ATTACKS ON FOREIGN SHIPS BY EXILES FROM CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220025-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2004
• Sequence Number: 25
• Publication Date: March 28, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

United States
of America
Approved For Release 2004/06/23: CIA-RDP65B00,
(ton rr.,,.ttsional Record
Zan~rcisionaL PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 88th CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
Vol. 109 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, MARCH 28, 1963
House of Representatives
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
The Reverend Harley S. Hill, Wesleyan
Methodist Church, Herrickville, Pa.,
offered the following prayer:
Psalm 1:1, 2: Blessed is the man who
walketh not in the counsel of the un-
godly, nor standeth in the way of sin-
ners, nor sitteth in the seat of the
scornful.
Our Father which art in heaven hal-
lowed be Thy name. We come to Thee
in the name of Thy Son, Jesus. The poet
wrote: "In the beauty of the lilies Christ
was born across the sea, with a glory
in His vision that transfigures you and
me. As He died to make men holy so He
died to make -men free." 0, God, build
this'"Nation. not with second-growth
timber, but with virgin growth made
strong by the north wind until our tap-
root gets down to the solid rock of God's
divine grace. The Bible states about a
nation which should be the head and not
the tail. 0, God, do not allow our eyes
to become besmeared so that we cannot
see the way Thou bast marked out for
us, nor our minds dulled with selfishness
and greed, nor our ears. deaf to, Thy
voice.
The Bible says, "Ye shall hear a voice
behind thee, saying `This is the way,
walk ye in it.' "
There will be such voices heard, but
may we listen only to Thy voice. We be-
lieve that Thou hast raised us up as a
nation to make a safe home for the free
and the brave.
_ Bless Mr. Kennedy, our President;
help us to hold up his hands in all that is
right and strong. Bless the Speaker of
the House, each officer, "and each Rep-
respntative. Give each divine wisdom to
know the right and the wrong.
Blot out as a thick cloud our.trans-
gressions and, as a cloud, our sins.
In the name of the triune God.
Amen..
'THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the, proceedings of
Monday, March 25, 1963, was. read' and
approved.
COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS
Mr. KIRWAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Appropriations have until midnight
tonight to file a privileged report on the
Department of the Interior and related
agencies appropriation bill for 1964.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Ohio?
There was no objection.
Mr. HARRISON. Mr. Speaker, I re-
serve all points of order on the bill.
COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND IN-
SULAR AFFAIRS
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Interior and Insular Affairs have un-
til midnight tonight to file a report on
H.R. 3120 and H.R. 3845.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Colo-
rado?
There was no objection.
CORRECTION OF THE RECORD
Mr. BURKHALTER. Mr. Speaker, on
Monday, March 18, 1963, I asked for
and received permission to revise and
extend my remarks in regard to the peti-
tion of the Hollywood film unions pur-
suant to seeking Federal aid in curbing
runaway film production. Inadvert-
ently three of the unions that partici-
pated were omitted from the article. I
again ask permission to revise my re-
marks by adding the names of these
3 unions which are: Motion Picture Set
Painters, Laboratory Technicians, and
Motion Picture Crafts Services; in this
way, the RECORD will have the names of
all 10 participating unions.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
California?
There was no. objection.
ANNUAL REPORT OF COMMITTEE
ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
Mr. WILLIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Un-American Activities have permis-
sion to file the annual report of the com-
mittee for 1962.
No. 46
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Louisiana?
There was no objection.
HOSPITAL INSURANCE ACT OF 1963
(Mr. KING of California asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute, and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. KING of California. Mr. Speaker,
on February 21, at the request of Presi-
dent Kennedy, I introduced H.R. 3920,
the Hospital Insurance Act of 1963. As
I am sure all of you are aware, this is the
President's proposal for health insurance
for the aged under the social security
insurance system. I am today proud to
state that 21 of my distinguished col-
leagues from the State of California have
introduced identical bills. I also am
very proud to state that a number of my
colleagues in the House already have in-
troduced identical bills and, I am confi-
dent, there will be others who will do so
as time goes by.
I think it is a significant development
that 22 Members of the California dele-
gation are now cosponsors of this exceed-
ingly important legislative proposal and
that, as of the present time, a total of 49
-Members of the House are sponsors of
the bill, or bills quite similar in purpose.
I am gratified that this is the case.
I should like to take this occasion to
again state that this legislation in my
judgment will solve a problem which
becomes more pressing with each passing
month, and it deserves early and careful
consideration.- This is meritorious and
fiscally sound legislation. Its adoption
has been far too long delayed. I am
urging that it be given executive consid-
eration by the Committee on Ways and
Means as soon as we complete our cur-
rent schedule on the President's 1963 tax
message. I am hopeful we will be suc-
cessful in this endeavor. I now invite
and urge other Members of the House
who have not already done so to join
with me in sponsoring and working for
the early enactment of this legislation.
Illness among the aged, and its after-
math of financial crises and ruin, wait for
no one. We can and should act now on
this bill.
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 elate &M? R,A} ? .03$ 00220025-1 March 28
TTACKS ON FOREINN SHIPS BY
j ILF-c FROM CUBA
W. JOELSON asked and was given
permission to address the House for I
Minute , and to revise and extend his
reI1a .)
Mr I1.0" SON. Mr. Speaker, I am
reading with Increasing concern of at-
tacks being made on foreign ships by
exiles from Cuba who are presently in
the United States.
These attacks are directly in contra-
vention of U.S. policy and have been
made In spite of repeated requests from
high Government officials of the United
States to desist. The only purpose that
can possibly underly these attacks is to
create Incidents which will involve the
people of the United States in an all-out
shooting war.
To put it very bluntly, these Cuban
exiles have been admitted to the United
States in order to give them a place of
asylum. We must now make it clear
to them that we will Immediately expel
from these shores any Cuban exiles who
so deliberately flaunt the policy of our
Government.
We Inthe United States certainly are
determined to oppose Castro-Cuba and
Communist Intrusion in this hemisphere.
However, we work through our duly
constituted leaders in the tradition of
the democratic self-government. Any
Cuban exile who presently finds haven
in this country should get out im-
mediately if he will not abide by the
processes of orderly democratic gov-
ernment.
A STRANGE POLICY DECISION
(Mr. MARSH asked and was given
permission revise and House
extend for
minute and to his
remarks.)
Mr. MARSH. - Mr. Speaker, our col-
league, Mr. WYrw e, performed a public
service on Monday last in directing the
attention of the House to the attend-
ance of a succession of Yugoslav offi-
cers at the U.S. Army Command and
General Staff College.
As our colleague pointed out, and as
I should like to reemphasize, these Com-
munist officers -w.,..e not sought as stit-
In the rank of colonel, now are major
generals, and one is the chief of Mar-
shal Tito's military cabinet.
Why should the U.S. Army have
thrust on it instruction of officers of a
cQAunut nation?
DEDUCTION FOR PAYMENT OF RE-
DEEMABLE GROUND RENTS
Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani-
mous consent to take from the Speaker's
desk the bill (H.R. 1597) relating to the
tax treatment of redeemable ground
rents, with Senate amendments thereto.
and concur in the Senate amendments.
alter the substance of the House bill or
its basic effect.
I urge that the House concur in the
amendments of the other body.
DESIGNATING APRIL 11, 1963, FOR
CELEBRATION OF PAN-AMERICAN
DAY
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, on be-
half of the Committee on Foreign Affairs,
I call up House Resolution 300, designat-
ing April 11, 1963, for the celebration of
Pan-American Day, and ask for its im-
mediate consideration.
The Clerk read the resolution, as fol-
The Clerk read the title of the bill. lows:
The Clerk read tha Senate amend- H. Hen. 300
ments, as follows: Resolved, That the House of Representa-
Page 3, after line 10, insert: tives hereby designates Thursday, April 11,
"(C) REDEEMABLE GROUND RENT DErUeEO- 1963 the celebration the Pan-American
an- of the
For purposes of this subtitle, the term 're- Day, on. which y. after appropriate to such f the
deemable ground rent' means only a ground Journal, remarks rent with respect to which- sion may occur.
(1) there is a lease of land which is as-
signable Mr. Speaker, will the
signable by the lessee without the consent Mr.
gentleman ADAIR.
of the lessor and which (together with peri-
ods for which the lease may be renewed Mr. BELDEN. I yield to the gentle-
at the option of the lessee) is for a term in man from Indiana.
excess of 15 years, Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Speaker, this matter
'?(2) the leaseholder has a present or fu- has been cleared with the minority side
ture right to terminate, and to acquire the and there is no objection to it. We think
entire Interest of the lessor in the land, by it is excellent idea.
payment of a determined or determinable an The SPEAKER. excelThe question is on
amount, which right exists by virtue of State the resolution.
or local law and not because of any private
agreement or privately created condition, A The motion resolution
and reconsider was laid on the
"(3) the lessor's interest in the land is table.
primarily a security interest to protect the
rental payments to which the lessor is en-
titled under the lease."
Page 3, line 11, strike "'(c)" and insert;
,(d)"
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Ar-
kansas?
There was no objection.
The Senate amendments were con-
curred in.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
(Mr. MILLS asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, as the
Members will recall. H.R. 1597, which
was passed by the House under unan-
h
re
e emu,, . t . ......,, .. ^
dents by t
quired to accept them by decision of deals with the tax treatment in Mary-
higher authority. No criticism should land of both the buyer of a home sub-
attach to the Army In regard to this ject to a redeemable ground rent and the
policy, which
ear has been in effect for more person redeemable ground rent. Under
than 10 years.
I am sure it will be Incomprehensible the bill, for the home buyer the ground
to many citizens, however, that it was rent paid would be treated as a mortgage
decided the national interest would be interest payment and, therefore, deduct-
served by admitting officers of Commu- able by him for tax purposes. As to the
nist Yugoslavia to one of our most im- seller of the real property, the property
faces amif sold ount equalc
portant il we train for top command mortgage in a treated
hand how to the
4V I--+- -romising price of the
ile
e
force which ground rent, and as a result, the redeem America, incorporated, to maintain the bar- ti
officers of our ownmArmya
may be called on to fight a Communist able ground rent would be taken into berahop quartet style of close harmony sing-
aggressor. account in determining his sale price for ing as a traditional form of native American
Obviously, the Yugoslav Govern- the property and would be reflected in music, and of their efforts, through their
ment, has taken full advantage of this any gain Or loss recognized to him. stimulus to good music and vocal harmony,
to keep America singing. The President of
opportunity to learn of American mili- An amendment to the bill was adopted the United States is authorized and re-
tary doctrine by sending some of Its best by the other body which adds a section quested to issue a proclamation Inviting
officers to study under our instructors providing a definition of the term "re- the people of the United States to join in the
at Fort Leavenworth. Three of these deemable ground rent." This is in the observance of such week with appropriate
- .,.,A A.,,,- ..,,f --Ina and activities-
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DESIGNATING WEEK OF APRIL 15,
1963, AS "NATIONAL HARMONY
WEEK"
Mr. FORRESTER. Mr. Speaker, I
can up House Joint Resolution 282 and
ask for its immediate consideration.
The Clerk read the joint resolution,
as follows:
Whereas April 11, 1963, marks the twenty-
fifth anniversary of the founding of the
Society for the Preservation and Encourage-
ment of Barber Shop Quartet Singing in
America, Incorporated; and
Whereas the Society for the Preservation
and Encouragement of Barber Shop Quartet
Singing in America, Incorporated, a non-
profit, fraternal organization dedicated to
the preservation and promotion of the
uniquely American art form known as the
barbershop quartet style of close harmony
singing, will celebrate the twenty-fifth an-
niversary of its founding during the six-day
period beginning April 15, 1963: Now, there-
fore, be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of America
in Congress assembled, That the six-day
period beginning April 15, 1963, and ending
April 20, 1963, both dates inclusive, is
hereby designated as "National Harmonyt?i- -
the successful efforts of the members of the
Society for the Preservation and Encourage
ment of Barber Shop Quartet Singing It
.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
such resistance to Communist persuasion
as currently exists in that area of the world.
As mentioned in an earlier report of the
Subcommittee on Zurope, it would be fool-
':iardyto expect any major changes to occur
within the Soviet bloc in the near future.
The national Communist regimes continue
to exercise effective control over the peoples
of those countries. This control shows no
gign of any significant- cracks. The bloc's
economic relations with the United States
and with other free countries, and such ex-
change programs as are currently in effect
between the free world and some members
f the Soviet bloc, will not alter this situa-
on. They will not produce an overflow
the national Communist regimes, nor
ise them to suffer a change of heart and
ab ndon thegoal ofa "Communist world
system" _ At best, they constitute an invest-
ment in maintaining Western presence be-
hind the Iron Clartain and in sustaining the
captive peoples' basic Western orientation-
an investment which may pay off in the long
run when the, interaction of other, more
weighty events will make it possible for the
peoples behind the Iron Curtain to exert
direct influence upon the domestic and ex-
ternal policies of their countries.
The study group is of the opinion that the
Congress and the executive branch should
continue to give careful attention to develop.
Inents within the captive European nations.
The study group further believes that spar-
ing and carefully designed use of the in-
struments of our foreign policy-including
trade and other relations-with respect to
these countries is appropriate and, in the
long run, niay produce results beneficial to
the United. States.
Mr. Speaker, I fear that I have im-
posed excessively upon the time of the
Members here present. I felt, however,
that the things I have said needed to
be put into the REcoan to keep the Mem-
bers of the House fully apprised of the
activities of my committee, relating to
the captive nations. I can assure the
membership of the House that the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs, and the Sub-
committee on Europe, under the able
chairmanship of Congresswoman EDNA
F. KELLY, of New York, will continue to
pay careful attention to developments
within the captive nations, and to make
appropriate legislative recommendations
bearing on this subject to the House of
Representatives.
=THE GREEK SHIPPING
RECORD
pelmission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, on
March 25 I made a statement on the
floor of the House drawing attention to
a press release issued by the Royal Greek
Embassy Press and Information Service
announcing a royal decree had been
--promulgated to stop all Greek shipping
to captive Cuba, known to all who are
literate and many who are not as a Rus-
sian beachhead in the Western Hemi-
sphere. A careful reading of that Royal
Decree, however, revealed an exception
to its application which for all practical
purposes nullified the decree. That ex-
ception applied to all Greek-flag ships
under time-charter contract, that is,
Greek ships under contract to carry
cargo to Russian-occupied Cuba for a
period of time set by contract.
When I read that press statement I
was shocked by the all too obvious at-
tempt to create by a mirror of words, a
public impression that did violence to
the facts. Anyone with a passing
knowledge of international commerce
and the meaning of time-charter con-
tract in the shipping business would
have been equally shocked. To right
this situation, very likely provoked by
the growing public pressure in the
United States against all who provide
succor to the Russian regime in Cuba, I
called upon the Greek Government to
move with haste in making a full public
disclosure of the facts about Greek-flag
ships calling at Cuba. I felt the Ameri-
can people were entitled to all the facts,
not a carefully tailored press statement,
and suggested action within 48 hours
was a reasonable expectation.
That 48 hours has passed and I am un-
aware of any public disclosure of the
facts being released by the Royal Greek
Embassy Press and Information Service.
Consequently, I will provide an assist.
The information which I have been able
to secure from official U.S. sources is not
claimed to be complete. But I do state
it to be accurate and very revealing.
Since-January 1, 1963, up to March
25, 1963, a total of 43 ships flying the flag
of a free-world nation have carried cargo
to captive Cuba. Greek-flag ships head
the list-a total of 13 with an estimated
total cargo in excess of 100,000 tons.
This questionable first place honor is
shared with British-flag ships, a total of
13 carried cargo to Cuba during the same
3-month period. The British-flag ships
won first prize in total tonnage-over
150,000 tons. But the British have made
no official gesture to conceal their tar-
nished laurels. -
A further look at the record reveals
that a total of 31 Greek-flag ships carried
cargo to captive Cuba during the period
September 1, 1962, to December 31, 1962.
That was the period of intensive Russian
military buildup in Cuba. At that time
the danger signals on what the Russians
were up to in Cuba were clear for all to
see. - Those danger signals reached such
a critical point in early October that
President Kennedy was required to meet
the threat head on, which he did in his
address to the Nation, and to the world,
on October 22.
The record also reveals that a total of
171 Greek-flag ships have carried cargo
to captive Cuba since January 1, 1902-
a short period of 15 months. That aver-
ages over 11 Greek-flag ships per month
for the 15-month period.
It is estimated that 80 percent of
Greek-flag ships were under time-charter
contract to the Russians or Russian bloc
regimes during 1962.
That is the record, at least a large part
of it, up to last Monday, March 25, 1963.
I preferred and hoped ? that the Royal
Greek Embassy Press and Information
Service would make this disclosure, but
when they did not, I did so in the inter-
est of keeping the record straight.
One large question remains to be an-
swered in the form of a public disclosure
by the Royal Greek Embassy Press and
Information Service. That question is-
How many Greek-flag ships are still un-
der time-charter contract to the Rus-
sians or any of their stooge Communist
regimes and how much time remains on
each of those contracts? This is an im-
portant question because an answer to it
will reveal how many Greek-flag ships
will be carrying cargo to captive Cuba
during the months if not years ahead.
Every ship, regardless of which flag it
flies, carrying cargo to captive Cuba,
strikes at the cause of human freedom in
the Western Hemisphere. That is a
reality with which we and our sister re-
publics of the hemisphere must live.
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4656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
PROGRAM FOR WEEK OF APRIL 1 Herbert Lehman's supreme integrity,
Mr. HAr LE.CK. Mr. Speaker, I ask great Intellect and deep concern for jus-
unanimous consent to proceed for 1 tice, human dignity and freedom an com-
minute In order to inquire of the ma- bine to make him one of the most re-
jority leader as to the program for next spected and beloved politicians of all
week and for the balance of this week. time, Throughout his career he has been
The SPEAKER. is there objection to a vigilant defender of civil liberties and
the request of the gentleman from his courageous fight against the scourge
Indiana? Of McCarthyism long will be remem-
There was no objection. bered.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the At the age of 80, when he had already
gentleman yield? received the highest honors the people
Mr. HALLECK. , I yield. of New York State could bestow. Sena-
Mr. ALBERT. There will be some tor Lehman undertook a crusade for
i th b
d
t
f
he has been a source of great inspira-
tion.
