlines
has forced National and Eastern to
double their schedules. As a result of
this competition, the public has been al-
lowed to fly south at convenient times
and at prices it can afford to pay. As
the dissenting Board members pointed
out, the majority opinion now turns the
clock back to 1956 with the same stulti-
fying effects on the market which were
present that year. The Boyd decision
also results in turning over this recently
developed and expanding market to just
two carriers as a "captive market." Most
important, the Boyd decision may strike
the death knell for the demise of North-
east Airlines as an operating carrier.
Mr. Boyd also stated that the decision
is based on the ground that future pros-
pects for Northeast Airlines are not fi-
nancially sound. The financial status of
Northeast Airlines is not a unique one.
It has been shared at various times by
one or both of the carriers that are com-
peting with it on the Florida route.
Many of Northeast's financial difficulties
were caused by the uncertainties brought
about by the Board's temporary certifica-
tion. In handing down the majority de-
cision, Chairman Boyd has failed to take
into proper consideration that crucial
fact that major refinancing actions had
been taken by the Hughes Tool Co.
The Boyd opinion takes away from
Northeast the only route over which it
can hope to make any profit. The only
sentence of the Boyd decision which
smacks of reality is the majority opin-
ion's gross understatement that this ac-
tion "will inevitably have adverse effects
on its (Northeast's) employees, the New
England communities in which those em-
ployees reside, its creditors and its
stockholders." The effect on public air
service on the East Coast and on the tax-
payers of the United States is a stag-
gering one.
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 -M372 Approved For ReI BK2Q$ MLCj&tMPIUBQ 3V"0240003-3
Bonneville Invades Southern Idaho
, EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 21, 1963
Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, this is the
30th of a series of articles on why Bon-
neville's multimillion-dollar annual
losses and areas of substantial and
persistent unemployment are not wanted
in southern Idaho.
In yesterday's article I pointed out
that the flood of letters I am receiving
from southern Idahoans expressing their
emphatic opposition to the Bonneville
invasion of southern Idaho came from
all walks of life. In view of the increas-
ing number of letters coming in, I shall
include several letters, editorials or state-
ments in each of my future articles.
The letterhead of the Gem County
Chamber of Commerce classes that
county as a beautiful, prosperous land,
whose friendly people welcome you. Mr.
Lovell, president of the board of-direc-
tors of the Gem County Chamber of
Commerce, informs me in his letter of
August 6, 1963, that the board of direc-
tors have gone on record in opposition
to the Bonneville invasion of southern
Idaho. It appears that they have no
desire to import areas of substantial and
persistent unemployment that now
plague the Bonneville area into their
area of beautiful prosperous land. I am
sure they know full well that each addi-
tional extension of the socialistic Federal
power empire is but the forerunner of
more Federal dictation in this and re-
lated fields.
Undoubtedly, most of the members of
the Gem County Chamber of Commerce
are hardheaded businessmen and farm-
ers that know you cannot sell a product
for less than it costs without eventually
going out of busines or having someone
else pick up the check. When the Fed-
eral Government with its tax-free and
less-than-true interest cost operation
competes with taxpaying private in-
dustry, it does so at an unfair and in-
defensible advantage. Of course, the tax
loss, and the unpaid interest cost are
subsidized by the Nations' taxpayers.
Mr. Lovell's letter follows:
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE,
Emmett, Idaho, August 6, 1963.
Hon. JOHN P. SAYLOR,
U.S. House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: Regarding the Bonneville Power
Administration's inclusion of southern Idaho
in its marketing area: We of the Gem County
Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors,
have gone on record as opposed to BPA in-
cluding southern Idaho in its marketing
area. Our feeling is that private enterprise
is not to be invaded by Government, other
than by regulatory laws; that taxpaying pri-
vate industry can and should furnish this
service.
Respectfully,
W. F. LOVELL,
President.
In looking over the pile of editorials,
articles and letters expressing opposition
to the Bonneville invasion of southern
Idaho, I find another chamber of com-
merce has gone on record on the matter.
An article from the Independent Enter-
prise of Payette, Idaho, on June 6, 1963,
reported the unanimous resolution of the
Payette Chamber of Commerce voicing
its opposition to the Bonneville invasion
of southern Idaho. The article follows:
BONNEVILLE OPPOSITION REGISTERED BY
CHAMBER
At last week's regular monthly Payette
Chamber of Commerce luncheon meeting
held at Maudie Owens Cafe the group passed
a unanimous resolution voicing its opposi-
tion to the Government's proposed Bonne-
ville Power project for southern Idaho.
In a prepared resolution to be forwarded
to each of Idaho's congressional representa-
tives the chamber urges them to make a
more thorough investigation into the proj-
ect. Following is the resolution in its
entirety:
"At the regular monthly meeting of the
Payette Chamber of Commerce, held May 29,
1963, the following resolution was unani-
mously passed.
"The Payette Chamber of Commerce very
strongly opposes the order of Secretary
Udall proclaiming southern Idaho a part of
-the Bonneville Power, marketing area. The
order was issued without congressional con-
sideration based on a ;'.easibility study that
was not made public. It is a further trend
toward Federal bureaucratic domination of
water resources, of irrigation, and of agricul-
ture.
"We sincerely urge that you investigate
more thoroughly the project to bring
Bonneville power into southern Idaho.
"We are aware that it runs counter to
President Kennedy's announced policy of not
sponsoring projects which privatetaxpaying
industry Is able and willing to undertake.
