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• Publication Date: October 1, 1973
• Content Type: FORM

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People's Republic of China:
International Trade Handbook
A 73-29
October 1973
STAT
'e,", PTJ a' SE JLETUA
AGENCY AECRrVEs,.
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This publication is prepared for the use of U.S. Government
officials. The format, coverage, and contents of the publi-
cation are designed to meet the specific requirements of
governmental users. All inquiries concerning this document
from non-U.S. Government users are to be addressed to:
Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project
Exchange and Gift Division
Library of Congress
Washington, D.C. 20540
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R
ES
People's Republic of China-
International Trade Handbook
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This handbook on the international trade of the People's Republic
of China (PRC) was prepared as a research aid and is a sequel to Research
Aid A72-38, People's Republic of China: International Trade Handbook,
December 1972. It contains the following information: a short text setting
the trade of the PRC in perspective, assessing PRC trade during 1972, and
giving a preliminary estimate of the likely level of China's international
trade during 1973; Appendix A, comprising Tables 1 through 11, which
cover trade trends, trading partners, and commodity composition; and
Appendix B, listing Chinese foreign trade corporations.
The statistical data for this handbook are based on the official statistics
of the trading partners of the PRC, where available. Statistics for the PRC's
trade with the non-Communist developed countries and with Latin America
are essentially complete, but statistics for its trade with Africa and the
Near East and South Asia are fragmentary. Statistics on the PRC's trade
with the USSR and most East European countries are available. Statistics
are not available for other Communist countries, and estimates for these
countries are based on trade agreements and other trade indicators.
Non-Communist trade statistics have been adjusted to place Chinese trade
on an export f.o.b. and import c.i.f. basis.* In addition, adjustments have
been made for double counting, such as Chinese re-exports through Hong
Kong, and undercounting, such as grain purchased by China but delivered
to other countries. Because of rounding, components in the statistical tables
may not add to the totals shown.
The grouping of non-Communist countries is as follows: (1) developed
countries, including Australia, Japan, and New Zealand in East Asia and
the Pacific; all countries except Spain and Portugal in Western Europe;
Canada and the United States in North America; and South Africa; (2) less
developed countries, including all other East Asian and Pacific countries;
all Near East and South Asian countries; all countries in Latin America
except Cuba; and all countries in Africa except South Africa; and (3) Hong
Kong and Macao.
* The value of imports, which are shown on a c.i.f. basis, is the value of goods delivered to
Chinese docks, including insurance and freight charges. The value of exports, which are shown on
an f.o.b. basis, is the value of goods loaded on board ship in Chinese ports.
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Page
Trade in Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Historical Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Patterns of Trade in 1972 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Outlook for 1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Agricultural Imports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Major Purchases of Metals and Machinery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Purchases of Western Industrial Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
The United States - A Major Trading Partner . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Appendixes
A. Statistical Tables . . . . . . 9
B. China: Foreign Trade Corporations and Their Areas
of Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
I. China: Balance of Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2. China: Trade by Area and Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. China: Trade by Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4. China: Major Trading Partners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5. China: Commodity Composition of Trade . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. China: Commodity Composition of Exports . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. China: Commodity Composition of Imports . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. China: Commodity Composition of Trade
with Non-Communist Countries, 1971 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9. China: Commodity Composition of Trade
with Non-Communist Countries, 1972 . . . . . . . . . . . 14
10. China: Imports of Grain and Chemical Fertilizer . . . . . . . . 15
11. China: Contracts for Whole Plant Imports, 1973 . . . . . . . . 15
Figure 1. China: Balance of Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Figure 2. China: Commodity Composition of Trade, 1972 . . . . . . 4
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People's Republic of China:
International Trade Handbook
Trade in Perspective
1. The People's Republic of China (PRC) is not a major trading
nation by international standards. China's total exports in 1972 of US
$3 billion accounted for less than 1% of total world exports. Total PRC
trade last year was below that of Hong Kong and Taiwan and slightly higher
than the foreign trade of South Korea and India. Moreover, total Chinese
trade is a relatively low percentage of gross national product (GNP). This
is not surprising for a major country that has a massive population, a large
domestic market, and low per capita income. China's trade/GNP ratio in
1972 was almost the same as that of the USSR but below that of other
important trading nations, as illustrated in the following tabulation:
Total Trade
(Billion US $)
As a Percent
of GNP
PRC
5.8
4
USSR
31.5
5
India
4.7
9
United States
108.1
10
Japan
52.1
19
France
53.4
29
West Germany
86.9
36
South Korea
4.1
42
Taiwan
5.9
82
2. Although the PRC plays a minor role in the world trading scene,
foreign trade is a major factor in stabilizing and developing China's domestic
economy. The Chinese are dependent on imports of agricultural products
to help maintain a minimum standard of living for a huge population. The
PRC relies on imports of machinery and equipment, ferrous and nonferrous
metals, and advanced technology to support the growth and modernization
of the industrial sector of its economy. Foreign aircraft, railroad rolling
stock, trucks, and ships are also important to expansion of transportation
capabilities. A continuing need for such imports is leading the Chinese to
give increasing emphasis to development of new export industries and new
market areas. At the same time, the PRC has reverted this year to its
pre-Cultural Revolution (1966-69) practice of accepting medium-term
credits to finance imports of some complete industrial plants purchased
from the West.