Mr. Speaker, last night on the eve of
his 85th birthday Governor Lehman cele-
brated with his family and friends. It
was wonderful to see him surrounded by
those who love him and to know that he
is recovering so well from his recent
accident.
Mr. Speaker, I am sure all Members
will want to join today in extending to
Senator Lehman and Mrs. Lehman and
their family our best wishes on this hap-
py occasion and to wish the Governor
many more happy birthdays.
e oss sys-
aga ns
political re
orm an
tem in New York. As the spiritual fath-
er of the reform Democratic movement,
WELFARE OF ALL THE PEOPLE
(Mr. CANNON asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, the
Rural Electrification Administration
came into being in 1935, 12 years after
I came to Congress. The program has
proven highly effective. In that year
only 6 percent of Missouri's farms, and
11 percent of the Nation's farms, were
electrified. Today, 98 percent of our
farms are electrified, and every farm
and home In rural America that wants
this service can have it,
There are some who point to the $3
billion REA has outstanding on its elee-
trification loans and say the cost is too
high. But this is not an item of cost.
It is investment, gilt edge and the best
investment the Government ever has
made in a domestic program.
Look at the record. From its begin-
ning, REA has advanced just over $4 bil-
lion to Its electrification borrowers-$1.1
billion has been repaid on principal, $200
million of this was paid in advance of
due date. In addition; $550 million has
been paid in interest. Losses total less
than $50,000. No bank, no Govern-
ment agency, no group of borrowers
have ever before built up such a record.
The benefits have not stopped at our
city and town lines. The rural electrifi-
cation program has stimulated expendi-
ture of as much as $20 billion of private
funds, $5 for each $1 of Federal invest-
ment. This has gone for electrical wir-
ing, appliances and equipment, all manu-
factured in our cities from the raw ma-
terials of our mines and farms. It has
kept down rates and reduced monthly
electric bills In the city as well as in the
March 28
country. Labor has benefitted, as have
industry and commerce. Rural electrifi-
cation has been good for all America.
It is truly an all-American program.
Time after time, attempts have been
made to cut back and cut down on rural
electrification. These attacks have been
made In the courts, in the Appropria-
tions Committee, in other commitees,
and on the floor of this House. The guns
were always loaded by the power com-
pany lobbyists who have never stopped
trying. When they could not put
through cuts in loan funds, they tried
to cripple REA by cutting administrative
expenses appropriations. Their main
target has always been and still is loans
for generating plants. These loans-the
main defense of the electric cooperatives
against the raiders-have been the life-
line of the rural electrics. Only last year,
we defeated an attempt to cut down that
lifeline. And we can expect them back
again this year. Like Khrushchev, they
have warned us they will be back.
Another line of attack over the years
has been to put the electric cooperatives'
generating loans under the jurisdiction
of the Federal Power Commission. This
was tried by a Senate committee rider
to the urgent deficient appropriation bill
for 1946. It was beaten down by a vote
of 52 to 21 after Senate friends of rural
electrification warned that adoption of
the rider would hamstring the program.
Bills to achieve this same result were
brought to the floor of the House in 1946
and again in 1948. Even our Appropria-
tions Committee in the House urged this
in Its May 1947 report on the Agriculture
appropriation bill for 1948.
We have held the line all these years
in the Congress. We have so far saved
rural electrification when it was threat-
ened. But a new threat from a new di-
rection faces the program today. The
Federal Power Commission has in recent
weeks made the opening moves in the
direction of exercising jurisdiction over
the rural electric cooperatives. I have
heard from systems in my own State
who are deeply concerned about the
Commission moving in on them. They
are concerned with more than the threat
to regulate them as public utilities-
which they are not. They see the preda-
tory power companies seizing upon this
as a new opportunity to interfere and
delay. And if the companies do not suc-
ceed before the Commission, they can
take them to court, piling further delay
and expense on their nonprofit opera-
tions-hoping to break them down.
There is nothing In the REA and FPC
statutes, absolutely nothing, to warrant
FPC's assumption of jurisdiction. Con-
gress has never intended that FPC re-
view loans made by REA. The Federal
Power Act gave the Commission juris-
diction over public utility financing to
protect private investors. The United
States does not need protection as an
investor in rural electrification. The
Federal Power Act gives the Commission
jurisdiction over electric power rates
charged to the public by the public utili-
ties within its regulatory sphere. The
electric cooperatives are self-regulating
in this respect. Their member-con-
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 1963 Approved EUDM*p?gIM~,/f6ky~&&RDP
NEW ENGLAND COUNCIL QUESTIONS LEGALITY
OF PRESIDENT'S RESIDUAL OIL DECISION
BOSTON -The New England Council has
questioned the legality of the recent White
House decision to maintain residual oil
quotas and said the decision perpetuates a
Government protected cartel.
In a joint statement, James S. Couzens,
chairman of the council's fuel committee and
Gardner A. Caverly, executive vice president
of the council, condemned the decision as
contrary to the administration's own study
done by the Office of Emergency Planning
and called on the President to either directly
regard or disregard the report.
The council statement said that section 7,
of the Trade Agreements Act of 1958, as
amended by the Trade Expansion Act of 1962,
gives the President authority to establish
residual oil quotas once a national security
justification has been established; but in the
absence of such a finding or determination
he does not have legal authority to maintain
it.
"In Its February 13 report, the Office of
Emergency Planning stated residual oil con-
trols were not in the interest of national
security, and that they have little to do with
unemployrhent- in the coal industry," said
Mr. Caverly. "Accordingly there appears no
valid economic or security reason for con-
trols to continue and this would give rise as
to whether the Trade Agreements Act is be-
ing violated."
"The announced 9.6 percent increase in
residual oil imports will do little more than
replace the domestic production decline,"
Mr. Couzens said, "and this still leaves strong
enough supply-demand pressures to require
New England residual oil consumers to pay
23 cents a barrel more- than- in other coun-
tries such as Canada." Residual oil is used
as heating fuel for apartment houses and
large office buildings and it also affects the
cost of many electric utilities.
"The residual oil import quotas let only
enough oil into the country to meet de-
mands and this keeps per barrel costs arti-
ficially high," said Mr. Couzens.
The statement also said the quota system
"locked buyers and sellers together, thus
eliminating competition-a situation that
the Justice Department condemned in the
OEP report."
"The only' reason for the President's de-
cision to maintain residual oil import restric-
tions appears to be pressures put on the
White House by' misguided leaders of the
coal industry," Caverly concluded.
The statement also said the council is not
giving up - its battle for removal of residual
oil quota restrictions but is considering ex-
panding its program to include removal of
restrictions for the entire industry and not
just residual oils.
Mr. ST GERMAIN. - Mr. Speaker, un-
doubtedly one of the Most important
aims of our foreign policy is economic
development in Latin America. This
aim is essential to our Nation's security.
Cuba has brought home to all of us
the importance of close cooperation and
understanding among the Americas, if
freedom is to be preserved in our hemi-
sphere.
One of our Latin, American neighbors,
Venezuela, has been recognized by Presi-
dent Kennedy for its progress in freedom.
Speaking to their people, President Ken-
nedy said: -
Here in Venezuela the meaning of the
new Allianza Para El Progresso is being dem-
onstrated, for you have made a transition
from a repressing dictatorship to a free life
for the people of this country, to a progres-
sive democratic rule under one of the great
democratiq states of the Western Hemi-
sphere. * * * The United States and Vene-
zuela are bound together and in the 14360's a very difficult time in the face of uncer-
I believe we can demonstrate, so that "all the tain markets and the threat of increased
world will follow our example, that freedom taxation.
and prosperity can move hand in hand and
with your distinguished President, who has
been working in this field for so many years
and who is now showing the people of this
country and hemisphere what real progress
for the people can mean.
Mr. Speaker, our good relationships
with Venezuela are in jeopardy if resid-
ual oil import restrictions are allowed
to continue. This small Latin American
country directly or indirectly supplies
the United States with 90 percent of its
residual oil, and since 1959 when import
restrictions were imposed, the economic
development of Venezuela has been se-
verely hampered.
An Office of Emergency Planning re-
port says that development of residual
oil supplies from Venezuela is essential
to our national security. We cannot ex-
pect Venezuela to turn her refineries
on and off, holding her production at the
ready, waiting to serve the United States
in the event of war.
If we continue to deny Venezuela the
natural established outlet for her pro-
duction, we undermine her economy in
time of peace and weaken her ability to
meet extra demands in time of war.
The importance of residual oil to the
Venezuelan economy can best be c4emorir
strated by the following: In U.S. re-
fineries less than 10 percent of every bar-
rel of crudeoil becomes residual. This
byproduct is slowly decreasing because
it is more profitable in this country to
produce other petroleum products; quite
the contrary in Venezuela.
Residual oil is a major product for
this Latin American ally. Each barrel
of crude oil produces 55 percent residual
oil as compared to under 10 percent for
the United States.
In Venezuela 95 percent of foreign
trade income is from petroleum products,
and the United States is their No. 1
customer.
Residual oil restrictions pose a real
threat to the Venezuelan economy. They
threaten the success of our Latin Amer-
ican policies and therefore undermine
our national security.
The restrictions must be lifted.
Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, our colleagues
from New England have little reason to
complain about the administration's
policy with regard to import quotas on
residual fuel oil.
The President's decision to increase
imports by some 50,000 barrels in the
import year beginning April 1 seems to
demonstrate that he: has not changed
the views he held when as Senator Ken-
nedy, of Massachusetts, he urged the un-
restricted. import of this cheap waste
product. -
The complaints should come from the
domestic producers of oil, the coal
miners, the railroad workers and many,
many others who will suffer unemploy
ment and economic loss because domestic
welfare has been sacrificed ruthlessly to -
international politics.
This is of great importance in the
State of Ohio where our great coal in-
dustry is already depressed and where
the independent oil producers are having
friends are wise toplace their reliance
upon Venezuelan sources of fuel. They
may pay dearly for the cheap fuel they
enjoy this year if the uncertain political
climate in the Caribbean cuts off this
foreign source of supply.
They are closing- their eyes to the Na-
tion's welfare and to their own welfare.
The Office of Emergency Planning is
equally shortsighted when it says that
the Nation need not rely upon its own
sources of energy. -
I believe it is time for congressional
review of this entire problem and con-
gressional action to establish a realistic
and. effective control on the imports of
residual fuel oil. Greatly as we may
desire the friendship of Venezuela and
wish to enhance its economic position,
as much as we would like to assist our
New England, friends, and the tremen-
dous volume of New England manufac-
tured products sold in Ohio is a demon-
stration of this desire, it seems to me
that the - national security and the wel-
fare of domestic industry must have
UNAUTHORIZED ATTACKS ON
CUBAN SHIPPING
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
the previous order of the House, the
gentleman from Florida [Mr. CRAMER]
is recognized for 30 minutes. -
(Mr. CRAMER asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks and include extraneous matter.),
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker; I am be-
coming increasingly concerned over the
apparent lack of willingness on the part
of the Justice and State Departments
to prosecute U.S. citizens who over the
past -26 months, have been illegally ven-
turing to Cuba through the open door
of subversion-the Cuban Embassy in
Mexico-or to close this door.
Over the last 2 weeks, I have dis-
cussed this situation at length on the
floor of this body and have inserted in-
formation pertaining thereto in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. In addition, I
have. written letters to the President,
Secretary of State and the House Un-
American Activities Committee on this
subject. From- extremely reliable
sources, I have furnished names of
U.S. citizens making this trip to Cuba to
the House Un-American Activities Com-
mittee for investigation-from the mani-
fests of the Cubans Airlines in Mexico
City. I have, today, given the House
Un-American Activities Committee a list
of an additional 24 American citizens
bringing to 97, the -number of U.S. citi-
zens I have turned over to the House
Un-American Activities Committee who
have made this illegal trip over a
6-month period in 1962. I am doing so
in hopes of prodding the Justice and
State Departments into taking some ac-
tion against these violators who openly
and notoriously advertise their visits,
many of whom are known Communists,
and who are raising funds for Commu-
nist front organizations. - I cannot un-
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March 28
derstand why the executive branch has each of these pages, advertisements Mr. Lee, who is known to have ,made
been reluctant to turn these names over appear promoting lectures given by various trips to Cuba, one early this year,
to the House Un-American Activities t rned citizens b who and have recently re- originad e who are, in turn, of the FairPlay~fora Cuba Committee.
Committee.
Mr. Speaker, the Cuban Embassy in promoting the Castro-Communist cause. Tampa, incidentally, was in my district
Mexico, the open door through which Most of their appearance's are held un- up until this year and now borders my
Communist subversives from throughout der the auspices of the Fair Play for district. He has apparently hit the big
the Americas gain entrance to Cuba and Cuba Committee. time in Communist circles, for my last
then return to their respective home- In the June 9, 1962, issue of the recollection of him was as an unimpres-
lands, Including the United States, for Worker on -page 15 the following ad sive individual who, in a Castro-support-
purposes of subversion and sabotage, appears: Ing scandal sheet he printed in Tampa,
must be closed if the spreading Com- Cuba?today and tomorrow-as viewed by accused President Kennedy and Senator
munist cancer in this hemisphere is to Gerald Quinn, executive secretary, Monroe Eastland of "withholding diapers from
be arrested. Since January 16, 1961, this Defense Committee who has just returned Cuban babies." In this same issue, the
has been illegal. from Cuba. Monday. June 4, 8:30 pm. Senator is labeled a hatchetman and a
addition, the violators must be pros- Adeiphi Hall, 74 Fifth Avenue, contr., $1. loudmouth and reference is likewise
In
and this flow of subversives must Students 50 cents, Ausp. Fair Play for Cuba made to those "jackasses in Wash-
ecuted d
Committee. ington."
be ahalted if we en door ever o hope to subversion. this This individual, Gerald Quinn, was in- Although the trash he printed in his
dangerpen that the e State eluded In the list I obtained of U.S. citi- newsletter Is not worth repeating, what
it is therefore
pas-
not shocking demanded th t that this zens who took the route of the Commu- is worth discussing is his present pas-Departmen open door r t to hemispheric has not ic subversion h be nist subversive and traveled to Cuba- time which is apparently speaking for
open through the Cuban Embassy in Mexico. the Cuban counterrevolutionaries in
closed' He did so in violation of the law, has the United States, a rather dangerous
that It I is feel with these compelled obj to make ectives public to- mind openly and notoriously advertised the vocation. And what's further significant
day, the names of some of the U.S. citi- fact that he has done so, that he is aid- is that in so doing, he has apparently
zens who have not only made this trip, Ing the Communist cause, and still no come up from the ranks to a position
but openly and brazenly advertise and willingness on the part of the State Dc- of national leadership in the Fair Play
brag about their flagrant violations of ar metnt to ppush this flow of for prosecution ov and no for Cuba Committee.
m believe my concern is well
the law and their aid and consort to the effort Communists. he has been allowed to go to founded. I have given here, examples
.
I am doing so, as well, to illustrate Cuba illegally and to return so that he of individuals, many with known Com-
how easily these violators could be can trot around the United State spread- munist backgrounds, who not only
found and prosecuted if the State Do- ing Communist propaganda and subver- violated the law, by going to and from
partment was sufficiently determined in sion. Cuba, but brazenly thumb their noses
what should be one of its major efforts- In the September 11, 1962, issue of the at the law by advertising their travels
to rid this hemisphere, including the Worker, on page 6, the following ad in the Communist press published in the
United States, from the threat of Com- appears: United States, preaching communism,
munist subversion. Eyewitness in Cuba: Hear John Read, just and raising funds for the Communist-
I am at the same time reiterating my back from Havana. See the latest color front Fair Play for Cuba Committee.
demand, first made In a speech on the slides of Cuba. Monday, September 17, 8:30 And, the Attorney General still re-
floor on March 15, of last year, that the p m. Adeiphi Hall, 74 Fifth Avenue, Contr., fuses to place the Fair Play for Cuba
Fair Play for Cuba Committee be cited 61. Students 50 cents. on the subversive list. This organiza-
as a Communist front organization by John Read was also included in the ties, working in concert with these Iel-
the Justice Department and be placed list I obtained of U.S. citizens who ven- low travelers, are
violating our laws, a and undermining still
on the subversive list. tured to Cuba through the Cuban Em- our of willingness d the
apparent lack
The Attorney General's failure to bassy in Mexico. He too was allowed to an society,
h
place this group on the subversive list recite what he was taught in Cuba. He part of the State Departmenthist to push
becomes increasingly baffling, particular- too has openly and flagrantly violated for prosecution o
ly in view of the Annual FBI Report for the law. door Mr. subversion. I find these facts alarm-
FBI Year 1961 which states, in part: Dozens of other Quinns and Reads can demand that the proper
FBI investigations also have shown that still travel to Cuba because the U.S. ing of again
our Government prosrper
the Fair Play for Cuba committee has been Government has failed to close this open agencies and agencies of
individuals, place the Fair Play
heavily infiltrated by the Communist Party door of subversion. for Cuba Committee on the Attorney
and the Socialist Workers' Party, and these to have at-
parties have actually organized some chap- One woman is known General's list of subversives and close
ters of the committee. tended the Women's Congress of the
Americas, a Communist meeting in this open door to subversion in the
United States.
Naturally, the Communist Party and Havana in July 1962.
the Socialist Workers' Party are on the Mr. Speaker, these ads, all from dif-
Attorney General's subversive lists. ferent individuals, go on In the same
In addition, overwhelming evidence vein. In all, the theme is the same-
pinpointing this organization as a Com- American citizens recently returned
munist front subversive group has been from Cuba and gallivanting around the
produced at the several hearings held country spreading newly developed
by the Senate Internal Security Com- Communist propaganda, in violation of
mittee. the law and, Incidentally, raising funds
I summarized this evidence on March thereby for support for a Communist
15, 1962, in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. front organization-the Fair Play for
The existing law, as publicly an- Cuba Committee.
nounced by the State Department on There is. however, one other entry
January 16, 1961, prohibits U.S. citi- which appears in the March 6th. 1962,
zens from traveling to Cuba and will- issue of the Worker which I feel war-
ful of by violation not this
more law than is $5,000 by punishable rants comment. On page 6, the follow-
imprisonment fine of no ing advertisement appears:
imprisonment for not more than n 5 5 years, rent activities of the Cuban counter-
Or both. revolutionaries in the United States of
Mr. Speaker, I have here a number of America, a report by V. T. Lee. Monday,
pages from the Worker, which is of March 12, at 8:30 p.m. Adeiphi Hall, 74
course the published voice of the Com- Fifth Avenue, Contr., $1. Ausp. Fair Play
munistParty in the United States. On for Cuba Committee.