Southern Idaho has ample electric power as
shown by past and planned future develop-
ment. .The duplication of expensive trans-
mission lines is anything but good business.
"Bureaucratic dictatorship is not needed
and certainly is not wanted.
"A. R. MEGORDEN,
"Secretary,
Payette Chamber of Commerce."
Another letter from southern Idaho is
Mr. Everett Hustead's letter to me
dated July 31, 1963. It is short but to
the point. The slogan he quotes indi-
cates that he does not believe Bonne-
ville power would be of any value to
southern Idaho or to the seed and grain
business with which he is connected.
His letter follows:
BUHL, IDAHO, .
July 31, 1963.
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.Ib.
DEAR MR. SAYLOR: Bonneville. Please in-
clude us out.
EVERETT HUSTEAD.
Mr. James H. Shields, a member of the
Shields firm that has been engaged in
the buying and shipping of seeds and
grains for over 50 years, expressed his
opposition to Bonneville's invasion of
southern Idaho in very forceful lan-
guage. He brands as a lie any inference
that the only people in southern Idaho
who oppose Bonneville power are those
who were interested in the Idaho Power
Co.
Mr. Shields through his connection
with a firm that has had a part in the
growth of southern Idaho over the past
50 years, unquestionably knows and ap-
preciates the beneficial part that the
Idaho Power Co. has taken in promoting
such growth. Here is Mr. Shields' letter:
Hon. JOHN P. SAYLOR,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
August 21
BUHL, IDAHO,
July 31, 1963.
DEAR MR. SAYLOR: It is the writer's under-
standing that our Representative from
Idaho, Mr. HARDING, recently made a state-
ment in the House to the effect that the
only people in Idaho who did not want Bon-
neville Power were the people who were in-
terested in the Idaho Power Co. This hap-
pens to be a lie.
The writer holds no stock in the Idaho
Power Co. and has no ax to grind for them,
but he is so completely fed up with bureau-
cratic dictation and the American brand of
socialism that even though the Idaho Power
Co. were his enemy, he would still be for
them in this case.
We are reasonably heavy users of power
and we have no objection whatever to the
rates that are charged for this power and
service. My suggestion is that you look at
the commercial and power rates that are
charged to people in this territory before
trying to bring in a duplicate facility paid
for out of tax money.
Isn't there some way that we can stop
this continuous encroachment of socialized
bureaucracy on a nation that is already stag-
gering under the lokd of the entrenched
U.S. Students in Cuba
HON. DON H. CLAUSEN
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 8, 1963
Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN. Mr. Speaker,
today I am including in the Appendix of
the RECORD a letter from one of my con-
stituents that raises some very interest-
ing points, In the recent past, the
gentlemen from Florida, Congressmen
CRAMER and RODGERS and others have
raised the question expressing their con-
cern over the effect the U.S. students in
Cuba would have on our foreign policy.
I submit the contents of this letter in
full because I believe it adequately ex-
presses the primary concern many of
our citizens have in condoning this type
of function.
NOVATO, CALIF?
July 21, 1963.
Subject: U.S. students in Cuba.
Representative DON CLAUSEN,
House of Representatives, House Office Build-
ing, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: As a teacher and a citizen, I am
concerned about the future of our country.
I wish I were better informed and really
knew what is going on. However, it seems
to me that our laissez-faire attitude is
about to get us all into something where we
shall lose our power to choose individually
what is best for ourselves in the future.
The U.S. students who went to Cuba are
thinkers who will wield much influence
across our Nation when and if they are
allowed to return to their campuses. It
seems to me that they will be deemed
heroes of a cause; in fact, they already
are. On the bulletin board at San Fran-
cisco State College a couple of weeks ago
I saw a dittoed notice put out by the student
government that they will support them on
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 Approu ~41 3R000200240003-3 A107
9 6.3 LUNUKES
their return, even to taking up a cofiection Dallis Reporter Points Out Kennedy Triggered by 'Birmingham," demonstrations
spread across the Nation, North and South.
d their rights
to retain legal help to defen to be free to travel anywhere they choose. Failures A mammoth march on Washington was
These people who are so vocal and aggres- scheduled for this month.
sive about having freedom and giving free- EXTENSION OF REMARKS Finally, after 21/2 years in office, the ad-
dom do not seem to realize that with rights ministration went to Capitol Hill to beg for
come responsibilities. All of us cannot be of a tough civil rights bill which it hoped might
absolutely free to do as we please; for if HON. BRUCE ALGER put out the fire.
we are, we take freedom away from others. The question of whether there is a need
If we are free, for instance, to have anything OF TEXAS for more civil rights legislation is not perti-
we like, we are free to take things that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nent. The important pofnt is that great
belong to other people. If we are free to Wednesday, August 21, 1963 promises have been dealt out in campaigns
speed on the highways, we are free to injure to woo minority groups, labor, business and
and kill other people. Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, as each other segments of the voting public. In the
In giving people freedom to become in- day passes it is becoming increasingly case of civil rights, the Negro community
doctrinated with the virtues of communism, clear that the Kennedy administration took Candidate John F. Kennedy at his word
without exploring the disadvantages, we are is going to be marked as the most COm- and now it demands fulfillment of his
taking away the freedom of. the free world. promises.
