LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT FROM JAMES B. RHOADS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP76M00527R000700230055-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 76
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 20, 2001
• Sequence Number: 55
• Publication Date: April 29, 1974
• Content Type: LETTER

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INTERAGENCY CLASSIFICATION REVIEW COMMITTEE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20408
PROGRESS REPORT
Implementation of Executive Order 11652 on
Classification-and Declassification of
National Security Information and Material
APRIL 1974
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INTERAGENCY CLASSIFICATION REVIEW COMMITTEE
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20408
APR 2 9 1974
The President
The White House
Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mr. President:
Respectfully,
I am pleased to forward to you the enclosed Annual Progress
Report of.the Interagency Classification Review Committee.
Under the aegis of the Committee, significant progress has
been made by the Government in achieving the goals of Exec-
utive Order 11652 on the classification and declassification
of national security information and material. While this
is a continuing job, the Committee is pleased with the
progress and pledges its continued vigorous pursuit of full
implementation of this new and progressive program.
Acting Chairman
AMES B. RHOADS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
II. Interagency Classification Review Committee
III. ICRC Membership Roster
IV. Quarterly Reporting System
V. Statistical Review
VI. Declassification Projects
VII. Orientation and Training Programs
VIII. Data Index System
IX. ICRC Appeals
X. Highlight Summary
Appendices:
A. Executive Order 11652
B. Executive Order 11714
C. National Security Council. Directive of May 17, 1972
D. ICRC Standard Quarterly Report Forms
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1. INTRODUCTION'
In Janpary 1971, President Nixon directed that a review be made of
the security classification procedures under Executive Order 10501. A
committee was set up under then Assistant Attorney General William
Rehnquist to study the existing classification system and to make recom-
mendations with respect to its operation and to propose steps that might
be taken to provide speedier declassification. Based upon that review
and other studies, a new and progressive Executive order on the classi-
fication and declassification of national security information and material
was issued by the President on March 8, 1972. The Order, known as Executive
Order 11652, became effective on June 1, 1972. This reform was the first
major overhaul of the Government's classification system in 20 years.
The President directed the establishment of the Interagency Classi-
fication Review Committee (ICRC) to assist the National Security Council
in monitoring implementation of the new order. The ICRC was given the
responsibility of placing particular emphasis on overseeing compliance
with and implementation of the Order and the programs established. there-
under by each Executive branch department. The ICRC is the first White
House level committee with overall responsibility for the Government's
security classification program. On the same day the President signed
the Executive order, he issued a statement in which he said: "The full
force of my office has been committed to this endeavor." This kind of
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support along with the cooperation of individual departments within the
Government has provided the ICRC with a firm basis for optimism. There
is still much work to be done, however, and the ICRC intends to continue
vigorously pursuing its oversight responsibilities.
The legitimate need of protecting information and material which
bears directly on the effectiveness of our national defense and the
conduct of our foreign relations must be continually balanced with the
concept of an informed citizenry in a free society. The ICRC steadfastly
strives to keep these two fundamental goals of the Executive order in
constant balance in exercising its responsibilities. Under the aegis of
the ICRC, significant progress has been made by all reporting departments
in achieving these goals. The purpose of this. report is to describe and
evaluate that progress.
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II. INTERAGENCY CLASSIFICATION REVIEW COMMITTEE
The President directed the National Security Council to monitor the
implementation of Executive Order 11652 on Classification and Declassifi-
cation of National Security Information and Material. To assist the
National Security Council, the President directed the establishment of
an Interagency Classification Review Committee with the following respon-
sibilities:
"This Committee shall meet regularly and on a continuing basis
shall review and take action to ensure compliance with this order, and
in particular:
(1) The Committee shall oversee Department actions to
ensure compliance with the provisions of this order and
implementing directives issued by the President through the
National Security Council.
(2) The Committee shall, subject to procedures to be
established by it, receive, consider and take action on
suggestions and complaints from persons within or without
the government with respect to the administration of this
order, and in consultation with the affected Department or
Departments assure that appropriate action is taken on such
suggestions and complaints.
(3) Upon request of the Committee Chairman, any
Department shall furnish to the Committee any particular
information or material needed by the Committee in carrying
out its functions."
The Interagency Classification Review Committee (ICRC) was subsequently
formally established by a National Security Council Directive dated May 17,
1972, with the following specific functions:
"The Interagency Committee shall...take such actions as are deemed
necessary to insure uniform compliance with the Order and this Directive."
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The Interagency Committee shall carry out the duties assigned it
by Section 7(A) of the Order. It shall place particular emphasis on
overseeing compliance with and implementation of the Order and programs
established thereunder by each Department. It shall seek to develop
means to (a) prevent overciassification, (b) ensure prompt declassifi-
cation in accord with the provisions of the Order, (c) facilitate access
to declassified material and (d) eliminate unauthorized disclosure of
classified information."
"Under such procedures as the Interagency Committee may prescribe,
it shall consider and take action on complaints from persons within
or without the government with respect to the general administration of
the Order including appeals from denials by Departmental Committees or
the Archivist of declassification requests."
The ICRC also has the responsibility of reviewing and approving all
departmental regulations which implement the Executive order and directives
issued thereunder. Upon approval, those parts of such regulations which
affect the general public are published in the Federal Register. Regula-
tions have now been adopted by all reporting departments.
ICRC membership consists of the Archivist of the United States and
senior representatives of the Departments of State, Defense, and Justice,
the Atomic Energy Commission, the Central Intelligence Agency and the
National Security Council Staff. The Acting Chairman is the Archivist of
the United States, Dr. James B. Rhoads, who was appointed to this position
by the President on April 24, 1973. An Executive Director is appointed
by the Chairman. The present Executive Director is William L. Brown who
was formerly an attorney in the Office of the General Counsel of the U.S.
Atomic Energy Commission. The names of the present members are listed in
Part III. Executive Order 11652 and Executive Order 11714 which amends
Executive Order 11652 are set forth in Appendices A and B respectively.
The NSC Directive of May 17, 1972, is set forth in Appendix C.
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III. ICRC MEMBERSHIP ROSTER
Acting Chairman: Dr. James B. Rhoads
Archivist of the United States
Members: David 0. Cooke
Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense
Executive Director:
Robert G. Dixon, Jr.
Assistant Attorney General
Charles L. Mars hall
Director, Division of Classification
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Carlyle Maw
Legal Adviser
Department of State
Maj. Gen. Brent Scowcroft
Deputy Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs
John S. Warner
General Counsel
Central Intelligence Agency
William L. Brown
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IV. QUARTERLY REPORTING SYSTEM
In September 1972 the Chairman requested the assistance of the
National Archives and Records Service in preparing a series of management
report forms (see Appendix D) which could be used by governmental depart-
ments in preparing the quarterly reports required by Section X.C. of the
National Security Council Directive of May 17, 1972. Suitable report
forms were quickly developed by NARS and established as permanent require-
ments by the ICRC on February 27, 1973. This quarterly reporting system
is the primary means by which the ICRC evaluates departmental compliance
with and implementation of Executive Order 11652 and the programs established
thereunder. The reports are submitted by approximately 37 departments
within the Executive Branch.
The reports are described as follows:
1. Report of Authorized Classifiers. A list of authorized classifiers
by name and title or by title and organization, and totals. for each classi-
fication category.
2. Report of Classification Abuses. A report of instances of under
or overclassification, unnecessary classification, improper marking or im-
proper exemption from the General Declassification Schedule or other
occasions of classification abuse discovered as a result of appropriate
departmental inspection programs.
3. Report of Unauthorized Disclosures. A report of important instances
of communication or physical transfer of classified information to unauthorized
persons.
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4. Report of Mandatory Declassification Review Requests. A log-type
report of declassification requests made pursuant to Section 5 of the Order
reflecting the requester, date of request, subject matter, date and nature
of departmental action, costs and other information associated with these
requests.
5. Quarterly Summary Report. This is a statistical summary of
documents classified by a department during a quarterly reporting period..
Departments are also given an opportunity to elaborate on accomplishments
in achieving the objectives of Executive Order 11652.
The reports are used by the ICRC in measuring how well a particular
department is doing in implementing the new classification program. They
are analyzed each quarter. When deficiencies and other areas requiring
improvement are noted, the matter is brought to the attention of the
responsible department along with a request that the matter be immediately
rectified. To the extent possible, the ICRC assists the department in
solving the various problems as they develop. At times, this can be a
time consuming process since several departments have not as yet fully
implemented every aspect of the reporting requirements due primarily to the
large volume of material generated together with a lack of manpower and
adequate resources. However, steady and significant progress has been made
and, indeed, the overwhelming majority of departments have fully implemented
the requirements. The quarterly reporting system has generally proven to be
a valuable tool for the ICRC in carrying out its oversight responsibilities.
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In order to determine the reliability of the statistical information
being received through the reporting system, the ICRC has recently required
reports from each reporting department which describe how various kinds of
statistics are developed. For example, since the ICRC allows departments
to obtain statistics for their quarterly summary reports by an actual count
or a sampling system, the ICRC recently required each department using the
sampling method to furnish the Committee with a copy of the departmental
sampling system so that the ICRC could review it and determine if the
system was scientific enough to allow extrapolation of a reliable estimate
of what. an actual count would be. The same type of request was made for
copies of departmental inspection programs which are used to find classi-
fication abuses. Where it is determined that a department has an unreli-
able sampling or inspection program, the department is required to revise
its program to meet acceptable standards.
Part V gives a statistical review of the progress which has been made
in implementing the program.
