TURKISH COOPERATION IN THE CASE OF CUBAN SHIPMENTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230008-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2004
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: October 1, 1962
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2004/06/23 IA-R~eg~ 00383R000200230008-9
October 1, 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUf 20345
to active duty with the Armed Forces, or
whose period of duty with the Armed Forces
was involuntarily extended, on or after
August 1, 1961.
The message also announced that the
Senate disagrees to the amendments of
the House to the bill (S. 1552) entitled
"An act to amend and supplement the
laws with respect to the manufacture
and distribution of drugs, and for other
purposes"; agrees to the conference re-
quested by the House on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses thereon, and
appoints Mr. EASTLAND, Mr. KEFAUVER,
Mr. JOHNSTON, Mr. DIRKSEN, and Mr.
HRUSKA, to be the conferees on the part
of the Senate.
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the. disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R..
6682) entitled "An act to provide for the
exemption of fowling nets from duty."
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R..
12180) entitled "An act to extend for a
temporary period the existing provisions:
of law relating to the free importation
of personal and household effects
brought into the United States under
Government orders."
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ment of the House to the bill (S. 1658)
.entitled "An act to amend the act of
January 2, 1951, prohibiting the trans-
portation of gambling devices in inter-
state and foreign commerce."
COMMUNICATION FROM THE CLERK
OF THE HOUSE
The SPEAKER laid before the House
the following communication from the
Clerk of the House:
SEPTEMBER 28, 1962.
The Honorable THE SPEAKER,
House of Representatives.
SIR: Pursuant to authority granted on
September 28, 1962, the Clerk received from
the Secretary of the Senate today the follow-
ing message:
That the Senate passed House Joint Reso-
lution 897 entitled "Joint resolution making
continuing appropriations for the fiscal year
1963, and for other purposes."
Respectfully yours,
RALPH R. ROBERTS,
Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives.
SIGNING OF ENROLLED BILLS
The SPEAKER. The Chair desires to
announce that pursuant to the authority
granted him on Friday, September 28,
1962, he did on that day sign the follow-
ing enrolled bill of the House:
H.R. 10. An act to encourage the establish-
ment of voluntary ,pension plans by self-
employed individuals.
And on Saturday, September 29, 1962,
sign enrolled bills and joint resolution of
the House, and enrolled bill of the Senate
as follows:
H.R. 310. An act to amend title 10, United
States Code, to authorize the Secretary of
Defense, the Secretaries of the military de-
partments, and the Secretary of the Treas-
ury to settle certain claims for damage to,
or loss of, property, or personal injury or
death, not cognizable under any other law;
H.R.2952. An act to direct the Secretary
of the Interior to convey certain public lands
in the State of California to the city of
Needles;
H.R. 11887. An act to provide for the con-
veyance of all right, title, and interest of
the United States reserved or retained in cer-
tain lands heretofore conveyed to the city of
El Paso, Tex;
H.J. Res. 897. Joint resolution making con-
tinuing appropriations for the fiscal year
1963, and for other purposes; and
5.919. An act to amend section 9(b) of
the act entitled "An act to prevent per-
nicious political activities" (the Hatch Po-
litical Activites Act) to reduce the require-
ment that the Civil Service Commission
impose no penalty less than 30 days' sus-
pension for any violation of section 9 of the
act.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA APPRO-
PRIATIONS
Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to take from the
Speaker's table the bill (H.R. 12276)
making appropriations for the District
of Columbia and other activities charge-
able in whole or in part against the reve-
nues of said District for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1963, with amendments
of the Senate thereto, disagree to the
amendments of the Senate, and agree to
the conference asked by the Senate.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Ken-
tucky? There being no objection, the
Chair appoints the following conferees:
Messrs. NATCHER, SANTANGELO, CANNON,
RHODES of Arizona, and TABER.
SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION
BILL, 1963.
Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Appropriations may have until mid-
night tonight to file a report on the sup-
plemental appropriation bill for 1963.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Texas?
There-was no objection.
(Mr. JENSEN reserved all points of
order on the bill.)
CONSIDERATION OF SUPPLEMEN-
TAL APPROPRIATION BILL SET
FOR WEDNESDAY OR THERE-
AFTER
Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, the sec-
ond request I have is unanimous consent
that it may be in order at any time after
today to consider the supplemental ap-
propriation bill for 1963.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving
the right to object, it is my understand-
ing that the report will be filed and
printed tonight. In other words, no one
will have an opportunity to know that
is in the supplemental bill until tomor-
row at the earliest, and the gentleman
might call up the bill tomorrow after-
noon.
I do not want to prolong this session
of Congress, but I want to know, and I
think a few Members of the House as
well want to know, what is in this sup-
plemental appropriation bill and what
you did as a result of action in the full
committee only this morning. The call-
ing up of this bill on Wednesday, which
is just 1 day short of the 3-day period
that would have to elapse otherwise
would not-be objectionable, but I will not
permit, Mr. Speaker, having this bill
called up for. consideration tomorrow
with the Members of the House having
only 1 day and 1 night-and we have
to operate at night around here as well
as day in order to read some of these
bills.
If the gentleman will amend his re-
quest to call it up not earlier than
Wednesday I will not object.
Mr. THOMAS. May I say to my genial
friend from Iowa that I do not see any-
thing unreasonable in his point of view,
and we will be glad to comply with his
request. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, if there
is no objection on the part of com-
mittee members, I amend my request
that the supplemental appropriation bill
be brought up any time on Wednesday
or thereafter.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Texas?
There) asnoobjection.
TURKISH COOPERAT116N IN THE
CASE OF CUBAN SHIPMENTS
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr.
Speaker, our allies are beginning to co-
operate. The. Turkish Government has
announced that it will prohibit future
shipments to Cuba. With unusual and
decisive action, the Turkish Government
also ordered three ships en route to Cuba
to put into the nearest port and unload.
Thus, the Turkish Government has be-
come the second allied nation to cooper-
ate. The first was West Germany. Both
nations deserve applause from the House
of Representatives and the American
What of the other nations still trading
with the Communists to help build
Cuba? They have been among our
stanchest allies.. Have Britain, Greece,
Italy, France, and Norway followed the
examples of West German and Turkey?
No, these governments still allow their
flags to be used in international profit-
eering. Far more than half of the world's
merchant fleet engaged in Communist
cargo to Cuba fly the flags of our friends.
Mr. Speaker, several of these nations
argue that they do nothave adequate
legislative authority to take . action.
Surely they have some administrative
power as this Government does. It ex-
ists in sections 2022 and 2023 of the Ex-
port Control Act. By invoking this au-
thority,. the United States could halt
U.S. haulage in any vessel engaged in
Cuban commerce.
Once again, Mr. Speaker, I urge this
action by our Government to buttress
the actions taken by our other friends.
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 20346 Approved For Reletjq,IAP]3003g200230008-9 October 1
MAJ. GEN. EDWIN WALKER
(Mr. ROONEY asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, after
what happened at Oxford In the State
of Mississippi last night, I think it Is
high time that the authorities see to it
that former Maj. Gen. Edwin Walker is
promptly committed to a lunatic asylum;
or, if he is proven to be sane, that he be
tried and imprisoned for an interminable
period for insurrection. According to a
report of the Associated Press, he led
a thousand college youths of the Uni-
versity of Mississippi in a charge that
fell back but 100 yards from the U.S.
marshals. What was he doing on the
campus, at all?
TRAGEDY IN MISSISSIPPI
(Mr. ABERNETHY asked and was
given permission to address the House
for i minute.)
Mr. ABERNETHY. Mr. Speaker, I
beg of you and the Members to be a lit-
tle lenient with the time and give me a
long minute.