TRIBUTE TO ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
The SPEAKER pro tempore., Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from New York [Mr. RYAN} is rec-
ognized for 2 hours.
Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speak-
er, I rise this afternoon to honor the
memory of Eleanor Roosevelt, the great
and courageous American who was
known as the First Lady of the World.
When we said farewell to her last No-
vember, Congress was not in session. So
it seems to me fitting that we pause now
to pay tribute to her life and ideals. As
the elected representatives of the Amer-
ican people, we have the constant op-'
portunity through our work and efforts
to enact programs which will strive to
meet the humanitarian goals to which
Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated her life. We
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AppCONGIt SSIO i RECURIS __Pj$N 3x0383R000200220025^X174 7
Sound and responsible tax reduction is an fiect the President's standard of political
issue affecting every citizen. It can be had ethics. The man who said "ask not what
if expenditures are cut accordingly. If the your country. will do for you-ask what you
public demands and supports sufficient ex- Can do for your country" certainly must judge
penditures reduction first, sound tax re- politicians on something other than "what
duction will surely follow. can he do for me",(in getting the Presidential
I greatly appreciate the opportunity of program through Congress).
being on this program., That kind of expediency may have suited
Dean MANION. Thank you, Senator HARRY the old boss-ridden politics of, say, Boston
BYRD, of Virginia. before our young President's day. But it is
I am sure that this convincing appeal for ill-suited to the image of a youthful New
popular support in your fight for common- Frontier,
sense in the fiscal management of our Fed-
eral Government will bring an enthusiastic
response from this audience.
I and millions, of your fellow Americans
are deeply grateful to you, sir,` for your
courageous and scholarly leadership in the
truly desperate cause of a sound and solvent
Government for the United States. Let me
assure you that what you have said here
today will be reprinted and repeated thou-
sands of times throughout this country dur-
ing this crucial congressional debate.
My friends, passage of Senator BYRD's pend-
ing Senate Resolution 12 will frustrate the
economic "Pied Pipers of the Washington
Wonderland" and nail down the solvency of
this country once and for all. Remember
what this distinguished and experienced Sen-
ator has said; namely, "If you exert your
power for sound government the Government
will be made sound."
Literally, this puts upon you and me and
each of us a frightful but inescapable per-
sonal responsibility. In substance, Senator
BYRD has said that, in the last analysis you
are the director of the budget for the United
States.
You hold. the key to the U.S, Treasury;
You can sell this country down the river of
debts and deficits or you can save the sol-
vency of the United States by making proper
use of this great speech by Senator BYRD,
now. This is the time for decision; what
are you going to do about it?
Mr. President
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CLARK MacGREGOR
OF MINNESOTA .
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 28, 1963
Mr. MaCGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, in
view of recent events which highlight in-
adequacies of operations both in the
Congress and in the Executive branch,
and in light of serious questions which
have been raised regarding expenditures
of committee funds, I call the attention
of my colleagues to the following edito-
rial from the Minneapolis Star of Feb-
ruary 25:
MR. PRESIDENT
Surely one must look on President Ken-
nedy's last public statement on Representa-
tive ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, Democrat, of
New York, as no more than an illustration
of the hazards inherent in the off-the-cuff
nature of press conferences.
Asked to comment pro or con about the
notorious Congressman from Harlem, the
President demurred, saying, "What I am
most interested in is the passage of legis-
lation which is of benefit to the people
* * *." And, he added, the House Educa-
tion and Welfare Committee, of which Pow-
ELL is chairman, has processed some good
bills.
We can hardly believe the inescapable im-
plications of such a comment accurately re-
Nation Suffers From Errors
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. BOB WILSON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 28, 1963
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, un-
der unanimous consent I include as a
portion of my remarks an editorial from
the San Diego Union of March 8, 1963,
entitled "State of Stagnation-Nation
Suffers From Errors."
The editorial follows:
STATE OF STAGNATION-NATION SUFFERS FROM
ERRORS
It was a tired-appearing, rather listless
President who stood up to the questions on
Cuba and the state of the Nation. It had
been a long road back from promise to per-
formance.
Gone were the exuberance and eloquence
of yesterday. He acknowledged that if he
were asked if things were going as well this
winter as last fall, he would have to say no.
The liberals are disappointed, businessmen
uneasy, distrusting, and our allies alarmed.
The President wryly referred to Shake-
speare's "the winter of our discontent."
Mr. Kennedy has listened to the false
prophets. He has tried to follow the Hellers
and Schlesingers toward a Keynesian guided
economy, into a half-world between capital-
ism and socialism. He believed he could lead
the people into the 1960's which Schlesinger
wrote "will probably be spirited, articulate,
inventive, incoherent, turbulent, with energy
shooting off wildly in all directions. Above
all, there will be a sense of motion, of lead-
ership, and of hope * * *. When this hap-
pens, America will be herself again."
All that has happened, however, is stagna-
tion. Events haven't moved by command as
they were expected to. He hasn't found the
way to release the American energy and ini-
tiative; and has, in fact, restrained them.
It all comes, probably, from misreading the
past decade, when Americans, true to their
nature, wanted an end to crises and regi-
mentation, and a freer economy in which
they could catch up with themselves, and
find their own way.
Nothing illustrates the President's dilem-
ma more than Cuba.
He let slip away a firm leadership of the
free world, when he showed the administra-
tion would act decisively only when the se-
curity of the United States was directly
threatened-when missiles were pointed at
our heart.
The security of Cuba itself was sacrificed.
This was not lost on Europe, which now in-
sists more than ever on deciding its own se-
curity and the right to participate in the
control of nuclear power.
In his last press conference, Mr. Kennedy
said the administration believes "the wisest
policy is the isolation of communism in this
hemisphere" by trying to confine it to Cuba.
Thus was Cuba written off, and thus has
communism advanced. Are we always to
"confine" it to whatever country succumbs
next?
In his own retreat from his tax program
Mr. Kennedy revealed that he had been
guided by politics and liberal dogma. He
proved. what he tried to deny, that he be-
lieves government spending and government
control are the answer to economic growth.
For him, a tax cut and more government
spending were enough.
For Mr. Kennedy the world has not be-
haved in a rational way. The genie has not
jumped out of the magic bottle to wipe-away
the uncertainties and provide the solutions.
He has been left with his own strength and
his own convictions, and the country is in
the winter of its discontent.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS
of MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 28, 1963
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, at a time
when our Nation is experiencing both
the bright promise and the difficult prob-
lems resulting from automation and
rapid technological advancement, there
is a danger that various groups may at-
tempt to -block the way to a more
smoothly functioning economy.
According to an editorial in the New
York Times-Western edition-of Janu-
ary 21, this has, indeed, been happening.
The Times points out that the longshore-
men and railroad brotherhood unions
are the "new reactionaries" because of
their "stubborn insistence on defending
archaic work rules-and-in their bitter
resistance to the introduction of labor-
saving machinery." The Nation can ill
afford impediments' to economic growth
such as those represented by resistance
to change.
Labor leaders-
Says'the Times-
have an obligation to cooperate with man-
agement in retraining, in sharing thebene-
fits of increased productivity, (and) in taking
positive steps to Improve the country's com-
petitive standing.
Mr. Speaker, because of the important
warning note this editorial sounds, un-
der unanimous consent I include it in
the RECORD.
The editorial follows:
THE NEW REACTIONARIES
In their stubborn insistence on defending
archaic work rules, in their bitter resist-
ance to the introduction of laborsaving ma-
chinery, such unions as the longshoremeh's
and the railroad brotherhoods are the new
reactionaries. They. are replacing in this
category the employers who, in the not so
distant past, fought against the recognition
of ` organized labor. Public sympathy was
then rightly with the unions. Now it is not.
The new reactionaries can create havoc,
particularly when unemployment is high.
They are hampering growth by their insist-
ence on preserving outmoded work practices
and unproductive jobs. Management, of
course, has a share in the blame, because
it acquiesced in featherbedding and other
practices whose added costs could be passed
on to consumers. But in today's competi-
tive situation,. these are luxuries that the
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economy cannot afford. In many Industries,
automation is the only real hope of survival;
it is absolutely essential In transportation.
The specter of man replaced by the ma-
chine is an ominous one=but It Is a false
threat. Technological improvement, al-
though provoking temporary and sometimes
painful dislocations, has always brought ris-
ing productivity, new products, expanding
markets and vastly Increased job opportuni-
ties. It will not be easy to find solutions to
the human problems posed by automation;
yet to play the part of wreckers is the one
course calculated to be most harmful to
labor itself.
A faster rate of economic growth, one
that presents new job opportunities, will
help curb the power of the new reaction-
aries. But this to not the complete solu-
tion. The responsible leaders of labor have
an obligation to cooperate with manage-
ment in retraining, in sharing the benefits
of increased productivity, in taking positive
steps to Improve the country's competitive
standing.
This approach cannot be forced on labor
by Washington; but the clear and present
danger facing labor Is that Congress, incited
by public revulsion against some of the
senseless strikes that have erupted, will press
for onerous restraints on the' power of the
unions. It would be far better if labor lead-
ership abandoned its reactionaries and pro-
moted the real welfare of wage ea*ners
through the fostering of)ndustrial growth
Intelligence Indicates Rotating, but Not
Reducing, Troops in Cuba
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Or
HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM
OF NEBRASKA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 28, 1963
Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I
believe that a column earlier this week
by Robert S, Allen and Paul Scott. con-
cerning the question of Russian troops
in Cuba, would be of interest to the
House. Accordingly, I am including it
at this time:
INTELLIGENCE INDICATES ROTATING, BUT NOT
REDUCING, TROOPS IN CUBA
(By Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott)
The Kennedy administration Is either
kidding Itself, the American people or both
on the withdrawal of Russia fighting forces
from Cuba.
Absolutely no firm evidence exists that
any combat elements have been removed.
This is particularly true as regards the
four mobile (armored) battalions, num-
bering approximately 5,000 elite troops, and
the numerous antiaircraft and coastal mis-
sile batteries that ring Cuba. These power-
ful units are still there, with no sign of any
reduction in size of weapons:
In other words, Russian military strength
is the same today as it was last fall, follow-
ing the loudly acclaimed removal of the
nuclear-armed ballistic missiles and the
IL-28 bombers.
- On the other hand, there are numerous
indications that Khrushchev's ambiguous
promise to withdraw "several thousand" by
March 15 is a characteristic Communist
fraud.
Intelligence authorities have Increasing
reasons to believe that what the Soviet actu-
ally is doing is rotating Its large garrison
Instead of cutting it: in effect, playing a
covert put=and-take game.
Following is the basis of this disquieting
intelligence belief:
Of the five Red bloc ships that docked In
Havana in recent weeks to transport Rus-
sians home, three disembarked an estimated
2,000 new arrivals. That is approximately
The Baltika, with 1,400-passenger capacity, Thursday, March 28, 1963
is scheduled to reach Cuba this week, It
is positively known to be carrying around 500 Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the
"technicians." Naval surveillance planes and Saturday Evening Post dated March 30,
other sources that have observed these men 1963, carries an important editorial
on the ship's deck report them as having a which I feel deserves the attention and
distinct military appearance. consideration of all Members of the Con-
All new arrivals are being billeted in the gress. It is entitled "The Secret Caves
barracks built for Soviet combat units. it of Cuba" and points up the importance
Is not Red army practice to mix military and
civilian personnel. of determining beyond, any question
Very little Soviet fighting equipment has what weapons the Soviets have stored in
been withdrawn. Air photos reveal a few these carefully prepared storage facilities
"Frog" missiles on the docks, apparently to In Cuba. I ask unanimous consent that
be loaded on the departing ship, as well as this editorial be printed in the Appendix
some jeeps and trucks. And that's all. No of the RECORD.
tanks, artillery or other heavy weapons. There being no objection, the editorial
One highly significant fact so far not dis-
closed by the White House or State Depart- as follows;
ment is a blunt statement Ambassador Do-
brynin made to Secretary Rusk. THE SECRET CAVES Of CUBA
In a conversation between them, the Rus- As many geologists have known for years,
scan diplomat flatly declared his country and many so-called intelligence experts are
proposes to keep a considerable number of beginning to discover, the island of Cuba
military "technicians and advisers" in Cuba is honeycombed with thousands of under-
as long as the United States does that in ground caves. Many of these caves, as the
South Vietnam. geology textbooks point out, open directly
Dobrynin blandly contended there is no on the sea. It Is quite possible for a Soviet
difference between these two situations, submarine to steam directly into some of
The Red envoy admitted some new Soviet these caves.
arrivals In Cuba. But he claimed they are Cuban refugees and exiles have warned
"agricultural technicians" needed to bolster our Government for 3 years that the caves
Castro's steadily worsening economy, of Cuba have been the scene of mysterious
According to Dobryaln, no new Russian and possibly sinister activity. Curiously,
troops are being sent to Cuba, and all com- when Castro took over, Antonio Nufiez
bat forces are being slowly removed. This Jimenez, Cuba's leading spelunker (a per-
assertion is flatly denied by the Defense In- son who explores caves), was appointed to
telligence Agency and Central Intelligence a top government position. Some. of the
Agency. Their evidence wholly contradicts Cuban exiles now in this country actually
Dobrynin, worked in these caves, cleaning them and
The DIA reports not only large numbers of pouring concrete. Then they were barred
Russians being brought to Cuba by ship, but from further work in the caves. Today, if
between 100 and 200 flown in weekly. The reports of the refugees can be believed-
Soviet now has a weekly giant TU-114 jet- and we should not be quick to doubt them-
liner flight between Murmansk and Havana. the entrances to many of these caves are
Astonishingly, the United States supplies heavily fortified and no Cubans, not even
weather information to the Russians for top-level military personnel, are permitted
these nonstop 5,000-mile flights. -near them. Whole villages have been rc-
It will be several weeks before Intelligence located away from the caves. The caves are
authorities can fully reassess Soviet military guarded by military personnel of the Soviet
strength in Cuba. DIA experts believe the Union or satellite soldier, reportedly includ-
new compilation will reveal no diminution lag Czechs.
in these forces; that is, that the sum total What is inside these caves? The exiles
of all the coming and going will add up to and refugees say some of them contain inter-
17,000 combat troops that have been there mediate-range ballistic missiles, complete
for months. with guidance and launching systems. Other
Secretary Rusk and Defense Secretary Mc- caves, they charge, house Soviet-built and
'Namara don't agree with this opinion. Soviet-manned supersonic jet fighters, any of
Privately they are saying they expect Moe- which could be easily converted to carry
cow to reduce Its Cuban fighting garrison to nuclear weapons. At least five of the caves,
around 10.000. those opening on the sea, are said to be
On the basis of the record, such optimistic complete, operational Soviet submarine
hopes are wish-thinking. bases. Appearing before a congressional'
Troop estimates by high Kennedy admin- committee recently, the Army's Chief of
lstration offiicals invariably have been un- Intelligence, Maj. Gen. Alva R. Fitch said,
realistic-to put it mildly. Without excep- "From the large volume and frequency of
tion, they have been heavily on the cheerio reports concerning the underground storage
side, of ammunition, supplies, vehicles, and even
Inexplicable crackdown-Federal agents aircraft, it is certain that there is consider-
are getting ready to squelch Cuban refugee able activity in connection with underground
efforts to train commando and guerrilla Installations through the island. In numer-
forces for raids and underground operations ous caves, reports indicate that this activity
In Cuba. Is being carried out solely by Soviet person-
McGeorge Bundy, hlghpowered special as- nel and that Cubans, Including highly placed
Blatant to the President on foreign policy, military officers, are not permitted access.
has sent a directive to Attorney General "There are several thousand caves in
Robert Kennedy ordering this crackdown. Cuba," General Fitch continued, "and many
According to Bundy's backstage edict, all have been used for storage over the years.
Cuban refugee anti-Castro activities not ap. With the reported addition of dehumidifi-
proved by the Central Intelligence Agency cation and air-conditioning equipment, many
are to be barred. would be suited to storage of both large
March 28
The Secret Caves of Cuba
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STROM THURMOND
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CONGRESSIONAL 4RECORD IA-AAPPE0083R000200220025-1 1749
and delicate electronic items. Aerial photo-
graphy has further revealed the extension
of roads to known. and suspect cave loca-
tions. In view of the shortage of above-
ground 'facilities and the requirement for
storage of the large amounts of military sup-
plies and equipment believed to be in Cuba,
and the relatively simple adaptation of caves
for this purpose, it is considered highly prob-
able that much military equipment and sup-
plies are being stored underground."
General Fitch does not believe that the
Soviets have installed intermediate-range
ballistic missiles in the caves, as the exiles
insist. He says,.' 'While all such reports re-
ceive exhaustive analys'is, it is our belief that
the Soviets did, in fact, remove all strategic
weapons systems that' were in Cuba at the
time the quarantine was imposed." General
Fitch, an Army man, did not comment on
the possibility of underground Soviet sub-
marine bases in Cuba. Thus far, our Navy
experts have remained silent on this point:
To date the Government's intelligence-
gathering activities in 'Cuba have inspired
little, confidence. Defense Secretary Mc-
Namara's theatrical television briefing raised
a good many more questions than, it an-
swered. Moreover, McNamara recently ad-
mitted that, when the :going got tough, CIA
surveillance aircraft were inadequate to cope
with Cuba and airplanes of the Strategic Air
Command had to be pressed into service.
But even those skilled SAC recon experts
cannot photograph the inside of a cave. If
the Soviets do not even permit the "highly
placed military" of Cuba near the caves we
would doubt that our CIA men have pene-
trated them either. Thus, it seems to us
that we really don't know what might be
inside the caves. We think it is dangerous
to assume that they do not contain IRBM
missiles and submarine pens.