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V. STATISTICAL REVIEW
The purpose of this part of the report is to give a statistical review
of the progress being made in achieving the goals of the Executive order in
the following four areas: the number of authorized classifiers, classifica-
tion abuses and unauthorized disclosures, mandatory review requests, and the
number of classification.actions.
A. There has been'a substantial reduction in the number of persons
authorized to classify national security information. The total number of
authorized classifiers within all departments has been reduced by 71% since
Executive Order 11652 went into effect., and this reduction is continuing.
This measurable progress can be seen in the following chart which gives.the
actual number of authorized classifiers on an agency-to-agency basis as well
as the percentage of reduction.
Percentages of some of the major reductions achieved since the Executive
order went into effect are as follows: Agency for International Development
and Overseas Private Investment Corporation - 70%, Arms Control and Disarma-
ment Agency - 60%, Civil Service Commission - 79%, Department of Commerce -
99%, Department of Defense - 76%, General Services Administration - 96%,
United States Information Agency - 50%, Department of Justice - 54%, National
Aeronautics and Space Administration - 61%, Executive Office of the President -
81%, Department of State - 64%, Department of Transportation - 86%, and the
Department of the Treasury - 75%.
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The ICRC firmly believes that a reduction in the number of authorized
classifiers contributes to a reduction in the number of documents unnecessarily
classified.
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NUMBER OF AUTHORIZED CLASSIFIERS
AND REDUCTION PERCENTAGE
Confidential
Confidential only
iotai
Under old E.O.
249
636
565
1450
AID As of 12/72
14
217
322
553
& As of 12/73
13
176
244
433 _
OPIC % red. since old E.O.
95%
72%
57%
70%
% red. since 12/72
7%
19%
24%
22%
Under old E.O.
1
0
0
1
As of 12/72
1
0
0
1
AGRIC
As of 12/73
1
0
0
1
% red. since old E.O.
0
0
0
0
% red. since 12/72
0
0
0
0
Under old E.O.
18
139
0
157 _
As of 12/72
6
33
52
91
AC&DA
As of 12/73
7
35
21
63
% red. since old E.O.
61%
75%
+ 1.00%
60%
% red. since 12/72
+
+ 6%
60%
31%
Under old E.O.
54
6500
0
6554 _
As of 12/72
25
3626
993
4644
AEC As of 12/73
24
3541
996
4561 ~
% red. since old E.O.
56%
46%
--100%
30%
% red. since 12/72
4%
2%
+ .01%
2%
*Totals include Contractor and Subcontractor employees.
Top Secret
(Secret and
Secret Confidential
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Under old E.O.
4
0
0
4
As of 12/72
0
4
0
4
Canal
Zone As of 12/73
0
4
0
4
% red. since old E.O.
100%
+ 100%
0
0-
% red. since 12/72
0
0
0
0
Under old E.O.
0
0
3500
As of 12/72
651
2410
333
3394
CIA
As of 12/73
537
1349
62
1948
% red. since old E.O.
85%
+ 100%
+ 100%
44%
% red. since 12/72
18%
44%
81%
43%
Under old E.O.
1
0
0
1
As of 12/72
0
1
0
1
CAB
As of 12/73
0
2
0
2
% red. since old E.O.
100%
+ 100%
0
+ 0?
% red. since 12/72
0
+ 50%
0
+ 50%
Under old E.O.
5
7
17
29
As of 12/72
0
5
11
16
CSC
As of 12/73
0
5
1
6
% red. since old E.O.
100%
29%
94%
79%
% red. since 12/72
0
0
91%.
62%
Under old E.O.
745
7000 *
0
7745
As of 12/72
0
32
45
77
Commerce
As of 12/73
0
32
49
81
% red. since old E.O.
1000
+ 100%
99%
re
+
+ 5%
Top Secret
(Secret and Secret
Confidential (Confidential
Estimated count by Commerce
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a
on
en
Secret
(Sf'decret and l ) (C f d t 1) ( l) Total
Con ~ entia on i en is on y
Under old E.O.
835
6,523
23,184
30,542
As of 12/72
576
3,647
4,750
8,973
DOD
As of 12/73
589
3,073
3,570
7,232
% red. since old E.O.
29%
53%
85%
76%
% red. since 12/72
+ 2%
16%
25%
19%
Under old E.O.
2
15
2
19
As of 12/72
0
7
12
19
Export
Import As of 12/73
0
7
6
13
Bank
% red. since old E.O.
100%
53%
+
32%
% red. since 12/72
0
50%
32%
Under old E.O.
0
4
0
4
As of 12/72
0
3
0
3
FCC
As of 12/73
0
2
1
3
% red. since old E.O.
0
50%
+ 100%
25%
% red. since 12/72
0
33%
+ 100%
0
Under old E.O.
1
0
0
1
As of 12/72
0
1
0
1
FMC As of 12/73
0
1
0
1
% red. since old E.O.
100%
+ 100%
0
0
% red. since 12/72
0
0
0
0
Under old E.O.
1
0
0
1
As of 12/72
0
3
0
3 _
FPC
As of 12/73
0
3
0
3
% red. since old E.O.
100%
+ 100%
0
+ 66%
% red. since 12/72
0
0
0
0
Top Secret
ti
fid
l
C
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Confidential)
(Confidential) (oni Total
Under old E.O.
12
283
571
866
As of 12/72
0
20
7
27
GSA
As of 12/73
5
18
8
31*
% red. since old E.O.
58%
94%
99%
96%
% red. since 12/72
+ 100%
110%
+ 12%
+ 13%
Under old E.O.
1
0
0
1
As of 12/72
0
1
0
1
HEW
As of 12/73
0
1
0
1
% red. since old E.O.
100%
+ 100%
0
0
% red. since 12/72
0
0
0
0
Under old E.O.
211
271
296
778
As of 12/72
0
134
372
506
USIA
As-of 12/73
0
131
256
387
% red. since old E.O.
100%
52%
14%
50%
% red. since 12/72
0
2%
31%
24%
Under old E.O.
1
0
0
1
As of 12/72
1
0
0
1
ICC
As of 12173
1
0
0
1
% red. since old E.O.
0
0
0
0
% red. since 12/72
0
0
0
0
Under old E.O.
397
185
0
582
As of 12/72
141
150
0
291
Justice
As of 12/73
123
142
0
265
Now, % red. since old E.O.
69%
23%
0
54%
% red. since 12/72
13%
5%
0
9%
E
O~~ :CIA-
'n?
r
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Increase in cl
sa
Top Secret
(Secret and Secret Confidential
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Top Secret
(Secret and Secret Confidential
Confidential) Confidential (only) Total
Under old E.O.
14
0
0
14
As of 12/72
4
9
0
13
Labor
As of 12/73
4
8
0
12
% red. since old E.O.
71%
100%.
0
14%
% red. since 12/72
0
11%
0
8%
Under old E.O.
5
52
52
109
As of 12/72
4
40
0
44
NASA
As of 12 73
4
34
4
42
% red. since old E.O.
20%
35%
92%
61%
% red. since 12/72
0
15%
+ 100%
5%
Under old E.O.
1
0
0
1
As of 12/72
0
1
0
1
NSF
As of 12 73
0
1
0
1
% red. since old E.O.
100%
+ 100%
0
0
% red. since 12/72
0
0
0
0
Under old E.O.
189
158
126
473
Executive As of 12/72
41
40
19
100
Office of
President As of 12/73
41
36
13
90
% red. since old E.O.
78%
77%
90%
81%
% red-4 since 12/72
0
10%
32%
10%
Under old E.O.
800
950
3,685
5,435
As of 12/72
228
955
1,003
2,186
State
As of 12/73
177
880
902
1,959 f
% red. since old E.O.
78%
7%
76%
64% T
% red. since 12/72
22%
8%
10%
10%
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 Under old. E.O.
72
277
0
349
'As-of 12/72
0
48
0
48
DOT As of 12/73
0
48
0
48
% red. since old E.O.
100%
83%
0
86%
% red. since 12/72
0
0
0
0
Under old E.O.
17
236
446
699
As of 12/72
15
27
237
279
Treasury
As of 12/73
15
12
149-
176
% red. since old E.O.
12%
95%
66%
75%
% red. since 12/72
0
56%
37%
37%
Under old E.O.
7,136
23,236
28,944
59,316
Niiw
As of 12/72
1,707
11,414
8,156
21,277
Totals
As of 12 73
1,541
9,541
6,282
17,364
% red. since old E.O.
78%
59%
,
78%
71%
% red. since 12L72
10%
16%
23%--7 T
18%
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Top Secret
(Secret and
Confidential)
Secret
Confidential
Confidential
(only)
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B. The quarterly reporting of classification abuses reflects certain
trends with respect to the types of classification abuses committed. Abuses
are committed primarily in the following areas: (1) improper classification,
(2) failure to properly mark a document with the required stamps as to the
assigned classification and as to the assigned declassification schedule or
exemption therefrom, and (3) the unauthorized use of classification autho-
rity.
Departments are required to take action to correct classification
abuses when they become known by notifying the responsible employees that
their actions are in violation of Executive Order 11652 and the implementing
NSC Directive. Repeated abuses are grounds for an administrative reprimand.
One very effective way to lower the number of classification abuses is
through the use of frequent and well-planned orientation and training pro-
grams. The ICRC has initiated such programs and has encouraged other agencies
to do the same. Part VII of this report contains a brief sampling describ-
ing some of the programs. Such programs have been effectively used by a
number of the reporting departments.
There has been a very limited number of unauthorized disclosures of
classified information during calendar year 1973. None involved Top Secret
information. The disclosures consisted exclusively of leaks to the press.