With all deference to the gentleman
from New York [Mr. Rooxsyl the re-
tired General Walker did not precipitate
the rioting. This was done by Attorney
General Kennedy's trigger happy mar-
shals.
We have a terrible situation down at
home, and we are worried. But we did
not make it. This administration made
It. The loss of blood and life is not on
the hands of Mississippians. We are
only the victims.
Last night the officials of the univer-
sity pleaded with the Department of
Justice officials not to make this move
in the darkness of night, because in a
situation of this kind, nighttime is con-
ducive to a buildup of tension and vio-
lence. They were told that students
would be pouring into the campus from
home and a football weekend and the
presence of all of the marshals stationed
about the campus in the darkness of
night would likely inspire trouble.
The university told the Department
that it would issue a special edition of
the daily paper for early this morning
urging the students to be calm, The
statements were also to be carried over
the loudspeakers in the student union
building.
It committed Itself to go on the
campus radio with the same urge. It
committed itself to make the same ap-
peal with loudspeakers over the campus.
It was also pointed out that students
would be widely dispersed, attending
classes.
But, nay, the Department of Justice
was not to be denied. So last night, we
regret to say, they insisted on occupying
the campus and a Sabbath Day registra-
tion.
The chancellor and other reputable
officials of the university had assured
the Department of Justice the registra-
tion would take place this morning.
They told the Department of Justice
that students were returning, thousands
of them, from over the State, and if they
came in on the campus last night with
these officers and others In their medie-
val uniforms. carrying guns and other
weapons, that trouble might be possible.
But they were not to be denied. They
demanded occupancy of the university
campus immediately and took over.
From all appearances they wanted this
occupancy immediately so the President
in his forthcoming speech of the evening
to the Nation could announce a suc-
cessful and "peaceful" occupation.
So, last night, in the darkness where
trouble was bound to ensue, the first dis-
charge of violence did not come from
the students of the university, where,
incidentally, my son is now a student.
It came from an inexperienced trigger-
happy U.S. marshal who fired a tear gas
gun straight into a group of kids who
were doing nothing more than a little
student jeering. A State policeman had
them under perfect control. The dis-
charge struck the patrolman in the mid-
section, and we understand that he is
near death. Several deaths and serious
injuries have been reported.
We are sorry it happened. It was not
our fault. Ole Miss officials asked that
this occupation take place at a time
when the students were in class, at a
time when officers would have clear vi-
sion across the entire campus and be
able to spot any display of emotion or
unrest.
That is the truth about the situation.
The blood is not on our hands. It Is
upon those of certain officials here in
Washington, and as to who they are I
leave It to your own conclusion. Ob-
viously, everyone knows.
THE SWEARING IN OF HON. ARTHUR
J. GOLDBERG AS AN ASSOCIATE
U.S. SUPREME COURT JUSTICE
(Mr. O'HARA of Illinois asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
it is with a keen sense of pride that I
come into this well today. This morn-
ing there was sworn in as a member of
the Supreme Court of the United States
one of my constituents, a warm personal
friend, a man admired for his ability
and accomplishments and loved for his
warm human closeness by everyone in
the Second Congressional District of
Illinois.
Attending the ceremony today was one
who had been a member of his law firm,
who before that had been the clerk to
Mr. Justice Minton in 1951 and 1952 and
now Is a representative in the General
Assembly of Illinois, from our great
second district, the Honorable Ab Mikra,
one of the young men of our Nation
destined for the heights in the law and
the forum of statesmanship.
Accompanying others in the party of
friends, neighbors and former associ-
ates of Mr. Justice Goldberg was Rabbi
Jacob Weinstein, who has the rare honor
of having been the spiritual guide and
mentor both of a member of the Cabinet
of a President of the United States and
a member of the Supreme Court of the
United States. I doubt that few others
if any in God's ministry in the history
of our country have had such an honor.
