NATIONAL BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK

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CREST

Collection:

General CIA Records

Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):

CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5

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RIFPUB

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254

Document Creation Date:

December 15, 2016

Document Release Date:

May 6, 2004

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Case Number:

Publication Date:

January 1, 1979

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BOOK

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Januar~y 1979 Approve For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01 000010001 -5 National Basic Intelligence DIA and DOS review(s) completed. DIA AND DOS HAVE NO OBJECTION TO DECLASSIFICATION AND RELEASE. GC BIF 79-001 January 1979 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 The National Basic Intelligence Factbook, a compilation of basic data on political entities worldwide, is coordinated and published semiannually by the Central Intelligence Agency. The data are prepared by components of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Department of State. Comments and suggestions regarding the contents should be addressed to the Office of Geographic and Carto- graphic Research (Att: Factbook) Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C. 20505. The publication is prepared for the use of U.S. Government officials. The format, coverage and contents of the publication are designed to meet the specific requirements of those users. U.S. Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Non-U.S. Government users may obtain this along with similar CIA publications on a subscription basis by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gifts Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Non-U.S. Government users not interested in the DOCEX Project subscription service may purchase reproductions of specific publications on an individual basis from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Non-U.S. Government users may also purchase hard copies of this publication from: Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 041-015-00103-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 National Basic Intelligence FACTBOOK January 1979 Supersedes the July 1978 issuance of this Factbook, copies of which should be destroyed. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 041-015-00103-5. Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Entries in all capital letters refer to basic data sheets included in this Factbook Abbreviations for International Organizations .......................................................... x United Nations (U.N.): Structure and Related Agencies ........................................ xii Abu Dhabi (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) AFGHANISTAN .......................................................................................................... 1 'Ajman (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ALBANIA ...................................................................................................................... 2 ALGERIA ...................................................................................................................... 3 ANDORRA .................................................................................................................. 4 ANGOLA .................................................................................................................... 5 Anguilla (see ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS) ANTIGUA .................................................................................................................... 6 ARGENTINA ................................................................................................................ 7 AUSTRALIA .................................................................................................................. 9 AUSTRIA ...................................................................................................................... 10 Azores (see PORTUGAL) BAHAMAS, THE ........................................................................................................ 11 BAHRAIN .................................................................................................................... 12 Balearic Islands (see SPAIN) BANGLADESH ............................................................................................................ 13 BARBADOS .................................................................................................................. 15 BELGIUM .................................................................................................................... 16 BELIZE .......................................................................................................................... 17 BENIN .......................................................................................................................... 18 BERMUDA .................................................................................................................... 19 BHUTAN ...................................................................................................................... 20 BOLIVIA ...................................................................................................................... 21 BOTSWANA ................................................................................................................ 23 BRAZIL ........................................................................................................................ 24 British Honduras (see BELIZE) British Solomon Islands (see SOLOMON ISLANDS) BRUNEI ........................................................................................................................ 25 BULGARIA .................................................................................................................. 26 BURMA ........................................................................................................................ 28 BURUNDI ..................................................................................................................... 29 Cabinda (see ANGOLA) Cambodia (see KAMPUCHEA) CAMEROON .............................................................................................................. 30 CANADA .................................................................................................................... 31 iii Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Canary Islands (see SPAIN) CAPE VERDE .............................................................................................................. 33 CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE ...................................................................................... 34 Ceylon (see SRI LANKA) CHAD ............................................................................................................................ 35 CHILE .......................................................................................................................... 36 CHINA ........................................................................................................................ 38 COLOMBIA .................................................................................................................. 40 COMOROS ................................................................................................................... 42 CONGO (Brazzaville) ................................................................................................ 43 Congo (Kinshasa) (see ZAIRE) COOK ISLANDS ........................................................................................................ 44 COSTA RICA .............................................................................................................. 45 CUBA .......................................................................................................................... 46 CYPRUS ...................................................................................................................... 47 CZECHOSLOVAKIA ...................................................................................................... 49 Dahomey (see BENIN) DENMARK .................................................................................................................. 51 DJIBOUTI (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) .............................. 52 DOMINICA .................................................................................................................. 53 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ............................................................................................ 54 Dubai (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ECUADOR .................................................................................................................. 55 EGYPT .......................................................................................................................... 57 Ellice Islands (see TUVALU) EL SALVADOR ............................................................................................................ 58 EQUATORIAL GUINEA .............................................................................................. 59 ETHIOPIA .................................................................................................................... 60 FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) .......................................................................... 62 FAROE ISLANDS ........................................................................................................ 63 Fernando Po (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) FIJI .............................................................................................................................. 64 FINLAND .................................................................................................................... 65 FRANCE ...................................................................................................................... 66 FRENCH GUIANA ...................................................................................................... 68 FRENCH POLYNESIA ................................................................................................ 69 French Territory of the Afars and Issas (see DJIBOUTI) Fujairah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) GABON ...................................................................................................................... 70 GAMBIA, THE, .................................. ...... ...... ....... ....... . .... .... ........ ................. ... 71 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ........................................................................ 72 iv Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF ...................................................................... 74 GHANA ...................................................................................................................... 75 GIBRALTAR .................................................................................................................. 76 GILBERT ISLANDS ...................................................................................................... 77 GREECE ...................................................................................................................... 78 GREENLAND .............................................................................................................. 80 GRENADA .................................................................................................................. 81 GUADELOUPE ............................................................................................................ 82 GUATEMALA .............................................................................................................. 83 GUINEA ...................................................................................................................... 84 GUINEA-BISSAU ........................................................................................................ 85 Guinea, Portuguese (see GUINEA-BISSAU) GUYANA .................................................................................................................... 86 HAITI ............................................................................................................................ 88 HONDURAS .................................................................................................................. 89 HONG KONG ............................................................................................................ 90 HUNGARY .................................................................................................................. 91 ICELAND ...................................................................................................................... 93 INDIA .......................................................................................................................... 94 INDONESIA ................................................................................................................ 95 IRAN ............................................................................................................................ 97 IRAQ ............................................................................................................................ 98 IRELAND ...................................................................................................................... 99 ISRAEL ........................................................................................................................ 101 ITALY ............................................................................................................................ 102 IVORY COAST ............................................................................................................ 104 JAMAICA .................................................................................................................... 105 JAPAN ........................................................................................................................ 107 JORDAN ...................................................................................................................... 108 KAMPUCHEA (formerly Cambodia) .......................................................................... 109 KENYA ........................................................................................................................ 110 KOREA, NORTH ........................................................................................................ 112 KOREA, SOUTH ........................................................................................................ 113 KUWAIT ...................................................................................................................... 114 LAOS .......................................................................................................................... 115 LEBANON .................................................................................................................... 117 LESOTHO ...................................................................................................................... 118 LIBERIA ........................................................................................................................ 119 LIBYA .......................................................................................................................... 120 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 V Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 LIECHTENSTEIN .......................................................................................................... 122 LUXEMBOURG ............................................................................................................ 123 _M_ ...................................................................................................................... MACAO 124 MADAGASCAR .......................................................................................................... 125 Madeira Malagasy MALAWI Islands (see PORTUGAL) Republic (see MADAGASCAR) ...................................................................................................................... 127 ............. ....................................................................... .. . .. ....................... .. MALAYSIA 128 .................................................................................................................. MALDIVES 130 ............................................................................................................................ MALI 131 ............................................................ ............... .. ................ ... ... ..... .. MALTA 132 MARTINIQUE ................................................................................................................ 134 MAURITANIA... - _ ....... .... _ . ..... ....... ...... ! ....... ....................... .... .. 135 MAURITIUS .................................................................................................................. 136 MEXICO ........................................................................................................................ 137 MONACO .................................................................................................................... 139 MONGOLIA .................................................................................................................. 140 ................................................................................................................ MOROCCO 141 MOZAMBIQUE ............................................................................................................ 142 NAMIBIA (South-West Africa) .................................................................................. 143 NAURU ........................................................................................................................ 145 NEPAL .......................................................................................................................... 145 NETHERLANDS ............................................................................................................ 147 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES .......................................................................................... 148 .................................................................................................... NEW CALEDONIA 150 NEW HEBRIDES ........................................................................................................ 151 ........................................................................................................ NEW ZEALAND 151 NICARAGUA .............................................................................................................. 153 NIGER ....... ........ .................... ........ .......... ............... ............. ....... .............................:.:.. 154 NIGERIA ...... ......... ...... .............. ......... .......... ................. ...........................................: 155 Northern Rhodesia (see ZAMBIA) NORWAY ...................................................................................................................... 157 -0- OMAN ....................................................................................................................... 158 -P- PAKISTAN .................................................................................................................... 159 PANAMA 160 -P- PAPUA NEW GUINEA .............................................................................................. 162 ................................................................................................................ PARAGUAY 163 Pemba (see TANZANIA) PERU ........ .:............. .................................................. _................................................. 164 Vi Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 _P_ PHILIPPINES .................................................................................................................. 166 POLAND ...................................................................................................................... 167 PORTUGAL .................................................................................................................. 168 Portuguese Guinea (see GUINEA-BISSAU) Portuguese Timor (see INDONESIA) -Q- QATAR .......................................................................................................................... 170 Ras al Khaimah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) REUNION .................................................................................................................... 171 RHODESIA .................................................................................................................. 172 Rio Muni (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) ROMANIA .................................................................................................................. 173 RWANDA., .......... .......... .......... . .................. . . ..... ..................... : ...... ............... .175 ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA ...................................................................... 176 ST. LUCIA .................................................................................................................. 177 ST. VINCENT .............................................................................................................. 178 SAN MARINO ............................................................................................................ 178 SAO TOME and PRINCIPE ..................................................................................... 180 SAUDI ARABIA .......................................................................................................... 181 SENEGAL ...................................................................................................................... 182 SEYCHELLES ................................................................................................................ 183 Sharjah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) SIERRA LEONE .......................................................................................................... 184 SINGAPORE ................................................................................................................ 186 SOLOMON ISLANDS (formerly British Solomon Islands) ...................... ..... :.......... 187 SOMALIA ...................................................................................................................... 188 SOUTH AFRICA .......................................................................................................... 1$8 Southern Rhodesia (see RHODESIA) South-West Africa (see NAMIBIA) SPAIN .......................................................................................................................... 191 Spanish Sahara (see WESTERN SAHARA) SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) .................................................................................. 193 SUDAN ........................................................................................................................ 194 SURINAME .................................................................................................................. 196 SWAZILAND ................................................................................................................ ` 197 SWEDEN ..................................................................................................................... 198 SWITZERLAND ............................................................................................................ 200 SYRIA .......................................................................................................................... 201 TAIWAN ...................................................................................................................... 202 Tanganyika (see TANZANIA) TANZANIA .................................................................................................................. 202 Tasmania (see AUSTRALIA) Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 vii Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 THAILAND .................................................................................................................. 204 TOGO .......................................................................................................................... 205 TONGA ...................................................................................................................... 206 Transkei (see SOUTH AFRICA) TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ........................................................................................ 207 TUNISIA ...................................................................................................................... 208 TURKEY ........................................................................................................................ 210 TUVALU (formerly Ellice Islands) .............................................................................. 211 UGANDA .................................................................................................................... 212 Umm al Qaiwain (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) U.S.S.R. - .............. .................. ...... . ..... I ................ I-- ............ - ......................... ...... . 213 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaiwain ...................................................... 214 United Arab Republic (see EGYPT) UNITED KINGDOM .................................................................................................... 215 UNITED STATES ........................................................................................................ 231 UPPER VOLTA ............................................................................................................ 217 URUGUAY .................................................................................................................. 218 VATICAN CITY .......................................................................................................... 219 VENEZUELA .................................................................................................................. 220 VIETNAM .................................................................................................................... 221 WALLIS and FUTUNA .............................................................................................. 223 Walvis Bay (see SOUTH AFRICA) WESTERN SAHARA (formerly Spanish Sahara) ...................................................... 223 WESTERN SAMOA .................................................................................................... 224 YEMEN (Aden) ............................................................................................................ 225 YEMEN (Sana) ............................................................................................................ 226 YUGOSLAVIA .............................................................................................................. 227 ZAIRE .......................................................................................................................... 228 ZAMBIA ...................................................................................................................... 230 Zanzibar (see TANZANIA) viii Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 I CANADA II MIDDLE AMERICA III SOUTH AMERICA IV EUROPE V THE MIDDLE EAST VI AFRICA VII U.S.S.R. and ASIA VIII OCEANIA Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ADB Asian Development Bank AFDB African Development Bank ANZUS ANZUS Council; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United States ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union CACM Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CEAO West African Economic Community CEMA Council for Economic Mutual Assistance CENTO Central Treaty Organization Colombo Plan . . . Council of Europe DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) EAMA African States associated with the EEC EC European Communities (EEC, ECSC, EURATOM) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEC European Economic Community (Common Market) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank ELDO European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organization EMA European Monetary Agreement ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo ESRO European Space Research Organization EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community G-77 Group of 77 IADB Inter-American Defense Board ICES International Cooperation in Ocean Exploration IDB Inter-American Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency (Associated with OECD) IHO International Hydrographic Organization IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IRC International Red Cross LAFTA Latin American Free Trade Association LICROSS League of Red Cross Societies NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Cont.) OCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization ODECA Organization of Central American States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development SELA Latin American Economic System UDEAC Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa UEAC Union of Central African States WEU Western European Union WPC World Peace Council WT.) World Tourism Organization COMMODITY ORGANIZATIONS AIOEC Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries ANRPC Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries APC African Peanut (Groundnut) Council ASSIMER International Mercury Producers Association CIPEC Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries IATP International Association of Tungsten Producers IBA International Bauxite Association ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICCO International Cocoa Council ICO International Coffee Organization International Lead and Zinc Study Group IOOC International Olive Oil Council ISO International Sugar Organization ITC International Tin Council IWC International Whaling Commission IWC International Wheat Council OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries UPEB Union of Banana Exporting Countries WSG International Wool Study Group Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 January 1979 UNITED NATIONS (U.N.): STRUCTURE AND RELATED AGENCIES Principal Organs: Sc GA ECOSOC TC ICJ Operating Bodies: UNCTAD TDB UNDP UNICEF UNIDO Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat U.N. Conference on Trade and Development Trade and Development Board U.N. Development Program U.N. Children's Fund U.N. Industrial Development Organization ECA ECE ECLA ECWA ESCAP Economic Commission for Africa Economic Commission for Europe Economic Commission for Latin America Economic Commission for Western Asia Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Intergovernmental Agencies Related to the U.N.: FAO GATT IBRD ICAO I DA IFAD IFC ILO IMCO IMF (FUND) ITU UNESCO UPU WFC WHO WIPO Food and Agriculture Organization General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) International Civil Aviation Organization International Development Association (IBRD Affiliate) International Fund for Agricultural Development International Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate) International Labor Organization Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization International Monetary Fund International Telecommunication Union United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Universal Postal Union World Food Council World Health Organization World Intellectual Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization Autonomous Organization Under the U.N.: IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency xii Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Political, sociological, and economic data, including monetary conversion rates, generally reflect information through mid-October 1978, except for population estimates, which have been projected to 1 January 1979. Military manpower estimates are as of 1 July 1978 except for average number of males reaching military age, which are projected averages for the 5- year period 1978-82. Military and communications data are as of 31 October 1978 unless otherwise indicated. Most of the land utilization estimates are rough approximations, and most of the statistical data are rounded (thousands and millions). Figures for "arable" may reflect only the area actually under crops rather than the potential cultivable. Fishing limits are included only when they differ from the territorial limits. For some countries GDP, rather than GNP, is shown. The difference between the two is in the addition or subtraction of the value of return on foreign investment. GDP equals GNP plus income earned in the country but sent abroad, minus income earned abroad but sent into the country. GDP thus tends to exceed GNP in debtor countries, and the reverse is true in creditor countries. Major ports are the largest maritime ports of the country, relative to other ports of the some country, on the basis of estimated port capacity, alongside berthing accommodations, and commercial or naval importance. Minor ports are the remaining ports of a country which have, relative to the major ports, significantly lower estimated capacity, fewer alongside berthing accommodations, are of less commercial or naval importance. Major transport aircraft are those weighing over 20,000 pounds. Military budgets are in U.S. dollar equivalents. The dollar sign refers to U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated. The abbreviation FY stands for U.S. fiscal year; all years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated. Symbol When You Know Multiply by LENGTH Approximate Metric Conversions To Find Symbol Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol LENGTH mm millimeters 0.04 inches in cm centimeters 0.4 inches in m motors 3.3 feet ft m meters 1.1 yards yd km kilometers 0.6 miles mi cm' square centimeters 0.16 square inches in' m' square meters 1.2 square yards yd' km' square kilometers 0.4 square miles mil ha hectares (10,000 m') 2.5 acres MASS (weight) g gram 0.035 ounces on kg kilograms 2.2 pounds lb t tonnes (1000 kg) 1.1 short tons VOLUME ml milliliters 0.03 fluid ounces I liters 2.1 pints I liters 1.06 quarts I liters 0.26 gallons m' cubic meters 35 cubic feet m' cubic meters 1.3 cubic yards in inches 2.5 centimeters cm ft feet 30 centimeters cm yd yards 0.9 meters m mi miles 1.6 kilometers km in' square inches 6.5 square centimeters cm' ft' square feet 0.09 square meters m' yd' square yards 0.8 square meters m' mil square miles 2.6 square kilometers km' acres 0.4 hectares ha ox ounces 28' grams lb pounds 0.45 kilograms short tons 0.9 tonnes (2000 lb) fl on pt tsp teaspoons 5 milliliters ml qt Tbsp tablespoons 15 milliliters ml gal fl oz fluid ounces 30 milliliters ml ft' c cups 0.24 liters yd' pt pints 0.47 liters qt quarts 0.95 liters gal gallons 3.8 liters ft' cubic feet 0.03 cubic meters m' yd' cubic yards 0.76 cubic meters m' Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 AFGHANISTAN Government leaders: President of the Revolutionary Council, Secretary General of the PDPA, and Prime Minister Nor Mohammad Taraki; Deputy Prime Minister, Secretary of the Central Committee, and Minister of Foreign Affairs Ilafizullah Amin Suffrage: universal from age 18 Political parties and leaders: The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is the sole legal political party Communists: Parcham, a rival faction in the PDPA, is led by exiled former Deputy Prime Minister Babrak Karmal; the Sholaye-Jaweid is a much smaller pro-Peking group Other political or pressure groups: the military supports the government; tribal rebellion continues in the eastern provinces; possible religious opposition Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG LAND 647,500 km2; 22% arable (12% cultivated, 10% pasture), 75% desert, waste, or urban, 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,510 km PEOPLE Population: 14,541,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Afghan(s); adjective-Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pushtuns, 25% Tajiks, 9% Uzbeks, 9% Hazaras; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Kizelbashes, and others Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shia Muslim, 1% other Language: 50% Pushtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dart), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% thirty minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: under 10% Labor force: about 5.88 million (FY78 est.); 75%-80% agriculture and animal husbandry, 20%-25% commerce, small industry, services; massive shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Type: martial law Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 26 provinces with centrally ap- pointed governors Legal system: not established; legal education at Uni- versity of Kabul; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: leaders of the Communist People's Democratic Party (PDPA) clay-to-day policy decisions are made by the political bureau of the party's central committee ECONOMY GNP: $2.8 billion (FY78 est.), $130 per capita; real growth rate about 3.7% (1970-78) Agriculture: agriculture and animal husbandry account for over 50% of GNP and occupy nearly 85% of the labor force; main crops-wheat and other grains, cotton, fruits, nuts; largely self-sufficient; food shortages-wheat, sugar, tea Major industries: cottage industries, food processing, textiles, cement, coal mining Electric power: 360,000 kW capacity (1977); 585 million kWh produced (1977), 30 kWh per capita Exports: $340 million (f.o.b., FY78); fresh and dried fruits, natural gas, karakul skins, carpets, hides, wool and cotton Imports: $410 million (f.o.b., FY78); non-metallic miner- als, sugar, tires and tubes, textiles, tea, used clothing, tobacco, transportation, and wheat Major trade partners: exports-U.S.S.R., India, U.K., Pakistan, West Germany, Switzerland, U.S.; imports-Japan, U.S.S.R., India, West Germany, U.K., U.S. Budget: current expenditures $158 million, capital expenditures $163 million for FY76 Monetary conversion rate: 45 Afghanis=US$l (official, early June 1978) Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 0.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gage, government-owned spur of Soviet line Highways: 20,885 km total (1975); 2,460 km paved, 3,910 km gravel, 8,735 km improved earth, and 5,780 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; steamers use Amu Darya Ports: only minor river ports I Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 36 total, 35 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; television to be introduced by 1979; 35,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 4.1 million; 2.2 million fit for military service; about 162,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the U.S.S.R. Military budget: estimated expenditures for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, about $60.7 million; approximately 8.3% of central government budget ALBANIA LAND 28,749 km2; 19% arable, 24% forested, 14% other Land boundaries: 716 WATER Limits of territorial waters other agricultural, 43% Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) PEOPLE Population: 2,597,000 (January 1979), average growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Albanian(s); adjective-Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian, remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians January 1979 Religion: 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic; observances prohibited; Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state Language: Albanian, Greek Literacy: about 70%; no reliable current statistics avail- able, but probably greatly improved Labor force: 911,000 (1969); 60.5% agriculture, 17.9% industry, 21.6% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisions: 27 rethet (districts), including capital, 200 localities, 2,600 villages Legal system: based on constitution adopted in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which is not a true court; legal education at State University of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 November Branches: People's Assembly, Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Chairman of Council of Ministers, Mehmet Shehu; Chairman, Presidium of the People's Assembly, Haxhi Lleshi (Chief of State) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections theoretically held every 4 years; last elections 6 October 1974; 99.9% of electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver IJoxha Communists: 101,500 party members (November 1976) Member of: CEMA, IAEA, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with U.S.S.R. in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw Pact 13 September 1968 ECONOMY GNP: est. $748 million in 1970 (at 1970 prices), $300 per capita Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton; food shortages-wheat; caloric intake, 2,100 calories per day per capita (1961/62) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Electric power: 500,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.8 billion kWh produced (1977), 710 kWh per capita Exports: $746 million (1971-75 est.); 1964 trade-55% minerals, metals, fuels; 23% foodstuffs (including cigarettes); 17% agricultural materials (except foods); 5% consumer goods 2 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 ALBANIA/ALGERIA Imports: $1,238 million (1971-75 est.); 1964 trade-50% machinery, equipment, and spare parts; 16% minerals, metals, fuels, construction materials; 16% foodstuffs; 7% consumer goods; 7% fertilizers, other chemicals, rubber; 4% agricultural materials (except foodstuffs) Monetary conversion rate: 5 leks=US$1 (commercial); 12.5 leks=US$1 (noncommercial) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 277 km standard gage (1.435 m), single track, government-owned (1975) Highways: 4,989 km total; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1977) Freight carried: rail-2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); highways-39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971). Ports: 1 major (Durres), 3 minor (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; refined products, 65 km; natural gas, 64 km Civil air: no civil airline DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, 824 million leks; 10.7% of total budget Atlantic Ocean Wig W RNA.; Med(tenanea~ c,.,` WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,183 km PEOPLE Population: 17,944,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Algerian(s); adjective-Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian and Hebrew Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 25% (5% Arabic, 9% French, 11% both) Labor force: 4.0 million; 50% agriculture, 20% industry, 25% other (military, police, civil service, transportation workers, teachers, merchants, construction workers); at least 20% of urban labor unemployed Organized labor: 25% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 31 Wilayas (departments or provinces) Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitution adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into 4 chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran, and Constantine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 1 November Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislature reconvened in March 1977; judiciary Government leader: President Houari Boumediene died 27 December 1978; Acting President Rabah Bitat assumed duties for 45 days Suffrage: universal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential 10 December 1976; depart- mental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975; legislative elections held 25 February 1977 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN), Mohamed Salah Yahiaoui Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) LAND 2,460,500 km2; 3% cultivated, 16% pasture and meadows, 1% forested, 80% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 6,260 km Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Member of: AFDI3, AIOEC , Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $19.6 billion (1977), $1,100 per capita; in real terms, 8.8% growth in 1977 Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, grapes, citrus fruits Major industries: petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, and automotive plants under construction Electric power: 1,700,000 kW capacity (1977); 4.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 355 kWh per capita Exports: $5.8 billion (f.o.b., 1977 est.); 90% hydrocarbons, also wine, citrus fruit, iron ore, vegetables; U.S. took 56.2% of Algerian crude oil, supplanting France as Algeria's leading trade partner Imports: $6.9 billion (c.i.f., 1977); major items-capital goods 35%, semi-finished goods 38%, foodstuffs 25%; from France 23%, U.S. 9% Monetary conversion rate: 1 DA=US$0.24 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,950 km total; 2,690 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,140 km 1.055-meter gage, 120 km meter gage (1.000 m); 302 km electrified; 193 km double track Highways: 78,410 km total; 45,070 km concrete or bituminous, 33,340 km gravel, crushed stone, unimproved earth Ports: 9 major, 8 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 3,983 km; refined products, 298 km; natural gas, 2,398 km Civil air: 43 major transport aircraft Airfields: 183 total, 170 usable; 55 with permanent-sur- face runways; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 89 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and interna- tional service in the north, sparse in the south; Atlantic Ocean satellite station plus domestic satellite system with 14 stations; 266,000 telephones (1.5 per 100 popl.); 18 AM and 40 TV stations; 5 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,740,000; 2,233,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 192,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $385 million; 5.7% of national budget ANDORRA LAND 466 km2 Land boundaries: 105 km PEOPLE Population: 29,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1976) Nationality: noun-Andorran(s); adjective-Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 30% Andorrans, 61% Spanish, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic Language: Catalan, many also speak some French and Castilian Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds and farmers GOVERNMENT Legal name: Andorra; Valls d'Andorra (Catalan) Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Spanish Bishop of Sco de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called verguers Capital: Andorra Political subdivisions: 6 districts-Andorra la Vella, Saint Julia de Loria, Encamp, Carrillo, La Massana, and Ordino Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature (General Council) consisting of 24 members with one-half elected every 2 years for 4-year term; executive-syndic (manager) and a deputy sub-syndic chosen by General Council for 3-year terms; judiciary chosen by coprinces who appoint 2 civil judges, a judge of appeals, and 2 Batles (court prosecutors); final appeal to the Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan, France, or to the Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain 4 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Suffrage: males of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members; same right granted to women in April 1970 Elections: half of General Council chosen every 2 years, last election December 1977 Political parties and leaders: traditionally no political parties but only partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party-Andorran Democratic Associ- ation-formed in November 1976 Communists: negligible Member of: UNESCO ECONOMY Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) Major industries: tourism, sheep, timber, tobacco, and smuggling Shortages: food Electric power: 25,000 kW capacity (1977); 100 million kWh produced (1977), 3,448 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Major trade partners: Spain, France COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international circuits to Spain and France; 2 AM stations, 1 FM, 1 TV station; about 3,900 telephones (14.3 per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed LAND 1,245,790 km2; 1% cultivated, 44% forested, 22% meadows and pastures, 33% other (including fallow) Land boundaries: 5,070 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 20 nm Coastline: 1,600 km PEOPLE Population: Angola (including Cabinda), 6,527,000 (Janu- ary 1979), does not take into account emigration from Angola, average annual growth rate 2.4% (current); Cabinda, 105,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.3% (12-60 to 12-70) Nationality: noun-Angolan(s); adjective-Angolan Ethnic divisions: 93% African, 5% European, 1% mestizo Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant Language: Portuguese (official), many native dialects Literacy: 10-15% 1 Labor force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); 531,000 wage workers (1967) Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967) GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Angola Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in November 1975; constitution promulgated 1975; govern- ment formed after civil war which ended in early 1976 Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 17 administrative districts includ- ing the coastal exclave of Cabinda Legal system: formerly based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; being modified along "socialist" model National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: Agostinho Neto, President Suffrage: to be determined Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), led by Agostinho Neto, only legal party; National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), defeated in civil war, carrying out insurgencies Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 January 1979 Member of: G-77, ILO, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNICEF, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $2.8 billion (1977), $440 per capita, 6.1% real growth (1970-72); real GDP growth has declined by at least 15% since independence Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops-cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 153,580 metric tons (1975); exports $53.0 million; imports $5.6 million (1973) Major industries: mining (oil, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar processing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 525,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 210 kWh per capita Exports: est. $900 million (f.o.b., 1977); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton; exports down sharply 1975-77 Imports: est. $720 million (f.o.b., 1977); capital equip- ment (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975-77 Major trade partners: Cuba, U.S.S.R., Portugal, Eastern Europe, and U.S. Budget: (1975) balanced at about $740 million by former Portuguese administration; budget not yet published by new government Monetary conversion rate: 40.643 escudos=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,108 km total; 2,798 km 1.067-meter gage, 310 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 28,723 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,220 km navigable Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Mocamedes), 15 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 179 knm Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft Airfields: 563 total, 504 usable; 25 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 89 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair network of open-wire and radio-relay facilities; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 32,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 24 AM, 12 FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,574,000; 791,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually, 59,000 0DMIN..Atl REPU:BUC Atlantic LAND 280 km2; 54% arable, 5% pasture, 14% forested, 9% unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland and built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 153 km PEOPLE Population: 73,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.3% (7-70 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Antiguan(s); adjective-Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Church of England (predominant), other Protestant sects, and some Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 80% Organized labor: 18,000, 20% unemployment GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Antigua Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" Capital: St. Johns Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Bar- buda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction, consists of Chief Justice and 5 justices Branches: legislative, 21-member popularly elected House of Representatives; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet 6 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Government leaders: Premier Vere C. Bird, Sr.; Deputy Premier Lester Bird; Governor Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every 5 years; last general election 11 February 1976 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), George Herbert Walter; Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry Voting strength: 1976 election-House of Representative seats-ALP 10, PLM 5, independent 1, tie 1 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Afro-Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small black nationalist group led by Timothy Hector; Antigua Freedom Fighters (AFF), a small black radical group, leaders unknown Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $52 million (1977 est.), $720 per capita; 2.0% real growth Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industries: oil refining, tourism Shortages: electric power Electric power: 31,200 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 780 kWh per capita Exports: $22 million (f.o.b., 1975); petroleum products, cotton Imports: $54 million (c.i.f., 1975); crude oil, food, clothing Major trade partners: 30% U.K., 25% U.S., 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries (1975) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-76) from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $13.9 million; no military aid Budget: (current) revenues, $12 million; current expendi- tures, $15 million (1977/78) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dol- lars=US$1 (July 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April-30 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 78 km narrow gage (0.760 m), employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 380 km total; 240 km main, 140 km secondary Ports: 1 major (St. John's), 1 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased out Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with asphalt runway 2,745 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 3,500 telephones (4.9 per 100 pop].); tropospheric scatter links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable LAND 2,771,300 km2; 57% agricultural (11% crops, improved pasture and fallow, 46% natural grazing land), 25% forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 9,414 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continen- tal shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km PEOPLE Population: 26,658,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Argentine(s); adjective-Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 85% (90% in Buenos Aires) Labor force: 10 million; 19% agriculture, 25% manufac- turing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other; 4-5% estimated unemployment Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Argentine Republic Type: republic Capital: Buenos Aires 7 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and I territory Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted 1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution which takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict, further changes may be made by new government; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public ,nd private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: presidency; legislature; national judiciary Government leader: President, Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Jorge Rafael Videla, chosen by the three-man Junta that took power on 24 March 1976 Government structure: the Junta, composed of the chiefs of the three armed services, retains supreme authority; active duty or retired officers fill all but two cabinet posts and administer all provincial and many local governments; in addition, the military now oversee the nation's principal labor confederation and unions, as well as other civilian pressure groups; Congress has been disbanded and all political activity suspended; a nine-man Legislative Council, composed of senior officers, advises the junta on lawmaking Political parties: a number of civilian political groupings remain potentially influential, despite the suspension of all partisan activity; these include Justicialist Party (Peronist coalition that formerly governed) and the Radical Civic Union, center-left party providing the chief civilian opposition to the Peronists; the Moscow-oriented Communist Party remains legal, but extreme leftist splinter groups have been outlawed Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist-dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peron- 1st-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturer's association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowner's association), business organizations, students, and the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commis- sion, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, NAM, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $48 billion (1977), $1,840 per capita; 18% government consumption, 62% private consumption, 22% investment, -2% net foreign demand (1975); real GDP growth rate 1977, 4.4% Agriculture: main products-cereals, oilseeds, livestock products; Argentina is a major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 281,727 metric tons (1976); exports $42 million (1976 est.) Major industries: food processing (especially meatpack- ing), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude steel: 2.7 million metric tons produced (1977), 90 kg per capita Electric power: 9.16 million kW capacity (1.977); 27 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,040 kWh per capita Exports: $5.7 billion (f.o.b., 1977); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseeds Imports: $4.2 billion (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, fuel and lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products Major trade partners (1977): exports-10% Netherlands, 8% Brazil, 8% Italy, 7% U.S., 5% Japan; imports-19% U.S., 10% FRG, 9% Japan, 9% Brazil Aid: (FY70-76) economic-from U.S. $248 million; from other Western countries $797 million; from Communist countries $458 million; military-from U.S. $137 million Budget: (1978) 8,000 billion pesos=$9.4 billion at exchange rate of mid-September 1978 Monetary conversion rate: 850 pesos=US$1 (mid- September 1.978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 39,738 km total; 3,086 km standard gage (1.435 m), 22,788 km broad gage (1.676 m), 13,461 km meter gage (1.000 m), 403 km 0.750-meter gage Highways: 207,300 km total, of which 43,900 km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 104,000 km improved earth, 19,900 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable Ports: 7 major, 21 minor Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km refined products; 8,172 km natural gas Civil air: 39 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2,400 total, 2,127 usable; 92 with permanent- surface runways; 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 313 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: extensive modern system; tele- phone network has 2.54 million sets (9.8 per 100 popl.), radio relay widely used, 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas; 160 AM, 12 FM, and 64 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,535,000; 5,299,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 226,000 8 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $1,742.2 million; about 15% of total central government budget AUSTRALIA F - PAPUA NEW GUINEA L N ONESIA~ Canberra Tasman i Indian Ocean d LAND 7,692,300 km2; 6% arable, 58% pasture, 2% forested, 34% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm; prawn and crayfish on continental shelf) Coastline: about 25,760 km PEOPLE Population: 14,298,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Australian(s); adjective-Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, 1% Asian and aborigine Religion: 98% Christian Language: English Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 6 million; 14% agriculture, 32% industry, 37% services, 15% commerce, 2% other; 6% unemployment Organized labor: 44% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state Capital: Canberra Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territories (Austra- lian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpretation of the constitution; accepts compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: 26 January Branches: Parliament (House of Representatives and Senate); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Government leaders: Governor General Sir Zelman Cowen; Prime Minister John Malcolm Fraser Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held at 3-year intervals, or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election December 1977 Political parties and leaders: Government-Liberal Party (Malcolm Fraser) and National Country Party (Douglas Anthony); opposition-Labour Party (William J. Hayden) Voting strength (1977 Parliamentary election): lower house: Liberal-Country Coalition, 86 seats; Labour Party, 38 seats; Senate: Liberal Country Coalition, 35 seats; Labour, 26 seats; Democrats, 2 seats; Independents, 1 seat Communists: 3,900 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Labour Party (anti-Communist Labour Party splinter group) Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $95.2 billion (1977), $6,830 per capita; 60% private consumption, 16% government current expenditure, 24% investment (1975); 2% real average annual growth (1975-77) Agriculture: large areas devoted to livestock grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products- wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane; self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,300 calories per day per capita Fishing: catch 113,961 metric tons (1976); exports $94.5 million (FY75), imports $86.2 million (FY75) Major industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals Crude steel: 7.8 million metric tons produced (FY76), 570 kg per capita Electric power: 22,457,000 kW capacity (1977); 84.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 6,070 kWh per capita Exports: $13.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal products (1977)-44% agricultural products, 14% metalliferous ores, 13% wool, 12% coal Imports: $13.6 billion (c.i.f., 1977); principal products (1977)-41% manufactured raw materials, 28% capital equipment, 25% consumer goods Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Major trade partners: (1977) exports-34% Japan, 9% U.S., 5% New Zealand, 4% U.K.; imports-21% U.S., 11% U.K., 21% Japan Aid: economic-Australian aid abroad $2.3 billion (FY65-75); $430 million (FY75), 55% for Papua New Guinea Budget: expenditures, A$26.7 billion; receipts A$24.4 billion (FY78) Monetary conversion rate: 0.87 Australian dollar=US$1 (A$1=US$1.15), September 1978 Fiscal year: I July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 40,636 km total (1976); 9,197 km 1.60-meter gage, 13,394 km standard gage (1.435 m), 18,045 km 1.067-meter gage; 800 km electrified (June 1962); govern- ment-owned, (except for few hundred kilometers of privately owned track) Highways: 837,872 km total (1977); 207,650 km paved, 205,454 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 424,768 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow- draft craft Ports: 12 major, numerous minor Pipelines: crude oil, 740 kin; refined products, 340 km; natural gas, 6,947 km Civil air: around 150 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,618 total, 1,546 usable; 198 with permanent- surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 18 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 626 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: very good international and do- mestic service; 5.5 (39.5 per 100 pop].) million telephones; 204 AM stations, 5 FM stations, 112 TV stations and 66 repeaters; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,551,000; 3,142,000 fit for military service; 130,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1979, $2,925,000,000; about 8.7% of total central government budget LAND 83,916 km2; 20% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 2,582 km PEOPLE Population: 7,511,000 (January 1979), growth rate -0.0% (1-77 to 1-78) Nationality: noun-Austrian(s); adjective-Austrian Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other Language: German Literacy: 98% Labor force: 2,784,635 (1977); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communi- cations, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 2.4% registered unemployed; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number more than 200,000 (1972); unemployment 1.2% (September 1977) Organized labor: about two-thirds of wage and salary workers (1971) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Austria Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: 9 states (Laender) including the capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal educa- tion at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 26 October Branches: bicameral parliament, directly elected Presi- dent whose functions are largely representational, independ- ent federal judiciary Government leaders: President Rudolf Kirchschlaeger, Chancellor Bruno Kreisky leads a one-party Socialist government Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory for presiden- tial elections 10 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Elections: presidential, every 6 years (next 1980); parliamentary, every 4 years (next 1979) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPOe), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Josef Taus, Chairman; Liberal Party (FPOe), Alexander Gotz, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri, Chairman Voting strength (1975 election): 50.6% SPOc, 42.7% OeVP, 5.3% FPOe, 1.2% Communist Communists: membership 25,000 est.; activists 7,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party (OeVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrial- ists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Coun- cil, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $47.8 billion (1977), $6,360 per capita; 58.4% private consumption, 16.2% public consumption, 27.0% investment, 1.7% stock building; -3.3% net foreign balance; 1977 real GNP growth rate, 3.5% Agriculture: livestock, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp Crude steel: 4.1 million metric tons produced (1977), 550 kg per capita (1977) Electric power: 11,500,000 kW capacity (1977); 38.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 5,015 kWh per capita Exports: $11.0 billion (1977); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals Imports: $15.4 billion (1977); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, petroleum, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (1977) 35.9% West Germany, 8.9% Italy, 6.4% Switzerland, 3.9% U.K., 3.1% U.S.; 76.8% OECD, 59.0 EC; 11.4% Communist countries Aid: (1970-76) bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $364 million Budget: expenditures, $14.3 billion; revenues, $11.8 billion; deficit, $2.5 billion (1977 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 16.53 shillings=US$1, 1977 average Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,517 km total; 5.877 km government-owned; 5,397 km standard gage (1.435 m) of which 2,730 km electrified and 1,333 km double tracked; 480 km narrow gage (0.760 m) of which 91 km electrified; 640 km privately owned (1.435- and 1.000-meter gage) Highways: approximately 33,600 km total national classified network, including 10,400 km federal and 23,200 km provincial roads; about 20,800 km paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 12,800 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 60,800 km commu- nal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) Inland waterways: 427 km Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 51 total, 50 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 90 AM, 94 FM, and 350 TV stations; 1 Comsat station U/C; 2.28 million telephones (29.9 per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,766,000; 1,495,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 62,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $720 million; about 4.0% of the federal budget THE BAHAMAS LAND 11,396 km'; 1% cultivated, 29% forested, 70% built on, wasteland, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm)* Coastline: 3,542 km (New Providence Is. 76 km) PEOPLE Population: 229,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Bahamian (sing., pl.); adjective- Bahamian Ethnic divisions: 80% Negro, 10% white, 10% mixed Religion: Baptists 29%, Church of England 23%, Roman Catholic 23%, smaller groups of other Protestant, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 THE BAHAMAS Language: English Labor force: 84,228 (1976), 25% organized; 25% unem- ployment (1977) GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth since July 1973, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Legal system: based on English law National holiday: Independence Day, 10 July Branches: bicameral legislature (appointed Senate, elected House); executive (Prime Minister and cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Prime Minister Lynden O. Pindling; Acting Governor General Gerald C. Cash Suffrage: universal over age 18; registered voters (July 1977) 73,309 Elections: I-louse of Assembly (19 July 1977); next election due constitutionally in 5 years Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly black, Lynden O. Pindling; Bahamian Democratic Party (BDP), Henry Bostwick; Free National Movement (FNM), Cecil Wallace-Whitfield Voting strength (1977 election): PLP (55%) 30 seats, BDP (27%) 6 seats, FNM (15%) 2 seats, others (3%) 0 seats Communists: none known Member of: CDB, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, 1DB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, U.N., WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $758 million (at market prices, 1977), $3,510 per capita; real growth rate 1977, 3.5% Agriculture: food importer, main crops-fish, fruits, vegetables Major industries: tourism, cement, oil refining, lumber, salt production, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral weld, and steel pipe Electric power: 250,000 kW capacity (1977); 680 million kWh produced (1977), 3,150 kWh per capita Exports: $2.