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3. China's foreign trade has generally mirrored the overall trends in
the economy. The 1950s were dominated by the First Five-Year Plan
(1953-57), in which imports of Soviet plant and equipment played a major
role in restoring the economy, and by the ill-fated Great Leap Forward
(1958-60), in which the regime attempted to speed up economic growth
with a minimum of outside help. Trade grew steadily to $4.3 billion in
1959. The collapse of the Leap Forward program and the sudden withdrawal
of Soviet aid in 1960 caused trade to plummet to $2.7 billion by 1962.
By 1966, trade had recovered to nearly the 1959 peak level before again
falling during the economic slow-down brought on by the Cultural
Revolution. This decline was reversed after 1968, and the value of foreign
trade has increased annually since that time.
4. China's trade with Communist countries during the 1950s
accounted for about two-thirds of its total foreign trade. Following the
Sino-Soviet split in 1960, China shifted the balance of its trade to
non-Communist countries; in recent years trade with Communist nations
has been less than one-fourth of China's total trade.
5. With the exception of 1951-55, and a few later years, the PRC
has maintained a favorable balance of trade worldwide (see Figure 1). These
balances, however, do not necessarily reflect China's international financial
position. Trade with the Communist countries is bilateral, and imbalances
are generally settled with goods the following year or are matched by credits.
A trade imbalance with those countries thus has little or no effect on
Chinese reserves of gold and foreign exchange. Also, a major portion of
China's export surplus with the Communist countries consists of aid
deliveries to Albania and North Vietnam. Trade deficits with the
industrialized non-Communist countries are largely offset by surpluses with
the less developed countries and by remittances of foreign currency by
overseas Chinese to relatives on the mainland.
6. China's trade in 1972 followed the upward trend of recent years
and reached a new record level of $5.8 billion. This level of trade represented
an increase of 24% over 1971, which in turn was 10% higher than in 1970.
The real increase in China's trade in 1972 may be only about one-half
the 24% increase indicated by the dollar values. The increase in terms of
dollars includes the effects of the revaluation of world currencies in
December 1971 on the dollar estimates of China's trade as well as the real
increase in the volume of goods exchanged. Exports grew faster than imports
in 1972, and China registered a favorable trade balance with the world
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CHINA:
BALANCE OF TRADE
NON-COMMUNIST
3500
e 2500
of $280 million. Exports to
non-Communist countries sur-
passed imports by $50 million,
and China's balance of pay-
ments with these countries
probably registered a surplus.
7. The direction of
China's trade in 1972 did not
shift greatly from the previous
year. Trade with non-
Communist countries con-
stituted more than three-
fourths of China's trade.
Trade with developed coun-
tries as a percent of trade with
all non-Communist countries
decreased slightly from 62% in
1971 to 60% in 1972. Japan
and Hong Kong maintained
their positions as China's two
largest trading partners, fol-
lowed by Canada and West
Germany. Despite political dif-
ferences, China's trade with
the USSR in 1972 reached a
level of $255 million, an in-
crease of 65% over that in
1971 and nearly six times the
level of trade in 1970. The
USSR thus became China's
fifth-ranking trading partner.
M 11 8. The commodity
-' 2000 DEFICIT
? 1500 composition of China's
IMPORTS foreign trade in 1972 was sim-
500 ilar to that in 1971. China
1000 ~ OR TS
SURPLUS exported foodstuffs, crude
materials, textiles, clothing,
and light manufactures (see
Figure 2). In exchange it im-
ported wheat, corn, rubber,
textile fibers, cotton, fertilizer, metal products, machinery, and transport
equipment. Compared with 1971, imports of food in 1972 increased slightly
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CHINA:
COMMODITY COMPOSITION OF TRADE, 1972
EXPORTS
OTHER GOODS
CRUDE
MATERIALS
TEXTILES
AND
FOODSTUFFS
31%
OTHER
MANUFACTURED
GOODS
OTHER GOODS
1%
~WA o,5
I,A
: ' . MMENT
TRON AND
a OD JOTS
TOTAL: US $ 2,775 MILLION
as a percent of total imports. This increase was offset by a modest
percentage decrease in imports of manufactured items. On the export side in
1972, there was no change from 1971 in the relative position of the major
commodity groupings.1
9. Total Chinese trade in 1973 will follow the trend of recent years
and continue to expand at a substantial rate. Early trade data for 1973
with 11 of China's non-Communist trading partners shows a startling
1. For the details on trade in 1972, see Appendix A.
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increase of 78% over the same period in 1972, with exports growing by
55% and imports by 115%. The following tabulation compares China's trade
returns for early 1973 with those of the same period in 1972.