The Communists themselves have made no plete failure in national leadership in In the sometimes absurd political world
secret of the fact that they plan to rule our history. Our present Chief Execu- of today, facts stated at one time suddenly
the whole world; where will individuals have tive seems entirely incapable of meeting evaporate overnight.
any freedom when and If they take over the an issue successfully. His 3 years in There was much said in the heat of the
world? office have been a complete contradic- 1960 campaign about the state of our de-
When these students went on this trip, tion of his campaign promises, and in fences..
did they see and experience any of the hard every area of our national life we are in "The missile lag looms larger and larger
work which the enslaved people are doing? worsening shape. ahead," Kennedy stated dolefully on August
Did they eat the food the working people Our only hope is that the Nation can 2B 1960.
eat? Did they sleep and live in the same One month after he took office, however,
conditions as the workers do? When I have survive another year of Kennedy bun- the missile gap vanished and the adminis-
guests in my home for a short time, we eat gling so that the people will have an tratidn was saying that "any gap favors the
better, play more, and work less than usual. opportunity to elect an effective leader. United States, not Russia." A veritable
Perhaps the best solution to the problem The following article by Robert E. miracle appeared to have Occurred over-
would be to let these students become per- Baskin, head of the Washington bureau night-after the election of a Democratic
manent residents of Cuba, or at least let of the Dallas Morning News, appeared in President.
them stay long enough to see the whole pic- the August 18 issue of that newspaper But' such statements are not as serious to
tune. If they wanted to go badly enough the voting public as the comparison of cam-
to defy the State Department, let them stay and points out the Kennedy failures to paign promises with accomplishments of an
long enough to want to come home just as date: administration.
badly as they wanted to go. -Then they [From the Dallas Morning News, "Our balance of payments will be strong
might give us the right perspective on Cuba. Aug. 18, 19631 and we can cease to worry about the outflow
When these students return to their PERFORMANCE AS PRESIDENT FAILS To MATCH of gold," Kennedy said in New York on Oc-
communities and campuses, they will be PROMISES-1960's GHOSTS- HAUNT J.F.K. tober 12, 1960.
spreading the gospel of communism, for (By Robert E. Baskin) Nearly 3 years later the Treasury Depart-
as guests they have been shown the glamor
of the communistic system. If we as in- WASHINGTON.-The ringing words uttered merit is desperately seeking methods to cor-
dividuals put ourselves out to impress house' In the heat of the 1960 presidential cam- rect the balance-of-payments situation and
the outflow of gold continues.
guests, don't we understand that an enemy paign are coming back hauntingly aver and
government is going to go all out to woo over to the Kennedy administration these In dent the has field found of that labor ormpaigo relations, the pledges Presi-
resi-
the intellectual group visiting them by show- August days. denttl fit the harsh circumstances o a
ing them the advantages only of their way There are those who have kept a record of genuine labor dispute,
of living? the words of candidate John F. Kennedy and In the campaign is he said "The next ad-
students. This has been an exciting trip for these the accomplishments of President John F.
students. There was'little excitement here Kennedy. In 1964, Republicans will lay this ministration must work sympathetically and
at home, as these students have grown up record before the people as they try to make closely with labor and management. Nor is
Kennedy a on~C-term President. there a place for the kind of ad hoc last-
in time when they had no real feo r fo r r- In Politics, there is frequently a cynicism minute intervention which settled the steel
solve as eo the necessities of life or
most of the luxuries, either. They have about party platforms and campaign utter- strike."
experienced most of the entertainment that ances. There has been a tendency to forget In office, the President named a number of
money can buy here. They need new fron- them, and both the public and politicians ad hoc committees to take part in labor dis-
tiers. They are 'the 'pioneers of this gen- have accepted this circumstance. putes. One of these, headed by Senator
eratlon, and they are pioneering us right But times are changing. A better read WAYNE MORSE, Democrat, of Oregon, was
out of the way of life that the pioneers lived public, more careful recording of campaign thrown into the maritime industry row, and
and fought and died for over the short his- statements, and more thorough research by Republicans claimed the industry was
tort' of this country. party organizations have made the campaign threatened with punitive legislation if it
I hope the people who have the decisions promise, forged by the requirements of the didn't give in to the Government wage
to make will not be soft on these students; race, a potentially dangerous thing. proposals.
for if they are, there are thousands more President Kennedy has found out this ap- In fiscal affairs, the President found it
who will be ready` to go next time. They plies particularly in the field of civil rights. expedient in the campaign to talk balanced
want excitement, too. If these students win Look back to the night of September 9, budgets before certain audiences.
this victory, they will win other victories. 1960. The place: Los Angeles. At Seattle, Wash., on September 6, 1960,
They will lead their followers back home "I have asked Senator (JOSEPH) CLARK of he said: "Let me say that I think it is ex-
in doing away with agencies hindering their Pennsylvania, and Congressman (EMANUEL) tremely important that the United States
progress, such as the House Un-American CELLER, of New York, to prepare a (civil maintains to the extent possible a Sound
Activities Committee so that they and all rights) bill embodying all the pledges of the fiscal policy and a balanced budget."
their, cronies will have complete freedom at Democratic platform, and that bill will be Although there is an escape hatch in
our expense. , " r ? ' , among the first orders of business when a the phrase, "to the extent possible," the
Really, I am afraid, for I fear for the future new Congress meets in January." President has made small effort to keep
of our country and our true freedom. People This was Candidate Kennedy speaking. income and outgo in balance, in a time of
who have lived under other forms of gov- But January came, and there was no great national prosperity.