While the ICRC considers any unauthorized disclosure of classified infor-
mation an exceedingly serious matter, it finds, due to the small number
of such disclosures, firm grounds for confidence that one of the goals of
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the Executive order is being achieved, i.e., the protection of information
or material which bears directly on the effectiveness of our national
defense and the conduct of our foreign relations.
C. Any member of the public or any governmental department may make
a mandatory declassification review request of classified information or
material over 10 years old provided that the information or material is
described with sufficient particularity to allow the requested agency
to identify and find it and provided that the request is not unduly burden-
some. This right of mandatory review is a major progressive step forward
in meeting one of the goals of Executive Order 11652 which is to make
information regarding the affairs of Government readily available to the
public.
In order to make this new and important right better known to the public,
the ICRC has published a pamphlet-entitled Know Your Rights to Mandatory
Review of Classified Documents. Numerous copies of the pamphlet have been
furnished to all agencies dealing with classified information. The pamphlet
is an informative reply to a request to an agency for information on manda-
tory review rights. The ICRC has suggested that when a Freedom of Information
Act request is turned down by an agency because the requested document is
classified, an insert such as this ICRC pamphlet in any turndown response
would be an ideal way to meaningfully comply with the spirit of the Executive
order and implementing NSC Directive.
The chart on the following page gives a statistical year end review on
an agency-by-agency basis of the status of all the mandatory declassification
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19
review requests received during Calendar Year 1973. As of December 31,
1973, 63% of all such requests were either granted in full or in part,
13% were denied, and the remaining 24% were still pending final deter-
mination. The percentages of just those requests on which final deter-
minations have been made show that 83% were either granted in full or
in part and only 17% were denied.
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MANDATORY REVIEW DECLASSIFICATION REQUESTS - 1973
Total Requests
Granted in full
Granted in part
Denied
Year End
Pending
Agriculture
3
3
0
0
0
AC&DA
2
2
0
0
0
AEC
3
0
3
0
0
CIA
110
50
19
18
23
Commerce
3
3
0
0
0
"OD
346
198
52
45
51
NOV
HEW
1
1
0
0
0
USIA
4
4
0
0
0
Justice
9
2
2
2
3
NSC
43
13
1
6
23
Other Offices
Within Exec.
Office of the
Pres.
4
0
1
0
3
State
85
27
6
8
44
Treasury
8
3
1
1
3
1973 Totals
621
306
85
80
150
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D. The ICRC believes that a reduction in the number of documents
classified is one indication of agency good faith in complying with Execu-
tive Order 11652. Consequently, the ICRC encourages such reductions in
the firm belief that a tighter classification system consistent with the
requirements of the Executive order is a better system and one more in the
interest of the national security as well as in the interest of an informed
citizenry. This tighter system is mandated by the Order's limited defi-
nition of each of the three classification categories of Top Secret,
Secret, and Confidential and by the probition against classification for
purposes other than national security purposes. The Order specifically
states that in no case shall information be classified in order to conceal
inefficiency or administrative errors, to prevent embarrassment to a person
or Department, to restrain competition or independent initiative, or to
prevent for any other reason the release of information which does not
require protection in the interest of national security.
The second quarter of calendar year 1973 was the first quarter for which
the ICRC has complete figures on the number of documents classified by most
departments. These figures are shown in the following chart. The figures
are either obtained by actual count or they are extrapolations of an actual
count based on a sampling system. While it is too early to see if a defi-
nite downward trend has been established, the Committee has been informed
by several agencies that they estimate that there have been marked reductions
in the number of documents classified this past year. The AEC, for example,
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shows an 83% reduction in the number of documents classified Top Secret in
1973. The USIA estimates that 30% fewer documents were classified in 1973
than in 1972.
It should be noted that both the Departments of Defense and State have
not as yet fully met all the reporting requirements with respect to the
compilation of statistics on the number and categorization of classification
actions. The Department of State has assured the ICRC that it is giving
priority attention to strengthening the program. While the DOD has some
reservations about the cost versus the effectiveness of certain aspects
of the reporting system as a management tool for measuring progress,it has
submitted to the ICRC certain meaningful data which is responsive in part
to the reporting requirements and it has expressed its full support for
the goals of the Executive order.
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NUMBER OF CLASSIFICATION ACTIONS REPORTED TO THE ICRC
April 1, 1973 - Dec. 31, 1973
Top Secret
Secret
Confidential
AID
0
98
983
AC&DA
50
760
337
AEC
24
52,440
82 , 909
.
Canal Zone
0
20
167
CIA
16,330
1,560,450
621,900
Commerce
0
18
259
Export-Import Bank
0
1
15
FCC
0
6
52
FPC
0
0
1
GSA
12
73
47
HEW
0
7
11
USIA
0
106
1,299
Justice
72
3,335
7,601
Labor
0
2
10
NASA
0
173
539
NSC
21
149
73
Other Offices within
Exec. Of. of the Pres.
26
29
68
OPIC
0 1
4
22
DOT
0
105
87
Treasury
0
22
V 660
Totals
16,535
.1,617,798
717,040
DOD
11,775
418,275
1,254,975
State
*2
71,925. .1
1 41,996
*1 Totals are of classified messages electrically transmitted between June 1, 1973,
and November 30, 1973.
*2 No Top Secret figures available; other figures limited to count of all telegrams
and airgrams.
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VI. DECLASSIFICATION
One of the goals of Executive Order 11652 is to ensure that classified
information and material is protected, but only to the extent and for such
period as is necessary. Section 5 of the Order sets forth the rules
covering the declassification and downgrading of information and material
no longer required to be classified in the interest of national security;
i.e., in the interest of the national defense or foreign relations of the
United States.
Since Executive Order 11652 became effective on June 1, 1972, there
have been millions of pages of documents and records declassified within
the Government. All such declassified information may be released if a
determination is not otherwise made that it should be exempt from release
pursuant to the exemption provisions of the Freedom of Information Act.
Declassification is carried out in several different ways:
A. The Order established procedures whereby any department of the
Government or member of the public has the right to make a mandatory
declassification review request of classified information or material
over 10 years old provided the information or material is described
with sufficient particularity to allow the requested agency to identify
and find it and provided that the request is not unduly burdensome. This
right is a new and innovative milestone in making the affairs of Govern-
ment readily available to the public. Many historians and other scholars
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25
have taken advantage of these progressive provisions. The chart on page
20 of this report gives a detailed review of the requests made during
Calendar Year 1973.
B. In keeping with the spirit of the Executive order, several depart-
ments have initiated large-scale classification review programs. A summary
of the accomplishments of some of those programs follows.
NARS Declassification Program
In October 1972, the Records Declassification Division was established
in GSA's National Archives and Records Service to conduct the systematic
review of?30-year-old classified information and material required by
Section 5(E) of Executive Order 11652. The program proposes to review by
1975 all permanently valuable records of the Government which were created
during World War II and earlier periods. The results thus far can be
summarized as follows:
Surveyed to identify files for bulk declassification: 162,000,000 pages
Declassified following bulk survey: 22,700,000 pages
Declassification following page-by-page review: 27,300,000 pages
Declassification review by the staffs of the Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower,
and Kennedy Presidential Libraries has also continued. Approximately 80% of
the documents reviewed and reported through December 1973 date from the
World War II and earlier period. The other 20% represent post-1945 material
subjected to mandatory review requests or declassified in accordance with
agency developed guidelines.
Reviewed on a page-by-page basis:
835,000 pages
Declassified:
300,000 pages
Total NARS pages declassified:
50,300,000
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Programs of Assistance to NARS
In addition to the work being done by the National Archives staff, the
following agencies have continued programs initiated in 1972 to assist the
Archivist in the systematic declassification review effort.
The Army has completed the survey of all Army originated file series
of the World War II period and initiated a program of similar work on its
records dated prior to 1955 which are in the National Archives. Several
hundred reserve officers have reviewed particularly sensitive files as
their two-week active duty training assignment. In addition, about a dozen
reserve officers have been assigned on 89-189-day active duty tours to deal
with special problem areas. Four Army civilian employees and a clerk coor-
dinate the Army's program and conduct the necessary final reviews for the
Department.
The Navy has permanently assigned five officers and three clerks to
conduct reviews and coordinate their'program for declassification of World
War II records. About 200 reserve officers and enlisted men on two-week
active duty tours have completed page-by-page reviews of about 60% of the
Navy records of the pre-1946 period in the custody of the National Archives.
At the same time the Navy has assigned some of these reserve personnel to
survey and review the large quantity of World War II records on deposit in
Federal Records Centers and in the Navy's Classified Records Center.
Two civilian historians are employed by the Air Force to review pre-
1946 classified records of Air Force interest. Approximately 80% of the
World War II Army Air Corps and related records have been reviewed.
The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff continues to assist the Nation-
al Archives by assigning one officer and one civilian to review Joint Chiefs
of Staff (JCS) and Combined Chiefs of Staff records of the World War II
period. A third person is coordinating the program and at the same time
directing the ongoing review of JCS records more than 20 years old.
Three Central Intelligence Agency annuitants were placed under contract
and detailed to the Records Declassification Division in the National Archives
to conduct the necessary review of the records originated by the Office of
Strategic Services (OSS). Working part-time (three days a week) they have
examined about 900 cubic feet of the records of the OSS Research and Anal-
ysis Branch and declassified over 90% of that agency's security classified
documents contained therein. However, further review of the records for
information other than OSS originated information is still required by other
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intelligence specialists. In an effort to make the OSS file more usable,
the OSS reviewers have also screened 50,000, index cards and released 99.5%
of them.