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); fuel oil, pharmaceuti- cals, cement, rum Imports: $2.1 billion (c.i.f., 1977); crude oil, foodstuffs, manufactured goods Major trade partners: non-oil exports-U.S. 41%, U.K. 12%, Canada 3%; non-oil imports-U.S. 73%, U.K. 13%, Canada 2% (1973) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (1970-76) from U.S. $34.3 million; from other Western countries, $136.6 million; no military aid Budget: (1978 projected), revenues, $186 million; expend- itures, $199 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahamian dollar (B$1)=US$l Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,350 km total; 1,350 km paved, 2,000 km gravel Ports: 2 major (Freeport, Nassau), 9 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 51 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 58,000 telephones (27.5 per 100 popl.) in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Florida; 3 AM, 2 FM stations and 1 TV station; 3 coaxial submarine cables BAHRAIN LAND 596 km2 plus group of 32 smaller islands; 5% cultivated, negligible forested area, remainder desert, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 289,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.5% (7-75 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Bahraini(s); adjective-Bahraini Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 7% Iranian, Pakistani, and Indian, 3% other; native Bahrainis are a minority Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic, English also widely spoken Literacy: about 40% (1970) Labor force: 78,507 (1976) 12 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 BAHRAIN/BANGLADESH Exports: $1,840 million (f.o.b., 1977); non-oil exports (including reexports), $396.8 million (1977); oil exports, $1,443 million (1977) Imports: $2,023 million (c.i.f., 1977) Major trade partners: Saudi Arabia, U.K., U.S., Japan, EC Aid: received $110 million in bilateral commitments and committed itself $8.5 million to multilateral agencies in CY74 Budget: (1976) $489 million, 72% of revenues from oil Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahrain dinar=US$2.52 (since January 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year Arabian Sea GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Bahrain Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Manama Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law; constitution went into effect December 1973 National holiday: 16 December Branches: Amir rules with help of a cabinet led by Prime Minister; a National Assembly, made up of cabinet and 30 directly elected members, was formed in early 1974; Amir dissolved assembly in August 1975 and suspended the constitutional provision for election of the assembly Government leader: Amir `Isa ibn Salman A] Khalifa Political parties and pressure groups: political parties prohibited; no significant pressure groups although numer- ous small clandestine groups are active Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IMF, NAM, OAPEC, U.N., UNESCO, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $600 million (1976 est.), annual growth rate 4.1% (1975-85 projected average), $2,430 per capita, dominated by oil industry; 1977 average daily crude oil production, 56,000 bbls (oil expected to last 15' years if no new discoveries are made); 1975 nonassociated natural gas production, 102 billion ft'; government oil revenues for 1976 are estimated at $395.7 million Agriculture: produces dates, alfalfa, vegetables; dairy and poultry farming; fishing; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum refining, aluminum smelt- ing, boatbuilding, shrimp fishing, pearls and sailmaking on a small scale; major development projects include flourmill, and ISA town; OAPEC dry dock to be built by 1977 Electric power: 600,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.4 billion kWh produced (1977), 8,450 kWh per capita COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 93 km bituminous surfaced; undetermined mileage of natural surface tracks Ports: 1 major (Bahrain) Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km; refined products, 16 km; natural gas, 32 km Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 1 with runway 1,220- 2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: excellent international telecom- munications; limited domestic services; 31,000 telephones (11.6 per 100 pop].); 1 AM station, 1 TV station, 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; tropospheric scatter and microwave to Qatar and United Arab Emirates DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 64,000; fit for military service, 37,000 Supply: mostly from U.K. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978; $42.8 million, 6% of total budget LAND 142,500 km2; 66% arable (including cultivated and fallow), 18% not available for cultivation, 16% forested Land boundaries: 2,535 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; fishing 200 nm Coastline: 580 km PEOPLE Population: 86,931,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Bangladeshi(s); adjective-Bangla- desh 13 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 BANGLADESH Ethnic divisions: predominantly Bengali; fewer than 1 million "Biharis" and fewer than 1 million tribals Religion: about 83% Muslim, 16% Hindu; less than 1% Buddhist and other Language: Bengali Literacy: about 25% Labor force: over 20 million; extensive export of labor to U.A.E., Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq, and Oman; over 75% of labor force is in agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Bangladesh Type: independent republic since December 1971; Gov- ernment of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman overthrown in August 1975; two other coups followed; country currently governed by an elected president who is also chief martial law administrator, and his council of civilian advisers Capital: Dacca Political subdivisions: 19 districts, 413 thanas (counties), 4,053 unions (village groupings) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more, authoritarian presidential system, changed by proclamation in April 1977 to reflect Islamic character of nation; President has promised a new constitution will be written following the parliamentary elections of February 1979 National holiday: Independence Day, 26 March Branches: constitution provides for unicameral legisla- ture, strong president; controlled judiciary; parliament dissolved by current regime Government leader: President, Maj. Gen. Ziaur Rahman Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: First Parliament (House of the Nation) elected in March 1973; elections every 5 years; President elected June 3, 1978; a separate parliamentary election is planned for 12 February 1979 Communists: 2,500 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: 18 political parties legalized by government as of October 1978, student groups, bands of former guerrillas Member of: ADB, Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organi- zation, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ILO, NAM, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $7.2 billion est. (FY78, current prices), $90 per capita; real growth, 8% (FY78) Agriculture: large subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are jute and rice; shortages-grain, cotton, and oilseeds Fishing: catch 821,000 metric tons (FY76) Major industries: jute manufactures, food processing and cotton textiles Electric power: 915,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.6-billion kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $498 million (FY78); raw and manufactured jute, leather, tea Imports: $1,274 million (FY78 est.); foodgrains, fuels, raw cotton, fertilizer, manufactured products Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 14%, U.K. 13%; imports-Japan 22%, U.S. 10% (FY77) Budget: (FY78 est.) domestic revenues, $823 million; expenditures, $1,578 million Monetary conversion rate: 14.787 taka=US$1 (July 1978) Fiscal year. 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,909 km total (1977); 1,910 km meter gage (1.000 m), 964 km broad gage (1.676 m), 35 km narrow gage (0.762 m), 300 km double track; government-owned Highways: 44,930 km total; 4,044 km paved, 2,022 km gravel,. 38,864 km earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; river steamers navigate main waterways Ports: 1 major; 5 minor Pipelines: 150 km natural gas Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 23 total, 16 usable; 18 with permanent surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate international radiocom- munications and landline service; fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 100,000 (est.) telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 8 AM, 1 FM, 3 TV stations, and 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 18,237,000; 10,498,000 fit for military service 14 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $145.0 million; about 8.8% of the central government budget LAND 430 km2; 60% cropped, 10% permanent meadows, 30% built on, waste, other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 97 km PEOPLE Population: 260,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.5% (1-76 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Barbadian(s); adjective-Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 17% mixed, 4% European Religion: Anglican (70%), Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Moravian Language: English Literacy: over 90% Labor force: 97,000 (1973 est.) wage and salary earners; unemployment 20-25% (1976) Organized labor: 32% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Barbados Type: independent sovereign state within the Common- wealth since November 1966, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Bridgetown Political subdivisions: 11 parishes and city of Bridgetown Legal system: English common law; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: legislature consisting of a 21-member ap- pointed Senate and a 24-member elected House of Assembly; cabinet headed by Prime Minister Government leader: Prime Minister J. M. G. "Tom" Adams; Governor General Sir Deighton H. L. Ward Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly members have' terms no longer than 5 years; last general election held 2 September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Barbados Labor Party (BLP), J. M. G. "Tom" Adams; Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow Voting strength (1976 election): Barbados Labor Party (BLP), 53%; Democratic Labor Party, 46%; Independent, negligible; House of Assembly seats-BLP 17, DLP 7 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: People's Progressive Movement (PPM), a small black-nationalist group led by Calvin Alleyne Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT,. IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $440 million (1977), $1,840 per capita; real growth rate 1977, 3.0% Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, subsistence foods Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, light manu- facturing Electric power: 107,000 kW capacity (1977); 220 million kWh produced (1977), 920 kWh per capita Exports: $95 million (f.o.b., 1977); sugar and sugarcane byproducts, clothing Imports: $274 million (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs, machinery, manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-34% U.S., 27% CARI- COM, 10% U.K., 29% other; imports-25% U.S., 19% U.K., 16% CARICOM, 7% Canada, 33% other (1977) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (1970-76) from U.S., $3.7 million; from other Western countries, $41.4 million; no military aid Budget: (1978/79) revenues, $129 million; expenditures, $191 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Barbados dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,450 km total; 1,350 km paved, and 100 km gravel, and earth Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Ports: 1 major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased in) Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 44,000 telephones (17.8 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; UHF/VHF links to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 58,000; 42,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) BELGIUM LAND 30,562 km2; 28% cultivated, 24% meadow and pasture, 28% waste, urban, or other; 20% forested Land boundaries: 1,377 km Literacy: 97% Labor force: 4.09 million (July 1978); in June 1976, 46.7% in services, 28.0% in mining and manufacturing, 7.4% in construction, 6.6% in transportation, 3.2% in agriculture, 1.0% commuting foreign workers, 0.4% in public works, 6.7% unemployed; 8.1% unemployed first quarter 1978, seasonally adjusted Organized labor:. 48% of labor force (1969) Legal Type: name: Kingdom of Belgium constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Political subdivisions: 9 provinces Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 4 law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 21 July Branches: executive branch consists of King and cabinet; cabinet responsible to bicameral parliament; independent judiciary; coalition governments are usual Government leader: Head of State, King Baudouin; Prime Minister Paul vanden Boeynants (interim until election of Constituent Assembly in January 1979) Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: held 17 April 1977 (held at least once every 4 years) Political parties and leaders: Social Christian, Charles Nothomb and Wilfred Martens, co-presidents; Socialist, Andre Cools and Karl Van Miert, co-presidents; Liberal, Pierre Dechamps, national president; Brussels Liberal, Basile Risopoulos, party president; Francophone Democratic Front, Antoinette Spaak, party president; Walloon Rally, Paul- Henri Gendebien, party president; Volksunie (Flemish nationalist), Hugo Schiltz, party president; Communist, Louis Van Gent, president of political bureau Voting strength (1977 election): 80 seats Social Christian, 62 seats Socialist, 31 seats Liberal, 20 seats Volksunie, 10 Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 seats Francophone Democratic Front, 5 seats Walloon Rally, nm) 2 seats Brussels Liberal, 2 seats Communist Coastline: 64 km Communists: 10,000 members (est.) PEOPLE Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist A I l growth rate 0.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Belgian(s); adjective-Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Flemings, 33% Walloons, mixed or other Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% none or other Language: French, Flemish (Dutch), German, in small area of eastern Belgium; divided along ethnic lines n ustr-es; gium Population: 9,842,000 (January 1979), average annual Trade Unions; the Federation or Be numerous other associations representing bankers, manufac- turers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; two major organizations represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia Member of: ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead 16 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $79 billion (1977), $8,040 per capita; 61.9% consumption, 21.1% investment, 17.4% government, 0.3% stock building, - 0.7% net foreign balance; 2.0% real growth rate in 1977 Agriculture: livestock production predominates; main crops-grains, beets, potatoes; 80% self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 44,410 metric tons (1976); exports $37 million (1975), imports $178 million (1975) Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, and petroleum Crude steel: 11.3 million metric tons produced; 1,150 kg per capita (1977) Electric power: 11,100,000 kW capacity (1977); 47.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,791 kWh per capita Exports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $37.5 billion (f.o.b., 1977); iron and steel products, finished or semifinished precious stones, textile products Imports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $40.3 billion (c.i.f., 1977); nonelectrical machinery, motor vehicles, textiles, chemicals, fuels Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, 1977) 69.3% EC (22.3% West Germany, 17.5% France, 16.8% Netherlands, 7.3% U.K., 4.2% Italy), 5.1% U.S. Aid: (1970-76) bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $1,580 million Budget: (1977) revenues, $21.9 billion; expenditures, $24.0 billion; deficit, $2.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: (1977 average) Belgian Franc 35.841 = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,394 km total; 4,117 km standard gage (1.435 m) and government-owned, 2,536 km double track, 1,224 km electrified; 277 km privately owned, electrified meter gage (1.000 m) Highways: 104,612 km total; 1,051 km paved, limited access, divided autoroute; 51,780 km other paved; 51,781 km unpaved Inland waterways: 2,043 km, of which 1,528 km are in regular use by commercial transport Ports: 5 major, 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 1,115 km; crude, 161 km; natural gas, 3,218 km Civil air: 55 major transport aircraft Airfields: 46 total, 45 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and interna- tional telephone and telegraph facilities; 2.95 million telephones (30.0 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 21 FM, and 25 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,369,000; 1,999,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 78,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $2.3 billion; about 7% of proposed central government budget BELIZE (formerly British Honduras) LAND 22,973 km2; 38% agricultural (5% cultivated), 46% exploitable forest, 16% urban, waste, water, offshore islands or other Land boundaries: 515 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 386 km PEOPLE Population: 154,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Belizean(s); adjective-Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% Negro, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerin- dian, 8% other Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 BELIZE/BENIN Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Men- nonite Language: English, Spanish, Maya, and Carib Literacy: 70%-80% Labor force: 34,500; 39% agriculture, 14% manufactur- ing, 8% commerce, 12% construction and transport, 20% services, 7% other; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel; over 15% are unemployed Organized labor: 8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Belize Type: internal self-governing British colony Capital: Belmopan Legal system: English law; constitution came into force in 1964, although country remains a British' colony Branches: 18-member elected National Assembly and 8-member Senate (either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its elected member- ship); cabinet; judiciary Government leaders: Premier George C. Price; Governor Peter Donovan McEntee Suffrage: universal adult (probably 21) Elections: must be held within 5 years of last elections held in October 1974 Political parties and leaders: People's United Party (PUP), George Price; United Democratic Party (UDP), a coalition comprised of the National Independence Party (NIP) led by Philip Goldson, the People's Democratic Union (PDM) led by Dean Lindo, and the Liberal Party (LP) led by Harry Lawrence; Corozal United Front (CUF), San- tiago Ricalde; United Black Association for Development (UBAD), Evan X. Hyde Voting strength (National Assembly): PUP 12 seats, UDP 6 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Christian Workers' Union (CWU) which is connected with PUP Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $96 million (1975), $700 per capita; 78% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 36% domestic investment, -31% net foreign balance (1968) Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, citrus fruits, corn, molasses, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products; net importer of food; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day per capita Major industries: timber and forest products, food processing, furniture, rum, soap Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1977); 32 million kWh produced (1977), 230 kWh per capita Exports: $73 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar, molasses, clothing, lumber, citrus fruits, fish Imports: $86 million (c.i.f., 1975); vehicles, building materials, petroleum, food, textiles, machinery Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 30%, U.K. 24%, Mexico 22%, Canada 13%; imports-U.S. 34%, U.K. 25%, Jamaica 7% (1970) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-76), from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $56.5 million; from U.S., $2.5 million; no military aid Monetary conversion rate: 2 Belize dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,550 km total; 300 km paved, 1,150 km gravel, 950 km improved earth and 300 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 800 km river network used by shallow-draft craft Ports: 1 major (Belize), 4 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 36 total, 37 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 5,600 telephones in automatic and manual network (4.3 per 100 popl.); radio-relay system; 6 AM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 34,000; 20,000 fit for military service; 1,700 reach military age (18) annually BENIN (formerly Dahomey) LAND 115,773 km2; southern third of country is most fertile; arable land 80% (actually cultivated 11%), forests and game preserves 19%, non-arable 1% Land boundaries: 1,963 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (100 nm mineral exploitation limit) Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 3,333,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Beninese (sing. & p1.); adjective- Beninese Ethnic divisions: 99% Africans (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), 5,500 Europeans 18 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Religion: 12% Muslim, 8% Christian, 80% animist Language: French official; Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south, at least 6 major tribal languages in north Literacy: about 20% Labor force: 85% of labor force engaged in agriculture; 15% civil service, artisans, and industry Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major and several minor unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Benin Type: party state, under military rule since 26 October 1972 Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally obtained in France; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: National Revolutionary Council, Council of Ministers, Central Committee of Party Government leader: Col. Mathieu Kerekou, President, and Chief of State Charged with National Defense Suffrage: suspended Elections: current government has held no elections and .none are scheduled Political parties: People's. Revolutionary Party of Benin established in 1975 Communists: sole party espouses Marxism-Leninism Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS; Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $660 million (1977 est.), $200 per capita; 1.5% real growth during 1970-1977 Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and tobacco also produced commercially; main food crops-corn, cassava, yams, rice, sorghum and millet; livestock, fish Fishing: catch 25,504 metric tons (1976); exports 600 metric tons, imports 8,875 metric tons (1975) Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1977); 55 million kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $106 million (f.o.b., 1977); palm products (34%); other agricultural products Imports: $264 million (c.i.f., 1977); clothing and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, fuels, foodstuffs, machin- ery, and transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferen- tial tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Budget: 1977 est.-receipts $110 million, expenditures $109 million Monetary conversion rate: 245.67 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 579 km, all meter gage (1.00 M) Highways: 3,303 km total; 705 km paved, 2,598 km improved earth Inland waterways: 645 km navigable Ports: 1 major (Cotonou), 1 minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 10 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system of open wire and radio relay; 9,900 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 735,000; 370,000 fit for military service; about 34,000 males and 35,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes liable for military service Supply: dependent on France and Guinea; aid from North Korea and PRC is pending Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $10.9 million; about 9.7% of central government budget LAND 54.4 km2; 8% arable, 60% forested, 21% built on, wasteland, and other, 11% leased for air and naval bases 19 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 January 1979 Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) Atlantic Ocean BERMUDA WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 103 km PEOPLE Population: 60,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.2% (7-70 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Bermudian(s); adjective-Bermudian Ethnic divisions: approximately 59% black, 41% white Religion: 47.5% Church of England, 38.2% other Protes- tant, 10.2% Catholic, 4.1% other Language: English Literacy: virtually 100% Labor force: 25,200 (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Bermuda Type: British colony Capital: Hamilton Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) appointed by governor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an appointed Legislative Council, and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly; Supreme Court Government leaders: Governor, Sir Peter Ramsbotham; Premier, J. David Gibbons Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: at least once every 5 years; last general election, May 1976 Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), J. David Gibbons; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Lois Browne Evans Voting strength (1976 elections): UBP 55.5%, PLP 44.4%; House of Assembly seats-UBP 26%, PLP 14% Communists: negligible ECONOMY GNP: $430 million (1976 est.), $7,540 per capita; real growth rate 1976, est. 2.0% Agriculture: main products-bananas, vegetables, Easter lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance Electric power: 86,200 kW capacity (1977); 300 million kWh produced (1977), 5,170 kWh per capita Exports: $47 million (f.o.b., 1976); mostly reexports of drugs and bunker fuel Imports: $165 million (f.o.b., 1976); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery Major trade partners: 45% U.S., 22% U.K., 9% Canada (1976) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-76), from U.S. $34 million; from other Western countries $109 million; no military aid Budget: revenues, $87 million; expenditures $89 million; expenditures $89 million (proposed 1978/79) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dollar=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 190 km, all paved Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George Freeport, Ireland Island) Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with asphalt runway 2,945 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern telecom system, includes fully automatic telephone system with 38,600 sets (66.6 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables LAND 46,600 km2; 15% agricultural, 15% desert, waste, urban, 70% forested Land boundaries: about 870 km PEOPLE Population: 1,282,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Bhutanese (sing., pl.); adjective- Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhotias, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes 20 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Buddhist- influenced Hinduism Language: Bhotias speak various Tibetan dialects, most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha, the official language, Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: insignificant Labor force: 300,000; 99% agriculture, 1% industry; massive lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further divided into 15-18 subdivisions Legal system: based on Indian lave and English common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power-no constitution existed beforehand; a Supreme Court hears appeals from district administrators; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 17 December Branches: appointed Minister and indirectly elected Assembly consisting of village elders, monastic representa- tives, and all district and senior government administrators Government leader: King Jigme Singye Wangchuk Suffrage: each family has one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every 3 years Political parties: all parties illegal Communists: no overt Communist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy Member of: Colombo Plan, G-77, NAM, UPU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $90 million (1976); $70 per capita Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles) Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1977); 8 million kWh produced (1977), 6 kWh per capita Exports: about $1 million annually; rice, dolomite, and handicrafts Imports: about $1.4 million annually Major trading partner: India Aid: economic-India (FY61-72), $180 million Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 8.77 ngultrums=8.77 Indian rupees=US$1 as of October 1975 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traffic Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 1 asphalt runway 1,372 m, and 1 with concrete runway 899 m Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 1,000 tele- phones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 6,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 299,000; 159,000 fit for military service; about 14,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent on India BOLIVIA LAND 1,098,160 km2; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture and meadow, 45% urban, desert, waste, or other, 40% forest, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 6,083 km PEOPLE Population: 5,149,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Bolivian(s); adjective-Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% mestizo, 5%-15% white Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; active Protes- tant minority, especially Methodist Language: Spanish, Aymara, Quechua Literacy: 35%-40% Labor force: 2.8 million (1977); 70% agriculture, 3% mining, 10% services and utilities, 7% manufacturing, 10% other Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concentrated in min- ing, industry, construction, and transportation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Bolivia Type: republic; de facto military dictatorship government Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Political subdivisions: 9 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August Branches: executive; congress of two chambers (Senate and Chamber of Deputies), congress disbanded after 26 September 1969 ouster of President Siles; judiciary Government leaders: President David PADILLA Arancibia Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: presidential and congressional elections held on 9 July 1978, Bolivia's first elections in 12 years were subsequently declared invalid by the Banzer government following widespread reports of fraudulent balloting; on 21 July General Pereda, the official candidate, took power in a bloodless coup; (Pereda has since been deposed by Padilla); elections are now tentatively set for early 1979 Political parties and leaders: ban on political parties was lifted in December 1977, but party activity is disorganized so far; the two traditional political parties in Bolivia are the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR) and the Boliv- ian Socialist Phalange (FSB), both are seriously factionalized; Bolivian Socialist Falange; (Mario Gutierrez); Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People (Jaime Arellano); Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of Left (Hernan Siles Zuazo); Authentic Revolutionary Party (Walter Guevara Arce); Christian Democratic Party (Benjamin Miguel); Nationalist Revolutionary Party of Left (Juan Lachin Oquendo); Paz Estenssorista MNR (Leonidas Sanchez) Voting strength (1966 elections): Frente de la Revolucion Boliviana (a coalition composed of the MPC, PIR, PRA, PSD, and two interest groups, the campesinos and Chaco War Veterans) 61%, FSB 12%, MNR 10%, other 17% Communists: three parties; PCB/Soviet led by Jorge Kolle Cueto, about 300 members; PCB/Chinese led by Oscar Zamora, 150 (including 100 in exile); POR (Trotskyist), about 50 members divided between three factions led by Hugo Gonzalez Moscoso, Guillermo Lora Escobar, and Amadeo Arze Member of: FAO, G-77, IAEA, IADB, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $3.5 billion (1977, in 1977 dollars), $730 per capita; 69% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 20% gross domestic investment, -6% net foreign balance (1976); real growth rate (1972-76), average 6.4%; 1976 growth, 6.0% Agriculture: main crops-potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, yucca, bananas; imports significant quantities of wheat; caloric intake, 70% of requirements (1976) Major industries: mining, smelting, petroleum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing . Electric power: 367,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 230 kWh per capita Exports: $640 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); tin, petroleum, lead, zinc, silver, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton, natural gas Imports: $670 million (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs, chemicals, capital goods, pharmaceuticals, transportation Major trade partners: exports-Western Europe, 19% (of which UK is largest market); Latin America, 38%; U.S., 30%; Japan, 3.9%; imports-U.S., 24%; Western Europe, 15.4% (of which West Germany is largest supplier); Japan, 15.7%; Latin America, 33.6% (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $335 million in loans, $342 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $372 million; from other Western countries (1960-75), $53.8 million; Communist countries (1970-74), $59.7 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY52-76), $70 million Budget: $474 million revenues, $583 million expenditures (1978) 22 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Monetary conversion rate: 20 pesos=US$l Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,572 km total, goverment owned, single track; 3,540 km meter gage (1.000 in), 32 km 0.760-meter gage; in addition, 96 km meter gage (1.000 m) privately owned Highways: 37,300 km total; 1,150 km paved, 6,550 km gravel, 5,950 km improved earth, 23,650 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways Pipelines: crude oil, 1,670 km; refined products, 1,495 km; natural gas, 580 km Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and' Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Civil air: 48 major transport aircraft Airfields: 576 total, 535 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 in, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 128 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: radio-relay system from La Paz to Santa Cruz; improved international services; 55,000 tele- phones (1.2 per 100 popl.); 122 AM, 18 FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,142,000; 723,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 60,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $90.2 million; about 13.2% of central government budget BOLIVIA /BOTSWANA N fS Nh MAMBIQUE Indian \4 AFRICA Ocean Atlantic Ocean LAND 569,800 km2; about 6% arable, less than 1% under cultivation, mostly desert PEOPLE Population: 760,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Botswana (sing.), Batswana (pl.); adjective-Botswana Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen, 1% Euro- pean Religion: 85% animist, 15% Christian Language: Africans speak Tswana vernacular Literacy: about 22% in English; about 32% in Tswana; less than 1% secondary school graduates Labor force: 385,000; most are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture; about 51,000 in internal cash economy, another 60,000 spend at least 6 to 9 months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1971) Organized labor: eight trade unions organized with a total membership of approximately 9,000 (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Botswana Type: parliamentary republic; independent member of Commonwealth since 1966 Capital: Gaborone Political subdivisions: 12 administrative districts Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland (21/2 years) and University of Edinburgh (2 years); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 September Branches: executive-President appoints and presides over the cabinet which is responsible to Legislative Assembly; legislative-Legislative Assembly with 32 popu- larly elected members and 4 members elected by the 32 representatives, House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only; judicial-local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: President, Sir Seretse M. Khama Suffrage: universal, age 21 and over Elections: general elections held 26 October 1974 Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Seretse Khama; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth Koma; Bechuanaland People's Party (BPP), Philip Matante; Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho Voting strength: (October 1974 election) BDP (27 seats); BPP (2 seats); BNF (2 seats); BIP (1 seat) Communists: no known Communist organization; Koma of BNF has long history of Communist contacts 23 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 BOTSWANA/BRAZIL Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UPU, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $300 million (1975 est.), growth in constant prices, less than 5% in 1977 Agriculture: principal crops are corn and sorghum; livestock raised and exported Major industries: livestock processing, mining of dia- monds, copper, nickel, and coal Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1977); 85 million kWh produced (1977), 120 kWh per capita Exports: $176 million (1976); cattle, animal products, minerals Imports: $209 million (1976); foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles, petroleum products Major trade partners: South Africa and U.K. Budget: (1977) revenue $107 million ($78 million from domestic taxes and $29 million from borrowing and foreign aid), current expenditures $70 million, investment expendi- tures $44 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 pula=about US$1.20 as of October 1977 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 726 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 10,476 km total; 579 km paved; 1,453 km crushed stone or gravel; 5,407 km improved earth and 3,037 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: native craft only; of local importance Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 83 total, 65 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is a minimal combina- tion of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and a few radiocommunication stations; Gaborone is the center; 7,900 telephones (1.2 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 142,000; 74,000 fit for military service; 9,000 reach military age (18) annually LAND 8,521,100 km2; 4% cultivated, 13% pasture, 23% built-on area, waste, and other, 60% forested Land boundaries: 13,076 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 7,491 km PEOPLE Population: 122,602,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Brazilian(s); adjective-Brazilian Ethnic divisions: 60% white, 30% mixed, 8% Negro, and 2% Indian (1960 est.) Religion: 93% Roman Catholic (nominal) Language: Portuguese Literacy: 83% of the population 15 years or older (1978) Labor force: about 30 million in 1970 (est.); 44.2% agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing, 17.8% industry, 15.3% services, transportation, and communication, 8.9% commerce, 4.8% social activities, 3.9% public administration, 5.1 % other Organized labor: about 50% of labor force; only about 1.5 million pay dues GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federative Republic of Brazil Type: federal republic; military-backed presidential re- Legal system: based on Latin codes; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1967 and extensively gime since April 1964 Capital: Brasilia Political subdivisions: district (Brasilia) amended in 1969; has jurisdiction not accepted compulsory ICJ Branches: strong bicameral legislature Day, 7 September executive with very broad powers; (powers of the two bodies have been Supreme Court 24 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Government leader: President Ernesto Geisel Suffrage: compulsory over age 18, except illiterates and those stripped of their political rights; approximately 30 million registered voters in October 1970 Elections: President Geisel's successor, Joao Baptista de Oliveira Figuerido, was chosen by an electoral college, composed of the members of Congress and delegates selected from the state legislatures on 15 October 1978; to take office 15 March 1979 Voting strength: (November 1974 congressional elections) 33.6% ARENA, 31.9% MDB, 35.5% blank and void Political parties and leaders: National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), pro-government Francelino Pereira, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), opposition, Ulisses Guimaraes, president Communists: 6,000, 1,000 militants Other political or pressure groups: excepting the military, the Catholic Church is the only active nationwide pressure group, however, divisions within the Church often prevent it from speaking with one voice; labor and student groups have become more vocal in recent months Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $163 billion (est. 1977 in 1977 prices), $1,450 per capita; 25% gross investment, 80% consumption, -5% net foreign balance (1976); real growth rate 4.78% (1977) Agriculture: main products-coffee, rice, beef, corn, milk, sugarcane, soybeans; nearly self-sufficient; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1962) Fishing: catch 950,000 metric tons (1976 est.); exports, $53.8 million (f.o.b., 1976); imports, $60.8 million (f.o.b., 1976) Major industries: textiles and other consumer goods, chemicals, cement, lumber, steel, motor vehicles, other metalworking industries Crude steel: 12.0 million metric tons capacity (1977 est.); 11.2 million metric tons produced (1977); 100 kg per capita Electric power: 24,500,000 kW capacity (1977); 85 billion kWh produced (1977), 760 kWh per capita Exports: $12,141 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee, manufac- tures, iron ore, cotton, soybeans, sugar, wood, cocoa, beef, shoes Imports: $13,257 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, chemi- cals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, wheat, copper, aluminum Major trade partners: exports-17.7% U.S., 8.8% West Germany, 7.7% Netherlands, 5.6% Japan, 5.6% Italy, 4% Spain; imports (non-oil)-20% U.S., 8.6% West Germany, 7% Japan, 2.5% Italy, (1977) Aid: economic-bilateral, including Ex-Im (FY70-76), from U.S., $1,670.6 million; from other Western countries, $3,069.4 million; from Communist countries, $303.5 million; military-from U.S. (FY70-76), $214.1 million Budget: (1977) revenues $17.2 billion, expenditures $17.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 18.69 cruzeiros=US$1 (Au- gust 1978, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 30,300 km total; 26,543 km meter gage (1.000 m), 3,361 km 1.60-meter gage, 194 km standard gage (1.435 m), 202 km 0.76-meter gage; 2,249 km electrified Highways: 1,510,900 km total; 75,900 km paved, 1,435,000 km gravel or earth Inland waterways: 50,000 km navigable Ports: 8 major, 23 significant minor Pipelines: crude oil, 2,000 km; refined products, 465 km; natural gas, 257 km Civil air: 118 major transport aircraft Airfields: 4,298 total, 3,908 usable; 162 with permanent- surface runways; 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 412 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 18 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fair telecom system; good radio relay facilities; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station with 2 antennas; 3 domestic satellite stations; 3.99 million tele- phones (3.5 per 100 popl.); 1,100 AM stations, 150 FM, and 175 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 26,643,000; 17,338,000 fit for military service; 1,220,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $2,150 million; 8.6% of central government budget LAND 5,776 km'; 3% cultivated; 22% industry, waste, urban or other; 75% forested Land boundaries: 381 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 190,000 official estimate for 1 July 1977 Nationality: noun-Bruneian(s); adjective-Bruneian Ethnic divisions: 52% Malays, 28% Chinese, 15% indigenous tribes, 5% other Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Religion: 60% Muslim (Islam official religion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist and animist) Language: Malay and English official, Chinese Literacy: 45% Labor force: 32,155; 30.5% agriculture; 32.8% industry, manufacturing, and construction; 33.8% trade, transport, services; 2.9% other Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Brunei Type: British protectorate; constitutional sultanate Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution promul- gated by the Sultan in , 1959 Branches: Chief of State is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council) who appoints Executive Council and Legislative Council Government leader: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah .Suffrage: universal age 21 and over; 3-tiered system of indirect elections; popular vote cast for lowest level (district councilors) Elections: last elections-March 1965; further elections postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: antigovernment, exiled Brunei People's Party, Chairman A. M. N. Azahari Communists: information not available ECONOMY GNP: $460 million (1975 est.), $2,970 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rubber, rice, pepper, must import most food Major industry: crude petroleum, liquefied natural gas Electric power: 84,000 kW capacity (1977); 230 million kWh produced (1977), 1,300 kWh per capita Exports: $1,000 million (f.o.b., 1975); 95% crude petro- leum and liquefied natural. gas Imports: $200 million (c.i.f., 1975); 25% machinery and transport equipment, 46% manufactured goods, 16% food Major trade partners: exports of crude petroleum and liquefied natural gas to Japan; imports from Japan 30%, U.S. 24%, U.K. 15%, Singapore 9% Budget: (1976) revenues $640 million, expenditures $250 million, surplus $390 million; 20% defense Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 Brunei dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 9.6 km narrow gage (0.610 m) Highways: 1,206 km total; 376 km paved (bituminous treated), 402 km gravel or stone, 428 km unimproved Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters Ports: 2 minor (Bandar Seri Begawan, formerly Brunei, and Kuala Belait) Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 56 km; natural gas, 56 km; crude oil and natural gas, 241 km under construction Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service throughout country is ade- quate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast coverage good; 11,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); Radio Brunei broadcasts from 6 AM stations and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 41,000; 24,000 fit for military service; about 1,900 reach military age (18) annually LAND 111,852 km2; 41% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: WATER Limits of Coastline: arable, 11% other agricultural, 33% territorial 354 km PEOPLE Population: 8,871,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Bulgarian(s); adjective-Bulgarian 26 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Ethnic divisions: 85.3% Bulgarians, 8.5% Turks, 2.6% Gypsies, 2.5% Macedonians, 0.3% Armenians, 0.2% Russians, 0.6% other Religion: regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Gregorian- Armenian and other Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely corre- spond to ethnic breakdown Literacy: 95% (est.) Labor force: 5.0 million (1974); 32% agriculture, 33% industry, 35% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Bulgaria Type: Communist state Capital: Sofia Political subdivisions: 28 okrugs (districts), including capital city of Sofia Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; legal education at University of Sofia; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Liberation l?ay, 9 September Branches: legislative, National Assembly; judiciary, Su- preme Court Government leaders: Todor Zhivkov, Chairman, State Council (President and Chief of State); Stanko Todorov, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: theoretically held every 5 years for National Assembly; last elections held on 20 May 1976; 99.85% of the electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov, First Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Petur Tanchev, secretary of Permanent Board Communists: 817,000 party members (January 1978) .Mass organizations and front groups: Fatherland Front, Dimitrov Communist Youth League, Central Council of Trade Unions, National Committee for Defense of Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Capitalism, Commit- tee of Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian-Soviet Friendship Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, Interna- tional Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; Warsaw Pact, International Organization of Journalists, International Medical Associ- ation, International Radio and Television Organization ECONOMY GNP: $20.9 billion, 1977 (at 1976 dollars), $2,360 per capita; 1977 real growth rate, 0.4% Agriculture: mainly self-sufficient; main crops-grain, vegetables; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1969/70) Fishing: catch 160,000 metric tons (1976) Major industries: agricultural processing, machinery, textiles and clothing, mining, ore processing, timber Shortages: some raw materials, metal products, meat and dairy products; fodder Crude steel: 2.6 million metric tons produced (1977), 290 kg per capita Electric power: 7,300,000 kW capacity (1977); 29.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 3,350 kWh per capita Exports: $6,288 million (f.o.b., 1977); 46% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 15% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, and other industrial material; 2% agricultural raw materials; 29% foodstuffs, raw materials for food industry, and animals; 10% industrial consumer goods (1977) Imports: $6,198 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); 39% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 45% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, other materials; 7% agricul- tural raw materials; 4% foodstuffs and animals; 5% industrial consumer goods (1977) Major trade partners: $12,486 million in 1977; 20% with non-Communist countries, 56% with U.S.S.R., 24% with other Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 0.948 leva=US$1 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June NOTE: Foreign trade figures were converted at the 1977 rate of 0.911 leva=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,314 km total; about 4,069 km standard gage Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01 000010001 -5 January 1979 (1.435 m), 245 km narrow gage; 299 km double track; 1,446 km electrified; government-owned (1976) Highways: 31,454 km total; 6,683 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 6,088 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 18,683 km earth (1976) Inland waterways: 471 km (1978) Freight carried: rail-75.2 million metric tons, 17.1 billion metric ton/km (1977); highway-319 million metric tons, 6.7 billion metric ton/km (1977); waterway-4.6 million metric tons, 2.5 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) (1977); approximately 214 waterway craft with 227,000 metric ton capacity (1976) Ports: 3 major (Varna, Varna West,. Burgas), 4 minor (1977); principal river ports are Ruse and Lom (1978) LAND 678,600 km?; 28% arable, of which 12% is cultivated, 62% forest, 10% urban and other (1969) Land boundaries: 5,850 km Rangoon Bay of Bengal South China Sea WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 3,060 km PEOPLE Population: 33,123,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Burman(s); adjective-Burmese Ethnic divisions: 72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% Chinese, 3% Indian, 6% other Religion: 85% Buddhist, 15% animist and other Language: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages Literacy: 70% (official claim) Labor force: 12.2 million (1976); 67% agriculture, 9% industry, 20% services, commerce, and transportation Organized labor: no figure available; old labor organiza- tions have been disbanded, and government is forming one central labor organization GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Type: republic under 1974 constitution Capital: Rangoon Political subdivisions: seven divisions and seven constitu- ent states; subdivided into townships, villages, and wards Legal system: People's justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 constitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 4 January Branches: State Council rules through a Council of Ministers; People's Assembly has legislative power Government leader: Chairman of State Council and President, Gen. U. Ne Win Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: People's Assembly and local People's Councils elected in 1978 Political parties and leaders: government-sponsored Burma Socialist Program Party only legal party Communists: estimated 5,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: People's Patriotic Party; Kachin Independence Army; Karen Nationalist Union, several Shan factions Member of: ADS, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3.7 billion (FY77, in current prices), $120 per capita; real growth rate 6% (FY77); 2.5% over past decade Agriculture: accounts for nearly 70% of total employment and about 27% of GDP; main crops-paddy, sugarcane, corn, peanuts; almost 100% self-sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land Fishing: catch 501,560 metric tons (1976) Major industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining Electric power: 450,000 kW capacity (1977); 890 million kWh produced (1977), 30 kWh per capita Exports: $208 million (f.o.b., 1977); rice, teak Imports: $299 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery and transportation equipment, textiles, other manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-Singapore, Western Eu- rope, China, U.K., Japan; imports-Japan, Western Europe, Singapore, U.K. 28 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 BURMA/BURUNDI Budget: (FY78) $2.765 billion revenues; $2.975 billion expenditures; $210 million deficit; 30% military, 70% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 6.8608 kyat=US$1 (market rate July 1978) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,285 km total; 3,172 km meter gage (1.00 m), 113 km narrow-gage industrial lines; 328 km double track; government-owned Highways: 27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth, gravel, 6,100 krn unimproved earth Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels Ports: 4 major, 6 minor Civil air: about 20 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 78 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 39 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: provide minimum requirements for local and intercity service; international service is poor; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas; 31,400 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations; one ground satellite station U/C DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: eligible 15-49, 7,309,000; 3,899,000 fit for military service; about 336,000 males and 330,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both are liable for military service Military budget: (announced) for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978; $148.9 million, 5% of central government budget BURUNDI LAND 28,490 km2; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated), 23% pasture, 10% scrub and forest, 30% other Land boundaries: 974 km PEOPLE Population: 4,263,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Burundian(s); adjective-Burundian Ethnic divisions: Africans-85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pigmy); other Africans include perhaps 50,000 Zairians and 40,000 Rwandans; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 1,000 South Asians Religion: about 60% Christian (53% Catholic, 7% Protestant); rest mostly animist plus perhaps 2% Muslims Language: Kirundi and French official plus Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) Literacy: about 15% in Kirundi, 3% in French, no serviceable estimate for Kiswahili Labor force: about 2 million (1976 est.) Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); figures denoting "active membership" have been unobtainable GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Burundi Type: republic; military government military coup, November Capital: Bujumbura Political subdivisions: 8 provinces, subdivided into 18 arrondissements and 78 communes; Bujumbura city (popula- tion est. 160,000) has status equal to a province Legal system: based on and customary law; has German and French civil codes not accepted compulsory jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July Branches: Supreme Revolutionary Council is governing body Government leader: Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, Chairman of Supreme Revolutionary Council, established November 1976 Elections: last legislative election May 1965; legislature dissolved in 1966 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a Tutsi led party, declared sole legitimate party in 1966 Communists: no Communist party; resumed diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in October 1971 following a six-year suspension; U.S.S.R., North Korea, and Romania also have diplomatic missions in Burundi Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 BURUNDI/CAMEROON Member of: AFDB, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: about $450 million (1976), $120 per capita; 2% real growth (1970-74); real GDP growth in 1976, 7.8% Agriculture: major cash crops-coffee, cotton, tea; main food crops-manioc, yams, corn, sorghums, bananas, haricot beans; marginally self-sufficient Industries; light consumer goods such as beverages, blankets, shoes, soap, assembly of imports Electric power: 7,500 kW capacity (diesel generator 1977); 25 million kWh produced (1977), 6 kWh per capita Exports: $94.6 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee (90%), tea, cotton, hides, skins Imports: $74.2 million (c.i.f., 1977); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products Major trade partners: U.S., EEC countries Budget: FY77-revenue $47 million, current expenditure $48 million Monetary conversion rate: 90 Burundi francs=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 7,800 km total; 300 km bituminous, 2,500 km crushed stone, gravel, or laterite, and 3,000 km improved earth, and 2,000 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika navigable for lake steamers and barges, 1 minor lake port Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 12 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: sparse system of wire and low- capacity radio-relax links; telegraph primary means of communication; about 6,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 907,000; 469,000 fit for military service; 45,000 reach military age (16) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $21,278,000; about 17.4% of central government budget LAND 475,400 km2; 4% cultivated, 18% grazing, 13% fallow, 50% forest, 15% other Land boundaries: 4,554 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 18 nm Coastline: 402 km PEOPLE Population: 8,088,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Cameroonian(s); adjective-Came- roonian Ethnic divisions: about 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31% Cameroon Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 8% Northwestern Bantu, 10% Fulani, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 11% Kirdi, 13% other African, less than 1% non-African Religion: about one-half animist, one-third Christian; rest Muslim Language: English and French official, 24 major African language groups Literacy: South 40%, North 10% Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and herding; 200,000 wage earners (maximum) including 22,000 government employees, 63,000 paid agricultural workers, 49,000 in manufacturing Organized labor: under 45% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Republic of Cameroon Type: unitary republic; one-party presidential regime Capital: Yaounde Political subdivisions: 7 provinces divided into 39 departments Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; new unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review in Supreme Court, when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President of the Republic; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction 30 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24 CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 National holiday: National Day, 20 May Branches: executive (President), legislative (National Assembly), and judicial (Supreme Court) Government leader: President Ahmadou Ahidjo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: presidential elections held 5 April 1975; parliamentary elections held 28 May 1978 Political parties and leaders: single party, Cameroonian National Union (UNC), President Ahmadou Ahidjo Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Cameroon Peoples Union (UPC), an illegal terrorist group now reduced to scattered acts of banditry with its factional leaders in exile Member of: AFBD, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $2,500 million (mid 1977), per capita about $380; real growth rate, 3.2% (1970-77) Agriculture: commercial and food crops-cocoa, coffee, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice Fishing: imports 7,024 metric tons, $2.2 million; exports 909 metric tons (largely shrimp), $3.5 million (1975) Major industries: small aluminum plant, food processing and light consumer goods industries, sawmills Electric power: 358,000 kW capacity (1977); 1,347 million kWh produced (1977), 200 kWh per capita Exports: $615 million (f.o.b., FY77); cocoa and coffee about 60%; other exports include timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, and tea Imports: $658 million (f.o.b., FY77); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food and beverages Major trade partners: about 70% of total trade with France and other EC countries; about 5% of total trade with U.S. Budget: FY78 budget est, balanced at $560 million Monetary conversion rate: 245.67 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,003 km total; 858 km meter gage (1.00 m), 145 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: approximately 29,866 km total; including 2,155 km bituminous, 27,711 km gravel and earth Inland waterways: 2,090 km Ports: 1 major (Douala), 3 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 63 total, 60 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: fair telephone service; fair to good telegraph service; 26,000 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 1 submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,494,000; 751,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 69,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $62,534,667; 8.5% of central government budget LAND 9,971,500 km,; 4% cultivated, 2% meadows and pastures, 44% forested, 42% waste or urban, 8% inland water Land boundaries: 9,010 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 90,908 km PEOPLE Population: 23,712,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.1% (1-77 to 1-78) Nationality: noun-Canadian(s); adjective-Canadian Ethnic divisions: 44% British Isles origin, 30% French origin, 26% other Religion: 48% Protestant,. 47% Catholic, 5% other Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Language: English and French official Labor force: 11.1 million; 29% service, 22% manufactur- ing, 16% trade, 8% transportation and utilities, 6% agricul- ture, 6% construction, 8% other; 8.5% unemployment (September 1978) Organized labor: 30% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Canada Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign Capital: Ottawa Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 2 territories Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution is British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: Dominion Day, 1 July Branches: federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament consisting of Queen represented by Governor- General, Senate, and Commons; judges appointed by Governor-General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal Government leaders: Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau; Governor General Jules Leger Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legal limit of 5 years but in practice usually held within 4 years, last election July 1974 Political parties and leaders: Liberal, Pierre Trudeau; Progressive-Conservatives, Joe Clark; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent; Social Credit, Lorne Reznowski Voting strength (1974 election (numbers in parens indicate current party strengths in Parliament)): Liberal 43% (136 seats), Progressive Conservative 35% (97 seats), New Democratic Party 16% (17 seats), Social Credit 5% (9 seats), other 1%, Independents hold 5 seats; Parliament enlarged from 264 seats to 282 seats but new seats will not be filled until next general election expected in 1979 Communists: 2,000 approx. Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commomwealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, ICO, ICRC, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $195.3 billion (1977, in 1977 prices), $8,330 per capita (1977); 59.6% consumption, 22.3% investment, 18.1% government (1977); growth rate 4.8% (1970-77, real terms) Agriculture: main products-livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products; food shortages-fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1966-67) Fishing: catch 800,809 million metric tons; exports 383,602 metric tons (1977) Major industries: mining, metals, food products, wood and paper products; transportation equipment, chemicals Shortages: rubber, rolled steel, fruits, precision instruments Crude steel: 13.6 million metric tons produced (1977) Electric power: 73,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 316,500 million kWh produced (1977), 13,347 kWh per capita Exports: $43,373 million (f.o.b., 1977, source: I.F.S.); principal items-transportation equipment, wood and wood products including paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter Imports: $42,052 million (c.i.f., 1977, source: I.F.S.); principal items-transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables Major trade partners: 70% U.S., 10% EC, 5% Japan (1977) Aid: economic-(received U.S., $380.9 million Ex-Im Bank); Canada commitments to LDCs (1970-76), bilateral ODA and OOF commitments, $6.5 billion Budget: total revenues $33,781 million; current expendi- tures $39,930 million; gross capital formation $6,833 million; budget deficit $6,149 million (1977) (National Accounts Basis) Monetary conversion rate: there is no designated par value for the Canadian dollar, which was allowed to float freely on the exchanges beginning 1 June 1970; since then the Canadian dollar has moved between US$0.86-1.04 in value, 1C$=US$0.9403 (official rate) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 71,503 km total; 70,141 km standard gage (1.435 m) (43 km electrified); 1,183 km 1.067-meter gage (in Newfoundland); 179 km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 829,325 km total; 640,850 km surfaced (189,800 km paved), 188,475 km earth Inland waterways: 3,000 km Pipelines: oil, 23,564 km total crude and refined; natural gas, 74,980 km Ports: 19 major, 300 minor Civil air: 551 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,801 total, 1,452 usable; 298 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,659 m, 29 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 285 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 58 seaplane stations 32 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 January 1979 Telecommunications: excellent service provided by mod- ern telecom media; 13.8 million telephones (60.4 per 100 popl.); countrywide AM,.FM, and TV coverage including 630 AM, 80 FM, and 500 TV stations; 8 coaxial submarine cables; 3 major COMSAT stations and 70 domestic COMSAT stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,201,000; 5,332,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (17) annually 235,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $3.47 billion; about 8.3% of proposed central government budget 61 B Praia Atlantic Ocean BIDNEA aissau v LAND 4,040 kma, divided among 10 islands and several islets WATER Limits of territorial waters: 100 nm Coastline: 965 km PEOPLE Population: 318,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.9% (12-70 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Capeverdean(s); adjective-Capever- dian Ethnic divisions: about 28% African; 70% mulatto; 2% European Religion: Catholicism, fused with local superstitions Language: Portuguese and crioula, a blend of Portuguese and West African words Literacy: 14% Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cape Verde National holiday: 12 September Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in July 1975 Capital: Praia Political subdivisions: 10 islands Legal system: to be determined National holiday: 12 September Branches: National Assembly 56 members; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: President, Aristides Pereira; Prime Minister, Pedro Pires; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Abilio Duarte Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: to be determined Political parties and leaders: only legal party, Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristides Pereira, Secretary-General Communists: a few Communists, some sympathizers Member of: G-77, NAM, OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GDP: $50 million (1975 est.); $170 per capita income Agriculture: main crops-corn, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch, 4,400 metric tons (1976 est.); largely undeveloped but provides major source of export earnings Major industries: salt mining Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity (1977); 7 million kWh produced (1977); 20 kWh per capita Exports: $2.5 million (f.o.b., 1975); fish, bananas, salt Imports: $31 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, textiles Major trade partners: Portugal, U.K., Japan, African neighbors Budget: (est. 1976) $30 million expenditures, $15 million revenues Monetary conversion rate: 40.643 escudos=US$1 (November 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Ports: 1 major (Mindelo), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 4 permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: interisland radio-relay system, HF radio to mainland Portugal, about 1,600 telephones (0.3 per 100 pop].); 1 FM and 5 AM stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables 33 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 CAPE VERDE/CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 77,000; 43,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year including 31 December 1978, $3 million; about 5% of central government budget CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE LAND 626,780 km2; 10%-15% cultivated, 5% dense forests, 80%-85% grazing, fallow, vacant arable land, urban, waste Land boundaries: 4,981 km PEOPLE Population: 1,934,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Central African(s); adjective-Cen- tral African Ethnic divisions: approximately 80 ethnic groups, the majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic characteristics; Banda (32%) and Baya-Mandjia (297o) are largest single groups; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 6,000 are French and majority of the rest Portuguese Religion: 40% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 24% animist, 8% Muslim; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority Language: French official; Sangho, lingua franca and national language Literacy: estimated at 5%-10% Labor force: about half the population economically active, 80% of whom are in agriculture; approximately 64,000 salaried workers Organized labor: 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Central African Empire Type: constitutional monarchy, founded on a single party Capital: Bangui Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures, 47 subprefectures Legal system: based on French law; in 1966 the Chief of State assumed all power and abrogated the constitution; in 1976 he promulgated a new constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 4 December Branches: Emperor Bokassa is Chief of State and rules by decree; government is headed by a Prime Minister assisted by the Council of Ministers; judiciary, Supreme Court, court of appeals, criminal court, and numerous lower courts; constitution calls for a National Assembly Government leader: Emperor Bokassa I Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: none have been held yet under Bokassa regime; provided for in new constitution Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN), ruling party under former regime, continues as a key body for organizing support for the regime led by Emperor Bokassa Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $394 million (1976), $220 per capita Agriculture: commercial-cotton, coffee, peanuts, ses- ame, wood; main food crops-manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, potatoes, beef; requires wheat, flour, rice, beef, and sugar imports Major industries: sawmills, cotton textile mills, brewery, diamond mining and splitting Electric power: 44,000 kW capacity (1977); 106 million kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Exports: $80 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); cotton, coffee, diamonds, timber Imports: $100 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); textiles, petrole- um products, machinery and electrical equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals Major trade partners: France, Yugoslavia, Japan, U.S. Budget: 1978 proposed budget receipts and grants $78 million, expenditures $80 million Monetary conversion rate: 245.67 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 21,950 km total; 290 km bituminous, 7,500 km 34 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 gravel and/or crushed stone, 14,160 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 7,080 km; traditional trade carried on by means of dugouts on the extensive system of rivers and streams; the Oubangui River between Bangui and Brazza- ville is navigable for about 8 months a year, and short sections of the Sangha and the Lobaye Rivers are navigable throughout year; during high-water period (July-December) Oubangui navigable upstream from Bangui as far as Ouango Ports: Bangui, Ouango (river ports) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 46 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities are meager; network is composed of low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunica- tion stations and radio-relay links; 5,540 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station Nationality: noun-Chadian(s); adjective-Chadian Ethnic divisions: over 240 tribes representing 12 major ethnic groups-Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Fulani, Kotoko, Hausa, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, and Wadai) in the north and center and non-Muslims (Sara, Mayo-Kebbi, and Chari) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, 5,000 of them French Religion: about half Muslim, 5% Christian, remainder animist Language: French official; Chadian Arabic is lingua franca in north, Sara and Sangho in south Literacy: estimated 5%-10% Labor force: only 55% of population in economically active group, of which 90% are engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing; 47,000 wage earners in industry and civil service Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 427,000; 222,000 fit for military service Supply: mainly dependent on France, but has received equipment from Israel, Italy, U.S.S.R., and FRG Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $7.5 million (current budget only); about 10.6% of central government current budget LAND 1,284,640 km2; 17% arable, 35% pastureland, 2% forest and scrub, 46% other uses and waste Land boundaries: 5,987 km PEOPLE Population: 4,472,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chad Type: republic; New Government of National Union formed August 1978 Capital: N'Djamena Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; constitution adopted 1962; constitu- tion suspended and national assembly dissolved April 1975; judicial review of legislative acts in theory a power of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ juris- diction National holiday: 13 April Branches: Presidency; Council of Ministers; Prime Minis- ter; Committee of Defense and Security; and Council of National Union Government leader: President General Felix Malloum; Prime Minister Hissein Habre Suffrage: universal Elections: all political activity banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no front organizations or underground party; probably a few Communists and some sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: armed Muslim rebel bands have been opposing the government since October 1965 in east-central, and since August 1969 in northern Chad; rebels currently control the northern half of the country; as a result of reconciliation negotiations with rebel groups, some were integrated into the central government to form the New Government of National Union Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EEC (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, ICAC, ICAO, IBRD, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Lake 35 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 CHAD/CHILE Chad Basin Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $296 million (1977), $70 per capita; estimated real annual growth rate 2.0% Agriculture: commercial-cotton, gum arabic, livestock, fish; food crops-peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, sweet potatoes, yams, cassava, dates; imports food Fishing: catch 115,000 metric tons (1976 est.) Major industries: agricultural and livestock processing plants (cotton textile mill, slaughterhouses, brewery), natron Electric power: 22,000 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $61 million (f.o.b., 1976); cotton 80%, livestock and animal products Imports: $114 million (c.i.f., 1976); cement, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery, textiles, and motor vehicles Major trade partners: France (about 40% in 1973) and UDEAC countries; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Budget: (1977) $73 million Monetary conversion rate: 245.67 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 27,505 km total; 242 km bituminous, 4,385 km gravel and laterite, and remainder unimproved Coastline: 6,435 km Inland waterways: approximately 2,090 km of year- round navigability, increased to 4,830 km during high-water period Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 67 total, 62 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of radiocommunication stations only for intercity links; principal center N'Djamena, secondary center Sarh; 5,480 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 1 Intelsat Comsat station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 999,000; 518,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 41,000 Supply: dependent on France primarily Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December PEOPLE Population: 10,770,000 (January 1979), growth rate 1.5% (current) 1977, $22.2 million; about 33% of total budget LAND 756,626 km'; 2% cultivated, 7% other arable, 15% permanent pasture, grazing, 29% forest, 47% barren mountains, deserts, and cities Land boundaries: 6,325 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Nationality: noun-Chilean(s); adjective-Chilean Ethnic divisions: 95% European stock and mixed European with some Indian admixture, 3% Indian, 2% other Religion: 89% Roman Catholic, 11% Protestant Language: Spanish Literacy: 90% (1977) Labor force: 3.7 million economically active (1977); 30% agricultural, 29% industry and construction, 7% services, 10% commerce, 7% mining, 9% transportation, 8% other (1977) Organized labor: 25% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic Type: republic Capital: Santiago of labor force (1973) Political subdivisions: 12 regions plus one metropolitan district, 41 provincial subdivisions. 