ernment and who have become American pressure for civil rights legislation. The This year the budget is a record 98.8 bil-
citizens are really our most devoted citizens President needed southern votes in Congress lion, with a prospective deficit of 10 billion.
this is proof enough to me that we have the to help get his administration underway. Next year, Treasury Secretary Douglas Dil-
be tsystem. Then came 1962, and it was a trade bill lon confided to the House Ways and Means
ill you urge the people 'In Washington that carried all the priority. This year, up Committee the other day, a budget well over
who will deal with these U.S. students when until late spring, the emphasis was on a 100 million is contemplated. If the ad-
they return from "Cuba not to feel sorry vote-getting tax-cut measure, designed to ministration's tax cut is passed, no one
for them, but to feel sorry for all the citizens help Democratic fortunes in the 1964 Presi- knows what the deficit may be.
of the United States. Please urge them to dential election. The great tragedy of the Kennedy admin-
do what is best for the future of the United The Negro community, however, had heard istration has been Cuba and the Bay of Pigs
States, the words uttered at Los Angeles. It had defeat, which still goes unexplained offi-
the President
ai
m
th
i
gn
p
e ca
n
Respectfully yours, react the sweeping civil rights proposals con- cially. Yet
MARGARET BINGGELI. tamed in the 1960 Democratic platform. had indicated a strong policy toward Cuba.
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"We must attempt," he said on October 20,
.1960, "to strengthen the non-Batista demo-
cratic anti-Castro forces in exile-thus far
these fighters for freedom have had virtually '
no support from our Government."
But when the die was cast in early April
1961 and the Cuban invaders went ashore,
somewhere in the depths of the White House
a decision was made to deny them American
air cover.
Today administration men say that the
Castro regime is withering on the vine as a
result of American economic policies toward
21, 1963
believe it Is not, in it's present form good
for our national welfare and security."
Orcutt, Calif.: "Russia never keeps a treaty
(unless it is to her benefit to do so). What
she has up her sleeve now, no one can
guess * * * but we don't trust our own in-
vestigators to keep a close enough eye on
her, and we don't trust our leadership to take
the proper action if we did find out she was
violating the agreement."
Pasadena, Calif.: "I protest the test ban
deal with the Russians. Why give them any
further power than us?"
South Gate, Calif.: "D. Manuilsky stated
30 years ago that the Communists would
make unheard of peace overtures, then when
we capitalists were lulled into complacepcy
they would smash us-.they tell us what they
will do, why can't we believe them after
repeated proofs?"
Bradenton, Fla.: "It is indeed a sad day
for our country."
Cypress, Calif.: "I do not sleep good nights
forfear of the things that are going on in
Washington."
Compton, Calif.: "It is an integral part of
Communist strategy for its opposition to
disarm."
Los Angeles, Calif.: "Protest the signing of
the test ban treaty with Russia. How can we
trust them now?"
Menlo Park, Calif.: "With Cuba a Soviet
stronghold-with'millions of people still un-
willing captives of Soviet Russia, this is no
time to call a halt to testing-or proceed in
any way to disarm America."
Pittsburgh, Pa.: "Vote against the test ban
treaty."
But the Cuban policy that has probably
been most dismaying to this country was
the administration's failure to get onsite
inspections of the presumably dismantled
Russian missile bases on the island last fall.
Although this had been stipulated as a con-
dition in talks with Khrushchev, it was never
achieved. Meanwhile, Russian troops remain
In Cuba, and there continue to be reports
of military buildups there.
In the area of civil rights, the President
has had other conflicts between his campaign
statements and his performance.
On October 17, 1960, in Springfield, Ohio,
he said: "I am not going to promise a, Cabi-
net post or any other post to any race or
ethnic group."
Only last year, however, he tried to get
Congress to approve a new urban affairs
Cabinet post with the promise that a Negro,
Dr. Robert C. Weaver, would head it. Con -
gress said "No."
In a campaign-speech in New York, Ken-
nedy had this to say: "There is more power
In the presidency than to let things drift and
then suddenly call out the troops." But he
had to exactly that at Oxford, Miss., last fall.
In the campaign Kennedy was well aware
of the criticism leveled at General Eisen-
however for playing golf and spending.long
weekends at Augusta, Ga.
"I am not promising action in the first
100 days alone," he said on November 5, 1960,
In New York. "I am promising' you 1,000
days of exacting Presidential leadership. I
want to be a President who believes in work-
ing full time."
The record shows that in his first 2 years
in office, the President was away from the -
White House 215 days-one-third of the
time-at such places as Hyannis Port, Palm
Beach, Newport, and Glen Ora.
Kennedy was asked in 1960 about nepo-
tism. "Nepotism is dangerous to the public
interest and to our national morality," he
declared.
In addition to brother Robert F. Kennedy,
the Attorney General, Kennedy has appointed
brother-in-law Sargent Shriver as head of
the Peace Corps. Though. not holding an
office, brother-in-law Steve Smith occupies
a position of high trust, particularly on po-
litical matters. Brother EDWARD (TED) KEN-
NEDY has been elected Senator from Massa-
chusetts. And the Kennedy sisters are ac-
tive in a number of semiofficial administra-
tion projects.
On specific programs, contained in the
Democratic platform, the administration has
had a hard time convincing Congress of the
need for them.
"Next January," Kennedy said on Septem-
ber 16, 1960, "a Democratic Congress, work-
ing with a Democratic administration, will -
push through a bill providing for adequate-
`and honorable-medical care for the aged."