1972
1973
Percent
Change
Total
1,170.7
2,089.6
78
United States
Jan-Aug
19.4
314.4
1,521
Hong Kong
Jan-Jun
237.5
328.9
38
Italy
Jan-Jun
86.8
81.1
-7
Japan
Jan-Jun
524.3
871.5
66
Singapore
Jan-Jun
72.0
133.1
85
Australia
Jan-Apr
29.4
61.8
110
France
Jan-Apr
51.3
70.4
37
Switzerland
Jan-Apr
11.7
19.8
69
United Kingdom
Jan-Apr
50.8
89.6
76
Sweden
Jan-Mar
21.2
23.9
13
West Germany
Jan-Mar
66.3
95.1
43
10. Final trade returns for all countries for 1973 will not show as
sharp an increase as illustrated by the partial data in the tabulation. These
11 countries will account for most of the growth in China's total trade
in 1973. The rate of growth with other trading partners will not be as
spectacular. When final figures are available, total trade in 1973 probably
will show an increase of 25% to 30% -- to about $7.5 billion. As much
as one-half of the expected increase in the dollar value, however, will be
attributable to the revaluations of major world currencies in February 1973.
Agricultural Imports
11. To compensate for the poor harvest last year, the Chinese are
purchasing agricultural products at record levels. Total imports of grain,
vegetable oil, and cotton should nearly triple, from $450 million in 1972
to $1.2 billion in 1973. The increase in the value of agricultural imports
in 1973 reflects both higher prices and larger quantities of products
purchased. Also, a world shortage is forcing the price of fertilizer to rise
sharply. The Japanese negotiated a price increase of about 35% for fertilizer
sold to China this year.
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Major Purchases of Metals and Machinery
12. China's imports of ferrous and nonferrous metals in 1973 could
jump to $800 million, an increase of $70 million over 1972. Iron and steel
imports alone could cost $550 million to $600 million, with aluminum
and copper accounting for another $200 million to $250 million. In quantity
terms, iron and steel imports should reach a record level of more than
3 million metric tons this year. Imports of both aluminum and copper could
increase 20% to 30% over those of 1972 -- about 110,000 tons each.
13. In addition to purchases of agricultural products and metals, China
has contracted for substantial amounts of machinery and transport
equipment during the past year and a half. Delivery on most of these major
contracts, which are worth more than $1.0 billion, started in 1973 and
will continue into 1975. Ten Boeing 707s and 20 British Trident aircraft,
worth a total of $300 million, will substantially upgrade China's civil air
fleet. Dredgers, worth about $150 million, on order from Japanese and
Dutch firms, will be used to improve Chinese port facilities. Other major
purchases include cargo ships worth about $350 million, electric power
equipment worth $60 million, coal mining equipment worth about $45
million, and trucks worth more than $140 million.
Purchases of Western Industrial Plants
14. Another major development affecting trade in 1973 and in
subsequent years is China's expanding program to purchase industrial plants
from the West. Since the beginning of 1971 the PRC has purchased plants
worth almost $1 billion, almost five times the cost of such plants purchased
during the entire decade of the 1960s. Contracts signed to date in 1973
alone are worth nearly $900 million, and ongoing negotiations could
substantially increase this total if plants now under consideration are
purchased.
15. The PRC is giving priority to plants that produce items needed
in increasing volume to help clothe and feed China's massive population.
Purchases so far in 1973 include nine urea fertilizer complexes from the
United States, the Netherlands, and Japan and three petrochemical
complexes from Japan and France to produce man-made fibers. The nine
urea installations are among the largest in the world. They will have a
combined annual capacity of about 4.5 million tons and will greatly increase
China's output of urea fertilizer when construction is completed in 1976-77.
The value of 4.5 million tons of urea at current prices is about $340 million,
roughly equal to the total foreign exchange cost of the plants. When the
urea plants are placed in operation, the Chinese may cut back on imports
of fertilizer and thus save considerable foreign exchange.
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16. Directly related to China's large purchase of Western industrial
plants has been its recent willingness to make at least some plant purchases
on medium-term credit. Until early this year, the PRC has not accepted
medium-term financing since the mid-1960s. Eight industrial plants pur-
chased from Japan -- worth about $300 million -- are being financed under
credits carrying an average annual interest rate of 6%. Part of the financing is
being handled by commercial banks and part by Japan's Export-Import Bank.
The United States -- A Major Trading Partner
17. The most dramatic increase in China's trade in 1973 will occur
in its trade with the United States. Sino-US trade should jump from about
$110 million in 1972 to between $800 million and $900 million in 1973.
The United States is likely to replace Hong Kong as China's number two
trading partner and will move behind Japan as China's leading supplier.