Several of the Presidential Libraries have submitted 30-year-old
records originated by the Coordinator of Information (COI) or OSS for
review by the CIA. Of the 210 documents forwarded by the Franklin D.
Roosevelt Library, 179 were declassified and 20 downgraded. Out of 127
documents submitted by the Harry S. Truman Library, 113 have been declas-
sified and 3 have been downgraded. The remaining documents from both
libraries either retained their classification or will be declassified
pending clearance from other agencies.
AEC Declassification Program
During 1973 the Atomic Energy Commission conducted comprehensive
declassification reviews at the following field sites: Los Alamos (N. Mex.)
Scientific Laboratory, Richland (Wash) Operations Office, Atomics Inter-
national Division of Rockwell International, Canoga Park, Cal., Chicago
Operations Office, Savannah River (S. Car.) Operations Office, Lawrence
Livermore (Cal.) Laboratory, and Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge,
Tenn. In addition to this comprehensive review in the field, the review
of classified documents from the Records Center, AEC Headquarters, German-
town, Md., is being performed on a continuing basis. The results of the
declassification reviews conducted at these various sites are summarized
below:
Site
Reviewed
Declassified
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
388,092
234,215
Richland Operations Office
162,621
53,077
Atomics International
9,190
8,643
Chicago Operations Office
54,060
46,820
Savannah River Operations Office
75,357
20,403
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory
23,790
23,423
Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge
6,333
5,992
AEC Headquarters
83,544
37,879
Total Documents
802,987
431,352
Since the start of AEC's comprehensive classification review in July
1971 approximately 1.2 million documents have been declassified of the
2.2 million documents reviewed which would cover millions of pages.
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CIA Declassification Program
In addition to the assistance furnished NARS, the Classification
Programs Branch, a new Agency component established for the express
purpose of facilitating CIA implementation of Executive Order 11652,
initiated the declassification review of OSS motion picture films in
Agency custody. Working in collaboration with area and technical experts
from other Agency units, the Branch completed the review of 47 films by
the end of 1973. Out of those 47 films, 46 have been declassified.
DOD Declassification Program
During the first quarter of CY 1973 a program was conducted through-
out the DOD to reduce Top Secret document holdings in all components and
activities. Results show that the DOD achieved a 25% reduction in its Top
Secret inventory. This represented a reduction of 180,469 Top Secret docu-
ments through downgrading, declassification, destruction and transfer to
Federal Records Centers. Aside from the public release factor, this reduc-
tion brought-about an avoidance of costs involved in the requirement for
physically sighting these documents on an annual or semiannual basis and
better utilization of available manpower and resources in safeguarding that
which remains in inventory. Additionally, the risk of possible compromise
of the information contained in these documents is reduced.
During the period August 1972 through March 1973, the DOD initiated a
project to review for downgrading and declassification over 7,000 separate
items of standardized electronic equipment. The reported results show that
of the 7,338 classified items reviewed, 2,350 were declassified. The declas-
sification of these major items of equipment, in turn, resulted in the declas-
sification of a great number of complete sets, component parts, spare parts
and technical orders. For example, the declassification of only four (4)
major items resulted in the declassification of 1,810 complete sets, 17,825
component parts, 534 spare parts, and 46,000 copies of associated technical
orders.
The Department of Defense has taken actions designed to limit exemptions
from the General Declassification Schedule; to cause a complete review of all
security classification guidance promulgated by or under the auspices of DOD
components; and, to develop guidelines for the blanket declassification or
downgrading of DOD records which are 20 years old and under the exclusive or
final original classification authority of the Department. With respect to
the program for the review of security classification guidance, the first
Quarterly Report on this action reflects that of the more than 3500 security
classification guides already reviewed, 23% have been revised to cause down-
grading and declassification. In addition, 10% were revised to cause fewer
exemptions from the General Declassification Schedule.
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The DOD is also participating with the AEC in the declassification of
Top Secret material held in the files of the AEC. For example, between the
period January 1, '1974 and March 26, 1974 the DOD has processed 458 separate
requests from the AEC to review Top Secret documents held by that Agency
which contain both National Security Information and Restricted Data or
Formerly Restricted Data information for possible downgrading and declassi-
fication.
The Department of Defense has taken the initiative to introduce into
NATO an automatic downgrading and declassification system. A NATO Working
Group was established by the NATO Security Committee to study the Defense
proposal for such a system. That Working Group, comprisedof representatives
of seven countries, unanimously approved a proposal for submission to the
full NATO Security Committee for the establishment in NATO of an automatic
downgrading and declassification system which is comparable to the United
States system. That proposal is currently. being coordinated with the NATO
member nations.
NASA Declassification Program
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration declassified approxi-
mately 2,273 original technical documents during 1973 which would involve
thousands of original pages. Action has been taken to list documents in
the NASA Classification Change Notices publication (CCN) which is furnished
to all NASA organizations with classified documents holdings, other govern-
ment agencies, and contractors having NASA classified documents in their
possession. This publication does not include documents regraded as a
result of the automatic, time-phased downgrading and declassification system.
State Declassification Program
In 1973 the Department of State published five volumes (totalling 5,187
printed pages of text) in the series "Foreign Relations of the United States."
This continuing publication project accomplished the declassification of
approximately 8,000 of the highest-level documents on American foreign policy
in 1947 and 1948, not counting the documents that the Department obtained
from the National Security Council, the Atomic Energy Commission, and the
Department of Defense, Treasury, and Commerce.
In addition, through its bulk declassification program, the Department
declassified and made available for research at the National Archives an
estimated 890,000 documents dated 1947.
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C. The Order accelerated automatic declassification of old classified
documents marked with what is known as "Group 4 markings" and it provided
for automatic declassification of all information classified after the
effective date of the Order on an advanced or general declassification
schedule not to exceed 10 years. Only certain limited kinds of information
may be exempt from automatic declassification and the Order stresses that
use of the exemption authority shall be kept to the absolute minimum
consistent with national security requirements.
D. The Order also provided that all information and material classified
before the effective date of the Order and more than 30 years old shall be
systematically reviewed for declassification by the Archivist of the United
States. Only such information as is specifically identified by a head of a
department as requiring continued protection may remain classified beyond
the 30-year limitation.
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VII. ORIENTATION AND TRAINING
Executive Order 11652 requires the head of each Department originating
or handling classified information or material to establish and maintain
active training and orientation programs for employees concerned with
classified information or material.
The ICRC has taken a leading role in orientation and training. It
has published one pamphlet entitled Know Your Rights to Mandatory Review
of Classified Documents which sets forth the procedures which must be
followed in making a mandatory declassification review request to a
Governmental department. These pamphlets will be primarily used by
those departments responding to people requesting information about
their rights of mandatory review. The ICRC has also authorized publi-
cation of a pamphlet entitled The Responsibilities of An Authorized
Classifier. These pamphlets will be distributed to authorized classifiers
within the Government as a supplement to existing agency training programs.
In addition, the ICRC has scheduled a comprehensive symposium on April 30,
1974 which will cover the Executive order, its implementing directives,
and the responsibilities of authorized classifiers. The program agenda
will consist exclusively of top speakers with extensive background and
experience in their particular areas of expertise in the classification
and declassification field.
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A brief sampling of the orientation and training programs established
by some of the departments is set forth below.
AEC Orientation and Training
The Atomic Energy Commission considers it essential that all AEC and AEC
contractor employees understand their responsibilities for protecting clas-
sified information. In furtherance of this end, at the time of employment
each new employee, whether located in Headquarters or a field office, is
given a classification orientation by a classification representative. As
part of that orientation, a 15-minute film entitled "The Classification
Picture" is shown and a pamphlet Understanding Classification is given each
new employee.
To better train AEC and contractor personnel in the fundamentalsand the
application of the Commission's classification policy, employees are period-
ically briefed by a classification officer from either Headquarters or one
of the field offices. In addition, the Division of Classification, Head-
quarters, has issued a booklet Guidebook for the Authorized Classifier,
which is a useful supplement to the classification guides normally available
to each authorized classifier.
The AEC has also produced several films of up to 30-minutes' duration
which have proven quite useful as a means of demonstrating how classification
awareness must be exercised by everyone in order for its security program to
operate effectively. These films are not only educational in general, but
also usually focus on a designated group of AEC and contractor employees.
One film depicts problems encountered in industrial procurement practices
and another is specifically aimed at the participation of scientists at meet-
ings and conferences. Each of these films presents an underlying classifi-
cation principle in a novel and fascinating way. Through use of poster and
various house organs all employees are further reminded of their classifica-
tion responsibilities.
CIA Orientation and Training
The security briefings given new employees upon entry on duty now include
coverage of the standards and procedures established by Executive'Order 11652.
Four meetings-were held during 1973--one for each of the four Agency
Directorates--for the purpose of elaborating upon the contents of a draft
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Security Handbook and to answer. specific questions pertaining to Agency
implementation of Executive Order 11652. Approximately 160 key person-
nel attended these meetings.
Lectures on records management and information control programs are
regularly included in two Agency training courses--the Mid-Career Execu-
tive Development Course and Management and Services Review: Trends and
Highlights. The subject matter covered in these lectures includes a
summary of Executive Order 11652 and programs established by the Agency
to insure implementation.