I should add, Mr. Speaker, that of course
Mrs. Weinstein and Mrs. Mikra were
there too, for the admiration and af-
fection in which Mr. Justice Arthur
Goldberg is held in the community of
which he has been a vibrant and inti-
mate part since boyhood is family deep.
And the joy in all the homes of the dis-
trict I have the honor to represent has
its source not only In the swearing in to-
day of Arthur Goldberg as a member of
the highest court in the world, but also,
Mr. Speaker, in the blessing God has
given him in a charming and noble wife
and a fine family.
Mr. Speaker, today the Second District
of Illinois has given to the Nation and to
its highest court a great lawyer, a great
human being, a great example of the
unchanging power of integrity, industry,
and in self-abnegation in an ever-chang-
ing world. I predict with confidence, and
I know I speak for every family in the
Second District of Illinois, that Arthur
Goldberg, on the record he will make,
will be rated in history among the great-
est of the many giants of the law and
servitors of mankind who have graced
the highest tribunal in the world, the
Supreme Court of the United States.
MISSISSIPPI
(Mr. COLMER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, as my
colleague, from Mississippi [Mr. ABER-
NETHY] has so well-stated, It was not our
intention here to make any inflammatory
or other remarks on this occasion. We
have issued -a statement on behalf of our
delegation, and we are perfectly willing
to let it rest there.
But, Mr. Speaker, under the parlia-
mentary situation we do not have an
opportunity to fully present the true pic-
ture of the tragedy being enacted in
Mississippi. But I want to say to all of
you that this tragedy is not confined to
Mississippi. It also is a tragic hour in
the history of the United States of
America when the rights of a sovereign
State of this Union are trampled under-
ground by the armed might of a strong
centralized government.
Mr. Speaker, the people of Mississippi
are a patriotic law-abiding people.
Mr. Speaker, the people of Mississippi
have a right to construe that the law
that was regarded as the law of the land
for over 100 years of equal but separate
facilities Is just as good a law now as it
was before this packed Court decided
otherwise.
Mr. Speaker, we do not want to bring
about any further inflammatory state-
ments here. But I want to say to the
Members of the House that we and the
people of Mississippi think that the 10th
amendment to the Constitution of the
United States is just as much a part of
our law as any other part of that Con-
stitution is the law, and we resent what
is going on between the executive and-
the judiciary.
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 1962 ,,-QAp7Wp proved
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 18, 1962
Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ORD, I wish to insert several short articles
dealing with the current situation re-
garding Cuba and our Latin American
policy in general. These articles have
been written by Mr. Fred A. Orleans,
noted author and international lawyer
of San Antonio, Tex. Some of these
were written recently, others over the
past year, but they contain some excel-
lent thoughts on the subject which de-
serve consideration at this time.
They are as follows:
THE LITTLE WARS
(By Fred A. Orleans)
The Communists could hurl rockets at a
selected number of U.S. cities from Cuba,
and what would we do? Would we retail-
,ate against Russia? Probably not, since that
would be wanton aggression insofar as Rils-
sia had not attacked us. We would, if we
still had the gumption, go against the ag-
gressor-Cuba.
Communists could hurl rockets at an-
other selected number of .U.S. cities from
British Guiana and what would we do?
Again we could not prove that the Russians
had anything to do with the attacks against
us. After all, they did not originate from
Russia, but from aggressive Western Hemi-
sphere nations. How long could this pat-
tern continue?
Although the above may seem to the av-
erage person to be pure fiction and not
possible, a look at the record will indicate
differently. In the many conflicts through-
out the world-Korea, Laos, Vietnam-to
name but a few, just how many Soviet Rus-
elan troops have actually been committed to
the battlefields? The Russian procedure is to
simply let the United States exhaust itself
fighting little wars all over the world. Until
now, these little wars have been in remote
places, but now the Russians have gotten
much bolder and are beginning with Cuba
to start the "little" wars here in the Western
Hemisphere.