Half of the 10 Boeing 707s sold to China -- worth about $75 million with
spare parts -- are scheduled for delivery this year. In addition, the United
States has become the principal supplier of agricultural products to the
PRC. Contracts for 1973 delivery of grain, cotton, soybeans, and vegetable
oil are worth about $650 million. Other US items going to China this year
are fertilizer, synthetic fibers, scrap metals, and tobacco. Deliveries of
machinery for three large ammonia plants sold to the PRC by a US firm
for about $75 million probably will not begin before 1974 and thus will
not show up in trade statistics this year.
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APPENDIX A
STATISTICAL TABLES
Total Trade
Communist Countries
Non-Communist Countries
Year
Total
Exports
Imports
Balance
Total
Exports
Imports
Balance
Total
Exports
Imports
Balance
1950
210
1
620
590
30
350
210
140
70
860
410
450
- 40
290
1951
,
900
1
780
1,120
-340
975
465
515
-50
920
315
605
-
35
1952
,
890
1
875
1,015
-140
1,315
605
710
-105
575
270
305
--
0
1953
,
295
2
040
1
1,255
215
1,555
670
885
215
740
370
370
25
1954
,
350
2
,
060
1
1,290
--230
1,735
765
970
-205
615
295
320
--
65
1955
,
035
3
,
1
375
1,660
285
2,250
950
1,300
350
785
425
360
1956
,
120
3
,
635
1
1,485
150
2,055
1,045
1,010
35
1,065
590
475
115
30
1957
,
055
3
,
1,615
1,440
175
1,965
1,085
880
205
1,090
530
560
--
65
1958
,
765
3
1,940
1,825
115
2,380
1,280
1,100
180
1,385
660
725
80
1959
,
290
4
230
2
2,060
170
2,980
1,615
1,365
250
1,310
615
695
-
120
1980
,
990
3
,
960
1
2,030
-70
2,620
1,335
1,285
50
1,370
625
745
--
215
1961
,
020
3
,
1,530
1,495
35
1,685
965
715
250
1,335
560
775
55
1962
,
675
2
1
525
1,150
375
1,410
915
490
425
1,265
605
660
1963
,
770
2
,
1,570
1,200
370
1,250
820
430
390
1,525
755
770
-15
40
1964
,
220
3
750
1
1,470
280
1,100
710
390
320
2,120
1,040
1,080
1965
,
880
3
,
035
2
1,845
190
1,165
650
515
135
21715
1,385
1,330
55
1966
,
245
4
,
2,210
2,035
175
1,090
585
505
80
3 ,155
1 ,625
1 ,530
95
145
1987
,
895
3
945
1
1,950
-5
830
485
345
140
3,065
1,460
1,605
35
1968
,
765
3
,
1,945
1,820
125
840
500
340
160
2,925
1,445
1,480
-
5
1969
,
860
3
2
030
1,830
200
785
490
295
195
3,075
1,540
1,535
1970
,
4
290
,
050
2
2,240
--190
860
480
380
100
3,430
1,570
1,860
--290
1971
,
720
4
,
2,415
2,305
110
1,085
585
500
85
3,635
1,830
1,805
25
50
.
1972
,
5,830
3,055
2,775
280
1,270
750
520
230
4,560
2,305
2,255
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Area and Country
Turnover
Exports
Imports
Balance
Turnover
Exports
Imports
Balance
Turnover
Exports
Imports
Balance
Total All Countries
4,290
2,050
2,240
-190
4,720
2,415
2,305
110
5,830
3,055
2,775
280
Non-Communist Countries
3,430
1,570
1,860
290
3,635
1,830
1,805
25
4,560
2,305
2,255
50
605
Developed Countries
2,230
675
1,555
--880
2,240
810
1,430
620
2,735
1,065
1,670
East Asia and Pacific
1,040
300
740
440
1,005
365
640
275
1 ,220
525
695
170
Of which:
Australia
175
40
133
95
71
42
29
13
105
35
50
5
72
Japan
855
255
000
345
929
322
607
- 285
1,108
468
640
1
Western Europe
1,015
355
660
305
985
410
575
165
1,060
460
600
140
Of which:
France
154
57
97
40
192
67
125
-58
158
90
68
22
Italy
132
56
76
20
127
56
71
15
162
74
88
14
Netherlands
58
25
33
8
60
35
25
10
51
39
12
27
Sweden
33
16
17
1
56
16
40
24
66
18
48
30
Switzerland
41
18
23
-5
42
23
19
4
39
17
22
5
United Kingdom
212
69
143
-74
161
69
92
23
167
77
90
13
West Germany
270
70
200
-130
249
89
160
71
282
92
190
98
North America
175
20
155
135
250
35
215
180
455
80
375
-295
Of which:
Canada
176
22
154
132
241
28
213
185
344
48
296
248
United States
Negl.
Negl.
Ncgl.
Negl.
5
5
Negl.