36 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 January 1979 Legal system: based on Code 185-7 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; constitution adopted 1925, amended since then, currently being revised; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Chile, Catholic University, and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 18 September Branches: four-man Military-Police Junta, which exer- cises constituent and legislative powers and has delegated executive powers to President of Junta; the President has announced a plan for transition from military to civilian rule by 1985; Congress dissolved; civilian judiciary remains Government leader: President, Gen. Augusto PINO- CHET Ugarte; other Junta members, Adm. Jose Toribio MERINO Castro, Brig. Gen. Fernando MATTHEI Aubel, Gen. Cesar MENDOZA Duran Suffrage: none Elections: prohibited by decree; all electoral registers were destroyed in 1974 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Andres Zaldivar and Eduardo Frei; National Party (PN), Sergio Onofre Jarpa; PDC and (PN) are officially banned; Popular Unity coalition parties (outlawed)- Communist Party (PCCh), Luis Corvalan (in exile); Socialist Party (PS), Clodomiro Almeyda and Carlos Altamirano (both in exile); Radical Party (PR); Christian Left (IC); United Popular Action Movement (MAPU); Independent Popular Action (API) Voting strength (1970 presidential election): 36.6% Popular Unity coalition, 35.3% conservative independent, 28.1% Christian Democrat; (1973 Congressional election) 44% Popular Unity coalition, 56% Democratic Confeder- ation (PDC and PN) Communists: 248,000 when PCCh was legal in 1973; active militants now estimated at about 20,000 Other political or pressure groups: organized labor; business organizations; landowners' associations (SNA- Sociedad Nacional de Agricultural); Catholic church; ex- treme leftist, Movement of Revolutionary Left (MIR), outlawed; rightist, Patria y Libertad (PyL), outlawed Member of: CIPEC, ECOSOC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $10.3 billion (1977), $970 per capita; 76.0% private consumption, 15.8% government consumption; 9.2% gross investment, - 1:0% net imports and factor payments abroad; real growth rate, 1977, 8.6%; 1972-77 average annual increase, negligible Agriculture: main crops-wheat, other cereals, potatoes, corn, sugar beet, fruits; about 85% self-sufficient; 2,650 calories per day per capita (1971 est.) Fishing: catch 1.5 million metric tons (1977); exports $94 million (1977) Major industries: copper, nitrates, foodstuffs, fish proc- essing, transportation equipment, iron and steel, pulp and paper Crude steel: 0.7 million metric tons capacity (1967); 450,000 metric tons produced (1976), 42 kg per capita Electric power: 2,775,000 kW capacity (1977); 9.73 billion kWh produced (1977), 910 kWh per capita Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1977); copper, iron ore, paper products, foodstuffs Imports: $2.3 billion (c.i.f., 1977); petroleum, capital' goods, consumer products Major trade partners: exports-30% EC, 28% LAFTA, 14% U.S., 13% Japan; imports-34% LAFTA, 21% U.S., 15% EC, 11% Japan Aid: economic-bilateral ODA and OOF (1970-76), U.S. $381 million; Western (non-U.S.) countries, $384.8 million; Communist countries, $386.2 million; military-U.S. (1970- 76), $50.4 million Budget: $2.5 billion revenues, $2.8 billion expenditures (1977) Monetary conversion rate: 33.05 pesos=US$1 (Septem- ber 1978), changes daily Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,361 km total; 3,111 km 1.676-meter gage, 135 km standard gage (1.435 m), 3,115 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 75,200 km total; 9,000 km paved, 38,200 km gravel, 28,000 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 725 km Pipelines: crude oil, 755 km; refined products, 785 km; natural gas, 320 km Ports: 10 major, 20 minor Civil air: 33 major transport aircraft Airfields: 355 total 346 usable; 46 with permanent- surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 52 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern telephone system based on extensive radio relay facilities; 473,000 telephones (4.5 per 100 pop1.); 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 180 AM, 30 FM, and 56 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,717,000; 2,048,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 116,000 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 37 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, US$732.6 million; about 26% of central government budget LAND 9,6 million km'; 11% cultivated, sown area extended by multicropping, 78% desert, waste, or urban (32% of this area consists largely of denuded wasteland, plains, rolling hills, and basins from which about 3% could be reclaimed), 8% forested; 2%-3% inland water Land boundaries: 24,000 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 rim Coastline: 14,500 km PEOPLE Population: 1,014,074,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl.); adjective- Chinese Ethnic divisions: 94% Han Chinese; 6% Chuang, Uighur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Pu-I, Korean, and numerous lesser nationalities Religion: most people, even before 1949, have been pragmatic and eclectic, not seriously religious; most impor- tant elements of religion are Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, ancestor worship; about 2%-3% Muslim, 1% Christian Language: Chinese (Mandarin mainly; also Cantonese, Wu, Fukienese, Amoy, Hsiang, Kan, Hakka dialects), and minority languages (see ethnic divisions above) Literacy: at least 25% Labor force: 335 million (mid-1966); 85% agriculture, 15% other; shortage of skilled labor (managerial, technical, mechanics, etc.); surplus of unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of China Type: Communist state; real authority lies with Commu- nist party's political bureau; the National People's Congress, in theory the highest organ of government, in reality merely rubber stamps the party's programs; the State Council is the actual governing organism Capital: Beijing (Peking) Political subdivisions: 21 provinces, 3 centrally governed municipalities, and 5 autonomous regions Legal system: before 1966, a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal; little ostensible development of uniform code of administrative and civil law; highest judicial organ is Supreme People's Court although legal activity centered in parallel network of Public Security organs; laws and legal procedure clearly subordinated to priorities of party policy; whole system largely suspended during Cultural Revolution, but has been revived National holiday: National Day, 1 October Branches: prior to 1966 control was exercised by Chinese Communist Party, through State Council, which supervised more than 50 ministries, commissions, bureaus, etc., all technically under the standing committee of the National People's Congress; this system broke down under "Cultural Revolution" pressures but has been reconsolidated and streamlined to 37 ministries Government leader: Premier of State Council, Hua Guofeng (Kuo-feng); government subordinate to central committee of CCP, under Chairman Hua Guofeng Suffrage: universal over age 18, though this is academic Elections: no meaningful elections Political parties and leaders: Chinese Communist Party (CCP), headed by Hua Guofeng; Hua is Chairman of Central Committee; a new central committee was formed at the 11th Party Congress held in August 1977 Voting strength: 100% Communist for practical purposes; no political nonconformity permitted Communists: about 35 million party members in 1977 Other political or pressure groups: army (PLA) remains a major force, although many soldiers who acquired a wide range of civil political-administrative duties during the Cultural Revolution have been removed; many veteran civilian officials, in eclipse since the Cultural Revolution, have been reinstated; mass organizations, such as the trade unions and the youth league, have been rebuilt Member of: FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Red Cross, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, other international bodies 38 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 ECONOMY GNP: $373 billion (1977), $390 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, wheat, miscellaneous grains, cotton; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1977); agriculture mainly subsistence; grain imports 6.9 million metric tons in 1977 Major industries: iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles, petroleum Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, highly skilled scientists and technicians Crude steel: 24 million metric tons produced, 25 kg per capita (1977) Electric power: 42,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 150 billion kWh produced (1977), 155 kWh per capita Exports: $8.1 billion (f.o.b., 1977); agricultural products, oil, minerals and metals, manufactured goods Imports: $7.2 billion (c.i.f., 1977); grain, chemical fertilizer, steel, industrial raw materials, machinery and equipment Major trade partners: Japan, Hong Kong, West Germany, Australia, Romania, Canada, East Germany, U.S., U.S.S.R., Singapore (1977) Monetary conversion rate: as of 30 June 1978, about 1.72 yuan=US$1 (arbitrarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: networks total about 45,000 route km com- mon-carrier lines; about 600 km meter gage (1.00 m); rest standard gage (1.435 m); all single track except 9,000 km double track on standard gage lines; approximately 1,025 km electrified; about 9,700 km industrial lines (gages range from 0.59 to 1.435 m) Highways: about 835,000 km all types roads; almost half (about 300,000 km) unimproved natural earth roads and tracks; about 215,000 km improved earth roads about 2- to 5-meters wide and in poor to fair condition; remainder (about 260,000 km) includes majority of principal roads Ports: 10 major, 180 minor Airfields: 379 total; 9 with runways 3,500 m and over; 45 with runways 2,500 to 3,499 m; 187 with runways 1,200 to 2,499 m; 124 with runways less than 1,200 m; 2 seaplane stations; 12 airfields under construction, of these, 249 have permanent surface runways Telecommunications: urban and industrial areas served by reasonably adequate facilities for domestic and interna- tional communication needs; facilities, being expanded; effective broadcast coverage is provided by radio, extensive wired-broadcast networks, and an expanding TV network; estimated 5 million telephones, 45 million radio receivers, 140 million wired-speakers and est. 500,000 TV receivers; 250 AM, 7 FM, and 120 TV transmitter and rebroadcast stations; 3 standard international communications satellite ground stations; coaxial cable links Canton to Hong Kong; submarine cable links Shanghai to Japan; additional subma- rine cables planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 233,823,000, about 130,711,000 fit for military service; about 9,635,000 reach military age (18) annually Taipei 7TAIiWAN East China Sea South China Sea PHILIPPINES !I `~ ~Ry. LAND 32,260 km' (Taiwan and Pescadores); 24% cultivated, 6% pasture, 55% forested. 15% other (urban, industrial, de- nuded, water area) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 990 km Taiwan, 459 km offshore islands PEOPLE Population: 17,124,000, excluding the population of Quemoy and Matsu Islands and foreigners (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.8% (1-77 to 1-78) Nationality: noun-People of Taiwan; adjective-Taiwan Ethnic divisions: 84% Taiwanese, 14% mainland Chinese, 2% aborigines Religion: 93% mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism; 4.5% Christian; 2.5% other Language: Chinese Mandarin (official language), also Taiwanese and Hakka dialect Literacy: about 90% Labor force: 6.12 million (1978); 26.2% primary industry (agriculture), 39% secondary industry (including manufac- turing, mining, construction), 34.8% tertiary industry (in- cluding commerce and services) 1977; 2% unemployment (1976) Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Organized labor: about 12% of 1972 labor force (government controlled) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Taiwan Type: one-party presidential regime Capital: Taipei Political subdivisions: 16 counties, 4 cities, 1 special municipality (Taipei) Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1947, amended 1960 to permit Chiang Kai-shek to be reelected, and amended 1972 to permit President to restructure certain government organs; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: 5 independent branches (executive, legislative, judicial, plus traditional Chinese functions of examination and control), dominated by executive branch; President and Vice President elected by National Assembly Government leaders: President Chiang Ching-kuo; Pre- mier Sun Yun-hsuan Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: national level-legislative yuan every 3 years but no general election held since 1948 election on mainland (partial elections for Taiwan province representatives December 1969, December 1972, and December 1975); local level-provincial assembly, county and municipal executives every 4 years; county and municipal assemblies every 4 years Political parties and leaders: Kuomintang, or National Party, led by Chairman Chiang Ching-kuo, had no real opposition; lately a loosely organized anti-Kuomintang opposition has emerged; 2 insignificant parties are Demo- cratic Socialist Party, Young China Party Voting strength (1972 provincial assembly election): 58 seats Kuomintang, 13 seats independents Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: expelled from U.N. General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971 and withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs; attempting to retain membership in international financial institutions; ICAC, ISO, IWC-International Wheat Council ECONOMY GNP: $19.5 billion (1977, in 1977 prices); $1,170 per capita; real growth, 8.3% (1970-76 average) Agriculture: most arable land intensely farmed-60% cultivated land under irrigation; main crops-rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, citrus fruits; food shortages-wheat, corn, soybeans Fishing: catch 854,784 metric tons (1977) Major industries: textiles, clothing, chemicals, plywood, electronics, sugar milling, food processing, cement, ship building Electric power: 7,100,000 kW capacity (1977); 30 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,780 kWh per capita Exports: $9,361 million (f.o.b., 1977); 25% textiles, 15.9% electrical machinery, 7.5% plywood and wood products, 7% machinery and metal products, 7.5% plastics, 5% sugar Imports: $8,511 million (c.i.f., 1977); 18% machinery, 9% electrical machinery, 9% basic metals, 10% crude oil, 10% chemical products Major trade partners: exports-38.8% U.S., 11.9% Japan; imports-31% Japan, 23% U.S. (1977) Aid: economic-U.S. (FY46-76), $2.2 billion committed; IBRD (1964-75), $311 million committed; Japan (1965-74), $247 million committed; ADB (1968-75), $93 million committed; military-U.S. (FY46-76), $4.3 billion com- mitted Central government budget: $3.5 billion (FY78) Monetary conversion rate: NT$38 (New Taiwan)=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: about 1,000 km common-carrier and 3,500 km industrial lines, all on Taiwan; common-carrier lines consist of West System: 825 km meter gage (1.00 m) with 325 km double track, complete line under construction for electrifi- cation; East Line: 175 km narrow gage (0.762 m) (presently under construction to convert to meter gage compatible with 'West System); common-carrier lines owned by government and operated by Railway Administration (TRA) under Ministry of Communications; industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises Highways: network totals 16,900 km (construction of North-South Freeway approximately 84%-250 km-com- plete), plus 483 km on Penghu and offshore islands; 7,564 km paved, 6,276 'km gravel and crushed stone, 2,736 km earth Pipelines: 615 km refined products, 97 km natural gas Ports: 5 major, 5 minor Airfields: 39 total, 37 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m, 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,248,000; 3,426,000 fit for military service; about 199,000 currently reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $1,814.7 million including personnel costs; about 52.5% of central government budget COLOMBIA LAND 1,139,600 km'; settled area 28% consisting of cropland and 40 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 fallow 5%, pastures 14%, woodland, swamps, and water 6%, urban and other 3%; unsettled area 72%-mostly forest and savannah Land boundaries: 6,035 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 2,414 km PEOPLE Population: 25,837,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Colombian(s); adjective-Colombian Ethnic divisions: 58% mestizo, 20% caucasian, 14% mulatto, 4% Negro, 3% mixed Negro-Indian, 1% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 47% of population over 15 years old Labor force: 5.6 million (1966); 47% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 18% services, 9% commerce, 13% other (1964); 10%-13% unemployment (1975) Organized labor: 13% of labor force (1968) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Colombia Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure Capital: Bogota Political subdivisions: 22 departments, 3 Intendants, 5 Commissariats, Bogota Special District Legal system: based on Spanish law; religious courts regulate marriage and divorce; constitution decreed in 1886, amendments codified in 1946 and 1968; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 30 July Branches: President, bicameral legislature, judiciary Government leader: President Julio Cesar TURBAY Ayala Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: every fourth year; last presidential and congressional elections June 1978; municipal and depart- mental elections, February 1978 Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party, President Julio Cesar Turbay; Conservative Party, Alvaro Gomez Hurtado; Alianza Nazional Popular, Maria Eugenia Rojas de Moreno Voting strength: 1978 presidential election-Julio Cesar Turbay 49%, Belisario Betancur 46%, Gen. Alvaro Valencia 1.3%; 1978 municipal election, 55% Liberal Party, 36% Conservative Party, 9% combined far left parties; 70% abstention of eligible voters Communists: 10,000-12,000 members est. Other political or pressure groups: Communist Party (PCC), Gilberto Vieira White; PCC/ML, Chinese Line Communist Party Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $20.7 billion, est. (1977, in 1977 prices), $830 per capita; 75% private consumption, 6% public consumption, 18% gross investment, 1.0% net foreign balance (1977) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, rice, corn, sugarcane, plantains, bananas, cotton, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,140 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 75,107 metric tons 1976; exports $10.6 million (1973), imports $10.3 million (1973) Major industries: textiles, food processing, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, and metal products Crude steel: 356,000 metric tons produced (1976), 14 kg per capita Electric power: 4,650,000 kW capacity (1977); 13.8 billion kWh produced (1977), 550 kWh per capita Exports: $2,433 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee, fuel oil, cotton, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cattle and hides Imports: $1,880 million (c.i.f., 1977); transportation equipment, machinery, industrial metals and raw materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, fuels, fertilizers, paper and paper products, foodstuffs and beverages Major trade partners: exports-48% Japan, 27% U.S., 16% Germany, 10% Venezuela, 6% Netherlands; imports- 38% U.S., 9% Germany, 8% Japan, 5% Ecuador (1976) Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 41 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $991 million loans, $325 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $1.8 billion; from other Western countries (1970-76), $249.8 million; from Communist countries (1970-76), $275.4 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-76), $130 million Budget: (1978) revenues $2.09 billion; expenditures $2.30 billion Monetary conversion rate: 39.02 pesos=US$1 (June 1978, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,436 km, all 0.914-meter gage, single track, 35 km electrified Highways: 52,100 km total; 8,200 km paved, 43,900 km gravel and earth Inland waterways: 14,300 km, navigable by river boats Pipelines: crude oil, 3,585 km; refined products, 1,350 km; natural gas, 830 km; natural gas liquids, 125 km Ports: 5 major, 5 minor Civil air: 79 major transport aircraft Airfields: 674 total, 673 usable; 44 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 88 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: nationwide radio-relay system; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 1.34 million telephones (5.5 per 100 pop].); 325 AM, 130 FM, and 48 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,857,000; 3,833,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 297,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $181.8 million; about 7.7% of central government budget LAND 2,170 km2; 4 main islands; forests 16%, pasture 7%, cultivable area 48%, non-cultivable area 29% WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 340 km PEOPLE Population: 320,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Comoran(s); adjective-Comoran Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Malay, Negroid Religion: predominantly Islamic Language: French, Arabic, Swahili Literacy: presumably low Labor force: mainly agricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros Type: three of the four islands comprise an independent republic, following local government's unilateral declaration of independence from France in July 1975; other island, Mayotte, disallowed declaration and is now a French Territorial community Capital: Moroni Political subdivisions: the three islands are organized into 7 regions Legal system: French and Muslim law Branches: Mohamed Abdallah elected President of the Comoros, October 21, 1978, having regained power last May following a coup, led by French-born mercinary Bob Denard, which toppled Ali Soilih; Soilih had come to power in 1977 through a coup that ousted Abdallah; Soilih was killed in the recent coup Suffrage: universal adult Elections: next presidential election scheduled to take place in 1984 Communists: information not available Member of: G-77, NAM, OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GDP: $69.5 million (1975), about $240 per capita; growth probably negligible through 1974 Agriculture: food crops-rice, manioc, maize, fruits, vegetables; export crops-essential oils for perfumes (mainly ylang-ylang), vanilla, copra, cloves 42 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Exports: $10.3 million (f.o.b., 1976); perfume oils, vanilla, copra, cloves Imports: $13.9 million (c.i.f., 1976); foodstuffs, cement, fuels, chemicals, textiles Major trade partners: France, Malagasy Republic, Italy, Kenya, Tanzania and U.S. Electric power: 2,400 kW capacity (1977); 3 million kWh produced (1977); 10 kWh per capita Aid: economic-Western (non-U.S.) countries (1970-76), $99.1 million; OPEC (ODA) (1973-76), $26.8 million Budget: 1977 projected-revenues, $4 million; expendi- tures, $10 million; investment expenditures, $5 million; deficit, $10 million Monetary conversion rate: 245.67 Communaute Finan- ,iere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 in 1977, floating COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 999 km total; approximately 295 km bitumi- nous, remainder crushed stone or gravel Ports: 1 minor (Moroni on Grande Comore) Civil air: 3 major transports (2 registered in France) Airfields: 5 total, 5 usable; 5 with permanent surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: sparse system of HF radiocom- munication stations for interisland, island and external communications to Malagasy and Reunion; 1,100 telephones (0.3 per 100 pop].); 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations CONGO Atlantic Ocean WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm Coastline: 169 km PEOPLE Population: 1,484,000 (January 1979), average annual growth' rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Congolese (sing., pl.); adjective- Congolese or Congo Ethnic divisions: about 15 ethnic groups divided into some 75 tribes, almost all Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in south, Teke (17%) in center, M'Bochi (12%) and Sangha (20%) in north, about 8,500 Europeans, mostly French Religion: about half animist, half nominally Christian, less than 1% Muslim Language: French official, many African languages with Lingala and Kikongo most widely used Literacy: about 20% Labor force: about 40% of population economically active, most engaged in subsistence agriculture; 79,100 wage earners; 40,000-60,000 unemployed Organized labor: 16% of total labor force (1965 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of the Congo Type: republic; military regime established September 1968 Capital: Brazzaville Political subdivisions: 9 regions divided into districts Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1973 National holiday: National Day, 15 August Branches: President, Military Committee, Council of State; judiciary; all policy made by Congolese Workers Party Central Committee and Politburo Government leaders: President, Brigadier General Joachim Yhombi-Opango; Prime Minister Louis Goma Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: last legislative elections June 1973 Political parties and leaders: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) is only legal party Communists: unknown number of Communists and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC), Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC), Revolutionary Union of Congolese Union (URFC), General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UGEEC) Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, LAND 349,650 km2; 63% dense forest or woodland, 33% cultivable or grazing (2% cultivated est.), 4% urban or waste Land boundaries: 4,514 km Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 CENTRAL AERiCAN EMPIRE Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 OAU, UDEAC, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $700 million (1977 est.), $490 per capita; real growth rate 2.5% per year (1970-77) Agriculture: cash crops-sugarcane, wood, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, peanuts, tobacco; food crops--root crops, rice, corn, bananas, manioc, fish Fishing: catch 19,447 metric tons (1976) Major industries: crude oil, sawmills, brewery, cigarettes, sugar mill, soap Electric power: 63,200 kW capacity (1977); 130 million kWh produced (1977), 90 kWh per capita Exports: $214 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); oil (58%), lumber, tobacco, veneer, and plywood Imports: $266 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); machinery, transport equipment, manufactured consumer goods, iron and steel, foodstuffs, petroleum products, sugar Major trade partners: France and other EC countries Budget: 1977 est.-revenue $216 million, expenditures $240 million Monetary conversion rate: 245.67 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 800 km, 1,067-meter gage, single track Highways: 8,246 km total; 555 km bituminous surface treated; 848 km gravel, laterite, 1,623 km improved earth, and 5,220 km unimproved roads Inland waterways: 6,485 km navigable Pipelines: crude oil 25 km Ports: 1 major (Pointe Noire) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 68 total, 51 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: services adequate for government use; network is comprised of low-capacity, low-powered radiocommunication stations, coaxial cables and wire lines; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; 10,500 telephones (0.7 per 100 popl.); 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 323,000; 164,000 fit for military service; about 14,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $37,517,400; about 17% of central government budget COOK ISLANDS LAND About 240 km' WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 120 km COOK ISLANDS PEOPLE Population: 18,000 (total from the census of 1 December 1976) Nationality: noun-Cook Islander(s); adjective-Cook Islander Ethnic divisions: 81.3% Polynesian (full blood), 7.7% Polynesian and European, 7.7% Polynesian and other, 2.4% European, 0.9% other Religion: Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cook Islands Type: self-governing in "free association" with New Zealand; Cook islands government fully responsible for internal affairs and has right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with Cook Islands government Capital: Rarotonga Branches: New Zealand Governor General appoints Representative to Cook Islands, who represents the Queen and the New Zealand government; Representative appoints the Premier; Legislative Assembly of 22 members, popularly elected; House of Arikis (chiefs), 15 members, appointed by Representative, an advisory body only Government leader: Premier Dr. Tom Davis Suffrage: universal adult 44 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Elections: every 4 years, latest in March 1978 Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Sir Albert Henry; Democratic Party, Dr. Thomas Davis Voting strength (1978): Democratic Party, 15 seats, Cook Islands Party, 6 seats; final seat to be settled ECONOMY GDP: $400 per capita (1973) Agriculture: export crops include copra, citrus fruits, pineapples, tomatoes, and bananas, with subsistence crops of - yams and taro Industry: fruit processing Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1977); 10 million kWh produced (1977), 560 kWh per capita Exports: $2.7 million (1971); fruit juice, clothing, citrus fruits Imports: $5.8 million (1971) Major trade partners: (1970) exports-98% New Zealand, imports-76% New Zealand, 7% Japan Monetary conversion rate: 1 NZ$=US$0.9947 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 187 km total (1977); 35 km paved, 35 -km gravel, 84 km improved earth, 33 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 6 total, 5 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,317 m, 1 with natural surface runway; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 6 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 7,000 radio receivers, and 956 telephones COSTA RICA LAND 51,000 km2; 30% agricultural land (8% cultivated, 22% meadows and pasture), 60% forested, 10% waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 670 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; specialized competence over living resources to 200 nm) Coastline: 1,290 km PEOPLE Population: 2,144,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Costa Rican(s); adjective-Costa Rican Ethnic divisions: 98% white (including mestizo), 2% Negro Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: about 90% Labor force: 657,709 (1976); 32.6% agriculture; 13.8% manufacturing; 15.3% commerce; 6.1% construction; 5.2% transportation, utilities; 20.3% service (government, educa- tion, social); 0.5% other; 6.2% unemployment (1976) Organized labor: about 11.5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Costa Rica Type: unitary republic Capital: San Jose Political subdivisions: 7 provinces Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Costa Rica; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: President, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court elected by legislature Government leader: President Rodrigo CARAZO Odio Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and over Elections: every 4 years; next, February 1982 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Party (PLN), Daniel Oduber, Luis Alberto Monge, Carlos Manuel Castillo; Democratic Renovation Party (PRD), Rodrigo Carazo; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Jorge Monge Zamora; Popular Vanguard Party (PVP, Communist), Manuel Mora Valverde; Republican Calderonista Party (PRC), Rafael Angel Calderon Fournier; Popular Union Party (PUP), San Joaquin Trejos Fernandez; Unity Coalition composed of the PRD, the PDC, the PUP, and the PRC Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Voting strength (1978 election): Unity Coalition 43.4%, 27 seats; PLN 38.8%, 25 seats; Leftist Coalition Party (PPU) 7.6%, 3 seats; others, 2 seats Communists: 3,200 members, 10,000 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Costa Rican Confed- eration of Democratic Workers (CCTD), General Confeder- ation of Workers (CGT), Chamber of Coffee Growers, National Association for Economic Development (ANFE) Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Mul- tinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multinational del Car- ibe), OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $2.8 billion (1978, in current prices), $1,370 per capita; 66% private consumption, 16% public consumption, 22% gross domestic investment, -4% net foreign balance. (1976); real growth rate 1977, 6.9%; average growth (1972-77), 6.2% Agriculture: main products-bananas, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, cocoa, livestock products; caloric intake, 2,610 calories per day per capita (1966) Fishing: catch 12,728 metric tons (1976); exports, $5.1 million (1976), imports, $0.3 million (1976) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer Electric power: 410,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 830 kWh per capita Exports: $815 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee, bananas, beef, sugar, cacao Imports: $1,010 million (c.i.f., 1977); manufactured prod- ucts, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-38% U.S., 22% CACM, 11% West Germany; imports-35% U.S., 18% CACM, 5% West Germany, 11% Japan (1976) Aid: (1970-76) economic bilateral commitments: U.S. $72 million, other Western countries $78 million, Communist $17 million; military commitments negligible Budget: (1977) $410 million current revenues, $530 million total expenditures including debt amortization Monetary conversion rate: 8.57 colones=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year Pipelines: refined products, 318 km Ports: 3 major (Limon, Golfito, Puntarenas), 4 minor Civil. air: 18 major transport aircraft Airfields: 196 total, 189 usable; 29 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: good domestic telephone service; 127,000 telephones (6.2 per 100 pops.); connection into Central American microwave net; 55 AM, 10 FM, and 12 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 514,000; 336,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 26,000 Supply: dependent on imports from U.S. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $16.2 million for Ministry of Public Security, including the Civil Guard; about 3% of total central government budget Gulf of Mexico w xxou _ Caribbean Sea il~ LAND 114,478 km2; 35% cultivated, 30% meadow and pasture, 20% waste, urban, or other, 15% forested WATER . Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 3,735 km COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 563 km 1.067-meter gage, all single track, 115 km electrified Highways: 26,050 km total; 2,000 km paved, 15,900 km gravel 8,150 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 730 km perennially navigable PEOPLE Population: 9,874,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Cuban(s); adjective-Cuban Ethnic divisions: 51% mulatto, 37% white, 11% Negro, 1% Chinese 46 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Religion: at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power Language: Spanish Literacy: about 96% Labor force: 2.7 million in 1976; 33% agriculture, 17% industry, 9% construction, 7% transportation, 32% services, 2% unemployed GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cuba Type: Communist state Capital: Havana Political subdivisions: 14 provinces and 169 munici- palities Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; Fundamental Law of 1959 replaced Constitution of 1940; a new constitution was approved at the Cuban Communist Party's First Party Congress in December 1975 and by a popular referendum which took place on 15 February 1976; portions of the new constitution were put into effect on 24 February 1976, by means of a Constitutional Transition Law, and the entire constitution became effective on 2 December 1976; legal education at Universities of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Revolution, 1 January Branches: executive; legislature (National People's Assem- bly); controlled judiciary Government leader: President Fidel CASTRO Ruz Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 16 Elections: National People's Assembly (indirect election) every five years; election held November 1976 Political parties and leaders: Cuban Communist Party (PCC), First Secretary Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raul Castro Ruz Communists: approx. 200,000 party members Member of: CEMA, ECLA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB (nonparticipant), ICAO, IHO, ILO, IMCO, International Rice Commission, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Ship- ping Line-Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS (non- participant), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of the Americas and Spain, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $8.0 billion (1976 est., in 1976 prices), $840 per capita; 60% private consumption, 20% public consumption, 20% gross investment; real growth rate 1976, 3.5% Agriculture: main crops-sugar, tobacco, coffee, rice, potatoes, tubers, citrus fruits Fishing: catch 220,000 metric tons (1977); exports $84 million (1977) Major industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals Shortages: spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods Crude steel: 0.35 million metric tons capacity (planned); 300,000 metric tons produced (1977); 30 kg per capita Electric power: 1,775,300 kW capacity (1.977); 6.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 700 kWh per capita Exports: $3.9 billion (f.o.b., 1977 est.); sugar, nickel, tobacco Imports: $4.2 billion (c.i.f., 1977 est.); capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-65% U.S.S.R., 15% other Communist countries; imports-49% U.S.S.R., 14% other Communist countries, 6% Spain (1976) Budget: $11.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1.21 (nominal) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 14,640 km total, government-owned; 5,040 km common-carrier lines of which 4,960 km standard gage (1.435 m), 80 km 0.914-meter gage; about 9,600 km plantation/industrial lines, 6,400 km standard gage (1.435 m), 3,200 km narrow gage Highways: 20,700 km total; 8,800 km paved, 11,900 km gravel and earth surfaced Inland waterways: 240 km Pipelines: natural gas, 80 km Ports: 8 major (including U.S. Naval Base at Guantan- amo), 44 minor; Guantanamo under U.S. control Civil air: 37 major transport aircraft Airfields: 193 total, 182 usable; 48 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 25 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 10 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern facilities adequately serve military, governmental, and some civilian needs; excellent international facilities via HF and satellite; 380,000 tele- phones (3.9 per 100 popl.); 100 AM, 25 FM, and 24 TV stations; 4 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $949 million; about 8.6% of total budget LAND 9,251 km2; 47% arable and land under permanent crops, Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 18% forested, 10% meadows and pasture, 25% waste, urban areas, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm PEOPLE Population: 642,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.2% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Cypriot(s); adjective-Cypriot Ethnic divisions: 78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other Religion: 78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Maron- ite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other Language: Greek, Turkish, English Literacy: about 82% of population 7 years or older Greek Sector labor force: 207,700 (1976), 22% agricul- ture, forestry, fishing; 14% manufacturing; 6% construction; 1% mining and quarrying; 14% services; 10% trade and finance; 3% transportation and communications; 5% public administration, 25% other; unemployment 4% (1977) Turkish Sector labor force: 179,400 (145,900 employed, 33,500 unemployed); 31% agriculture, 18% services, 17% manufacturing, 12% wholesale and retail trade, 22% other (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cyprus Type: republic since August 1960; separate de facto Greek Cypriot, and Turkish Cypriot governments have evolved since outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974; negotiations, which have been going on since January 1975, have focused on the creation of a federal system of government with substantial autonomy for each of the two communities Capital: Nicosia Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been going on intermittently National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October Branches: currently a rump government with effective authority only over the Greek Cypriot community, consist- ing of Greek Cypriot parts of bodies provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic and comprised of Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots have their own "Constitution" and governing bodies within the "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus" Government leaders: Greek Sector: President, Spyros Kyprianou, elected interim President in September 1977, to serve out the remainder of the term of Archbishop Makarios who died on 3 August 1977, and elected President in his own right by acclamation in February 1978; Turkish Sector: "President," Rauf Denktas; "Prime Minister," Osman Orek Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: officially every 5 years; Turkish Cypriot "Presidential" and "Parliamentary" elections held June 1976; Greek Cypriot parliamentary elections held in September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Greek Sector: Restorative Party of the Working People (AKEL) (Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DS), Glavkos Kliridis; Democratic Party (DK) (pro-Makarios), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vasos Lyssaridis; Turkish Sector: National Unity Party (UBP), Rauf Denktas; Populist Party (HP), Alper Orhon; Communal Salvation Party (TKP), Alpay Durduran; Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker Ozgur Voting strength: Rauf Denktas won the 1976 "Presiden- tial" contest in the Turkish Cypriot zone with 76% of the vote and his party won 30 of 40 seats in the "Assembly" with 54% of the vote. In the Greek Cypriot parliamentary election of September 1976, a pro-Makarios coalition composed of AKEL, EDEK, and the Democratic Faction (DF) received 69.5% of the vote and 34 of 35 seats while Kliridis' Democratic Rally (DS) won 25% of the vote and no seats; the remaining seat was given to independent Tasos Papadopoulos Communists: 12,000; sympathizers estimated to number 60,000 Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON) (Communist-controlled); Pan Cyprian Labor Federation (PEO) (Communist-controlled); Confederation of Cypriot Workers (SEK) (pro-West); 48 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions (KTIBF); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (DISK) Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, G- 77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $789.3 million (1976), $1,580 per capita; 1976 real growth rate 14.6% Agriculture: main crops-vine products, citrus, potatoes, other vegetables; food shortages-grain, dairy products, meat, fish; caloric intake, 2,460 calories per day per capita (1964-66) Major industries: mining (cupreous and iron pyrites, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption- food, beverages, footwear, clothing, cement Shortages: water, petroleum Electric power: 338,000 kW capacity (1977); 888 million kWh produced (1977), 1,390 kWh per capita Exports: $318 million (f.o.b., 1977, converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.451); principal items-asbestos, copper, pyrites, citrus, raisins, and other agricultural products, potatoes, cement, clothing, footwear, wine Turkish Sector exports: $15.7 million (f.o.b., 1976, con- verted at average conversion factor of 16.053 Turkish lira=US$1); principal items-citrus fruits, potatoes, manu- factured goods Imports: $623 million (c.i.f., 1977, converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound =US$2,451); principal items-manufactured goods, machinery and trans- port equipment, petroleum products, foods Turkish Sector imports: $65.9 million (c.i.f., 1976, con- verted at average trade conversion factor of 16.053 Turkish lira=US$1); principal items are foodstuffs, livestock, raw materials, oil, machinery Major trade partners: (1977) imports-19% U.K., 9% Italy, 8% Greece, 8% West Germany, 6% U.S., 5% France; exports-29% U.K., 13% Saudi Arabia, 9% Lebanon, 5% Libya, 4% Egypt, 3% U.S.S.R., 3% Greece, 3% Syria Turkish Sector major trade partners: (1976) imports- 48% Turkey, 22% U.K., 7% West Germany, 5% France, 3% Netherlands, 3% Italy; exports-33% U.K., 29% Turkey, 18% Netherlands, 10% Italy Aid: economic-U.S., $49 million authorized (FY70-76); other Western bilateral authorizations (ODA and OOF), $34 million (1970-76); Greece, $79 million (1976) Turkish Sector aid: Turkey, $70 million (1974-76) Budget: 1977-revenues $167.6 million, expenditures $229.4 million, deficit $61.8 million Turkish Sector budget: revenues $38 million, expendi- tures $78 million, deficit $40 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.61 (December 1971 through January 1973), 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.4510 (trade conversion factor for 1.977) Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate: 18.002 Turk- ish lira=US$1 (trade conversion factor for 1977) Fiscal year: calendar year NOTE: 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977 GNP, import, export, and budget figures are Government of Cyprus figures which include 100% of island until August 1974 and 60% of island thereafter; the Turkish sector of island for last 4 months of 1974 is part of Turkish mainland economy; with the passage of time, some information on the Turkish sector of the island has become available. COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 9,710 km total; 4,580 km bituminous surface treated; 5,130 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth Ports: 3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 6 minor; Famagusta under Turkish control Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased in) Airfields: 13 total, 12 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 with runways 2,440-3;656 m Telecommunications: moderately good telecommunica- tion system in both Greek and Turkish sectors; 77,000 telephones (11.2 per 100 pop].); 12 AM, 4 FM, and 7 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 2 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 158,000; 111,000 fit for military service, about 7,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $43.2 million about 18% of central government budget CZECHOSLOVAKIA LAND 127,946 km2; 42% arable, 14% other agricultural, 35% forested, 9% other Land boundaries: 3,540 km PEOPLE Population: 15,189,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Czechoslovak(s); adjective-Czecho- slovak Ethnic divisions: 64.3% Czechs, 30.0% Slovaks, 4.0% Magyars, 0.6% Germans, 0.5% Poles, 0.4% Ukrainians, 0.2% others (Jews, Gypsies) Religion: 77% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 2% Orthodox, 1% other Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 January 1979 SAN Afp1m oF?ugfiv Language: Czech, Slovak, Hungarian Literacy: almost complete Labor force: 7.4 million; 14% agriculture, 38.6% industry, 11% services, 36.4% construction, communications and others GOVERNMENT Legal name: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (C.S.S.R.) Type: Communist state Capital: Prague Political subdivisions: 2 ostensibly separate and nomi- nally autonomous republics (Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic); 7 regions (kraj) in Czech lands, three regions in Slovakia; national capitals of Prague and Bratislava have regional status Legal system: civil law system based on Austrian- Hungarian codes, modified by Communist legal theory; revised constitution adopted 1960, amended in 1968 and 1970; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Karlova University School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 9 May Branches: executive-President (elected by Federal As- sembly), cabinet (appointed by President); legislative- Federal Assembly (elected directly), Czech and Slovak National Councils (also elected directly) legislate on limited area of regional matters; judiciary-Supreme Court (elected by Federal Assembly); entire governmental structure domi- nated by Communist Party Government leaders: President Gustav Husak (elected May 1975), Premier Lubomir Strougal Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: governmental bodies every 5 years (last election, October 1976); President every 5 years Dominant political party_and leader: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), Gustav Husak, General Secretary; Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) has status of "provincial KSC organization" Voting strength (1976 election): 99.7% for Communist- sponsored single slate . Communists: 1.45 million party members and candidate members (January 1978) Other political groups: puppet parties-Czechoslovak Socialist Party, Czechoslovak People's Party. Slovak Free- dom Party, Slovak Revival Party Member of: CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $63.2 billion in 1977 (in 1977 dollars), $4,200 per capita; 1977 real growth rate 3.4% Agriculture: diversified agriculture; main crops-wheat, rye, potatoes, sugar beets; net food importer-meat, wheat, vegetable oils, fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per day per capita (1967) Major industries: machinery, food processing, metal- lurgy, textiles, chemicals Shortages: ores, crude oil Crude steel: 15.1 million metric tons produced (1977), 1,000 kg per capita Electric power: 15,200,000 kW capacity (1977); 66.4 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,410 kWh per capita Exports: $10,495 million (f.o.b., 1977); 51% machinery, equipment; 28% fuels, raw materials; 3% foods, food products, and live animals; 18% consumer goods, excluding foods (1977) Imports: $10,888 million (f.o.b., 1977); 39% machinery, equipment; 45% fuels, raw materials; 10% foods, food products, and live animals; 6% consumer goods, excluding foods (1977) Monetary conversion rate: noncommercial 10.15 crowns=US$1, commercial 5.64 crowns=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year NOTE: foreign trade figures were converted at the rate of 5.81 crowns=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 13,186 km total; 12,881 km standard gage (1.435 m), 112 km broad gage (1.524 m), 193 km narrow gage (0.750 m and 0.760 m); 2,807 km double track; 2,718 km electrified; government-owned (1977) Highways: 73,677 km total; 60,157 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 13,520 km gravel, crushed stone (1976) Inland waterways: 483 km (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,448 km; refined products, 861 km; natural gas, 5,601 km Freight carried: rail-274.3 million metric tons, 71.6 billion metric ton/km (1977); highway-1,049.7 million 50 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 metric tons, 16.7 billion metric ton/km (1977); waterway-' 6.8 million metric tons, 3.5 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) in approximately 766 waterway craft with 454,370 metric ton capacity (1978) Ports: no maritime ports; outlets are Gdynia, Gdansk, and Szczecin in Poland; Rijeka and Koper in Yugoslavia; Hamburg, FRG; Rostock, GDR; principal river ports are Prague, Melnik, Usti nad Labem, Decin, Komarno, Bra- tislava (1977) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, est. 19.5 billion crowns, about 7.1% of total budget LAND 42,994 kml (exclusive of Greenland and Faroe Islands); 64% arable, 8% meadows and pastures, 11% forested, 17% other Land boundaries: 68 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,379 km PEOPLE Population: 5,112,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Dane(s); adjective-Danish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other Language: Danish; small German-speaking minority Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2,579 million (October 1977); 8.6% agricul- ture, forestry, fishing, 24.6% manufacturing, 8.1% construe- tion, 15.4% commerce, 6.6% transportation, 5.4% services, 29.3% government, 2.0% other; 6.4% (164,000) registered unemployed as percentage of total labor force (1977 annual average) Organized labor: 65% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Denmark Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Copenhagen Political subdivisions: 14 counties, 277 communes, 88 towns Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1953; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Copenhagen and Arhus; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 16 April Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Folketing); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 2 superior courts, 106 lower courts Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minis- ter, Anker Jorgensen Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: on call of prime minister but at least every four years (last election 15 February 1977) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Anker Jorgensen; Liberal, Henning Christopherson (interim party chairman) Conservative, Poul Schluter; Radical Liberal, Kristen Helveg Petersen; Socialist Peoples, Gert Petersen; Communist, Joergen Jensen; Left Socialist, Preben Wilhjelm; Center Democratic, Erhard Jakobsen; Christian People's, Jens Moller; Justice, Ib Christensen; Communist League Marxist-Leninist, Benito Scocozza Voting strength (1977 election): 37.5% Social Democratic, 14.3% Progressive, 12.3% Moderate Liberals, 8.3% Conserva- tive, 6.4% Center Democratic, 3.9% Socialist Peoples, 3.7% Communist, 3.6% Radical Liberal, 3.5% Christian, 3.2% Justice, 2.7% Leftist Socialist Communists: 7,500-8,000; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 114,034 Communist votes cast in 1977 elections Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO (observer), EMA, ESRD, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $42.2 billion (1977), $8,290 per capita; 58% private consumption, 20% investment, 25% government, - 2.5% net foreign sector and stock building (1977); 1977 growth rate 1.2%, constant prices 51 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Agriculture: highly intensive, specializes in dairying and animal husbandry; main crops-cereals, root crops; food imports-oilseeds, grain, feedstuffs; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1968-69) Fishing: catch 1.91 million metric tons (1976), exports $462 million (1977) Major industries: food processing, machinery and equip- ment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, transport equipment, metal products, brick and mortar, furniture and other wood products Crude steel: 685,000 metric tons produced (1976), 130 kg per capita Electric power: 7,400,000 kW capacity (1977); 23.9 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,690 kWh per capita Exports: $10.1 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- meat, dairy products, industrial machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, transport equip- ment, fish, furs, and furniture Imports: $13.3 billion (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- industrial machinery, transport equipment, petroleum, textile fibers and yarns, iron and steel products, chemicals, grain and feedstuffs, wood and paper Major trade partners: 46.1% EC-nine (17.7% West Germany, 12.3% U.K.); 13.6% Sweden; 5.9% Norway; 5.7% U.S.; 4.6% Netherlands; 4.4% Communist countries (1977) Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF) $717 million (1970-76) Budget: (FY77) expenditures $20.3 billion, revenues $20.1 billion Monetary conversion rate: 6.0032 Kroner=US$1 (1977, average exchange rate) Fiscal year: calendar year, beginning 1 January 1979 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,591 km standard gage (1.435 m); Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,101 km (1,999 km rail line and 102 km rail ferry services); 97 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 490 km of standard gage lines are privately-owned and operated Highways: approximately 66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth Inland waterways: 417 km Pipelines: refined products, 418 km Ports: 16 major, 44 minor Civil air: 66 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in and 4 leased out Airfields: 179 total, 136 usable; 23 with permanent- surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 2.53 million telephones (48.9 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 13 FM, and 34 TV stations; 14 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,250,000; 1,096,000 fit for military service; 39,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, $1,289 million; about 7% of proposed central government budget DJIBOUTI (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) LAND 23,310 km'; 89% desert wasteland, 10% permanent pasture, and less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 517 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 314 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 180,000 (official estimate for 1972) Nationality: noun-Afar(s), Issa(s); adjective-Afar, Issa Ethnic divisions: (approximate figures) 96,300 Somalis, mostly Issas (large number of the Somalis are temporary immigrants from Somalia, not citizens of territory), 90,500 Afars, 6,000 Arabs, 7,000 French (inclusive of French military forces) Religion: 94% Muslim, 6% Christian Language: Somali, Afar, French, Arabic, all widely used Literacy: about 5% Labor force: a small number of semiskilled laborers at port 52 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Organized labor: some 3,000 railway workers organized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Djibouti Type: republic Capital: Djibouti Legal system: based on French civil law system, traditional practices and Islamic law Branches: 65-member parliament, cabinet, president, prime minister Government leader: President, Hassan Gouled Aptidon Suffrage: universal Elections: Parliament elected May 1977 Political parties and leaders: National Independence Union (UNI), Ali Aref Bourhan; African People's Independ- ence League (LPAI), Hassan Gouled and Ahmed Dini; Popular Liberation Movement, Kamil Ali; Front for the Liberation of the Somali Coast (FLCS) Communists: possibly a few sympathizers Member of: Arab League ECONOMY GNP: $65 million (1972) Agriculture: livestock; desert conditions limit commercial crops to about 15 acres, including fruits and vegetables Industry: ship repairs and services of port and railroad drastically reduced with war in Ethiopia's Ogaden that cut the railroad line Electric power: 23,500 kW capacity (1977); 55 million kWh produced (1977), 310 kWh per capita Imports: $74 million (1973); almost all domestically needed goods-foods, machinery, transport equipment Exports: $20 million, including transit trade (1973); hides and skins, and transit of coffee; since railroad line has been cut, values have plummeted Monetary conversion rate: 182 Djibouti francs=US$1 Fiscal year: probably same as that for France (calendar year) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 97 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 770 km total; 220 km paved, 550 km improved earth Ports: 1 major (Djibouti) Airfields: 8 total, 8 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft (leased in) Telecommunications: fair system of urban facilities in Djibouti and radiocommunication stations at outlying places; 3,600 telephones (2.0 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 43,000; about 25,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of France LAND 790 km'; 24% arable, 2% pasture, 67% forests, 7% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 148 km PEOPLE Population: 78,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.7% (1-75 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjective-Dominican Ethnic divisions: mostly of African Negro descent Religion: Roman Catholic, Church of England, Methodist Language: English; French patois Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 23,000; about 50% in agriculture; 24% unemployment Organized labor: 25% of the labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominica Type: independent state within Commonwealth as of 3 November 1978 Capital: Roseau Political subdivisions: 10 parishes Legal system: based on English common law; three local magistrate courts and the British Caribbean Court of Appeals Branches: legislature, 11 member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Government leaders: Prime Minister Patrick Roland John Suffrage: universal adult suffrage over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; most recent March 1975 Political parties and leaders: Dominica Labor Party (DLP), Patrick John; Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), Miss M. Eugenia Charles (unofficial) Voting strength: House of Assembly seats-DFP 3 seats, DLP 16 seats, independent 2 seats Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $32 million (1977 est.), $410 per capita; real growth rate, 1977, 2.0% est. Agricultural products: bananas, citrus, coconuts, cocoa Major industries: agricultural processing, tourism Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1977); 7 million kWh produced (1977), 90 kWh per capita Exports: $10 million (f.o.b., 1976); bananas, lime juice and oil, cocoa, reexports Imports: $18 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured articles, cement Major trade partners: 47% U.K., 15% Commonwealth Caribbean countries, 7% U.S., 6% Canada (1975) Aid: economic-bilateral including Ex-Im (1970-76), from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $57 million; no military aid Budget: revenues, $8 million; expenditures, $11 million (1977/78 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dol- lars=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 750 km total; 500 km paved, 250 km gravel and earth Ports: 2 minor (Roseau, Portsmouth) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with asphalt runway 1,472 m Telecommunications: 3,600 telephones in fully automatic network (4.8 per 100 pop1.); VHF and UHF link to St. Lucia; 1 AM and 1 TV station DOMINICAN REPUBLIC LAND 48,692 km2; 14% cultivated, 4% fallow, 17% meadows and pastures, 45% forested, 20% built-on or waste Land boundaries: 361 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone PEOPLE Population: 5,466,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjective-Dominican Ethnic divisions: 73% mulatto, 16% white, 11% Negro Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 68% Labor force: 1.3 million; 73% agriculture, 8% industry, 19% services and other Organized labor: 12% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominican Republic Type: republic Capital: Santo Domingo Political subdivisions: 26 provinces and the National District Legal system: based on French civil codes; 1966 constitution National holiday: Independence Day, 27 February Branches: President popularly elected for a 4-year term; bicameral legislature consisting of Senate (27 seats) and Chamber of Deputies (91 seats) elected for 4-year terms; Supreme Court Government leader: President Antonio (Silvestre) GUZ- MAN Fernandez Suffrage: universal and compulsory, over age 18 or married, except members of the armed forces and police, who cannot vote Elections: last national election May 1978; next election May 1982 Political parties and leaders: Reformist Party (PR), Joaquin Balaguer; Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD), 54 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Jorge Blanco; Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), Juan Bosch; Democratic Quisqueyan Party (POD), Elias Wessin y Wessin; Revolutionary Social Christian Party (PRSC), Rogelio Delgado Bogaert; Movement for National Concilia- tion (MNC), Jaime Manuel Fernandez Gonzalez; Antire- election Movement of Democratic Integration (MIDA), Francisco Augusto Lora; National Civic Union (UCN), Guillermo Delmonte Urraca; National Salvation Movement (MSN), Luis Julian Perez; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), IIomero Lajara Burgos; Fourteenth of June Revolutionary Movement (MR-1J4), split into several factions, illegal; Dominican Communist Party (PCD), central committee, legalized in 1978; Dominican Popular Movement (MPD), illegal; 12th of January National Liberation Movement (ML-12E), Plinio Matos Moquete, illegal; Communist Party of the Dominican Republic (PACOREDO), Luis Montas Gonzalez, illegal; Popular Socialist Party (PSP), illegal Voting strength (1978 election): 51.7% PRD, 40.9% PR, 7.4% thirteen minor parties Communists: an estimated 1,500 to 1,800 members in six different factions; effectiveness limited by ideological differences and organizational inadequacies Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $4.4 billion (1977), $880 per capita; real growth rate 1977, 3.3% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, to- bacco, rice, corn Major industries: sugar processing, nickel mining, bauxite mining, gold mining, textiles, cement Electric power: 662,000 kW capacity (1977); 2 billion kWh produced (1977), 400 kWh per capita Exports: $780 million (f.o.b., 1977); sugar, nickel, coffee, tobacco, cocoa, bauxite Imports: $848 million (f.o.b., 1977); foodstuffs, petroleum, industrial raw materials, capital equipment Major trade partners: exports-81% U.S. (1977); im- ports-50% U.S. (1977) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-76), from U.S., $252 million; other Western countries, $78 million; military-from U.S., $12 million Budget: revenues, $600 million; expenditures, $635 million (1978 est.) Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,600 km total; 104 km government-owned common-carrier 1.065-meter gage; 1,496 km privately owned plantation lines of 4 different gages ranging from 0.60 m to 1.43 m, 0.760-meter gage predominating Highways: 11,400 km total; 5,800 km paved, 5,600 km gravel and improved earth Pipelines: refined products, 69 km Ports: 5 major (Santo Domingo, Barahona, Haina, Las Calderas, San Pedro de Macoris), 17 minor Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 52 total, 45 usable; 11 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: relatively efficient domestic system based on islandwide radio relay network; 127,000 telephones (2.6 per 100 pop1.); 135 AM, 31 FM, and 11 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,116,000; 712,000 fit for military service; 59,000 reach military age (18) annually LAND 274,540 km2 (including Galapagos Islands); 11% culti- vated, 8% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 26% waste, urban, or other (excludes the Oriente and the Galapagos Islands, for which information is not available) Land boundaries: 1,931 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 2,237 km (includes Galapagos Is.) PEOPLE Population: 7,665,000, excluding nomadic Indian tribes, (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Ecuadorean(s); adjective-Ecuador- ean Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Ethnic divisions: 40% mestizo, 40% Indian, 10% white, 5% Negro, 5% Oriental and other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (majority nonpracticing) Language: Spanish, Quechua Literacy: 57% Labor force: 2 million, of which 56% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 4% construction, 7% commerce, 4% public administration, 16% other services and activities Organized labor: less than 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ecuador National holiday: Independence Day, 10 August Type: republic; under military regime since 1972 Capital: Quito Political subdivisions: 20 provinces including Galapagos Islands Legal system: based on civil law system; progressive new constitution passed in January, 1978 referendum will come .nto effect following the inauguration of a new civilian president in August 1979; legal education at 4 state and 2 private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 10 August Branches: Supreme Council of Government, made up of the three military chiefs, assumed power January 1976; judiciary system supervised by Supreme Court; six special tribunals established in July 1972 Government leader: President of Supreme Council Vice Admiral Alfredo POVEDA Burbano Suffrage: universal for literates over age 18 Elections: first round of presidential election and municipal elections were held 16 July 1978; will be followed by second round of presidential election and parliamentary elections in April 1979 Political parties and leaders: Popular Christian Party, Sixto Antonio Duran-Ballen, center right; Radical Liberal Party, Francisco Huerta, center left; Concentration of Popular Forces, Assad Bucaram, Jaime Roldos, populist; Christian Democrats, Osvaldo Hurtado, center left; Demo- cratic Left, Rodrigo Borja, center left; National Velasquistas Front, Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, personalistic Voting strength: unofficial results of July 1978 presiden- tial election (first round): Jaime Roldos, Concentration of Popular Forces, 31%; Sixto Duran-Ballen, center-right coalition, 24%; Raul Clemente Huerta, center-left coalition, 23%; others, 22% Communists: Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro- Moscow, Pedro Saad-secretary-general), 500 members plus an estimated 3,000 sympathizers; Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE/ML, pro-Peking), 100 members; Revolution- ary Socialist Party of Ecuador (PSRE), 200 members Member of: ECOSOC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, TDB, IFC,.IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (formed in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, OPEC, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $5.6 billion est. (1977), $780 per capita; 70% private consumption, 10% public consumption, 20% gross invest- ment; average annual real growth rate 1974-77, 6.8% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugar- cane, fruits, corn, potatoes, rice; caloric intake, 1,970 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 233,400 metric tons (1975); exports $73 million (1977), imports negligible Major industries: food processing, textiles, chemicals, fishing, petroleum Electric power: 552,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 290 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1977); petroleum, bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugar, fish products Imports: $1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1977); agricultural and industrial machinery, industrial raw materials, building supplies, chemical products, transportation and communica- tion equipment Major trade partners: exports (1977)-41% U.S., 20% LAFTA, 15% EC; imports (1977)-41% U.S., 22% EC, 18% Japan, 14% LAFTA Aid: economic-bilateral ODA and OOF (1970-76), U.S., $117.5 million; other Western countries, $157.9 million; OPEC, $22 million; Communist countries, $9.4 million; military-(1970-76) U.S., $13.6 million Budget: (1977) revenues, $885 million; expenditures, $1,095 million Monetary conversion rate: 25 sucres=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,121 km total; 966 km 1.067-meter gage, 155 km 0.750-meter gage; all single track Highways: 22,250 km total; 3,300 km paved, 11,300 km otherwise improved, 7,650 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,500 km Pipelines: crude oil, 623 km; refined products, 1,358 km Ports: 3 major (Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bolivar), 11 minor Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Airfields: 173 total, 173 usable; 16 with permanent- surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: facilities adequate only in largest cities; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 174,000 telephones (2.5 per 100 popl.); 250 AM, 38 FM, and 10 TV stations 56 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,743,000; 1,072,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually 84,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $169.8 million; about 17.5% of central government budget LAND 1,000,258 km2 (including 57,498 km2 occupied by Israel); 2.8% cultivated (of which about 70% multiple cropped); 96.5% desert, waste, or urban; 0.7% inland water Land boundaries: 2,527 km (1967); approximately 2,580 km including border of occupied Sinai area (since September 1975) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 2,450 km (1967); includes approximately 500 km within occupied Sinai area (since September 1975) PEOPLE Population: 40,424,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Egyptian(s); adjective-Egyptian or Arab Republic of Egypt Ethnic divisions: 90% Eastern Hamitic stock; 10% Greek, Italian, Syro-Lebanese Religion: (official estimate) 94% Muslim, 6% Copt and other Language: Arabic official, English and French widely understood by educated classes Literacy: around 40% Labor force: 12 million; 45 to 50% agriculture, 10% industry, 10% trade and finance, 30% services and other; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 1 to 3 million GOVERNMENT Legal name: Arab Republic of Egypt Type: republic; under presidential rule since June 1956 Capital: Cairo Political subdivisions: 26 governorates Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; permanent constitution written in 1971; judicial review of limited nature in Supreme Court, also in Council of State which oversees validity of administrative decisions; legal education at Cairo University; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 23 July Branches: executive power vested in President, who appoints cabinet; People's Assembly gradually gaining power as political liberalization program is implemented; independ- ent judiciary administered by Minister of Justice Government leader: President Anwar al-Sadat Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections to People's Assembly every 5 years (most recent October 1976); presidential elections every 6 years (most recent September 1976) Political parties and leaders: formation of political parties must be approved by government; National Demo- cratic Party, formed in mid-1978 by President Sadat, is the major party; various small opposition parties Communists: approximately 500, party members Member of: AAPSO, AFDB, Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WPC, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $14.5 billion (1976), $380 per capita; average annual growth rate of 9% in 1976 Agriculture: main cash crop-cotton; other crops-rice, onions, beans, citrus fruit, wheat, corn, barley; not self-suffi- cient in food, but agriculture a net earner of foreign exchange Major industries: textiles, food processing, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement Electric power: 5,300,000 kW capacity (1977); 14 billion kWh produced (1977), 350 kWh per capita Monetary conversion rate: official rate-1 Egyptian pound=US$2.54 (selling rate); 0.394 Egyptian pound= US$1 (selling rate); parallel market rate-1 Egyptian pound=US$1.43, 0.699 Egyptian pound=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year, beginning in 1975 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,857 km total; 951 km double track; 25 km electrified; 4,510 km standard gage (1.435 m), 347 km 0.750-meter gage Highways: 47,025 km total; 12,300 km paved, 2,500 km gravel and crushed stone, 14,200 km improved earth, 18,025 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,360 km; Suez Canal, 160 km long, used by ocean-going vessels drawing up to 11.5 meters of water; Alexandria-Cairo waterway navigable by barges of metric ton capacity; Nile and large canals by barges of 420-metric ton capacity; Ismailia Canal by barges of 200- to 300-metric ton capacity; secondary canals by sailing craft of 10- to 70-metric ton capacity Freight carried: Suez Canal (1966)-242 million metric tons of which 175.6 million metric tons were POL Pipelines: crude oil, 675 km; refined products, 240 km; natural gas, 365 km Ports: 3 major (Alexandria, Port Said, Suez), 8 minor Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft Airfields: 99 total, 75 usable; 68 with permanent-surface runways; 44 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: second-largest system in Africa but inadequate for needs and poorly maintained; principal centers Alexandria and Cairo, secondary centers Al Man- surah, Ismailia, and Tanta; intercity connections by coaxial cable and microwave; extensive upgrading in progress; 500,000 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 22 AM, no FM, and 29 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; Symphonic satellite station; 2 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,724,000; 6,321,000 fit for military service; about 420,000 reach military age (20) annually EL SALVADOR LAND 21,400 km2; 32% cropland (9% corn, 5% cotton, 7% coffee, 11% other), 26% meadows and pastures, 31% nonagricul- tural, 11% forested Land boundaries: 515 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 307 km PEOPLE Population: 4,580,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Salvadoran(s); adjective-Salvadoran Ethnic divisions: 84%-88% mestizo; Indian and white minorities, 6%-8% each Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic, probably 97%-98% Language: Spanish Literacy: 50% literacy in urban areas, 30% in rural areas Labor force: 1,500,000 (est. 1977); 57% agriculture, 14% services, 14% manufacturing, 6% commerce, 9% other; shortage of skilled labor and large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation Organized labor: 5% of total labor force; 10% of nonagricultural labor force (1977) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of El Salvador Type: republic Capital: San Salvador Political subdivisions: 14 departments Legal system: based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of El Salvador; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: traditionally dominant executive, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court Government leader: President, Gen. Carlos Humberto ROMERO Mena Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legislative elections every 2 years; presidential elections every 5 years; presidential elections 1982, legisla- tive and municipal elections March 1980 Political parties and leaders: National Conciliation Party (PCN), President Arturo A. Molina, and replaced by Carlos 58 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Humberto Romero on 1 July; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Juan Ramirez Rauda, Dr. Pablo Mauricio Alvergue, Jose Napoleon Duarte; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Benjamin Wilfredo Navarrete, Roberto Quinonez Meza, Dr. Jose Antonio Guzman; Communist Party of El Salvador (PCES), illegal, Jorge Shafick Handal; National Revolution- ary Movement (MNR), Dr. Guillermo Manuel Ungo; National Democratic Union Party (PUDN), Communist Front, Jorge Shafick Handal, Francisco Roberto Lima, Julio Ernesto Contreras, Julio Castro Belloso; Independent Demo- cratic United Front (FUDI), Gen. Jose A. Medrano, Raul Salaverria Voting strength: February 1977 presidential election- PCN 66%, PDC, PUDN, and MNR coalition, 34%; March 1978 legislative election-PCN, 50 seats; PPS, 4 seats; all other opposition parties boycotted the election Communists: 220 to 225 active members; sympathizers, 5,000; several hundred members of radical terrorist groups Other political or pressure groups: the military; about 100 prominent families; General Confederation of Trade Unions (CGS); Unifying Federation of Salvadoran Trade Unions (FUSS), Communist dominated; Federation of Construction and Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONS- TRANS), independent; Catholic Church; Salvadoran Na- tional Association of Educators (ANDES); National Associ- ation of Private Enterprise (ANEP); National Democratic Organization (ORDEN) Member of: Central American Common Market (CACM), FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $2.6 billion (1977), $610 per capita; 70% private consumption, 11% government consumption, 19% domestic investment; real growth rate, 4.9% (1977) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, rice, beans; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1963-64) Fishing: catch 9,130 metric tons (1976) Major industries: food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products Electric power: 557,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 280 kWh per capita Exports: $968 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee, cotton, sugar Imports: $947 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, auto- motive vehicles, petroleum, foodstuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-33% U.S., 24% CACM, 11% other (1976); imports-29% U.S., 24% CACM, 7% Venezuela, 14% West Germany, 8% Netherlands, 40% other (1976) EL SALVADOR/EQUATORIAL GUINEA Aid: economic-(FY70-76) from U.s., ~60 million; from other Western countries, $36 million; military-from U.S., $10 million Budget: (1978) $500 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 colones=US$l (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 600 km 0.914-meter gage, single-tracked Highways: 7,250 km total; 1,500 km paved, 1,300 km gravel 4,400 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lempa River partially navigable Ports: 2 major (Acajutla, La Union), 1 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 160 total, 150 usable; 5 with permanent- surfaced runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: nationwide trunk radio relay sys- tem; connection into Central American microwave net; 54,200 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 60 AM, 9 FM, and 5 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 945,000; 580,000 fit for military service; 51,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $42.2 million; 8.4% of central government budget EQUATORIAL GUINEA LAND 27,972 km2; Rio Muni, about 25,900 km2, largely forested; Fernando Po, about 2,072 km2 Land boundaries: 539 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 296 km Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 PEOPLE Population: 339,000 (January 1979), this estimate does not take into account emigration from Equatorial Guinea during the last several years, average annual growth rate 1.8% (7-68 to 7-69); Rio Muni, 237,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (7-68 to 7-69); Fernando Po, 102,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-68 to 7-69) Nationality: noun-Equatorial Guinean(s); adjective- Equatorial Guinean Ethnic divisions: indigenous population of Province Macias Nguema Biyogo, primarily Bubi, some Fernaridinos; of Rio Muni primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish Religion: natives all nominally Christian and predomi- nantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained Language: Spanish official language of government and business; also pidgin English, Fang Literacy: 20% Labor force: most Equatorial Guineans involved in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea Type: republic, one-party presidential regime since 1968 Capital: Malabo, Province Macias Nguema Biyogo Political subdivisions: 2 provinces (Province Macias Nguema Biyogo and Rio Muni) Legal system: based on Spanish Civil law system and customary law, new constitution adopted August 1973; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 5 March Branches: there are legislative and judicial branches but President exercises virtually unlimited power Government leader: President for life, Masie Nguema Biyogo Negue Ndong Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: parliamentary elections held December 1973 Political parties and leaders: National Unity Party of Workers (PUNT) is the sole legal party, led by President Masic Communists: no significant number of Communists or sympathizers Member of: Conference of East and Central African States, ECA, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GNP: $70 million (1972); $240 per capita Agriculture: major cash crops-Rio Muni, timber, coffee; Fernando Po, cocoa; main food products-rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, and livestock Major industries: fishing, sawmilling Electric power: 5,000 kW capacity (1977); 17 million kWh produced (1977), 50 kWh per capita Exports: $36 million (1974); cocoa, coffee, and wood Imports: $20 million (1974); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products, textiles Major trade partner: Spain Budget: (1973) receipts $9 million, expenditures $12 million Monetary conversion rate: 68.85 Ekuele=US$1 (January 1977) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: Rio Muni-2,460 km, including approx. 185 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth; Fernando Po- 300 km, including 146 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth Inland waterways: Rio Muni has approximately 167 km of year-round navigable waterway, used mostly by pirogues Ports: 2 major (Macias Nguema Biyogo, Rey Malabo), 3 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft (leased in) Airfields: 5 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fairly adequate for the size and stage of development of the country; international commu- nications by radio from Bata and Malabo to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Spain; 1,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 2 AM stations, no FM stations, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 89,000; 44,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1970, $3,475,700; 14.3% of central government budget LAND 1,178,450 km2; 10% cropland and orchards, 55% meadows and natural pastures, 6% forests and woodlands, 29% wasteland, built-on areas, and other Land boundaries: 5,198 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; sedentary fisheries extends to limit of fisheries Coastline: 1,094 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 31,341,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Ethiopian(s); adjective-Ethiopian 60 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Ethnic divisions: Galla 40%, Amhara and Tigrai 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1 % Religion: 35%-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 40%-45% Mus- lims, 15%-20% animist, 5% other Language: Amharic official; many local languages and dialects; English major foreign language taught in schools Literacy: about 5% Labor force: 90% agriculture and animal husbandry; 10% government, military, and quasi-government Organized labor: All Ethiopian Trade Union formed January 1977 to represent 273,000 registered trade union members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ethiopia Type: under military rule since mid-1974; monarchy abolished in March 1975, but republic not yet declared Capital: Addis Ababa Political subdivisions: 14 provinces (also referred to as regional administrations) Legal system: complex structure with civil, Islamic, common and customary law influences; constitution sus- pended September 1974; military leaders-have promised a new constitution but established no time frame for its adoption; legal education at Addis Ababa University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Popular Revolution Commemoration Day, 12 September Branches: effective power exercised by Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), a group estimated at 40-100 officers and enlisted men which operates on committee system; predominantly civilian cabinet is ineffec- tual and holds office at suffrance of military; legislature dissolved September 1974; judiciary at higher levels based on WAWANX MINIM 7 Western pattern, at lower levels on traditional pattern, without jury system in either Government leader: Lieutenant Colonel Mengistu Haile- Mariam Chairman of the Provisional Military Administra- tive Council Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: union dwellers' association officials elected October-December 1976 Political parties and leaders: Common front of Ethiopian Marxist-Leninist organizations, encompassing five quasi- official groups-All-Ethiopian Socialist Movement (Me'I Sone), Revolutionary Flame (Seded), and three less impor- tant ones Communists: Ethiopian Communist Party is a small group opposed to military government Other political or pressure groups: important dissident groups include Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF), and Eritrean Liberation Front/Populan Liberation Forces in Eritrea; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP), a radical left under- ground movement concentrated in Addis Ababa and made up predominantly of students and intellectuals; it has been severely reduced by a recent government eradication campaign; and Ethiopian Democratic Union (EDU), primar- ily an exile group, although it has made some inroads inside Ethiopia; several other dissident groups with ethnic or provincial bases of support Member of: AFD13, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICO, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $2,891 million (1977 est.), $100 per capita; average annual real growth rate 4% (1967-73), zero (1974 and in 1975) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, teff, durra, barley, wheat, corn, sugarcane, cotton, pulses, oilseeds; livestock Major industries: cement, sugar refining, cotton textiles, food processing, oil refinery Electric power: 297,000 kW capacity (1977); 500 million kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $329 million (f.o.b., 1977); 75% coffee, 7% hides and skins, 6% pulses, 2% oilseeds Imports: $348 million (c.i.f., 1977); 18% petroleum Major trade partners: imports-Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, West Germany, Iran, U.K., France, and U.S.; exports-U.S., Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, West Germany Monetary conversion rate: 2.07 Ethiopian Birr=US$1 Fiscal year: 8 July-7 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,014 km total; 676 km meter gage (1.00 m), 32 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Indian Ocean Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 ETHIOPIA/FALKLAND ISLANDS km I.OJi7-meter gage, 306 km 0.95-meter gage; all single track Highways: 11,435 km total; 3,770 km bituminous, 7,665 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized earth, remainder earth Inland waterways: navigation possible on Lake Tana and on approx. 225 km of unconnected and basically unim- proved waterways, of which only 114 km are navigable year round Ports: 2 major (Assab, Massawa) Civil air: 19 major transport aircraft Airfields: 192 total, 178 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 48 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system composed of open-wire lines, radiocommunication stations, and small number of multiconductor cable and radio-relay links; principal center Addis Ababa, secondary center Asmara; 73,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 4 AM stations, no FM stations, and 1 TV station islands, chief of which are East Falkland (6,680 km2) and West Falkland (5,276 km2); dependencies-consists of the South Sandwich Islands, South Georgia, and the Shag and Clerke Rocks WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 1,288 km PEOPLE Population: 2,000 (official estimate for 31 December 1977) Nationality: noun-Falkland Islander(s); adjective-Falk- land Island Ethnic divisions: almost totally British Religion: predominantly Church of England Language: English Literacy: compulsory education up to age 14 Labor force: 1,100 (est.); est. over 95% in agriculture, mostly sheepherding DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,965,000; 3,734,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 324,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 6 July 1977, $104,445,000; 14.7% of central government budget FALKLAND ISLANDS (Islas Malvinas)' Atlantic Ocean FALKLAND ISLANDS LAND Colony-12,168 km2; area consists of some 200 small I The possession of the Falkland islands has been disputed by the U.K. and Argentina (which refers to them as the Islas Malvinas) since 1833. GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of the Falkland Islands Type: British crown colony Capital: Stanley Political subdivisions: local government is confined to capital Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor, Executive Council, Legislative Council Government leader: Governor and Commander in Chief J.R.W. Parker (also High Commissioner for British Antarctic Colony) Suffrage: universal ECONOMY Government budget: Colony-revenues, $1.0 million (FY68); expenditures, $1.1 million (FY68) Agriculture: Colony-predominantly sheep farming; de- pendencies-whaling and sealing Major industries: Colony-wool processing; depend- encies-whale and seal processing Electric power: 1,250 kW capacity (1977); 2.5 million kWh produced (1977), 1,150 kWh per capita Exports: Colony-$2.28 million (1969); wool, hides and skins, and other; dependencies-no exports in 1968 or 1969 Imports: Colony-$1.22 million (1969); food, clothing, fuels, and machinery; dependencies-$8,368 (1969); mineral fuels and lubricants, food, and machinery Major trade partners: nearly all exports to the U.K., also some to the Netherlands and to Japan; imports from Curacao, Japan, and the U.K. Aid: economic-Western (non-U.S.) countries, $13 million 62 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Monetary conversion rate: 1 Falkland Island pound= US$2.60 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 510 km total; 30 km paved, 80 km gravel, and 400 km Ports: 1 major (Port Stanley), 4 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 usable, 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: government-operated and radio- telephone networks providing effective service to almost all points on both islands; approximately 650 telephones (est. 30 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station FAROE ISLANDS LAND 1,340 km2; less than 5% arable, of which only a fraction cultivated; archipelago consisting of 18 inhabited islands and a few uninhabited islets WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; fishing 200 nm Coastline: 764 km PEOPLE Population: 43,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.4% (1-75 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Faroese (sing., pl.); adjective- Faroese Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Languages: Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish Literacy: 99% FALKLAND ISLANDS/FAROS ISLANDS Labor force: 15,000; largely engaged in fishing, manufac- turing, transportation, and commerce GOVERNMENT Legal name: Faroe Islands Type: self-governing province within the Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament Capital: Torshavn on the island of Streymoy Political subdivisions: 7 districts, 49 communes, 1 town Legal system: based on Danish law; Home Rule Act enacted 1948 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown, acting through appointed High Commissioner, and provin- cial parliament (Lagting) in matters' of strictly Faroese concern; executive power vested in Crown, acting through High Commissioner, but exercised by provincial cabinet responsible to provincial parliament Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minis- ter, Atli Dam; Danish Governor, Leif Groth Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years; next election 1981 (coincides with Danish elections) Political parties and leaders: Peoples, Hakim Djurhuus; Republican, Erlendur Patursson; Home Rule, Samuel Petersen; Progressive, Kjartan Mohr; Social Democratic, Atli Dam; Union, Kristian Djurhuus Voting strength (1975 election): Social Democratic 25.8%, Republican 22.5%, Peoples 20.5%, Union 19.1%, Home Rule 7.2%, Progressive 2.5% Communists: insignificant number Member of: Nordic Council ECONOMY GDP: $173.4 million (1974), about $4,340 per capita Agriculture: sheep and cattle grazing Fishing: catch 341,962 metric tons (1976); exports, $94.7 million (1976) Major industry: fishing Electric power: 28,500 kW capacity (1977); 90 million kWh produced (1977), 2,140 kWh per capita Exports: $104.4 million (f.o.b., 1976); mostly fish and fish products Imports: $130.7 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products Major trade partners: 50.2% Denmark, 13.7% Norway, 7.9% U.K., 7.2% U.S., 4.4% Italy (1976) Budget: (FY76) expenditures $52.8 million, revenues $52.8 million Monetary conversion rate: 6.0032 Danish Kroner=US$1 (1977, average) Fiscal year: calendar year beginning 1 January 1979 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 1 minor Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway, less than 1,220 m Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: good international communica- tions; fair domestic facilities; 15,000 telephones (35 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, and 3 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49 included with Denmark FIJI PAPUA ry-~ (V!_GU EA LAND 18,272 km2; landownership-83.6% Fijians, 1.7% Indians, 6.4% government, 7.2% European, 1.1% other; about 30% of land area is suitable for farming WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,129 km PEOPLE Population: 615,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Fijian(s); adjective-Fijian Ethnic divisions: 44% Fijian, 50% Indian, 6% European, Chinese and others Religion: Fijians mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu with a Muslim minority Language: English and Fijian (official), Hindustani spoken among Indians Literacy: over 80% Labor force: 95,000; over 50% in agriculture, no breakdown on remainder Organized labor: about 50% of labor force organized into 22 unions; unions organized along lines of work, breakdown by ethnic origin causes further fragmentation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of Fiji Type: independent state within Commonwealth; Eliza- beth II recognized as chief of state Capital: Suva Political subdivisions: 14 provinces Legal system: based on British National holiday: 10 October Branches: executive-Prime Minister; legislative- 52-member House of Representatives (Alliance Party 36 seats, National Federation Party 15 seats); 1 independent 22 member appointed Senate; judicial-Supreme court Government leader: Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years unless House dissolves earlier, last held September 1977 Political parties: Alliance, primarily Fijian, headed by Ratu Mara; National Federation, primarily Indian, headed by Jai Ram Reddy Communists: few, no figures available Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, EEC (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, U.N., UPU, WHO, WIPO ECONOMY GNP: $644 million (1975), $1,130 per capita; 5.8% real growth rate (1971-75) Agriculture: main crops-sugar, coconut products, ba- nanas, ginger, rice; major deficiency, grains Major industries: sugar processing, tourism Electric power: 90,000 kW capacity (1977); 270 million kWh produced (1977), 450 kWh per capita Exports: $187 million (f.o.b., 1977, including reexports); 70% sugar, 11% coconut oil, 9% gold Imports: $279 million (f.o.b., 1977); 20% manufactured goods, 19% food, 16% machinery, fuels, chemicals (1977) Major trade partners: U.K., New Zealand, U.S., Canada, Australia, Japan Aid: disbursed 1968-Australia $1.5 million, U.S. $0.6 million, U.K. $4.2 million Budget: (FY75) revenues $107 million, expenditures $129 million Monetary conversion rate: Fijian dollar=US$1.2119 (September 1978) 64 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 644 km narrow gage (0.610 m); owned by Fiji Sugar Corp., Ltd. Highways: 3,472 km total (1977); 346 km paved, 2,706 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 420 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 203 km; 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric ton barges Ports: 1 major, 6 minor Civil air: 1 DC-3 and 1 light aircraft Airfields: 15 total, 15 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-pur- pose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between U.S./Canada and New Zealand/Australia, et al.; 30,700 telephones (5.3 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 2 FM, and no TV stations; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 163,000; 91,000 fit for military service; 8,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: the defense of the Fiji Islands was the responsibility of the U.K. until 10 October 1970; military budget for 1971, $314,000 LAND 336,700 km2; 8% arable, 58% forested, 34% other Land boundaries: 2,534 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm; fishing 12 nm; Aaland Islands, 3 nm Coastline: 1,126 km (approx.) excludes islands and coastal indentations PEOPLE Population: 4,755,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.3% (1-77 to 1-78) Nationality: noun-Finn(s); adjective-Finnish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority Religion: 93% Evangelical Lutheran, 1% Greek Orthodox, 1% other, 5% no affiliation Language: Finnish 92%, Swedish 7%; small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2.2 million; 16.6% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 26,4% mining and manufacturing, 8.4% construc- tion, 15.4% commerce, 6.8% transportation and communica- tions, 4.0% banking and finance, 20.1% services; 6.1% (136,000) unemployed 1977 annual coverage Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Finland Type: republic Capital: Helsinki Political subdivisions: 12 provinces; 443 communes, 78 towns Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; constitution adopted 1919; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; legal education at Universities of Helsinki and Turku; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 6 December Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Eduskunta); executive power vested in President and exercised through cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 4 superior courts, 193 lower courts Government leader: President Urho K. Kekkonen; Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa Suffrage: universal, 18 years and over; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in 1979); presidential, every 6 years (President Kekkonen reelected to 6-year term in January 1978) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Kalevi Sorsa; Center, Johannes Virolainen; Peoples Democratic League (Communist front), Ele Alenius; Conservative, Harri Holker; Liberal, Jaakko Itala; Swedish Peoples Party, Par Stenback; Rural, Veikko Vennamo; Finnish People's Unity Party, Eino IIaikala; Communist, Aarne Saarinen Voting strength (1978 election): 23.3% Social Democratic, 19.5% Center, 18.2% People's Democratic League, 14.7% 65 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Unionist, 8.8% Christian League, 4.7% Finnish Rural Party, 3.6% Swedish Peoples, 3.4% Constitutional Peoples, 2.9% Liberal Peoples, 0.8% Finnish Peoples Unity Party, 0.1% Socialist Workers' Party Communists: 43,000; an additional 65,000 persons belong to Peoples Democratic League; a further number of sympathizers, as indicated by 438,757 votes cast for Peoples Democratic League in 1975 elections Member of: ADB, CEMA (special cooperation agree- ment), DAC, EC (free trade agreement), EFTA (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Coun- cil, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $29 billion (1977), $6,110 per capita; 53% consumption, 27% investment, 21% government; -1% net exports of goods and services; 1976 growth rate 0.3%, constant prices, 1977 growth rate -0.1% Agriculture: animal husbandry, especially dairying, pre- dominates; forestry important secondary occupation for rural population; main crops-cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient; shortages-food and fodder grains; caloric intake 2,940 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Major industries: include metal manufacturing and shipbuilding, forestry and wood processing (pulp, paper), copper refining Shortages: fossil fuels; industrial raw materials, except wood, and iron ore Crude steel: 1.7 million metric tons produced (1976), 360 kg per capita Electric power: 9,400,000 kW capacity (1977); 33.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 6,975 kWh per capita Exports: $7.7 billion (f.o.b., 1977); timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, iron and steel, clothing and footwear Imports: $7.6 billion (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics Major trade partners: (1976) 37% EC-nine (13% West Germany, 11% U.K.); 19% U.S.S.R., 16% Sweden; 5% U.S. Aid: economic authorizations-U.S. $64 million (FY70-76) Budget: (1976) expenditures $8.4 billion, revenues $7.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: new markka (Fmk) 4.03=US$1 (1977 average, IMF) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,038 km total; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total 6,010 km 1.524-meter gage, 477 km multiple track, and 608 km electrified; 22 km 0.750-meter gage and 6 km 1.524-meter gage are privately owned Highways: about 73,552 km total in national classified net work, including 31,000 km paved (bituminous, concrete, bituminous surface treated) and 42,552 km unpaved (stabilized gravel, gravel, earth); additional 29,440 km of private (state subsidized) roads Inland waterways: 6,597 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km suitable for steamers; Saimaa Canal locks (84 m by 13.2 m with a 5.2 m depth over sill) can accommodate vessels of up to 82 m in length, 11.8 m beam, 4.4 m draft, and 24.5 m mast height Pipelines: natural gas, 161 km Ports: 11 major, 14 minor Civil air: 41 major transport aircraft Airfields: 134 total, 132 usable; 36 with permanent- surface runways; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good telecom service from cable and radio-relay network; 1.94 million telephones (40.9 per 100 popl.); 15 AM, 40 FM, and 76 TV stations; 4 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,259,000; 1,022,000 fit for military service; 39,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, $520 million; about 4.8% of central government budget LAND 551,670 km2; 35% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 14% waste, urban, or other, 25% forested Land boundaries: 2,888 km 66 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,427 km (includes Corsica, 644 km) PEOPLE Population: 53,536,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Frenchman (men); adjective- French Ethnic divisions: 45% Celtic; remainder Latin, Germanic, Slav, Basque Religion: 83% Catholic, 2% Protestant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African workers), 13% unaffiliated Language: French (100% of population); rapidly declin- ing regional patois-Provencal, Breton, Germanic, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish Literacy: 97% Labor force: 22 million (est. in mid-1977); 47% services, 38% industry, 11% agriculture, 5% unemployed Organized labor: approximately 17% of labor force, 23% of salaried labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: French Republic Type: republic, with president having wide powers Capital: Paris Political subdivisions: 96 metropolitan departments, 21 regional economic districts Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; new constitution adopted 1958, amended concerning elec- tion of President in 1962; judicial review of administrative but not legislative acts; legal education at over 25 schools of law National holiday: National Day, 14 July Branches: presidentially appointed Prime Minister heads Council of Ministers, which is formally responsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature-National Assem- bly (491 members), Senate (295 members) restricted to a delaying action; judiciary independent in principle Government leader: President Valery Giscard d'Estaing Suffrage: universal over age 18; not compulsory Elections: National Assembly-every 5 years, last election March 1978, direct universal suffrage, 2 ballots; Senate- indirect collegiate system for 9 years, renewable by one-third every 3 years, last election September 1977; President, direct, universal suffrage every 7 years, 2 ballots, last election May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Majority Coalition-Rally for the Republic (RPR, formerly UDR), Jacques Chirac; Republicans (PR), Jacques Blanc; Center for Social Demo- crats (CDS), Jean Lecanuet; Radical Socialist (RS), Jean- Jacques Servan-Schreiber; Union for French Democracy (federation of PR, CDS, and RS), Jean Lecanuet; Left Opposition-Socialist Party (PS), Francois Mitterrand; Com- munist Party (PCF), Georges Marchais; Left Radical Movement (MRG), Michel Cregnan; Unified Socialist Party (PSU), Michel Mousel Voting strength (first ballot, 1978 election): extreme left, 3.3%; Communist, 21.25%; Socialist, 23.03%; left Radicals 2.28%; RPR, 22.19%; UDF, 21.39%; divided right, 1.68%; other 4.87% Communists: 600,000 claimed; Communist voters, 5 million average Other political or pressure groups: Communist-con- trolled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail) nearly 2.4 million members (claimed); Socialist leaning labor union (Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail- CFDT) about 800,000 members est.; Independent labor union (Force Ouvriere) about 800,000 members est.; Independent white collar union (Confederation Generale des Cadres) 200,000 members (claimed); National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais- CNPF or Patronat) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IFC, 1110, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-Interna- tional Whaling Commission, NATO (signatory), OAS (ob- server), OECD, South Pacific Commission, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $381 billion (1977), $7,150 per capita; 61.2% private consumption, 22.6% investment (including government), 15.8% government consumption; 1977 real growth rate, 2.4%; average annual growth rate, 4.8% (1966-76) Agriculture: Western Europe's foremost producer; main products-beef, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate zone foodstuffs; food shortages-fats and oils, tropical produce; caloric intake, 3,270 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 805,925 metric tons (1976); exports (includes shellfish, etc.) $122 million, imports $506 million (1976) Major industries: steel, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemicals, food processing, metallurgy, aircraft, motor vehicles Shortages: crude oil, textile fibers, most nonferrous ores, coking coal, fats and oils Crude steel: 22.1 million metric tons produced (1977), 410 kg per capita Electric power: 54,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 211 billion kWh produced (1977), 3,955 kWh per capita Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 FRANCE/FRENCH GUIANA Exports: $65.0 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, agri- cultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing, chemicals Imports: $70.5 billion (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- crude petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel products, foodstuffs, agricultural products Major trade partners: 18% West Germany; 9% Belgium- Luxembourg; 10% Italy; 6% U.S.; 5% Netherlands; 6% U.K.; 2% Eastern Europe; 2% U.S.S.R.; 8% Franc Zone (1977) Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $13,384 million (1970-76) Budget: (1977) expenditures 355 billion francs, revenues 336 billion francs, deficit 19 billion francs Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc:=US$0.2035 (1977 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 36,691 km total; French National Railways (SNCF) operates 34,717 km standard gage (1.435 m); 9,374 km electrified, 15,630 km double or multiple track; 1,974 km of various gages (1,000 m to 1,445 m), privately owned and operated Highways: 788,580 km total; 128,745 km bitumen and concrete (incl. 3,144 km of controlled access, divided "AUTOROUTES"); 339,315 km bituminous treated; 301,000 km crushed stone and gravel; 19,520 km improved earth; in addition, there are approximately 700,065 km of local farm and forest roads Inland waterways: 14,912 km; 5,604 km heavily traveled Pipelines: crude oil 2,253 km; refined products, 4,344 km; natural gas, 22,047 km Ports: 23 major, 165 minor Civil air: 300 major transport aircraft Airfields: 456 total, 437 usable; 223 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 31 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 122 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed system provides satisfactory telephone, telegraph, and radio and TV broad- cast services; 15.5 million telephones (29.3 per 100 popl.); 55 AM, 94 FM, and 1,500 TV stations; 22 submarine cables; 2 communication satellite ground stations with 4 Atlantic Ocean, and 2 Indian Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,246,000; fit for military service 10,695,000; 425,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, $17.6 billion; about 18% of proposed central government budget FRENCH GUIANA LAND 90,909 km,; 90% forested, 10% wasteland, built-on, inland water and other, of which .05% is cultivated and pasture Land boundaries: 1,183 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 378 km PEOPLE Population: 60,000 (January 1979), annual growth rate 2.2% (10-74 to 11-77) Nationality: noun-French Guianese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive-French Guiana Ethnic divisions: 95% Negro or mulatto, 5% caucasian, 10,000 East Indian, Chinese Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: French Literacy: 73% Labor force: 17,012 (1967 census); services 49%, construc- tion 21%, agriculture 18%, industry 8%, transportation 4%; information on unemployment unavailable Organized labor: 7% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Department of French Guiana Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and one senator in French Senate; Deputy Hector Rivierez reelected to National Assembly 12 March 1978 Capital: Cayenne Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements, 19 communes each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is Court of Appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana 68 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Branches: executive: prefect appointed by Paris;.legisla- tive: popularly elected 16-member General Council and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and of the locally elected deputy and senator to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Herve Bourseiller Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections normally are held every 5 years; last election March 1978 Political parties and leaders: Parti Socialiste Guyanais (PSG), Leopold Heder, Senator; Union du Peuple Guyanaisc (UPG), weak leftist allied with, but also reported, to have been absorbed by the PSG; Rassemblement Pour La Republique (RPR), Hector Rivierez, delegate to French National Assembly Communists: Communist party membership negligible ECONOMY GNP: $100 million (at market prices, 1975), $800 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugarcane Fishing: catch 1,113 metric tons (1976) Major industries: timber, rum, gold mining, production of rosewood essence, and space center Electric power: 29,000 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 1,000 kWh per capita Exports: $7.2 million (1977); shrimp, timber, rum, rosewood essence Imports: $143.4 million (1977); food (grains, processed meat), other consumer goods, producer goods, and petroleum Major trade partners: exports-78% U.S., 11% France, 5% Martinique; imports-49% France, 10% U.S., 3% Trinidad and Tobago (1969) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (FY70-76), from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $356 million, no military aid Monetary conversion rate: 4.92 French francs=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 32 km private plantation line, 0.600-meter gage Highways: 600 km total; 450 km paved, 150 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 460 km, navigable by small ocean- going vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km possibly navigable by native craft Ports: 1 major (Cayenne), 7 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 13 total, 10 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: limited open-wire and radio-relay system with about 8,906 telephones (17.8 per 100 pop].); 9 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,000; 10,000 fit for military service LAND About 4,000 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm Coastline: about 2,525 km PEOPLE Population: 143,000 (January 1979), annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-French Polynesian(s); adjective- French Polynesian Ethnic divisions: 78% Polynesian, 12% Chinese, 6% local French, 4% metropolitan French Religion: mainly Christian; 55% Protestant, 32% Catholic GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of French Polynesia Type: overseas territory of France, administered by French Ministry for Overseas Territories Capital: Papeete Political subdivisions: 5 districts Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Legal system: based on French; lower and higher courts Branches: 33-member Territorial Assembly, popularly elected; 5-member Council of Government, elected by Assembly; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris, also one Senator Government leader: Charles Schmitt, Governor, ap- pointed by French government Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years, May 1977 Political parties and leaders: Le Front Uni, autonomist coalition, Francis Sanford; Tahoeraa Hairaatira, conservative Gaullist, Gaston Flosse Voting strength (1977 election): Le Front Uni, 14 seats; Tahoerra Huiraatira, 10 seats; Independents, 9 seats ECONOMY GDP: $259 million (1970) $1,960 per capita Agriculture: coconut main crop Major industries: maintenance of French nuclear test base, tourism Electric power: 36,000 kW capacity (1977); 105 million kWh produced (1977), 750 kWh per capita Exports: $19 million (1973); principal products-coconut products (79%), mother-of-pearl (14%) (1971) Imports: $211 million (1973) Major trade partners: imports-59% France, 14% U.S.; exports-86% France Aid: France $16 million (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 100 CFP=INZ$ (1971) COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 3,700 km, all types Ports: 1 major, 6 minor Airfields: 32 total, 32 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Civil air: about 3 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: 14,700 telephones (11.3 per 100 popl.); 72,000 radio and 14,000 TV sets; 5 AM, 2 FM, and 6 TV stations; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of France. LAND 264,180 km2; 75% forested, 15% savanna, 9% urban and wasteland, less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 2,422 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 100 nm; fishing, 150 nm PEOPLE Population: 575,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.7% (7-66 to 7-70) Nationality: noun-Gabonese (sing., pl.); adjective- Gabonese Ethnic divisions: about 40 Bantu tribes, including 4 major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Mbede, Okande); about 100,000 expatriate Africans and Europeans, including 30,000 French Religion: 55% to 75% Christian, less than 1% Muslim, remainder animist Language: French official language and medium of instruction in schools; Fang is a major vernacular language Literacy: about 12% Labor force: about 280,000 of whom 74,000 are wage earners in the modern sector Organized labor: less than 30% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gabonese Republic Type: republic; one-party presidential regime since 1964 Capital: Libreville Political subdivisions: 9 provinces subdivided into 36 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Center of Higher and Legal Studies at Libreville; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted National holiday: 17 August Branches: power centralized in President, elected by universal suffrage for 7-year term; unicameral 70-member National Assembly has limited powers; judiciary 70 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Government leader: President El Hadi Omar Bongo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: Presidential and parliamentary elections last held February 1973 . Political parties and leaders: Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) led by President Bongo is only legal party Communists: no organized party; probably some Com- munist sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPEC, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $2,802 million (1977 est.), $4,990 per capita; 10% growth (1970-77) Agriculture: commercial-cocoa, coffee, wood, palm oil, rice; main food crops-bananas, manioc, peanuts, root crops; imports food Fishing: catch 6,056 metric tons (1975) Major industries: petroleum production, sawmills, petro- leum refinery, natural gas, agricultural processing; mining of increasing importance; major minerals-manganese, uran- ium, gold, and iron Electric power: 125,400 kW capacity (1977); 376 million kWh produced (1977), 670 kWh per capita Exports: $1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1977); crude petroleum, wood and wood products, minerals (manganese, uranium concen- trates, gold), coffee Imports: $831 million (c.i.f. est., 1977); excluding UDEAC trade; mining, roadbuilding machinery, electrical equip- ment, transport vehicles, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: France, U.S., West Germany, and Curacao; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone Aid: Western (non-U.S.) countries (1970-76), $387.6 million; Communist countries (1975), $25.0 million; U.S. (1970-76), $22.1 million; military-U.S. (1970-76), $2.0 million Budget: 1978 est.-receipts $1.0 billion, current expend- itures $500 million, investment expenditures $350 million Monetary conversion rate: 245.67 Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine francs=US$1 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 6,797 km total; 308 km paved, 5,589 km gravel and/or improved earth, 500 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: approximately 1,600 km perennially navigable Pipelines: crude oil, 129 km Ports: 3 major (Libreville, Port-Gentil, Owendo), 2 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 163 total, 101 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: system of open-wire, radio-relay, tropospheric scatter links and radiocommunication stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 5 AM, no FM, and 3 TV stations; 7,000 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 127,000; 64,000 fit for military service; 4,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $52,627,100; 5.1% of central government budget THE GAMBIA THE BanIul GAMBA GUINE LAND 10,360 kmz; 25% uncultivated savanna, 16% swamps, 4% forest parks, 55% upland cultivable areas, built-up areas, etc. Land boundaries: 740 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 80 km PEOPLE Population: 576,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Gambian(s); adjective-Gambian Ethnic divisions: over 99% Africans (Mandinka 40.8%, Fulani 13.5%, Wolof 12.9%, remainder made up of several smaller groups), fewer than 1% Europeans and Lebanese Religion: 85% Muslim, 15% animist and Christian Language: English official; Mandinka and Wolof most widely used vernaculars Literacy: about 10% Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 THE GAMBIA/GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Labor force: approx. 165,000, mostly engaged in subsist- ence farming; about 15,000 are wage earners (government, trade, services) Organized labor: 25% to 30% of wage labor force at most GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of The Gambia Type: republic; independent since February 1965 Capital: Banjul Political subdivisions: Banjul and 5 divisions Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution came into force upon independ- ence in 1965, new republican constitution adopted in April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: 18 February Branches: cabinet of 10 members; 44-member House of Representatives, in which 4 seats are reserved for chiefs, 4 are appointed, 35 are filled by election for 5-year terms, a Speaker is elected by the House, and the Attorney General is an appointed member; independent judiciary Government leader: Sir Alhaji Dawda Kairaba Jawara, President Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Secretary General Dawda K. Jawara, United Party (UP), John Forster, and National Convention Party, Sherrif Dibba Suffrage: universal adult Elections: general elections held April 1977; PPP 29 seats, NCP 5 seats, UP 1 seat Communists: insignificant number Member of: AFBD, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, IDA, IMF, NAM, OAU, U.N., WHO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $115 million (FY76-77 est.), about $210 per capita Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, rice, palm kernels Fishing: catch 10,795 metric tons (1975); exports $956,000 (1974) Major industry: peanut processing Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1977); 30 million kWh produced (1977), 50 kWh per capita Exports: $48 million (f.o.b. 1977); peanuts and peanut products 90% to 95%, palm kernels Imports: $66 million (f.o.b. 1977); textiles, foodstuffs, tobacco, machinery, petroleum products Major trade partners: exports-U.K. and France; im- ports-U.K. and Japan Aid: economic-Western (non-U.S.) countries (1970-76), $36.1 million; Communist countries (1970-76), $16.2 million; OPEC (ODA) (1973-76), $15.9 million; U.S. (1970-76), $8.3 million Budget: (FY77 est.) current expenditures $25 million, receipts $30 million; development expenditures $14 million, development receipts $7.2 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Dalasi=US$0.49 (September 1978) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,858 km total; 190 km bituminous-surface treated, 1,330 km gravel/laterite, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 605 km Ports: 1 major (Banjul) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 m; 1 seaplane station (non-operational) Telecommunications: adequate network of radio-relay; 2,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, 1 FM station, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 131,000; 66,000 fit for military service GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LAND 108,262 km'; 43% arable, 15% meadows and pasture, 27% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: 2,309 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 901 km (including islands) 72 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 PEOPLE Population: 16,783,000, including East Berlin (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-German Ethnic divisions: 99.7% German, .3% Slavic and other Religion: 53% Protestant, 8% Roman Catholic, 39% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics actively participate Language: German, small Sorb (West Slavic) minority Literacy: 99% Labor force: 8.2 million; 34.1% industry; 4.7% handi- crafts; 6.8% construction; 11.9% agriculture; 6.8% transport and communications; 10.1% commerce; 16.8% services; 2.5% other Organized labor: 87.7% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: German Democratic Republic Type: Communist state Capital: East Berlin (not officially recognized by U.S., U.K., and France, which together with the U.S.S.R. have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin) Political subdivisions: (excluding East Berlin) 14 districts (Bezirke), 218 counties (Kreise), 7,643 communities (Gemeinden) Legal system: civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution adopted 1974; court system parallels administrative divisions; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Berlin, Leipzig, Halle and Jena; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code adopted 1968, amended in 1974 National holiday: Foundation of German Democratic Republic, 7 October Branches: legislative-Volkskammer (elected directly); executive-Chairman of Council of State, Chairman of Council of Ministers, Cabinet (approved by Volkskammer); judiciary-Supreme Court; entire structure dominated by Socialist Unity (Communist) Party Government leaders: Chairman, Council of State, Erich Honecker (Head of State); Chairman, Council of Ministers, Willi Stoph (Premier) Suffrage: all citizens age 18 and over Elections: national every 5 years; prepared by an electoral commission of the National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters permitted to strike names off ballot; more candidates than offices available; parliamentary elections held 17 October 1976 Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Commu- nist) Party (SED), headed by General Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; 4 token parties (Christian Democratic Union, National Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, and Democratic Peasant's Party) and an amalgam of special interest organizations participate with the SED in National Front Voting strength: 1976 parliamentary elections: 99.86% voted the regime slate; 1970 local elections: 99.85% voted the regime slate Communists: 1.9 million party members Other special interest groups: Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union Federation, Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, German Cultural Federation (all Communist dominated) Member of: CEMA, ICES, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WTO GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC ECONOMY GNP: $69.2 billion in 1977 (1976 prices), $4,120 per capita; 1977 growth rate 4.0% Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats, industrial crops; shortages in grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (71) Fish catch: 210,000 metric tons (1977) Major industries: metal fabrication, chemicals, light industry, brown coal, and shipbuilding Shortages: coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals Crude steel: 7.00 million metric tons produced (1977, preliminary estimate), approx. 420 kg per capita Electric power: 17,882,000 kW capacity (1977); 92 billion kWh produced (1977), 5,500 kWh per capita Exports: $12.7 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1977) Imports: $14.3 billion, est. (f.o.b., 1977) Major trade partners: $25,200 million (1976); 65% Communist countries, 35% non-Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 3.48 DME=US$1 for trade data (1976 rate) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for the consumption year 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 14,215 km total; 13,906 km standard gage (1.435 m), 309 km meter (1.00 m) or other narrow gage, 2,971 km double track standard gage (1.435 m); 1,511 km overhead electrified (1977) Highways: 127,530 km total; 47,530 km concrete, asphalt, stone block, of which 1,679 km are autobahn and limited access roads; over 80,000 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone, and earth (1976) Inland waterways: 2,546 km (1978) Freight carried: rail-298.6 million metric tons, 52.1 billion metric ton/km (1977); highway-714.1 million Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC/GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF metric tons, 18.4 billion metric ton/km (1976); waterway- 14.0 million metric tons, 2.0 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l, transit traffic) (1977); approximately 1,410 waterway craft with 570,000 metric ton capacity (1978) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,075 km; refined products, 350 km; natural gas 483 km Ports: 4 major (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz), 13 minor; principal inland waterway ports are E. Berlin, Riesa, and.Magdeborg (1978) . DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, 11.6 billion marks; about 8.9% of total budget GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF LAND 248,640 km2 (including West Berlin); 33% cultivated, 23% meadows and pastures, 13% waste or urban, 29% forested, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 4,232 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,488 km (approx.) PEOPLE Population: 61,262,000, including West Berlin (January 1979), average annual growth rate -0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-German Ethnic divisions: 99% Germanic, 1% other Religion: 48.9% Protestant, 44.7% Roman Catholic, 7.7% other (as of 1975) Language: German Literacy: 99% Labor force: 26.7 million; 42.9% in manufacturing and construction, 18.0% services, .12% commerce, 9.9% govern- ment, 6.3% agriculture, 5.9% communication and transpor- tation, 1% mining; 4.2% average unemployed as of 1977, excluding self employed Organized labor: 32.6% of total labor force; 41.4% of wage and salary earners GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federal Republic of Germany Type: federal republic Capital: Bonn Political subdivisions: 10 Laender (states); Western sectors of Berlin are ultimately controlled by U.S., U.K., and France which, together with the U.S.S.R., have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Federal Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral parliament-Bundesrat (upper house), Bundestag (lower house); President (titular head of state), Chancellor (executive head of government); independent judiciary Government leaders: President, Walter Scheel; Chancel- lor, Helmut Schmidt leads coalition of Social Democrats and Free Democrats Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: next national election scheduled for fall of 1980 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU), Helmut Kohl, Franz-Josef Strauss, Karl Carstens, Kurt Biedenkopf; Social Democratic Party_ (SPD), Willy Brandt, Hans Koschnick, Helmut Schmidt; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Hans-Die- trich Genscher, Hans Friderichs, Wolfgang Mischnick; National Democratic Party (NPD), Martin Mussgnug; Communist Party (DKP), Herbert Mies Voting strength (1976 election): 42.6% SPD, 48.6% CDU/CSU, 7.9% FDP, 0.9% Splinter groups of left and right (no parliamentary representation) Communists: about 40,000 members and supporters Other political or pressure groups: expellee, refugee, and veterans groups Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $517.1 billion (1977), $8,400 per capita (1977); 56% consumption, 23% investment, 18% government consump- tion; net foreign balance 3% (distribution based on constant price series) 74 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Agriculture: main crops-grains, potatoes, sugar beets; 75% self-sufficient; food shortages-fats and oils, pulses, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,980 calories per day per capita (1975-76) Fishing: catch 394,452 metric tons, $155 million (1977); exports $130 million, imports $352 million (1977) Major industries: among world's largest producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, ships, vehicles Shortages: fats and oils, sugar, cotton, wool, rubber, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, nonferrous metals, sulfur Crude steel: 60 million metric tons capacity; 38.9 million metric tons produced (1977); 630 kg per capita Electric power: 78,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 335 billion kWh produced (1977), 5,445 kWh per capita Exports: $120 billion (f.o.b., 1977); manufactures 90.9% (machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 5.3%, fuels 2.1%, raw materials 1.7% Imports: $103 billion (c.i.f., 1977); manufactures 60.2%, fuels 8.1%, agricultural products 16.7%, raw materials 15.0% Major trade partners: EC 45.7% (France 11.8%, Nether- lands 11.3%, Belgium-Luxembourg 7.9%, Italy 7.6%); other Europe 12.7%; OPEC 9.4%; Communist economic 7.0%; U.S. 6.8%; (data include interzonal trade Aid: donor-(1970-76) bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $11,659 million Budget: (1977) expenditures $73.8 billion, revenues $64.1 billion, deficit $9.7 billion Monetary conversion rate: DM 2.32 (West German marks)=US$1 (1977 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 33,453 km total; 29,032 km government- owned, standard gage (1.435 m), 12,491 km double track; 9,760 km electrified; 4,421 km non-government owned; 3,997 km standard gage (1.435 m); 214 km electrified; 424 km meter gage (1.00 m); 186 km electrified Highways: 398,720 km total; 161,400 km classified, includes 153,160 km cement-concrete, bituminous, or stone block (includes 5,792 km of autobahnen); 8,240 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth; in addition, 237,320 km of unclassified roads of various surface types Inland waterways: 5,222 km of which almost 70% usable by craft of 990 metric-ton capacity or larger Pipelines: crude oil, 1,931 km; refined products, 1,942 km; natural gas, 95,414 km Ports: 10 major, 11 minor Civil air: 181 major transport aircraft (including 9 leased out) GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF/GHANA Airfields: 421 total, 382 usable; 213 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 33 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 40 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed, modern tele- communication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; 21.2 million telephones (34.4 per 100 popl.); 90 AM, 129 FM, and 2,350 TV stations; 6 submarine cables; satellite station with 1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas, and symphonic antenna DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 15,796,000; 13,054,000 fit for military service; 513,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, $19,130 million; about 18% of the proposed central government budget LAND 238,280 km2; 19% agricultural, 60% forest and brush, 21% other Land boundaries: 2,285 km WATER Coastline: 539 km Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm PEOPLE Population: 11,553,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Ghanaian(s); adjective-Ghanaian Ethnic divisions: 99.8% Negroid African (major tribes Ashanti, Fante, Ewe), 0.2% European and other Religion: 45% animists, 43% Christian, 12% Muslim Language: English official; African languages include Akan 44%, Mole-Dagbani 16%, Ewe 13%, and Ga-Adangbe 8% Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Literacy: about 25% (in English) Labor force: 3.4 million; 61% agriculture and fishing, 16.8% industry, 15.2% sales and clerical, 4.1% services, transportation, and communications, 2.9% professional; 400,000 unemployed Organized labor: 350,000 or approximately 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ghana Type: republic; independent since March 1957; Military regime since January 1972 Capital: Accra Political subdivisions: 8 administrative regions and separate Greater Accra Area; regions subdivided into 58 districts and 267 local administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution suspended January 1972; new constitution being prepared for civilian rule in July 1979; legal education at University of Ghana (Legon); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 March Branches: executive and legislative authority vested in Supreme Military Council (SMC); independent judiciary Government leader: Chief of State, Chairman of SMC, Lt. Gen. Frederick W. K. Akuffo Suffrage: universal over 21 under previous constitution, now suspended Elections: no elections since 1969; the military has promised to return power to an elected civilian regime in July 1979 Political parties and leaders: parties banned by military junta which took power 13 January 1972 Communists: a small number of Communists and sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (aluminum regularly excluded from balance of payments data) Imports: $845 billion (c.i.f., 1976); textiles and other manufactured goods, food, fuels, transport equipment Major trade partners: U.K., EC, and U.S. Budget: FY78 (proposed)-revenue $1,619 million includ- ing grants, current expenditure $1,570 million, capital expenditure $487 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cedi=US$0.87 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 953 km, all 1.067-meter gage; 32 km double track; diesel locomotives gradually replacing steam engines Highways: 32,200 km total; 4,524 km concrete or bituminous surface, 27,676 km gravel or laterite, 9,242 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers provide 235 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; additional routes navigable seasonally by small craft; Lake Volta reservoir provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways Pipelines: refined products, 3 km Ports: 2 major (Tema, Takoradi), 1 naval base (Sekondi), 4 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft Airfields: 19 total, 18 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: fair system of open-wire and cable, radio-relay links and radiocommunication stations; 66,000 telephones (0.7 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, no FM, and 8 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,351,000; 1,309,000 fit for military service; 130,000 reach military age (18) annually ECONOMY GNP: $8 billion (1976 est.) at current prices, about $790 per capita; real growth rate less than 1% (1970-77) Agriculture: main crop-cocoa; other crops include root crops, corn, sorghum and millet, peanuts; not self-sufficient, but can become so Fishing: catch 237,697 metric tons (1976 est.) Major industries: mining, lumbering, light manufactur- ing, fishing, aluminum Electric power: 1,157,000 kW capacity (1977); 4.0 billion kWh produced (1977), 390 kWh per capita Exports: $804 billion (f.o.b., 1976); cocoa (about 70%), wood, gold, diamonds, manganese, bauxite, and aluminum LAND 6.5 km2 Land boundaries: 1.6 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 12 km PEOPLE Population: 30,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1977) Nationality: noun-Gibraltarian; adjective-Gibraltar Ethnic divisions: mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portu- guese and Spanish descent 76 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 rung Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for all official purposes Literacy: illiteracy is negligible Labor force: approx. 