The medicare bill remains locked in the posed. to have intellect and be able to think.
House Ways and Means Committee and How many times must Uncle Sam's head be
nothing will be done on it this year-3 years pushed into a Russian trap before people
after Kennedy set a schedule for its passage. wake up to find it is lethal?"
Even the press has grounds to quarrel a Indianapolis, Ind.: "It is a sad day for
hit with the nova as + s the future of this country. Demand to know
"I would think that whoever was Presi-
dent would see the press at least once a
The record: 46 press conferences in the
first 2 years of office and -even fewer this year.
[From the Dallas Morning News, Aug. 18,
1983]
AN EFFECTIVE ATTORNEY GENERAL CAN RE-
MOVE HOFFA - FROM OFFICE
WASHINGTON.-On October 17, 1960, John
F. Kennedy made a statement he may well
rue today.
"An effective Attorney General," he de-
clared, "with the present laws on the books,
can remove Mr. Hof F, from office."
Robert F. Kennedy has served 2y2 years
as his brother's Attorney General.
James R. Hoffa, now as in 1960, is still
firmly in the driver's seat as president of
the Teamsters Union.
Extracts From Citizens' Letters Opposing
the Test Ban
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CRAIG HOSMER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 21, 1963
Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, I have
received numerous letters from many
parts of the country remarking unfa-
vorably on the partial test ban treaty.
Pertinent extracts from some of these
Brownsville, Tex.: "Why Should we re-
linquish decision about our safety to any-
one else?"
Carmichael, Calif.: "Wouldn't it be wise
to ask for a display of good faith, in the
form of an agreement to this treaty, that
would ask for Russian troop removal from
Cuba?"
Kerrville, Tex.: "Say no to the treaty."
Phoenix, Ariz.: "These are dark and terri-
fying days when we see our Nation being
systematically disarmed."
Lake Jackson, Tex.: "I do not see how
we can possibly afford to stop perfection of
atomic weapons, since we have many enemies
working 24 hours a day to build up atomic
weapons. Among these, Red China notably,
would never consider such folly."
. Kansas City, Mo.: "This test ban treaty is
pitiful."
Atherton, Calif.: "What folly to think that
the Communists will adhere to the test ban
treaty."
Portola Valley, Calif.: "Even though there
may be a word-by-word examination of the
test ban treaty, we hope you Congressmen
will remember that you are dealing with
a Khrushchev who has no integrity."
Austin, Tex.: "Would amount to a diplo-
matic Pearl Harbor for America."
Klamath, Calif.: "The test ban treaty
holds grave implications for all Americans
and freedom loving peoples."
San Jose, Calif.: "Do not sign that phony
test ban."
Phoenix, Ariz.: "Have we lost all our
senses? Please, please, advise no to the
ratification of this surrender treaty."
some details at least of the contents of the
two K's correspondence."
Coudersport
Pa.: "We would not be against
,
week," Kennedy said In Independence, Mo., - such a treaty if it were not against our best
on October 20, 1960. national interest and security, however we do
LAWS RELATIVE TO THE PRINTING OF
DOCUMENTS
Either House may order the printing of a
document not already provided for by law,
but only when the same shall be accompa-
nied by an estimate from the Public Printer
as to the probable cost thereof. Any execu-
tive department, bureau, board or independ-
ent office of the Government submitting re-
ports or documents in response to inquiries
from Congress shall submit therewith an
estimate of the probable cost of printing the
usual number. Nothing in this section re-
lating to estimates shall apply to reports or
documents notexceeding 50 pages (U.S.
Code, title 44, sec. 140, p. 1938).
Resolutions for printing extra copies, when
presented to either House, shall be referred
immediately to the Committee on House
Administration of the House of Representa-
tives or the Committee on Rules and Admin-
istration of the Senate, who, in making their
report, shall give the probable cost of the
proposed printing upon the estimate of the
Public Printer, and no extra copies shall be
printed before such committee has reported
(U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 133, p. 1937).
RECORD OFFICE AT THE CAPITOL
An office for the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,
with Mr. Raymond F. Noyes in charge, is lo-
cated in room H-112, House wing, where or-
ders will be received for subscriptions to the
RECORD at $1.60 per month or for single
copies at i cent for eight pages (minimum
charge of 3 cents). Also, orders from Mem-
bers of Congress to purchase reprints from
the RECORD should be processed through this
office.
PRINTING OF CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
EXTRACTS
It shall be lawful for the Public Printer
to print and deliver upon the order of any
Senator, Representative, or Delegate, extracts
from the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the person
ordering the same paying the cost thereof
(U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 185, p. 1942).
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -= APPENDIX A5299
ter; or that the Port Authority would spon- operation,. 3,787 students have been helped State "a humiliated puppet of the Kennedy
he
to become better citizens. He also told the President that had he
sor the World Trade Center to the south.