3
111
32
79
47
Less Developed Countries
825
525
300
225
945
575
370
205
1295
715
580
135
Southeast Asia
270
210
60
150
275
225
50
175
375
285
90
195
Of which:
Indonesia z,a
35
30
5
25
35
30
5
25
40
35
5
30
Malaysia and Singa-
pores 4
190
140
50
90
185
150
35
115
205
160
45
115
Near East and South Asia
310
180
130
50
265
155
110
45
325
180
145
35
Of which:
Egypt
34
13
21
-8
46
15
31
16
67
22
45
1
5
23
10
Pakistan
61
30
31
1
63
31
32
1
40
25
1
Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
86
46
40
6
58
26
32
6
42
15
27
12
Latin America
15
10
5
5
65
10
55
45
240
25
215
190
Africa
230
125
105
20
340
185
155
30
340
210
130
80
Others
Negl.
Negi.
Negl.
Ncgl.
N, eg1.
Ncgl.
Negl.
Negl.
15
15
Negl.
15
Hong Kong and Macao
375
370
5
365
450
445
5
440
530
525
5
520
Of which:
Hong Kong 9
359
354
5
349
431
428
3
425
513
509
4
505
Communist Countries
860
480
380
t00
1,085
585
500
85
1,270
750
520
230
1155R5
45
20
25
-5
155
75
80
5
255
135
120
15
Isar East5
190
125
65
60
225
150
75
75
260
180
80
100
Eastern Europe
355
165
190
25
445
195
250
55
490
240
250
10
Of which:
Czechoslovakia
56
25
31
li
59
25
34
9
55
30
25
5
East Germany
78
36
42
6
83
39
44
5
94
47
47
0
Poland
50
24
26
2
58
21
37
16
61
35
26
9
Romania
134
62
72
10
188
89
99
10
216
102
114
12
Other Communist Countries 9
270
170
100
70
260
16.5
95
70
265
195
711
12.5
I Data for individual countries, except where noted, are rounded to the nearest 81 million. All other data are rounded to the nearest $5 million.
s Rounded to the nearest 85 million.
3 Official statistics treat Indonesia are believed to include re-exports of Chinese goods from IIong Kong and Singapore, as there have been no known direct imports of
Chinese goods since 1966.
4 Almost all of China's exports to Malaysia probably are re-exported through Singapore and thus are double counted in the official statistics. 'to eliminate this double count-
ing, estimates of China's exports to Malaysia and Singapore include only those imports reported by Singapore. The few exports that go directly to Malaysia are probably
roughly compensated for in total trade to the area by re-exports through Singapore to Indonesia which have been reported as imports from China by both countries.
5 Includes Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Malta.
o Net of entrepot trade with third countries.
5 Includes North Korea, North Vietnam, and Mongolia.
e Includes Yugoslavia, Cuba, and Albania.
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 Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0
Table 3
China: Trade by Area
Percent of Total
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
Total
100
loo
100
loo
100
loo
Non-Communist Countries
79
78
80
80
77
78
Developed Countries
50
50
50
52
47
47
East Asia and Pacific
21
19
22
24
21
21
Western Europe
26
25
24
24
21
18
North America
3
5
4
4
5
8
Less Developed Countries
20
19
21
19
20
22
Southeast Asia
8
8
9
6
6
6
Near East and South Asia
7
7
8
7
6
6
Latin America
Negl.
Negi.
Negl.
Negl.
1
4
Africa
4
4
4
5
7
6
Hong Kong and Macao
8
8
9
9
10
9
Communist Countries
21
22
20
20
23
22
USSR
3
2
1
1
3
4
Far East
6
6
5
4
5
4
Eastern Europe
6
7
7
8
9
8
Other
6
6
7
6
6
5
Country
Total Trade
1972
(Million US $)
1972 Rank
1971 Rank
Japan
1,108
1
1
Hong Kong
513
2
2
Canada
344
3
4
West Germany
282
4
3
USSR
255
5
9
Romania
216
6
6
Malaysia/Singapore
205
7
7
United Kingdom
167
8
8
Italy
162
9
10
France
158
10
5
Table 5
China: Commodity Composition of Trade
Total Exports
100
100
100
100
100
100
Foodstuffs
26
28
30
31
31
31
Crude materials,
fuels, and edible
oils
23
21
22
21
20
20
Chemicals
4
4
4
5
5
5
Manufactures
44
44
40
42
44
43
Other
3
3
3
1
1
1
Total Imports
100
loo
100
100
loo
100
Foodstuffs
19
23
19
16
13
16
Crude materials,
fuels, and edible
oils
16
16
17
17
17
19
Chemicals
15
17
17
15
14
13
Manufactures
48
43
46
52
56
52
Other
1
1
1
Negl.
Negl.