14,800, including non-Gibraltarian laborers Organized labor: over 6,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gibraltar Type: U.K. colony Capital: none Legal system: English law; constitutional talks in July 1968; new system effected in 1969 after electoral enquiry Branches: parliamentary system comprised of the Gibral- tar House of the Assembly (15 elected members and 3 ex officio members), the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, and the Gibraltar Council; the Governor is appointed by the Crown Government leaders: Governor and Commander in Chief, Marshall of the RAF Sir John Grandy, Chief Minister, Sir Joshua Hassan Suffrage: all adult Gibraltarians, plus other U.K. subjects resident 6 months or more Elections: every 5 years; last held in September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Labor, Sir Joshua Hassan; Democratic Movement, Joe Boscano Voting strengths: (September 1976) Labor, 8 seats; Democratic Movement, 4 seats; independents, 3 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: the Housewives Association; the Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Repre- sentatives Organization ECONOMY Economic activity in Gibraltar centers on commerce and large British naval and air bases; nearly all trade in the well-developed port is transit trade and port serves also as important supply depot for fuel, water, and ships' wares; recently built dockyards and machine shops provide maintenance and repair services to 3,500-4,000 vessels that call at Gibraltar each year. U.K. military establishments and civil government employ nearly half the insured labor force; local industry is confined .to manufacture of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer, and canned fish; some factories for manufacture of clothing are being developed; a small segment of local population makes its livelihood by fishing; in recent years tourism has increased in importance. Electric power: 40,000 kW capacity (1977); 80 million kWh produced (1977), 2,760 kWh per capita Exports: $23.87 million (1975-76), at exchange rate of 1 pound=US$2.22; principally rexports of tobacco, petroleum, and wine; 13% to U.K. Imports: $60.0 million (1975-76), at exchange rate of 1 pound=US$2.22; 60% from U.K. Major trade partners: U.K., Morocco, Portugal, Nether- lands Budget: (1975-76) revenue, $26.22 million; expenditure $22.91 million, at exchange rate of 1 pound=US$2.22 Monetary conversion rate: I Gibraltar pound= US$1.8062 (1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 56 km, mostly paved Ports: 1 major (Gibraltar) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft (leased in) Airfields: 1 permanent-surface runway, 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: international radiocommunication facilities; automatic telephone system serving 8,100 tele- phones (27.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 8,000; about 4,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of United Kingdom GILBERT ISLANDS NOTE: On October 1, 1975, by Constitutional Order, the Ellice Islands were formally separated from the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands, thus forming the new colony of Tuvalu. The remaining islands in the former Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony were renamed the Gilbert Islands. Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 77 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 APU N (NEA UNITED STUTES The islands that comprise the Gilbert Islands Colony are the Gilbert Islands; Fanning Atoll and Washington Island in the Line Islands; Ocean Island; and those islands claimed by the United States: Caroline, Christmas, Flint, Malden, Starbuck, and Vostok in the Line Islands; and Birnie, Gardner, Hull, McKean, Phoenix, and Sydney in the Phoenix Islands. LAND About 684 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: about 1,143 km PEOPLE Population: 52,000 (preliminary total from census of 8 December 1973) Nationality: noun-Gilbertese or Gilbert Islander(s); adjective-Gilbertese, or Gilbert Islander Ethnic divisions: Micronesian Religion: Catholic Literacy: less than 50% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gilbert Islands Type: British crown colony with large measure of self-government Capital: Tarawa Branches: 37-member House of Assembly elects a Chief Minister Government leader: Governor John H. Smith; Chief Minister, Naboua Ratieta Political parties and leaders: Gilbertese National Party, Christian Democratic Party Member of: ADB GILBERT ISLANDS ECONOMY GDP: $740 per capita (1974) Agriculture: copra, subsistence crops of vegetables, supplemented by domestic fishing Industry: phosphate production, expected to cease in 1978 Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1977); 45 million kWh produced (1977), 820 kWh per capita Exports: $8.6 million (1970 est.); 70% phosphate, copra Imports: $3.1 million (1970 est.); foodstuffs, fuel Budget: (est.) revenue 5.877 million NZ$, expenditure 4.577 million NZ$ Monetary conversion rate: 0.80 Australian$=US$l March 1976 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 483 km of motorable Inland waterways: small network km, in Northern Line Islands Ports: 1 minor Civil air: 2 Trislanders, however, aircraft Telecommunications: roads of canals, totaling 5 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl. ) LAND 132,608 km2; 29% arable and land under permanent crops, 40% meadows and pastures, 20% forested, 11% wasteland, urban, other Land boundaries: 1,191 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm Coastline: 13,676 km GREECE 78 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 PEOPLE Population: 9,372,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.6% (7-67 to 7-77.) Nationality: noun-Greek(s); adjective-Greek Ethnic divisions: 96% Greek, 2% Turkish, 2% other Religion: 97% Greek Orthodox, 2.5% Muslim, 0.5% other Language: Greek; English and French widely understood Literacy: males about 92%; females about 73%; total about 82% Labor force: 3,400,000 (1975 est.); 40.5% agriculture, 25.6% industry, 33.7% services; unemployment 3%, but there is substantial underemployment in agriculture Organized labor: 20% of labor force est. GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hellenic Republic Type: presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8 December 1974 Capital: Athens Political subdivisions: 52 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition and influence which prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government. The departments of Macedonia and Thrace exercise some degree of autonomy from Athens since they are governed through the Ministry of Northern Greece. Legal system: new constitution enacted in June 1975 National holiday: Independence Day, 25 March Branches: executive consisting of a President (to be elected by the Vouli parliament) and a Prime Minister and cabinet; legislative comprising the 300-member Vouli; independent judiciary Government leaders: President Konstandinos Tsatsos; Prime Minister Konstandinos Karamanlis Suffrage: universal age 20 and over Elections: every 4 years; the government called for new elections on 20 November 1977 and was returned to power, albeit with a reduced majority Political parties and leaders: Democratic Center Union, Georgios Mavros; New Democracy, Konstandinos Karaman- lis; Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Andreas Papandreou; Communist Party-Exterior, Kharilaos Florakis; Communist Party-Interior, Kharalambos Drakopoulos; United Demo- cratic Left, Ilias Iliou; Socialist Initiative, Georgios Mangakis; Socialist March; Christian Democracy; Nationalist Camp, Stefanos Stefanopoulos Voting strength: New Democracy, 172 seats; Democratic Center Union, 15 seats; Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 93 seats; Communists, 11 seats; The Alliance (leftist), 2 seats; National Camp, 5 seats; Neoliberals, 2 seats Communists: an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers Member of: EC (associate), EIB (associate), EMA, GATT, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $26.7 billion (1977 est.), $2,920 per capita; 65.7% consumption, 22.7% investment, 15.5% government; 1.9% change in stocks; net foreign balance -5.8%; real growth rate 4.0% (1977) Agriculture: main crops-wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton; nearly self-sufficient; food shortages-livestock products Major industries: food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products Shortages: petroleum, minerals, feed grains Crude steel: 899,750 metric tons produced (1976), 100 kg per capita Electric power: 4,800,000 kW capacity (1977); 18 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,945 kWh per capita Exports: $2,756 million (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- tobacco, cotton, fruits, textiles Imports: $6,853 million (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- machinery and automotive equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, manufactured consumer goods, chemi- cals, meat and live animals Major trade partners: (1976)-41.6% EC, 9.2% CEMA countries, 8.0% other European countries, 16.6% U.S. Aid: economic (authorized)-U.S., $139 million (FY70-76); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $649 million (1970-76); military-U.S., $672 million (FY70-76) Budget: (1978) expenditures $8.2 billion, revenues $6.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 drachma=US$0.027 (1977 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,476 km total; 1,565 km standard gage (1.435 m) of which 36 km electrified and 100 km double track, 889 km meter gage (1.000 m), 22 km narrow gage (0.750 m); all government-owned Highways: 38,938 km total; 16,090 km paved, 13,676 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,632 km improved earth, 3,540 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: system consists of 3 coastal canals and 3 unconnected rivers which provide navigable length of just less than 80 km Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Pipelines: crude oil, 26 km, refined products, 547 km Ports: 17 major, 37 minor Airfields: 70 total, 66 usable; 48 with permanent-surface runways; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 33 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Telecommunications: adequate modern networks reach all areas on mainland and islands; 2.18 million telephones (23.1 per 100 popl.); 31 AM, 30 FM, and 34 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 satellite station with 1 Atlantic Ocean antenna and 1 Indian Ocean antenna DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,156,000; 1,648,000 fit for military service; about 76,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $1,610 million; about 20% of central government budget GREENLAND LAND 2,175,600 km'; less than 1% arable (of which only a fraction cultivated), 84% permanent ice and snow, 15% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 44,087 km (approx., includes minor islands) PEOPLE Population: 50,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.2% (1-75 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Greenlander(s); adjective-Green- land Ethnic divisions: 86% Greenlander (Eskimos and Green- land-born whites), 14% Danes Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Language: Danish, Eskimo dialects Literacy: 99% Labor force: 12,000; largely engaged in fishing and sheep breeding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Greenland Type: province of Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament; separate Minister for Greenland in the Danish cabinet Capital: Godthaab (administrative center) Political subdivisions: 3 counties, 19 communes Legal system: Danish law; transformed from colony to province in 1953; due for home rule in spring 1979 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and Danish parliament; executive power vested in Crown, acting through provincial governor responsible to Minister for Greenland; local affairs handled by provincial council (Landsrad) subject to approval of provincial governor; 19 lower courts Government leader: Queen Margrethe II, Governor Hans Lassen Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years (next 1981-coincides with Danish elections) Political parties: Inuit (advocating close ties with Denmark); Sukaq (moderate socialist, advocating more distinct Greenland identity); Siumut (a more radical party advocating greater autonomy from Denmark) ECONOMY GNP: included in that of Denmark Agriculture: arable areas largely in hay; sheep grazing; garden produce Fishing: catch 44,675 tons (1976); exports $39.8 million (1976) Major industries: mining, slaughtering, fishing, sealing Electric power: 57,500 kW capacity (1977); 120 million kWh produced (1977), 2,355 kWh per capita Exports: $85.4 million (f.o.b., 1976); fish and fish products, metallic ores and concentrates Imports: $128.7 million (c.i.f., 1976); petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and transport equipment, food products Major trade partners: (1976) Denmark 76.4%, Finland 5.8%, U.S. 4.9%, West Germany 3.0%, France and Monaco 2.7% 80 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Monetary conversion rate: 6.0032 Danish Kroner=US$1 (1977, average) Fiscal year: calendar . year beginning 1 January 1979 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 80 km Ports: 7 major, 16 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft (registered in Denmark) Airfields: 11 total, 6 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 w:01 runways 1,220-2,439 m; 7 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and interna- tional service provided by cables and radio relay; 9,000 telephones (17.0 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, 6 FM, and 2 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included with Den- mark GRENADA LAND 344 km2 (Grenada and southern Grenadines); 44% 12% forests, 4% pastures ltivated 17% unused but , , cu potentially productive, 23% built on, wasteland, other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 106,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.4% (4-70 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Grenadian(s); adjective-Grenadian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African-Negro descent Religion: Church of England; other Protestant sects; Roman Catholic Language: English; some French patois Literacy: unknown Labor force: 27,314 (1960); 40% agriculture, 30% unemployed or underemployed Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Grenada Type: independent state since February 1974, recognizes Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: St. Georges Political subdivisions: 6 parishes Legal system: based on English common law National holiday: Independence Day, 7 February Branches: legislative branch consists of 15-member elected House of Representatives and 13-member Senate appointed by the Governor; executive branch is cabinet led by Prime Minister Government leaders: Prime Minister Sir Eric Matthew Gairy; U.K. Governor General Sir Leo V. deGale Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years; most recent general election 7 December 1976 Political parties and leaders: Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Eric Matthew Gairy; Peoples Alliance-a coalition consisting of the New Jewel Movement (NJM), Maurice Bishop; United People's Party (UPP), Winston Whyte; Grenada National Party (GNP), Herbert A. Blaize Voting strength (1976 election): GULP 51.7%, Peoples Alliance, 48.3%; Legislative Council seats, GULP 9, Peoples Alliance 6 (NJM 3, UPP 1, GNP 1, unaffilated 1) Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM, G-77, IMF, OAS, SELA, U.N. ECONOMY GDP: $54 million (in current prices, 1977), $500 per capita; real growth rate 1977, 5.8% Agriculture: main crops-spices, cocoa, bananas Electric power: 7,000 kW capacity (1977); 25 million kWh produced (1977), 230 kWh per capita Exports: $13 million (f.o.b., 1977); nutmeg, cocoa beans, bananas, mace Imports: $32 million (c.i.f., 1977); food, machinery, building materials Major trade partners: exports-33% U.K., 19% West Germany, 13% Netherlands; imports-27% West Indies, 27%o U.K., 9% U.S. (1976) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-76), from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $37.5 million; from OPEC, $1.2 million; no military aid. Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Budget: (est. 1978) revenues, $18 million; expenditures, $28 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dollars= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,000 km total; 600 km paved, 300 km otherwise improved; 100 km unimproved Ports: 1 major (St. Georges), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: automatic, islandwide telephone system with 5,100 telephones (4.5 per 100 pop].); VHF and UHF links to Trinidad and Carriacou; 3 AM stations GUADELOUPE DOMINICAN ; EPUBIIC PUERTO iRIC0 GUADELOUPE c LAND 1,779 km'; 24% cropland, 9% pasture, 4% potential cropland, 16% forest, 47% wasteland, built on; area consists of two islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 306 km PEOPLE Population: 324,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.3% (10-67 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Guadeloupian(s); adjective-Guade- loupe Ethnic divisions: 90% Negro or Mulatto, less than 5% East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese, 5% Caucasian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, creole patois Literacy: over 70% Labor force: 120,000; 25% agriculture, 25% unemployed Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Department of Guadeloupe Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate; last deputy election, 12 March 1978 Capital: Basse-Terre Political subdivisions: 3 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legisla- tive, popularly elected General Council of 36 members and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdic- tion of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Jean Claude Aurousseau Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections are held normally every 5 years; last General Council election took place in March 1978 Political parties and leaders: Rassemblement Pour la Republique (RPR), Gabriel Lisette; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG), Henri Bangou; Socialist Party (MSG), leader unknown; Progressive Party of Guadeloupe (PPG), Henri Rodes; Independent Republicans; Federation of the Left Voting strength: MSG, 1 seat in French National Assembly; UDG, 2 seats; (1973 election) Communists: 3,000 est. Other political or pressure groups: Group of National Organization of Guadeloupe (GONG) ECONOMY GDP: $470 million (1975), $1,340 per capita; real growth rate (1975) 1.4% Agriculture: main crops, sugarcane and bananas Major industries: agricultural processing, sugar milling and rum distillation Electric power: 50,000 kW capacity (1977); 200 million kWh produced (1977), 610 kWh per capita Exports: $90 million (f.o.b., 1976); sugar, fruits, and vegetables, bananas 82 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Imports: $309 million (c.i.f., 1976); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum Major trade partners: exports-71% France, 17%. U. S., 7% Germany, 5% other; imports-70% France, 9% U.S., 3% Germany, 3% Netherlands Antilles, 3% Netherlands, 12% other (1968) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (FY70-76), from Western (non-US) countries, $1.2 billion; no military aid Monetary conversion rate: 4.75 French francs= US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: privately owned, narrow-gage plantation lines Highways: 3,500 km total; 2,200 km paved, 1,300 km gravel and earth Ports: 1 major (Pointe-a-Pitre), 3 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft (leased in) Airfields: 8 total, 8 usable, 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: domestic facilities inadequate; 26,800 telephones (7.9 per 100 popl.); interisland VHF radio links; 2 AM and 3 TV transmitters DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included with France GUATEMALA Gulf of Mexico Caribbean Sea GUA MALA ---.. E SALVADOR LAND 108,880 km2;. 14% cultivated, 10% pasture, 57% forest, 19% other Land boundaries: 1,625 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 400 km PEOPLE Population: 6,716,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.9% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Guatemalan(s); adjective-Guatema- lan Ethnic divisions: 41.4% Indian, 58.6% Ladino (mestizo and westernized Indian) Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: Spanish, but over 40% of the population speaks an Indian language as a primary tongue Literacy: about 30% Labor force (1974): 1.8 million; 52.5% agriculture, 10.1% manufacturing, 21.7% services, 7.9% commerce, 3.9% construction, 2.1% transport, 0.7% mining, 1.2% electrical, 0.8% other. Unemployment estimates vary from 3% to 25% Organized labor: 6.4% of labor force (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guatemala Type: republic Capital: Guatemala Political subdivisions: 22 departments Legal system: civil law system; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of San Carlos of Guatemala; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: traditionally dominant executive; elected uni- cameral legislature; 7-member (minimum) Supreme Court Government leader: President Brig. Gen. Fernando Romeo LUCAS Garcia Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory for literates, optional for illiterates Elections: next elections (President and Congress) 1982 Political parties and leaders: Democratic Institutional Party (PID), Donaldo Alvarez Ruiz; Revolutionary Party (PR), Jorge Garcia-Granados Quinonez (secretary general); National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario Sandoval Alarcon; Guatemalan Christian Democratic Party (DCG), Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo (sec. gen.); Rene de Leon Schlotter (honorary President and party strongman); several unregis- tered parties Voting strength: (1978) for President-PID/PR, 269,973 (42.3%); MLN, 211,393 (33.1%); DCG, 156,730 (24.6%); for congressional seats-PID/PR, 34 seats; MLN, 20 seats; DCG, 7 seats Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 83 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Communists: Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT) outlawed; underground membership estimated at 750 Other political or pressure groups: several personalist political associations seeking registration as parties Member of: CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO ' ECONOMY GNP: $5,445 million (1977 est.), $880 per capita; 77% private consumption, 6% government consumption, 19% domestic investment (1977), -2% net foreign balance (1976); average annual real growth rate (1971-77), 5.8% Agriculture: main products-coffee, cotton, corn, beans, sugarcane, bananas, livestock; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: catch 3,653 metric tons (1976); exports $2.6 million (1973), imports $0.7 million (1973) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, nonmetallic minerals, metals Electric power: 365,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 240 kWh per capita Exports: $782 million (f.o.b., 1976); coffee, cotton, sugar, bananas, meat Imports: $839 million (c.i.f., 1976); manufactured prod- ucts, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels Major trade partners: exports (1974)-34% U.S., 28% CACM, 11% West Germany, 5% Japan; imports (1974)- 31% U.S., 17% CACM, 12% Venezuela, 9% Japan, 8% West Germany Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-76), $129 million loans, $236 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $246 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $12.3 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $41 million Central government budget (1978 est.): expenditures, $943 million; revenues, $943 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 quetzal=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 947 km, 0.914-meter gage, single-tracked; 832 km government-owned, 115 km privately owned Highways: 25,500 km total; 2,750 km paved, 11,350 km gravel, and 11,400 km earth Inland waterways: 260 km navigable year-round; addi- tional 730 km navigable during high-water season Pipelines: crude oil, 48 km Ports: 2 major (Puerto Barrios, Santo Tomas de Castilla), 3 minor Airfields: 470 total, 469 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: modern telecom facilities limited to Guatemala City; 58,500 telephones (0.9 per 100 popl.); 97 AM, 20 FM, and 5 TV stations; connection into Central American microwave net DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,529,000; 998,000 fit for military service; about 69,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $58.5 million; 6.2% of central government budget LAND 246,050 km2; 3% cropland, 10% forest Land boundaries: 3,476 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 130 nm Coastline: 346 km PEOPLE Population: 5,973,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Guinean(s); adjective-Guinean Ethnic divisions: 99% African (3 major tribes-Fulani, Malinke, Susu; and 15 smaller tribes) Religion: 75% Muslim, 25% animist, Christian, less than 1% Language: French official; each tribe has own language Literacy: 5% to 10%; French only significant written language 84 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Labor force: 1.8 million, of whom less than 10% are wage earners; most of population engages in subsistence agricul- ture Organized labor: virtually 100% of wage labor force loosely affiliated with the National Confederation of Guinean Workers, which is closely tied to the PDG GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea Type: republic; under one-party presidential regime Capital: Conakry Political subdivisions: 29 administrative regions, 209 arrondissements, about 8,000 local entities at village level Legal system: based on French civil law system, customary law, and presidential decree; constitution adopted 1958; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 2 October Branches: executive branch dominant, with power concentrated in President's hands and a small group who are both ministers and members of the party's politburo; unicameral National Assembly and judiciary have little independence Government leader: President Ahmed Sekou Toure, who has been designated "The Supreme Leader of the Revolution" Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: approximate schedule-5 years parliamentary, latest in 1975; 7 years presidential, latest in 1975 Political parties and leaders: only party is Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), headed by Sekou Toure Communists: no Communist party, although there are some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, ECONOMY GNP: $1.1 billion (1977 est.), $240 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, bananas, palm products, peanuts, and pineapples; staple food crops-cassava, rice, millet, corn, sweet potatoes; livestock raised in some areas Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina, light manu- facturing and processing industries Electric power: 101,500 kW capacity (1977); 500 million kWh produced (1977), 110 kWh per capita Exports: $330 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); bauxite, alumina, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels Imports: $280 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); petroleum products, metals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: Communist countries, Western Europe (including France), U.S. Budget: (FY77 est.) current revenue $238 million, current expenditures $176 million Monetary conversion rate: 21.25 syli=US$1 floating (end 1977) Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 805 km meter gage (1.00 m), 8 km standard gage Highways: 7,604 km total; 4,949 km paved, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,795 km; 500 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels, 1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft steamers and barges Ports: 1 major (Conakry), 3 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 17 total, 16 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane landing areas Telecommunications: inadequate system of openwire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and 1 radio-relay link; principal center Conakry, secondary center Kankan; 8,300 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,328,000; 667,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1970 (latest information available), $6,073,000; 8.0% of central government budget GUINEA-BISSAU (formerly Portuguese Guinea) LAND 36,260 km2 (includes Bijagos archipelago) Land boundaries: 740 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 150 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 274 km PEOPLE Population: 625,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Guinean(s); adjective-Guinean Ethnic divisions: about 99% African (Balanta 30%, Fulani 20%, Mandyako 14%, Malinke 13%, and 23% other tribes); less than 1% European and mulatto Religion: 66% animist, 30% Muslim, 4% Christian Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Language: Portuguese and numerous African languages Literacy: 3% to 5% Labor force: 90% of economically active population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea-Bissau Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in September 1974; constitution promulgated 1974 Capital: Bissau Political subdivisions: 9 municipalities, 3 circumscrip- tions (predominantly indigenous population) Legal system: to be determined National holiday: 12 September Branches: National Popular Assembly to be elected for three-year term; Council of State Commissars, 16 members; the official party is the supreme political institution. Government leaders: President of Council of State and Chief of State is Luis de Almeida Cabral; Principal Commissioner (Head of Government), Maj. Joao Bernardo Vieira; Secretary General of the Official party, Aristides Pereira Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristide Pereira, only legal party Communists: a few Communists, some sympathizers Member of: G-77, NAM, OAU, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GDP: $112 million (est. 1975), $230 per capita Agriculture: main crops-palm oil, root crops, rice, coconuts, peanuts Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1977); 17 million kWh produced (1977), 30 kWh per capita Exports: $11 million (f.o.b., 1977); principally peanuts, coconuts, shrimp, fish, wood Imports: $31 million (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs, manufac- tured goods, fuels, transport equipment Major trade partners: mostly Portugal, also immediate neighbors Monetary conversion rate: using Portuguese currency; 40.643 escudos=US$1 (November 1977) Fiscal year: probably is the calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: approx. 3,218 km (418 km bituminous, remainder earth) Inland waterways: 1,600 km Ports: 1 major (Bissau), 2 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 60 total, 59 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: limited system of open-wire lines and radiocommunication stations; 2,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 1 FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES: Military manpower: males 15-49, 125,000; 69,000 fit for military service LAND 214,970 km'; 1% cropland, 3% pasture, 8% savanna, 66% forested, 22% water, urban, and waste Land boundaries: 2,575 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) 86 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 PEOPLE Population: 818,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Guyanese (sing., pl.); adjective- Guyanese Ethnic divisions: 51% East Indians, 43% Negro and Negro mixed, 4% Amerindian, 2% white and Chinese Religion: 57% Christian, 33% Hindu, 9% Muslim, 1% other Language: English Literacy: 86% Labor force: 242,000 (1975); 29% agriculture, 31% manufacturing/mining, 40% services; 21% unemployed Organized labor: 34% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cooperative Republic of Guyana Type: republic within Commonwealth Capital: Georgetown Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 23 February Branches: Council of Ministers presided over by Prime Minister; 53-member unicameral legislative National Assem- bly (elected); Supreme Court Government leader: Prime Minister L. F. S. Burnham; President Arthur Chung Suffrage: universal over age 18 as of constitutional amendment August 1973 Elections: last held in July 1973; results of government sponsored referendum, held 10 July 1978, postponed required elections and empowered ruling party to draft a new constitution Political parties and leaders: People's National Congress (PNC), L. F. S. Burnham; People's Progressive Party (PPP), Cheddi Jagan; United Force (UF), Feilden Singh Voting strength (1973 election): 70.2% PNC, 26.2% PPP, 3.6% other Communists: est. 100 hard-core within PPP; top echelons of PPP and PYO (Progressive Youth Organization, militant wing of the PPP) include many Communists, but rank and file is conservative and non-Communist; small but unknown number of orthodox Marxist-Leninists within PNC, some of whom are PPP turncoats Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress (TUC); Working People's Alliance (WPA); Work- ing People's Vanguard Party (WPVI'); Guyana Council of Indian Organizations (GCIO); Civil Liberties Action Com- mittee (CLAC); the latter two organizations are small and active but not well organized Member of: CARICOM, CDB, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $418 million (1977), $510 per capita; real growth rate 1977, -6.2% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, rice, other food crops; food shortages-wheat flour, cooking oil, processed meat, dairy products Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina production, sugar and rice milling, timber Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1977); 370 million kWh produced (1977), 450 kWh per capita Exports: $258 million (f.o.b., 1977); bauxite, sugar, alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, timber, diamonds, rum Imports: $314 million (c.i.f., 1977); manufactures, ma- chinery, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-31% U.K., 19% U.S., 16% CARICOM, 5% Canada; imports-26% U.S., 21% U.K., 26% CARICOM, 4% Canada (1977) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (FY70-76), from U.S., $36.7 million; from other Western countries, $63.9 million; from OPEC, $15 million; from Communist countries, $46 million; no military aid Budget: revenue, $189 million; expenditure, $252 million (1978) Monetary conversion rate: floating with US dollar, 1 US$=G$2.55 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 109 km total, all single track; 80 km 0.914- meter gage, 29 km 1.067-meter gage Highways, 5,700 km total; 550 km paved, 1,850 km gravel, and 3,300 km earth Inland waterways: 5,900 km; Demerara River navigable to Mackenzie by ocean steamers, others by ferryboats, small craft only Ports: 1 major (Georgetown), 3 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 95 total, 88 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with radio-relay network and over 22,500 telephones (2.6 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; 5 AM, 1 FM and no TV stations; 1 COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 189,000; 144,000 fit for military service Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 87 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 LAND 27,713 km2; 31% cultivated, 18% rough pastures, 7% forested, 44% unproductive Land boundary: 361 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 1,771 km PEOPLE Population: 5,600,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Haitian(s); adjective-Haitian Ethnic divisions: over 90% Negro, nearly 10% mulatto, few whites Religion: 10% Protestant, 75% to 80% Roman Catholic (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo) Language: French (official) spoken by only 10% of population; all speak Creole Literacy: 10% to 12% Labor force: 2.3 million (est. 1975); 79% agriculture, 14% services, 7% industry, 5% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant Organized labor: less than 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Haiti Type: republic under the 14-year dictatorship of Francois Duvalier who was succeeded upon his death on 21 April 1971 by his son, Jean-Claude Capital: Port-au-Prince Political subdivisions: 5 departments (despite constitu- tional provision for 9) Legal system: based on Roman civil law system; constitution adopted 1964 and amended 1971; legal educa- tion at State University in Port-au-Prince and private law colleges in Cap-Haitien, Les Cayes, Gonaives, and Jeremie; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 January Branches: lifetime President, unicameral 58-member legislature of very limited powers, judiciary appointed by President Government leader: President-for-life, Jean-Claude Duvalier Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: constitution as amended in 1971 provides for lifetime president to be designated by his predecessor and ratified by electorate in plebiscite; legislative elections, which are held every 6 years, last held February 1973 Political parties: National Unity Party, only legal party; United Haitian Communist Party (PUCH), illegal (Com- munist) Voting strength (1973 legislative elections): 100% Na- tional Unity Party (Duvalier) Communists: strength unknown; party leaders believed in exile Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $1.1 billion (1977), $230 per capita; real growth rate 1977, 1.9% Agriculture: main crops-coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum, pulses; caloric intake, 1,850 calories per day per capita Major industries: sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, bauxite mining, tourism, light assembly industries Electric power: 90,000 kW capacity (1977); 175 million kWh produced (1977), 40 kWh per capita Exports: $143 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee, light industrial products, bauxite, sugar, essential oils, sisal Imports: $245 million (f.o.b., 1977); consumer durables, foodstuffs, industrial equipment, petroleum products, con- struction materials Major trade partners: exports-77% U.S.; imports-51% U.S. (1977) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (FY70-76) from U.S., $77.2 million; from other Western countries, $51.7 million; military-U.S., $0.1 million Budget: (1978/79 est.) revenue, $140 million; expendi- ture, $257 million Monetary conversion rate: 5 gourdes=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 80 km narrow gage (0.760 m), single-track, 88 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 ICAi111GU privately owned industrial line; 8 km dual-gage 0.760- to 1.065-meter gage, government line, dismantled Highways: 3,200 km total; 600 km paved, 950 km otherwise improved, 1,650 km unimproved Inland waterways: negligible; about 100 km navigable Ports: 2 major (Port-au-Prince, Cap Haitian), 12 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 14 total, 13 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: all domestic facilities inadequate, international facilities slightly better; telephone expansion program underway; 17,800 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 40 AM, 5 FM, and 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,056,000; 569,000 fit for military service; about 53,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1979, $13.8 million HONDURAS CUBA TE1 `- HONU Tegucigalpa ECL SALVADOR Ethnic divisions: 90% mestizo, 7% Indian, 2% Negro, and 1% white Religion: about 97% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 47% of persons 10 years of age and over (est. 1970) Labor force: approx. 900,000 (est. mid-1972); 66% agriculture, 12% services, 8% manufacturing, 5% commerce, 6% unemployed, 3% unspecified Organized labor: 7% to 10% of labor force (mid-1972) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Honduras Type: republic Capital: Tegucigalpa Political subdivisions: 18 departments Legal system: based on Roman and Spanish civil law; some influence of English common law; constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at University of Honduras in Tegucigalpa; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: constitution provides for elected President, unicameral legislature, and national judicial branch Government leader: Chief of State Brig. Gen. Policarpo PAZ Garcia dominates a three-man junta Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: government leaders have indicated an inten- tion to hold elections in 1980 Political parties and leaders: while denied an institution- al role in government since the 4 December 1972 military takeover, the political parties were allowed to hold internal elections, issue public declarations, and continue their organizational activities; with the scheduling of elections the parties are expected to become more active; ....beginning the process of refurbishing: Liberal Party (PLH), Modesto Rodas Alvarado, Carlos Roberto Reina Idiaguez, Jorge Bueso Arias; National Party (PNH), Alejandro Lopez Cantarero, Ricardo Zuniga Augustinus; Mario Rivera Lopez, Martin Aquero; Popular Progressive Party (PPP) (uninscribed), Gonzalo Carias Castillo; National Innovation and Unity Party (PINU) (uninscribed), Miguel Andonie Fernandez; Workers Party of Honduras (PTH) (Communist) (unin- scribed), Rogue Ochoa; Communist Party of Honduras/So- viet (PCH/S-outlawed), Dionisio Ramos Bejarano; Commu- nist Party of Honduras/ China (PCH/C-outlawed), Agapito Robledo Castro Voting strength (1971 elections): National Party (PNH) 306,028; Liberal Party (PLH) 276,777 Communists: about 650; 500 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: National Association of Honduran Campesinos (ANACH); Council of Honduran LAND 112,150 km'; 27% forested, 30% pasture, 36% waste and built-up, 7% cropland Land boundaries: 1,530 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 820 km PEOPLE Population: 3,578,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Honduran(s); adjective-Honduran Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Caribbean Sea A tti Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Private Enterprise (COHEP); Confederation of Honduran Workers (CTH) Member of: CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,421 million (1977), $490 per capita; 79% private consumption, 10% government consumption, 22% domestic investment; -11% net fo?reign balance (1975); real growth rate, average 1971-75, 2.6%; real growth rate 1977, 8.3% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, corn, beans, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 3,262 metric tons (1976); exports est. $0.8 million (1976); imports $0.8 million (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, cloth- ing, wood products Electric power: 172,500 kW capacity (1977); 450 million kWh produced (1977), 155 kWh per capita Exports: $520 million (f.o.b., 1977); bananas, coffee, lumber, meat, petroleum products Imports: $545 million (f.o.b. 1977); manufactured prod- ucts, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-51% U.S., 12% CACM, 11% West germany; imports-42% U.S., 16% Venezuela, 13% CACM, 7% Japan, 3% West Germany (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-76), $122 million loans, $96 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $291 million; from other Western countries (1960-73), $7.0 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $20 million Budget (1978): expenditures, $416 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 lempiras=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 574 km total; 325 km 1.067-meter gage, 249 km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 7,300 km total; 1,450 km paved, 4,150 km otherwise improved, 1,700 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,200 km navigable by small craft Ports: 3 major (Puerto Cortes, La Ceiba, Tela), 9 minor Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 256 total, 226 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: improved, but still inadequate; connection into Central American microwave net; 19,500 telephones (0.7 per 100 popl.); 104 AM, 12 FM, and 6 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 643,000; 381,000 fit for military service; about 32,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $31.4 million; about 7.5% of central government budget (includes the armed forces and other military) HONG KONG SiFUth ~= China Sea PHILIPPINES LAND 1,036 km2; 14% arable, 10% forested, 76% other (mainly grass, shrub, steep hill country) Land boundaries: 24 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 733 km PEOPLE Population: 4,622,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.6% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: adjective-Hong Kong Ethnic divisions: 98% Chinese, 2% other Religion: 10% Christian, 90% eclectic mixture of local religions Language: Chinese, English Literacy: 75% Labor force (1976 Census): 1.87 million; 45.3% manufac- turing, 18.6% services, 6.0% construction, mining, quarrying and utilities, 19.4% commerce, 2.6% agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and hunting, 7.3% communications, 0.7% other; underemployment is a serious problem Organized labor: 21% of 1976 labor force 90 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hong, Kong Type: U.K. crown colony Capital: none Political subdivisions: Hong Kong, Kowloon, and New Territories Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor assisted by advisory Executive Council; he legislates with advice and consent of Legislative Council; Urban Council which alone includes elected representatives, responsible for health, recreation, and resettlement; independent judiciary Government leader: Sir C. M. MacLehose, Governor and Commander in Chief Suffrage: limited to 200,000 to 300,000 professional or skilled persons Elections: every 2 years to select one-half of elected membership of Urban Council; other Urban Council members appointed by the Governor Political parties: Civic Association; Reform Club; Socialist Democratic Party; Hong Kong Labour Party Voting strength: (elected Urban Council members) Civic Association 4, Reform Club 3, and 1 independent Communists: an estimated 2,000 cadres affiliated with Communist Party of China Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Trade Unions (Communist controlled), Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (Nationalist Chinese dominated), Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (Communist controlled), Federation of Hong Kong Industries, Chinese Manufactur- ers) Association of Hong Kong Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: $9.5 billion ( 1976, in 1976 prices), $2,130 per capita (est.); average real growth 4.8% (1970-75) Agriculture: agriculture occupies a minor position in the economy; main products-rice, vegetables, dairy products; less than 20% self-sufficient; food shortages-rice, wheat Major industries: textiles and clothing, tourism, plastics, electronics, light metal products, food processing Shortages: industrial raw materials, water, food Electric power: 3,127,000 kW capacity (1977); 8,375 million kWh produced (1977), 1,880 kWh per capita Exports: $9.7 billion (f.o.b., 1977), including $1.4 billion reexports; principal products clothing, plastic articles, textiles, electrical goods, wigs, footwear, light metal manufactures Imports: $10.5 billion (c.i.f., 1977) . Major trade partners: (1977) exports-38.7% U.S., 10.5% West Germany, 8.7% U.K.; imports-23.7% Japan, 16.6% China, 12.5% U.S. Budget: (77/78) $1.82 billion Monetary conversion rate: HK$4.62=US$1 (December 1977) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 35 km standard gage (1.435 m); government owned Highways: 966 km total; 660 km paved, 306 km gravel and crushed stone, or earth Ports: 1 major Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1.,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern facilities provide domestic and international services; excellent broadcast coverage provided by wired and radio broadcast stations; closed-cir- cuit TV and TV broadcast facilities; 1.1 million telephones; 2.5 million radio receivers; 100,000 wired-speakers; 2 FM, 2 AM stations; wired-broadcast network; 859,000 TV receiv- ers, 2 TV stations, 2 closed-circuit TV networks; radio relay link to Taiwan; 2 international communications satellite ground stations; coaxial cable link to Canton; 5 submarine cables; submarine cable to Japan and Philippines completed DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,244,000; 974,000 fit for military service; about 55,000 reach military age (18) annually Defense is the responsibility of U.K. HUNGARY LAND 92,981 km2; 60% arable, 14% other agricultural, 16% forested, 10% other Land boundaries: 2,245 km PEOPLE Population: 10,715,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Hungarian(s); adjective-Hungarian Ethnic divisions: 92.4% Magyar, 2.5% German, 3.3% Gypsy, 0.7% Jews, 1.1% other Religion: 67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Calvinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.5% atheist and other Language: 98.2% Magyar, 1.8% other Literacy: 97% Labor force: 5,230,000 (1977); 20% agriculture, 34% industry and building, 46% other non-agriculture Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hungarian People's Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Budapest Political subdivisions: 19 megyes (counties), 5 autono- mous cities in county status, 97 jaras (districts) Legal system: based on Communist legal theory, with both civil law system (civil code of 1960) and common law elements; constitution adopted 1949 amended 1972; Su- preme Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of declaring legislative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Lorand Eotvos Tudomanyegyetem School of Law in Budapest and 2 other schools of law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Liberation, 4 April Branches: executive-Presidential Council (elected by Parliament); legislative-Parliament (elected by direct suf- frage); judicial-Supreme Court (elected by Parliament) Government leaders: Pal Losonczi, President, Presiden- tial Council; Gyorgy Lazar, Chairman, Council of Ministers Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; national and local elections are held separately Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Socialist (Com- munist) Workers Party (sole party); Janos Kadar is First Secretary of Central Committee Voting strength (1975 election): 7,497,061 (99.6 %) for Communist-approved candidates; 30,108 (0.4%) invalid and negative votes; total eligible electorate about 7.76 million; next elections will be held in 1980 Communists: about 754,000 party members (March 1975) Member of: CEMA, Danube Commission, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $29.4 billion in 1977 (at 1977 prices), $2,750 per capita; 1977 growth rate, 4.8% Agriculture: normally self-sufficient; main crops-corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, wine grapes; caloric intake 3,140 calories per day per capita (1970) Major industries: mining, metallurgy, engineering indus- tries, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharma- ceuticals) Shortages: metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, high grade coal, forest products, crude oil Crude steel: 3.72 million metric tons produced (1977), 350 kg per capita Electric power: 5,100,000 kW capacity (1977); 23.4 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,190 kWh per capita Exports: $7,959 million (f.o.b., 1977); 27% machinery, 18% industrial consumer goods, 30% raw materials and semimanufactures, 23% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 2% (distribution for 1977) Imports: $8,558 million (c.i.f., 1977); 21% machinery, 8% industrial consumer goods, 49% raw materials and semi- manufactures; 11% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 11% (distribution for 1977) Major trade partners: $16,517 million (1977); 57% with Communist countries, 43% with non-Communist countries Aid: U.S.S.R.-$338 million extended (1956-66), $10 million extended in 1967, $167 million extended in 1968; to less developed non-Communist countries-$764 million (1954-77) Monetary conversion rate: 37.83 forints=US$1 (commer- cial); 18.90 forints=US$1, noncommercial (June 1978) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 8,669 km total; 7,750 km standard gage (1.435 m), 405 km narrow gage (mostly 0.760 m), 35 km broad gage (1.524 m), 1,162 km double track, 1,303 km electrified; government owned (1977) Highways: 99,595 km total; 32,583 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 10,408 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 56,604 km earth (1977) Inland waterways: 1,688 km (1977) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,287 km; refined products, 500 km; natural gas, 2,896 km Freight carried: rail-134.8 million metric tons, 24.1 billion metric ton/km (1977); highway-563.5 million metric tons, 10.4 billion metric ton/km (1977); waterway- est. 14.2 million metric tons, 8.3 billion metric ton/km (incl. int'l. transit traffic) in approximately 545 waterway craft with 310,000 metric ton capacity 92 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 River ports: 2 principal (Budapest, Dunauivaros); no maritime ports; outlets are Rostock, GDR; and Gdansk, Gdynia, and Szczecin in Poland; and Galati and Brails in Romania DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,650,000; 2,314,000 fit for military service; about 70,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, est. 14.4 billion forints; about 3.7% of total budget ICELAND LAND 102,952 km2; arable negligible, 22% meadows and pastures, forested negligible, 78% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 4,988 km PEOPLE Population: 224,000 (January 1979),- average annual growth rate 0.7% (12-76 to 12-77) Nationality: noun-Icelander(s); adjective-Icelandic Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 95% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% no affiliation Language: Icelandic Literacy: 99% Labor force: 90,000; 22.6% agriculture and fishing; 25.6% mining and manufacturing; 10.7% construction; 12.8% commerce; 7.8% transportation and communications; 15.2% services; and 5.7% other; unemployment 1977, 0.6% HUNGARY/ICELAND Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iceland Type: republic Capital: Reykjavik Political subdivisions: 23 rural districts, 215 parishes, 14 incorporated towns Legal system: civil law system based on Danish law; constitution adopted 1944; legal education at University of Iceland; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Establishment of the Republic, 17 June Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Althing); executive power vested in President but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court and 29 lower courts Government leaders: President Kristian Eldjarn; Prime Minister Olafur Johannesson Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary to take place 25 June 1978, every 4 years; presidential, every 4 years Political parties and leaders: Independence (conserva- tive), Geir Hallgrimsson; Progressive, Olafur Johannesson; Social Democratic, Benedikt Grondal; People's Alliance (Communist front), Luduik Josefsson Voting strength (1978 election): 32.7% Independence, 16.9% Progressive, 22.0% Social Democratic, 22.9% People's Alliance, 5.5% other Communists: est. 2,200; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 20,922 votes cast for People's Alliance in 1974 election Member of: Council of Europe, EC (free trade agreement pending resolution of fishing limits issue), EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $1,415 million (1976), $6,350 per capita; 61.7% consumption, 28.3% investment, 10.6% government, 1.9% change in stocks; -2.5% net foreign balance (1977); 1977 growth rate 4.8%, constant prices Agriculture: cattle, sheep, dairying, hay, potatoes, turnips; food shortages-grains, sugar, vegetable and other fibers; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1964-66) Fishing: landed 1,375,900 metric tons; exports $233.7 million (1977) Major industries: fish processing, aluminum smelting, diatomite production, hydro-electricity Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Shortages: grain, fuel, wood, minerals, vegetable fibers Electric power: 653,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 11,210 kWh per capita Exports: $512.3 million (f.o.b., 1977); fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, diatomite Imports: $608.3 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: (1977) exports-U.S. 30%, EC 31%, U.S.S.R. 7%; imports-EC 47%,. U.S. 6.5%, U.S.S.R. 9% Aid: economic authorizations: U.S., $10 million (FY70-76) Budget: (1977, approved) expenditures $448 million, revenues $452 million Monetary conversion rate: 198.9 kronur=US$1 (1977); 182.2 kronur=US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 12,343 km total; 166 km bitumen and concrete; 1,284 km bituminous treated and gravel; 10,893 km earth Ports: 4 major (Akureyri, Hafnarfjordhur, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur), and about 50 minor Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased in and 1 leased out) Airfields: 125 total, 101 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: adequate domestic service, wire and radio communication system; 93,700 telephones (42.4 per 100 pop].); 17 AM, 14 FM, and 80 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables; Comsat station under construction DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 58,000; 52,000 fit for military service (Iceland has no conscription or compulsory military service) LAND 3,136,500 km2 (includes Indian part of Jammu-Kashmir, Sikkim, Goa, Damao and Diu); 50% arable, 5% permanent meadows and pastures, 20% desert, waste, or urban, 22% forested, 3% inland water Land boundaries: 12,700 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; additional 100 nm is fisheries conservation zone, December 1968; archipelago concept baselines); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 7,000 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 667,907,000, including Sikkim and the Indian-held part of disputed Jammu-Kashmir (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Indian(s); adjective-Indian Ethnic divisions: 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, 3% Mongoloid and other Religion: 83.5% Hindu, 10.7% Muslim, 1.8% Sikh, 2.6% Christian, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.7% other Language: 24 languages spoken by a million or more persons each; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; English enjoys "associate" status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindustani, a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India Literacy: males 39%; females 18%; both sexes 29% (1971 census) Labor force: about 197 million; 70% agriculture, more than 10% unemployed and underemployed; shortage of skilled labor is significant and unemployment is rising Organized labor: about 2.5% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of India Type: federal republic Capital: New Delhi Political subdivisions: 22 states, 9 union territories Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1950; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Anniversary of the Proclamation of the Republic, 26 January Branches: parliamentary government, national and state; relatively independent judiciary 94 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Government leader: Prime Minister Morarji Desai Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: national and state elections ordinarily held every 5 years; may be postponed in emergency and may be held more frequently if government loses confidence vote; next general election due by March 1982; next state elections staggered in 1982 and 1983 Political parties and leaders: Indian National Congress, controlled national government from independence to March 1977, and split in January 1978; larger Congress group is headed by former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi; the smaller "official" Congress Party is headed by Swaran Singh as provisional president; Janata Party (a merger of 5 pre-1977 election parties) led by Prime Minister Desai and party president, Chandra Shekar; Communist Party of India (CPI), C. Rajeswara Rao, general secretary; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), E. M. S. Namboodiripad, general secretary; Communist Party of India/MarxistLenin- ist (CPI/ML), Satyanarayan Singh, general secretary; All- India-Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK), a regional party in Tamil Nadu led by M. G. Ramachandran; Akali Dal representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab Voting strength (1977 election): 43.17% Janata and CFD, 34.54% Congress, 4.30% CPI/M, 2.82% CPI, 15.17% regional parties and others Communists: 90,000 members of CPI (est.), 85,000 members of CPI/M (est.); Communist sympathizers, 13 million Other political or pressure groups: various separatist groups seeking reorganization of states; numerous "senas" or militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Shiv Sena and Dalit Panthers in Bombay, the Anand Marg, and the Rashtriya Swayamserak Sangh Member of: ADS, ATOEC, Colombo Plan, Common- wealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $88 billion (CY77 at current prices), $140 per capita; real growth 6.0% in FY78 Agriculture: main crops-rice, other cereals, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, tea, and coffee Fishing: catch 2.5 million metric tons (FY78); exports $145 million (FY75), imports $3.3 million (1974) Major industries: textiles, food processing, steel, machin- ery, transportation equipment, cement, jute manufactures Crude steel: 9.83 million metric tons of ingots (CY77) Electric power: 24,910,000 kW capacity (1977);? 99.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 155 kWh per capita Exports: $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 1977); engineering goods, textiles and clothing, tea Imports: $6.8 billion (c.i.f., 1977); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum, grains and flour, fertilizers Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R., Japan Budget: (FY79) central government receipts, $21.0 billion; expenditures, $22.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 8.1 rupees=US$'1 (August 1978) Fiscal year: fiscal year ends 31 March of stated year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 61,313 km total (1977); 25,550 km meter gage (1.00 m), 30,041 km broad gage (1.676 m), 4,476 km narrow gage (0.762 m and 0.610 m), government owned; 46 km meter gage (1.00 m), 855 km broad gage (1.676 m), 345 km narrow gage (0.762 m and 0.610 m), privately owned; 12,304 km double track; 4,191 km electrified Highways: 1,327,450 km total; 415,250 km paved, 190,600 km gravel or crushed stone, 304,900 km improved earth, 416,700 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 14,300 km; 2,575 km navigable by river steamers Pipelines: crude oil, 1,767 km; refined products, 2,020 km; natural gas, 574 km Ports: 9 major, 80 minor Civil air: 93 major transport aircraft Airfields: 355 total, 339 usable; 190 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 54 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 121 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair domestic telephone service where available, good internal microwave links; telegraph facilities widespread; AM broadcast adequate; international radio communications adequate; 2.1 million telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); about 163 AM stations at 80 locations, 9 TV stations, 4 earth satellite stations; submarine cables extend to Sri Lanka DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 159,165,000; 93,891,000 fit for military service; about 7,566,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $3.6 billion; 16.6% of central government budget LAND 1,906,240 km2; 12% small holdings and estates, 64% forests, 24% inland water, waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 2,736 km Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 PHILIPPINES VIETNAM CS Branches: executive headed by President who is chief of state and head of cabinet; cabinet selected by President; unicameral legislature (DPR, or parliament), of 460 mem- bers (100 appointed, 360 elected); second and larger body (MPR, or congress) of 920 members includes the legislature and 460 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly elected) elects President and Vice President, and theoretically determines national policy; judicial, Supreme Court is highest court Government leader: President, Gen. Suharto (reelected by Congress, March 1978) Suffrage: universal over age 17 and married persons regardless of age Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official "party" based on functional groups), Amir Moertono; Indonesia Democracy Party (federation of former Nation- alist and Christian parties), Mohammed Isnaeni; Unity Development Party (federation of former Islamic parties), Idham Chalid Voting strength (1977 election): Golkar 232 seats, Indonesia Democracy 29, Unity Development 99 Communists: Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966; current strength est. at 1,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity; pre-October 1965 hard-core membership has been estimated at 1.5 million Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, NAM, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): under an archi- pelago theory, claim is 12 nm, measured seaward from straight baselines connecting the outermost islands Coastline: 54,716 km PEOPLE Population: 145,958,000, including East Timor and West Irian (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Indonesian(s); adjective-Indonesian Ethnic divisions: majority of Malay stock comprising 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% coastal Malays, 26% other Religion: 90% Muslim, 5% Christian, 3% Hindu, 2% other Language: Indonesian (modified form of Malay) Official; English, and Dutch leading foreign languages Literacy: 60% (est.); 72% in 6-16 age group Labor force: 55 million; 64% agriculture, 12% trade, 7% industry, 17% other Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Indonesia Type: republic Capital: Jakarta Political subdivisions: 27 first-level administrative subdi- visions or provinces which are further subdivided into 282 second-level areas Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution of 1945 is legal basis of government; legal education at University of Indonesia, Jakarta; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August ECONOMY GNP: $43 billion (1977) about $310 per capita; real average annual growth (1972-77), 7.7% Agriculture: subsistence food production, and smallholder and plantation production for export; main crops-rice, rubber, copra, other tropical products; food shortage-rice, wheat Fishing: catch 1.6 million tons (1977); exports $150 million (1977), imports $8 million (1977) Major industries: petroleum, agricultural processing, textiles, mining Electric power: 3,128,000 kW capacity (1977); 8.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 65 kWh per capita Exports: $10.9 billion (f.o.b., 1977); petroleum ($7.1 billion; 530 million bbls), timber, coffee, rubber, tin, palm oil, tea, pepper, tobacco Imports: $6.2 billion (c.i.f., 1977); rice, wheat, textiles, chemicals, iron and steel products, machinery, transport equipment, consumer durables Major trade partners: exports (1977)-40% Japan, 28% U.S., 957c Singapore; imports-30% Japan, 14% U.S., 8% West Germany Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Budget: (1978-79) expenditures, $11.6 billion; planned receipts, $9.6 billion domestic, $2.0 billion foreign Monetary conversion rate: 415 rupiah=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 7,843 km total (1977); 7,246 km 1.067-meter gage, 505 km 0.750-meter gage, 92 km 0.600-meter gage; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; government owned Highways: 93,053 km total; 26,573 km paved, 41,521 km gravel or crushed stone, 24,959 km improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: 21,579 km; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Borneo 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, and Irian Barat 4,587 km Ports: 10 major, 66 minor Civil air: approximately 110 major transport aircraft Airfields: 381 total, 370 usable; 71 with permanent- surface runways; 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 66 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: interisland microwave system and HF police net; domestic service poor, international service good; radiobroadcast coverage good; 314,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 pop].); 291 AM, 1 FM, and 13 TV stations; 1 international ground satellite station (1 Indian Ocean antenna and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna), and 40 domestic ground satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 31,757,000; 18,138,000 fit for military service; about 1,594,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $1.7 billion; about 14.5% of central government budget LAND 1,647,240 km2; 14% agricultural, 11% forested, 16% cultivable with adequate irrigation, 51% desert, waste, or urban, 8% migratory grazing and other Land boundaries: 5,318 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 50 nm) Coastline: 3,180 km, including islands, 676 km PEOPLE Population: 35,808,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Iranian(s); adjective-Iranian Ethnic divisions: 63% ethnic Persians, 3% Kurds, 13% other Iranian, 18% Turkic, 3% Arab and other Semitic, 1% other Religion: 93% Shia Muslim; 5% Sunni Muslim; 2% Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians and Baha'is Language: Persian (Farsi), Turkish dialects, Kurdish, Arabic Literacy: about 37% of those 7 years of age and older (1976 est.) Labor force: 10.1 million est. 1976; 36% agriculture, 21% manufacturing; shortage of skilled labor substantial GOVERNMENT Legal name: Empire of Iran Type: constitutional monarchy, controlled by the Shah Capital: Tehran Political subdivisions: 23 provinces, subdivided into districts, sub-districts, counties, and villages Legal system: based largely on French law, with elements drawn from other continental systems; personal law based on Islamic practice generally with residual traces of Roman law; constitution adopted 1906 and constitutional law of 1907; High Court of Appeal may judge disputes relating to government departments acting according to law; legal education at University of Teheran; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Birthday of the Shah, 26 October Branches: executive power rests in Shah who appoints a Prime Minister; Prime Minister must be approved by lower house (Majlis); while Cabinet theoretically responsibility of Prime Minister, Shah usually exerts strong influence over its selection; bicameral legislature; Majlis has 268 members elected to 4-year terms, and Senate 60 members serving 4-year terms; half of Senate members appointed by Shah, other half elected; no provision for judicial review of constitutionality of legislative acts Government leaders: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Prime Minister Gen. Qolam Reza Azhari Suffrage: universal over age 20 97 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 IRAN/IRAQ Elections: Majlis every 4 years; Senate every 4 years; latest national elections June 1975, last district and municipal October 1976 Political parties and leaders: a single party system, designated The Resurgence Party of the People of Iran (RPPI), was formed by Shah in March 1975; all other political parties disbanded Voting strength: all candidates government approved and members of the RPPI Communists: 1,000 to 2,000 est. hard-core, est.; 15,000 to 20,000 est. sympathizers; mostly pro-U.S.S.R. but pro-Chi- nese faction developing Other political or pressure groups: Tudeh Party (Com- munist, illegal); nationalist opposition coalition; Confeder- ation of Iranian Students (illegal) Member of: CENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OPEC, RCD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $75.9 billion (1977), $2,170 per capita; 1977 real GNP growth, 2.8% Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, sugar beets, cotton, dates, raisins, tea, tobacco, sheep, and goats Major industries: crude oil production (2,080 million bbls in 1977) and refining, textiles, cement and other building materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabricating (steel and copper) Electric power: 6,300,000 kW capacity (1978); 20 billion kWh produced (1978), 570 kWh per capita Exports: $24.3 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 97% petroleum; also carpets, raw cotton, fruits, and nuts, hide and leather items, ores Imports: $15.5 billion (f.o.b., 1977); machinery, iron and steel products, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electrical equip- ment, agricultural products Major trade partners: exports-Japan, U.S., West Ger- many, Netherlands, Italy, U.K., Spain, France; imports- U.S., West Germany, Japan, U.K., Italy Budget: (FY78-79) $59.