This is one of many examples of Noyes' real Among many honors bestowed on Noyes known that Bobby would have been named
estate sense or possibly his intuition. he particularly cherishes the J. P. Morgan Attorney General he would have opposed
Again, in 1928 this so-called New York Hos- Medal of the New England Society in 1962 him, rather than managed his campaign in
pital property would have been the greatest for having established student loan funds 1960.
tribute of all to Noyes' record in the real in several New England colleges and univer- Morgan, a former district attorney general,
estate field. But for the great panic of 1929 sities; the Horatio Alger Award bestowed in has been a top leader in the Democratic party
Noyes and Schulte with John J. Raskob as 1959; and. the title "Honorary Citizen of for more than 40 years.
their partner would have proceeded with the Texas," awarded him by Gov. Price Daniel in Full text of Morgan's letter, copies of
most spectacular building of all time on their 1958. In 1953 Noyes was made an honorary which were sent to Vice President Lyndon
land. On October 6, 1929, just 23 days before doctor of laws at St. Lawrence University in Johnson, Senators Kefauver and Gore and
the stock market's disastrous plunge, the Canton, N.Y., and received a similar degree Representative Brock, follows:
New York Herald Tribune devoted the entire in 1955 from Park College in Parkville, Mo. "My DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I am a lifelong
front page of its Sunday section to the an- The following year Pace College honored the Democrat. In 1939 I managed the campaign
nouncement of a project which staggered veteran broker. with the degree of Doctor of in that this county fo r Frthe klit D ntegra. t d It and
the imagination-a 150-story supersky- Commercial Sciences.
scraper which would dwarf the Empire State Besides being a member of 34 different real ing was held in our auditorium and the
Building then in the planning stages. estate and civic organizations, Noyes has over principal speaker was a Negro Congressman.
this
"There is no question in my mind," says the years been a director d there a of the ican . "In county 1960 a anaged youhca paigne same
Noyes, "that this building would have been Red Cross; president and rally was at t and erected if we had not come into the panic Heckscher Trust; trustee and at times mem- place in your behtoalf int oat that meeting it
Lyn-
pleasure on.
of 1929-30." ber of the executive committee of the Title was my
Incidentally, Raskob did figure in Noyes' Guaranty & Trust Co.;. for nearly 30 years, don,MJohnson and cLad a y Bird was nsot a o P Pu-
business life other than in the potential a member of the advisory board of directors lar assignment. Many people le were eke tical
deal for the 150-story building on plot of of the Chemical Bank New York Trust Co.; y P p p
150,00 Square feet because it was Noyes, as and for 65 years a director of the Norwich of t ouutbecause
I havof no your re religious gion. I _ am a Bap-
broker, who With Raskob of General Motors (Conn.) Daily Bulletin, the sixth oldest news- nor
worked out for Max N. Natanson, as prin- paper in the country, established in 1790. do I possess any racial prejudice.
r
eipal, all the ramifications of the deal in Incidentally, Noyes' father, Charles D. Noyes, "Your every act from the date oyour
t
connection with the present General Motors was president of the Bulletin Co., a position inauguration has justified my belief
Building, including the obtaining of the now filled by Harrison C. Noyes, a brother. your religion would of the di tee oureaudg-
leasehold covering the ground owned by the ment "as President
had I known then that it was your
terms of theestate General l and the Motors lease, t neeas the efin a - the intention to appoint your brother Robert
m of , ge
terms of t
me and the complete rental and manao Political Picture by Ellis Binkley Kennedy, as together Attorney would try to General and usurp the that you
free-
Ing -
Louis the building until it was sold to nom of the people and supplant our free
As early Lousy Glickman. and
donershi
a ry as 1915 Noyes forecast the trend EXTENSION OF REMARKS ,Mate nI wou dt have dictato
what I she lo l do
north to Fulton Street of the insurance dis- or
trict, then on William Street south to Wall when you run again-oppose you.
Street including buildings on Pine Street to HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN "There is no way to justify the spending
Maiden Lane. In 1935 he likewise foresaw
the the advantages of the Avenue of the OF TENNESSEE of $15 million to keep one person in one
particular college, when there are thousands
Americas (then Sixth Avenue) would be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of worthy boys and girls, both white and
recognized by investment builders. Noyes Tuesday, August 20, 1963 black, that are denied a chance to attend any
himself purchased three adjacent 20-foot college because they have no funds.
residences on 51st Street between Fifth and Mr. QUILT N. Mr. Speaker, I insert "Nor do I sanction your course in taxing
Sixth Avenues, two in 1935 for $78,000 and in the Appendix of the CONGRESSIONAL to death the people of this Nation to give
the other in 1940 for $35,000. During the RECORD a political column entitled "Po- foreign aid to countries who don't even levy
last 6 years there has been a spectaular
wave of construction on that avenue and litical Picture" by Ellis Binkley, which a tax on their own people,
appeared in the Kingsport Times-News, "In my judgment the course you and your
brother are taking is a menace to this coun-
the Noyes
Mr. Sunday, Binkley August is 11, one of 1963. the foremost try and could easily lead to a dictatorship
demolition builus properties a $st $1 dit the ion to acquire of
a large office
Po- and a police state, and that this Nation can
for deion plus a additional $1.5 mil- litical writers in Tennessee and the Na-
lion to acquire a tenant's lease. no longer say the Land of the Free, but can
Noyes has always considered well-located tion. His "Political Picture" column is still say the Home of the Brave.
property in New York City "the best of all carried regularly in the Kingsport Times "You are destroying the trust that the
investments." He further feels that any boy and the Kingsport News, daily newspa- people of this Nation have always had and
with average intelligence, strict integrity pers published in Kingsport, Tenn. His should have for its Chief Executive and you
and ad a high chance ideals, to and achieve willing success s i n n work the hard real subject matters are always very interest- are striving to place in the hands of Robert
has this particular column I thought Kennedy more power than any man, should
estate profession. ing, ever seek or have. The image the people
By the middle 1920's Charles F. Noyes So dynamic that I wanted to make it have of Robert Kennedy is that he is a small
Co., Inc., was closing about 7,000 sales or available to the other Members Of Con- bigot and that he is a menace to the liberties
leases a year as broker or agent, involving gress and to the readers of the CONGRES- of this Nation.