1
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 Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0
Table 6
China: Commodity Composition of Exports I
Total
Commu-
nist
Non-
Commu-
nist
Total
Commu-
nist
Non-
Commu-
mist
Total
Commu-
nisi
Non
Commu-
nist
Total
Food
t
ff
2 ,050
481)
1,570
2,415
585
t,830
3,055
750
2,305
s
u
s
Of which:
645
90
555
740
140
600
950
200
750
Animals, meat, and fish
(.
i
215
20
195
275
35
240
335
45
290
ra
ns
B
it
d
110
30
80
95
30
65
150
75
75
ru
s an
vegetables
C
d
i
l
170
25
145
155
30
125
165
30
135
ru
e mater
a
s, fuels, and edible oils
Of which:
430
60
370
475
90
385
610
115
495
Oilseeds
T
fib
til
65
0
65
15
0
15
15
0
15
ex
e
ers
C
d
i
l
too
10
90
120
10
110
210
15
195
ru
e an
ma
materials
Ch
i
l
115
35
80
105
25
80
120
25
95
em
ca
s
M
f
105
25
80
130
30
100
155
45
110
anu
actures
Of which:
855
300
555
1 055
320
735
1 ,315
375
940
'T'extile yarn and fabric
Cl
hi
340
80
260
325
80
245
440
115
325
ot
ng
I
d
l
155
85
70
155
95
60
180
100
80
ron an
stee
N
f
40
25
15
65
25
40
60
25
35
on
errous metals
Oth
25
10
15
45
10
35
30
10
20
er
15
5
10
15
5
10
25
15
11)
Data are rounded to the nearest $5 million. Estimates are based on data reported by trading partners. Where data are incomplete, as for most less
developed countries and for many of the Communist countries, estimates are based on fragmentary information from trade agreements and press reports
and on commodity breakdowns available for earlier years.
Total
Communist
Non-
Communist
Total
Communist
Non-
Communist
Total
Communist
Non-
Communist
Total
F
d
ff
2,240
380
1,860
2,305
500
1,805
2,775
520
2,255
oo
stu
s
Of which:
355
70
285
290
70
220
450
30
420
Grains
Crude materials, fuels, and edible
280
0
280
205
0
205
345
0
345
oils
Of which:
370
90
280
385
75
310
520
80
140
Rubber
'T'
so
0
80
.55
0
55
65
0
65
extile fibers
Ch
i
110
0
110
140
0
140
195
0
195
em
cals
Of which:
330
10
320
325
20
305
355
25
330
Fertilizer
230
0
230
200
0
200
190
185
Manufactures
Of which:
1,175
210
965
I,295
325
970
1,435
375
1,060
Textile yarn and fabric
45
0
4.5
40
0
40
40
(I
40
Iron and steel
405
35
370
465
45
420
505
4i
460
Nonferrous metals
210
10
200
150
10
140
225
10
215
Machinery and equipment
395
140
255
505
230
275
525
265
260
Other
to
0
10
10
10
Negl.
15
10
5
I Data are rounded to the nearest $5 million. Estimates are based on data reported by trading partners. Where data are incomplete, as for most less devel-
oped countries and for many of the Communist countries, estimates are based on fragmentary information from trade agreements and press reports and on
commodity breakdowns available for earlier Years.
Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0
 Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0
Developed Countries
---------
----
Less
Western Europe
Hong
Devel-
Kong
oped
--
West
United
and
Coun-
Exports
Total
1,830
Total 2
8t0
Japan
322
Total3
410
Germany
89
Kingdom
69
France
67
Italy
56
Canada
28
Australia
42
Macao 4
445
tries I
575
Foodstuffs
600
190
89
92
40
15
20
15
5
2
275
135
Of which:
Animals, meat, and fish
240
75
37
34
22
8
15
7
Nogl.
1
161
5
Grains
65
10
9
2
Negl.
I
Negl.
0
Negl.
0
23
30
Fruits and vegetables
125
70
35
31
11
3
2
7
4
1
36
20
Crude materials, fuels, and edible
oils
Of which:
Oilseeds
13
5
1
4
0
2
2
0
Negi.
Negl.
3
5
Textile fibers
110
110
62
44
15
5
8
17
0
1
1
0
Crude animal materials
80
65
9
55
1
12
5
9
1
2
9
5
Chemicals
100
60
26
30
6
7
4
5
Negl.
3
15
25
Manufactures
735
225
49
117
14
24
25
6
21
31
130
380
Of which:
Textile yarn and fabric
24.5
85
19
42
5
9
6
2
6
20
38
120
Clothing
60
35
13
9
2
1
1
1
11
5
17
10
Iron and steel
40
5
0
Negl.
0
Negl.
Negl.
0
0
Negl.
8
25
Nonferrous metals
35
20
1
20
4
Negl.
7
0
Negl.
Negl.
9
5
Others
10
10
Negl.
10
Negl.
1
Nogl.
2
1
1
0
0
Imports
1,805
1,430
607
575
160
92
125
71
213
29
5
370
Foodstuffs
220
205
Negl.
1
0
1
Negl.
0
199
2
0
15
Of which:
Grain
Crude materials, fuels, and edible
oils
Of which:
Rubber
55
5
7
Negl.
0
Negl.
Negl.
0
Negl.
0
0
50
Textile fibers
140
25
8
11
1
10
Negl.
0
Negl.
6
0
115
Chemicals
305
305
173
129
32
5
7
26
Negl.