DOD Orientation and Training
Members of the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense
(Security Policy) have actively participated in security seminars, symposia,
workshops and presentations for thousands of Department of Defense and
industry personnel who deal with classification and security matters, engi-.
neering and program'people and contractor trade representatives. Atthese
meetings, audiences were made aware of the strong desire of DOD top level
management to support the provisions of Executive Order 11652 and the Free-
dom of Information Act in both letter and spirit. In addition, the DOD
prepared and distributed a video tape in which the Deputy Assistant Secre-
taries of Defense for Administration and Security Policy were interviewed
by Armed Forces Information and Education personnel concerning the prin-
cipal features of the Executive order and the NSC Directive. This video
tape was given worldwide distribution. The Department also developed
articles covering the principal features of the Order and the NSC Direc-
tive for worldwide distribution through such media as "Commanders Digest,"
"Defense Information Guidance Series" and the "Defense Management Journal."
These articles were accompanied by easily understood visual aids and were
widely disseminated throughout the DOD and Defense industry.
The DOD is currently finalizing the Program of Instructions for an
Information Security Management Course established at the Defense Indus-
trial Security Institute. This course is designed to cover all aspects
of the Information Security Program and will be attended by both defense
and industry personnel. The first formal class of instruction will begin
in July 1974.
Based on detailed Program reviews conducted by representatives of the
Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Security Policy), it
was determined that certain changes were required in regulations and proce-
dures in order to make the DOD Information Security Program more effective
and responsive to the objectives established by the President. These changes
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are, among other things, designed to accelerate the downgrading and declas-
sification of information originated by the Department of Defense and to
limit the use of exemption authority within the Department of Defense. The
changes were approved by the ICRC on November 12, 1973, and are included in
a complete reissuance of DOD Regulation 5200.1-R.
NARS Orientation and Training
The Records Declassification Division of GSA's National Archives and
Records Service developed a program of instruction and workshop training
for individuals engaged in review for declassification of World War II
and earlier dated records. Ten 40-hour training sessions have been con-
ducted since October 1972. While most of the 103 attendees have been on
the NARS staff, representatives from several other agencies (notably Army,
Navy, Air Force and CIA) have also accepted a NARS invitation to take
advantage of this specialized training opportunity.
State Orientation and Training
The introductory section of Uniform/State/USIA/AID Security Regulations,
amended September 11, 1972, states: "The interests of the United States and
its citizens are best served by making information concerning the affairs
of Government readily available to the public. This concept of an informed
citizenry is reflected in the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552) and
in the current public information policies of the Executive Branch." Each
employee of the. Department of State is responsible for becoming familiar
with and adhering to these regulations. Every new employee coming into the
Department is'briefed on his responsibilities under both the Freedom of
Information Act and Executive Order 11652 on Classification and Declassifi-
cation of National Security Information and Material.
Similar briefings on the Freedom of Information Act and the Executive
order are conducted regularly in training courses at the Foreign Service
Institute. The Freedom of Information Act and Executive order have been
in the past and continue to be publicized to employees through such regular
vehicles as The State Department Newsletter and other established means,
including publications, memoranda and departmental notices.
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VIII. DATA INDEX SYSTEM
All departments were required by the NSC Directive of May 17, 1972,
to undertake the establishment of a data index system no later than July 1,
1973, for Top Secret, Secret, and Confidential information in selected
categories approved by the ICRC as having sufficient historical or other
value appropriate for preservation. The system is required to index the
selected categories of information and material produced and classified
after December 31, 1972. Detailed instructions on how to set up the data
index were issued January 23, 1973.
The data index is a series of manual or automated indices which must
be maintained by all departments authorized to originate classified infor-
mation and it covers selected categories of classified documents having
historical or other permanent retention value. Each classified document
entered into the index is uniquely identified to permit retrieval within
a short period of time. The classified documents are maintained in the
index until they become declassified. In departments where the volume of
classified documentation is high, the data index may involve use of sophis-
ticated computer equipment.
The underlying purpose of the data index is to pursue the objective
of Executive Order 11652 to establish a credible and sound security classi-
fication system. It will assist most departments in managing their
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classified documents and in monitoring implementation of the Order. In
many cases, it will facilitate inspection as to proper marking, assist in
conducting periodic declassification reviews, aid in evaluating the need
for classification authority, insure better protection for material that
is classified, and facilitate public access to classified records as they
become declassified. Record accessibility is the primary asset of the
system. A record or document which has been entered into the data index
must be retrievable from a department's files within 48 hours of receiving
a request given minimal combinations of the data elements.
As classified documents are originated, certain information regarding
the classification and contents of the documents will be entered into the
data index. The following elements must be included as a minimum: (1)
identity of classifier; (2) originating office; (3) title or description
of the document; (4) subject matter in index terms; (5) geographical area
reference code; (6) date of document; (7) classification category; (8)
declassification schedule; (9) exemption category, if any; (10) declassi-
fication date or event; and (11) number of addressees. Certain periodic
and on-call reports will be used by the Interagency Classification Review
Committee to ensure that the purposes set forth above are achieved.
The ICRC has been pleased with the progress made by the overwhelming
majority of departments dealing with classified information. Those depart-
ments generally report that their data index systems are working well and
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37
are serving a useful function. Many of the departments'dealing with
relatively small amounts of classified information include in their data
index all classified information generated in the department. However,
because of the sheer volume of classified material generated by the Depart-
ment of Defense, the Department, as a result of two separate surveys, finds
that the cost of a fully automated system of any real value would be prohib-
itive and the costs would far outweigh any benefits gained.. DOD estimates
that the data automation annual costs would fall in the $20 million to $50
million range. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Department, consistent
with recent Congressional guidance which requires that systems be thoroughly
evaluated prior to full scale implementation, is establishing three systems
at the seat of Government as an initial step to meet the provisions of the
NSC Directive of May 17, 1972. These systems are designed to capture a
representative volume of classified documents which are created by the Depart-
ment.
A summary sampling of the progress made by various departments as of
December 31, 1973, is given below:
AEC - Its fully operational automated system includes 653
documents which are broken down as follows: (1) all
42 Top Secret documents generated by the AEC since
January 1, 1973, and (2) selected categories of
Secret and Confidential documents from the same date
which are of sufficient historical or other significance
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to warrant preservation, including all documents
exempt from the General Declassification Schedule
(GDS) other than those exempted solely by reason of
being Restricted Data or Formerly Restricted Data.
The AEC states that implementation of the Data Index
System has assisted them in pointing out where further
guidance can assist authorized classifiers in making
their classification decisions and in monitoring the
implementation of Executive Order 11652 throughout
the AEC's program.
AID - Its fully operational manual system includes: (1) all
Top Secret documents and all Secret and Confidential
documents exempted from the GDS; (2) all classified
documents originated by the Administrator and Assistant
Administrators, and (3) all classified information and
material which document the planning, establishment,
implementation, termination and evaluation of A.I.D.
programs and projects. A.I.D. states that the system
provides a more thorough centralized control over
classified documents than has ever existed in the history
of the agency.
CIA - Its fully operational automated system includes all
finished intelligence reports produced by the agency
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and the data included in such reports. It is
particularly effective for the CIA as a document
storage retrieval system.
DOD - It is establishing automated systems in three major
activities of the Department. The preponderance of
the material indexed will be scientific and technical
in nature. In addition, material concerning commu-
nications, operations and plans will be indexed.
Justice - Its manual data index system has been in partial
operation since January 1, 1973. It contains all
finished documents classified by employees of the
Department. At the present time, the Department
relies upon the system only for the. preparation of
the ICRC quarterly reports. It is anticipated by
the Department that once the system is automated,
it will be fully operational and will satisfy the
basic objectives of the Executive order.
NSC - Its fully operational automated system includes (1)
institutional NSC material, (2) classified documents
signed by the President, the Assistant to the President
for National Security Affairs, or his deputy, dispatched
to departments and agencies, (3) memoranda reflecting
Presidential decisions transmitted by the NSC Staff
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Secretary to the agencies, and (4) other items
important to the implementation of policy. The
system permits recall by any category or part thereof.
State - Its partially operational automated system includes all
telegrams having historical value including all Top
Secret telegrams as of early 1974. On January 2, 1974,
the system was expanded to include other documents of
historical value such as airgrams, congressional corre-
spondence, diplomatic notes, letters and memoranda. The
system will be expanded upon the receipt of additional
funding. The Department. believes that the system is help-
ful in preparing such statistical compilations as the
ICRC's quarterly summary report. It also will allow the
Department to maintain better control over Top Secret
documents.
Transportation - Its partially operational manual system is an all inclusive
system; i.e., it includes all documents of an official
record nature containing information which the Department
originally classifies. The system will be fully opera-
tional by July 1974. The Department believes that the
primary value of the system is that it will provide a
more precise routine headquarters overview of the nature
and volume of originally classified material and the
appropriateness of the classification determinations.
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Treasury - Its fully operational system includes all national
security information developed after December 31, 1972,
which is retained more than 90 days. The system is used
to reflect an actual count of all national security infor-
mation or material assigned an original classification
within the Department. The Department also believes that
the system is an effective means for maintaining such
information or material to insure that officials assigning
an original classification possess such authority and as
time goes on it will be utilized for the retrieval of
documents.
USIA - Its fully operational automated system includes all docu-
ments of historical or other value which comprised 70%
of the total classification actions during Calendar Year
1973. The USIA believes that the objectives of systematic
declassification review and public access to declassified
information are assured by adherence to requirements for
the Data Index System.
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IX. APPEALS TO THE ICRC
Amonq the duties assigned to the Interagency Classification Review
Committee by the President in Executive Order 11652 was the responsibility
to "consider and take action on complaints from persons within or without
the government with respect to the general administration of the Order
including appeals from denials by Departmental Committees or the Archivist
of declassification requests." Procedures, under which the denial of a
request for the declassification of classified documents ten or more
years old may be appealed to the ICRC, were published in the Federal
Register on August 23, 1973.