Where will it end? It will end only when
the United States realizes that Its salva-
tion rests in first expressing its own self-
interest. It will end when the United States
Is prepared to take a firm stand on principle
and ceases to be on the defensive and again
becomes the vigorous and positive leader of
the past, giving definite and firm leader-
ship, and acting with a purpose with pol-
icies both fully expounded and backed up.
Then, and only then, will our growing inter-
national problems diminish and eventually
disappear.
NEW IMAGE NEEDED
(By Fred A. Orleans)
A reorientation in the thinking which dic-
tates U.S. foreign policy relating to Latin
America Is needed.
(1) We cannot continue to, unilaterally'
give away billions to buy insults.
(2) We cannot buy friends in Latin Amer-
ica, and we must eliminate the impression
prevalent in Latin American countries th$.t
we are trying to buy their friendship to help
'as combat the menace of communism in the
Western Hemisphere.
(8) 'We must abandon the idea of equating
poverty with communism. The error in this
cV Our Latin American Policy
thinking is proven by the fact that commu-
nism thrives among well-to-do industrial
workers in northern Italy and not in poor,
agricultural, southern Italy or Ireland.
(4) We should not emphasize our desire to
export revolution, since this is understood in
a different concept in Latin America where
there is already too much revolution.
(5) We should not attempt to democratize
Latin America or make the various countries
conform to our concept of democracy, since
democracy is arrived' at only by the long road
of education and literacy. As a result of il-
literacy, democracy has never thrived in
Latin America.
(6) We should abandon the idea of trying
to Americanize Latin America.
(7) We must reestablish our image in
Latin America as a nation which refrains
from wronging others but which insists that
it not be wronged itself. As a nation that
wants peace, but a just peace, and wants it
because we think it is right and not because
we are afraid. As a nation which no weak
nation, acting properly, need fear, and no
strong power should be allowed to single out
for a subject of insolent aggression. In
short, as a nation which will take whatever
measures are necessary to liberate the people
of Cuba from the chains of communism
which bind them.
[From the Mexico City Daily Bulletin, Nov.
28, 1961]
THE STORY OF Two DAMS
(By Fred A. Orleans)
On September 4, 1961, there appeared in
a newspaper two articles side by side, both
datelined Washington, D.C. The first,
"Amistad Dam Fund Is Okehed" and the
other "U.S. to Check Before Big Loan." The
article relating to the Amistad Dam indicated
that money for further construction on this
dam was provided in an appropriation bill
signed by President Kennedy. It was indi-
cated that the money, representing a new
installment In the U.S. share for the
water storage project on the United
States-Mexican border river, was contained
in a $13,173,000 fund which had been ap-
proved for the International Boundary and
Water Commission. The allocated sum rep-
resents a $2 million cut in the original re-
quest for the Commission. It was indicated
in Washington that there was some uncer-
tainty as to how the cut in funds would be
spread.
The other article stated that President
Kennedy would send a high-ranking U.S.
mission to Ghana for a last minute check
before the United States gave final approval
to the $130 million loan for the big Volta
Dam project in Ghana and that G. Mennen
Williams, Assistant Secretary of State for
African affairs was slated to head the U.S.
team.
The Amistad Dam was widely heralded
and publicized as another example of Unit-
ed States-Mexican friendship when President
Eisenhower met with President Lopez Mateos
at Acuila a year ago. At that time, it was
stressed that this prospective dam represent-
ed another example of how neighboring
countries could cooperate in developing proj-
ects which would mutually benefit the citi-
zens of both countries. The Amistad Dam,
as the Falcon Dam before it, will be con-
structed jointly by the United States and
Mexico, with each country paying its share,
and with the citizens of both countries who
live in areas bordering the dam, utilizing the
waters which will be stored therein.
Here's an example of a project which will
not only potentially help to better United
States-Mexican relations, but also is one in
which U.S. citizens can materially benefit
through visible and definite means.