1
0
0
Of which:
Fertilizer
200
1907
1107
s
8
8
B
3
8
0
0
Manufactures
970
845
417
404
127
73
118
35
5
16
2
125
Of which:
Textile yarn and fabric
40
30
14
16
3
1
4
Negl.
1
Negl.
0
10
Iron and steel
420
420
282
129
72
10
11
17
Negl.
12
0
0
Nonferrous metals U
140
50
11
30
5
16
1
1
3
4
0
90
Machinery and equipment
275
275
94
182
33
23
92
17
Negl.
Negl.
0
0
Other I
Negl.
Ncgl.
Negl.
1
0
Negl.
Negl.
1
NegL
Nog].
0
0
Figures rounded to nearest $5 million for total developed countries, total Wostern Europe, and less developed countries, and to the nearest $1 million for individual countries.
Figures are adjusted to reflect Chinese imports c.i.f, and Chinese exports f.o.b.
2 Total of Japan, Western Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States.
s Sum of adjusted official figures for Austria, Belgium-Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom,
and West Germany.
4 Exports are official data for Ilang Kong plus estimates for Macao. Imports are estimates.
s Estimates based on very limited information. Complete commodity breakdowns are available for 1971 for only a small number of countries and partial breakdowns are available
for a few others. Estimates for the remainder are based on information for prior years and on information available on trade in particular commodities.
s Includes unreported trade.
7 Freight adjustment was made independently, based on information on actual shipping costs.
6 Complete information on fertilizer imports by country is not available.
4 Includes official country data plus an estimate of nonferrous metals, especially copper, that are sold to China through the London Metals Exchange but have not been
reported by the exporting country as sales to China.
Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0
 Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0
Western Europe
Hong
Less
Devel-
Total
Totals
Japan
Total 4
West
Germany
United
Kingdom
France
Italy
United
States
Canada
Australia
Kong
and
Macao
sped
Coun-
tries 6
Exports
2,305
1,065
468
460
92
77
90
74
32
48
55
525
715
Foodstuffs
750
255
117
125
43
13
20
14
4
6
2
300
195
Of which:
Animals, meat, and fish
290
90
43
45
2
6
17
11
1
Negl.
I
I80
20
Grains
75
10
9
Negl.
0
2
Negl.
I)
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
25
40
Fruits and vegetables
135
65
42
20
0
3
1
3
1
5
1
40
30
Crude materials, fuels, and edible oils
495
410
218
170
36
30
22
39
12
4
5
25
60
Of which:
Oilseeds
15
5
I
Negl.
0
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
0
Negl.
1
5
'T'extile fibers
195
190
127
55
3
10
11
22
5
Keg).
1
1
0
Crude animal materials
95
50
13
30
0
8
5
1
3
1
2
40
Chemicals
110
60
26
30
4
6
7
5
2
1
3
21
30
Manufactures
940
330
103
130
8
28
40
14
14
38
45
179
430
Of which:
Textile yarn and fabric
325
140
4.5
45
1
11
14
6
3
15
27
5U
135
Clothing
90
45
17
5
Negl.
1
2
0
1
16
8
25
10
Iron and steel
3.5
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
0
0
0
Negl.
12
25
Nonferrous metals
20
20
2
15
Negl.
Negl.
6
0
2
3
Negl.
II
0
Other 7
10
10
4
5
1
Negl.
1
2
Negl.
Negl.
Negl.
0
0
Imports
2,255
1670
640
600
190
90
68
88
79
296
50
580
Foodstuffs
420
340
Neg).
Negl.
Negl.
NegL
Negl.
0
75
262
5
0
80
Of which:
Grain
345
335
1 Negl.
0
0
0
0
0
75 s
261.6
0
0
10
Crude materials, fuels, and edible oils
440
120
23
55
7
8
2
4
2
12
25
0
320
Of which:
Rubber
65
10
6
Negl.
0
Negl.
2
0
0
0
0
0
55
'textile fibers
195
50
16
15
5
7
0
4
0
0
13
0
145
Chemicals
330
310
209
100
45
6
5
22
0
1
Neg
l.
0
20
Of which:
Fertilizer
183 s
165
110 s
9
9
9
9
9
0
_
0
0
20
Manufactures
1,060
895
406
445
138
75
59
61
2
21
20
5
160
Of which:
Textile yarn and fabric
40
40
32
10
0
4
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
Iron and steel
460
450
257
180
79
10
16
35
0
0
11
0
10
Nonferrous metals 10
215
75
10
35
1
13
.5
0
0
21
9
0
140
Machinery and equipment
260
250
79
170
51
31
32
16
2
Negl.
Negl.
0
10
Other Y
5
5
2
Negl.
Negl.
NegL
Negl.
1
0
0
Negl.
0
0
I Figures rounded to nearest $5 million for total developed countries, total Western Europe, and less developed countries, and to the nearest $1 million for individual countries.
Figures are adjusted to reflect Chinese imports c.i.f. and Chinese exports f.o.b.