There have been six appeals to the ICRC from denials by various
departments of mandatory declassification review requests. One appeal
was granted in full (Kennedy/Khruschchev Cuban Missile Crises Correspondence);
one appeal was granted in full with one minor three-line exception (Gaither
Report); three appeals were denied; and one appeal was referred back to
the responsible agency for appropriate action with the consent of the
appellant and was subsequently granted in part.
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X. HIGHLIGHT SUMMARY
1. The total number of authorized classifiers within all departments
has been reduced by 71% since Executive Order 11652 went into effect in mid-
1972 and this reduction is continuing.
2. Every major agency has had a significant decrease in the number of
authorized classifiers. The Department of Defense alone has reduced the
total number of authorized classifiers by 76% since Executive Order 11652
went into effect.
3. The National Archives and Records Service has declassified over
50,000,000 pages of records and documents since October 1972. Its active
declassification program is continuing.
4. The AEC has declassified approximately 1,200,000 documents involving
millions of pages since the start of its comprehensive classification review
program 2 1/2 years ago--431,352 of those documents were declassified in
1973 alone. Its active classification review program is continuing.
5. The Department of Defense achieved a 25% reduction in its Top Secret
inventory during 1973.
6. Comprehensive Data Index Systems of classified information and
material having sufficient historical or other value appropriate for preser-
vation are in full operation by the majority of departments of the Government.
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7. The Interagency Classification Review Committee has actively
encouraged comprehensive orientation and training programs in the classi-
fication and declassification fields and has itself taken a leading role
in this area.
8. The majority of all mandatory review requests of classified infor-
mation or material have been granted in full or in part. Many historians
and other scholars have taken advantage of this new and innovative right.
9. Under the aegis of the Interagency Classification Review Committee,
significant progress has been made by the Government in achieving the goals
of Executive Order 11652.
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 APPENDIX A
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FRIDAY, MARCH 10, 1972
WASHINGTON, D.C.
PART II
THE PRESIDENT
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11652
ClassiI cation and Declassification of
National Security Information
and Material-
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 THE PRESIDENT 5289
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Title 3-The President
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11652
Classification and Declassification of National Security Information
and Material
The interests of the United States and its citizens are"best served by
making information regarding the affairs of Government readily avail-
able to the public. This concept of an informed citizenry is reflected :in
the Freedom of Information Act and in the current public information
policies of the executive branch.
Within the Federal Government there is some official information
and material which, because it bears directly on the effectiveness of our
national defense and the conduct of our foreign relations, must be sub-
ject to some constraints for the security of our Nation and the safety of
our people and our allies. To protect against actions hostile to the United
States, of both an overt and covert nature, it is essential that such
official information and material be given-only limited dissemination.
This official information or.material, referred to as classified infor-
mation or material in this order, is expressly exempted from public
disclosure by Section 552 (b) (1) of Title 5, United States Code. Wrong-
ful disclosure of such information or material is recognized in the Federal
.Criminal Code as providing a basis for prosecution.
To ensure that such information and material is protected, but only
to the extent and for such period as is necessary, this order identifies the
information to be protected, prescribes classification, downgrading, de-
classification and safeguarding procedures to be followed, and?establishes
a monitoring system to ensure its effectiveness.
NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the
Constitution and statutes of the United States, it is hereby ordered:
SECTION 1. Security Classification Categories. Official information or
material which requires protection against unauthorized disclosure in the
interest of the national defense or foreign relations of the United States
(hereinafter collectively termed "national security") shall be classified
in one of three categories, namely "Top Secret," "Secret," or "Confiden-
tial," depending upon the degree of its significance to national security.
No other categories shall be used to identify official information or
material as requiring protection in the interest of national security, except
as otherwise expressly provided by statute. These classification categories
are defined as follows:
(A) "Top Secret." "Top Secret" refers to that national security
information or material which requires the highest degree of protection.
The test for assigning "Top Secret" classification shall be whether its
unauthorized disclosure could' reasonably be expected to cause excep-
tionally grave damage to the national security. Examples of "excep-
tionally grave damage" include armed hostilities against the United
States or its allies; disruption of foreign relations vitally affecting the
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 Approv f 2eteastyR09D/6 ifanUA-DW1$MQQ 5QO jn0 5-9
complex cryptologic and communications intelligence systems; the
revelation of sensitive intelligence operations; and the disclosure of scien-
tific or technological developments vital to national security. This
classification shall be used with the utmost restraint.
,. (B) "Secret." "Secret" refers to that national security information or
material which requires a substantial degree of protection. The test
for assigning "Secret" classification shall be whether its unauthorized
disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to the
national security. Examples of "serious damage" include disruption of
foreign relations significantly affecting the national security; significant.
impairment of a program or policy directly related to the national secu-
rity; revelation of significant military plans or intelligence operations;
and compromise of significant scientific or technological developments.
relating to national security. The classification "Secret" shall be sparingly
used.
(C) "Confidential." "Confidential" refers to that national security
information or material which requires protection. The test for assign-
ing "Confidential" classification shall be whether its unauthorized dis-
closure could reasonably be expected to cause damage to the national
security.
SEC. 2. Authority to Classify. The authority to originally classify in-
formation or material under this order shall be restricted solely to.those
offices within the executive branch which are concerned with matters
of national security, and shall 'be limited to the minimum number
absolutely required for efficient administration. Except as the context
may otherwise indicate, the term "Department" as used. in this order
shall include agency or other governmental unit.
(A) The authority to originally classify information or material un-
der this order as "'Top Secret" shall be exercised only by such officials as
the President may designate in writing and by:
(1) The heads of the Departments listed below;
(2) Such of their senior principal deputies and assistants as the heads
of such Departments may designate in writing; and
(3) Such heads and senior principal deputies and assistants of major
elements of such Departments, as the heads of such Departments may
designate in writing.
Such offices in the Executive Office of the President as the
President may designate in writing
Central Intelligence Agency
Atomic Energy Commission
Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Department of Defense,
Department of the Army
Department of the Navy
Department of the Air Force
United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
FEDERAL REGISTER VOL
37 NO - I
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THE PRESIDENT 5211
Department of Justice
National Aeronautics. and Space Administration
Agency for International. Development
(B) The authority to originally classify information or material under
this order as "Secret" shall be exercised only by:
(1) Officials who have "Top Secret" classification authority;.
(2) Such subordinates as officials with "Top Secret" classification
authority under (A) (1) and (2) above may designate in writing; and
(3) The heads of the following named Departments and. such senior
principal deputies or assistants as they may designate in'writing.
Department of Transportation
Federal Communications Commission
Export-Import Bank of. the United States
Department of Commerce
United States Civil Service .Commission
United States Information Agency
General Services Administration
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Civil Aeronautics Board
Federal Maritime Commission
Federal Power Commission
National Science Foundation
Overseas Private Investment Corporation
(C) The authority to originally classify information or material un-'
der this order as "Confidential" may be exercised by officials who have
"Top Secret" or "Secret" classification authority and such officials
as they may designate in writing.
(D) Any Department not referred to herein and any Department or
unit established hereafter shall not have authority to originally ? classify
information or material under this order, unless specifically authorized
hereafter by an Executive order.
SEC. 3. Authority to Downgrade and Declassify. The authority to
downgrade and declassify national security infomation.or material shall
be exercised as follows:
(A) Information or material may be downgraded or declassified by
the official authorizing the original classification, by a successor in capac-
ity or by a supervisory official of either.
(B) Downgrading and declassification authority may also be exer-
cised by an official specifically authorized under regulations issued by the
head of the Department listed in Sections 2 (A) or (B) hereof.
(C) In the case of classified information or material officially trans-
ferred by or pursuant to statute or Executive order in conjunction with
a transfer of function and not merely for storage purposes, the receiving
Department shall be deemed to be the originating . Department for all
purposes under this order including downgrading and declassification.
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FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 40-FRIDAY, MARCH 10, 1972
 5212 THE PRESIDENT
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17,
0o?3%0.519
transferred within (C) above, but originated in a Department which
has since ceased to exist, each Department in possession shall be deemed
to be the originating Department for all purposes under this order. Such
information or material may be downgraded and declassified by the
Department in possession after consulting with any other Departments
having an interest in the subject matter.
(E) Classified information or material transferred to the General
Services Administration for accession into the Archives of the United
States shall be downgraded and declassified by the Archivist of the
United States in accordance with this order, directives of the President
issued through the National Security Council and pertinent regulations
of the Departments.
(F) Classified information or material with special markings, as
described in Section 8, shall be downgraded and declassified as required
by law and governing regulations.
SEc. 4. Classification. Each person possessing classifying authority
shall be held accountable for the propriety of the classifications attrib-
uted to him. Both unnecessary classification and over-classification shall
be avoided. Classification shall be solely on the basis of national security
considerations. In no case shall information be classified in order to
conceal inefficiency or administrative error, -to prevent embarrassment
to a person or Department, to restrain competition or independent ini-
tiative, or to prevent for any other reason the release of information
which does not require protection in the interest of national security.
The following rules shall apply to classification of information under
this order:
(A) Documents-in General. Each classified document shall show on
its face its classification and whether it is subject to or exempt-from the
General Declassification Schedule. It shall also show the office of origin,
the date of preparation and classification and, to the extent practicable,
be so marked as to indicate which portions are classified, at what level,
and which portions are not classified in order to facilitate. excerpting and
other use. Material containing references to classified materials, which
references do-not reveal classified information, shall not be classified.