If, as the exiles contend, the caves are
loaded with IRBM's and submarine facili-
ties, then Cuba, in fact, has become a Soviet
Gibraltar. Only a few Soviet IRBM's in Cuba
dangerously tilt the balance of power in
Soviet favor. If the Soviets are allowed to
operate Polaris-type submarines from Cuban
bases, the Reds can attain a serious "third
force" threat, with only one-third the num-
ber of nuclear submarines required to op-
erate from Soviet home bases. This is the
grave threat of the caves of Cuba. -
.To Americans, the important point is that
we do not know what the caves conceal. We
think it is vital that our Government find
out, beyond doubt, and soon. Having failed
once to listen to the warnings of Cuban
exiles, it seems to us the Government now
has an obligation to disprove their present
charge, by whatever means are necessary,
including force.
The Chicago, case certainly promises no
quick decision; it is immensely complicated.
Hoffa, furthermore, has not reached his
present eminence in a hoodlum-infested
union without learning a great deal about
the uses of power; and he has a corps of
extremely shrewd legal minds ready to jump
at a snap of his fingers. Nevertheless, Jus.?
tice Department agents have been quietly
sifting evidence for more than 18 months.
Grand juries have investigated Teamster
pension and welfare funds not only in
Chicago but in 13 other major cities.
This time the Government knows its case,
however complex, must be solid. Each past
failure to make its charges stick has only
lent apparent substance to Hoffa's carefully'
wrought self-portrait as the blameless victim
of a personal vendetta. "There aren'tmany
bites left in the apple," one Government of-
ficial explains, "so the next one better be
good."
It particularly had better be good be-
cause of Hofi'a's goal of negotiating a coast-
to-coast trucking contract in 1964. The
prospect of any one man's holding such ex-
traordinary power over the country is a
chilling one, and no one who has seen Haifa
in action thinks that he would hesitate to
use that power to enforce his will, on the
Nation.
Hoffa himself scoffs at fears that he might
call a nationwide strike. He maintains that
it wouldn't be necessary, that the mere threat
to strike one or two major lines would be
enough to break employers' resistance to his
demands. He may well be right. Even now
most of the trucking industry is at, his
mercy.
Against Hoffa's "`sinister power no bargain-
ing is possible. Contract terms.are dictated.
The employer can either accept them or be
struck. "How do you bargain if you can't
say no?" asks Joseph M. Adelizzi, managing
director of the Empire State Highway Trans-
portation Association. "How do you bargain
.if the other fellow holds a strike gun pointed
at your belly? Saying no to Hoffa would be
like committing suicide.
Eleanor Roosevelt-The World Orphaned
by Her Passing
SPEECH
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
Or PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 28, 1963
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the
wife and widow of the 32d President of
the United States died at 6:15 'p.m. on
November 7, 1962. The time of passing
was such that it might well have been
obscured by the other diurnal events in
the world. The floodwaters of the
Cuban crisis had receded only slightly
from their high-water mark of tensions
as that same night Khrushchev had an-
nounced formally,, "we have taken our
rockets out and they probably are on the
way."
That day too was one of reaction to
the national election, a readjustment. in
the body politic. The Democrats had
and energy but by her warmth, sincerity,
zeal, patience; and intellect. To these
qualities our present United Nations
Ambassador addressed himself when he
said:
Like so many others, I have lost more than
a beloved friend. I have lost an inspiration.
She would rather light a candle than curse
the darkness,.'' and her glow warmed the
world.
San Francisco's Registered Voters Ex-
press Opinions in Congressman Mail-.
Bard's Survey on Controversial Legis-
lative Matters
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM S. MAILLIARD
OF CALIFORNIA = - -
IN THE HOUSE OF I1 PRESENTATTVE`S
Thursday, March 28,1963
Mr. MAI,LIARD. Mr. Speaker, some
18,000 of my San Francisco constituents
have responded to my annual question-
naire mailed last month to every house-
hold containing one or more persons who
registered for last November's election
in California's Sixth Congressional Dis-
trict.
The following tabulation of. the replies
1. TAX REDUCTION AND THE NATIONAL DEBT
With an estimated budget deficit of $8.8
billion, the President has recommended tax
reduction and reform" programs estimated to
create. a budget deficit of $11.9 billion next
year. These measures are intended to stim-
ulate the economy to produce greater reve-
nues in future years: Some of the most
important questions to : be decided follow.
Do you want to:
success, opined the New York Times.
In India, a not-so-passive caucus cheered
at Nehru's announcement that Mr.
Menon had "resigned."
Thus, the passing of an ex-President's
wife might have been lost in the shifting
sands of the world, but for the fact that
she was an international figure in her
own right-a noted humanitarian, sym-
bol of woman's new role, author and
columnist, delegate to the United Na-
tions . General Assembly and chairman
of the Commission on Human Rights,
and an active force in political life. "In
the death of Eleanor Roosevelt," said
the Reverend Dr. Gordon L. Kidd, "the
world has suffered an irreparable loss.
The entire world becomes one family-
orphaned by her passing."
And so it is. For the woman who
lived by the inspiration of the prayer of
St. Francis of Assisi and who observed:
"One must never, for whatever reason,
turn his back on life," will be remem-
bered not so much for the early con-
troversies stirred by her ceaseless activity
A. Maintain existing tax rates and
expenditure patterns?----_-___
B. Maintain existing. expenditure
patterns but enact tax re-
duction and reform mea-
suresincluding-
1. Reduction ofindividualin-
come tax rates from the
present 20 to 91-percent
range to 14 to 65 percent,
decreasing revenues by
$11,000,000,000?___________
2. Limiting itemized deduc-
tions, including chari-
table contributions, to
those in excess of 5 percent
of adjusted gross income?-
3. Reduction of corporation
tax,rates from 52 percent
to 47 percent, decreasinrevenues by $2,600,000,00015-
4. limination of $50 exclu-
sion and 4 percent credit
on dividends? ____________
C. Reduce the budget deficit by
cutting expenditures for-
1. Foreign aid to America's
allies and underdeveloped
countries? -_______________
2, American farm price sup-
ports and surplus stor-
age?----------------------
3. Other domestic programs
i.e., welfare benefits ant
low-income housing? _ _ - _ _
No
opin-
ion
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A1750 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
II.ILEDICAL CARE FOR THE AGED
Two basic plans will probably be con-
sidered by the 88th Congress. Do you favor
a plan-
A. Managed by privately owned
insurance companies with the
Government paying the pro
miurns of those who could not
afford to pay themselves?-----
13, Managed by the Government
and financed by greater social
security taxes'----------------
No
opin-
ion
Recent strikes in the defense, maritime,
and publishing industries have cast doubt
on the effectiveness of present labor laws-
Would you favor new laws to-
Percent
A. Compel Government arbitration
withadecisionbinding to both
parties in disputes declared by
the President to endanger na-
tional welfare'----------------
B. Subject labor unions to antitrust
legislation on the same basis as
corporations?-----------------
IV. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION
Do you favor Federal aid to-
No
opin-
ion
No.
Yes No opinn!~- io
A. College and postgraduate o'iuca-
Lion'--------------
B. Oradeand high schooleducation:
1. For general operations in-
cluding teachers' salaries?.
2. For classrooms and equip-
ment only? -_____________
Essays on the Three Greatest American
Presidents
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
07
HON. KENNETH B. KEATING
Or NEW YORE:
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, March 28,1963
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, who
were the three greatest American presi-
dents? This was the subject chosen by
Newsday for the American history con-
test which started last September.
Newsday sponsors one contest every
month and selects one boy and one girl
as winners. In October, Susan Berggren,
a junior at Locust Valley High School
and Larry Grobel, a junior at Jerico
High School received the first prizes.
Their essays, which are very thoughtful
and imaginative in content, reflect a
genuine interest in knowledge of Ameri-
can history.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the two winning essays of
Newsday's October contest be printed in
the Appendix to the RECORD following
my remarks.
There being no objection, the essays
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
PRIZE-WINNING EssAYB IN NEWSDAY CONTEST
ON "Asr*ICA's THREE GREATEST PRESI-
DENTS"
(By Susan Berggren)
Who were the three greatest American
Presidents? The Presidency of the United
States has been held by some of the greatest
men of all time. To me, the one who stands
above them all Is Abraham Lincoln. He was
one of the few men In history that I know
of who was greater than his own legend.
And, of course, no list of great American
Presidents is complete without the "father
of our country." George Washington, whose
death was mourned by friend and foe alike.
But what of the third great President? So
many have contributed their greatness to
the realization of the American dream.
Their influence can be felt every day, in the
courts, the schools, and In the American per-
"He was first in war, first in peace, and first
to the hearts of his countrymen." Thus did
Henry Lee describe our first President. It has
often been thought sophisticated by cynics
to ridicule Washington and belittle his
achievements. Unfortunately, they forget
that be was the chief reason we won our
independence. Although lacking In true mil-
itary genius, he had an unswerving faith in
our country and her ideals: a faith which was
much more urgently needed than military
prowess. This faith made him a symbol of
inspiration to his troops at a time when in-
spiration was all that kept them from de-
feat. He was foremost in an era of great
statesmen, respected by even his bitterest
enemies. Never was a leader more desper-
ately needed; and never did a man more
nobly rise to his destiny.
A GIANT AMONG MEN
"Now he belongs to the ages." As Stanton
stated at the President's deathbed. Abraham
Lincoln does In truth belong to the ages.
His ideals are timeless, for they deal with the
basic rights of mankind. In his writings he
left a legacy of beauty and truth.that Is un-
excelled anywhere. He was a giant among
men, both physically and spiritually. He had
a humility and a sensitivity that enabled him
to reach both rich and poor alike, but his
humility did not stop him from doing his
duty as he saw St. He had a great respect
for his office and for the Constitution, and
sharply answered anyone who questioned
their inviolability. But to personal criticism
he was silent. As Is too often the case with
greatness, men used him, belittled him, and
learned too late how much they needed him.
And for the third President, there is no one
with the universal acclaim of Washington
and Lincoln, no one who was as vital to his
time as they were to theirs. Therefore I
have taken the liberty of choosing a man
whom many would be appalled to hear de-
scribed as great. His name was Andrew
Johnson. It was his fate to always be on the
minority side; and in a time of national
chaos, he was called upon to take the lead.
He was doomed to failure before he even
started.
Although shy, tactless, overshadowed by
the many brilliant minds of his time, he
stubbornly fought for his program and be-
liefs in the face of relentless opposition. He
was a small, unimportant man, unexpectedly
thrust into a position of great importance,
where he found himself fighting for the life
of the South against such towering giants
as Sumner and Stanton, who wanted Its
blood. His achievements are unappreciated
even today, for they came on the heels of the
achievements of one of the greatest men the
world has ever known. But where would we
Mann 28
be today if he had not assumed leadership
then?
The career of Andrew Johnson is a tragic
one, but to me it embodies the most impor-
tant characteristic of greatness: the spirit of
a man who knows he can never be as great
as he must be, but tries to his utmost to be
as great as he is able to be in the face of the
undying opposition of the country he so
faithfully serves.
PRIZE-WINNING ESSAYS IN NEWSDAY CONTEST
ON "AMERICA'S THREE GREATEST PRESI-
DENTS"
(By Larry Grobel)
The three Presidents that I selected for
this essay-Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lin-
coln, Woodrow Wilson-each held the stage
at a critical moment in American history
and by timely action attained timeless
results.
I chose Jefferson because he was such a
devout believer in democracy and a cham-
pion of human rights. He was the chief
author of the Declaration of Independence
which affirmed the "inalienable right to life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" as well
as the right of self-government, the basic
ideals of American democracy. In the Vir-
ginia legislature, he fought for religious
freedom and the separation of church and
State, free public schools, 'abolition of the
slave trade, and the gradual emancipation
of the slaves. He also advocated the need
for Federal taxes, realizing that without a
strong government, all that had been
achieved by the American Revolution would
be lost.
Jefferson expanded the original area of
the United States to include the huge region
stretching westward from the Mississippi
to the Rockies. He widened the concept of
popular rule by word and example, and In
acquiring the vast trans-Mississippi domain,
he sought, among other things, to check the
growing power of the eastern business in-
terests with an expanding agrarian west.
Jefferson perfected what Washington insti-
tuted-the policy of isolationism or neutral-
ism toward the chronic power struggles em-
broiling Europe.
I chose Abraham Lincoln because he was
the Nation's Great Emancipator. His claim
to that honor, if it rests uncertainly upon
his famous proclamation, has a sound basis
In the support he gave to the antislavery
amendment. It Is well founded also in his
greatness as the war leader who carried the
Nation safely through the 4-year struggle
that brought freedom In its wake. And,
finally, it Is strengthened by the practical
demonstrations he gave of respect for human
worth and dignity, regardless of color.
Lincoln, given no choice in the matter,
settled on the battlefield the question of
whether the minority has the right to break
up the government whenever it chooses in a
free government, and while doing so he ad-
vanced the cause of human rights by out-
lawing the anachronism of slavery.
Lincoln even suspended the writ of habeas
corpus and assumed dictatorial powers when
he thought this necessary for the war effort,
his primary objective being to "save the
Union."
WILSON THE IDEALIST
I chose Woodrow Wilson because of his
sincere and eloquent Idealism. Wilson had
a powerful faith in the American com-
mon man. As an historian, he could easily
document his thesis that the government
had been used too long "for private and
selfish purposes."
He was a liberal in politics, author of
the idea called "The New Freedom." He
tightened the restraints on big business and
finance and carried the Nation successfully
through World War I. He sponsored reform
measures such as popular election of Sena-
tors, income taxes and woman suffage. He
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A1746 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - AP ND . Now Is the Time To Outlaw All Deficit testimony is backed up by the immeasur- totaling 80-odd billion dollars are at their
able force and pervasive pressures of the alltime peak, But Federal expenditures,
Spending by the Federal Government presidential administration which has dem- which will exceed $100 billion next year, are
onstrated its ability to bring congressional higher. that we are going fur-
EXTENSION OF REMARKS votes into the administration lineup-com- This simpy means
monsense and simple arithmetic to the con- ther into debt each year by the amount that
OF trary notwithstanding. expenditures exceed tax reduction. We now
+ e I,, 17,wq-1 debt. alone more than $300
HON. STROM THURMOND
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, March 28, 1963
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the
Senate's highly respected and distin-
guished Senator from Virginia [Mr.
BYRD] has recently made a very eloquent
and sound radio address over the "Man-
ion Forum" which is broadcast over
hundreds of radio stations across' this
country. I have just.received a trans-
cript of the Senator's address, which is
entitled "Now Is the Time to Outlaw
All Deficit Spending by the Federal Gov-
ernment." I ask unanimous consent
that his remarks be printed in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed.in the RECORD,
as follows:
NOW IS THE TIME To OUTLAW ALL DEFICIT
SPENDING BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
ing
d this debt co
s-
up and be counted against the full power of billion, an
ires moral and lion a year in interest.
the Presidential Office requ
political courage of the very highest order. By simple arithmetic we know that 4 per-
Measure therefore if you can the character cent interest on debt, compounded semn-
and integrity of a senator who is a dis- nually, doubles the principal in 171/2 years.
tinguished leader of the President's political For the sake of our children, responsible
party but who, nevertheless, takes the lead- people must begin to think of reducing this
ership against administration policy when burden of debt we are leaving to them.
that policy violates that Senator's solid con- ONLY YOU-THROUGH CONGRESS-CAN CUT
ception of fiscal responsibility and the best EXPENDITURES
interests of this country. But, the administration in Washington
When you have of a that eat American cae proposes to out taxes and raise expenditures
taken the measure F. a truly great while we are already running a deficit. This
statesman, welt F. BYRD,
bac of to the Sena- simply means that we would go another
For BYRD, welcome back to the "Manion dollar deeper in debt for every dollar we take
Sumt in tax reduction. Short of grave national
ena BYRD. Thank you, Dean Manion, emergency, this would be sheer fiscal irre-
for the kind personal remarks in your sponsibility and most of us, deep down in our
gracious introduction. hearts, know it.
You have asked me to discuss briefly ex- Yet, a sound and responsible tax cut could
anddtax reduction. tand know a control r be made possible by, first cutting out unnec-
and expenditure pla to I don't o the know of the Federal expenditures. Admittedly,
place to start than with the attitude t this is made more difficult by the fact that
new Federal Budget Director, Mr. Kermit , the President says that Federal expenditures
Gordon, who has been testifying at the must and will rise.
Capitol. This leaves It up to Congress to cut expen-
In effect, Mr. Gordon told a congressional ditures without' assistance from the execu-
committee that a balanced budget would tive branch, if not against its opposition. If
lead'to increased unemployment and general Congress is to cut expenditures under these
economic decline. said this would hap- circumstances, it will need both the demand
pen whether
meet tax red uto Federal ase axes and active support of everyone in this audi-
tures t meet tax collections or increase taxes ence and more effective procedures in its
to meet met expenditures.
I submit that a man who thinks a bal- actions on appropriation measures,
anced budget would be a catastrophe does I shall conclude with some remarks con-
not have the frame of mind to direct the cerning public demand and support for re-
budget of the United States. He should be duction in expenditures. But, first let me
removed from his office. report that I have introduced what is known
A budget director's function is to balance as the Senate Concurrent Resolution 12 to
our fiscal affairs in the Federal budget-and limit expenditures.
defend it-not destroy it. It seems that Mr. Congress now acts on appropriations but it
Gordon has fallen for the fallacies of too does not limit annual expenditures where
many of the so-called economists who are money is available for more than 1 year,
counseling Government officials. They say Under the resolution an annual expenditure
that balancing the budget is still a goal, limit would be fixed on every expenditure in-
but to balance it any time -soon would make cluding "back door" items.
us poor because there would be no Federal Congress now acts on appropriations in a
deficit to make us rich. And, to make us dozen or more bills over a period of months,
richer faster, they think the Government never seeing the whole at any one time.
should create bigger deficits by spending Under the resolution every expenditure would
more and cutting taxes at the same time. be brought under one cover and limited.
Such ideas as these, which are being ex- Under this procedure the expenditures al-
pressed by Mr. Gordon and other Govern- lowed could be added up at the end of the
ment economists, sound like John Maynard bill and checked against estimated revenues.
Keynes and Gunnar Myrdal rolled into one. By this direct expenditure control Congress
They don't sound like men looking for new can make deficit financing illegal or unlaw-
frontiers-they sound like Rip van Winkle. ful.