a gross of more than $300 million. This SIGNAL RECORD: "The power that you and he are seeking
included the operations of Noyes National,
active in the South, Midwest and west ANTI-BOBBY FEELING BROUGHT INTO OPEN under the mask of civil rights is but a means
to attain the power to supress the will of
coast. About 1930 this business was trans- [By Ellis Binkley] all who oppose you and to make the chief
felted to New York City, where it was re- A few columns back we reported that a executive of every State of this Union a
ported that the company managed about prominent Young Democrat in the State is humiliated puppet of the Kennedys.
300 office, loft and commercial buildings, concerned over the chances of his party car "Why doesn't your heart bleed for the
and its 3,000 clerical and building service tying Tennessee next year for President North United American States who whose are citizens rights are
employees collected some $40 million in Kennedy. the rents annually from 5,500 tenants. He said that Attorney General Robert trampled under foot in every State of this
During the boom days of 1928, the United Kennedy, the President's brother, was the Union, where they live?
Cigar Stores Co., Inc., bought a half-interest thorn in the party's side, more so than the "You spend more than $15 million of the
in the Noyes company for $1.2 million and Chief Executive himself. people's money to keep a man in school, be-
insured Noyes' life for $2.4 million-at that This anti-Bobby sentiment is growing all cause you say his constitutional rights were
time one of the largest insurance policies across the State. Last week it was brought denied-I fail to see where you have spent
ever issued on an individual's life. When out into the open by a Chattanooga attorney. 16 cents to secure the Indian in his equal
United Cigar had financial difficulties Noyes Fletcher R. Morgan, who was Hamilton rights. I'll answer that question for you-
personally bought back the half interest. County campaign manager for Franklin D. political expediency.
Early in ' Noyes' business career he showed Roosevelt and President Kennedy, has written "You are riding a high horse, roughshod,
his positive ideas against discrimination and the President saying that he will oppose him but I warn you that you are fomenting a
on July 1, 1947, he personally organized the when he runs for reelection. revolution, and if it comes, you, your high
Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation, Inc. For the The prominent civic and political leader horse and little brother Bobbie will know
fiscal year 1948 the amount distributed by charges in his letter that the President is just how great is the might of the wrath
the foundation was $54,528. By 1961 the using the civil rights issue for "political ex- of the people of this Nation.
figure had increased $398,970. During the pediency" and the power he and Bobby are "Yours very truly,
period that the foundation has been in seeking would make the Governor of each "FLETCHER R. MORGAN."
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A5300
U.S. Relations With
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Yugoslavia
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Of
HON. J. W. FULBRIGHT
OF ARKANSAS
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, August 20, 1963
Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, a
very fine article on our relations with
Yugoslavia recently appeared in the Ar-
kansas Gazette. It was written by Mr.
Perrin Jones, who is the publisher of the
Searcy, Ark., Daily Citizen. Mr. Jones
is one of the outstanding young newspa-
permen of my State and, I believe, has
done an exceptional job of defining the
complex issues involved in our relations
with Yugoslavia. I ask unanimous con-
sent that his article entitled "Arkansas
Publisher Looks at Yugoslavia," be print-
ed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ARKANSAS PUBLISHER LOOKS AT YUGOSLAVIA
(EDITOR'S NOTE.-This article is reprinted
from the Searcy, Ark., Daily Citizen, whose
publisher, Perrin Jones, has been writing a
series of articles on his observations while
traveling in Central and Eastern Europe.)
(By Perrin Jones)
America has given the Tito government of
Yugoslavia a total of $2 billion in foreign aid
since the Tito break with Stalin in the late
forties. At present, in addition, Yugoslavia
owes the United States about $100 million
in loans and repayment of seized American
property. Yugoslavia is repaying this debt
on schedule.
But Yugoslavia, no matter what may be.
said for her people, her system, or her pros-
perity, is still a country which embraces com-
munism. In this fact lies a basic problem
for the United States that is already a hot
potato and one which will get progressively
hotter in the future. Can the greatest demo-
cratic power on earth afford to give massive
aid to a Communist government in order to
help it build prosperity? Or to put it an
water from Italy. Stalin had the warm
water ports in Europe that not even the
grandest of the Russian czars ever hope to
gain. Subversives could infiltrate Italy * * *
already with a strong Communist front.
Greece was in constant turmoil with Red
agitators drifting through Yugoslavia and a
civil war there actually occurred. Tito was
a heroic figure in Europe from his resistance
to the Germans and the Russians -got full
mileage out of this.
Then Stalin cracked down to consolidate
his empire and Tito stood up and said "no."
This was the first chink in the wall and we
rushed in with immediate and extensive sup-
port. Now, more than a decade later, Yugo-
slavia is still independent and extremely
prosperous.
We Americans talk a lot about the "self-
determination" of peoples. Even, we explain
this to mean that we don't really care what
sort of government a nation has so long as
it is freely arrived at and so long as personal
freedom is promoted. If these are really our
criteria-if we believe in this-then we have
no right as a Nation to penalize Yugoslavia
just because she travels under the "Commu-
nist" banner. Our own State Department
admits that Yugoslavia is the only nation
in the Eastern bloc that has no agents but-
ting into our affairs or the affairs of her
neighbors, she is definitely not a part of the
world movement of Communist subversion.