(B) Identification of Classifying Authority. Unless the Department
involved shall have provided some other method of, identifying the
individual at the highest level that authorized classification in each case,
material classified under' this order shall indicate on-its face the identity
of the highest authority authorizing the classification. Where the indi-
vidual who signs or otherwise authenticates a document or item has also
authorized the classification, no further annotation as to his identity
is requited. -
(C) Information or Material Furnished by a Foreign Government or
International Organization. Classified information or material furnished
to the -United States by a foreign government or international organiza-
tion shall either retain its original classification or be assigned a United
States classification. In either case, the classification shall assure a degree
of protection equivalent to that required by the government or inter-
national organization which furnished the information or material.
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 1D) Classification Responsibilities. A holder of classified informa-
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by the originator. If a holder believes that there is unnecessary classi-
fication, that the assigned classification is improper, or that the docu-
ment is subject to declassification under this order, he shall so inform
the originator who shall thereupon re-examine the classification.
SF-c. 5. Declassification and Downgrading. Classified information and
material, unless declassified earlier by the original classifying authority,
shall be declassified and downgraded in accordance with the following
rules :
(A) General Declassification Schedule. (1) "Top Secret." Infor-
mation or material originally classified "Top Secret" shall become
automatically -downgraded to "Secret" at the end of the second full
calendar year following the year in which it was originated, down-
graded to "Confidential" at the end of the fourth full calendar year
following the year in which it was originated, and declassified at the
end of the tenth full calendar year following the year in which it was
originated.
(2) "Secret." Information and material originally classified "Secret"
shall become automatically downgraded to "Confidential" at the? end
of the second full calendar year following the year in which it was,
originated, and declassified t the end of the eighth full calendar year
following the year in which it was originated.
(3) "Confidential." Information and material originally classified
"Confidential" shall become automatically declassified at the end of the
sixth full calendar year following the year in which it was originated.
(B) Exemptions from General Declassification Schedule. Certain
classified information or material may war::?ant some degree of pro-
tection for a period exceeding that provided in the General Declassi-
fication Schedule. An official authorized to originally classify
information or material "Top Secret" may exempt from the General
Declassification Schedule any level of classified information or material
originated by him or under his supervision if it falls within one of the
categories described below. In each case such official shall specify in
writing on the material the exemption category being claimed and,
unless impossible, a date or event for automatic declassification. The
use of the exemption authority shall be kept to the absolute minimum
consistent with national security requirements and shall be restricted
to the following categories:
(1) Classified information or material furnished by foreign govern-
ments or international organizations and held by the United States on
the understanding that it be kept in confidence.
(2) Classified information or material specifically covered by statute,
or pertaining to cryptography, or disclosing intelligence sources or
-methods.
(3) Classified information, or material disclosing a system, plan,
installation, project or specific foreign relations matter the continuing
protection of which is essential to the national security.
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 40-FRIDAY, MARCH 70, 1972
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 (4) Classified infoation or m)1Wkb Qthr.76bdff &2960~,'~i9h
Approved O ~r I191 Mepieopardy.
(C) Mandatory Review of Exempted Material. All classified infor-
mation and material originated after the effective date of this order
which is exempted under (B) above from the General Declassification
Schedule shall be subject to a classification review by the originating
Department at any time after the expiration of ten years from the date
of origin provided :
(1 } A Department or member of the public requests a review;
(2) The request describes the record with sufficient particularity to
enable the Department to identify it; and
(3) The record can be obtained with-only a reasonable amount of
effort.
Information or material which no longer qualifies for exemption under
(B) above shall be declassified. Information or material continuing to
qualify under (B) shall be so marked and, unless impossible, a date for
automatic declassification shall be set.
(D) Applicability of the General Declassification Schedule to Previ-
ously Classified Material. Information or material classified before the
-effective date of this order and which is assigned to Group 4 under
Executive Order No. 10501, as amended by Executive Order No. 10964,
'shall be subject to the General Declassification Schedule. All other infor-
mation or material classified before the effective date of this order,
whether or not assigned to Groups 1, 2, or 3 of Executive Order
No. 10501, as amended, shall be excluded from the General Declassifica-
tion Schedule. However, at any time after the expiration of ten years
from the date of origin it shall be subject to a mandatory classification
review and disposition under the same conditions and criteria that apply
to classified information and material created after the effective date of
this order as set forth in (B) and (C) above.
(E) Declassification of Classified Information or Material After
Thirty Years. All classified information or material which is thirty years
old or more, whether originating before or after he effective date of
this order, shall be declassified under the following conditions:
(1) All information and material classified after the effective date of
this order shall, whether or not declassification has been requested,
become automatically declassified at the end of thirty full calendar years
after the date of its original classification except for such specifically
identified information or material which the head of the originating
Department personally determines in writing at that time to require
continued protection because such continued protection is essential to
the national security or disclosure would place a person in immediate
jeopardy. In, such case, the head of the Department shall also specify
the period of continued classification.
(2) All information and material classified before the effective date
of this order and more than thirty years old shall be systematically
reviewed for declassification by the Archivist of the United States by the
end of the thirtieth full calendar year following the year in which it was
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 THE PRESIDENT
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only such information or material as is specifically identified by the
head of the Department in accordance with (E) (1) above. In such
case, the head of the Department shall also specify the period of
continued classification.
(F) Departments Which Do Not Have Authority For Original
Classification. The provisions of this section relating to the declassifica-
tion of national security information or material shall apply to Depart-
ments which, under the terms of this order, do not have current authority
to originally classify information or material, but which formerly had
such authority under previous Executive orders.
SEC. 6. Policy Directives on Access, Marking, Safekeeping, Account-
ability, Transmission, Disposition and Destruction of Classified Informa-
tion and Material. The President acting through the National Security
Council shall issue directives which shall be binding on all Departments
to protect classified information from loss or compromise. Such
directives shall conform to the following policies:
(A) No person shall be given access to classified information or
material unless such person has been determined to be trustworthy and
unless access to such inform ttion is necessary for the performance of his
duties.
(B) All classified information and material shall be appropriately
and conspicuously marked to put all persons on clear notice of its
classified contents.
(C) Classified information and material shall be used, possessed, and
stored only under "conditions which will prevent access by unauthorized
persons or dissemination to unauthorized persons.
(D) All classified information and material disseminated outside the
executive branch under Executive Order No. 10865 or otherwise shall
be properly protected.
(E) Appropriate accountability records for classified information
shall be established and maintained and such information and material
shall, be protected adequately during all transmissions.
(F) Classified information and material no longer needed in current
working files or for reference or record purposes shall be destroyed or
disposed of in accordance with the records disposal provisions contained
in Chapter 33 of Tide 44 of the United States Code and other applicable
statutes.
(G) Classified information or material shall,be reviewed on a sys-
tematic basis for the purpose of accomplishing downgrading, declassifica-
tion, transfer, retirement and destruction at the earliest practicable date.
SEc. 7. -Implementation and Review Responsibilities. (A) The Na-
tional Security Council shall monitor the implementation of this order.
To assist the National Security -Council, an Interagency Classifica-
tion Review Committee shall fie established, composed of representa-
tives of the Departments of State, Defense and Justice, the Atomic
Energy Commission, the Central Intelligence Agency and the National
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 THE PRESIDENT
Appro.FjRR19RP5-9
Representatives of other Departments in the executive branch may be
invited to meet with the Committee on matters of particular interest
to those Departments. This Committee shall meet regularly and on a
continuing basis shall review and take action. to ensure compliance with
this order, and in particular:
(1) The Committee shall oversee Department actions to ensure com-
pliance with the provisions of this order and implementing directives
issued by the President through the National Security Council.
(2) The Committee shall, subject to procedures to be established by
it, receive, consider and take action on Suggestions and complaints from
persons within or without the government with respect to the admin-
istration of this order, and in consultation with the affected Department
or Departments assure that appropriate action is taken on such sug-
gestions and complaints.
(3) Upon request of the Committee Chairman, any Department shall
furnish to the Committee any particular information or material needed
by the Committee in carrying out its functions.
(B) To promote the basic purposes of this order, the head of each
Department originating or handling classified information or material
shall:
(1) Prior to the effective date of this order submit to the Interagency
Classification Review Committee for approval a copy of the regulations
it proposes to adopt pursuant to this order.
(2) Designate a senior member of his staff who shall ensure effec-
tive compliance with and implementation of this order and shall also
chair a Departmental committee which shall have authority to act
on all suggestions and complaints with respect to the Department's
administration of this order.
(3) Undertake an initial program to familiarize the employees of
his Department with the provisions of. this order. He shall also estab-
lish and maintain active training and orientation programs. for em-
ployees concerned with classified information or material. Such programs
shall include, as a minimum, the briefing of new employees and periodic
reorientation during employment to impress upon each individual his
responsibility for exercising vigilance and care in complying with the
provisions of this order. Additionally, upon termination of employ-
ment or contemplated temporary separation for a sixty-day period or
more, employees shall be debriefed and each reminded of the provisions
of the Criminal Code and other applicable provisions of law relating
to penalties for unauthorized disclosure.
(C) The Attorney General, upon request of the head of a Depart-
ment, his duly designated representative, or the Chairman of the above
described- Committee, shall personally or through authorized repre-
sentatives of the Department of justice render an interpretation of this
order with respect to any question arising in the course of its admin-
istration.
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 Appr% ec FoVft&b qmy hlm44.o4 cFbl Il obf4 d om30055-9
order shall supersede any requirements made by or under the Atomic
Energy Act of August 30, 1954, as amended. "Restricted Data," and
material designated as "Formerly Restricted Data," .shall be handled,
protected, classified, downgraded and declassified in conformity .with
the provisions of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and the
regulations of the Atomic Energy Commission.