How the people of the United States can
conceivably benefit through giving $130 mil-
lion to Ghana has never been satisfactorily
A7215
explained nor demonstrated by those who are
engaged in shaping the U.S. foreign policy.
The President of Ghana is known to be
most definitely pro-Communist and has been
a stanch supporter of the Communist line
and has acted literally as a puppet of the
Moscow rulers of the Red bloc. It is claimed
that U.S. aid to Ghana in the past was ex-
cusable because the leanings of the ruler
of that country were not to well defined so
that a question existed as to whether he
was truly a neutralist or a pro-Communist.
All that was required in order to have de-
termined the true situation relating to this
matter was a careful study of the facts at
hand by any impartial person, conscien-
tiously and diligently seeking the truth.
The truth is always easy to find by those
who wish to find it and there is never an
excuse for stupidly following any policy or
program which can give aid and comfort to
the enemies of the United States.
The time arrived many years ago for the
United States to choose between its friends
and enemies and an attempt to deal im-
partially with those who are dedicated to
the preservation of Western civilization and
with those who are dedicated to its ultimate.
destruction, is little short of insanity.
There can only be one end to the story
of the two dams, and that is, for the United
States to most emphatically decline the
privilege of aiding in the establishment of
communism in Ghana, and to direct all
efforts toward the speedy completion of
Amistad Dam as well as additional joint
projects which can both materially benefit
the people of the United States and -Mexico
as well as further strengthen the founda-
tion upon which the friendship between
these two neighbors rest.
[From the Mexico City Daily Bulletin, Nov.
24, 1961]
ANALYSIS OF THE ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS
AGREEMENT
(By Fred A. Orleans)
To the average American, "The Alliance for
Progress," which was embodied in recent
Inter-American Conference at Punta del
Este, represents the mere giving away of bil-
lions of dollars of the American taxpayer's
money to the countries of the Americas.
This impression can be attributed to the lack
of explicit information regarding the sig-
nificance of the conference at Punta del
Este and the real meaning of the resultant
agreement, known as the Punta del Este
Charter.
This charter, in its preamble, states that
the American Republics proclaim their de-
cision to become associated in a common
effort to achieve more rapid economic prog-
ress and greater social justice for their peo-
ple, respecting human dignity and political
liberty. Based on this association in a
common effort, the charter sets forth both
the objectives of the "Alliance for Progress"
and outlines goals and the course to be pur-
sued in bringing about both rapid as well as
sustained economic and social development;
regional economic integration and provision
for sufficient expansion of trade based on
basic exports. The final two objectives com-
plement the initial one in their aim- of at-
tempting to lift Latin America out of - its
present submerged economic and social posi-
tion.
There are twelve major goals which are
enumerated in the first part of the Punta
del Este Charter and these are of paramount
importance: The participating republics-
thereby formally promise to work toward a
substantial growth in per capita income in
Latin America; improve the distributionof
national income; achieve a balanced diversi-
fication of their economies; accelerate the -
industrialization process; increase produc-
tivity and agricultural production; promote
agrarian reforms; eliminate illiteracy; im-
prove individual and collective health; aid in
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solving the pressing problem of housing;
maintain stable price levels; strengthen ex-
isting agreements; develop cooperative pro-
grams in connection with the Latin Ameri-
can export trade.
The above-indicated goals will prove ex-
tremely difficult to accomplish In view of
existing conditions in the Western Hemi-
sphere, and the difficulty in acomplishing
same will be further increased through the
absolute necessity of injecting at least the
$20 billion indicated, Into the economies of
the countries of the Americas. The attain-
ment of these goals, would In addition, be
dependent on the 'United States participat-
ing in multilateral price stabilizing agree-
ments on basic Latin American exports, as
coffee, etc., support of the creation of an in-
ternational fund for stabilizing export earn-
ings of Latin American countries and from
the Latin American side of the picture, a
prompt Implementing of substantial develop-
ment programs covering broad reforms of an
agrarian nature, tax systems, public admin-
istration, etc.