American aid to Yugoslavia is over. The
plan has expired and the Yugoslavs are not
asking for additional aid. But, in order that
the Yugoslavs have enough hard currency to
pay us the $100 million owed to us, she must
continue her :favored position in trade with
the United States. Yugoslavia and Poland,
the two "independent Communist" nations
were given "most favored nations" treat-
ment by the United States several years ago
but there is now a move afoot in Congress
to remove this distinction this year and, if
it is done, the Yugoslavs will have no way to
continue competitive :trade with the United
States, there will be no way to pay off the
U.S. debt. Tt~e country will immediately
other way, are we helping to promote com- democrats
mu
i
b
n
sIn
y bolstering the Government of
Yugoslavia? This question bothers a lot of
Americans. i must admit it bothered me be-
fore I went to Yugoslavia and actually got
the feel of the conditions and saw what our
American aid has done.
Some will say that I was brainwashed on
this subject, but not being at all naive, I
prefer tothink that for once, I see what our
country is trying to do in Yugoslavia and I
approve of it.
The basic theory behind American aid to
the independent communism of Tito Is that
the money we spend there is helping Tito to
remain independent of the Kremlin, that it
is fostering a difference of opinion withtin
the monolithic structure of world commu-
nism. One thing that radically disturbs the
quiet and peaceful movement of commu-
nism in its - efforts to engulf the world is
when a difference of opinion arises. This
little thing-this difference-that would go
unnoticed in the West brings the gears of
world communism crashing into each other
with a force that an American cannot un-
derstand. In short, we've paid $2 billion to
keep Tito from having to go to Moscow with
his hat in his hand. It is a stiff price, but
I think I can show that it was worth it.
Before Tito broke with Stalin, Russian
troops actually had naval bases on the
Adriatic and the front line of Communist
expansion was just across this little body of
Urge Ties
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DELBERT L. LATTA
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 20,1963
Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, it is inter-
esting to note the positions taken on
various national issues by the Young
Democrats from 13 Western States at
their recently concluded convention in
Berkeley, Calif.- The Evening Star of
August 19, 1963, reported on some of the
resolutions adopted at this convention
and I believe the Members and the Na-
tion should be familiar with the positions
taken on these matters by this group of
Democrats. -
The article follows:
DEMOCRATS URGE TIES WITH CUBA
E ure LEY, CALIF., August 19.-Young Dem-
ocrats from 13 Western States ended their
convention in Berkeley yesterday with resolu-
tions concerning Cuba, civil rights, and
American military deployment.
A total of 32 resolutions demanded, among
other things, that the United States resume
August 20
diplomatic relations with Cuba, that the
August 28 Negro civil rights parade on Wash-
ington be "carried out as planned," that a
nonaggression pact be signed between NATO
and Communist Warsaw Pact nations and
that the United States withdraw its troops
from South Vietnam.
Other points covered included demands for
the abolition of the House Committee on
Un-American Activities, repeal of the McCar-
ran Internal Security Act, revision of the
McCarran-Walter Immigration Act, the elim-
ination of compulsory arbitration in strikes,
and abolitionof the death penalty.
The delegates condemned various organi-
zations, the aim of which they said, is to
limit the civil rights of nonwhites. These
Included, the Young Democrats said, the
John Birch Society, the Americans for Con-
stitutional Action and the Christian Crusade.
Michel Blasts REA Loan to Ski Resort
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ROBERT T. McLOSKEY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 20, 1963
Mr. McLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, as a
member of the Appropriations Committee
my distinguished colleague from Illinois,
Mr. MICHEL, has been waging a vigorous
battle to bring some sense of responsibil-
ity on the part of Departments and
Bureaus to see that moneys appropriated
are spent in a proper manner.
Once again he has brought to the at-
tention of the House the irresponsible
manner in which the REA continues to
make foolish loans at the expense of the
American taxpayer.
Under unanimous consent I wish to
place in the Appendix of the RECORD an
article appearing in the Chicago Daily
Tribune on August 17, 1963, concerning
this subject: -
MICHEL BLASTS REA LOAN TO SKI RESORT
(By Philip Warden)
WASHINGTON, August 16.-Representative
ROBERT MICHEL, Republican, Illinois, accused
Rural Electrification Administration officers
of acting like juvenile delinquents today by
continuing to lend money to ski resorts over
objections of Congress.
MICHEL, a member of the House Appropri-
ations Committee, charged the REA with
having "defied the intent of Congress" in
announcing a $110,000 loan yesterday to a
Pennsylvania ski resort.
MICHEL said the loan to the Blue Knob
Development Corp. of Altoona, Pa., by the
Valley Rural Electric Cooperative, Hunting-
don, Pa., will be used to purchase snowmak-
ing equipment and a ski lift.
CITES EARLIER LOAN
Congress went on record against such loans
last year, MICHEL said, when a similar loan
was made to a northern Illinois ski resort by
an REA cooperative.
"It is a sad commentary on the present
state of burocratic thinking when an agency
established by the Congress, such as REA,
thinks it can blantantly disregard parental
instruction and guidance," MICHEL said.
"REA is acting like a juvenile delinquent,
and, therefore, deserves to be treated like
one. Congress, as a concerned parent, may
be compelled to apply stern disciplinary
measureson this wayward agency."
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