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 70.5 rials=US$1 Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,601 km total; 4,509 km standard gage (1.435 m), 92 km 1.676-meter gage Highways: 81,800 km total; 36,000 km gravel and crushed stone, 15,000 km improved earth Inland waterways: 904 km, excluding the Caspian Sea, 104 km on the Shatt al Arab Pipelines: crude oil, 3,072 km; refined products, 3,766 km; natural gas, 2,317 km Ports: 7 major, 6 minor Civil air: 60 major transport aircraft (including 5 leased in) Airfields: 178 total, 160 usable; 66 with permanent- surface runways; 13 with runways over 3,660 m, 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 65 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: advanced system of high-capacity radio-relay links, open-wire lines, cables, and tropospheric links; principal center Tehran, secondary centers Isfahan, Meshed, and Tabriz; 805,600 telephones (2.0 per 100 popl.); 35 AM, 2 FM, and 67 TV stations; 1 satellite station with Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean antennas, extensive upgrading in progress DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,826,000; 4,656,000 fit for military service; about 345,000 reach military age (21) annually IRAQ Baghdad IRAQ Caspian Sea UWAIT LAND 445,480 km2; 18% cultivated, 68% desert, waste, or urban, 10% seasonal and other grazing land, 4% forest and woodland Land boundaries: 3,668 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 58 km PEOPLE Population: 12,689,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) 98 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Nationality: 'noun-Iraqi(s); adjective-Iraqi Ethnic divisions: 70.9% Arabs, 18.3% Kurds, 0.7% Assyrians, 2.4% Turkomans, 7.7% other Religion: 90% Muslim (50% Shiah Muslim, 40% Sunni Muslim), 8% Christian, 2% other Language: Arabic, Kurdish minority speaks Kurdish Literacy: 20% to 40% Labor force: 2.4 million; 70% agriculture, 6.5% industry, 6.7% government, 16.8% other; rural underemployment high, but not serious because low subsistence levels make it easy to care for unemployed; severe shortage of technically trained personnel Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iraq Type: republic; National Front Government consisting of Ba'th Party (BPI), Iraq Communist Party (CPI), and pro- administration Kurds formed in July 1973; Communists play nominal role in government Capital: Baghdad Political subdivisions: 18 provinces under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; provisional constitution adopted in 1968; judicial review was suspended; legal education at University of Baghdad; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 14 July Branches: Ba'th Party of Iraq has been in power since 1968 coup Government leaders: President Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr; Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council Saddam Husayn 'Abd-al-Majid al-Tikriti Suffrage: no elective bodies exist Elections: no national elections since overthrow of monarchy in 1958 Communists: Communist Party allowed token representa- tion in cabinet; est. 2,000 hard-core members Political or pressure groups: political parties banned, possibly some opposition to regime from disaffected members of the regime and army officers Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $19 billion (1977 est.), $1,610 per capita Agriculture: dates, wheat, barley, rice, livestock Major industry: crude petroleum (third largest producer in Middle East); 2.3 million b/d (1977); petroleum revenues for 1977, $10.3 billion Electric power: 2,300,000 kW capacity (1978); 7 billion kWh produced (1978), 560 kWh per capita Exports: $11.8 billion (f.o.b., 1978 est.); net receipts from oil, $11.5 billion; non-oil, $300 million est. Imports: $6.4 billion (f.o.b., 1978 est.); 26% from Communist countries (1973) Major trade partners: exports-France, Italy, Brazil, Japan, Turkey, U.K., U.S.S.R., other Communist countries; imports-West Germany, Japan, France, U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R. and other Communist countries (1977) Budget: $15.8 billion (FY78), estimated Monetary conversion rate: 1 Iraqi dinar=US$3.39 (end of December 1977) Fiscal year: 1 January-31 December COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,700 km total; 1,123 km standard gage (1.435 m), 577 km meter gage (1.00 m); 16 km meter gage double track Highways: 20,791 km total; 6,490 km paved, 4,645 km improved earth, 9,656 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,015 km; Shatt al Arab navigable by maritime traffic for about 104 km; Tigris and Euphrates navigable by shallow-draft steamers Ports: 3 major (Basra, Umm Qasr, Al Faw) Pipelines: crude oil, 3,821 km; 585 km refined products; 1,360 km natural gas Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Airfields: 76 total, 69 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 36 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: network consists of coaxial cables, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; 320,000 telephones (2.8 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, no FM and 10 TV stations; 1 satellite station with Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean antennas; system expansion in process DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,721,000; 1,515,000 fit for military service; about 137,000 reach military age (18) annually LAND 68,894 km'; 17% arable, 51% meadows and pastures, 3% forested, 2% inland water, 27% waste and urban Land boundaries: 360 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,448 km Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 PEOPLE Population: 3,242,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.0% (7-75 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Irishman(men), Irish (collective pl.); adjective-Irish Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Celts Religion: 94% Roman Catholic, 4% Anglican, 2% other Language: English and Gaelic official; English is gen- erally spoken Literacy: 98%-99% Labor force: about 1,143,000 (1976); 26% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 19% manufacturing; 1.5% commerce; 7% construction; 5% transportation; 4% government; 24% other; 9.8% unemployment (February 1976) Organized labor: 36% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ireland, Eire (Gaelic) Type: republic Capital: Dublin Political subdivisions: 26 counties Legal system: based on English common law, substan- tially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1937; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: St. Patrick's Day, 17 March Branches: elected President; bicameral parliament re- flecting proportional and vocational representation; judici- ary appointed by President on advice of government Government leaders: President Patrick Hillery; Prime Minister (Taoiseach) John (Jack) Lynch; Deputy Prime Minister (Tanaiste) George Colley Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Dail (lower house) elected every 5 years-last election June 1977; President elected for 7-year term-last election November 1976 Political parties and leaders: Fianna Fail, John (Jack) Lynch; Labor Party, Frank Cluskey; Fine Gael, Garret Fitzgerald; Communist Party of Ireland, Michael O'Riordan Voting strength: (1977 election) Fianna Fail (84 seats), Fine Gael (43 seats), Labor Party (17 seats), Independents hold 4 seats Communists: approximately 600 Member of: Council of Europe, EC, EEC, ESRO (observer), EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $9.3 billion prelim, est. (1977, at 1977 prices), $2,930 per capita; 63.4% consumption, 25.9% investment, 18.8% government, 2.0% inventories; - 10.2% net export of goods and services; 1970-77 (inclusive) real growth rate, average 3.1% Agriculture: 70% of agricultural area used for permanent hay and pasture; main products-livestock and dairy products, turnips, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; 85% self-sufficient; food shortages-grains, fruits, vegetables; caloric intake 3,510 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 94,319 metric tons (1976); exports of fish and fish products $37.3 million (1976), imports of fish and fish products $15.7 million (1976) Major industries: food products, brewing, textiles and clothing, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, machinery and transportation equipment Shortages: coal, petroleum, timber and woodpulp, steel and nonferrous metals, fertilizers, cereals and animal feeds, textile fibers and textiles Crude steel: 85,000 metric tons produced in 1975, 30 kg per capita Electric power: 2,400,000 kW capacity (1977); 9.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,910 kWh per capita Exports: $4,395 million (f.o.b., 1977); live animals, meat, dairy products, textiles, clothing, chemicals, machinery Imports: $5,377 million (c.i.f., 1977); petroleum and petroleum products, machinery, chemicals, cereals, textiles Major trade partners: 66% EC (42% U.K.); 8% U.S. (January-November 1977) Aid: economic-EC Common Borrowing Facility, $300 million (1976) Budget: (1978 projected) 2,368 million pounds expendi- tures, 1,963 million pounds revenues, 405 million pounds deficit, public sector borrowing requirement 821 million pounds Monetary conversion rate: 1 Irish pound=US$1.7448 (1977) kannual average, floating) Fiscal year: calendar year 100 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,009 km 1.600-meter gage; 1,894 km govern- ment-owned; 115 km privately-owned Highways: 88,302 km total; 78,616 km surfaced, 9,686 km earth Inland waterways: approximately 1,000 km Ports: 6 major, 38 minor Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased and 5 leased out) Airfields: 38 total, 38 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: small, modern system; all cities interconnected for telephone and telegraph service; 480,000 telephones (15.1 per 100 pop].); 6 AM, 7 FM, and 28 TV stations; 4 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 733,000; 573,000 fit for military service; about 31,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $182.1 million; about 4.2% of the central government budget ISRAEL NOTE: The Arab territories occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the data below unless so indicated. LAND 20,720 km2 (excluding about 64,750 km2 of occupied territory in Jordan, Egypt, and Syria); 20% cultivated, 40% pastureland and meadows, 4% forested, 4% desert, waste, or urban, 3% inland water, 29% unsurveyed (mostly desert) Land boundaries: 1,036 km (prior to 1967 war); including occupied areas, approximately 1,050 km (1977) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm Coastline: 273 km (prior to 1967 war); including occupied areas, approximately 848 km (1977) PEOPLE Population: 3,712,000, excluding East Jerusalem and the other occupied territories (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.4% (1-77 to 1-78) Nationality: noun-Israeli(s); adjective-Israel Ethnic divisions: 85% Jews, 15% non-Jews (mostly Arabs) Religion: 85% Judaism, 11% Islam, 4% Christian and other Language: Hebrew official; Arabic used officially for Arab minority; English most commonly used foreign language Literacy: 88% Jews, 48% Arabs Labor force: 1,133,000; 6.5% agriculture, forestry and fishing; 25.3% manufacturing (mining, industry); 0.9% electricity and water; 8.1% construction and public works; 12.2% commerce; 7.7% transport, storage, and communica- tions; 6.5% finance and business; 26.1% public services; 6.7% personal and other services (1974) Organized labor: 90% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Israel Type: republic Capital: Jerusalem; not recognized by U.S. which maintains Embassy in Tel Aviv Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Legal system: mixture of English common law and, in personal area, Jewish, Christian and Muslim legal systems; commercial matters regulated substantially by codes adopted since 1948; no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the Knesset (legislature) relating to the Knesset, Israeli lands, the president, the government and the Israel citizenship law; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Hebrew University in Jerusalem; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 11 May Branches: President Yitzhak Navon has largely ceremo- nial functions; executive power vested in cabinet; unicam- eral parliament (Knesset) of 120 members elected under a system of proportional representation; legislation provides fundamental laws in absence of a written constitution; 2 distinct court systems (secular and religious) Government leader: Prime Minister Menachem Begin Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held every 4 years unless required by dissolution of Knesset; last election held in May 1977 Principal political parties and leaders: Herut, Prime Minister Menachem Begin, Defense Minister Ezer Weizman; Liberal Party, Finance Minister Simcha Ehrlich; La'am, Yigal Hurvitz; (Likud is a coalition formed of Herut, Liberals and La'am); National Religious Party, Joseph Burg, Zevulun Hammer; Democratic Movement, Yigael Yadin, Shmuel Tamir; Israel Labor Party, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, Yigal Allon; SHELLI, Arieh Eliav Voting strength: Likud 45 seats; National Religious Party 12 seats; Orthodox Augudat parties 5 seats; Samuel Flatto- Sharon 1 seat; Moshe Dayan 1 seat; Labor Party-MAPAM- Arab List Alignment 32 seats; Democratic Movement 7 seats; Shai 7 seats; Assaf Yaguri 1 seat; Independent Liberal Party 1 seat; Citizens Rights Movement 1 seat; RAKAH 5 seats; SHELLI 2 seats Communists: RAKAH (predominantly Arab but with Jews in its leadership) has some 1,500 members; the Jewish Communist Party, MAKI, is now part of Moked, which is a far-left Zionist party Other political or pressure groups: right-wing Jewish Defense League led by Rabbi Meir Kahane; Black Panthers, a loosely organized youth group seeking more benefits for oriental Jews; Gush Emunim, Jewish religious zealots pushing for freedom for Jews to settle anywhere on the West Bank Member of: FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OAS (observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO Major trade partners: exports-EC, U.S., U.K., Japan, Hong Kong, Switzerland; imports-EC, U.S., U.K., Switzer- land, Japan Budget: FY ending 31 March 1979-$11 billion (con- verted at 18.5 Israeli pounds=US$1) Monetary conversion rate: the Israeli pound was allowed to float on 31 October 1977 and as of 12 October 1978 it was roughly 18 Israeli pounds=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 767 km standard gage (1.435 m) Highways: 4,459 km paved, 7 km gravel/crushed stone, remainder unknown Pipelines: crude oil, 708 km; refined products, 290 km; natural gas, 89 km Ports: 3 major (Haifa, Ashdod, Flat), 5 minor Airfields: 55 total, 46 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft (including 5 leased in) Telecommunications: most highly developed in the Middle East though not the largest; good system of coaxial cable and radio relay; 870,000 telephones (24.0 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 10 FM stations, 15 TV stations and 30 repeater stations; 2 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Jewish males 15-49, 859,000; 714,000 fit for military service; average number of Jews reaching military age (18) annually-32,000 males, 30,000 females; both sexes liable for military service ECONOMY GNP: $13.3 billion (1977, in 1977 prices), $3,720 per capita; 1977 growth of real GNP 1.0% Agriculture: main products-citrus and other fruits, vegetables, beef and dairy products, poultry products Major industries: food processing, diamond cutting and polishing, textiles and clothing, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, electrical equipment, miscellaneous machinery, rubber and plastic products, potash mining Electric power: 2,800,000 kW capacity (1978); 13.5 billion kWh produced (1978), 3,700 kWh per capita Exports: $3.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); major items-polished diamonds, citrus and other fruits, textiles and clothing, processed foods, fertilizer and chemical products; tourism is leading foreign exchange earner Imports: $5.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); major items-military equipment, rough diamonds, chemicals, machinery, iron and steel, cereals, textiles, vehicles, ships, and aircraft ITALY LAND 301,217 km2; 50% cultivated, 17% meadow and pasture, 21% forest, 3% unused but potentially productive, 9% waste or urban Land boundaries: 1,702 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 4,996 km PEOPLE Population: 56,867,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Italian(s); adjective-Italian Ethnic divisions: primarily Italian but population in- cludes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Ital- ians in the north and of Albanian-Italians in the south 102 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Religion: almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic (de facto state religion) Language: Italian; parts of Trentino-Alto Adige Region (e.g., Bolzano) are predominantly German speaking; signifi- cant French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta Region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area Literacy: 5%-7% of population illiterate (1972); illiteracy varies widely by region Labor force: 20,125,000 (July 1978); 15.0% agriculture, 42.9% industry, 39.0% other (1975); 7.1% unemployment (1978); 1.5 million Italians employed in other Western European countries Organized labor: 50-55% (est.) of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Italian Republic Type: republic Capital: Rome Political subdivisions: constitution provides for establish- ment of 20 regions; 5 (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle d'Aosta) have been functioning for some time and the remaining 15 regions were instituted on 1 April 1972; 94 provinces Legal system: based on civil law system, with ecclesiasti- cal law influence; constitution came into effect 1 January 1948; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitu- tional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Anniversary of the Republic, 2 June Branches: executive-President empowered to dissolve Parliament and call national election; he is also Commander of the Armed Forces and presides over the Supreme Defense Council; otherwise, authority to govern invested in Council of Ministers; legislative power invested in bicameral, popularly elected Parliament; Italy has an independent judicial establishment Government leaders: President Alessandro Pertini; Pre- mier Giulio Andreotti Suffrage: universal over age 18 (except in Senatorial elections where minimum age of voter is 25) Elections: national elections for Parliament held every 5 years (most recent, June 1976); provincial and municipal elections held every 5 years with some out of phase; regional elections every 5 years (held June 1975) Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (DC), Benigno Zaccagnini (secretary general); Communist Party (PCI), Enrico Berlinguer (secretary general), Luigi Longo (party president); Socialist Party (PSI), Bettino Craxi (secretary general), Pietro Nenni (party president); Social Democratic Party (PSDI), Pietro Longo (secretary general); Liberal Party (PLI), Valerio Zanone (party secretary); Italian Social Movement (MSI), Giorgio Almirante; Republican Party (PRI), Oddo Biasini (party secretary); Ugo La Malfa (party president) Voting strength (1976 election): 38.7% DC, 34.4% PCI, 9.6% PSI, 6.1% MSI, 3.4% PSDI, 3.1% PRI, 1.3% PLI, 3.4% other Communists: 1,814,740 members (February 1978) Other political or pressure groups: the Vatican; three major trade union confederations (CGIL-Communist dominated, CISL-Christian Democratic, and UIL-Social Democratic, Socialist, and Republican); Italian manufactur- ers association (Confindustria); organized farm groups Member of: ADB, ASSIMER, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECOWAS, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $196 billion (1977), $3,470 per capita; 65.5% private consumption, 19.8% gross fixed investment, 14.0% government, 1.4% inventory change, net foreign balance -0.7%; 1977 growth rate 1.7% (1970 constant prices) Agriculture: important producer of fruits and vegetables; main crops-cereals, potatoes, olives; 95% self-sufficient; food shortages-fats, meat, fish, and eggs; daily caloric intake, 3,335 calories per capita (1974) Fishing: catch 337,994 metric tons (1977); exports $43 million (1977), imports $386 million (1977) Major industries: machinery and transportation equip- ment, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles Shortages: coal, fuels, minerals Crude steel: 23.3 million metric tons produced (1977), 410 kg per capita Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 January 1979 Electric power: 46,000,000 kW capacity (1977); 166.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 2,935 kWh per capita Exports: $45.0 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs, chemicals, footwear Imports: $47.6 billion (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs, ferrous and nonferrous metals, wool, cotton, petroleum Major trade partners:,(1977) 48.5% EC-nine (20% West Germany, 16% France, 5% U.K., 4% Netherlands, 3% Belgium-Luxembourg); 7% U.S.; 3% U.S.S.R. and 2% other Communist countries of Eastern Europe Aid: donor-bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $4,991 million (1970-76) Monetary conversion rate: Smithsonian rate as of December 1973, 650.4 lire=US$1; average of Friday closing rates in 1977-882 lire=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 20,690 km total; 15,970 km government- owned standard gage (1.435 m), 7,850 km electrified; 4,720 km non-government owned, 2,507 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,270 km electrified; 2,213 km narrow gage (0.950 m), 517 km electrified Highways: 286,400 km total; autostrade 4,800 km, state highways 41,200 km, provincial highways 91,200 km, communal highways 149,200 km; 254,400 km concrete, bituminous, or stone block, 24,800 km gravel and crushed stone, 7,200 km earth Inland waterways: 2,500 km navigable routes Pipelines: crude oil, 1,770 km; refined products, 2,179 km; natural gas, 13,079 km Ports: 16 major, 22 significant minor Civil air: 123 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in and 1 leased out) Airfields: 151 total, 151 usable; 81 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 29 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: well engineered, well constructed, and efficiently operated; 15.2 million telephones (27.1 per 100 popl.); 135 AM, 660 FM, and 900 TV stations; 16 coaxial submarine cables; 2 communication satellite ground stations with Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,745,000; 11,547,000 fit for military service; 460,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $4,957.2 million; about 7.1% of proposed central government budget Cuff of Guinea Atlantic Ocean (See reference map VI) I LAND 323,750 km2; 40% forest and woodland, 8% cultivated, 52% grazing, fallow, and waste; 322 km of lagoons and connecting canals extend east-west along eastern part of the coast Land boundaries: 3,227 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 515 km PEOPLE Population: 7,365,000, resident African population only, (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Ivorian(s); adjective-Ivorian Ethnic divisions: 7 major indigenous ethnic groups; no single tribe more than 20% of population; most important are Agni, Baoule, Krou, Senoufou, Mandingo; approximately 2 million foreign Africans, mostly Upper Voltans; about 75,000 to 90,000 non-Africans (50,000 to 60,000 French and 25,000 to 30,000 Lebanese) Religion: 66% animist, 22% Muslim, 12% Christian Language: French official, over 60 native dialects, Dioula most widely spoken Literacy: about 65% at primary school level Labor force: over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agriculture, remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions Organized labor: 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of the Ivory Coast Type: republic, one-party presidential regime established 1960 104 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Capital: Abidjan Political subdivisions: 24 departments subdivided into 127 subprefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Abidjan School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 7 December Branches: President has sweeping powers, unicameral legislature, separate judiciary Government leader: President Felix Houphouet-Boigny Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: uncontested Presidential and legislative elec- tions held in November 1975 for 5-year term Political parties and leaders: Parti Democratique de la Cote d`Ivoire (PDCI), (only party); official party leader is Secretary General Philippe Yace, but Houphouet-Boigny is in control Communists: no Communist party; possibly some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $6.7 billion (1978 est.), $940 capita; average annual growth rate in constant prices, 7.5% (1975-78) Agriculture: commercial-coffee, cocoa, wood, bananas, pineapples, palm oil; food crops-corn, millet, yams, rice; other commodities-cotton, rubber, tobacco, fish; self- sufficient in most foodstuffs, but rice, sugar, and meat imported Fishing: catch 76,995 metric tons (1976); exports $12.8 million (1975), imports $33.6 million (1975) Major industries: food and lumber processing, oil refinery, automobile assembly plant, textiles, soap, flour mill, matches, three small shipyards, fertilizer plant, and battery factory Electric power: 525,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 170 kWh per capita Exports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1978 est.); cocoa (80%), coffee, tropical woods, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil Imports: $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1978 est.); manufactured goods and semi-finished products (50%), consumer goods (40%), raw materials and fuels (10%) Major trade partners: France and other EC countries about 65%, U.S. 13%, Communist countries about 1% Aid: economic-(1970-76) Western (non-U.S.), $818.16 million; U.S., $91.0 million; Communist countries, $0.2 million Budget: 1978, proposed-revenues $1.7 billion, current expenditures $1.0 billion, investment expenditures $900 million Monetary conversion rate: about 245.67 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 657 km of the 1,173 km Abidjan to Ouagadou- gou, Upper Volta line, all single track meter gage (1.00 m); only diesel locomotives in use Highways: 46,775 km total; 2,388 km bituminous and bituminous-surface treatment; 33,097 km gravel, crushed stone, laterite, and improved earth; 11,190 km unimproved Inland waterways: 740 km navigable rivers and numer- ous coastal lagoons Ports: 2 major (Abidjan, San Pedro), 3 minor Civil air: 20 major transport aircraft Airfields: 50 total, 48 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: system only slightly above African average; consists of open-wire lines and radio relay links, which provide incomplete coverage of country; Abidjan is only center; 58,700 telephones (0.9 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 4 FM, and 6 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 1 coaxial submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,680,000; 865,000 fit for military service; 78,000 males reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $142,697,665; about 7.2% of total operating budget JAMAICA LAND 11,422 km2; 21% arable, 23% meadows and pastures, 19% forested, 37% waste, urban, or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,022 km PEOPLE Population: 2,217,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Jamaican(s); adjective-Jamaican Ethnic divisions: African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3.4%, white 3.2%, other 0.9% Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Religion: predominantly Protestant, some lie, some spiritualist cults Language: English JAMAICA Communists: Communist Party of Jamaica (1975) and Worker's Party of Jamaica (1978) probably have combined membership of only several hundred Other political or pressure groups: New World Group (Caribbean regionalists, nationalists, and leftist intellectual fraternity); Rastafarians (Negro religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Creation International Peacemakers Tabernacle (leftist group); Workers Liberation League (a Marxist coalition of students/labor) Member of: CARICOM, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS, Pan American Health Organization, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO Literacy: government claims 82%, but probably only about one-half of that number are functionally literate Labor force: 672,000 (1975); 29% in agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining, 12% manufacturing/mining, 8% public administration, 5% construction, 10% commerce, 3% trans- portation and utilities, 33% services; 25% unemployed; shortage of technical and managerial personnel Organized labor: about 25% of labor force (1966) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Jamaica Type: independent state within Commonwealth August 1962, recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Kingston Political subdivisions: Andrew corporate area cuBA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Legal system: based on English common accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 7 August Branches: cabinet headed by Prime Minister; 60-member elected House of Representatives; 21-member Senate (13 nominated by the Prime Minister, 8 by opposition leader); judiciary follows British tradition under a Chief Justice Government leader: Prime Minister Michael N. Manley; Governor General Florizel Glasspole Suffrage: universal, age 18 and over Elections: at discretion of Governor-General upon advice of Prime Minister but within 5 years; latest held 15 December 1976 Political parties and leaders: People's National Party (PNP), Michael Manley; Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward Seaga Voting strength: (1976 general 43.2% JLP ECONOMY GDP: $3.4 billion (1977), $1,610 per capita; real growth rate 1977, -4.0% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, citrus fruits, ba- nanas, pimento, coconuts, coffee, cocoa Major industries: bauxite mining, textiles, food process- ing, light manufactures, tourism Electric power: 850,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,230 kWh per capita Exports: $745 million (f.o.b., 1977); alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, citrus fruits and fruit products, rum, cocoa Imports: $863 million (c.i.f., 1977); fuels, machinery, transportation and electrical equipment, food, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 44%, U.K. 20%, Norway 11%, Canada 8%; imports-U.S. 36%, U.K. 10%, Canada 6% (1977) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (FY70/76) from U.S., $127.2 million; from other Western countries, $197.1 million; from OPEC, $9 million; from Communist countries, $9.7 million; no military aid Budget: (1978/79)-revenue $803 million, expenditure $1,119 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jamaican dollar=US$0.645 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 330 km, all standard gage (1.435 m), single track Highways: 11,250 km total; 7,600 km paved, 2,150 km gravel, 1,500 km improved earth Pipelines: refined products, 10 km Ports: 3 major (Kingston, Montego Bay, Montego Free- port), 10 minor Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 42 total, 22 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fully automatic domestic telephone network with 109,000 telephones (5.4 per 100 popl.); 1 106 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 8 AM, 11 FM, and 9 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 438,000; 313,000 fit for military service; no conscription; average number currently reaching minimum volunteer age (18) 28,000 Supply: dependent on U.K. and U.S. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1978, $26.6 million; about 2.2% of central government budget JAPAN LAND 370,370 km2; 16% arable and cultivated, 3% grassland, 12% urban and waste, 69% forested WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 12,075 km Japan; 1,610 km Ryukyus PEOPLE Population: 115,493,000, including Ryukyus (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.99k (current) Nationality: noun-Japanese (sing., pl.); adjective- Japanese Ethnic divisions: 99.2% Japanese, 0.8% other (mostly Korean) Religion: most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16% belong to other faiths, including 0.8% Christian Language: Japanese Literacy: 97.8% of those 15 years old and above (1960 data) Labor force (1977): 54.5 million; 11% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 34% manufacturing, mining, and construction; 48% trade and services; 5% government; 2.0% unemployed Organized labor: 33.7% of labor force GOVERNMENT .Legal name: Japan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Tokyo - Political subdivisions: 47 prefectures (Ryukyus became 47th prefecture on 15 May 1972) Legal system: civil law system with English-American influence; constitution promulgated in 1946; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Birthday of the Emperor, 29 April Branches: Emperor is merely symbol of state; executive power is vested in cabinet dominated by the Prime Minister, chosen by the Lower House of the bicameral, elective legislature (Diet); judiciary is independent Government leader: Emperor Hirohito; Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: general elections held every 4 years or upon dissolution of Lower House, triennially for one-half of Upper House Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), T. Fukuda, President; Japan Socialist Party (JSP), I. Asukata, Chairman; Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), R. Sasaki, Chairman; Japan Communist Party (JCP), K. Miyamoto, Presidium Chairman; Komeito (CGP), Y. Takeiri, Chairman; New Liberal Club (NLC), Y. Kono; Social Democratic Federation (SDF)? H. Den Voting strength (1977 election): 37.6% LDP, 21.6% JSP, 10.2% CGP, 9.6% JCP, 5.6% DSP, 4.8% NLC, minor parties, 6.1% independents Communists: 350,000; 3,000,000 sympathizers Member of: ADB, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $685 billion (1977, at 268.2 yen=US$1); $6,010 per capita (1976); 53% personal consumption, 33% investment, 9% government current expenditure; real growth rate 5.2% (1977); average annual growth rate (1974-76), 2.4% Agriculture: land intensively cultivated-rice, sugar, vegetables, fruits; 72% self-sufficient in food (1974); food Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 shortages-meat, wheat, feed grains, edible oil and fats; caloric intake, 2,502 calories per day per capita (1974) Fishing: catch 10.6 million metric tons (1976) Major industries: metallurgical and engineering indus- tries, electrical and electronic industries, textiles, chemicals Shortages: fossil fuels, most industrial raw materials Crude steel: 102 million metric tons produced (1977) Electric power: 123,793,000 kW capacity (1977); 537 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,690 kWh per capita Exports: $79.3 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 63% machinery and equipment, 18% metals and metal products, 6% textiles Imports: $62.0 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 44% fossil fuels, 7% metals and metal products, 14% foodstuffs, 7% machinery and equipment Major trade partners: exports-25% U.S., 6% Communist countries, 11% EC, 3% Australia, 41% other; imports-18% U.S., 8% Australia, 6% EC, 5% Communist countries Aid: Japanese official foreign economic aid disbursements 1975, $1,148 million Budget: revenues $120 billion, expenditures $177 billion, deficit $57 billion (general account for fiscal year ending March 1979) Monetary conversion rate: 190.2 yen==US$1 (September 1978 average rate), floating since February 1973 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 28,912 km total (1976); 1,077 km standard gage (1.435 m), 27,835 km predominantly narrow gage (1.067 m), 6,195 km double track, 7,376 km or 26% of total route length electrified; 73% government-owned Highways: 1,067,643 km total (1976); 338,343 km paved, most of remainder gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: approx. 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal "inland seas" Pipelines: crude oil, 109 km; natural gas, 1,847 km Ports: 53 major, over 2,000 minor Civil air: 241 major transport aircraft Airfields: 186 total, 176 usable; 122 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 43 with runways 1,220-2,439 in, 5 seaplane stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 30,441,000; 25,522,000 fit for military service; about 815,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: defense industry potential is large, with capability of producing the most sophisticated equipment; manufac- tured equipment includes small arms artillery, armored vehicles, and other types of ground forces materiel, aircraft (jet and prop), naval vessels (submarines, guided missile and other destroyers, patrol craft, mine warfare ships, and other minor craft including amphibious, auxiliaries, service craft, and small support ships), small amounts of all types of army materiel Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $9.5 billion; about 5.5% of total budget JORDAN NOTE: The war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in control of West Jordan. Although approximately 930,000 persons resided in this area prior to the start of the war, fewer than 750,000 of them remain there under the Israeli occupation, the remainder having fled to East Jordan. Over 14,000 of those who fled were repatriated in August 1967, but their return has been more than offset by other Arabs who have crossed and are continuing to cross from West to East Jordan. These and certain other effects of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war are not included in the data below. LAND 96,089 km2 (including about 5,439 km2 occupied by Israel); 11% agricultural, 88% desert, waste, or urban, 1% forested Land boundaries: 1,770 km (1967, 1,668 km excluding occupied areas) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 26 km PEOPLE Population: 3,008,000, including West Bank and East Jerusalem (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.2% (7-70 to 7-76); East Bank, 2,224,000, average annual growth 108 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 rate 3.6% (7-70 to 7-76); West Bank, including East Jerusalem, 784,000, average annual growth rate 1.9% (1-71 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Jordanian(s); adjective-Jordanian Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% Circassian, 1% Armenian Religion: 90%-92% Sunni Muslim, 8%-10% Language: Arabic official, English widely among upper and middle classes than 60% in West Jordan Labor force: 638,000; less Organized labor: 9.8% of GOVERNMENT Christian understood Jordan; somewhat less Legal name: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: `Amman Political subdivisions: 8 governorates (3 are under Israeli occupation) under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law and French codes; constitution adopted 1952; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: King holds balance of power; Prime Minister exercises executive authority in name of King; Cabinet appointed by King and responsible to parliament; bicameral parliament with House of Representatives last chosen by national elections in April 1967, and dissolved by King in February 1976; Senate last appointed by King in November 1974; met briefly in February 1976 to amend constitution allowing King to postpone elections; present parliament subservient to executive; secular court system based on differing legal systems of the former Transjordan and Palestine; law Western in concept and structure; Sharia (religious) courts for Muslims, and religious community council courts for non-Muslim communities; desert police carry out quasi-judicial functions in desert areas Government leader: King Hussein Suffrage: all citizens over age 20 Political parties and leaders: political party activity illegal since 1957; Palestine Liberation Organization and various smaller fedayeen groups clandestinely active on West Bank; Muslim Brotherhood Communists: party actively repressed, membership mated at less than 500 Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $1.9 billion (East Bank only, 1977 est.), $870 per capita; real growth rate (1973-77), 14% Agriculture: main crops-fruits, vegetables, olive oil, wheat; not self-sufficient in many foodstuffs Major industries: phosphate mining, petroleum refining, and cement production, light manufacturing Electric power: 250,000 kW capacity (1978); 700 million kWh produced (1978), 200 kWh per capita, East Bank only Exports: $249 million (f.o.b., 1977); fruits and vegetables, phosphate rock; Communist share 5% of total (1977) Imports: $1,376 million (c.i.f., 1977); petroleum products, textiles, capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs; Communist share 9% of total (1977) Aid: economic-OPEC (ODA) (1973-76), $1,143.1 mil- lion; U.S. (1970-76), $486.3 million; Communist countries (1970-76), $26.5 million; Western countries (1970-76), $213.4 million; military-U.S. (1970-76), $459.6 million Budget: (1977 est.)-expenditures $1,005 million (non- military, $800 million, military $205 million), development $412 million; deficit $45 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jordanian dinar=US$3.04, freely convertible (1977 average); 0.3300 Jordanian din- ar=US$1 (August 1978); 1 Jordanian dinar=US$3.32 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 817 km 1.050-meter gage, single track Highways: 6,332 km total; 4,837 km paved, 1,495 km gravel and crushed stone Pipelines: crude oil, 209 km Ports: 1 major (Aqaba) Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 25 total, 16 usable; 14 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,660 m, 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate system of radio relay, wire, and radio; 44,000 telephones (1.6 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, no FM and 6 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 674,000; 476,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (18) annually 33,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $266 million; 22% of central government budget KAMPUCHEA LAND 181,300 km2; 16% cultivated, 74% forested, 10% built-on area, wasteland, and other Land boundaries: 2,438 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) 109 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 PEOPLE Population: 8,087,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Kampuchean(s); adjective-Kampu- chean Ethnic divisions: 90% Khmer (Kampuchean), 5% Chi- nese, 5% other minorities Religion: 95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% various other Language: Cambodian GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) Type: Communist state Capital: Phnom Penh Political subdivisions: 19 or 20 provinces Legal system: Judicial Committee chosen by People's Representative Assembly National holiday: 17 April Branches: State Presidium, composed of chairman and two vice chairmen; cabinet, totally Communist; 250-mem- ber People's Representative Assembly elected 20 March 1976 for 5-year term; ten-member Assembly Standing Committee Government leader: Presidium Chairman, Khieu Sam- phan; Prime Minister, Pol Pot; Deputy Prime Ministers, leng Sary, Vorn Vet, Son Sen; Assembly Standing Committee Chairman, Nuon Chea Suffrage: universal over age 18 Political parties and leaders: political life dominated by Khmer Communist Party Member of: Colombo Plan, G-77, Mekong Committee (inactive), NAM, U.N., WTO ECONOMY GNP: less than $500 million (1971), probably less than $50 per capita (1977) Agriculture: mainly subsistence except for rubber planta- tions; main crops-rice, rubber, corn; food shortages-rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour Major industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products Shortages: fossil fuels Electric power: 120,000 kW capacity (1977); 260 million kWh produced (1977), 30 kWh per capita Exports: probably less than $1 million est. (1977); natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood Imports: probably less than $20 million (1976); food, fuel, machinery Trade partners: exports-China; imports-China, North Korea Aid: commitments (1970-76): U.S. economic, $652 mil- lion; military, $1,260 million; Western (except U.S.), $10.8 million; Eastern Europe, $17 million; U.S.S.R., $25 million; China, $90 million; military-U.S., $1,334 million (FY46-76) Budget: no budget data available since Communists took over government Monetary conversion rate: no currency in use Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 612 km meter gage (1.00 m); govern- ment-owned Highways: 13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous, 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters Ports: 2 major, 5 minor Airfields: 54 total, 25 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,815,000; 1,010,000 fit for military service; 91,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: unknown LAND 582,750 km2; about 21% forest and woodland, 13% suitable for agriculture, 66% mainly grassland adequate for grazing (1971) Land boundaries: 3,368 km 110 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Assembly must be reelected at least every 5 years; High Court, with Chief justice and at least 11 justices, has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for systems of courts M1 KENYA *Nairobi of Na appeal Government leader: President Daniel T. arap Moi Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: general election (October 1974) elected present tional Assembly; next elections due 1979 Political party and leaders: Kenya Africa National Union Indian Ocean (K As ANU), president, Daniel arap Moi Voting strength: KANU holds all seats in the National sembly m- and s i t f C pa y s s ommun ew Communists: may be a thizers WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 536 km IC In Other political or pressure groups: labor unions Member of: AFDB, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, AO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC- ternational Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNEP, PEOPLE Population: 15,096,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.6% (current) U E NESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO CONOMY GDP: $3,905 million at current prices (est. 1977), $270 per Nationality: noun-Kenyan(s); adjective-Kenyan Ethnic divisions: 97% native African (including Bantu, ca pita; real average annual growth rate, 4.8% (1970-77) Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, sisal, tea, pyre- Nilotic, Hamitic and Nilo-Hamitic); 2% Asian; 1% Euro- th rum, cotton, livestock; food crops-corn, wheat, sugar- pean, Arab, and others c ane, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food Religion: 56% Christian, 36% animist, 7% Muslim, 1% Fishing: 40,883 metric tons (1976) Hindu Major industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, Language: English and Swahili official; each tribe has furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, agricultural processing, wn language cigarettes, flour), oil refining, cement o n 3 billi 1 1977 : 27% r c Lit o . ); Electric power: 420,000 kW capacity ( y e a (39%) in 000 bout 977 illi 2 5 kWh produced (1977), 90 kWh per capita , , on; a m . Labor force: monetary economy (1967) Exports: $1,361 million (f.o.b., 1977); coffee ($524 soda ash, pyrethrum roducts livestock t illi 000 215 b b , , p ea, on), m , out or: a Organized la wattle-bark tanning extract GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Kenya Type: republic within Commonwealth since December 1963 Capital: Nairobi Political subdivisions: 7 provinces plus Nairobi Area Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law and Islamic law; constitution enacted 1963; judicial review in Supreme Court; legal education at University Kenya School of Law in, Nairobi; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: 12 December Branches: President and Cabinet responsible to unicam- eral legislature (National Assembly) of 170 seats, 158 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the President; Imports: $1,290 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, trans- port equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles Major trade partners: EC, Japan, Iran, U.S., Zambia, Uganda, Tanzania Budget: (FY77/78) current revenues $1,046 million; current expenditures $918 million; development expendi- tures $440 million Monetary conversion rate: 7.94 Kenya shillings=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,040 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 50,840 km total; 4,300 km paved, 12,160 km gravel and/or earth; 26,880 km improved earth and. 7,500 km unimproved earth Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria and Lake Rudolph systems are within boundaries of Kenya Pipelines: refined products, 483 km Ports: 1 major (Mombasa) Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft Airfields: 236 total, 218 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 37 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: in top group of African systems; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocom- munication stations; principal center Nairobi, secondary centers Mombasa and Nakuru; 132,000 telephones (1.0 per 100 pop].); 4 AM, 2 FM, and 5 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,218,000; 1,914,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $201,600,000; about 13.4% of central government budget KOREA, NORTH Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Religion: Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities now almost nonexistent Language: Korean Literacy: 90% (est.) Labor force: 6.1 million; 48% agriculture, 52% non-agri- cultural; shortage of skilled and unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic People's Republic of Korea Type: Communist state; one-man rule Capital: P'yongyang Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 2 special cities (P'yongyang and Kaesong) Legal system: based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; constitu- tion adopted 1948 and revised 1972; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 9 September Branches: Supreme Peoples Assembly theoretically super- vises Legislative and judicial function; State Administration Council (cabinet) oversees ministerial operations Government and party leaders: Kim II-song, President DPRK, and General Secretary of the Korean Workers Party; Yi Chong-ok, Premier Suffrage: universal at age 17 Elections: election to SPA every 4 years, but this constitutional provision not necessarily followed-last elec- tion November 1977 Political party: Korean Workers (Communist) Party; claimed membership of about 2 million, or about 11% of population Member of: FAO, IAEA, ICAO, IPU, IRCS, ITU, U.N. (observer status only), UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO LAND 121,730 km2; 17% arable and cultivated, 74% in forest, scrub, and brush; remainder wasteland and urban Land boundaries: 1,675 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic 200 nm, military 50 nm) Coastline: 2,495 km PEOPLE Population: 18,421,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective-Korean ECONOMY GNP: $10.0 billion (1976 in 1975 dollars), $590 per capita Agriculture: main crops-corn, rice, vegetables; food shortages-meat, cooking oils; production of foodstuffs adequate for domestic needs at low levels of consumption Major industries: machine building, electric power, chemicals, mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processing Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, coking coal, petroleum Crude steel: 2.8 million metric tons produced (1976), 106 kg per capita Electric power: 4,750,000 kW capacity (1977); 28 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,570 kWh per capita Exports: $655 million (1977); minerals, chemical and metallurgical products 112 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Imports: $777 million (1977); machinery and equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, coking coal Major trade partners: total trade turnover $1.4 billion; 38% with non-Communist countries, 62% with Communist countries (1977) Aid: economic and military aid from the U.S.S.R. and China Monetary conversion rate: 1.94 won=US$1, non-com- mercial rate Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,535 km total operating in 1976; 3,870 km standard gage (1.435 m), 665 km narrow gage (0.762 m); 259 km double tracked; about 1,140 km electrified; govern- ment-owned Highways: about 20,280 km (1976); 98.5% gravel, crushed stone, or earth surface; 1.5% concrete or bituminous Inland waterways: 2,253 km; mostly navigable by small craft only Ports: 6 major, 26 minor DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,905,000; 2,392,000 fit for military service; 192,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: announced for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $1.27 billion; about 16% of total govern- ment budget KOREA, SOUTH LAND 98,400 km2; 23% arable (22% cultivated), 10% urban and other, 67% forested Land boundaries: 241 km KOREA, NORTH/KOREA, SOUTH WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm Coastline: 2,413 km PEOPLE Population: 39,206,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective-Korean Ethnic divisions: homogeneous; small Chinese minority (approx. 20,000) Religion: strong Confucian tradition; pervasive folk religion (Shamanism); vigorous Christian minority (16.6% Christian population); Buddhism (including estimated 20,000 members of Soka Gakkai); Chondokyo (religion of the heavenly way), eclectic religion with nationalist over- tones founded in 19th century, claims about 1.5 million adherents Language: Korean Literacy: about 90% Labor force: about 12.9 million (1977); 42% agriculture, fishing, forestry; 22% mining and manufacturing; 36% services and other; average unemployment 3.8% (1977) Organized labor: about 13% of nonagricultural labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Korea Type: republic; power centralized in a strong executive Capital: Seoul Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 2 special cities; heads centrally appointed Legal system: combines elements of continental Europe- an civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought; constitution approved 1972; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 15 August Branches: executive, legislative (unicameral), judiciary, National Conference of Unification Government leaders: President Pak Chong-hui; Prime Minister Choe Kyu-ha Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: presidential every 6 years indirectly by the National Conference of Unification, last election May 1978; two-thirds of the 219-member National Assembly is elected directly for the same period within six months of the presidential election, remaining third nominated by the President and elected by the National Conference for a three-year term; last election February 1973, Revitalization Group-73 seats, Democratic Republican Party-68 seats, New Democratic Party-55 seats, Democratic Unification Party-3 seats, Independents-15 seats; National Assembly election December 1978 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Political parties and leaders: pro-government-Revital- ization Group (appointed) (Chairman, Pack Tu-Chin) and Democratic Republican Party (Acting Chairman, Yi Hyo-sang); New Democratic Party (Chairman, Yi Chol- sung); Democratic Unification (Chairman, Yang II-tong) Voting strength: (1973 election) popular vote 11,896,484; DRP 38.8%, NDP 32.8%, DUP 10.2%, Independent 18.1%, 0.1% invalid Communists: Communist activity banned by govern- ment; an estimated 37,000-50,000 former members and supporters Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; Korean Nation- al Christian Council; large potentially volatile student population concentrated in Seoul Member of: ADB, Asian Parliamentary Union, APACL- Asian People's Anti-Communist League, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, GATT, Geneva Conventions of 1949 for the protection of war victims, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, IMCO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTER- POL, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, UNESCO, U.N. Special Fund, UPU, WACL-World Anti- Communist League, WHO, WMO, WTO; official observer at U.N., does not hold U.N. membership ECONOMY GNP: $31.5 billion (1977, in 1977 prices), $880 per capita; real growth 10.3% (1977); real growth 11.7% (1972-77 average) Agriculture: 40% of the population live on the land, but agriculture, forestry and fishery constitute 24% of GNP; main crops-rice, barley; not self-sufficient; food short- ages-wheat, dairy products, corn Fishing: catch 2,421,273 metric tons (1977) Major industries: textiles and clothing, food processing, chemical fertilizers, chemicals, plywood, steel, electronics Shortages: base metals, petroleum, lumber and certain food grains Electric power: 5,790,180 kW capacity (1977); 26.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 720 kWh per capita Exports: $10.0 billion (f.o.b., 1977); textiles and clothing, electrical machinery, plywood, footwear, steel, ships Imports: $10.8 billion (c.i.f., 1977); oil, ships, steel, wood, wheat, organic chemicals, machinery Major trade partners: exports-31% U.S., 21% Japan; imports-36% Japan, 23% U.S. (1977) Aid: economic-U.S. (FY46-77), $5.8 billion committed; Japan (1965-75), $1.8 billion extended; military-U.S. (FY 46-77) $7.0 billion committed Budget: $7.3 billion (1978) Monetary conversion rate: rate fixed at 484 won=US$1 since December 1974 COMMUNICATIONS Freight carried: rail (1976) 9.2 billion metric ton/km, 43.6 million metric tons; highway 21.8 million metric tons; air (1959) 361,184 kg carried Pipelines: 515 km refined products Ports: 10 major, .18 minor Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft Airfields: 120 total, 114 usable; 55 with permanent- surface runways; 15 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,741,000; 6,340,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 416,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, $3.2 billion; about 33.2% of central government budget LAND 16,058 km2 (excluding neutral zone but including islands); insignificant amount forested; nearly all desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 459 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 499 km PEOPLE Population: 1,241,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 5.9% (current) 114 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Nationality: noun-Kuwaiti(s); adjective-Kuwaiti Ethnic divisions: 85% Arabs, 13% Iranians, Indians, and Pakistani; native Kuwaitis are a minority Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian, Hindu, Parsi, other Language: Arabic; English commonly used foreign language Literacy: about 60% Labor force: 340,000 (1976 est.); 26% manufacturing, 25% services, 35% government and professions, 9% commerce, 5% oil industry; two-thirds of labor force is non-Kuwaiti Organized labor: labor unions, first authorized in 1964, formed in oil industry and among government personnel GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Kuwait Type: nominal constitutional monarchy Capital: Kuwait Political subdivisions: 3 governorates, 10 voting constituencies Legal system: civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; constitution took effect 1963; key provisions regarding election of National Assembly suspended in August 1976; judicial review of legislative acts not yet determined; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 25 February Branches: Council of Ministers Government leader: Amir Jabir al-Ahmad al-Sabah Suffrage: native born and naturalized males age 21 or over Elections: National Assembly dissolved by Emir's decree in August 1976 Political parties and leaders: political parties prohibited, some small clandestine groups are active Communists: insignificant Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $13.9 billion (1976), $13,080 per capita est. Agriculture: virtually none, dependent on imports for food; approx. 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported Major industries: crude petroleum production average for 1977, 1.92 million b/d; government revenues from taxes and royalties on production, refining, and consumption, $8.5 billion, preliminary est. for 1976; refinery production 132 million bbls (1976), average b/d refinery capacity equaled 645,000 bbls at end of 1976; other major industries include processing of fertilizers, chemicals; building materials; flour KUWAIT/LAOS Electric power: 2,200,000 kW capacity (1978); 7 billion kWh produced (1978), 5,815 kWh per capita Exports: $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 1977), of which petroleum accounted for about 98%; nonpetroleum exports are mostly reexports, $727 million (1976 est.) Imports: $4.8 billion (c.i.f., 1977 est.); major suppliers- U.S., Japan, U.K., West Germany Aid: Western (non-U.S.) countries (1970-76), $2.0 million Budget: (FY77/78) $7.9 billion revenues Monetary conversion rate: 1 Kuwaiti dinar=US$3.68 (1978) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,545 km total; 2,255 km bituminous; 290 km earth, sand, light gravel Pipelines: crude oil, 877 km; refined products, 40 km; natural gas, 121 km Ports: 3 major (Ash Shuwaikh, Ash Shuaybah, Mina al Ahmadi), 4 minor Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft (including 6 leased in) Airfields: 11 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent international and ade- quate domestic telecommunication facilities; 140,000 tele- phones (13.0 per 100 pop1.); 3 AM, 1 FM and 3 TV stations; 1 satellite station with Indian and Atlantic Ocean antennas DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 288,000; about 168,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $845 million; 10% of central government budget LAND 236,804 kmz; 8% agricultural, 60% forests, 32% urban, waste, and other; except in very limited areas, soil is very poor; most of forested area is not exploitable Land boundaries: 5,053 km PEOPLE Population: 3,587,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Lao (sing., Lao or Laotian); adjec- tive-Lao or Laotian Ethnic divisions: 48% Lao; 14% Tribal Tai; 25% Phoutheung (Kha); 13% Meo, Yao, and other Religion: 50% Buddhist, 50% animist and other Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Language: Lao official, French predominant foreign language Literacy: about 12% Labor force: about 1-1.5 million; 80%-90% agriculture Organized labor: only labor organization is subordinate to the Communist Party GOVERNMENT Legal name: Lao People's Democratic Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Vientiane Political subdivisions: 13 provinces subdivided into districts, cantons, and villages Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 2 December Branches: President; 45-member Supreme People's Coun- cil; cabinet; cabinet is totally Communist but council contains a few nominal neutralists and non-Communists; National Congress of People's Representatives established the current government structure in December 1975 Government leaders: President, Souphanouvong; Prime Minister, Kaysone Phomvihan; Deputy Prime Ministers, Nouhak Phoumsavan, Phoumi Vongvichit, Phoun Sipaseut, and Khamtai Siphandon Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections for new National Assembly, scheduled for April 1, 1976, have been postponed Political parties and leaders: Lao People's Revolutionary Party (Communist) includes Lao Patriotic Front and Alliance Committee of Patriotic Neutralist Forces; other parties are moribund Communists: Lao People's Revolutionary Party; member- ship unknown Other political or pressure groups: non-Communist political groups are moribund; most leaders have fled the country Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Mekong Commit- tee, NAM, SEAMES, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $250 million, $70 per capita (1976 est.) Agriculture: main crops-rice (overwhelmingly domi- nant), corn, vegetables; formerly self-sufficient; food short- ages (due in part to distribution deficiencies), including rice Major industries: tin mining, timber, tobacco, textiles, electric power Shortages: capital equipment, petroleum, transportation system, trained personnel Electric power: 61,000 kW capacity (1977); 295 million kWh produced (1977), 80 kWh per capita Exports: $8.5 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); electric power, forest products, tin concentrates; coffee, undeclared exports of opium and tobacco Imports: $55 million (c.i.f., est. 1977); rice and other foodstuffs, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment Major trade partners: imports from Thailand, U.S.S.R., Japan, France, China, Vietnam; exports to Thailand and Malaysia; trade with Communist countries insignificant; Laos was once a major transit point in world gold trade, value of 1973 gold reexports $55 million Aid: economic-Communist: Eastern Europe, $4.0 mil- lion (1974-75); U.S.S.R., $66 million committed (1975-76), China, $42 million committed (1975-76); OPEC, $1.0 million (1975); Western: $151.4 million (1970-76); U.S., economic, $272.3 million (1970-75), military, $1,119.5 million (1970-75) Budget: (1973-74) receipts, 13.3 billion kip; expenditures, 36.0 billion kip; deficit 22.7 billion kip (provisional totals); 45% military, 55% civilian; no data available since Communists fully took over government in 1975 Monetary conversion rate: 400 Liberation Kips (K)=US$1.00, as of 5 May 1978 Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Highways: about 18,000 km total; 1,300 km bituminous or bituminous treated, 5,900 km gravel, crushed stone, or improved earth; 10,800 km unimproved earth and often impassable during rainy season mid-May to mid-September Inland waterways: about 4,587 km, primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 additional kilometers are sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 m Ports (river): 5 major, 4 minor 116 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Airfields: 87 'total, 77 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 776,000; 453,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching usual military age (18) annually, 37,000; no conscription -age specified Lao People's Liberation Army (LPLA): the LPLA consists of an army with naval, aviation, and militia elements Military budget: unknown LEBANON (See reference map V) LAND 10,360 km2; 27% agricultural land, 64% desert, waste, or urban, 9% forested Land boundaries: 531 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): no specific claims (fishing, 6 nm) Coastline: 225 km PEOPLE Population: 2,568,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Lebanese (sing. and pl.); adjective- Lebanese Ethnic divisions: 93% Arab, 6% Armenian, 1% other Religion: 55% Christian, 44% Muslim and Druze, 1% other (official estimates); Muslims, in fact, constitute a majority Language: Arabic (official); French is widely spoken Literacy: 86% Labor force: about 1 million economically. active; 49% agriculture, 11% industry, 14% commerce, 26% other; moderate unemployment Organized labor: about 65,000 GOVERNMENT NOTE: Between early 1975 and late 1976, Lebanon was torn by civil war between its Christians-then aided by Syrian troops-and its Muslims and their Palestinian allies. The cease-fire established in October 1976 between the domestic political groups has generally held, despite occasional fighting, although the country is still under the occupation of Arab peacekeeping forces, almost entirely Syrian. In March 1978 southern Lebanon was invaded by Israeli troops. When the Israelis withdrew in June, they turned much of the south over to a United Nations interim force, but left Christian militias in control of zones along the border. The country's own army is gradually being re- established but is still too fragile to give the central government effective power. Israel's support of the Chris- tians and Syria's recent support of the Palestinians have brought the two sides into rough equilibrium, but no progress has been made on national reconciliation or political reforms-the original cause of the war. The following description is based on the present constitutional and customary practices of the Lebanese system. Legal name: Republic of Lebanon Type: republic Capital: Beirut Political subdivisions: 5 provinces Legal system: mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, and civil law system; constitution mandated in 1920; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Lebanon; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 22 November Branches: power lies with President elected by parlia- ment (Chamber of Deputies); cabinet appointed by Presi- dent, approved by parliament; independent secular courts on French pattern; religious courts for matters of marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc.; by custom, President is a Maronite Christian, Prime Minister a Sunni Muslim, and president of parliament a Shia Muslim; each of 9 religious communities represented in parliament in proportion to national numeri- cal strength Government leader: President Ilyas Sarkis Suffrage: compulsory for all males over 21; authorized for women over 21 with elementary education Elections: Chamber of Deputies held every 4 years or within 3 months of dissolution of Chamber; latest April 1972 Political parties and leaders: political party activity is organized along sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations; all parties have well-armed militias which are still involved in occasional clashes Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Communists: only legal Communist party in Middle East; legalized in 1970; members and sympathizers estimated at 2,000-3,000 Other political or pressure groups: Palestinian guerrilla organizations Member of: Arab League, FAO, C:-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY Agriculture: fruits, wheat, corn, barley, potatoes, tobacco, olives, onions; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: service industries, food processing, textiles, cement, oil refining, chemicals, some metal fabricat- ing, tourism Electric power: 540,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 490 kWh per capita Exports: $632 million (1977) Imports: $1.5 billion (1977) Budget: (1977) expenditures $539 million, revenues $332 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.95 Lebanese pounds= US$1 as of August 1978 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 378 km total; 296 km standard gage (1.435 m), 82 km 1.050-meter gage; all single track Highways: 7,370 km total; 6,270 km paved, 450 km gravel and crushed stone, 650 km improved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 72 km Ports: 3 major (Beirut, Tripoli, Sayda), 5 minor Civil air: 34 major transport aircraft Airfields: 8 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 in; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: rebuilding program disrupted; in- ternational facilities restored, domestic being rebuilt; fair system of microwave, cable; approx 125,000 telephones (5.0 per 100 pop!.); 2 FM, 7 AM, 7 TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; 3 submarine cables. DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 560,000; 341,000 fit for military service; average of about 28,000 reach military age (18) annually LAND 30,303 km2; 15% cultivable; largely mountainous Land boundaries: 805 km PEOPLE Population: 1,291,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Mosotho (sing.), Basotho (pl'.); adjec- tive-Basotho Ethnic divisions: 99.7% Sotho, 1,600 Europeans, 800 Asians Religion: 70% or more Christian, rest animist Language: all Africans speak Sesotho vernacular; English is second language for literates Literacy: 40% Labor force: 87.4% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; 150,000 to 250,000 spend 6 months to many years as wage earners in South Africa Organized labor: negligible GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Lesotho Type: constitutional monarchy under King Moshoeshoe II; independent member of commonwealth since 1966 Capital: Maseru Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; legal education at National University of Lesotho; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 4 October Branches: executive, divided between a largely ceremo- nial King and a Prime Minister who leads cabinet of at least 7 members; Prime Minister dismissed bicameral legislature in early 1970 and subsequently ruled by decree until 1973 when he appointed Interim National Assembly to act as legislative branch; judicial-63 Lesotho courts administer 118 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 customary law for Africans, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal at Maseru has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: Prime Minister Chief Leabua Jonathan Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: elections held in January 1970; nullified allegedly because of election irregularities; subsequent elections promised at unspecified date Political parties and leaders: National Party (BNP), Chief Leabua Jonathan; Basutoland Congress Party (BCP), Ntsu Mokhehle Voting strength: in 1965 elections for National Assembly, BNP won 32 seats; BCP, 22 seats; minor parties, 4 seats Communists: negligible, Communist Party of Lesotho banned in early 1970 Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $315 million (FY74 est.), $270 per capita Agriculture: exceedingly primitive, mostly subsistence farming and livestock; principal crops are corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley Major industries: none Electric power: approximately 20 million kWh imported from South Africa (1977) Exports: labor to South Africa (remittances $120 million est. in 1976); $12.4 million (est. f.o.b., 1976), wool, mohair, wheat, cattle, diamonds, peas, beans, corn, hides, skins Imports: $154.3 million (est. c.i.f., 1976); mainly corn, building materials, clothing, vehicles, machinery, POL Major trade partner: South Africa Aid: economic-Western (non-U.S.) countries (1970-76), $95.0 million; U.S. (1970-76), $25.7 million; OPEC (ODA) (1973-76), $1.0 million Budget: (FY76) revenues, $63 million; current expendi- tures, $38 million; development budget, $25 million Monetary conversion rate: Lesotho uses the South African rand; 1 SA rand=US$1.15 (as of March 1978) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1.6 km; owned, operated, and included in the statistics of the Republic of South Africa Highways: approx. 