They must have been taking a long nap. With or without tax reduction, direct ex-
We all know the Federal Government has penditure control has become an obvious
run a deficit in 26 of the last 32 years. If and urgent need. I hope the resolution will
Federal deficits would provide work and be adopted, or that the objective of the reso-
make us rich, everyone should have been lution will be accomplished otherwise.
employed and rich before now. Instead, we Public demand can bring this about. - And,
still have unemployed and we have a $305 public demand and support for expenditure
billion debt-and the administration says it reduction can bring that about, too.
must go higher. If we don't get crackpot CONGRESS WILL ACCEDE TO YOUR DEMANDS
economists out of Federal fiscal positions
and get sound men in them, the American The principles and fundamentals which
system will be lost. - have made this a great Nation have been
So much for the academic theories and dangerously undermined in the past 30
prognostications of the self-styled econo- years. But, great power still resides in the
mists-I'll just talk in terms of simple facts, people. If you exert that power for sound
Federal taxes axe high-too high-as every government, the government will be made
taxpayer knows, and, they should be reduced. sound. If the people in this audience want
As chairman of the Senate Finance Com- sound and responsible tax reduction, you
mittee, nothing would give me more pleasure must use your power for expenditure reduc-
than to report a bill for responsible tax re- tion first.
duction, But, as we all know, the basic rea- As a Member of the Senate for 30 years, I
son for Federal taxes Is to meet Federal ex- can tell you that your Representatives and
penditures. If Federal taxes are too high- Senators will respond to your demand. Most
and they are-it is basically because Federal . Members of Congress want to vote for sound
expenditures are too high. government. What is lacking too often is
It is true that Federal tax collections your support.
DEAN MANION. Did you ever see a dream
walking=or a- nightmare galloping around
your bedroom? For your health's sake I
hope not. But to simulate this experience,
you need only to listen to some officials of
the Kennedyadministration who have been
testifying before congressional committees
in favor of the President's tax and spending
proposals. -
If you elect your eyes while you are listen-
ing you may well believe that you have been
lifted into the fantastic "Ministry of Truth"
which is used to make fact out of fiction
in George Orwell's horrible fantasy "1984."
You may remember that the book "1984" is
Orwell's grim and ghastly picture of our
world when all of it has been reduced to
the complete control of Communist dictator-
ship. -
A basic ingredient of this Red establish-
meet is the official reversal of every ele-
mental concept of fact and truth that civil-
ized people have accepted since the beginning
of recorded time. In "1984," this reversal
is enforced by the promulgation of a com-
plete new Red vocabulary in which "war"
is called "peace." "Truth" is regarded as
"falsehood" an 1 "slavery" is translated as
"freedom."
In "1984," the end result of this transfor-
mation of language and ideas is called
"newspeak" and this dictionary of the dia-
bolical dictatorship is a horrible thing to
behold. Nevertheless, the recent testimony
of administration officials is definitely sug-
gestive of- a "newspeak" arithmetic which
Congress is now being asked to buy, believe,
and adopt.
For instance, these witnesses have testi-
fled that it is a good thing for the Federal
Government to spend more than it takes in.
They predict that the resultive debts and
deficits will be a blessing to our economy
in the form of full and profitable employ-
ment for the American people. Their solu-
tion .for our -business troubles is sweet and
simple; namely, reduce Federal taxes and
increase Federal spending. In the light of
all that we have previously learned about
addition, subtraction, profit and loss, this
testimony presents a deeply moving picture
of Alice in Orwell's bueraucratic Wonder-
land of 1984. - - - -
But these witnesses hold high and im-
portant positions in our Government. They
are serious, dedicated, and determined. Their
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Approved For 19069tl65l3AT2
grade class of Miss Uretsky In the Win-
throp School In Melrose, Mass. The
children were interested in my comments
on a proposal that all church bells, bells
in government buildings, and in colleges
and universities be rung simultaneously
for 4 minutes each Fourth of July. They
received the idea from an article which
appeared in This Week magazine on
February 17. It is always a pleasure to
find a group of young Americans turn-
ing their energies in such a constructive
direction.
Under unanimous consent, I include
the article in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
MAKE FREEDOM RALLY RING
This is the story of two This Week read-
ers and an idea which we believe can sweep
the country, stir a new wave of patriotic
feeling, and turn this Fourth of July into
the most Inspiring celebration in our Na-
tion's history. We are sure all This Week
readers will be Interested in It. Here Is the
Idea:
On July 4, 1983, and each year thereafter,
all church bells, all bells in government
buildings, and all carillon bells In colleges
and universities will ring for 4 minutes in
every part of the country. Every radio sta-
tion will broadcast the sound of bells for
2 minutes, followed by a reading from the
Declaration of Independence.
The idea's proponents are a pair of Con-
necticut Yankees with a lifelong interest in
the American heritage-Eric Hatch, a dis-
tinguished writer, many of whose stories
have appeared in This Week, and Eric Sloane,
a meteorologist, artist, and writer who is an
expert on early American barns, covered
bridges, and tools.
'HEARTBEAT OF THE NATION
Since It Is fitting that the Nation's birth-
day be celebrated where it began, Hatch and
Sloane suggest that a special ceremony be
televised from Philadelphia, in front of the
Liberty Bell In Independence Hall, and that
across the Nation the bells ring out at this
same moment.
As the great chorus of bells swells across
the land, it will be heard by families at
home, on the lakeshore, In the mountains,
wherever Americans gather on the Fourth,
The sound will come as a thrilling reminder
of what the Fourth of July stands for, chal-
lenging each of us to remember the heroic
resolve formed by the men who pledged their
lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor
187 years ago.
July of 1776 saw the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, democracy's greatest manifesto,
approved by the Continental Congress. Dele-
gate John Adams went to his Philadelphia
boardinghouse and penned a leter to his
wife Abigail, in Massachusetts:
"I am apt to believe," he wrote of the
great event In which he had taken part.
"that It will be celebrated by succeeding gen-
erations as the great anniversary festival.
It ought to be commemorated as the day of
deliverance by solemn acts of devotion to
God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized
with pomp and parade, with shows, games,
sports, guns, bells, bonfires and illuminations
from one end of this continent to the other,
from this time forward forevermore."
Perhaps a little of the noble grandeur that
John Adams felt has been dulled in our
hearts by the passage of time. The Fourth
of July has evolved into more of a summer
holiday than a patriotic festival and games
and sports have taken over perhaps a little
too much of the stage. The Illuminations?
or fireworks, were a dominant Fourth of July
sound fir decades, but have largely disap-
peared, 'fhe bells, which John Adams also
mentions, Sloane and Hatch now propose
reviving as a uniting feature of the whole
day-much like the national observance of
2 minutes of silence at 11 a.m. on veterans
Day.
SFnHT OF THE FIRST FOURTH
Adams wrote of an Independence celebra-
tion "from one end of this continent to the
other," at a time when the newborn Republic
scarcely penetrated beyond the Appalachian
Mountains, when the whole West was a
wilderness whose title was in the hands of
Britain and Spain. Alaska belonged to Rus-
alia, and Hawaii had not even been discovered.
Today, the grandeur of the Independence
Day he envisioned should certainly be re-
membered.
What can you do to help bring about a
truly reverent and patriotic Fourth?
Writers Sloane and Hatch appointed them-
selves a committee. They obtained the en-
dorsement of Governor John N. Dempsey and
Senator ABRAHAM Rrsicorr of Connecticut.
Here's how you can get the project started
In your community:
1. Write to or call on your State and city
officials. Show them this article-ask them
to sponsor the observance. Then organize a.
committee of volunteers who share your en-
thusiasm, and go out after community sup-
port. Contact groups that would be espe-
cially Interested.
2. Make a survey of the bells in your
town-the church bell, the bell on the county
courthouse, the college chapel bell, the fire-
house bell-how many more are there? Find
out who rings them and who gives the order
to ring them-and sign them up for July 4.
against beilringing? It can surely be waived
for a special observance like this one, but be
sure your town officials have handled the
necessary technicalities well In advance of
Independence Day.
3. Write letters-and get friends to write-
to your local newspapers, radio, and TV sta-
tions. Ask editors to give their support on
the editorial pages. Give them all the In-
formation they need, both to take part In a
national ceremony and to publicize the pro-
gram in advance.
LET Us HEAR YOUR IDEAS
If you need assistance in organizing your
committee, Mr. Sloane and Mr. Hatch are
anxious to help. Write Let Freedom Ring,
Box 4140, Grand Central Station, New York
17, N.Y. We'll share your questions and
ideas In future progress reports.
In the pealing of the bejle across the land,
we will have, every year, on our Nation's
birthday, a fitting reminder of the exalted
OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDITH GREEN
or OREGON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 25, 1963
A1745
speech by a distinguished colleague and
friend and former Member of this House,
Senator GEORGE S. MCGOVERN, of South
Dakota, I hope by obtaining unanimous
consent to have this editorial placed in
the RECORD's Appendix to have Senator
McGovERe's commendable position re-
ceive wide circulation:
THE CUBA FIXATION
"I am constrained to speak out against
what seems to me to be a dangerous Castro
fixation that Is not worthy of this great Na-
tion,'%Senator MCGovERN remarked the other
day on the Senate floor. "I submit that we
have become so involved in charges and
Countercharges about our Cuba policy that
we have come close to losing sight of the
real interest of the Nation in the hemisphere,
We have ignored the Biblical warning against
straining at a gnat and swallowing a camel.-
How right the Senator is. Every day's
newspaper brings stories that suggest that
the only topic worth discussing is Mr. Cas.
tro's beard. What Walter,Lippmann aptly
calls the war whoop party releases daily
communiques steeped in defeatism and des-
pair, calling on the country to do "some-
thing"-though all the whooping obscuras
the martial Section's lack of any real pre-
scription for responsible measures.
In a speech on Wednesday before the Inter-
American D:f:nra College here, Vice Presi-
dent Johnson ably set forth the facts about
Cuba. The first fact is that the island is a
sorry showcase for communism. These are
the figures that the Vice President ticked
off: (1) Under communism, the gross na-
tional product has fallen by 25 percent; (2)
food consumption has declined 15 percent;
(3) this year's sugar crop will be Cuba's
smallest since the end of the Second War;
(4) Cuba has cost Russia $1 billion and
Moscow is now spending more than $1 million
a day simply to keep the economy afloat;
(8) finally, nearly 250,000 have fled Castro's
utopia and "other 600,000 have requested
visas to leave.
Moreover, short of an all-out war or a
blockade that would be an act of war, the
United States and its neighbors have taken
virtually every available meaningful step to
contain Castroism. As the Vice President
notes, total trade between Cuba and Latin
America sank to $12 million last year and is
expected to reach the vanishing point this
year. Free-world shipping in Cuban ports
is now one tenth of what it was before last
October. Castro's'popularity has plummet-
ed in Latin America and his diplomatic isola-
amerlca were set forth by ator McGovERN.
These conditions, he note were the "real
bombshells" in the hemisphere:- (1) 2 per-
cent of the people of Latin America own
more than half the wealth; (2) 80 percent
dwell in squalid huts; (3) over half the re-
gion's population is illiterate; (4) one-crop
economies plague development hopes as
commodity prices decline; (5) many regimes
are weakened by archaic tax structures, top-
heavy military budgets and feudal patterns
of land-tenure; (6) and finally, the rate of
population growth in the fastest in the
world. -
Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, These are the facts that explain President
recently I expressed myself on the sub- Kennedy's reference to Latin America as the
jeCt of Cuba in terms of objecting to *'meet critical area" of the world. To his
the wildcatting, unproved round of credit, the the President
conditions as repeatedly sought
as trued-ae ad ithat
his newsco He
rumors falsehoods and prowling half-truths and that have been distributed ference on Thursday to place the problem
within and without Congress on the of Castro within the context of a hemisphere
matter, caught in the swift tides of change. More
In the March 23, 1963, edition of the voices like those of Vice President Johnson
Washington Post there appeared and Senator McGovEaN are surely needed.
an edi- While Castro may not beat us, the Castro
tonal based on the maiden Senate fixation could.
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The sincerity of the purpose of 4-H and
its progress in building character and citi-
zenship points very definitely to the In-
fluence of 4-H training and its contribution
to good community living.
To help lift the burden,
Point the better way,
Give vision to toil
And the hope of a better day.
To teach the larger life,
Encourage a soul
To still greater tasks,
A still higher goal;
To look beyond the plow,
Teach a man's full part
In community and town,
In assembly and mart,
Club work is training
Of greatest value, when
its goal of achievement
Is the inspiration-The making of men.
who have lived in your home communities
for many years know the value of all these
qualities I have Just mentioned.
A new menace to the development of good
community living is the fact that many of
our prospective farm leaders of tomorrow are
being lured away from a career in agricul-
ture. This has been brought about by the
glamorous role that has been developed
around the field of science. We feel that
this movement can be carried to such land-
slide proportions that the loss in this lead-
ership may result in a serious setback for
agriculture.
I cannot help but wonder what kind of
world will I be living in 10 years from now?
What will my home, farm, and community
be, my job and my family? Will I have a
place in this world of spaceships and mis-
siles.?
We, the Future Farmers of America, have
been given a great challenge. We must meet
MY ORGANIZATION, THE FUTURE FARMERS OF this challenge if we are to preserve good
AMERICA, AND How IT PROMOTES Goon COM- community living and the security and hap-
MuNITY LIVING - piness it stands for.
In conclusion, my friends, let us never
(By Myron L. Semrad, Waukomis, Okla.) forget that we, the Future Farmers of Amer-
"I believe in the fut
f
ure o
farming with ica areoidd thb
,, cnseree breadasket of the
a faith born not-of words but of deeds; in world. Nations will look to us for leadership
the promise of better days through better and food. Let us never forget the value of
ways, even as the better things we now enjoy community life in this scientific age. Trips
have come up to us through the struggle to the moon may be commonplace in a few
of former years." years. Satellites will continue to circle our
I have Just quoted to you from our FFA globe. But, community life must be pre-
creed; a creed that each member subscribes served.
to when he starts his FPA work. As you can Yes, I am very proud, and feel that I have
see, we are not a group of young men living high standards to uphold when I don the
in the past, but with our eyes to the future blue and gold jacket of the FFA.
as indicated by our FFA motto, and I quote: Let us seek divine guidance and knowl-
"Learning To Do,
Doing To Learn,
Earning To Live,
Living To Serve.
edge, as we join hands with the Farmers
Union to promote and preserve our Ameri-
can way of community living.
4811
or grinders-Just to mention a few. Prac-
tically every phase of farming Is affected by
electricity. It works in a thousand and one
different ways to make your life easier and
more enjoyable.
Electricity is beginning to cut farm labor
costs. But the surface is barely scratched.
New processes, equipment, and techniques
need to be developed to reduce labor require-
ments and improve the quality of farm
products.
When this is done, consumers as well as
farmers will benefit. Modern agriculture will
then be able to hold or reduce consumer
costs of food and fiber and give extra quality
as a bonus.
The Farmers Union organization has been
one of the strongest supporters of the rural
electrification program, and it is through
their political help as well as their work
with the farmers that the REC has made
such tremendous progress during the last
28 years.
First a candle, then a lamp, now a light
bulb. But look again. That light has
become a torch. A torch of liberty.
THE TFX CONTROVERSY
Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, I month
ago, last Tuesday, the Permanent Sub-
committee on Investigations of the Sen-
ate Committee on Government Opera-
tions, opened its hearing on the contro-
versial TFX plane contract award. For
a time the legitimate aims of this in-
quiry were in danger of being lost in a
sea of mutual recriminations. This
week, however, there has been a healthy
change in attitude on the Dart of all con'-
e i
i1
n-
These four short lines express the desire MOTE GOOD COMMUNITY LIVING quiry will move ahead with dispatch un-
of each FFA members to learn more about (By Dan Butler, Drummond, Okla.) der able leadership of the distinguished
his vocation, responsibility, and citizenship. Let us go back 100 years ago. A candle is chairman of the Committee, Senator
We, as young leaders of tomorrow, realize burning. That candle grows brighter and I M call AN.
that all these are essential in this day of brighter. Look again. You see that this call to my colleagues' attention the
sputniks and intercontinental missiles. candle is a kerosene lamp. A lamp like many excellent article in this issue by the re
Just how, you might ask, does the FFA of our parents and grandparents grew up spected columnist Max Freedman, which
promote good community living? There are with, and that light grows brighter. And, appeared in the February 27 issue of the
many ways that my organization promotes as you look once more into time you see Washington Post. I ask unanimous Con-
good community- living. Franklin D. Roosevelt. It is 1933. Roosevelt
First, let me show you the close relation- is creating the Rural Electrification Admin- sent that Mr. Freedman's article be
ship between the efforts of the FFA and the istration to serve the farmers of this Nation. printed in the RECORD at this point.
Farmers Union. Our organization was Now that lamp changes into a socket, a There being no. objection, the article
formed in the year 1928 to fill the need of socket with a light bulb. But that light is was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
a group of young farm boys. Let me repeat, dim for you see only 10 percent of the as follows:
to fill the need of a group of young farm Nation's farmers have electricity. The cost
boys, just as the Farmers Union was orga- is prohibitive. THE TFX CONTROVERSY
nized to promote good community livin
Th
g
us withthe signif th
., .ng oat executive
So from the very beginning we feel that we order, the Rural Electrification Cooperatives,
have something in common with your orga- one of the greatest do-it-yourself programs
nization. In the history of the world, Is started.
Now, I would like to discuss with you the Our farmers help stretch those electric
-efforts of the FFA in promoting good corn- lines across our Nation. And today that
anunity living. light bulb glows brighter for now 95 percent
Last year I was fortunate enough to be a of our farmers have electricity.
member of the first place FFA stubble-mulch Who own these electric cooperatives? Is
judging team which represented my school it a Government agency? These and many
in Waukomis, Okla. I participated in the similar questions are asked daily.
stubble mulch program again this year. In answer to these questions i reply, first,
Through this program, we FFA members are that the people who purchase electricity
-earning better ways to conserve the soil, own the cooperatives. And, to the second;
These new and highly improved soil conser- no, it is not a Government agency but the
.ration programs are the steppingstones of purest form of democratic free enterprise.
food community living. While the cooperative board of directors
Just think for a moment. Where would has borrowed thousands of dollars from the
we be without the educated farmer? The REA to provide you with good electric service,
answer is, we could not exist. How could they have to pay it back with interest.
we, without food? Therefore, the better Imagine, if you can, what. life would be like
-onservation practices we present the better today without electricity. Imagine a world
cur communities will be. without refrigerators, radio, television, food
The very purpose of our FFA program of mixers, and the hundreds of other electric
work each year, to develop
mrsnip
knowl
d
It is a strange sensation to move from the
charges and accusations that have rolled
through the press, in the dispute over the
TFX contract, to the actual hearings of the
Senate Investigating Committee.