The Punta del Este Charter specifically
indicates that each government will formu-
late its own goals, priorities and reforms
within their own national development pro-
grams, and does not provide for any specific
cooperation between countries through
which the program of each can be Integra-
tion on a regional basis, ultimately leading
to a Western Hemisphere common market,
as that which has resulted In the fabulous
boom now taking place in Europe. Much
too little was accomplished at the Punta del
Este Conference toward the establishment
of a common market, despite the many ref-
erences In the charter relating to the desir-
ability and need for this type of regional
economic integration.
The Alliance for Progress agreement will
prove to be particularly meaningless to the
countries of the Americas unless It leads to
an economic integration between the various
countries of the Americas In the near future.
POWER OF THE PRESS
(By Fred A. Orleans)
The battle for Latin America is taking place
on the newsstands of every city and every
remote village in all the countries of the
Americas. The Communists are spending an
acknowledged 6100 million a year to flood
Latin America with well-written, well-Illus-
trated, and well-prepared books and maga-
zines which are given away free or sold for
a mere pittance.
With an expenditure of approximately $7
million in 1960 for propaganda In Latin
America, It is very clear to those who seek
the true answers, why the United States is
definitely losing the battle for Latin America
despite promises of practically unlimited aid
through the Alliance for Progress. If we do
not get our message through to the people,
we cannot hope to meet the challenge of an
enemy who makes extensive use of the prop-
aganda mediums we seem so reluctant to em-
ploy.
The publishing industry of the United
States can easily overwhelm the Red propa-
ganda in Latin America, if given the chance.
The time has long since passed when the
United States should have turned on its
printing presses and flooded Latin America
newsstands with the superior publications
which they are capable of producing.
The United States must take the offensive
in the field of psychological warfare, utIllz-
.Ing the techniques of mass communications,
of which it acknowledgeably Is the world
leader, to tell its story to the people of
Latin- America, so that these people will not
be conquered by the Communists in the fight
for men's minds without a single shot being
fired in the defense of democracy.
Twentieth Anniversary of the First Flight
of an American ,ietplane
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. WILLIAM E. MILLER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, October 1, 1962
Mr. MILLER of New York, Mr.
Speaker, today is the 20th anniversary
of the first flight of an American jet
which was built by the Bell Aircraft
Corp., In Buffalo, N.Y., known as the
city of good neighbors.
The Niagara Frontier industrialists
and labor contributed a great deal of
many first to the betterment of our coun-
try and the American people.
The P-59, the first American jetplane,
was built under the untmost secrecy In
the Old Ford Motor Co. assembly plant
on Main Street at Rodney, Buffalo, N.Y.
The windows were welded shut, the lower
panes painted, and all entrances to the
building were guarded 24 hours a day.
Construction of the plane was com-
pleted on September 12, 1942. Crated
and canvas-covered parts were shipped
by rail to California for flight tests on
Muroc Dry Lake on the Mojave Desert.
When heavy rains flooded the dry lake
where test flights were being made, the
plane had to be moved over the highway
to another location. To hide the jet's
identity, it was wrapped in canvas to
camouflage its unusual configuration,
and a dummy propeller was attached to
the front.
The following article concerning the
first jet appeared in one of our leading
newspapers, the Buffalo Evening News,
on September 29, 1962;
AMERICA'S FiasT JETPLANE buns HERE 20
YEARS Aco
There is a touch of irony In Buffalo being
among the last of the big American cities
to make its airport big enough for the op-
eration of jet airplanes.
There is likewise a touch of Irony in the
controversy stirred up by suburbanites north
and east of the city objecting to Greater
Buffalo International Airport being con-
verted Into a jet airport.
These things are ironic because Buffalo
is the birthplace of the American jetplane.