3,916 km total; 218 km paved; 993 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 1,046 km improved, 1,659 km unimproved earth Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 21 total, 21 usable; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m, 1 with permanent surface runway Telecommunications: system a modest one consisting of a few landlines, a small radio-relay system, and minor radiocommunication stations; Maseru is the center; 3,725 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV station planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 256,000; fit for military service 136,000 LAND 111,370 km2; 20% agricultural, 30% jungle and swamps, 40% forested, 10% unclassified Land boundaries: 1,336 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 22 nm Coastline: 579 km PEOPLE Population: 1,761,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Liberian(s); adjective-Liberian Ethnic divisions: 5% descendants of immigrant Negroes; 95% indigenous Negroid African tribes including Kpelle, Bassa, Kru, Grebo, Gola, Kissi, Krahn, and Mandingo Religion: probably more Muslims than Christians; 70%-80% animist Language: English official; 28 tribal languages or dialects, pidgin English used by about 20% Literacy: about 24% over age 5 Labor force: 600,000, of which 120,000 are in monetary economy; about 2,000 non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top level management and engineering jobs Organized labor: 2% of labor force Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Liberia Type: republic in form; strong executive dominates, with few constraints Capital: Monrovia Political subdivisions: country divided into 9 counties; President appoints all officials of significance Legal system: based on U.S. constitutional theory; recent codes drawn up by Cornell University; constitution adopted 1847; amended 1907, 1926, 1934, 1955, and 1975; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law, University of Liberia; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 26 July Branches: President, elected by popular vote, limited to a single eight-year term, controls through appointive powers, authority over national expenditures, and a variety of informal sanctions; 2-house legislature elected by popular vote; judiciary consisting of Supreme Court and variety of lower courts Government leader: President William R. Tolbert, Jr. Suffrage: universal 18 years and over Elections: members of House of Representatives elected for 4-year terms, most recently in October 1975; Senate members elected for 6-year terms, one-half elected in May 1973; President Tolbert, constitutional successor to President Tubman who died in July 1971, completed the four year term to which Tubman was elected and was then elected in October 1975 for an eight-year term beginning in January 1976 Political parties and leaders: True Whig Party, in power since 1878, only political party; President Tolbert is leader Voting strength: 1975 elections uncontested; True Whig Party won all but a handful of votes Communists: no Communist Party and only a few sympathizers Member of: AFDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $923-million (1976 est.), $600 per capita; 4% current annual growth rate (1967-76) Agriculture: rubber, rice, oil palm, cassava, coffee, cocoa; imports of rice, wheat, and live cattle and beef are necessary for basic diet Fishing: catch 23,000 metric tons Industry: rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds), 10,000 b/d oil refinery Electric power: 327,000 kW capacity (1977); 980 million kWh produced (1977), 620. kWh per capita Exports: $460 million (f.o.b., 1976); iron ore, rubber, diamonds, lumber and logs, coffee, cocoa Imports: $399 million (c.i.f., 1976); machinery, transpor- tation equipment, petroleum products, manufactured goods, foodstuffs Major trade partners: U.S., West Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Belgium Aid: economic-(1970-76), Western (non-U.S.), $229.5 million; U.S., $107.2 million; military-U.S., $7.6 million Budget: (FY77) revenues $167 million, expenditures $167 million; development budget $39 million Monetary conversion rate: Liberia uses U.S. currency Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 499 km total; 354 km standard gage (1.435 m), 145 km narrow gage (1.067 m); all lines single track; rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government Highways: 7,952 km total; 603 km bituminous treated; 2,055 km gravel, and 4,731 km improved and 563 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 370 km Ports: 3 major (Monrovia, Buchanan, Greenville-Sino Harbor), 4 minor Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased in) Airfields: 80 total, 78 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph limited; main center is Monrovia; 3,400 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, 2 FM, and 3 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean Comsat station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 382,000; 204,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for year ending 30 June 1979, $8.5 million; 2.5% of central government budget LAND 1,758,610 km'; 6% agricultural, 1% forested, 93% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 4,345 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (except for Gulf of Sidra where sovereignty is claimed and northern 120 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 limit of jurisdiction fixed at 32?30'N. and the unilaterally proclaimed 100 nm zone around Tripoli) Coastline: 1,770 km PEOPLE Population: 2,816,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 4.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Libyan(s); adjective-Libyan Ethnic divisions: 97% Berber and Arab with some Negro stock; some Greeks, Maltese, Jews, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians Religion: 97% Muslim Language: Arabic; Italian and English widely understood in major cities Literacy: 35% Labor force: 900,000 of which about 350,000 are resident foreigners (est. 1977) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Type: republic; major overhaul of the constitution and government structure in March 1977 established a system of popular congresses which theoretically controls the ruling General Secretariat; nominally confederated with Egypt and Syria in Confederation of Arab Republics (CAR) on 1 September 1971 Capital: Tripoli Political subdivisions: 10 administrative provinces closely controlled by central government Legal system: based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts;. no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Law School, at University of Libya at Benghazi; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 September Branches: paramount political power and authority rests with the Secretariat of the General People's Congress which theoretically functions as a parliament with a cabinet called the General People's Committee Government leaders: Col. Mu'ammar Qadhafi; Prime Minister, 'Abd al-'Ati 'Ubaydi Suffrage: universal Elections: resentatives to the General People's Congress are drawn from popularly elected municipal committees (elections are more or less continuous) election for CAR assembly in March 1972 Political parties and leaders: Libyan Arab Socialist Union, Ahmad Shahati, Secretary General; Mu'ammar Qadhafi, President Communists: no organized party, negligible membership Other political or pressure groups: various Arab nation- alist movements and the Arab Socialist Resurrection (Bath) party with small, almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely Member of: AFDB, Arab League, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $16.6 billion (1977 at current prices), $6,260 per capita Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; approaching self-sufficiency in food Major industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts Electric power: 1,300,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 760 kWh per capita Exports: $11.4 billion (f.o.b., 1977); over 99% petroleum Imports: $5.8 billion (c.i.f., 1977) Major trade partners: imports-Italy, West Germany, U.S.; exports-Italy, West Germany, U.K., U.S., France Monetary conversion rate: 1 Libyan pound=US$3.38 Fiscal year: 1 January-31 December (beginning 1974) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 16,250 km total; 7,750 km bituminous and bituminous treated, 8,500 km gravel, crushed stone and earth Pipelines: crude oil 3,251 km; natural gas 282 km; refined products 443 km (includes 217 km liquid petroleum gas) Ports: 3 major (Tobruk, Tripoli, Benghazi), 4 minor, and 5 petroleum terminals Civil air: 39 major transport aircraft (including 8 leased in) Airfields: 86 total, 74 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 28 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Telecommunications: system is in top one-third of African systems; consists of radio-relay and tropo- spheric-scatter links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunica- tion stations; principal centers are Tripoli and Benghazi; 49,800 telephones (1.8 per 100 popl.); 15 AM, 1 FM, and 12 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 645,000; 382,000 fit for military service; about `30,000 reach military age (17) annually; conscription now being implemented Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $439 million; 5% of central government budget LIECHTENSTEIN LAND 168 km2 Land boundaries: 76 km PEOPLE Population: 22,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Liechtensteiner(s); adjective- Liechtenstein Ethnic divisions: 95% Germanic, 5% Italian and other Religion: 92% Roman Catholic Language: German (dialect) Literacy: 98% Labor force: 7,000, 3,500 foreign workers (mostly from Austria and Italy); 59% industry, 20% trade and commerce, 13% professional and other, 8% agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Principality of Liechtenstein Type: hereditary constitutional monarchy Capital: Vaduz Political subdivisions: 11 districts Legal system: based on Swiss law; constitution adopted 1921; judicial review of legislative acts in a special Constitutional Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: unicameral Parliament, hereditary Prince, independent judiciary Government leaders: Head of State, Grand Duke Jean; Prime Minister Gaston Thorn Suffrage: males age 20 and over Elections: every 4 years; next elections 1978 Political parties and leaders: Fatherland Union Party (VU), Dr. Alfred Hilbe; Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP), Dr. Gerard Batliner Voting strength (1974 election): FBP over 50% Communists: none Member of: IAEA, ITU, UPU, considering U.N. member- ship; desires affiliation with The Council of Europe; under a 1923 treaty, Switzerland handles Liechtenstein's post and telegraph systems, customs, and foreign relations, WIPO ECONOMY Liechtenstein has a prosperous economy based primarily on small-scale light industry and some farming. Textiles, ceramics, precision instruments, pharmaceuticals, and canned foods are the principal manufactures, intended almost entirely for export. Industry accounts for 95 percent of total employment. Livestock raising and dairying are the main sources of income in the small farm sector. A major source of income to the government is the sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors, estimated at $6 million annually. In addition, low business taxes and easy incorpo- rated rules have induced between 20,000 and 30,000 holding companies, so-called letter box companies, to establish nominal offices in the principality. The average tax paid by one of these companies is about $400 a year. The Liechtenstein economy is tied closely to that of Switzerland in a customs union. No national accounts data are available. GNP: $291 million (1977 provisional) Major trade partners: exports (1975)-$202 million; 50.6% EFTA, 41.4% Switzerland, 26.7%. EEC; exports (1977)-$273 million Electric power: 23,000 kW capacity (1977); 56 million kWh produced (1977), 2,240 kWh per capita; power is exchanged with Switzerland, but net exports average 35 million kWh yearly Budget: (1978 est.) revenues $104.1 million, expenditures $75.2 million, surplus $28.9 million COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 16.00 km, standard gage (1.435 m), electrified; 122 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways Highways: no information on total kilometers Civil air: 2 major -transport aircraft registered and operated in Switzerland Airfields: none Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serv- ing about 16,200 telephones (67.7 per 100 pop].); no broadcast facilities DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of Switzerland LUXEMBOURG LAND 2,590 km2; 25% arable, 27% meadows and pasture, 15% waste or urban, 33% forested, negligible amount of inland water Land boundaries: 356 km PEOPLE Population: 358,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Luxembourger(s); adjective-Luxem- bourg Ethnic divisions: 83% Luxembourger, including an estimated 5% of Italian descent; remainder French, German, Belgian, etc. Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, remaining 3% Protestant and Jewish Language: Luxembourgish, German, French; most edu- cated Luxembourgers also speak English Literacy: 98% Labor force: (1977) 147,300; one-third of labor force is foreign, comprised mostly of workers from Portugal, Italy, France, Belgium, and West Germany (1977); unemployment 0.2% (1977) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Luxembourg Political subdivisions: unitary state, but for administra- tive purposes has 3 districts (Luxembourg, Diekirch, Grevenmacher) and 12 cantons Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1868; judicial review of legislative acts in the Cassation Court only; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 23 June Branches: parliamentary democracy; seven ministers comprise Council of Government headed by President, which constitutes the executive; it is responsible to the unicameral legislature, the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State, appointed for indefinite term, exercises some powers of an upper house; judicial power exercised by independent courts Government leaders: Grand Duke Jean, Head of State; Gaston Thorn, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: every 5 years for entire Chamber of Deputies; latest elections May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Christian Social Party, Pierre Werner (Parliamentary President) and Jacques Santer (Party President); Socialist, Lydie Schmit (Party President); Social Democrat, Henry Cravatte (Party President); Demo- cratic, Gaston Thorn (Party President and Prime Minister); Communist, Dominique Urbany Voting strength in Chamber of Deputies (1974): Christian Socialist, 18; Socialist Workers, 17; Democrats, 14; Social Democrats, 5; Communists, 5 Communists: 500 party members (1974) Other political or pressure groups: group of steel industries representing iron and steel industry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural producers; Christian and Socialist labor unions, Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation Member of: Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.5 billion, $6,900 per capita (1977); 58.1% private consumption, 14.5% government consumption, 28.3% invest- ment, 2.8% change in stocks; -3.7% net foreign balance Agriculture: mixed farming; main crops-grains, pota- toes, fodder beets; food shortages-sugar, bread grains, fats Major industries: iron and steel (25% of GNP), food processing, chemicals, metal products and engineering, tires Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Crude steel: 4.28 million metric tons produced (1977), 12 metric tons per capita Electric power: 1,350,000 kW capacity (1977); 1,300 million kWh produced (1977), 3,591 kWh per capita Exports, Imports, Major trade partners: Luxembourg has a customs union with Belgium under which foreign trade is recorded jointly for the two countries; Luxembourg's principal exports are iron and steel products, principal imports are coal and consumer goods; most of its foreign trade is with Germany, Belgium, France, and other EC countries (for totals, see Belgium) Budget: (1977) expenditures $1,056 million, revenues $1,066 million, surplus $10 million Monetary conversion rate: LF35.841=US$1, 1977 aver- age; under the BLEU agreement, the Luxembourg franc is equal in value to the Belgian franc which circulates freely in Luxembourg Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 270 km standard gage (1.435 m); 160 km double track; 136 km electrified Highways: 5,057 km total; 4,911 paved, 78 km gravel; 62 km earth; about 80 km limited access divided highway completed or under construction Inland waterways: 37 km; Moselle River Pipelines: refined products, 48 km Port: (river) Mertert Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: adequate and efficient system; 158,000 telephones (44.2 per 100 popl.); 4 AM, 3 FM, 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 90,000; 75,000 fit for military service; about 3,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $32 million, 3% of the central government budget LAND 15.5 km2; 10% agricultural, 90% urban Land boundaries: 201 m WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm; fishing, 12 nm Coastline: 40 km 1IHGNG KONG MACAO PEOPLE Population: 285,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Macaon(s); adjective-Macaon Ethnic divisions: 99% Chinese, 1% Portuguese Religion: mainly Buddhist; 17,000 Catholics, about one-half are Chinese Language: 98% Chinese, 2% Portuguese Literacy: almost 100% among Portuguese and Macanese; no data on Chinese population Labor force: 5% agriculture, 30% manufacturing, 3% construction, 1% utilities, 27% commerce, 8% transportation and communications, 26% services (1960 data) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Province of Macao Type: overseas province of Portugal Capital: Lisbon (Portugal) Political subdivisions: municipality of Macao, and 2 islands Legal system: Portuguese civil law system Branches: 17-member Legislative Assembly, with Gover- nor and 5 appointed, 1 specially nominated, and 10 elected representatives Government leader: Col. Eduardo Garcia Leandro Suffrage: Portuguese, Chinese and foreign residents over 18 Elections: conducted every 4 years; last held 1976 Political parties and leaders: Association to Defend the Interests of Macao; Macao Democratic Center; Group to Study the Development of Macao; Macao Independent Group Communists: numbers unknown Other political or pressure groups: wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local interests, wealthy pro-Com- 124 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 munist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 Macao Government acceded to Chinese demands which gave Chinese veto power over administration of the enclave ECONOMY Agriculture: main crops-rice, vegetables; food short- ages-rice, vegetables, meat; depends mostly on imports for food requirements Major industries: textiles, fireworks Electric power: 116,000 kW capacity (1977); 210 million kWh produced (1977), 840 kWh per capita Exports: $185 million (f.o.b., 1976); textiles and clothing, foodstuffs Imports: $160 million (c.i.f., 1976) Major trade partners: exports-23% West Germany, 17% France, 10% U.K.; imports-68% Hong Kong, 24% China (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 5.4 patacas=US$1 (December 1975); pataca has been pegged to Hong Kong dollar starting in 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 42 km paved Ports: 1 major Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: fairly modern communication fa- cilities provide adequate services for domestic and interna- tional requirements; broadcasting coverage is provided by AM and FM radio facilities and a wired broadcast network; 11,765 telephones; 75,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, 2 FM and no TV stations; no submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 60,000; 35,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of Portugal Personnel: there are no Portuguese military personnel'in Macao MADAGASCAR LAND 595,700 kmz; 5% cultivated, 58% pastureland, 21% forested, 8% wasteland, 2% rivers and lakes, 6% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 4,828 km PEOPLE Population: 8,258,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Malagasy (sing. and pl.); adjective- Malagasy Ethnic divisions: basic split between highlanders of predominantly Malayo-Indonesian origin, consisting of Mer- ina (1,643,000) and related Betsileo (760,000), on the one hand, and coastal tribes with mixed Negroid, Malayo-Indo- nesian, and Arab ancestry on the other; coastal tribes include Betsimisaraka 941,000, Tsimihety 442,000, Sakalava 375,000, Antaisaka 415,000; there are also 10-12,000 European French, 5,000 Indians of French nationality, and 5,000 Creoles Religion: more than half animist; about 41% Christian, 7% Muslim Language: French and Malagasy official Literacy: 45% of population age 10 and over Labor force: about 3.4 million, of which 90% are nonsalaried family workers engaged in subsistence agricul- ture; of 175,000 wage and salary earners, 26% agriculture, 17% domestic service, 15% industry, 14% commerce, 11% construction, 9% services, 6% transportation, 2% miscel- laneous Organized labor: 4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of Madagascar Type: republic; real authority in hands of military- dominated Supreme Revolutionary Council Capital: Antananarivo Political subdivisions: 6 provinces Legal system: based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; constitution of 1959 modified in October 1972 by law establishing provisional government Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 institutions; new constitution accepted by referendum in December 1975; legal education at National School of Law, University of Madagascar; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 26 June Branches: executive-a 21-member Supreme Revolution- ary Council (made up of military and political leaders); assisted by cabinet called Council of Ministers; People's National Assembly; Military Committee for Development; regular courts are patterned after French system, and a High Council of Institutions reviews all legislation to determine its constitutional validity Government leader: Commander Didier Ratsiraka, President Suffrage: universal for adults (18 and above) Elections: referendum held in December 1975 gave overwhelming approval to government and new constitu- tion; elections for People's National Assembly held in June 1977; only one political grouping allowed to take part in the election, "The Front for the Defense of Malagasy Socialist Revolution," which presented a single list of candidates Political parties and leaders: 6 parties are now allowed political activity under the National Front and are represented on the Supreme Revolutionary Council; the 6 parties are: AREMA (President Ratsiraka's Advance Guard of the Malagasy Revolution); AKFM (Pastor Richard Andriamanjato's pro-Soviet Congress Party for Malagasy Independence); VONJY (Dr. Pazanabahiny Marojama's Movement for National Unity); UDECMA (Norbert Andria- morasata's Malagasy Christian Democratic Union); MFM (Manandafy Rakotonirina's Militants for the Establishment of a Proletarian Regime); MONIMA (Mouvement Nationale pour L'Independence de Madagascar) party apparently split over issue of joining National Front, leader of faction supporting Front unknown, Monja Jaona leads other faction Voting strength: number of registered voters (1977)-3.5 million; in 1977 local elections, President Ratsiraka's AREMA captured approximately 89.5% of the 73,000 available positions on 11,400 local Executive Committees; AKFM won about 7.3% of the seats, MONIMA 1.7%, and VONJY 1.4%; UDECMA won only about 45 seats Communists: Communist party of virtually no impor- tance; small and vocal group of Communists has gained strong position in leadership of AKFM, the rank and file of which is non-Communist Member of: EAMA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICO, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $2.0 billion (1977), about $250 per capita; real growth less than 1% (1970-75) Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, vanilla, cloves, sugar, tobacco, sisal, rice, raphia; food crops-rice, cassava, cereals, potatoes, corn, beans, bananas, coconuts, and peanuts; animal husbandry widespread; imports some rice, milk, and cereal Fishing: catch 54,950 metric tons (1976); exports $16.5 million (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories, brewery, tanneries, sugar refining), light consumer goods industries (textiles, glassware), cement plant, auto assembly plant, paper mill, oil refinery Electric power: 95,000 kW capacity (1977); 465 million kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Exports: $294 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); 30% coffee, 8% vanilla, 7% sugar, 6% cloves; agricultural and livestock products account for about 85% of export earnings Imports: $318 million (c.i.f., 1977 est.); about 19% consumer goods, 21% foodstuffs, 41% primary products (crude oil, fertilizers, metal products), 19% capital goods (1974) Major trade partners: France (in 1974 accounted for 37% of exports and 48% of imports), U.S., EC; trade with Communist countries remains a minute part of total trade Budget: (1977) revenues $331 million, expenditures $344 million Monetary conversion rate: 248 Malagasy francs=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 884 km of meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 27,500 km total; 4,525 km paved, 228 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; remainder improved and unimproved earth (est.) Inland waterways: of local importance only, Lake Alaotra, isolated streams and portions of Canal des Pangalanes Ports: 4 major (Tamatave, Diego Suarez, Majunga, Tulear) Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 194 total, 120 usable; 28 with permanent-sur- face runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system above African average; includes open-wire lines, some radio-relay and coaxial links and 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station; 28,000 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,759,000; 1,041,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 80,000 126 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Supply: nearly all from France in the past, now mostly from West and East European countries; also PRC and North Korea MALAWI LAND 95,053 km2; about 31% of land area arable (of which less than half is cultivated), nearly 25% forested, 6% meadow and pasture, 38% other Land boundaries: 2,881 km PEOPLE Population: 5,777,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.9% (8-66 to 10-77) Nationality: noun-Malawian(s); adjective-Malawian Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, less than 1% European and Asian Religion: majority animist; rest Christian and Muslim Language: English and Chichewa official; Lomwe is second African language Literacy: 15% of population Labor force: 225,000 wage earners employed in Malawi (1974); 30% agriculture, 11% construction, 10% commerce, 13% manufacturing, 10% administration, 26% miscellaneous services; 6,000 Europeans permanently employed Organized labor: small minority of wage earners are unionized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Malawi Type: republic since July 1966; independent member of Commonwealth since July 1964 Capital: Lilongwe Political subdivisions: 3 administrative regions and 24 districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution adopted 1964; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Republic Day, 6 July Branches: strong presidential system with cabinet ap- pointed by President; unicameral National Assembly of 87 elected and up to 15 nominated members; High Court with Chief Justice and at least 2 justices Government leader: Life President Dr. H. Kamuzu Banda Suffrage: universal adult (21 years) Elections: parliamentary elections June 1978 Political parties and leaders: Malawi Congress Party (MCP), Secretary General E. Bakili Muluzi, Deputy Secretary Robson W. Chirwa Communists: no Communist Party; Malawi maintains no foreign relations with Communist governments Member of: AFDB, EEC (associate member), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, . WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $683.1 million (1977), $130 per capita; real average annual ' growth rate (1970-77) 8.6% Agriculture: cash crops-tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton, tung, maize; subsistence crops-corn, sorghum, millet, pulses, root crops, fruit, vegetables, rice Electric power: 105,000 kW capacity (1977); 315 million kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Major industries: agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar), sawmilling, cement, consumer goods Exports: $215.30 million (f.o.b., 1977 est.); tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton Imports: $256 billion (c.i.f., 1977 est.); manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, building and construction materials, fuel, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-U.K., U.S., South Africa, Netherlands; imports-South Africa, U.K., Japan, U.S., FRG, Netherlands Aid: economic-(1970-76) Western (non-U.S.) countries, $256.1 million; U.S., $7.3 million Budget: FY77/78 revenues $92 million; expenditures $86 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Malawi kwacha=US$1.16 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 668 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 14,913 km total; 1,385 km paved; 631 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 8,714 km improved earth, 4,183 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Malawi, 1,290 km and Shire River, 144 km, 3 lake ports Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Ports: no maritime ports Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 48 total, 48 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is above average for African countries and consists of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; principal centers are Blantyre, Zomba, Lilongwe, and Muzuzu; 19,800 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 4 FM and no TV stations; 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,104,000; about 558,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $20.6 million; 6.8% of recurrent central government budget NOTE: Malaysia, which came into being on 16 September Coastline: 2,068 km Peninsular Malaysia, 2,607 km East Malaysia PEOPLE Population: 13,099,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Peninsular Malaysia: 10,926,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (8-70 to 1-77) Sabah: 967,000, average annual growth rate 4.8% (8-70 to 1-77) Sarawak: 1,206,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (8-70 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Malaysian(s); adjective-Malaysian Ethnic divisions: Malaysia: 50% Malay, 35% Chinese, 10% Indian Peninsular Malaysia: 53% Malay, 35% Chinese, 11% Indian and Pakistani, 1% other Sabah: 21% Chinese, 69% indigenous tribes, 10% other Sarawak: 30% Chinese, 50% indigenous tribes, 19% Malay, 1% other Religion: Peninsular Malaysia: Malays nearly all Muslim, Chinese predominantly Buddhists, Indians predominantly Hindu Sabah: 38% Muslim, 17% Christian, 45% other Sarawak: 23% Muslim, 24% Buddhist and Confucianist, 16% Christian, 35% tribal religion, 2% other Language: Peninsular Malaysia: Malay (official); English, Chinese dialects, Tamil Sabah: English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Mandarin and Hakka dialects predominate among Chinese Sarawak: English, Malay, Mandarin, numerous tribal languages Literacy: 1963, consists of Peninsular Malaysia, which includes 11 states of the former Federation of Malaya, plus East Malaysia, which includes the 2 former colonies of North Borneo (renamed Sabah) and Sarawak Peninsular Malaysia: about Sabah and Sarawak: 23% Labor force: Malaysia: 4.2 million (1975) 48% LAND Peninsular Malaysia: 131,313 km2; 20% cultivated, 26% forest reserves, 54% other Sabah: 76,146 km2; 13% cultivated, 34% forest reserves, 53% other Sarawak: 125,097 km2; 21% cultivated, 24% forest reserves, 55% other Land boundaries: 509 km Peninsular Malaysia, 1,786 km East Malaysia WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Peninsular Malaysia: 3.6 million; 46.2% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 10.9% manufacturing and construction, 31.9% trade, transport, and services (1975) Sabah: 213,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manufacturing and construction, 13% trade and transportation, 1% other Sarawak: 341,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manufacturing and construction, 13% trade, transportation, and services, 1% other Organized labor: 500,000 (1975 est.), about 15% of total labor force; unemployment about 7% of total labor force, but higher in urban areas 128 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Malaysia Type: Malaysia: constitutional monarchy nominally headed by Paramount Ruler (King); a bicameral Parliament consisting of a 58-member Senate and a 154-member House of Representatives Peninsular Malaysian states: hereditary rulers in all but Penang and Malacca where Governors appointed by Malaysian Government; powers of state governments limited by federal constitution Sabah: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 16 seats in House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government Sarawak: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 24 seats in House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, and internal security, and other powers are delegated to federal government Capital: Peninsular Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur Sabah: Kota Kinabalu Sarawak: Kuching Political subdivisions: 13 states (including Sabah and Sarawak) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into force 1963; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of Supreme Head of the Federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 31 August Branches: 9 state rulers alternate as Paramount Ruler for 5-year terms; locus of executive power vested in Prime Minister and cabinet, who are responsible to bicameral parliament; following communal rioting in May 1969, government imposed state of emergency and suspended constitutional rights of all parliamentary bodies; parliamen- tary democracy resumed in February 1971 Peninsular Malaysia: executive branches of 11 states vary in detail but are similar in design; a Chief Minister, appointed by hereditary ruler or Governor, heads an executive council (cabinet) which is responsible to an elected, unicameral legislature Sarawak and Sabah: executive branch headed by Governor appointed by central government, largely ceremo- nial role; executive power exercised by Chief Minister who heads parliamentary cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature; judiciary part of Malaysian judicial system Government leader: Prime Minister Hussein bin Onn Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: minimum of every 5 years, last elections July 1978 Political parties and leaders: Peninsular Malaysia: National Front, a confederation of 11 political parties dominated by United Malays National Organization (UMNO), Hussein Onn; opposition parties are Democratic Action Party (DAP) and Islamic Party (PAS) Sabah: Berjaya Party, Datak Harris Sallah; United Sabah National Organization (USNO), Tan Sri Haji Mohd Said Keruak; Sabah Chinese Association (SCA), Khoo Siak Chiew Sarawak: coalition Sarawak Alliance composed of the Pesaka/Bumipatra Party, Rahman Yaacub, the United People's Party (SUPP), Ong Kee Hui, and Sarawak Chinese Association; Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Stephen Ningkan; Sarawak Native Peoples Party (PAJAR), Alli Kawi Voting strength: Peninsular Malaysia: (1978 election) National Front, 131 of 154 seats in lower house of parliament; Democratic Action Party, 16 seats; Islamic Party, 5 seats; Sarawak People's Organization 1 seat; 1 independent seat Sabah: (April 1976 Assembly Elections) Berjaya Party controls 35 of 54 seats in State Assembly, USNO controls 19 remaining seats Sarawak: (1974 elections) National Front controls all 48 State Assembly seats Communists: Peninsular Malaysia: approximately 3,000 armed insurgents on Thailand side of Thai/Malaysia border; approximately 300. full-time inside Peninsular Malaysia Sarawak: 125 armed insurgents in Sarawak Sabah: insignificant Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: Malaysia: $12.4 billion (1977), $990 per capita; average annual real growth 7.8% (1970-76); 8.0% (1977) Agriculture: Peninsular Malaysia: natural rubber, oil palm, rice; 10%-15% of rice requirements imported Sabah: mainly subsistence; main crops-rubber, tim- ber, coconut, rice; food deficit-rice Sarawak: main crops-rubber, timber, pepper; food deficit-rice Fishing: catch 516,903 metric tons (1976) Major industries: Peninsular Malaysia: rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, elec- tronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 MALAYSIA/MALDIVES Sabah: logging, petroleum production Sarawak: agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging Electric power: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,595,000 kW capacity (1977); 7.0 billion kWh produced (1977), 655 kWh per capita Sabah: 131,700 kW capacity (1977); 355 million kWh produced (1977), 400 kWh per capita Sarawak: 91,000 kW capacity (1977); 250 million kWh produced (1977), 215 kWh per capita Exports: $6.1 billion (f.o.b., 1977); natural rubber, palm oil, tin, timber, petroleum Imports: $5.0 billion (c.i.f., 1977) Major trade partners: exports-19% Singapore, 18% U.S., 20% Japan; imports-21% Japan, 11% U.K., 12% U.S., 9% Singapore Aid: U.S. economic 1970-76, $23.1 million; military $64.7 million; Western (except U.S.), $562.6 million; OPEC, 1974- 76, $186.5 million Budget: 1978 revenues $3.4 billion; expenditures $4.6 billion; deficit $1.2 billion; 20% military, 80% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 2.30 ringgits= US$1 (August 1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,665 km 1.04-meter gage; 13 km double track; government-owned East Malaysia: 154 km meter gage (1.00 m) in Sabah Highways: Peninsular Malaysia: 19,778 km total; 15,925 km hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 2,970 km crushed stone/gravel, 883 km improved or unimproved earth East Malaysia: about 5,426 km total (1,644 km in Sarawak, 3,782 km in Sabah); 819 km hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 2,936 km gravel or crushed stone, 1,671 km earth Inland waterways: Peninsular Malaysia: 3,194 km East Malaysia: 4,087 km (1,569 km in Sabah, 2,518 km in Sarawak) Ports: Peninsular Malaysia: 3 major, 14 minor East Malaysia: 1 major, 14 minor (5 minor in Sabah; 1 major, 9 minor in Sarawak) Civil air: approximately 26 major transport aircraft Pipelines: crude oil, 69 km; refined products, 56 km Airfields: Peninsular Malaysia: 62 total, 62 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Sabah: 34 total, 34 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Sarawak: 45 total, 45 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: Peninsular Malaysia: good intercity service provided mainly by microwave relay; international service good; good coverage by radio and television broadcasts; 278,000 telephones (2.7 per 100 pop,.); 26 AM, 1 FM, and 16 TV stations; submarine cables extend to India, Sri Lanka, and Singapore; connected to SEACOM submarine cable terminal at Singapore by microwave relay; 1 ground satellite station Sabah: adequate intercity radio-relay network extends to Sarawak via Brunei; 23,068 telephones (2.7 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, 1 FM, 5 TV stations; SEACOM submarine cable links to Hong Kong and Singapore; 1 ground satellite station Sarawak: adequate intercity radio-relay network ex- tends to Sabah via Brunei; 28,000 telephones (2.4 per 100 pop].); 4 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Peninsular Malaysia: males 15-49, 2,497,000; 1,588,000 fit for military service; 112,000 reach military age (21) annually Sabah: males 15-49, 208,000; 122,000 fit for military service; 10,000 reach military age (21) annually Sarawak: males 15-49, 274,000; 163,000 fit for military service; 11,000 reach military age (21) annually External defense dependent on loose Five Power Defense Agreement (FPDA) which replaced Anglo-Malayan Defense Agreement of 1957 as amended in 1963 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $689 million; about 13.4% of central government budget LAND 298 km2; 2,000 islands grouped into 12 atolls, about 220 islands inhabited WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): the land and sea between latitudes 7?9'N. and 0?45'S. and between longi- tudes 72?30'E. and 73?48'E; these coordinates form a rectangle of approximately 37,000 nms; territorial sea ranges from 2.75 to 55 nm; fishing, approximately 100 nm Coastline: 644 km (approx.) 130 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 INDIA MALDIVES' Indian Ocean PEOPLE Population: 143,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Maldivian(s); adjective-Maldivian Ethnic divisions: admixtures of Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab, and Negro Religion: official Sunni Muslim Language: Divehi (dialect of Sinhala) Literacy: largely illiterate Labor force: fishing industry employs most of the male population GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Maldives Type: republic Capital: Male Political subdivisions: 19 administrative districts corre- sponding to atolls Legal system: based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 29 March Branches: popularly elected unicameral national legisla- ture (Majlis) (members elected for 5-year terms); elected President, chief executive; appointed Chief justice responsi- ble for administration of Islamic law Government leader: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: no organized political parties; country governed by the Didn clan for the past eight centuries Communists: negligible number Member of: Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $17.4 million (1974), $150 per capita Agriculture: crops-coconut and millet; shortages-rice, wheat Fishing: catch 32,300 metric tons (1976) Major industries: fishing; some coconut processing Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1977); 6 million kWh produced (1977), 40 kWh per capita Exports: $3 million (1975); fish Imports: $9.3 million (1975) Major trade partners: Sri Lanka, Japan Aid: U.K. (1960-65), $1.4 million drawn; Sri Lanka (1967), $1 million committed; Kuwait $5 million; other OPEC countries, Japan and India (amounts not known) Monetary conversion rate: 3.93 Maldivian rupees=US$1, official rate; 8.5 rupees=US$1, market rate (February 1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: minimal domestic and internation- al telecommunication facilities; 480 telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station; 1 Comsat station under construction Atlantic Ocean LAND 1,204,350 km'; only about a fourth of area arable, forests negligible, rest sparse pasture or desert Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 PEOPLE Population: 6,287,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Malian(s); adjective-Malian Ethnic divisions: 99% native African including tribes of both Berber and Negro descent Religion: 90% Muslim, 9% animist, 1% Christian Language: French official; several African languages, of which Mande group most widespread Literacy: under 5% Labor force: approximately 100,000 salaried, 50,000 of whom are employed by the government; most of population engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry Organized labor: Union National des Travailleurs Maliens (UNTM) is umbrella organization over thirteen national unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Mali Type: republic; under military regime since November 1968 Capital: Bamako Political subdivisions: 6 administrative regions; 42 administrative districts (cercles), arrondissements, villages; all subordinate to central government Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1974, comes into full effect in 1979; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 22 September Branches: executive authority exercised by Military Committee of National Liberation (MCNL) composed of 11 army officers; under MCNL functional cabinet composed of civilians and army officers; judiciary Government leaders: Brig. Gen. Moussa Traore, President of MCNL, Chief of State and head of government Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: political activity proscribed by military government but government in process of forming new single party called the Democratic Union of Malian People (UDPM), which will be the sole party under civilian leadership, scheduled for 1979 Elections: constitutionally designated for 1979 Communists: a few Communists and some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, APC,.CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: estimated about $645 million (1977), $110 per capita; annual real growth rate 5.8% (1973-76) Agriculture: main crops-millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops-peanuts, cotton, and livestock Fishing: catch 100,000 metric tons (1975) Major industries: small local consumer goods and processing Electric power: 42,000 kW capacity (1977); 105 million kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita Exports: estimated $125 million (f.o.b., 1977); livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, and skins Imports: estimated $170 million (c.i.f., 1977); textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, and sugar Major trade partners: mostly with franc zone and Western Europe; also with U.S.S.R., China Budget: (1976) expenditures $102 million; revenues $82 million Monetary conversion rate: 491.34 Mali francs=US$1, 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 642 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: approximately 15,699 km total; 1,669 km bituminous, 3,670 km gravel and improved earth, 10,360 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,815 km navigable Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 42 total, 38 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: domestic system poor and provides only minimal service; open-wire and radiocommunication used for long distance telecommunications; 78,000 tele- phones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,419,000; 801,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $29,058,304; about 21.7% of central government ,budget LAND 313 km2; 45% agricultural, negligible amount forested, remainder urban, waste, or other (1965) 132 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 20 nm) Coastline: 140 km PEOPLE Population: 326,000 (official estimate for 31 December 1977) Nationality: noun Maltese (sing. and pl.); adjec- tive Maltese Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Sicilian, Norman, Spanish, Italian, British Religion: 98% Roman Catholic Language: English and Maltese Literacy: about 83%; compulsory education introduced in 1946 Labor force: 119,554 (November 1977); 32% services (except government), 18% government (except job corps), 5% job corps, 26% manufacturing, 6% agriculture, 3% construction, 5% utilities and drydocks; 4% registered unemployed Organized labor: approximately 40% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Malta Type: parliamentary democracy, independent republic within the Commonwealth since December 1974 Capital: Valletta Political subdivisions: 2 main populated islands, Malta and Gozo, divided into 13 electoral districts (divisions) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1961, came into force 1964; has accepted compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive, consisting of Prime Minister and cabinet; legislative, comprising 65-member House of Repre- sentatives; independent judiciary National holiday: Republic Day, 13 December Government leader: Prime Minister Dominic Mintoff Suffrage: universal over age 18; registration required Elections: at the discretion of the Prime Minister, but must be held before the expiration of a 5-year electoral mandate; last election September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Party, Edward Fenech Adami; Malta Labor Party, Dom Mintoff Voting strength (1976 election): Labor, 34 seats (51.54%); Nationalist, 31 seats (48.43%) Communists: less than 100 (est.) Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $609 million (1977), $1,850 per capita; 72% private consumption, 26% gross investment; 17% government consumption, -15% net foreign sector; in 1977 real GNP growth was 9% (1977 prelim.); 12.5% (1971-76 average) Agriculture: overall, 20% self-sufficient; adequate sup- plies of vegetables, poultry, milk and pork products; shortages in beef, grain, animal fodder, and fruits at various seasons; main products-potatoes, cauliflowers, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs; 2,680 calories per day per capita Major industries: ship repair yard, clothing, building industry, food manufacturing, textiles, tourism Shortages: most consumer and industrial needs (fuels and raw materials) must be imported Electric power: 120,000 kW capacity (1977); 420 million kWh produced (1977), 1,280 kWh per capita Exports: $289 million (f.o.b., 1977); clothing, textiles, ships, printed matter Imports: $516 million (c.i.f., 1977) Major trade partners: 68% EC-nine (23% U.K., 18% West Germany, 13% Italy); 6% U.S. (1977) Aid: economic authorizations: U.S., $55 million (FY70- 76); other Western bilateral (ODA and OOF), $112 million (1970-76); China, $45 million (1972); OPEC, $22 million (1974-76) Budget: (1978/79) projects $259 million in expenditures, $237 million in revenues Monetary conversion rate: 1 Maltese pound=US$2.37 (average 1977) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,271 km total; 1,159 km paved (asphalt), 77 km crushed stone or gravel, 35 km improved and unimproved earth Ports: 1 major (Valletta), 2 minor Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (including 3 leased in) Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Airfields: 4 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern automatic telephone sys- tem centered in Valletta; 62,200 telephones (19.6 per 100 popl.); 1 TV, 5 AM, and 4 FM stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 79,000; 64,000 fit for military service Supply: has received 2 patrol boats, small arms, and mortars from Libya; vehicles and engineer equipment from Italy Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $9,417,460 (includes funds for Pioneer Corps and the Arms of Malta, totaling about $5.1 million); about 3.5% of central government budget MARTINIQUE REPUBLIC PUERTO RICO MARTINIQUE LAND 1,100 km2; 31% cropland, 16% pasture, 29% forest, 24% wasteland, built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 290 km PEOPLE Population: 319,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate -0.0% (10-67 to 1-77) Nationality: noun Martiniquais (sing. and pl.); adjective Martiniquais Ethnic divisions: 90% African and African-Caucasian- Indian mixture, less than 5% East Indian Lebanese, Chinese, 5% Caucasian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, Creole patois Literacy: over 70% Labor force: 100,000; 23% agriculture, 20% public services, 11% construction and public works, 10% commerce and banking, 10% services, 9% industry, 17% other Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Department of Martinique Type: overseas department of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate; incumbent deputies Aime Cesaire, Camille Petit, and Victor Sable reelected to National Assembly, 12 March 1978 Capital: Fort-de-France Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legisla- tive, popularly elected council of 36 members and a Regional Council including all members of the local general council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Raymond Heim Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections normally are held every five years; last General Council election took place in March 1978 Political parties and leaders: Rassemblement Pour la Republique (RPR), Emile Maurice; Progressive Party of Martinique (PPM), Aime Cesaire; Communist Party of Martinique (PCM), Armand Nicolas; Democratic Union of Martinique (UDM), Leon-Laurent Valere; Socialist Party, leader unknown; Federation of the Left, leader unknown Voting strength: RPR, 2 seats in French National Assembly; PPM, 1 seat (1973 election) Communists: 1,000 estimated Other political or pressure groups: Proletarian Action Group (GAP), Socialist Revolution Group (GRS) ECONOMY GNP: $1,169 million (1977 at current prices), $3,600 per capita Agriculture: bananas, sugarcane, and pineapples Major industries: agricultural processing, particularly sugar milling and rum distillation; cement, oil refining and tourism 134 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Electric power: 95,500 kW capacity (1977); 150 million kWh produced (1977), 430 kWh per capita Exports: $128.1 million (f.o.b., 1977); bananas, refined petroleum products, rum, sugar, pineapples .Imports: $426.5 million (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (FY70-76) from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $1.4 billion; no military aid Major trading partners: exports-82% France, 9% Italy, 9% other; imports-70% France, 6% United States, 3% Netherlands Antilles, 3% Netherlands, 18% other (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 4.75 French francs=US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,606 km total; 1,200 km paved, 400 km gravel and earth Ports: 1 major (Fort-de-France), 5 minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft (leased in) Airfields: 3 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: domestic facilities inadequate; 34,700 telephones (10.2 per 100 popl.); inter-island VI-IF and UHF radio links; COMSAT ground station; 1 AM, 1 FM, and 5 TV stations MAURITANIA LAND 1,085,210 km2; less than 1% suitable for crops, 10% pasture, 90% desert Land boundaries: 5,118 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm (fishing, 36 nm) Coastline: 754 km PEOPLE Population: 1,562,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Mauritanian(s); adjective-Maurita- nian Ethnic divisions: nearly one third Moor, at least one third Negro, one third mix Moor/Negro Religion: nearly 100% Muslim Language: Hassaniya Arabic is the national language spoken by some 80% of the population, French is the working language for government and commerce Literacy: about 10% Labor force: about 35,000 wage earners (1976); remain- der of population in farming and herding; considerable unemployment Organized labor: 18,000 union members claimed by single union, Mauritanian Workers' Union GOVERNMENT Legal name: Islamic Republic of Mauritania Type: republic; military seized power in bloodless coup 10 July 1978 Capital: Nouakchott Political subdivisions: 12 regions and a capital district NOTE: Mauritania has acquired administrative control of the southern third of Western (formerly Spanish) Sahara under an agreement with Morocco, but the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be determined. Spain's role as co-administrator of the disputed territory ended February 1976. The newly acquired region, which lies below the 24th parallel, becomes the district of Tiris el Gharbia-a territorial division of the state. The district's headquarters is Dakhla, formerly Villa Cisneros. Tiris el Gharbia is subdivided into three departments-Dakhla, Ausert, and Aargub. Legal system: based on French and Islamic law; constitution suspended National holiday: Independence Day, 28 November Branches: executive, Military Committee for National Recovery rules by decree; National Assembly and judiciary suspended pending restoration of civilian rule Government leader: President Moustapha Ould Mo- hamed Saleck Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: in abeyance; last election October 1975 Political parties and leaders: suspended Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Communists: no Communist Party, but there is a scattering of Maoist sympathizers Member of: AFDB, AIOEC, Arab League, CEAO, CIPEC (associate), EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IF'C, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Develop- ment of the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $328 million (1978 prow.), $240 per capita, average annual increase in current prices about 2% (1971-78) Agriculture: most Mauritanians are nomads or subsistence farmers; main products-livestock, small grains, dates; cash crops-gum arabic; livestock Fishing: catch, 34,170 metric tons; exports, 29,891 metric tons (1975) Major industries: mining of iron ore and copper, fishing Electric power: 70,000 kW capacity (1977); 100 million kWh produced (1977), 70 kWh per capita Exports: $136 million (f.o.b., 1978 prov.); iron ore, fish, copper Imports: $314 million (f.o.b., 1978 prov.); foodstuffs, capital goods Major trade partners: (trade figures not complete because Mauritania has a form of customs union with Senegal and much local trade unreported) France and other EC members, U.K., and U.S. are main overseas partners Budget: 1978 prov. $267 million expenditures, $44 million grants, $138 million revenue Monetary conversion rate: 45.68 Ouguiyas=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 650 km standard gage (1.435 m), single track, privately owned Highways: 6,090 km total; 558 km paved; 607 km gravel, crushed stone, or otherwise improved; 4,925 km unimproved Inland waterways: 800 km Ports: 1 major (Nouadhibou), 2 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 29 total, 29 usable; 9 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 13 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: poor system of fragmentary open- wire lines, a minor radio-relay link, and radiocommunica- tions stations; 2,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 356,000; 171,000 fit for military service; conscription law not implemented Supply: primarily dependent on France; has also received material from Algeria, Morocco, U.K., and Spain Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976 (revised), $29 million; 22% of central government budget LAND 1,856 km2 (excluding dependencies); 50% agricultural, intensely cultivated; 39% forests, woodlands, mountains, river, and natural reserves; 3% built-up areas; 5% water bodies, 2% roads and tracks, 1% permanent wastelands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 177 km PEOPLE Population: 927,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.3% (7-71 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Mauritian(s); adjective-Mauritian Ethnic divisions: 67% Indians, 29% Creoles, 3.5% Chinese, 0.5% English and French Religion: 51% Hindu, 33% Christian (mostly Catholic with a few Anglican Protestants), 16% Muslim Language: English official language; Hindi, Chinese, French Creole Literacy: estimated 60% for those over 21, and 90% for those of school age Labor force: 175,000; 50% agriculture, 6% industry; 20% government services; 14% are unemployed, underemployed, or self-employed, 10% other Organized labor: about 35% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Mauritius Type: independent state since 1968, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State 136 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Capital: Port Louis Political subdivisions: 5 organized municipalities and various island dependencies Legal system: based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas; constitu- tion adopted 6 March 1968 National holiday: Independence I)ay, 12 March Branches: executive power exercised by Prime Minister and 21-man Council of Ministers; unicameral legislature (National Assembly) with 62 members elected by direct suffrage, 8 specially elected Government leader: Prime Minister Dr. Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legislative elections held in December 1976; municipal elections held in 1977 Political parties and leaders: a government coalition consisting of Labor Party (S. Ramgoolam) and Parti Mauricien Social Democrate (G. Duval); opposition parties- Independent Forward Bloc (S. Bissoondoyal), Mauritius Democratic Union (M. Lesage), Mouvement Militant Mauri- tian (P. Berenger), Mouvement Militant Mauritian Socialiste Progressist (D. Virahsawmy) Voting strength: the Mauritius Labor Party and the Parti Mauricien Social Democrate have a coalition in the National Assembly of 38 seats; the Movement Militant Mauritian has 32 seats Communists: may be 2,000 sympathizers; several Com- munist organizations; Mauritius Lenin Youth Organization, Mauritius Women's Committee, Mauritius Communist Party, Mauritius People's Progressive Party, Mauritius Young Communist League, Mauritius Liberation Front, Chinese Middle School Friendly Association, Mauri- tius/USSR Friendship Society Other political or pressure groups: Tamil United Party, Mauritius Workers Party Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $570 million (1977), $640 per capita; real growth (1970-76), 6% Agriculture: sugar crop is major economic asset; about 40% of land area is planted to sugar; most food imported- rice is the staple food-and since cultivation is already intense and expansion of cultivable areas is unlikely, heavy reliance on food imports except sugar and tea will continue Shortage: land Industries: mainly confined to processing sugarcane, tea; some small-scale, simple manufactures; tobacco fiber; some fishing; tourism, diamond cutting, weaving and textiles, electronics Electric power: 81,000 kW capacity (1977); 312 million kWh produced (1977), 340 kWh per capita Exports: $312 million (f.o.b., 1977); $268 million sugar, $4 million tea, $5 million molasses Imports: $442 million (c.i.f., 1977); foodstuffs 30%, manufactured goods about 25% Major trade partners: all EC-nine countries and U.S. have preferential treatment, U.K. buys over 50% of Mauritius' sugar export at heavily subsidized prices; small amount of sugar exported to Canada, U.S., and Italy; imports from U.K. and EC primarily, also from South Africa, Australia, and Burma; some minor trade with China Aid: economic-(1970-76) Western (non-U.S.) countries, $75.5 million; Communist countries, $40.2 million; U.S., $14.7 million Budget: revenues $174 million, current expenditures $261 million (1977) Monetary conversion rate: 6.6 Mauritian rupees=US$1 1977 (floating with pound sterling) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,786 km total; 1,636 km paved, 150 km earth Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Ports: 1 major (Port Louis) Airfields: 6 total, 5 usable; 1 with permanent surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: radio telegraph service with Re- union, Malagasy Republic, Seychelles, Zanzibar, and other places in Africa; 1 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations; 26,500 telephones (2.9 per 100 popl.); 1 Indian Ocean Comsat station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 238,000; 124,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1973, $3,981,038; 6.5% of central government budget MEXICO LAND 1,978,800 kmz; 12% cropland, 40% pasture, 22% forested, 26% other (including waste, urban areas and public lands) Land boundaries: 4,220 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm), 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 9,330 km Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Gulf of Mexico PEOPLE Population: 66,938,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Mexican(s); adjective-Mexican Ethnic divisions: 60% mestizo, 30% Indian or predomi- nantly Indian, 9% white or predominantly white, 1% other Religion: 97% nominally Roman Catholic, 3% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 65% estimated; 84% claimed officially Labor force: 17.6 million (1977) (defined as those 12 years of age and older); 33.0% agriculture, 16.0% manufacturing, 16.6% services, 16.8% construction, utilities, commerce, and transport, 3% government, 5.4% unspecified activities; 10% unemployed, 40% underemployed Organized labor: 20% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Mexican States Type: federal republic operating in fact under a centralized government Capital: Mexico Political subdivisions: 31 states, Federal District Legal system: mixture of U.S. constitutional theory and civil law system; constitution established in 1917; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September Branches: dominant executive, bicameral legislature, Supreme Court Government leader: President Jose LOPEZ PORTILLO y Pacheco Suffrage: universal over age 18; compulsory but unenforced Elections: congressional elections July 1979 Political parties and leaders: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), Carlos Sansores Perez; National Action Party (PAN), Manuel Gonzalez Hinojosa; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), Jorge Cruickshank Garcia; Authentic Party of the Revolution (PARM), Pedro Gonzalez Azcuaga Voting strength: 1976 presidential election: 98.7% PRI (unopposed), 1.3% other; 1976 congressional election: 80.2% PRI; 8.5% PAN; 5.8% other opposition (votes cast for PPS, PARM, and unregistered candidates), 5.4% annulled Communists: Mexican Communist Party (estimated 25,000) and other far-left parties seeking legal registration under government's 1977 political reform program Other political or pressure groups: Roman Catholic Church, Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), Con- federation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN), Confed- eration of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCA- NACO), National Cofederation of Campesinos (CNC), National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (CROC) Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, LAFTA, NAMUCAR (Carribean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multina- cional del Caribe), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $74.2 billion (1977 prelim.), $1,150 per capita; 68% private consumption, 12% public consumption, 12% private investment, 8% public investment (1977); net foreign balance -0%; real growth rate 1977, 3.2% Agriculture: main crops-corn, cotton, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, sorghum, oilseeds, pulses, and vegetables; general self-sufficiency with minor exceptions in meat and dairy products; caloric intake, 3,110 calories per day per capita (1968) Fishing: catch 562,106 metric tons (1977); exports valued at $151.3 million, imports at $17.8 million (1975) Major industries: processing of food, beverages, and tobacco; chemicals, basic metals and metal products, petroleum products, mining, textiles and clothing, and transport equipment Crude steel: 9.0 million metric tons capacity (1977); 5.5 million metric tons produced (1977) Electric power: 13,900,000 kW capacity (1977); 50.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 780 kWh per capita Exports: $4,166 million (f.o.b., 1977); cotton, coffee, nonferrous minerals (including lead and zinc), sugar, shrimp, petroleum, sulfur, salt, cattle and meat, fresh fruit, tomatoes, machinery and equipment 138 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Imports: $5,489 million (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, equip- ment, industrial vehicles, and intermediate goods Major trade partners: exports-63% U.S., 5% EC, 2% Japan (1977); imports-64% U.S., 15% EC, 5% Japan Aid: economic-(including Ex-Imp Credits) extensions (1970-76), from U.S. $804 million; from Communist countries, $12 million; from other Western (non-U.S.) countries, $1,106.5 million Budget: 1978 federal, revenues $434 billion pesos, expenditures $634 billion pesos Monetary conversion rate: floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 19,680 km total; 18,576 km standard gage (1.435 m); 1,104 km narrow gage (0.914 m); 102 km electrified; 19,573 km government-owned, 107 km privately-owned Highways: 200,000 km total; 62,000 km paved, 88,300 km otherwise improved, 49,700 km unimproved Inland waterways: 2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals Pipelines: crude oil, 3,910 km; refined products, 3,490 km; natural gas, 5,710 km Ports: 9 major, 20 minor Civil air: 117 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2,125 total, 2,062 usable; 143 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 20 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 279 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 9 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with extensive radio-relay links; connection into Central American microwave net; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite ground station; 3.31 million telephones (5.2 per 100 popl.); 574 AM, 109 FM, and 163 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,641,000; 11,133,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 745,000 Military budget: for year ending 31 December 1978, $632.8 million; about 2.9% of direct federal budget (includes merchant marine and military industry) LAND 1.5 km2 Land boundaries: 3.7 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 4.1 km PEOPLE Population: 25,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1976) Nationality: noun-Monacan(s) or Monegasque(s); adjec- tive-Monacan or Monegasque Ethnic divisions: Rhaetian stock Religion: Roman Catholicism is official state religion Language: French Literacy: almost complete GOVERNMENT Legal name: Principality of Monaco Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Monaco Political subdivisions: 4 sections Legal system: based on French law; new constitution adopted 1962; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 19 November Branches: National Council (18 members); Communal Council (15 members, headed by a mayor) Government leader: Prince Rainier III Suffrage: universal Elections: National Council every 5 years; most recent 1978 Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Entente, Democratic Union Movement, Monegasque Action- ist (1973) Voting strength: figures for 1978: National Democratic Entente, 18 seats Member of: IAEA, IHO, IPU, ITU, U.N. (permanent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO ECONOMY GNP: 55% tourism; 25%-30% industry (small and primar- ily tourist oriented); 10%-15% registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino 139 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA:RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 January 1979 Major industries: chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glassmaking, printing Electric power: 8,000 (standby) kW capacity (1977); 100 million kWh supplied by France (1977) Trade: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc=US$0.2102 (1977 average) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1.6 km of 1.435 m gage Highways: none; city streets Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: served by the French communica- tions system; automatic telephone system with about 23,700 telephones (96.5 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 4 FM, and 3 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES France responsible for defense Ethnic divisions: 90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other Religion: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime Languages: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese Literacy: about 80% Labor force: primarily agricultural, over half the population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of Mongolian women; shortage of skilled labor (no reliable information available) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Mongolian People's Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Ulaanbaatar Political subdivisions: 18 provinces and 2 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar and Darhan) Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted 1960; no constitu- tional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Ulaanbaatar State University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: People's Revolution Day, 11 July Branches: constitution provides for a People's Great Rural (national assembly) and a highly centralized administration Party. and government leaders: Yumjaagiyn Tsedenbal, First Secretary of the MPRP and Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Hural; Jambyn Batmonh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers Suffrage: universal; age 18 and over Elections: national assembly elections held every 4 years; last election held June 1977 Political party: Mongolian People's Revolutionary (Com- munist) Party (MPRP); estimated membership, 67,000 (1976) Member of: CEMA, ESCAP, IAEA, ILO, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO LAND 1,564,619 km2; almost 90% of land area is pasture or desert wasteland, varying in usefulness, less than 1% arable, 10% forested Land boundaries: 8,000 km PEOPLE Population: 1,612,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Mongolian(s); adjective-Mongolian ECONOMY Agriculture: livestock raising predominates; main crops- wheat, oats, barley Industries: processing of animal products; building materials; mining Electric power: 307,400 kW capacity (1977); 995 million kWh produced (1977), 650 kWh per capita Exports: beef for slaughter meat products, wool, fluorspar, other minerals Imports: machinery and equipment, petroleum, clothing, building materials, sugar, and tea 140 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Major trade partners: nearly all trade with Communist countries (approx. 85% with U.S.S.R.); total turnover about $1.0 billion (1977) Aid: heavily dependent on U.S.S.R. Monetary conversion rate: 3.11 tugriks=US$1 (June 1978); arbitrarily established Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,516 km; all broad gage (1.524 m) (1976) Inland waterways: 616 km of principal routes (1975) Freight carried: rail-8.1 million metric tons, 2,718 million metric ton/km (1976); highway-15.2 million metric tons, 1,060 million metric ton/km (1976); waterway-0.05 million metric tons, 0.04 billion metric ton/km (1975) DEFENSE FORCES Supply: military equipment supplied by U.S.S.R. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, 405 million tugriks, 12% of total budget MOROCCO LAND 409,200 km2; about 32% arable and'grazing land, 17% forest and esparto, 51% desert, waste, and urban Land boundaries: 1,996 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 1,835 km PEOPLE Population: 19,199,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.0% (7-75 to 7-76) Nationality: noun-Moroccan(s); adjective-Moroccan Ethnic divisions: 99.1% Arab-Berber, 0.2% Jewish, 0.7% non-Moroccan Religion: 98.7% Muslim, 1.1% Christian, 0.2% Jewish Language: Arabic (official); several Berber dialects; French is language of much business, government, diplo- macy, and postprimary education Literacy: 20% Labor force: 5 million (1977 est.); 50% agriculture, 15% industry, 26% services, 9% other; 10-20% unemployment Organized labor: about 5% of the labor force, mainly in the Union of Moroccan Workers (UMT) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Morocco Type: constitutional monarchy (constitution adopted 1972) Capital: Rabat Political subdivisions: 31 provinces and 2 prefectures NOTE: Morocco has acquired administrative control over the northern two-thirds of the former Spanish Sahara under an agreement with Mauritania, but the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be determined. Spain's role as co-administrator of the disputed territory ended in February 1976. Rabat has established three additional provinces in its area of control, with headquarters at El Aaiun, Semara, and Cabo Bojador. Legal system: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court; modern legal education at branches of Mohamed V University in Rabat and Casablanca and Karaouine University in Fes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 3 March Branches: constitution provides for Prime Minister and ministers named by and responsible to King; King has paramount executive powers; unicameral legislature two- thirds directly elected, one-third indirectly; judiciary inde- pendent of other branches Government leaders: King Hassan II; Prime Minister Ahmed Osman Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: local elections held 12 November 1976; provincial elections held 25 January 1977; elections for new National Assembly provided for in Constitution adopted 15 March 1972 were held June 1977 Political parties and leaders: Istiqlal Party, M'hamed Boucetta; Socialist Union of Popular Forces, Abderrahim Bonabid; Popular Movement (MP), Mahjoubi Aherdan; Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement (MPCD), Dr. Abdelkrim Khatib; National Union of Popular Forces (UNFP), Abdallah Ibrahim and Mahioub Ben Seddik; Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 MOROCCO/MOZAMBIQUE National Assembly of Independents (RNI) formed in October 1978 is pro-government grouping of previously unaffiliated deputies in parliament, Ahmed Osman; Demo- cratic Constitutional Party (PDC), Mohamed Hassan Ouaz- zani; Party for Progress and Socialism (PPS), legalized in August 1974, is front for Moroccan Communist Party (MCP), which was proscribed in 1959, Ali Yata; Istiqlal and the UNFP formed a National Front in July 1970 to oppose the new constitution, boycotted the parliamentary elections and the 1972 constitutional referendum Voting strength: pro-government independents- hold absolute majority in new Chamber of Representatives; with palace-oriented Popular Movement deputies, the govern- ment holds over two-thirds of the seats Communists: 300 est. Member of: AFDB, Arab League, EC (association until 1974), FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $9.7 billion (1977), about $530 per capita; average annual real growth 4% during 1970-73, 9% in 1974, under 3% in 1975-77 Agriculture: cereal farming and livestock raising predomi- nate; main products-wheat, barley, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives; some fishing Fishing: catch 281,434 metric tons (1976); exports $64.5 million (1975) Major sectors: mining and mineral processing (phos- phates, smaller quantities of iron, manganese, lead, zinc, and other minerals), food processing, textiles, construction and tourism Electric power: 1,200,000 kW capacity (1977); 3.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 165 kWh per capita Exports: $1,302 million (1977); 33% phosphates, 77% other Imports: $3.0 billion (1977); 34.0% capital goods, 13.5% foodstuffs, 11.0% petroleum products Major trade partners: France, West Germany, Italy Budget: (1978) revenue. $2.7 billion, expenditure $2.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: 4.5 dirhams=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,756 km standard gage (1.435 m), 161 km double track; 708 km electrified Highways: 55,970 km total; 24,700 km . bituminous treated, 4,000 km gravel, crushed stone, and improved earth, 27,270 km unimproved earth Pipelines: 362 km crude oil; 491 km (abandoned) refined products; 241 km natural gas Ports: 8 major (including Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla), 10 minor Civil air: 21 major transport aircraft Airfields: 78 total, 77 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 29 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: good system by African standards composed of open-wire lines, coaxial, multiconductor and submarine cables and radio-relay links; principal centers Casablanca and Rabat, secondary centers Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Sebaa Aioun, Tangier and Tetouan; 199,000 tele- phones (1.1 per 100 popl.); 25 AM, 4 FM, 27 TV stations; 3 submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,978,000; 2,373,000 fit for military service; about 219,000 reach military age (18) annually; limited conscription MOZAMBIQUE Land 786,762 km2; 30% arable, of which 1% cultivated, 56% woodland and forest, 14% wasteland and inland water Land boundaries: 4,627 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 2,470 km PEOPLE Population: 9,987,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Mozambican(s); adjective-Mozam- bique 142 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, less than 1% European and Asian Religion: 65.6% animist, 21.5% Christian, 10.5% Muslim, 2.4% other Language: Portuguese (official); many tribal dialects Literacy: 7%-10% (est.) Labor force: (1963 est.) 610,000; 50,000 non-African wage earners, 560,000 African wage carriers in Mozambique; 290,000 additional African wage earners temporarily work- ing in Rhodesia and South Africa; unemployment serious problem; most native Africans provide unskilled labor or remain in subsistence agricultural sector Organized labor: approx. 47,000 (end of 1970); 75% are white GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Mozambique Type: peoples republic; achieved independence from Portugal in June 1975 Capital: Maputo Political subdivisions: 10 districts administered by district governors; municipalities governed by appointed official Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law National holiday: Independence Day, 25 June Branches: none established Government leader: President Samora Moises Machel Suffrage: not yet established Elections: information not available on future election schedule Political parties and leaders: the Mozambique Liber- ation Front (FRELIMO), led by Samora Machel, is only legal party Communists: none known Member of: G-77, ILO, NAM, OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $2.0 billion (1975 est.), about $220 per capita; average annual growth probably negative in 1975-77 Agriculture: cash crops-raw cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, tea, copra, sisal; other crops-corn, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, beans, sorghum, and cassava; self-sufficient in food except for wheat which must be imported Major industries: food processing (chiefly sugar, tea, wheat, flour, cashew kernels); chemicals (vegetable oil, oilcakes, soap, paints); petroleum products; beverages; textiles; nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbes- tos, cement products); tobacco Electric power: 1,664,000 kW capacity (1977); 4.6 billion kWh produced (1977), 490 kWh per capita Exports: $155 million (1977 est.); cashew nuts, cotton, sugar, mineral products, timber products, tea, copra Imports: $420 million (1977 est.); machinery and electri- cal equipment, cotton textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, wine, iron and steel Major trade partners: Portugal, South Africa, U.S., U.K., West Germany Budget: (FY76) expenditures, $310 million, revenues, $237 million Monetary conversion rate: 40.643 escudos=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,161 km total; 3,020 km 1.067-meter gage; 141 km narrow gage (0.750 m) Highways: 26,477 km total; 4,322 km paved; 607 km improved earth; 21,548 km unimproved earth, unconnected Inland waterways: approx. 3,750 km of navigable routes Pipelines: crude oil, 306 km (not operating) Ports: 3 major (Maputo, Beira, Nacala), 2 significant minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft (including 1 leased out) Airfields: 325 total, 313 usable; 29 with permanent-sur- face runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 35 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of troposcatter, open- wire lines, and radiocommunications; principal centers Maputo, Beira, and Nampula; 52,200 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 10 AM, 2 FM, no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,192,000; 1,128,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from the USSR and PRC, and to a lesser extent from other Communist countries and Portugal Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $82.6 million; 21.7% of central government budget NAMIBIA (South-West Africa) LAND 823,620 km'; mostly desert except for interior plateau and area along northern border Land boundaries: 3,798 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 1,489 km PEOPLE Population: 978,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 NAMIBIA Wind'ko SOUTH AIR ICA ?_.__~.} (WAISTS BAY) 19 T Indian Ocean Nationality: noun-Namibian(s); adjective-Namibian Ethnic divisions: 12% white, 6% mulatto, 82% African; over half the Africans belong to Ovambo tribe Religion: whites predominantly Christian, nonwhites either animist or Christian Language: Afrikaans principal language of about 70% of white population, German of 22% and English of 8%; several African languages Literacy: high for white population; low for nonwhite Labor force: 203,300 (total of economically active, 1970); 68% agriculture, 15% railroads, 13% mining, 4% fishing Organized labor: no trade unions, although some white wage earners belong to South African unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Namibia Type: former German colony of South-West Africa mandated to South Africa by League of Nations in 1920; U.N. formally ended South Africa's mandate on October 27, 1966, but South Africa has retained administrative control Capital: Windhoek Political subdivisions: 10 tribal homelands, mostly in northern sector, and zone open to white settlement with administrative subdivisions similar to a province of South Africa Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law Branches: since September 1977 an administrator-gen- eral, appointed by South African government, has exercised coordinative functions over zone of white settlement, where white-elected Legislative Assembly handles some local matters, and tribal homelands, where traditional chiefs and representative bodies exercise limited autonomy Government leader: Martinus T. Steyn, Administrator- general Suffrage: franchise for Legislative Assembly limited to white adults; several tribal homelands have adult franchise for homeland legislatures; all ethnic groups eligible to vote in projected election for constituent assembly Elections: last general election, Legislative Assembly, 1974 Political parties and leaders: white parties-National Party of South-West Africa (NPSWA), Abraham H. du Plessis; Federal Party, Bryan O'Linn; Republican Party, Dirk Mudge; most of the nonwhite parties belong to one of two muli-ethnic alliances-the Democratic Turnhalle Alli- ance (the traditional tribal leaders and the white Republican Party) or the Namibian National Front (the white Federal Party and nonwhite groups that oppose the bantustan system) Voting strength: (1974 election) NPSWA won all 18 seats in Legislative Assembly Communists: no Communist Party, SWAPO guerrilla force is supported by U.S.S.R., Cuba, and other Communist states as well as OAU Other political or pressure groups: South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), led by Sam Nujoma, maintains a foreign-based guerrilla movement; is predomi- nantly Ovambo but has some influence among other tribes; is the only Namibian group recognized by the U.N. General Assembly and the Organization of African Unity ECONOMY Agriculture: livestock raising (cattle and sheep) predomi- nates, subsistence crops (millet, sorghum, corn, and some wheat) are raised but most food must be imported Fishing: catch 86,650 metric tons (1975) (processed mostly in South African enclave of Walvis Bay) Major industries: meatpacking, fish processing, copper, lead, diamond, and uranium mining, dairy products Electric power: 297,400 kW, capacity (1977); 1,110 million kWh produced (1977), 1,110 kWh per capita Aid: South Africa is only donor Monetary conversion rate: 1 South African Rand= US$1.15 (as of March 1978); 0.87 SA Rand=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,340 km 1.067-meter gage, single track Highways: 33,800 km; 3,800 km paved, remainder gravel, remainder earth roads and tracks Ports: 2 major (Walvis Bay and Luderitz) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (registered in South Africa) Airfields: 113 total, 84 usable; 13 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 33 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: sparse system of open wire and radio relay routes; out-lying areas connected by radiocom- munication; Windhoek is the only major center; 46,400 144 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 NAURU* telephones (6.2 per 100 popl.); 1 FM, no AM and no TV legislature, the Parliament; Cabinet to assist the President, f bers appointed by President from Parliament m DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 218,000; about 129,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of Republic of South Africa NAURU RAP J1t EA NAMIBIA/NAURU/NEPAL our me members Government leader: President Hammer DeRoburt Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last held in November 1977 Political parties and leaders: governing faction, Presi- dent DeRoburt; opposition Nauru Party, Lagumot Harris Member of: no present plans to join U.N.; enjoys "special membership" in Commonwealth; South Pacific Commission, ESCAP, INTERPOL, ITU, UPU ECONOMY GNP: over $120 million (1975), $17,140 per capita (est.) Agriculture: negligible; almost completely dependent on imports for food, water Major industries: mining of phosphates, about 2 million tons per year Electric power: 9,000 kW capacity (1977); 26 million kWh produced (1977), 3,710 kWh per capita Exports: $120 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); consisting entirely of phosphates Imports: $5 million (c.i.f., FY70) Major trade partners: exports-75% Australia and New Zealand; imports-Australia, U.K., New Zealand, Japan Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dol- lar=US$1.2375 (July 1976) Pacific Ocean Coral Sea LAND 21.2 kmz; insignificant arable land, no urban areas, extensive phosphate mines Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none WATER Highways: about Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm improved earth Ports: 1 minor Civil air: 3 major Coastline: 24 km Inland waterways: PEOPLE Population: 7,000 (official estimate for 30 June 1969) Nationality: noun-Nauruan(s); adjective-Nauruan Europeans, 26% other Religion: Catholic) English, the language of understood by nearly all (two-thirds Protestant, one-third school instruction, spoken and Literacy: nearly universal GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Nauru Type: republic; independent since January 1968 Capital: no capital city per se; government offices in Yeran District Political subdivisions: 14 districts Branches: President elected from and by Parliament for an unfixed term; popularly elected 18-member unicameral Nauruan, a distinct Pacific Island tongue; Airfields: 1, coral-surfaced, over 1,220 m Telecommunications: adequate intraisland and interna- tional radiocommunications provided via Australian facili- ties; 700 telephones; 3,600 radio receivers, 1 AM, no FM and no TV stations; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 2,000; fit for military service, about 1,000; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 1978-82, less than 100 No formal defense structure and no regular armed forces NEPAL LAND 141,400 km2; 16% agricultural area, 14% permanent meadows and pastures, 38% alpine land (unarable), waste, or urban; 32% forested Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Land boundaries: 2,800 km PEOPLE Population: 13,854,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Nepalese (sing. and pl.); adjective- Nepalese Ethnic divisions: two main categories, Indo-Nepalese (about 80%) and Tibeto-Nepalese (about 20%), representing considerable intermixture of Indo-Aryan and Mongolian racial strains; country divided among many quasi-tribal communities Religion: only official Hindu Kingdom in world, although no sharp distinction between many Hindu and Buddhist groups; small groups of Muslims and Christians Language: 20 mutually unintelligible languages divided into numerous dialects; Nepali official language and lingua franca for much of the country; same script as Hindi Literacy: about 12% Labor force: 4.1 million; 95% agriculture, 5% industry; great lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Nepal Type: constitutional monarchy; King Birendra exercises autocratic control over multitiered panchayat system of government Capital: Kathmandu Political subdivisions: 75 districts, 14 zones Legal system: based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; legal education at Nepal Law College in Kathmandu; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Birthday of the King, 28 December Branches: Council of Ministers appointed by the King; indirectly elected National Panchayat (Assembly) Government leaders: King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev; Prime Minister Kirti Nidhi Bista Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: village and town councils (panchayats) elected by universal suffrage; district, zonal, and National Pan- chayat members indirectly elected, most for 6-year terms; 15 National Panchayat members elected from five class and professional organizations (women, workers, peasants, youth, and ex-servicemen), four directly elected by all voters possessing a B.A. or its equivalent, and 16 are appointed by the King Political parties and leaders: all political parties outlawed Communists: the combined membership of the two wings of the Communist Party of Nepal (CPN) about 6,500, the majority (perhaps 5,000) in the pro-Chinese wing; the CPN continues to operate more or less openly, but internal dissension has greatly hindered its effectiveness Other political or pressure groups: proscribed Nepali Congress Party led by B. P. Koirala Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $1.3 billion (FY77, at current prices), $100 per capita; 1% real growth in FY77 Agriculture: over 90% of population engaged in agricul- ture; main crops-rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, oilseeds Major industries: small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; match, cigarette, and brick factories Electric power: 60,600 kW capacity (1977); 144 million kWh produced (1977), 10 kWh per capita Exports: $82 million est. (FY78); rice and other food products, jute, timber Imports: $206 million est. (FY78); manufactured con- sumer goods, fuel, construction materials, food products Major trade partner: over 80% India Aid: economic commitments 1970-76: U.S.S.R., $3 mil- lion; China, $118 million; OPEC, $18.1 million; U.S., $71 million; $78 million disbursements FY78 Budget: (FY78 est.) domestic revenues $128 million, expenditures $231 million Monetary conversion rate: 12 Nepalese rupees=US$1 Fiscal year: 15 July-14 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 63 km (1977), all narrow gage (0.762 m); all in Terai close to Indian border; 10 km from Raxaul to Biranj is government owned 146 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Highways: 4,136 km total; 1,751 km paved, 556 km gravel or crushed stone, 1,829 km improved and unim- proved earth; additionally 322 km of seasonally motorable tracks Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 52 total, 51 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: poor telephone and telegraph service; good radiocommunication and broadcast service; international radiocommunication service is poor; 14,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,100,000; 1,612,000 fit for military service; 145,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 14 July 1979, $16.4 million; 5.2% of central government budget NETHERLANDS Nationality: noun-Netherlander(s); adjective-Nether- lands Ethnic divisions: 99% Dutch, 1% Indonesian and other Religion: 31% Protestant, 40% Roman Catholic, 24% unaffiliated Language: Dutch Literacy: 98% Labor force: 4.7 million; 30% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, 10% agriculture, 9% construction, 7% transportation and communications, 4% other; 5.1% unemployment, March 1977 Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of the Netherlands Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Amsterdam, but government resides at The Hague Political subdivisions: 11 provinces governed by centrally appointed commissioners of Queen Legal system: civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution of 1815 frequently amended, reissued 1947; judicial review in the Supreme Court of legislation of lower order than Acts of Parliament; legal education at six law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Birthday of the Queen, 30 April Branches: executive (Queen and Cabinet of Ministers), which is responsible to bicameral States General (parlia- ment); independent judiciary Government leaders: Head of State, Queen Juliana; Prime Minister, Andreas A. M. van Agt Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: must be held at least every 4 years for lower house (most recent held May 1977), and every 3 years for half of upper house (most recent July 1977) Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), coalition of KVP, ARP, and CHU formed prior to 1977 elections; Catholic People's Party (KVP), W. J. Vergeer; Antirevolutionary (ARP), H. A. de Boer; Labor (PvdA), Mrs. C. (len) van den Heuvel; Liberal (VVD), F. Korthals Altes; Christian Historical Union (CHU), Otto W. A. Baron van Verschuer; Democrats '66 (D-66), F. Eenstra; Communist (CPN), Henk Hoekstra; Pacifist Social- ist (PSP), Lamber Meertens; Political Reformed (SGP), H. G. Abma; Reformed Political Union (GVP), G. Veurink; Radical Party (PPR), Wisnand Van Hoogevest; Democratic Socialist '70 (DS-70), H. Staneke; Farmers' Party (BP), Hendrik Koekoek Voting strength (1977 election): 33.81% PvdA, 31.91% CDA, 17.95% VVD, 5.43% D'66, 2.13% SGP, 1.73% CPN, 1.69% PPR, 0.96% GPV, 0.94% PSP, 0.84% BP, 0.72% DS'70 ?RE PUBEIt GERMANY LAND 33,929 km2; 70% cultivated, 5% waste, 8% forested, 8% inland water, 9% other Land boundaries: 1,022 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 451 km PEOPLE Population: 13,976,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.6% (current) Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 NETHERLANDS /NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Communists: 13,000 est. members Other political or pressure groups: great multinational firms; Socialist, Catholic, and Protestant trade unions; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associ- ations; the non-denominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises Member of: ADB, Benelux, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council (with respect to interests of the Netherlands Antilles and Surinam), NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $105.3 billion (1977 est. in 1977 prices), $7,590 per capita; 57.7% consumption, 21.7% investment, 17.6% gov- ernment, 2.7% foreign balance; 0.3% net income from abroad Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates; main crops-horticultural crops, grains, potatoes, sugar beets; food shortages-grains, fats, oils; calorie intake, 3,186 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Fishing: catch 302,000 metric tons (1977); exports of fish and fish products $251.2 million (1977), imports $125.8 million (1977) Major industries: food processing, metal and engineering products, electrical and electronic machinery and equip- ment, chemicals, petroleum products, and natural gas Shortages: crude petroleum, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp, pulpwood, lumber, feedgrains, and oilseeds Crude steel: 7.7 million metric ton capacity; 5.2 million metric tons produced (1976), 380 kg per capita Electric power: 16,900,000 kW capacity (1977); 59 billion kWh produced (1977), 4,245 kWh per capita Exports: $43.7 billion (f.o.b., 1977); foodstuffs, machinery, chemicals, petroleum products, natural gas, textiles Imports: $46.6 billion (c.i.f., 1977); machinery, transpor- tation equipment, crude petroleum, foodstuffs, chemicals, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp Major trade partners: (1977) 62.2% EC, 27.6% West Germany, 13.1% Belgium-Luxembourg, 6.1% U.S. Aid: donar: bilateral economic aid authorized, $2,731 million (1970-76) Budget: (1979 est.) revenues $40.2 billion, expenditures $47.6 billion, deficit $7.4 billion at exchange rate of 2.21 guilders=$1 Monetary conversion rate: 2.4543 guilders=US$1, aver- age 1977 floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,979 km standard gage (1.435 m); 2,813 km government-owned (NS), 1,638 km electrified, 1,556 km double track; 166 km privately-owned Highways: 104,480 km total; 86,354 km paved (including 1,839 km of limited access, divided highways); 18,126 km gravel, crushed stone Inland waterways: 6,340 km, of which 35% is usable by craft of 900 metric ton capacity or larger Pipelines: 418 km crude oil; 965 km refined products; 4,489 km natural gas Ports: 8 major, 5 minor Civil air: 97 major transport aircraft (including 15 leased out and 4 leased in) Airfields: 29 total, 28 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: highly developed, well maintained, and integrated; extensive system of multiconductor cables, supplemented by radio-relay links; 5.41 million telephones (39.2 per 100 popl.); 6 AM, 19 FM, and 16 TV stations; 12 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,564,000; 3,197,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually 120,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $4.232 million; about 10% of central government budget NETHERLANDS ANTILLES LAND 1,020 km2; 5% arable, 95% waste, urban, or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm 148 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 PEOPLE Population: 249,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.3% (1-76 to 1-77) Nationality: noun-Netherlands Antillean(s); adjective- Netherlands Antillean Ethnic divisions: racial mixture with African, Caribbean Indian, European, Latin, and oriental influences; negroid characteristics are dominant on Curacao, Indian on Aruba Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; sizable Protes- tant, smaller Jewish minorities Language: officially Dutch; Papiamento, a Spanish- Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect predominates; English widely spoken Literacy: 95% Labor force: 76,000 (1972); 2% agriculture, 20% industry, 10% construction, 65% government and services, 3% other Organized labor: 60%-70% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Netherlands Antilles Type: territory within Kingdom of the Netherlands, enjoying complete domestic autonomy Capital: Willemstad, Curacao Political subdivisions: 4 island territories-Aruba, Bon- aire, Curacao, and the Windward Islands-St. Eustatius, southern part of St. Martin (northern part is French), Saba Legal system: based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence; Constitution adopted 1954 Branches: federal executive power rests nominally with Governor (appointed by the Crown), actual power exercised by 8-member Council of Ministers or cabinet presided over by Minister-President; legislative power rests with 22-mem- ber Legislative Council; independent court system under control of Chief Justice of Supreme Court of justice (administrative functions under Minister of justice); each island territory has island council headed by Lieutenant Governor Government leader: Minister-President Silvius G. M. Rozendal Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: Federal elections held every 4 years, last held 17 June 1977; Island council elections every 4 years, last held April and May 1975 Political parties and leaders: political parties are indigenous to each island: Curacao: Democratic Party (DP), S. G. M. Rozendal; National People's Party-United (NVP-U) Edsel Jenerun; Frente Obrero de Liberation' 30 di Mayo (FOL), Wilson "Papa" Godett; Social Democratic Party (PSD), R. J. Isa Aruba: People's Electoral Movement (MEP), G. F. "Betico" Croes; Aruban Patriotic Party (PPA), L. O. Chance; Aruban People's Party (AVP), D. G. Croes Bonaire: Labor Party (POB); Democratic Party Bonaire (UPB); New Democratic Action (ADEN) Windward Islands: Windward Islands Democratic Party (DPWI); United Federation of Antillean Workers (UFA); Windward Islands Political Movement (WIPM); and others Voting strength: (1977 federal election) 6 seats DP, 5 seats MEP, 3 seats FOL, 3 seats NVP, 3 seats PPA, 1 seat DPWI, 1 seat UPB Communists: no Communist Party Member of: EC (associate), WHO ECONOMY GNP: $652 million (1976), $2,680 per capita; real growth rate, -1% (est.) Agriculture: little production Major industries: petroleum refining on Curacao and Aruba; petroleum transshipment facilities on Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire; tourism on Curacao, Aruba, and St. Martin; light manufacturing on Curacao and Aruba Electric power: 300,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 6,880 kWh per capita Exports: $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 1977); 96% petroleum products, phosphate Imports: $3.1 billion (c.i.f., 1977); 64% crude petroleum, food, manufactures Major trade partners: exports-46% U.S., 2% Canada, 1% Netherlands; imports-35% Venezuela, 11% U.S., 4% Neth- erlands (1977) Aid: bilateral commitments (1970-76), economic-West- ern (non-U.S.) countries $203.6 million Budget: (1977) public sector current revenues, $278 million; public sector expenditures, $306 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.8 Netherlands Antillean florins (NAF)=US$1, official Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 700 km total; 500 km paved, 200 km gravel and earth Ports: 3 major (Willemstad, Oranjestad, Caracasbaai, Bullennbaai); 6 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft (including 4 leased in) Airfields: 7 total, all usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station 149 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Telecommunications: generally adequate telecom facili- ties; extensive interisland radio-relay links; 48,000 telephones (19.9 per 100 pop].); 11 AM, 1 FM and 5 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 57,000; 33,000 fit for military service; about 2,000 reach military age (20) annually Defense is responsibility of the Netherlands V P PUA W Cuu A' Coral Sea NEWS CALEDONIA Pacific Ocean Tasman Sea NEW ZEALAND LAND 22,015 km'; 6% cultivable, 22% pasture land, 15% forests, 57% waste or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 3 nm) Coastline: 2,254 km PEOPLE Population: 140,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-New Caledonian(s); adjective-New Caledonian Ethnic divisions: Melanesian 42%; French 40%; remain- der Vietnamese, Indonesian, Chinese, Polynesian Religion: natives 90% Christian Language: Melanesian-Polynesian dialects Literacy: unknown Labor force: size unknown; Javanese and Tonkinese laborers were imported for plantations and mines in pre-World War II period; immigrant labor now coming from Wallis Islands, New Hebrides, and French Polynesia Organized labor: unorganized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies Type: French overseas territory; represented in French parliament by one deputy and one Senator Capital: Noumea Political subdivisions: 4 islands or island group depend- encies-Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands, Huon Islands, Island of New Caledonia Legal system: French law Branches: administered by Governor, who is also High Commissioner for France in the Pacific; responsible to French Ministry for Overseas France and Governing Council; Assemblee Territoriale Government leader: Jean-Gabriel Eriau, Governor and French High Commissioner Suffrage: universal Elections: Assembly elections every 5 years, last in September 1977 Political parties: Rassemblement Pour La Caledonie- Conservative; Union Caledonienne-eventual independ- ence; Union Multiraciale and Palika-independence parties Voting strength (1977 election): Rassemblement Pour La Caledonie, 12 seats; Union Caledonienne, 9 seats; Palika, 2 seats; 8 other parties divide up remaining 12 seats Communists: number unknown; Union Caledonienne strongly leftist; some politically active Communists were deported during 1950's; small number of North Vietnamese Other political parties and pressure groups: several lesser parties Member of: EIB (associate) ECONOMY GNP: $193 million, $1,800 per capita (1971 est.) Agriculture: large areas devoted to cattle grazing; major products-coffee and vegetables; 60% self-sufficient in beef; must import grains and vegetables Industry: mining of nickel Electric power: 320,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1977), 12,310 kWh per capita Exports: $289 million (f.o.b., 1975); 99% nickel Imports: $348 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, transport equipment, food Major trade partners: (1972) exports-55% France, 24% Japan, 11% U.S.; imports-52% France, 13% Australia, 12% rest of EC Monetary conversion rate: 86 CFP francs=US$1 (1972) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 5,448 km total (1977); 558 km paved, 2,251 km improved earth, 2,639 km unimproved earth 150 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051A001000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 NEW CALEDONIA/NEW HEBRIDES/NEW ZEALAND Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 major (Noumea), 21 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 31 total, 30 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 airfield over 2,440 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 20,600 telephones (14.9 per 100 pop].); 5 AM, no FM, and 7 TV stations; 1 earth satellite station NEW HEBRIDES Pacific Ocean SOLOMON ISLANDS Coral Sea Legal system: 3 sets of courts; one each for French and British subjects, one for New Hebrides native affairs Branches: Representative Assembly of 42 members, elected November 1977; election boycotted by major party Government leaders: two resident commissioners, one French; one British Political parties and leaders: National Party (Vanuaaku Pati), chairman Walter Lini; NA Griamel Party, leader Jimmy Stevens; Mouvement d'Action des Nouvelles Hebri- des (MANN) ECONOMY Agriculture: export crops of copra, cocoa, coffee, some livestock and fish production; subsistence crops of copra, taro, yams Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1977); 13 million kWh produced (1977), 130 kWh per capita Exports: $27 million (1974); 24% copra, 59% frozen fish Imports: $44 million (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 1 pound=US$2.37 (official currency), 0.74 Australian $=US$1, 86 Colonial Franc Pacificiue (CFP)=US$1 (1972) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: at least 240 km sealed or all-weather roads Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 27 total, 26 usable; 2 runways 1,220-2,439 m, 2 with permanent-surface runways Telecommunications: 3 AM broadcast stations; 2,300 telephones (2.3) per 100 pop1.); 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Personnel: no military forces maintained; however, the French and British maintain constabularies of about 100 men each NEW HEBRIDES`, NEWq, LAND About 14,763 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 2,528 km PEOPLE Population: 102,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-74 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-New Hebridean(s); adjective-New Hebrides Ethnic divisions: 92% indigenous Melanesian, 3% Euro- pean, remainder Vietnamese, Chinese, and various Pacific Islanders Religion: most at least nominally Christian Literacy: probably 10%-20% GOVERNMENT Legal name: New Hebrides Condominium Type: Anglo-French condominium Capital: Vila Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts NEW ZEALAND LAND 268,276 km2; 3% cultivated, 50% pasture; 10% parks and reserves; 20% waste, water, etc., 1% urban, 16% forested; 4 principal islands, 2 minor inhabited islands, several minor uninhabited islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) Coastline: about 15,134 km PEOPLE Population: 3,176,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.8% (1-75 to 1-78) Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 ) Coral Sea Pacific Ocean Tasman Sea lu Wellington Nationality: noun-New Zealander(s); adjective-New Zealand Ethnic divisions: 93% European, 7% Maori Religion: 90% Christian, 9% none or unspecified; 1% Hindu, Confucian, and other Literacy: 98% Labor force: 1,207,700; 13% agriculture, 33% manufac- turing and construction, 9% transportation and communica- tions, 24% commerce and finance, 21% administrative and professional; unemployment 5.7% (1976) Organized labor: 52% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of New Zealand (rarely used) Type: independent state within Commonwealth, recogniz- ing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Wellington Political subdivisions: 112 counties Legal system: based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maori tribesmen; constitution consists of various documents, including certain acts of the U.K. and New Zealand Parliaments; legal education at Victoria, Auckland, Canterbury, and Otago Universities; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Waitangi Day, 6 February Branches: unicameral legislature (General Assembly, commonly called Parliament); Cabinet responsible to Parlia- ment; 3-level court system (Magistrates, Courts, Supreme Court, and Court of Appeal) Government leader: Prime Minister Robert D. Muldoon Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: held at 3 year intervals or sooner if parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election November 1975 Political parties and leaders: National Party (Govern- ment), Robert D. Muldoon; Labour Party (Opposition), Wallace E. Rowling; Social Credit Political League, Bruce Beetham; Communist Party, George Victor Wilcox; pro- Soviet Socialist Unity Party, George Edward Jackson Voting strength (1978 election): National Party 49 seats, Labour Party 42 seats, Social Credit 1 seat Communists: CPNZ about 300, SUP about 100 Member of: ADB, ANZUS, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $12.8 billion (1976), $4,060 per capita; real average annual growth (1975-77), 1.4% Agriculture: fodder and silage crops about one-half of area planted in field crops; main products-wool, meat, dairy products; New Zealand is food surplus country; caloric intake, 3,500 calories per day per capita (1964) Fishing: catch 70,449 metric tons (1976) Major industries: food processing, textile production, machinery, transport equipment; wood and paper products Electric power: 5,380,000 kW capacity (1977); 22.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 7,060 kWh per capita Exports: $3.2 billion (f.o.b., 1977); principal products (trade year 1977)-24% meat, 14% dairy products, 20% wool Imports: $3.4 billion (c.i.f., 1977); 29% machinery, 23% manufactured goods, 11% chemicals (trade year 1977) Major trade partners: (trade year 1977) exports-20% U.K., 13% Japan, 12% Australia, 11% U.S.; imports-21% Australia, 17% U.K., 15% Japan, 13% U.S. Aid: gross official aid deliveries to LDC and multilateral agencies FY75, $80.1 million Budget: expenditures, 3,827 million NZ$, receipts, 3,330 million NZ$ (FY75) Monetary conversion rate: NZ$1=US$1.0571, September 1978 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March NOTE: trade data are for year ending 30 June; trade year and fiscal year do not correspond COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,716 km total (1977); all 1.067-meter gage; 274 km double track; 113 km electrified; over 99% government owned Highways: 92,617 km total (1977); 46,716 km paved, 45,901 km gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: 1,609 km; of little importance to transportation Pipelines: natural gas, 785 km Ports: 3 major Civil air: about 40 major transport aircraft Airfields: 193 total, 183 usable; 23 with permanent-sur- face runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 49 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 5 seaplane stations 152 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Telecommunications: excellent international and domes- tic systems; 1,570,000 telephones (52 per 100 popl.); 60 AM stations in 31 cities, no FM, 11 TV stations, and 129 repeaters; submarine cables extend to Australia and Fiji Islands; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 773,000; 716,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 30,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $281.8 million; about 3.6% of central govern- ment budget NICARAGUA LAND 147,900 km2; 7% arable, 7% prairie and pasture, 50% forest, 36% urban, waste, or other Land boundaries: 1,220 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 200 nm; continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 910 km PEOPLE Population: 2,447,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Nicaraguan(s); adjective-Nicara- guan Ethnic divisions: 69% mestizo, 17% white, 9% Negro, 5% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish (official); English speaking minority on Atlantic coast Literacy: 52% of population 10 years of age and over Labor force: 728,419 (1977 est.); 43% agriculture, 15% manufacturing, 13% commerce, 29% other; shortage of skilled labor, but underemployment of unskilled labor except during harvest Organized labor: about 5.6% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Nicaragua Type: republic Capital: Managua Political subdivisions: 1 national district and 16 departments Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted in 1974; legal education at Universidad Nacional de Nicaragua and Universidad Centroamericana; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September Branches: President (traditionally dominant), bicameral legislature, judiciary elected by legislature, and Supreme Electoral Tribunal (4th branch) Government leader: President Anastasio SOMOZA Debayle Suffrage: universal over age 18 if married or literate, otherwise 21 Elections: every 6 years; municipal elections every 3 years Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Liberal Party (PLN), Anastasio Somoza; Nicaraguan Conservative Party (PCN), Rene Sandino Voting strength (1974 elections): PLN, 95% of votes; PCN, 5% of votes; PCN will, however, occupy 40% of legislative seats by constitutional provision Communists: Communist movement split into hard-line Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN) illegal, 60 members; soft-line Nicaraguan Communist Party (PCN) illegal, 40 members, and small anti-Somoza terrorist organization Sandinist National Liberation Front (FSLN) 1,200 members and larger number of sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Union of Liberation (UDEL), an opposition front lacking legal status of a political party, composed of anti-Somoza political movements and labor groups with orientations ranging from conservative to Christian Democrat to Communist, leader- ship includes Rafael Cordova Rivas, Ramiro Sacasa, Ignacio Zelaya, Domingo Sanchez; Nicaraguan Development Insti- tute (INDE), a private sector pressure group with two operative arms: FUNDE and EDUCREDITO which, respectively, promote cooperatives and disburse educational loans; group of 12, an FSLN associated opposition group of prominent professional men; Nicaraguan Democratic Move- ment (MDN), a private sector anti-Somoza organization led by Alfonso Robelo Member of: CACM, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, IPU, ISO, ITU, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Shipping Line-Naviera nacional del Caribe), OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $2,242 million (1977 prelim.), $980 per capita; 70% private consumption, 8% government consumption, 27% domestic investment, -5% net foreign balance (1977); real growth rate 1977, 5.9% prelim. Agriculture: main crops-cotton, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, beans, cattle; caloric intake, 2,300 calories per day per capita (1966) Fishing: catch 15,200 metric tons (1977); exports valued at $22.7 million (1977) Major industries: food processing, chemicals, metal products, textiles and clothing Electric power: 358,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1977), 520 kWh per capita Exports: $630 million (f.o.b., 1977); cotton, coffee, chemical products, meat, sugar Imports: $758 million (c.i.f., 1977); food and non-food agricultural products, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, trans- portation equipment, machinery, construction materials, clothing, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-19% U.S., 22% CACM, 28% EC, 31% other; imports-22% U.S., 26% CACM, 14% EC, 37% other (1976) Aid and Ex-Im Credits: economic-extensions (1970-76) from U.S., $145.3 million; other Western countries, $26.8 million; military-(1970-76) from U.S., $17 million Budget: 1978 expenditures $480 million, revenues $300 million Monetary conversion rate: 7.0263 cordobas=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 318 km 1.067-meter gage, government owned Highways: 18,150 km total; 1,550 km paved, 7,200 km otherwise improved, 9,400 km unimproved Inland waterways: 2,220 km, including 2 large lakes Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km Ports: 4 major (Corinto, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Somoza, San Juan del -Sur), 6 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft (including 2 leased in) Airfields: 426 total, 404 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: low-capacity wire and radio-relay network; connection into Central American microwave net; satellite ground station; 55,300 telephones (2.5 per 100 popl.); 85 AM, 30 FM, and ~ 7 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 507,000; 313,000 fit for military service; 26,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1978, $56.2 million for the Ministry of Defense, including civil functions (e.g., police and civil air); 13% of central government budget LAND 1,266,510 km2; about 3% cultivated, perhaps 20% some- what arable, remainder desert Land boundaries: 5,745 km PEOPLE Population: 5,064,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-76 to 7-77) Nationality: noun-Nigerien (sing. and pl.); adjective- Niger Ethnic divisions: main Negroid groups 75% (of which, Hausa 50%, Djerma and Songhai 21%); Caucasian elements include Tuareg, Toubous, and Tamacheks; mixed group includes Fulani Religion: 80% Muslim, remainder largely animists and a very few Christians Language: French official, many African languages; Hausa used for trade Literacy: about 6% Labor force: 26,000 wage earners; bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry Organized labor: negligible GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Niger Type: republic; military regime in power since April 1974 Capital: Niamey Political subdivisions: 7 departments, 32 arrondissements 154 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960, suspended 1974; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Proclamation of the Republic, 18 December Branches: executive authority exercised by Supreme Military Council (SMC) composed of army officers; cabinet includes civilians Government leader: Lt. Col. Seyni Kountche, President of Supreme Military Council and Chief of State Suffrage: suspended Elections: political activity banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no Communist party; some sympathizers in outlawed. Sawaba party Member of: AFDB, APC, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $510 million (1976), $100 per capita, annual growth estimated by U.S. Embassy at 9.8% (1973-76) Agriculture: commercial-peanuts, cotton, livestock; main food crops-millet, sorghum, niche beans, vegetables Major industries: cement plant, brick factory, rice mill, small cotton gins, oil presses, slaughterhouse, and a few other small light industries; uranium production began in 1971 Electric power: 20,000 kW capacity (1977); 70 million kWh produced (1977), 10 kWh per capita Exports: $118 million (f.o.b., 1976); about 65% uranium, rest peanuts and related products, livestock, hides, skins; exports understated because much regional trade not recorded Imports: $177 million (c.i.f., 1976); fuels, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, consumer goods Major trade partners: France (over 50%), other EC countries, Nigeria, UDEAC countries, U.S.; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic-Western (non-U.S.) companies (1970-76), $372.1 million; U.S. (1970-76), $107.4 million; Communist countries (1970-76), $54.4 million; OPEC (ODA) (1973-76), $24.3 million Budget: (FY76-77) revenue $131 million, expenditure $96 million, surplus $35 million Monetary conversion rate: about 242.69 Communaute Financiere Africaine=US$1 as of November 1977, floating Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 7,582 km total; 1,759 km bituminous, 2,791 km gravel, 3,032 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Niger River navigable 300 km from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March Ports: Niger landlocked; outlet to sea is Cotonou, Benin Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 66 total, 62 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: sparse system of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and small radiocommunications stations; principal telecommunication center Niamey; 8,000 tele- phones (0.2 per 100 pop].); 10 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station; 1 Atlantic Ocean Comsat station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,105,000; 593,000 fit for military service; about 50,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1978, $16.8 million; about 9.3% of central government budget NIGERIA LAND 924,630 km2; 24% arable (13% of total land area under cultivation), 35% forested, 41% desert, waste, urban, or other Land boundaries: 4,034 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm Coastline: 853 km 155 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 PEOPLE Population: 69,492,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Nigerian(s); adjective-Nigerian Ethnic divisions: of the more than 250 tribal groups, the Hausa and Fulani of the north, the Yoruba of the south, and the Ibos of the east comprise 60% of the population; about 27,000 non-Africans Religion: 47% Muslim, 34% Christian, 19% other Literacy:est. 25% Language: English official; Hausa, Yoruba, and Ibo also widely used Labor force: approx. 22.5 million; about 41% of total population; roughly 1.3 million wage earners, of whom 560,000 work in modern enterprises Organized labor: between 800,000 and 1 million wage earners, approx. 2.4% of total labor force, belong to some 70 unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Type: federal republic since 1963; under military rule since January 1966 Capital: Lagos Political subdivisions: 19 states, headed by military governors Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; new constitution has been promulgated for restoration of civilian rule in October 1979; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October Branches: Federal Military Government; decrees issued by Supreme Military Council, advised by largely civilian Federal Executive Council Government leader: Lieutenant General Olusegun Oba- sanjo, Head of Federal Military Government and Com- mander in Chief of Nigerian Armed Forces Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: nonpartisan elections for local government councils held in late 1976; the military has promised to restore power to an elected civilian regime after state and federal elections are held between April and October 1979 Political parties and leaders: political activity was legalized in September 1978, after a 12-year ban, to permit the organization of parties in preparation for election in 1979 Communists: the Nigerian left is divided among three minor socialist-oriented political parties and a small pro- Communist underground, leftist leaders are prominent in the country's central labor organization but have little influence on government Member of: AFDB, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $33 billion (FY77 current prices), $500 per capita; 7.5% growth rate (1970-76) Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, cotton, cocoa, rubber, yams, cassava, sorghum, palm kernels, millet, corn, rice; livestock; almost self-sufficient Fishing: catch 494,767 metric tons (1976); imports $14.5 million (1974) Major industries: mining-crude oil, natural gas, coal, tin, columbite; processing industries-oil palm, peanut, cotton, rubber, petroleum, wood, hides, skins; manufacturing industries-textiles, cement, building materials, food prod- ucts, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics Electric power: 1,367,000 kW capacity (1977); 4 billion kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Exports: $10.2 billion (f.o.b., 1978 est.); oil (95%), cocoa, palm products, rubber, timber, tin Imports: $12 billion (c.i.f., 1978 est.); machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals Major trade partners: U.K., EC, U.S. Budget: FY78-79 proposed-current revenue $10.9 bil- lion, current expenditures, $4.2 billion; capital expenditures, $7.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 Naira=US$1.59 (June 1978) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,505 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 89,318 km total 15,300 km paved (mostly bituminous surface treatment); remainder laterite, gravel, crushed stone, improved earth Inland waterways: 8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks; additionally, Kainji Lake has several hundred miles of navigable lake routes Pipelines: 1,207 km crude oil; 97 km natural gas; 5 km refined products Ports: 2 major (Lagos/Apapa, Port Harcourt), 10 minor Civil air: 39 major transport aircraft (including 6 leased in) Airfields: 83 total, 79 usable; 17 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: above average system composed of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center Lagos, secondary centers Ibadan 156 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 and Kaduna; 121,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 pop].); 25 AM, 6 FM, and 9 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean satellite station and 19 domestic stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 15,551,000; 8,895,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 716,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, $2.1 billion; about 16.3% of central government budget NORWAY LAND Continental Norway, 323,750 km2; Svalbard, 62,160 kmz; Jan Mayen, 373 km2; 3% arable, 2% meadows and pastures, 21% forested, 74% other Land boundaries: 2,579 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (fishing 200 nm); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: mainland 3,419 km; islands 2,413 km (excludes long fjords and numerous small islands and minor indenta- tions which total as much as 16,093, km overall) PEOPLE Population: 4,067,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 0.4% (1-77 to 1-78) Nationality: noun-Norwegian(s); adjective-Norwegian Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 4% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other Language: Norwegian, small Lapp and Finnish-speaking minorities NIGERIA/NORWAY Literacy: 100% Labor force: 1.9 million; 11.4% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 25.3% mining and manufacturing, 8.1% construc- tion, 16.3% commerce, 9.9% transportion and communica- tion, 28.5% services; 1.4% unemployed (average annual 1977) Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Norway Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Oslo Political subdivisions: 19 counties, 2 territories, 404 communes, 47 towns Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; constitution adopted 1814, modified 1884; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; legal education at University of Oslo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Constitution Day, 17 May Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Storting); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 5 superior courts, 104 lower courts Government leaders: King Olav V; Prime Minister Odvar Nordli Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 20 Elections: held every 4 years (next in September 1981) Political parties and leaders: Labor, Reiulf Steen; Conservative, Erling Norvik; Center, Gunnar Stalsett; Christian People's, Lars Kosvald; Liberal, Hans Hammond Rossbach; New People's Party, Magne Lerheim; Socialist Left, Berge Furre; Norwegian Communist, Martin Gunnar Knutsen; Progressive, Arve Loennum Voting strength (1977 election): Labor, 42.5%; Conserva- tive, 24.6%; Christian People's, 12.1%; Center, 8.6%; New People's Party (anti-tax), 1.7%; Socialist Left (Socialist Electoral Alliance) (formerly anti-tax), 4.1%; liberal, 3.2% Progressive, 1.9%; Norwegian Communist, 0.4%; Red Elec- tion Alliance, 0.6%, latter two are communist parties Communists: 2,500 est.; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 22,500 Communist votes cast in the 1969 election (in the 1973 election the Communist Party vote total was submerged in the 241,851 votes won by the Socialist Electorial Alliance which included the Norwegian Commu- nist Party and two other parties) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC , EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IEA (associate member), IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 ECONOMY GNP: $35.8 billion in 1977, $8,850 per capita; 56% private consumption; 36% investment; 19% government; net foreign balance -11%; 1976 growth rate 3.9%, in constant prices; 4.8% average (1970-76) Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates; main crops-feed grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; 40% self-suf- ficient; food shortages-food grains, sugar; caloric intake, 2,940 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 3.4 million metric tons (1976); value $476 million (1976); exports $467 million (1976) Major industries: oil and gas, food processing, shipbuild- ing, wood pulp, paper products, metals, chemicals Shortages: most. raw materials with the exception of timber, petroleum, iron, copper, and ilmenite ore, dairy products and fish Crude steel: 732,779 metric tons produced (1977), 180 kg per capita Electric power: 18,200,000 kW capacity (1977); 72.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 17,885 kWh per capita Exports: $8,712 million (f.o.b., 1977); principal items- metals, pulp and paper, fish products, ships, chemicals, oil Imports: $12,874 million (c.i.f., 1977); principal items- foodstuff, ships, fuels, motor vehicles, iron and steel, chemical compounds, textiles Major trade partners: 49% EC (19% U.K., 12% West Germany, 6% Denmark); 16% Sweden; 5% U.S.; 3% East Bloc countries (1977) Aid: donor, bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $503 million (1970-76) Budget: (1977) revenues $8.8 billion, expenditures $9.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 kroner=US$0.188 (1977) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,257 km standard gage (1.435 m); Norwegian State Railways (NSB) operates 4,241 km (2,440 km electrified and 91 km double track); 16 km privately-owned and electrified Highways: 78,116 km total; 17,699 km concrete and bitumen; 19,277 km bituminous treated; 41,140 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth Inland waterways: 1,577 km; 1.5-2.4 m draft vessels maximum Pipelines: refined products, 53 km Ports: 9 major, 69 minor Civil air: 49 major transport aircraft Airfields: 101 total, 101 usable; 5:: with permanent- surface runways; 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 15 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 20 seaplane stations Telecommunications: high-quality domestic and interna- tional telephone, telegraph, and telex service; 1.48 million telephones (36.6 per 100 popl.); 40 AM, 357 FM, and 740 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 2 domestic satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 938,000; 763,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually, 31,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, $1.4 billion; about 9.3% of proposed central government budget LAND About 212,380 km2; negligible amount forested, remain- der desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 1,384 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 50 nm) Coastline: 2,092 km PEOPLE Population: 558,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Omani(s); adjective-Omani Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Arab with small groups of Iranians, Baluchis, and Indians Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: very low GOVERNMENT. Legal name: Sultanate of Oman Type: absolute monarchy; independent, with strong residual U.K. influence 158 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Capital: Muscat Political subdivisions: 1 province (Dhofar), 9 regions, and numerous districts (wilayats) Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; no constitution; ultimate appeal to the Sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 18 November Government leader: Sultan Qabus ibn Said Al Bu Sa'id Other political or pressure groups: Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO), based in South Yemen Member of: Arab League, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, NAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $2.6 billion (1977), $4,880 per capita est. Agriculture: based on subsistence farming (fruits, dates, cereals, cattle, camels), fishing, and trade Major industries: petroleum discovery in 1964; produc- tion began in 1967; production 1977, 340,000 b/d; pipeline capacity, 400,000 b/d; revenue for 1976 est. at $1.4 billion Electric power: 240,000 kW capacity (1977); 380 million kWh produced (1977), 690 kWh per capita Exports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1977), mostly petroleum; non-oil exports (mostly agricultural) Imports: $813 million (c.i.f., 1977) Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., other European, Gulf states, India, Australia, China, Japan Aid: economic-OPEC (ODA) (1973-76), $857.2 million; Western (non-U.S.) countries (1970-76), $9.9 million; U.S. (1970-76), $1.0 million Budget: (1977) revenues $2.082 billion, expenditures $2.2 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 Riyal Omani=US$2.93 (as of October 1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 2,816 km total; 5 km bituminous surface, 2,811 km motorable track Pipelines: crude oil 370 km; natural gas 200 km Ports: 1 major (Qaboos), 3 minor Civil air: 21 major transport aircraft Airfields: 164 total, 130 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 runway over 3,660 nm, 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 46 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of open-wire, radio-re- lay and radiocommunications stations; 2 satellite ground stations; 7,300 telephones (1.3 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, no FM, 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 124,000; 72,000 fit for military service PAKISTAN LAND 803,000 km2 (includes Pakistani Part of Jammu-Kashmir); 40% arable, including 24% cultivated; 23% unsuitable for cultivation; 34% unreported, probably mostly waste; 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,900 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; plus right to establish 100 nm conservation zones beyond territorial sea); 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 1,046 km PEOPLE Population: 78,978,000, excluding Junagadh, Manavadar, Gilgit, Baltistan, and the disputed area of Jammu-Kashmir, (January 1979), average annual growth rate 3.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Pakistani(s); adjective-Pakistani Religion: 97% Muslim, 3% other Language: official, Urdu; total spoken languages-7% Urdu, 64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 9% other; English is lingua franca Literacy: about 17% Labor force: 22 million (1978 est.); 60% agriculture, 16% industry, 7% commerce, 15% service, 2% unemployed Organized labor: 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan Type: parliamentary, federal republic; military seized power 5 July 1977 and temporarily suspended some constitutional provisions Capital: Islamabad Political subdivisions: 4 provinces-Punjab, Sind, Balu- chistan, and North-West Frontier-with the capital territory of Islamabad and certain tribal areas centrally administered; Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Pakistan claims that Azad Kashmir is independent pending a settlement of the dispute with India, but it is in fact under Pakistani control Legal system: based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March Government leader: President and Chief Martial Law Administrator Gen. Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq Suffrage: universal from age 18 Elections: opposition agitation against rigging of elections in March 1977 eventually led to military coup; military promised to hold new national and provincial assembly elections in October 1977 but later postponed them indefinitely Political parties and leaders: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), pro-Bhutto wing, Mrs. Z. A. Bhutto, moderate wing, Maulana Kauser Niazi; Tehrik-i-Istiqlal, Asghar Khan; National Democratic Party (NDP), Sherbaz Mazari (formed in 1975 by members of outlawed National Awami Party (NAP) of Abdul Wali Khan, who is de facto NDP leader); Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Pakistan (JUP), Maulana Shah Ahmed Noorani; Pakistan National Alliance (PNA), a coalition of eight parties including Pakistan Muslim League (PML)-Pir of Pagaro group; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Tofail Mohammed; Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI), Mufti Mahmud; Pakistan Democratic Party (PDP), Nasrullah Khan Communists: party membership very small; sympathizers estimated at several thousand Other political or pressure groups: military remains strong political force Member of: ADB, CENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, GATT, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, RCD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $15.0 billion (FY78 est.), $200 per capita; average annual real growth, 4.0% (1970-78) Agriculture: extensive irrigation; main crops-wheat, rice, and cotton; foodgrain shortage, about 1 million tons imported in FY78 Fishing: catch 197,550 metric tons (1978 est.) Major industries: cotton textiles, food processing, tobacco, engineering, chemicals, natural gas Electric power: 3,430,000 kW capacity (1977); 13.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 175 kWh per capita Exports: $1,342 million (f.o.b., 1978); cotton (raw and manufactured), rice Imports: $2,738 million (c.i.f., 1978); foodgrains, edible oil, crude oil,machinery, transport equipment, chemicals Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., Japan, West Germany Budget: expenditures, FY78-current expenditures, $2,048.7 million; capital expenditures, $1,717.2 million Monetary conversion rate: 9.9 rupees=US$1 (since February 1973) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 8,565 km total (1977); 446 km meter gage (1.000 m), 7,507 km broad gage (1.676 m), 612 km narrow gage (0.762 m); 1,022 km double track; 286 km electrified; government-owned Highways: 70,424 km total (1977); 19,296 km paved, 13,019 km gravel, 1,854 km improved earth, 36,255 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,850 km Pipelines: 230 km crude oil; 1,931 km natural gas Ports: 1 major, 5 minor Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft Airfields: 108 total, 102 usable; 63 with permanent-sur- face runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 25 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,200-2,439 m Telecommunications: good international radiocommuni- cation service over CENTO microwave and intelsat satellite; domestic radiocommunications poor; broadcast service very good; 300,000 (est.) telephones (0.4 per 100 popl.); 27 AM, no FM, 16 TV stations, and 4 repeaters; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE Military manpower: males 15-49, 17,054,000; 10,136,000 fit for military service; 858,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1978, $996 million; about 28.4% of central government budget PANAMA Ii ARAGUA LAND 75,650 km2 (excluding Canal Zone, 1,430 km2); 24% agricultural land (9% fallow, 4% cropland, 11% pasture), 20% exploitable forest, 56% other forests, urban, and waste 160 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continen- tal shelf including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 2,490 km PEOPLE Population: 1,837,000 (January 1979), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Panamanian(s); adjective-Pana- manian Ethnic divisions: 70% mestizo, 14% Negro, 9% white, 7% Indian and other Religion: over 90% Roman Catholic, remainder mainly Protestant Language: Spanish; about 14% speak English as native tongue; many Panamanians bilingual Literacy: 82% of population 10 years of age and over Labor force: 482,200 (1972 est.); 39.5% commerce, finance and services; 33.9% agriculture, hunting and fishing; 9.7% manufacturing and mining; 6.8% construction; 5% Canal Zone; 3.9% transportation and communications; 1.2% utilities; unemployment estimated at 10% to 13%; shortage of skilled labor but an oversupply of unskilled labor Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Panama Type: republic Capital: Panama Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 1 intendancy Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted in 1972; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Panama; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 3 November Branches: President (subordinate to National Guard Commandant, Gen. Omar Torrijos) and Vice President, elected by National Assembly; popularly elected unicameral legislature, National Assembly of Community (Corregi- miento) Representatives; legislative powers currently exer- cised in the main by executive branch appointees, but constitutional amendments, approved in October 1978, will give greater legislative role to National Assembly; presiden- tially appointed Supreme Court Government leaders: Aristides Royo is Constitutional President and Chief of State, but subordinate to Brig. Gen. Omar Torrijos, the National Guard Commandant Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: elections for National Assembly in August 1978, Assembly chose President and Vice President in October 1978; constitutional reforms will allow Assembly to elect from its own membership representatives to constitute a new legislative organ, the National Council on Legislation; additional representatives to the council will be chosen in direct, popular elections in 1980; direct popular elections for president and vice president, and corregimiento will be held in 1984 Political parties and leaders: legislation providing for legalization of political parties, which were suspended for the last nine years, approved October 1978; Communist Party, although illegal, has been allowed to operate; beginning in September 1977, activity by other political parties was also tolerated Voting strength: no parties participated in the 1978 elections Communists: 500 active and several hundred inactive members People's Party (PdP); 500-600 members of rival Fraction movement which split from PdP in 1974; 2,500 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: National Council of Private Enterprise (CONEP); Panamanian Association of Business Executives (APEDE) Member of: FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, IWC-Internation- al Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Coun- cil, NAM, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $2,215 million (1977), $1,250 per capita; 72% private consumption, 15% government consumption, 21% gross fixed investment, - 8% net foreign balance (1977); real growth (1977), 1.6% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most basic foods; 2,450 calories per day per capita (1969 ) Fishing: catch 171,641 metric tons (1976); exports $18.8 million (1974); imports $2.2 million (1974) Major industries: food processing, metal products, construction materials, petroleum products, clothing, furni- ture Electric power (including Canal Zone): 600,000 kW capacity (1977); 2.5 billion kWh produced (1977), 1,410 kWh per capita Exports: $253 million (f.o.b., 1977); bananas, petroleum products, shrimp, sugar, meat, coffee Imports: $862 million (c.i.f., 1977); manufactures, trans- portation equipment, crude petroleum, chemicals, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-45% U.S., 12% Canal Zone, 9% West Germany, 7% Italy, 6% Netherlands; imports-31% U.S., 18% Ecuador, 8% Venezuela, 8% Colon Free Zone, 5% Japan, 4% Saudi Arabia, 3% Trinidad and Tobago (1976) Aid: economic-(FY70-76) U.S., $284 million; other Western countries, $266 million; military-U.S., $7 million 161 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 Approved For Release 2004/06/24: CIA-RDP79-01051AO01000010001-5 January 1979 Budget: (1978) $538 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 balboa=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 249 km total; 77 km 1.524--meter gage, 172 km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 7,700 km total; 2,500 kin paved, 2,600 km gravel or crushed stone, 2,600 km improved and unim- proved earth; Panama Canal Zone 240 km; 230 km paved, 10 km gravel Inland waterways: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal Pipelines: refined products, 96 km Ports: 2 major (Cristobal/Colon/Coco Solo, Balboa/ Panama City), 10 minor Civil air: 19 major transport aircraft (including 2 leased in) Airfields: (including Canal Zone) 152 total, 152 usable; 36 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: domestic and international telecom facilities well developed; connection into Central American microwave net; COMSAT ground station; 155,200 tele- phones (9.0 per 100 popl.); 90 AM, 30 FM, and 13 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 425,000; 293,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $32.6 million; about 10% of central government budget INDONN SI PAPUA

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