As one studies the records of the hearings,
it becomes very clear that the bitterness and
anger which have marked this inquiry have
greatly surprised the committee.
Nor can any observer, with no personal
stake in this controversy, avoid the conclu-
sion that the gage of battle was flung down
by the Defense Department.
In the end Mr. McNamara may convince
everyone that his decision is fully justified.
But the merits of his case do not excuse the
way it has been-presented to the public. In
its various public statements the Defense
Department has been fretful, inconsistent;
and provocative. It was not, until it was
stung that the committee struck back in
self-defense. No one familiar with congres-
sional committees could have expected it to
,
e
ge, and recreational activi- Imagine, also, trying to do anything else.
ies, is the foundation for good community numerous farm chores without t
erform he hel thep reThesen that t t eo be a tee is t nglto dig-
iving. You members of the Farmers Union electric water pumps, bunk feeders, welders, credit o or destroy y Mr. Mr. McNamara's rying usefulness
cuNo. 46-22
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 Approved For Rele fWg?i f)lAff 0Il3?$F4MR00220025-1 March 28
4812
as Defense Secretary. Those who hold this Their job is difficult. They must cover tually without pay, working to save their
view would find it very hard indeed to point all three branches of the Federal Gov- jobs and to keep this industry in Olean.
to a single sentence In the published record ernment-executive. legislative, and Judi- According to Robert W. Easley, presi-
to justify such a charge against the com- cial. But, they know Washington. They dent of local 22 of the American Federa-
mittee, have had many years of experience. tion of Grain Millers, the response has
in fact Senator MCCLELLAN spoke for the
whole committee when en he he said the final They know how to develop facts, how been overwhelming. Newspapers from
report might well be a complete endorse- to write informative stories. Moreover, all over America, from Sweden, Turkey,
ment of Mr. McNamara's judgment in their reports are always fair and accu- France, and Barbados carried the story.
awarding the contract to General Dynamics rate, They do their job competently Employees painted their philosophy in
Instead of to Boeing. without either favoritism or prejudice. large white letters on the outside wall
At one point in his testimony Mr. Oil- I take pleasure in calling the atten- of the factory. "We won't quit," they
patric, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, said Lion of my colleagues to the Maine Le- told the world. "Olean can't afford to
and were not misled, we were not entrapped,
and we have no complaint in any sense over gion's citations commending these two let another plant close."
the conduct of this proceeding by the com- dedicated Maine journalists. For 6 weeks they have held on to keep
mittee." Still later, in reply to Senator I ask unanimous consent that the two the company going. Although weekly
CURTIS' question, Mr. Gtlpatric agreed that citations be printed in the RECORD at cash receipts are divided up among the
the committee had never railed even one this point. workers, this payment has averaged only
witness who could be described as a critic There being no objection, the cita- about $15 a week-hardly even enough
of Mr. McNamara. lions were ordered to be printed in the to get to work. The Grain Millers Union,
Nor is there very much substance to the RECORD, as follows: which has organized the plant, is eo-
civulan that head Mr. MCNamae D authority as
civllia o of f the Defense Department has CITATION TO DON LARaAEEE FROM MAINE AMER- operating fully in the endeavor, and has
been challenged and compromised. No one ICAN LEiION AT THE STATLER HOTEL, MARCH declared fees. moratorium o hues and in-
on the committee, or in Congress for that 13, 1963
matter. questions the principle of civilian The American Legion to Don Larrabee In 10 weeks without pay to this plant be-
control. grateful appreciation and recognition for his cause he and other members of the local
On this particular point in the contro- outstanding service In the field of Journal- have been so pleased by the fine labor-
versy Mr. Gilpatric has testified in these tam, this citation is awarded this 13th day management relations which have al-
words: "I do not believe that this Issue Is of March, 1963, in Washington, D.C. ways existed there. "This company,"
a civilian-military issue.
"I don't think this is a question where
the civilian authorities In the Pentagon and
in the Department of Defense are at odds
with the military. There were certain facets
where we don't agree but It is not a civilian-
military issue and therefore there isn't any
basis for criticism of Mr. McNamara by the
military in my judgment."
In the four evaluations which preceded
Mr. McNamara's decision a total of 275.000
man-hours had been spent on the two pro-
posals. These evaluations resulted in a clear
and repeated preference for Boeing. Mr. Namara reversed these recommendations for
what seemed to him to be emphatic and suf-
ficient reasons. Now he is explaining and
defending that decision before a committee
of the Senate that has been empowered to
conduct such investigations. It should be
added that on the evidence thus far the
committee has learned that General Dynam-
ica, which gained the contract, was given
the preference by the Air Force on only
three "performance criteria" while Boeing
had the preference on 16 or 17 Items, The
committee has been unfairly criticized for
an arbitrary interference with the Defense
Department.
It would indeed have been open to censure
it it had failed to start an investigation once
these facts came to Its notice.
Above all, It should always be remembered
that many witnesses have yet to be heard,
with some of the evidence dealing with
classified matters. The best thing is to drop
the invective on all sides and let the in-
quiry proceed fairly and fearlessly.
CITATIONS PRESENTED TO MAY
CRAIG AND DON LARRABEE BY
AMERICAN LEGION
Mr. MUSKIE. Mr. President, on
March 13, the American Legion delega-
tion from Maine presented citations for
outstanding service to two veteran Maine
journalists, May Craig who represents
the Gannett papers of Maine, and Don-
ald Larrabee, Washington correspondent
of the Bangor Daily News.
I concur fully with the Legion's judg-
ment that Mrs. Craig and Mr. Larrabee
have made significant contributions in
interpreting Washington events for the
citizens of Maine clearly and factually.
W. J. 1ROGERS, said Mr. Easley. "has the best ethnic
National Executive Committeeman.
JAMES L. BOYLE, principles of any company I know.
Department Adjutant, Each man is hired and promoted with-
Department of Maine, out regard 'to his race, creed, or color,
BERTRAND LACUEUZ, and we want to see this continue."
Department Commander, Although, as weeks have elapsed,
Department o/ Maine, some workers have been forced, because
CITATION TO MAY CRAM FROM MAnSE AMER!- of family responsibilities, to leave the
CAN LEGION AT THE STATLER HOTEL, MARCH plant and apply for assistance or other
1s, 1963 jobs. Dozens have remained. They are
The American Legion to May Craig in living on their savings and on hope-
grateful appreciation and recognition for hope that loyalty, determination, and the
her outstanding service in the field of jour- American spirit of cooperation in time
naiiam, this citation is awarded this 13th day of trouble will pull them through. I
of March, 1963, In Washington. D.C. salute these fine men and women of
W. J. Root", Olean, and assure them that all America
National Executive Committeeman, admires their action and shares their
JAMES L. Boy", hope,
Department Adjutant,
Department of Maine. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I should
BrorTRANO LAOuavx, like to join my colleague in what he has
Department Commander, said about the company at Olean, N.Y.,
Department of Maine, Mr. Easley, who has been an absolutely
COMMUNITY COOPERATION IN
OLEAN. N.Y.
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, the
city of Olean, N.Y., is fast becoming a
symbol, in my State, for community co-
operation. Because a group of citizens
in Olean are determined to meet and
overcome the challenge presented by de-
creasing job opportunities, they have
banned together, at great personal sacri-
fice, to save an industry in their city.
Six weeks ago, the management of the
Fibre Forming Co., in Olean announced
remarkable union leader-in that regard,
the town, the town people, and the man-
agers of this company, which has been
a model for small business in the United
States in its intrepidity and determina-
tion to drive hard for a constructive
economic measure for Olean. I have
been there. I have seen the plant. I
have seen the workers. I have addressed
them, as I am sure my colleague [Mr.
KEATINC] has. This action is a great
source of gratification to me, as it is
to my colleague.
We extend to them not only our felici-
tations for their tremendous courage,
but our help and cooperation, which we
the payroll due, at the end of the week. have already given, and which I know
The 120 employees of the company were we will give in any measure that' is
informed of this disheartening situation humanly possible to help in such fine
and presented with a plan to defer their determination as they have shown.
pay envelopes temporarily. No one was
laid off. The choice of whether or not
to leave was left up to the individual
workers themselves. Their response was
anything but disheartening.
Only 5 of the 120 men and women left
the company to look for other employ-
ment or to collect unemployment insur-
ance. Fully 115 decided to stay on, vir-
RESPONSE OF NATIONAL JEWISH
WELFARE BOARD TO
CRISIS
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, in the
midst of continuing tensions in the
Caribbean area, it is noteworthy, I think,
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
to point out that the measures taken by
the .U.S. Government to alert our mili-
tary forces to the exigencies of the situa-
tion have had their counterpart in
equally swift and decisive actions taken
by civilian agencies which support our
Armed Forces.
I refer specifically to those agencies
which deal with the welfare of men and
women in uniform, and the additional
pressures which the Cuban crisis has put
on their programs. A report delivered
to me from the National Jewish Welfare
Board is typical of the way on which
these organizations have rallied to the
service of `soldiers, sailors, marines and
airmen who were redeployed to various
areas of the country as the crisis de-
veloped. The National Jewish Welfare
Board is the government-authorized
agency for religious 'and morale services
to Jewish personnel in our Armed Forces
and their dependents, and it recruits,
endorses and serves Jewish Chaplains
for the military establishment. It con-
ducts a vast recreation and cultural
leisure-time program for servicemen
and their families and is 'a member of
United, Service Organizations, Inc.-
USO. It also serves people of all ages
in the civilian community as the na-
tional association of YM-YWHA's and
Jewish Community Centers.
With the announcement by the Presi-
dent of the naval and air quarantine of
Cuba, the National Jewish Welfare
Board took a series of steps designed to
ease the problems of servicemen and
their dependents who were affected by
the sudden shifting of military forces.
The organization made an on-the-spot
study of Jewish communities in the
Southeastern United States to determine
what local facilities were available to
those coming into the area. The or-
ganization's affiliated Jewish Community
Centers and other institutions such as
synagogues. were briefed on the possible
needs which would arise.
The National Jewish Welfare Board's
Commission on Jewish Chaplaincy con-
tacted all civilian rabbis in the area who
serve as auxiliary Jewish chaplains, out-
lining the probable additional religious
and morale activities which would be
required.
The organization's director in Balboa,
Canal Zone, made a swing around Jew-
ish communities in the Caribbean where
the National Jewish Welfare Board has
religious and morale programs for the
military, to strengthen the potential in
these communities.
Emergency services were supplied, in-
cluding the finding of housing and other
necessities, for families of Navy and Ma-
rine Corps personnel hurriedly evacu-
ated by air from Guantanamo Bay on
the eve of the announcement of the
quarantine.
This reaction to a national need is
nothing new in the history of the Na-
tional Jewish Welfare Board, which was
established early during World War I
at the request of our Government for
just this kind of service. Through two
World Wars, Korea, and similar crises,
this organization has established
a- memorable- tradition for rising to
emergency situations and for day-by-day
constructive activity on behalf of the
young men and women in our- Armed
Forces.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA WELFARE
SITUATION
Mr. KEATING. Mr. President, all of
us who have a deep concern for the
District of Columbia are aware of its
many problems and interested in work-
ing to solve them. Crime, discrimina-
tion, and unemployment loom large in
the distressing picture. As a member of
the Senate Juvenile Delinquency Sub-
committee, I have had firsthand knowl-
edge in these areas, and know that many
improvements can be made. I have,- for
example, recently cosponsored a bill of-
fered by the Senator from Connecticut
[Mr. DODD] to provide fair employment
legislation for the- District. I intend to
join in pressing - for early enactment of
that bill since I believe it is a meaningful
first step in helping District residents to
help themselves.
No one would deny, however, that one
of the primary manifestations of Wash-
ington's malaise is the situation existing
in the field of public welfare. A subject
of continuing concern among experts is
how to prevent a permanent welfare
class. No one would abandon those who
require the assistance of the community
to meet their basic needs. At the same
time there is a growing feeling that wel-
fare aid in the District has not been ad-
ministered in a manner which helps its
beneficiaries to become self-sufficient. A
permanent welfare class is not in keep-
ing with human dignity or the traditions
of our society. We must help those in
need, but we must help them in a way
which aids and encourages them to re-
construct their lives so they may become
self-sufficient and self-supporting.
This problem is the subject of a recent
comprehensive report prepared by they
Public Welfare Crisis Committee of the
Washington chapter, National Associa-
tion of Social Workers under the direc-
tion of Dr. Daniel Thursz of Catholic
University. I. know that other Members
of this body will be interested in the
study since we are, in effect, the City
Council of. the District of Columbia,
charged with governing a voteless citi-
zenry. I, therefore, ask unanimous con-
sent to have inserted in the RECORD at
this point, a summary of the committee's
recommendations and an editorial from
the Washington Post dealing with this
subject.
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS,
METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON CHAPTER, SUM-
MARY or RECOMMENDATIONS _
The Public- Welfare Crisis Committee, on
behalf of the Metropolitan Washington Chap-
ter of the National Association of Social
Workers, recommends:
(a) Assistance grants: A complete upward
revision of the District of Columbia Depart-
ment of Public Welfare budget, based on
current cost-of-living indexes, with a built-
in clause to -allow for increasing the total
4813
grant when there is a rise in the cost of
living. -
Elimination of the reduced allowance
clause for families with four or more chil-
dren. Since the grant schedules are too low
to begin with, we see no need to cut them
further.
. Development of a program for emergency
Counseling. and relief to take care of tem-
porary situations of financial stress.
(b) The employable mother: A revision
in the regulations so that each mother will
have the right to determine whether the wel-
fare of her children will best be served by her
remaining at home or by taking employment.
The mother who remains at home to give
care to her children needs also to feel that
she is -a worthwhile citizen.
Regulations that facilitate temporary, part-
time, or even full-time employment, but the
initiative should come from the mother. In
some cases, mothers will be able to assume
limited employment. This initiative should
be encouraged rather than penalized by re,
duction in grants. Coverage for costs due to
employment should be allowed, including ex-
penses for the care of children. -
School age should not be regarded as a
stage in development that frees a child from
the need of parental control. Older chil-
dren, including adolescents, require super-
vision-not in the same fashion, but to the
same extent-as preschool children.
A revision of the regulations so as to em-
phasize the right of a child to his own
parents in his own home. We believe that
all resources of - the community should be
used to make this possible. - Only as the
'parents themselves feel incompetent or the
court finds them so, should placement away
from home be considered a desirable -plan
for any child.
A completely new public assistance state-
ment about the employability of mothers is
needed. The basic philosophy on which the
current regulations were made needs close
reexamination. Current costs of adequate
financial help should be measured against
the potential cost to the community if ade-
quate services are not provided now.
(c) The ~nan-in-the-House rule: The
abandonment of the 34 special eligibility
factors which determine whether a man has
a continuing relationship, with a woman and
her children. The presence or absence of
the man, other than the legal husband,
should not be a consideration in establish-
ing eligibility for aid to dependent children.
Rather, the important factor should be
whether or not a family is - able to meet its
needs as determined by the public assistance
budget.
When it is established that "the mother
has a continuing association with a man,
similar to that of husband and wife"-that-
the Department of Public Welfare provide
financial grants to those of the mother's
children who are not being supported by
their natural fathers and who are not the
children of the man in the house, unless
he Is willing and able to support them.
The nonhusband living continuously as the
family head should- be responsible for the
support of the mother and his children by
her. The legal requirement that an absent
father continue to have financial responsi-
bility for his own children should be
enforced.
To determine if the male head of the house
is able to support the family, the Depart-
ment of, Public Welfare investigate and see
how much he can earn and contribute with
regularity. If it is determined that he is
not able to provide , full support for his
children, then the Department should sup-
plement the family's income to make it
compatible with the aid to dependent chil-
dren standard living scale.
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4811 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE
That all financial resources of the family
on public assistance be Investigated periodic-
ally by the Department.
That the Department continuously ask
for verification of the man's employment
status. The Department has the right to ex-
pect the man to make all attempts to secure
employment.
(d) Implementation of the national pro-
gram in the District of Columbia: [A review
of selected 1962 public welfare amendments
affecting the administration of the aid to
families of dependent children program as
shown that the District of Columbia has not
taken advantage of several provisions of Fed-
eral legislation which would be beneficial to
the District and would strengthen the aid
to dependent children program. For most of
the changes In the Federal law, the District
of Columbia already has the legal authority
necessary to make them a part of the Dis-
trict's Public Assistance Program, and the De-
partment of Public Welfare could put them
into effect by administrative action.[
The following programs could be imple-
mentedby administrative action:
Extend the aid to dependent cbiidren pro-
gram to children who are deprived of paren-
tal support and care because of the un-
employment of a parent.
Extend social services to all aid to de-
pendent children families by decreasing case-
loads to the maximum of 60 recommended by
the Federal Government, and by developing
a program that wolud make possible fre-
quent home visits and the working out of a
case plan for each child that would give
consideration to the family's needs in such
aspects of life as health, housing, child care,
management of limited funds, job train-
ing, education, etc. To be eligible for the
75 percent Federal financial partlelaptlon,
the Welfare Department must provide this
minimum package of services by July 1, 1983.
Help to better prepare Its staff to provide
the social services described in the preced-
ing recommendation through an organized
program of In-service training and enabling
staff to get the necessary technical and pro-
fessional education while on educational
leave from the agency. If plans for an or-
ganized training program are developed by
July 1, 1983, the Welfare Department will
be eligible for 75 percent Federal financial
participation for the program.
Continue assistance under the aid to de-
pendent children program to children who
are removed from their homes by the courts
because of the unsuitability of the home.
This assistance could continue If children
are placed in a foster home or in certain
licensed, nonprofit, child-caring institutions.