_ Adjusted official figures except total Western Europe.
3 Total of Japan, Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
4 Sum of adjusted official figures for Austria, Belgium-Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom,
and West Germany.
Exports are official data for Hong Kong pine estimates for Macau. Imports are estimates.
Estimates based on very limited information. Complete commodity breakdowns are available for 1972 for only a small number of countries, and partial breakdowns are available
for a few others. Estimates for the remainder are based on information for prior years and on information available on trade in particular commodities.
Includes unreported trade.
s Freight adjustment was made independently, based on information on actual shipping costs.
9 Complete information on fertilizer imports by country is not available.
Ie Includes official country data plus an estimate of nonferrous metals, especially copper, that are sold to China through the London Metals Exchange but have not been reported
by the exporting country as sales to China.
14
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 Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0
Million Million Million Million
Year Tons US $ Tons' US $
1966 5.6
1967 4.1
1988 4.4
1969 3.9
1970 4.6
1971 3.0
1972 4.8
400
295
305
280
280
205
345
2.5
4.3
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.2
4.0
155
200
200
205
230
200
190
Japan
Value
(Million US $)
306
Contract
Signed
Comple-
Lion
Comment
Toyo Engineering
Ethylene and butadiene
50
Feb 73
1978
Japan EX-IM/Commercial bank financing
Mitsubishi
Ethylene and poval
34
Feb 73
N.A.
Japan EX-IM/Commercial bank financing
Asahi Chemical
Acrylonitrile monomer
30
Mar 73
N.A.
Japan EX-IM/Commercial bank financing
Kuraray
Vinyl acetate and poval
26
Mar 73
1976
Japan EX-IM/Commercial bank financing
Toyo Engineering and Mitsui Toatsu
Urea and ammonia
42
Apr 73
N. A.
Japan EX-IM/Commercial bank financing
Toray and Mitsui Shipbuilding
Polyester chips
50
May 73
1976
Japan EX-IM/Commercial bank financing
Sumitomo
Benzene, toluene, and xylene
5
May 73
N.A.
Cash deal
Mitsubishi
Polyethylene, low pressure
22
Jul 73
1975
Japan EX-IM/Commercial bank financing
Sumitomo
Polyethylene, high pressure
47
Aug 73
1976
Japan EX-IM/Commercial bank financing
France
400
Alsthom
Hydroelectric turbines (2)
10
Feb 73
N. A.
Speichem
Vinyl acetate and methanol
90
May 73
1976
Consortium involving firms in France, West
300
Sep 73
N. A.
Germany, and the United Kingdom.
French-led consortium probably involving
United States
75
other firms in Western Europe.
M.W. Kellog
75
Mar 73
1976
Probable feedstock plants for the Dutch
Netherlands
89
urea plants.
Kellogg Continental
Urea plants (3)
34
Feb 73
1976
Subsidiary of M.W. Kellog
Kellogg Continental
Urea plants (5)
55
Sep 73
1977
Subsidiary of M.W. Kellog
West Germany
4
Friedrich Uhde and Hoechst
4
Jul 73
N. A.
United Kingdom
8
Technicolor Ltd.
8
Jul 73
N. A.
Cash deal
Total Value
882
Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0
 Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0
Mailing Address
Erh Li Kou, Iasi Chino, Peking
"SINOCHEM"
Chemicals, rubber, petroleum, fertilizers, and pharma-
Peking
ceuticals.
China National Native Produce and Animal Byproducts
82, Tung An Men Street, Peking
"CIHINATUHSU"
Tea, coffee, tobacco, forest products, spices, furs, bristles,
Import and Export Corp.
Peking
feathers, casings, hides, and leathers.
China National Light Industrial Products Import and
82, Tung An Men Street, Peking
"INDUSTRY"
General merchandise, paper, toys, sporting goods, china,
Export Corp.
Peking
jewelry, and precious stones.
China National Textiles Import and Export Corp.
82, Tung An Men Street, Peking
"CHINATEX"
Textile yarn, fabrics, man-made and natural fibers, cloth-
Peking
ing, and knitwear.
China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Import and
82, Tung An Men Street, Peking
"CEROILFOOD"
Meat, grain, fruits, vegetables, fish, sugar, beverages, and
Export Corp.
Peking
animal feed.
China National Machinery Import and Export Corp.
Erh Li Kou, Hsi Chino, Peking
"MACIIIMPEX"
Machinery, transport equipment, bearings, instruments,
Peking
and spare parts.
China National Metals and Minerals Import and Export
Erh Li Kou, lIsi Chico, Peking
"MINMETALS"
Ferrous and nonferrous metals, ores, minerals, coal,
Corp.
Peking
cement, and hardware.
China National Technical Import Corporation
Ens Li Kou, Ilsi Chino, Poking
"TECIIIMPORT"
Complete plants and technology imports.
Peking
Approved For Release 2002/06/05 : CIA-RDP79-00928A000100040001-0