Building the first American jet was one
of a long string of "firsts" for the old Bell
Aircraft Corp., now the Bell Aerosystems
Co. And It was a development that opened
up a new chapter in aviation history that
is still being written.
Monday will be the 20th anniversary of
the first flight by that first American jet,
which Bell had put together In the former
Ford assembly plant at Main and Rodney
Streets that is now a Trico plant.
Although jets are common enough these
days, the first one was one of the most
secret developments in the history of avia-
tion.
The story of Buffalo's role in this urgent
development had its beginings on Septem-
ber 5. 1941, 3 months before Pearl Harbor.
The late Lawrence D. Bell, president of
Bell Aircraft, and his chief engineer, Har-
land W. foyer, had been summoned to
Washington for a conference with General
Hap Arnold, then commanding general of
the Army Air Corps.
The Bell executives were told that- a new
kind of plane had been developed by Group
Capt. Frank Whittle of Britain's RAF and
was flying In England.
The General Electric Co., under a special
agreement between the United States and
Britain, had been assigned to build a jet
engine in this country. Larry Bell was
asked to design and build the fighter plane
that would be powered by the GE turbojets.
Work on the design of this revolutionary
new plane began immediately upon return
of Mr. Bell and Mr. Poyer to Buffalo. Mr.
Bell called a small group of key engineers
to his office, swore them to secrecy, and as-
signed them to design the first jet-propelled
plane.
Because this was an entirely new concept
of aircraft propulsion, there was little prec-
edent which the design group could use.
Edgar P. Rhodes, now Bell's assistant chief
engineer of aerospace design, was among the
engineers summoned to Mr. Bell's office. He
was designated project engineer.
"All we had to work with at the start was
a freehand sketch of the General Electric
engine on 8y2-by-il-inch paper." Mr. Rhodes
recalled. "But six of us, working under ex-
treme security measures, explored various
configurations and put together a complete
proposal and a one-twentieth scale model
for Mr. Bell to submit for approval."
The Army Air Corps awarded Bell a con-
tract on September 30, 1941, to design and
build three jet-propelled fighter planes-
the forerunners of a whole new breed of
military and commercial aircraft.
As the engineering group was expanded,
Bell leased space in the old Ford assembly
plant at Main and Rodney Streets. Win-
dows of the building were welded shut and,
although high above street level, the lower
panes were painted to prevent transparency.
All entrances were guarded around the
clock and a special system of employee iden-
tification was set up.
Engineering work progressed and, within
6 months of receiving the go-ahead, the de-
sign was finished, Manufacturing began on
January 9, 1942.
On August 4, 1942, the first of two turbojet
engines arrived in Buffalo from the General
Electric plant at Lynn, Mass. Military po-
llee guarded the unit, living in the railroad
car in which it had been shipped to Buffalo.
At the Bell plant, the engine remained un-
der 24-hour guard.
It was decided to conduct all flight tests
at the Army bombing and gunnery range
(now called Edwards Air Force Base) at Mu-
roe Dry Lake In California's Mojave Desert.
Construction of America's first jet plane
was completed on September 12, 1942-a lit-
tle more than a year after General Arnold
held that first conference with Larry Bell
in Washington. The XP-59A was disassem-
bled for shipment to California.
Because sections of the plane were too big
for the doors of the Main Street factory
building, a hole was knocked in the brick
wall. The plane sections, crated or wrapped
in canvas, were lowered by crane to waiting
railroad cars.
An officer and five enlisted men, with or-
ders to guard the plane (later named the
Airacomet) with their lives, made a cross-
country trip with the XP-59A. A huge com-
pressor fed air through the jet engines to
keep them turning slowly throughout the
entire trip. This was done because the en-
gineers feared the bearings might be dam-
aged by the constant pounding of the train
along the rails.
The XP-59A, still in good shape, arrived
at Muroc on September 19. Workmen im-
mediately began to put the plane together.
ft took a week.
The jet engines were run up for the first
time In the plane on September 26. The
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