Plan a program to provide day care for
children who are not able to be under
parental supervision during the day or for
part of the day. With such a plan the Dis-
trict will be able to apply for Federal funds
under the child welfare grant program.
Funds are expected to be made available
as part of a supplemental appropriation of
Congress this year and the Welfare Depart-
ment does not need further legislation to
take advantage of this provision.
[The following recommendation would re-
quire congressional action to make it pos-
sible for the District to particlpatej : It Is
recommended that Congress give the District
of Columbia legal authority to Institute a
community work and training program de-
signed to increase the work skills of unem-
ployed parents and to prepare children over
i8 years of age In aid-to-dependent-children
families for gainful employment.
(c) Staff and other services; Every Public
Assistance Division worker be given a formal
period of in-service training and orientation
in a unit staffed by professional people,
This course of study should be geared to in-
struct the workers in concepts of services to
clients based on sound social work prin-
ciples. While the committee feels that every
Public Assistance Division worker would be
beat equipped to handle his difficult and
complex job by acquiring a master's degree
in social work, it recognizes that this is
neither feasible nor practical at this stage.
Every effort be made by the Department to
take advantage of available Federal funds to
provide for the further training of workers
in schools of social work so that the Depart-
ment will have a larger number of workers
with the master's degree in social work.
The agency develop differentiation In sal-
aries and job responsibilities based on educa-
tion and experience in order to provide work-
ers with further Incentives to additional
learning.
The Department of Public Welfare and the
schools of social work in the Washington area
consider the development of courses and in-
stitutes specifically designed for the welfare
worker during summers or evenings when
workers may participate.
The National Association of Social Workers
explores ways by which it can be useful In
helping the welfare worker who does not
have professional training become more
closely aware of the profession's goals and
principles.
(a) Staff and other services-Division of
responsibilities; That the most qualified
staff be assigned to intake services. We wish
to emphasize the crucial nature of the intake
service where the client for the first time
meets a reaction to his request for aid. Here
are needed the best trained and most expe-
rienced staff members whose jobs must In-
clude the following: (1) provide help to
clients to secure the necessary documenta-
tion to determine eligibility; (ii) refer in-
eligible clients to alternative community re-
sources; (iii) assigned accepted clients to
appropriate unit with continued care section.
That the caseload be reviewed In the con-
tinued care section In order to select special
kinds of cases for Intensive casework serv-
ices and that these special cases be handled
by the most qualified workers. The newer
workers could begin with those clients need-
ing a minimum of help in maintaining
themselves and solving their problems.
That all supervisors in the Public Assist-
ance Division should have professional train-
Ing.
That investigators be used at the request
of and be responsible to the caseworker when
the caseworker sees the need for this type
of help in determining certain kinds of facts.
The committee cannot emphasize too strong-
ly that Investigators cannot In any way per-
form the rehabilitative function of the social
workers. When caseloads are reduced to meet
the standards of the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, and when the staff
Is training either in schools of social work or
in programs within the Department, then
fraud can be reduced.
The committee believes that the experi-
ence of other cities has proven the useful-
ness of other skills and disciplines to the
client. These should include social group
work, community organization, day care spe-
clallats, family planners, home economists,
etc.
That the Department assume the respon-
sibility to provide literacy and vocational
training and guidance to the head of the
household to enable him to become self-
supporting, and a constructive example to
his children.
(a) Staff and other services-Organization
of the Department: the committee recom-
mends the following steps to improve both
the eelclency of the total agency and its
rehabilitative function:
Integration of the categories of public as-
statance and child welfare so that one worker
would be responsible for one family, its fi-
March 28
nanciai needs, and its related problems. This
Integration would assist in providing profef
sional leadership for the Public Assistance
Division.
Decentralization of the Department into
small neighborhood units so that the worker
would have his office In the area where his
client lives. With this kind of opportunity
to know his family, his way of life, the work-
er would better understand his needs. The
present facilities used by the Department are
,totally inadequate for this type of service.
Limit the amount of administrative detail
now handled by the welfare workers and
increase the use of machines so that the
workers can be released for the tasks for
which they have been hired.
[From the Washington (D.C,) Post, Mar. 6,
19631
THE 46 SCANDALS
The great strength of the Crisis Commit-
tee's report on the Welfare Department lies
in its collection of the stories of 48 families
that this city abandoned to hunger because
they could not meet the departmental regu-
lations. It is a portrait drawn from life,
Here we have the mother of two small chil-
dren who Is denied relief as employable under
a definition that shrugs off the impossibility
of finding a job for her, or of finding care
during the day for the children. The com-
mittee comments: "Whim rather than wel-
fare can readily dictate the fate of children
in a public assistance family, so long as the
current policy is used as a base for practice."
Here we find the mother who was cut off
relief because her landlord was a bachelor.
Here also Is the mother of 11 children who
lost her relief because an adolescent daughter
had an Illegitimate baby. They were both
victims of the man-in-the-house rule. That
will be remembered as the rule permitting a
mother on relief to have any number of
affairs as long its they are kept completely
transient, but prohibiting her from living
with her husband. That rule has already
generated an accumulation of degradation
and misery for which this city will be doing
penance for decades to come, but a morally
careless city continues to enforce it,
The Crisis Committee was established by
the local chapter of the National Association
of Social Workers, under Dr. Thursz, of
Catholic University, and provides a more
professional analysis of the Department's
errors than we have previously seen. It pro-
vides a deeply disquieting view into the De-
partment Itself. First among the causes of
staff inefficiency and turnover, It cites the
departmental policies that require case
workers "to administer restrictive and un-
just regulations, and to award below-mini-
mum grants to clients, causing clients to
enter into Illicit ways of supplementing
grants and concealing facts about the family
situation." Last summer Senator BYRD of
West Virginia ordered the Department to
reduce Its relief rolls by eliminating the very
large number of cases there by fraud. Since
the Department's staff is neither large enough
nor experienced enough to weed out the
illegal recipients, it is reducing the rolls by
seizing any excuse, no matter how trivial,
to deny help to impoverished families. "At
this point," the Crisis Committee states, "the
job is seen more as trying to see who should
not receive assistance rather than seeing how
It Is possible to help those who need it.
There Is a 70-percent rejection rate here as
opposed to 30 percent nationwide."
The Crisis Committee has accomplished
the salutary purpose of prodding the city's
conscience. The question is whether the
city's conscience has not grown so flabby,
by lack of exercise, that even these 48 cases
of scandal can no longer rouse It from its
normaly recumbent position,
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,,Stone," Barney Madden remarked after
Jim had twisted one in, "should volunteer
for the submarine corps. There's no one
who can accomplish so much in so small a
space."
These were the five, and they had the title
put away almost from the start. For a time,
it seemed they couldn't break the four-point
barrier. But near the end of the first half,
the machine got going and, by midpoint in
the second period, it was a venture decided.
With some 2 minutes to play, Mullaney even
permitted himself to lean back on the bench
and enjoy what was happening.
"A short game for you, compared to some,"
a man remarked to the coach.
"Yes," Joe said, "but earlier I almost
fainted."
Mullaney took out the first team with some
90 seconds remaining. When Thompson got
to the bench, he clasped Ernst in a great
bear hug and lifted him off the floor. When
Vinnie got down, he gave Mullaney's head a
congratulatory rub. Friar students chanted,
"We're No. 1," and there were few doubters.
When the winners got to their quarters,
they behaved with championship calm.
Pleased, proud-yes. But it was obvious it
came as no great surprise.
"Was this team," a man asked Flynn, "as
good as the one you won here with in your
sophomore year?"
"This team," Ray said with emphasis, "is
the best team in the country."
Reporters took down the words, but Ray
had more.
"Is there any way you can arrange for us
to play Cincinnati?" he asked, half smiling
now. "If you can, we'd fill the place, and
I'd sell the tickets myself."
He would have a good thing going for him,
for the 1962-63 Friars have accomplished
much and this was the climax.
And more, overall.
In five tournaments, three finals-two
championships-three most valuable play-
ers-biggest afternoon crowd in 26 year-
the loudest, happiest rooters.
Right now, the Friars are Rhode Island's
greatest export.
poses. We have exacted from Brazil the
commitment that it will reduce subsidies.
In the United States we are to enter into
a subsidy program on mass transporta-
tion which will cost at least $5 billion in
the next 10 years.
Third. The Brazilian Government
suffered the exaction of the promise that
there be an increase imposed by the
Government on railroad freight and pas-
senger rates, with 'the view of reducing
operating deficits. In the United States
the Federal Government, working in
collaboration with a transit system in
Massachusetts, has sent $3.6 million to
the transit board in Massachusetts,
which, matched with $1.8 million of
Massachusetts money, is to be used to
subsidize passengers so as to take them
off the highways and put them in the
trains.
I was shocked the other day when in
testimony it was revealed that the Bos-
ton & Maine Railroad reduced passenger
rates frojn $1.99 to $1.10 a person.
The PRESIDING: OFFICER (Mr.
BAYH in the chair). The time of the
Senator from Ohio has expired.
Mr. LAUSCHE. May I have 2 more
minutes,- Mr. President?
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the distin-
guished Senator may proceed for 5 addi-
tional minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. LAUSCHE. I thank the Senator.
With that reduction of 89 cents in the
fare charged by the Boston & Maine,
7,000 more passengers used the Boston
& Maine Railroad, allegedly leaving their
automobiles at home. But then it was
disclosed that, in order to induce those
7,000 persons to use the train, the Gov-
ernment had to pay a dollar of subsidy
on each ticket. The fare was reduced
from $1.99 to $1.10. With such a reduc-
tion, of course, there was an increased
number of passengers.
So again we have a paradox: In Brazil
fiscal and monetary policies. Subse-
quently Italy followed, and then France,
trying to live within their budgets. And
they are now enjoying unprecedented
growth.
What we are telling the people of the
world to do-and now this applies espe-
cially to Brazil-we are not doing back
home. Federal expenditures have risen
by $17 billion in 3 years. The budget
this year will be in deficiency by $10,800
million, if all works out to the best
advantage. If it does not, the deficit is
likely to rise $15 billion.
So I say when we tell Brazil and othernations what to do concerning their
monetary and fiscal policies, we had
better take a look in the mirror and see
what our image is and see whether or
not we should not follow what we are
telling others to do.
AID TO BRAZIL
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, there
came to my desk today a communication
iss ied by Mr. D. E. Bell of the Depart-
ment of State. In it Mr. Bell recites the
correspondence which took place be-
tween the Brazilian Government and
our Government in connection with the
search for aid made by Brazil.
We have pledged our support, in the
form of aid for Brazil,, in the sum of
.$398.5 million. Certain conditions, sup-
posedly, are to be attached to the giving
of that aid. I should like to list some of
them.
First. The Brazilian Government has
committed itself to the adoption of a
tax reform program which will increase
revenues by about 25 percent and which
will provide the foundation for impor-
tant administrative improvements in tax
collections. We are to give nearly $400
million to Brazil under the condition
that Brazil will increase its revenues by
increasing its taxes. In the United
States we contemplate improving our
tax system by increasing spending and
reduced taxing. I cannot see how the
two courses are compatible.
Second. The Brazilian Government
promised the elimination of subsidies ola
wheat and petroleum products, so as to
reduce the cash deficit of the treasury
and free resources for development pur-
ei
h
d
a
g
o an
As for the United States, the final
passenger rates"; in the United States abandonment of American efforts even
the Federal Government is beginning to seek justice for Hungary through the
to contribute money for the purpose of United Nations would constitute a long
reducing rates so as to induce people to step toward the fulfillment of Khru-
leave the highways and ride the trains. shchev's main purpose, which is to con-
Other conditions have been imposed, quer the West by destroying faith in the
allegedly insuring that Brazil will stabil- steadfastness of the United States.
ize its currency and thus be able to main-. The Hungarian problem should be a
tain its own economy. must for full consideration by the United
A few days ago Mr. Per Jacobsson, Nations General Assembly, which will
head of the International Monetary convene in its 18th session September 16,
Fund, made a speech about the growth 1963. The main orders issued by the
in the Common Market nations of Eu-- United Nations in 1956 and 1957 have
rope and Japan. We in the United not been fulfilled and it now appears they
States are complaining because our will not be.
economic growth is not adequate. Mr. Mr. President, on December 31, 1962,
Jacobsson made this statement: the Committee for Hungarian Liberation
Looking back through history, the -coun- issued a memorandum signed by its ex-
tries who have maintained relatively stable ecutive vice president, Gen. Julius Ko-
monetary conditions, so that people know
vacs, which ask body of consent to
they are dealing with a sound currency.
have derived distinct advantages from such have printed in the e body of the RECORD.
an achievement. Confidence in currency is There being no objection, the memo-
a plant of slow growth. randum was ordered to be printed in the
Mr. Jacobsson further went on to RECORD, as follows:
point out that Japan and West Germany COMMITTEE FOR HUNGARIAN
were the first to enjoy a resurrection of LIBERATION, INC.,
Cleveland, Ohio, December 31, 1962.
their economy. West Germany and It is with understandable disappointment
Japan were the first to adopt sound that the Hungarians living in the free world
HUNGARIAN LIBERATION
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, on
March 21 it was learned that Premier
Kadar had issued an amnesty order in
Hungary covering a wide variety of
political crimes. It is reported that am-
nesty will be given to those who took
part in the Hungarian revolution of
1956. Persons convicted of espionage or
treason do not come under the amnesty,
and they will be required. to apply in-
dividually.
While this order may raise some de-
gree of hope, there remains considerable
apprehension among the enslaved na-
tions that the extremely serious reverses
which occurred under the effects of
Stalin's personality during and after
World War II may be repeated under
Khrushchev's personality.
Mr. President, in the brief remarks
that I made on the floor of the Senate
on August 11, 1962, I expressed my grave
fear that the Hungarian problem would
not be given full consideration at the
,'17th. General Assembly of the United
Nations. The fear expressed at that
time has now become a fact.
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received knowledge of the fact that the 3. That the United States of Americagive kind of cargo to Cuban ports, have taken
United States made the recommendation to recognition to the Russian colonial rulers In a position indicating their purpose to
revoke the authority vested In Sir Leslie Budapest as being the legitimate Government serve freedom by giving to and not tak-
Munro in the matter of the "question of of Hungary by establishing diplomatic rela- ing from it. The industry of the Greek
Hungary." It becomes even more difficult tions with It. mercantile marine, by abiding to the
to understand this recommendation when It 4. That the free nations exercise In the mercantile banning all vessels to under
to considered that Moscow and the Moscow- United Nations the same energy and sin-
run government of Budapest have done cerity for demanding the disintegration and Greek flag from carrying any kind of
demonstrated
nothing to satisfy the resolutions passed by abolition of the eastern slave empire, as the cargo to Cua Ports,
C to occupy a position
the United Nations In 1958 and later. It Is United States of America have exercised in Its Unselfish absolutely certain that it Is the Russian Red demanding the freedom of the Asian and Af- in the vanguard of people fighting
army which kept the R'ladar puppet govern- rican colonies. communism.
ment in power in Hungary. As a result, The people living under International or Little Greece is trying to tell the great
human rights and national independence national communism still consider commu- firm,
do not exist as far as the Hungarian people nism as an Institution which does not recog- United States the that we purpose should rb be e fir
are concerned. The only change which has also moral codes or political boundaries and
taken place In Hungary is the Improvement an international menace just as under Stalin. Communism from Central and Southern
of the Communist propaganda techniques They draw these conclusions from persona' America. It knows the methods of
aimed at-the free west and elsewhere. experience. Today as well as under Stalin, communism because of painful ex-
The at.-the people the world over they are living under a complete dtttator- perience.
clearly see the consequence of the revoca- ship. Behind this dictatorship stands the We rose to our greatest heights last
tion of the authority of Sir Leslie Munro. powerful Red army. The happy and free O22 when the President of the
There will be no more discussions in the nations living at a safe distance are in no October tobe States declared firmly our pthe
United Nations concerning the brutal and position to clearly understand the true na- United
not to tolerate o in ur-
colonialistie suppression of the Hungarian ture of that slave system-pose people. It appears to many as the final The enslaved peoples cannot share the op- Americas. We have fallen basely to
burial of the international significance of timtstic views which were implied in & talk dishonorable levels since October 22
the Hungarian question. The Hungarian given by Secretary General of the U.N., by the toleration in Cuba and in other
freedom fight is no longer a moral and po- U Thant on December 2, 1962. or bg Mr. Ball, Western American countries of Com-
litical weapon In the hands of the free Under Secretary of State, in New York on munist subversion, infiltration, and
nations. It will appear to eastern and cen- December 13, 1882. In the service of a grin- sabotage.
tral Europe and the Balkans and the sup- ciple. it does not make much of a difference Nation should enlist the aid of
pressed nationalities of the Soviet Union as who the Individual is and who holds the Our
of
every country should possible-especially those
proof that individual rights and national flag. There Is no difference in the purpose
Independence from 1962 forward, will be of office whether it is filled by Stalin or to which we have been generous in
measured In terms of double standards. It Khrushchev. granting aid-to impose sanctions on
further appears as a silent acceptance of the The experienced people of the enslaved international water carriers which carry
status quo. nations watched the Cuban developments cargoes either into or out of Cuba,
In view of the above, hope for the libera- with critical awareness. The result of the banning them the right to enter the
tion of the enslaved nations will diminish. Cuban situation was not one of victory of ports of the sanctioning nations,
At the same time the power of the Soviet the principles of the free West over that of MONRONEY obtained the Union and Its puppet governments will be communism, because this never developed Mr. MAGNUSON. obtained the floor.
lo President, will
Increased. In the eyes of the enslaved Its- into an issue. It was primarily a victory
Lions there has been decline in the moral of the United States of America over the So- this motor yield to messed comment the Senn
reputation of the western peoples. Further- viet Union in the area of power politics- The h
more, this recommendation will In no way Communist ideology and the way of life it ator from Ohio?
improve the spirit of resistance to Commu- represents never was threatened during the Mr. MONRONEY. I yield.
nist slavery among the enslaved peoples. critical period.
It Is understandable that the enslaved na- There is considerable apprehension among Mr. MAGNUSON. The Senator from
tions are deeply disturbed because the cham- the enslaved nations that the extremely seri- Ohio just mentioned shipping to Cuba.
pion of freedom, the United States, made the ous reverses which occurred under the effects Since January, and even since last fall,
recommendation, and the protector of small of Stalin's personality during and after World I have been putting In the RECORD, week
nations, the United Nations, accepted it. War II will be repeated now under Khru- by week, as I get the reports, a list of
The explanation made by U.S. Representa- shchev's personality. Because of an error in Cuba.
call can at the i Commuunist nist Cuba.
tlve Rowan has not alleviated the unfortu- the Interpretations of Stalin's Intentions, the The ships RECORD that shows
I
nate Impression. The transfer of the Hun- very grievous errors were made with reference
garian question to the personal authority of to the small nations and consequently to the have placedin it. I have the latest fig-
the U.N. Secretary General is not comfort- entire world. Not only over 200 million peo- ures available.
ing, since specific Instructions were not ple were tossed Into slavery, but the present I mentioned the Greek order last week.
provided cold war is a direct consequence. It was a courageous order on the part
Small nations under these circumstances Authorized by the member and cooperating of Greece, but it had an escape clause
again are experiencing two great powers tak- organizations, societies, groups, and branches of it Greece, which they suggested they ause
ing steps toward agreements without rail- in the United States of America, Canada, in in
Ing the Iron Curtain. The struggles toward South America, and Europe. have no control over ships carrying the
liberation and freedom of the small nations JULIUS KOVACS, Greek flag which were chartered. The
which have fallen lntq an unfortunate Executive Vice President. Greek Government went as far as it-
sphere of influence became nothing more -~~ could. I appreciate that. We are hope-
than sacrificial offerings. Yet, these peo- ENTS ful all free nations will go even further.
LM- plea have been required to sacrifice made GREEK EMBAR In view of the remarks of the.Senator
measurably as a result of arrangements only VTJBA from Ohio, with which I thoroughly
at Teheran, Yalta, and Potsdam. Not only MT LAUSCHE President, the agree, and in keeping with my practice
did they lose human rights and national
liberties, unnumbered millions have lived Embassy of Greece in Washington on to advise the Senate of free world ship-
through the anguish of elimination of free March 16, 1963, announced that a ping to Communist Cuba, I wish to call
speech, fear, want, and death by torture. royal decree out of Athens has banned to the attention of my colleagues that
The enslaved nations and the Hungarian all vessels under the Greek flag from during a 2-week period from March 8,
people would like to believe that this step carrying any kind of cargo to Cuban 1963, through March 22, 1963, 11 free
was taken as a tactical necessity. They ports. world ships, totaling 84,920 gross tons
Under the order one exception was called in Cuban ports delivering supplies
like to not would abandoned t thos e b e that principles free whicchh st has
form m
hos
the foundation of individual and national made protecting the agreements ex- to bulwark the intrusion of communism
existence in the free world. For these rea- ecuted by the shipowners under time- in this hemisphere. Combined tanker
sons we respectfully ask you: charter cpntracts prior to the issuance tonnage of 40,684 gross tons in ships fly-
1. That the free nations do not support of the March 16 order. ing British and Italian flags delivered
any action to minimize the significance of The decree issued by the royal Gov- more badly wanted petroleum products.
the U.N. resolution concerning Hungary, or ernment of Greece is reflective of the The names of the ships, their flag of
that these resolutions be stricken from the ancient purpose of the Greek people to registry, and tonnage are as follows:
stand by the cause of freedom. . Athelduke (tanker), British, 9,089.
2. record That with the tech free nations silent refuse recognize
the representative of the e Russian ian puppet gov- The Greeks, in banning all vessels ,4thelsulfan (tanker), British, 9,149.
ernment of Hungary, Kadar's government, under the Greek flag from carrying any Bytom, Polish, 5,967.
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Himmerland, Danish, 8,774. Mr. MAGNUSON. In all fairness I
Linda Giovanna (tanker), Italian, 9,985. should say that although many of these
North Empress, Greek, 10,904.
Pamit, Greek, 3,92D. countries do not have a merchant fleet
.
San Nicola (tankers), Italian, 12,461. comparable in size with those of the
Seirios, Greek, 7,239. , countries about which we have been
Mr. President, if we look at the RECORD reading, so far zj,s I can ascertain, since
for January 9 it will be found that the October there have been practically no
real offenders in this matter have been South American countries involved, al-
the British and the Greeks; but the though there have been some pan-Amer-
Greeks have taken some moves to do ican ships, or ships flying the a-
something about it. I do not know what than flag. I do not know of any c countountry
the British have done, that is more deserving of our friendship,
have a list of the ships before me. and whose problems we should view sym-
I British tanker. ps before Brit- pathetically, than Panama. Some of
Here hais a e a
these
ish tanker. A Norwegian ship of 3,800 Chinese ships have been to Communist them
tons. A Polish ship. Of course, we ex- Of course, all Canal. them
pect the Communist bloc ships to go to list s pa is through ahg Panama Cw deG e I do
e
lau
Cuba. Here is a new one, a Spanish- believe that t wg steadily. However,
applaud
flag ship. A Danish ship. An Italian for ought to
for attempting g to o do something Greece
about it.
hing
i
p. A
ship. A Greek ship. A Greek sh
Greek ship-
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield for a question?
Mr. MAGNUSON. I yield.
Mr. LAUSCHE. What have Yugo-
slavia and Poland done?
Mr. MAGNUSON. Yugoslav shipping
was quite prominent In all the reports I
placed in the RECORD. I put that infor-
mation in the RECORD. But as of June
or August last, before all the trouble
happened, Yugoslavia sent five ships on
seven trips to Cuba. The percentages
of ships going into Cuba at that time
were 25 percent Greek, 13 percent Brit-
ish, 12 percent German, 9 percent Nor-
wegian, and approximately 4 percent
Yugoslav.
The West Germans first issued a strict
order,, following the Cuban crisis, and
have lived up to it so far as we have
been informed. The Norwegians have
said they will cooperate as best they can,
but that they have no control over their
chartered ships, The Greeks have taken
a move. I am hopeful the British Gov-
ernment will do so.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
time of the Senator has expired.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent to continue for
2 more minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. LAUSCHE. The situation the
Senator has referred to covered the
period before October 22. Is that cor-
rect?
Mr. MAGNUSON. I have put in the
RECORD a list relating to prior to the
October incident, and I have been put-
ting information in the RECORD approxi-
mately every 2 weeks right up to date.
I have here the names of the ships
that were Involved between March 8 and
March 22 of this year.
Mr. LAUSCHE. I am glad that the
Senator has contributed that informa-
tion in connection with the remarks I
made, because we are in agreement that
our allies throughout the world, as well
as Yugoslavia and Poland, whose Com-
munist governments are the recipients
of our aid and our charity, ought at this
point to recognize that they owe some-
thing to us and not be giving sustenance
A PROPOSED RULE OF GERMANE-
NESS AND OTHER PROPOSALS
Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President,
Senate Resolution 89 was submitted to
the Senate on February 19, 1963, by the
senior Senator from Rhode Island (Mr.
PASTOREI. This resolution would amend
rule 8 of the Standing Rules of the Sen-
ate to provide that a rule of germane-
ness be applied during the 4-hour period
after the morning hour is concluded.
When this resolution was presented to
the Senate, the principal author, the
Senator from Rhode Island, yielded the
floor to me and I stated at that time that
I would like to be a cosponsor. However,
I find that this request was not ac-
knowledged by the Chair at that time,
and I am not now listed as one of the 30
coauthors of this very important and de-
sirable proposal. Therefore, at this
time I ask unanimous consent that I be
listed as a cosponsor of Senate Resolu-
tion 89.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. MONRONEY. I thank the Pre-
siding Officer.
This resolution, Senate Resolution 89,
has been referred to the Committee on
Rules and Administration. Among its
most enthusiastic supporters are several
members of the ad hoc Committee for
the Expeditious Handling of Senate
Business. This committee was ap-
pointed by the majority leader, acting as
chairman of the Democratic conference,
on January 9, the opening day of this
session. It has since held a number of
informal conferences and has met with
representatives of a similar ad hoc com-
mittee appointed at a meeting of the
Republican conference on opening day.
The discussions which have been held
during these past few weeks have clearly
emphasized the need for immediate ac-
tion on Senate Resolution 89, and also
for consideration as soon as possible of
another resolution, Senate Resolution.
111, which the Senator from Idaho [Mr.
CHURCH] submitted on March 14. Join-
Ing Senator CHURCH as coauthors of
Senate Resolution 111 were Senators
ANDERSON, MCGEE, PASTORE, and myself.
it would amend rule 15 of the standing
rules of the Senate, which now prohibits
meetings of standing committees of the
Senate while the Senate is in session,
without special leave. It proposes to
amend that provision of, the Legislative
Reorganization Act of 1946 on which
rule 15 is based. A committee would
then require special leave of the Senate
only in those instances when it desires
to sit after the conclusion of the morn-
ing hour, or after the Senate has pro-
ceeded to the consideration of unfinished
business.
All of us are well aware of the increas-
ing volume of critical commentaries re-
garding the present pace of congres-
sional activities. Much of the criticism
along this line has been unjustified. I
am convinced that Members of the Sen-
ate are working harder than they have
ever worked before. The start of com-
mittee work was delayed this year by
the debate on the proposed change of
rule 22, but since that matter was dis-
posed of, committee work has
accelerated.
The two resolutions to which I have
referred would'permit an immediate ac-
celeration of work on the floor of the
Senate at a time when an overwhelming
workload lies ahead.
The ad hoc committee named by the
Democratic conference held one joint
session with its equivalent group from
the Republican conference. The joint
group reached a consensus on a holiday
recess schedule which was adopted in-
sofar as Lincoln's Birthday and Wash-
ington's Birthday were concerned. Ac-
cording to the consensus, forthcoming
recess schedules would be along these
general lines:
First. Easter: Recess Thursday, April
11, through Friday, April 19.
Second. Memorial Day: Recess Mon-
day, May 27, through Friday, May 31.
Third. July 4: Recess Wednesday, July
3, through Friday, July 5.
The ad hoc committee, in keeping with
the instructions of~ the majority leader
at the time it was organized, has also
taken affirmative action concerning a
proposed summer recess starting at the
close of business Friday, August 16, and
extending through Monday, September
2, The members of the ad hoc commit-
tee reported on these matters to Senator
MANSFIELD on March 5 with the sugges-
tion that the leadership of the Senate
consult with the leaders of the House
of Representatives in an effort to firm
up a program of work for both Houses
during the last 2 weeks of August. Many
Members of both the Senate and the
House have advocated the 2-week recess
in August in the belief that an overall
improvement in attendance and in the
rate of legislative activity would result,
Several Members favoring this late sum-
mer recess want to have an opportunity
to return home for that period in order
to consult with their constituents before
the final crucial weeks of the session.
Others see the -recess as an opportunity
to enjoy vacations with their school-age
children, who in past years have been
back in the classroom before sine die
adjournment.
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4764 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
time of the Senator has expired.
Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that I may Pro-
ceed for 2 additional minutes.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, It is so ordered.
Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, the
pros and cons of the summer recess will
have to be considered eventually from
the standpoint of the amount of work
which we are able to complete during
the Immediate months ahead. Now is
the time for us to do something about
this scheduling problem if we are to
avoid another long and wearying ex-
tension of our work into the autumn or
beyond. The people of the United
States, by and large, cannot understand
why It is necessary for the sessions of
Congress to grow longer and longer.
When the Legislative Reorganization
was passed in 1946, the Congress went on
record as saying that Its work should
be completed no later than July 31
each year. The Members who passed
that bill were convinced that their mis-
sion could be accomplished each year
before July 31. More and more. Mem-
bers of Congress, In my opinion, are
becoming concerned with our pres-
ent scheduling. The July 31 deadline
seemed reasonable in 1946. Have our
problems and our responsibilities become
so much more difficult and complex that
we must now stay in session into the
autumn or later? Are we unwilling to
face up to the possibility that millions
of Americans do not believe we are mov-
ing as fast as we should?
In 1945 and 1946, the Congress,
through honest and diligent discussion,
agreed upon changes in procedure which
have made It possible for us to deal with
the more complex problems of govern-
ment in an era when the course of hu-
man events.constantly grows in diversity
and complexity.
Simple tools are available to us now
to increase our horsepower to give us a
faster getaway. The ad hoc Committee
on the Expeditious Handling of Senate
Business has three principal objectives.
First. To schedule as far In advance
as possible the periods when no votes of
record will occur, so that we can avoid
the random and uncertain holiday recess
practices which have worked hardships
on the Members of the Senate In the
past. Stated recess schedules limiting
the duration of these periods when
Members can schedule conferences and
speeches in their home States and be
absent from Washington will work to
the benefit of all Members and can ex-
pedite Senate action, as well. Too often
in the past important votes have been
delayed through the absence of one or
two Members. Too often these absences
resulted from ambiguity and misunder-
standings regarding the schedule of work
here on the floor. If we are to improve
our scheduling, we must necessarily
adopt the policy of refusing to delay
votes due to individual absences. This
will be fair when recess and holiday
schedules are clearly stated and clearly
understood In advance by the Members.
Second. The rule of germaneness, as
Senator PASTORS has pointed out, would
enable Senators to know that for 4 hours
after the conclusion of the morning hour
the subject matter under discussion on
the floor of the Senate would be germane
to the pending business. It is that sim-
ple. At all other times, both before the
period of germaneness and afterward,
Senators would have ample time to dis-
cuss any and all topics. We will be able
to talk early and to talk late, but we
would reserve the middle of our legisla-
tive day for the specific business at hand.
Third. Senate Resolution 111 should
have a fair trial. It likewise will do no
violence to the existing privileges of all
Senators. It would revise rule 15 to
permit committees to continue working
through the morning hour if they so de-
sire. It would keep in force the present
rule which requires unanimous consent
for committees to meet once the morn-
ing hour Is concluded.
The ad hoe committee urgently seeks
expeditious consideration of this pro-
posal, along with the recommended rule
of germaneness. We are all fully aware
of the very heavy burdens now carried
by Senators, Most of us are faced with
an increasing volume of legislation and
other work. Adoption of these two rules
changes, perhaps on an experimental
basis, will demonstrate our willingness to
undertake our additional workloads and
our additional responsibilities in a posi-
tive and constructive and timely manner.
PROMOTION AND RETIREMENT OF
FEDERAL EMPLOYEES
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President,
during the consideration last year of the
appropriation bill for independent of-
fices, the subcommittee inaugurated a
rule which we hoped would be helpful,
If not almost mandatory, to some of the
departments and agencies in stopping
the rise of employment In the depart-
mental divisions of the Government.
The administration can do much in this
field. One proposal was made which
was used to some advantage to the Com-
mittee on Appropriations and, I believe,
to the departments and independent of-
fices in the administration.
We found that when an employee re-
tired, at one end of the ladder-we do
not know for certain how many persons
will retire in a given year-the agency
used that amount of money to hire two
employees in the lower grades. This
added to the employment and, of course,
demonstrated what Dr. Parkinson has
long held, and which has become known
as Parkinson's law. This proposal re-
ceived some publicity, and some depart-
ments and independent agencies have
been carrying It out.
Last December 4, the Wenatchee,
Wash., Daily World published an edi-
torial entitled "Parkinson's Law-Little
Known But Easily Believed." The edi-
torial resulted in a letter being sent to
me by the U.S. Department of the Inte-
rior, Geological Survey. The letter
reads:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
GEOLOGICAL Suavay, WATGa RE-
SOURCES DIVISION, SuSsACE WA-
TER BRANCH. '
Tacoma, Wash., February 4, 1963.
Hon. WARREN G. MAGMUSOM,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SxmATos MAGNUSON: I thought you
may not have seen the Wenatchee Dally
March 28
World editorial of December 4, 1962, con-
cerning some statements attributed to you
on the subject of Federal employees and pay-
rolls. A print of it is enclosed.
Someother agencies may do as you say but
the Geological Survey would seem to me to
be an exception. According to my 38 years
of experience I am confident that, generally
speaking, one retirement in our agency re-
sults In the promotion of several lower em-
ployees and the hiring of only one new per-
son. I thought you might find this Informa-
tion-helpful.
Sincerely yours,
F. M. VEATCH,
District Engineer.
I say to Mr. Veatch: It is not only
helpful, but also refreshing, to Congress
and the administration to learn that
such a practice is not followed in the
Geological Survey.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed at this point in the
RECORD the editorial of December 4,
1962, which was published in the We-
natchee Daily World,
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed In the RECORD,
as follows:
PAaxIeesoN's LAw-Lri'rs,s KNOwN BUT
EASILY BELIEVED
At a committee bearing this fall, Senator
MAGNUSON discussed a fact of Government
employment that most people probably
didn't know about, but won't have much
trouble believing.
It was something known as Parkinson's
law-that each time a Government em-
ployee quits or retires, two others are hired
to replace him.
MACNUSoN explained it this way:
A $14,000 a year career employee retires.
The man below him moves into his job,
Now, there's an unexpended appropriation
that had been budgeted for the man who
retired.
No Government bureau ever likes to end
Its year without spending all the money
made available to it, for fear the next time
its full request won't be met. So, instead
of hiring one man at the bottom and moving
the rest up, the bureau has enough unex-
pended funds from the retirement to hire
two or three new beginners.
This it does. These three men ultimately
work up to higher salaries, eventually re-
tire, and nine new beginners are hired. So
it goes.
MAGNUsON pointed out that 50,000 career
Government employees retire each year,
But instead of the total payroll remaining
the same, it constantly grows.
The Senator recommended that only one
man should be hired to replace an employee
who had retired, and that reviews be con-
ducted in all Government agencies after
retirements to be sure that it does.
ATTEMPT BY SOVIET RUSSIA TO
CONTROL THE OCEANS
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, 3
years ago I stated that Soviet Russia, in
her thirst to dominate the world, avidly
is seeking to control the oceans.
Dominion over the oceans would give
the Sino-Soviet bloc control of 90 per-
cent of the earth's, surface and enable
Russia to imperil the remaining 10 per-
cent with missiles fired from submarines
hovering along the Continental Shelf.
Control of the oceans would permit
Russia to fragmentize the free world al-
liance, cut the lifelines to the United
States, and block the supply lines from
the United States to our oversea allies.
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