SEC. 9. Special Departmental Arrangements. The originating De-
partment or other appropriate authority may impose, in conformity
with the provisions of this order, special requirements with respect to
access, distribution and protection of classified information and material,.
including those which presently relate to communications intelligence,
intelligence sources and methods and cryptography.
SEC. 10. Exceptional Cases. In an exceptional case when' a person
or Department not authorized to classify information originates
information which is believed to require classification, such person or
Department shall protect that -information in the manner prescribed
by this order. Such persons or Department shall transmit. the informa-
tion forthwith, under appropriate safeguards, to the Department having
primary interest in the subject. matter with a request that a determina-
tion be made as to classification.
SEc. 11. Declassification of Presidential Papers: The Archivist of the
United States shall have authority to review and declassify information
and material which has been classified by a President, his White House
Staff or special committee or commission appointed .by him and which
the Archivist has in his custody at any archival depository, including a
Presidential Library. Such declassification shall only be undertaken in
accord with: (i) the terms of the donor's deed of gift, (ii) consulta-
tions with the Departments having a primary subject-matter interest,
and (iii) the provisions of Section 5.
SEc. 12. Historical Research and Access by Former Government
Officials. The requirement in Section 6(A) that- access to classified
information or material be granted only as is necessary for the perform-
ance -of one's duties shall not apply to persons outside the executive
branch who are. engaged in historical research projects or,who have
previously occupied policy-making positions to which they were
appointed by the President; Provided, however, that in each case the
head of the originating Department shall:
(i) determine that access is clearly consistent with the interests of
national security; and
(ii) take appropriate steps to assure that classified information or..
material is not published or otherwise compromised.
Access granted a person by reason of his having previously occupied a
policy-making position shall be limited to those papers which the,
former official originated, reviewed, signed or received while in public
office.
SEC. 13. Administrative and Judicial Action. (A) Any officer or
employee of the United States who unnecessarily classifies or over,-
5217
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 4$--FRIDAY, MARCH 10, 1972
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 CC~~ ~~nn THE. PRESIDENT
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vro a on a terms. of t or er or of a directive of the President
b ,sued through the National Security Council. Repeated' abuse of the
classification process shall be grounds for an administrative reprimand.
In any case where the Departmental committee'orthe Interagency Classi-
fication Review Committee finds that unnecessary classification or over-
classification has occurred, it shall make a report to the' head of the
Department concerned in order that corrective steps maybe taken.
(E) The head of each Department is directed to take prompt and
stringent administrative action against any'. officer or eiiiployee of the
United States, at any level of employment, determined to have been re-
sponsible for. any-release or disclosure of national security information or
material in a 'manner not authorized by or under this order-or a directive
of the President issued through the National Security Council.. Where a
violation of criminal statutes may be involved, Departments will refer
any such-case promptly to the Department of Justice.
SEC. 14. Revocation -of Executive Order No. 10501..Executive Order
No. 10501 of. November 5, 1953, as amended by Executive Orders No.
10816 of May 8, 1959, No. 10901 of January 11, 1961, N6. 10964 of
September 20, 1961, No. 10985 of January 15, 1962, No. 11097- of
March 6, 1963 and by Section 1(a) of No. 11382 of November 28,'l 9 67,
is superseded as of the effective date of this order.
:SEC.. 15. Effective date. This order, shall become effective on June 1,
1972.
THE WHITE HOUSE,
March 8, 1972.
[FR Doc.72-3782 Filed 3-9-72; 11:01 am]
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 48-FRIDAY, MARCH 10, 1972
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 APPENDIX B
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EXECUTIVE ORDER
11714
AMENDING EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11652 ON CLASSIFICATION
AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY
INFORMATION AND MATERIAL
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution
and statutes of the United States, the second sentence of Section 7(A)
of Executive Order No. 11652 of March $, 1972, is amended to read
a s ,follows:
."To assist the.National Security Council, an
Interagency Classification Review Committee
shall be established, composed of a Chairman
designated by the President, the Archivist of
the United States, and representatives of the
Departments of State, Defense and Justice,
the Atomic Energy Commission, the Central
Intelligence Agency and the National Security
Council Staff. "
THE WHITE HOUSE,
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 APPENDIX C
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DIRECTIVE OF MAY 17, 1972
National Security Council
Directive Governing the
Classification, Downgrading,
Declassification and Safeguarding
of National Security Information
The President has directed that Executive Order. 11652, "Classifica-
tion and Declassification of National Security Information and Material,"
approved March 8, 1972 (37 F.R. 5209, March 10, 1972) be imple-
mented in accordance with the following:
I AUTHORITY To CLASSIFY
A. Personal and Non-delegable. Classification authority may be ex-
ercised only by those officials who are designated by, or in writing pur-
suant to, Section 2 of Executive Order 11652 (hereinafter the "Order".).
Such officials may classify information or material only at the level au-
thorized or below. This authority vests only to the official designated
under the Order, and may not be delegated.
B. Observance of Classification. Whenever information or material
classified by an official designated under A above is incorporated in an-
other document or other material by any person other than the classifier,
the previously assigned security classification category shall be reflected
thereon together with the identity of the classifier.
C. Identification of Classifier. The person at the highest level authoriz-
ing the classification must be identified on the face of the information or
material classified, unless the identity-of such person might disclose sensi-
tive intelligence information. In the latter instance the Department
shall establish some other record by which,the classifier can readily be
identified.
D. Record Requirement. Each Department listed in Section 2 (A)
of the Order shall maintain a listing by name of the officials who have
been designated in writing to have Top Secret classification authority.
Each Department listed in Section 2 (A) and (B) of the Order shall also
maintain separate listings by name of the persons designated in writing
to have Secret authority and persons designated in writing to have Con-
fidential authority. In cases wlfere listing of the names of officials having
classification authority might disclose sensitive intelligence information,
the Department shall establish some other record by which such officials
can readily be identified. The foregoing listings and records shall be
compiled beginning July 1, 1972 and updated at least on a quarterly
basis.
E. Resolution of Doubts. If the classifier has any substantial doubt as
to'which security classification category is apppropriate, or as to whether
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 10054
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the material should be classified at all, he should designate the less re-
strictive treatment.
II DOWNGRADING AND DECLASSIEICATtON
A. General Declassification Schedule and Exemptions. Classified in-
formation and material shall be declassified as soon as there are no longer
any grounds'for continued classification within the classification category
definitions set forth in Section 1 of the Order. At the time of origination
the-classifier shall, whenever possible, clearly mark on the information or
material a specific date or event upon which downgrading or declassifica-
tion shall occur. Such dates or events shall be as early as is permissible
without causing damage to the national security as defined in Section 1
of the Order. Whenever earlier dates or events cannot be determined,
the General Declassification. Schedule set forth in Section 5 (A) of the
Order shall apply. If the information or material is exempted under Sec-
tion 5 (B) of the Order from the General Declassification Schedule, the
classifier shall clearly mark the material to show that it is exempt and
indicate the applicable exemption - category. Unless impossible, the ex-
empted information or material shall be assigned and clearly marked by
the classifier with, a specific date or event upon which.. declassification
shall occur. Downgrading and declassification dates or events established
in acordance with the foregoing, whether scheduled or non-scheduled,
shall to the extent possible be carried forward and applied whenever
the classified information or material is incorporated in other documents
or material.
B. Extracts and Compilations. When classified information or mate-
rial from more than one source is incorporated into a new document or
other material, the document or other material shall be classified, down-
graded or declassified in accordance with the provisions of the Order
and Directives thereunder applicable to the information requiring the.
greatest protection.
C. Material Not Officially Transferred. When a Department holding
classified information or material under the circumstances described in
Section 3(D) of the Order notifies another Department of. its intention
to downgrade or declassify, it shall allow the notified Department 30
days, in which to express its objections .before taking action.
D. Declassification of Material 30 Years Old. The head of each De-
partment shall assign experienced personnel to assist the Archivist of
the United States in the exercise of his responsibility under Section 5 (E)
of the Order to systematically review for declassification all materials
classified before June 1, 1972 and more than 30 years old. Such per-
sonnel will: (1) provide guidance and assistance to archival employees'
in identifying and separating those materials originated in their Depart-
ments which are deemed to require continued classification; and (2)
develpp.a list for submission to the head of the Department which identi-
fies the. materials so separated, with recommendations concerning con-
tinued classification. The head of the originating Department wilt then
make the determination required under Section-5 (E) of the Order and
cause a list. to be created which identifies the documentation included
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FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 98.-FRIDAY, MAY 19, 1972
 ApprciYt"jFM i1Rgtg&j.2$Pc3c19 &s t is CaAs nRP0Pr 76 }i005d~les0007002 and 5-9
specifies the date on which such material shall be declassified.
E. Notification of Expedited Downgrading or Declassification. When
classified information or material is downgraded or declassified in a
manner other than originally specified, whether scheduled or exempted,
the classifief shall, to the extent practicable, promptly notify all address-
ees to whom the information or material was originally officially trans-
miffed. In turn, the addressees shall notify any other known recipient
of the classified. information or material. .
III REVIEW OF CLASSIFIED MATERIAL FOR DECLASSIFICATION
PURPOSES
A. Systematic Reviews. All information and material classified after
the effective date of the Order and determined in accordance with Chap-
ter 21, 44 U.S.C. (82 Stat. 1287) to be of sufficient historical or other
value to warrant preservation shall be systematically reviewed on a timely
basis by each Department for the purpose of making such information and
material publicly available in accordance with the determination regard-
ing declassification made by the classifier under Section 5 of the Order.
During each calendar year each Department shall segregate to the maxi-
mum extent possible all such information and material warranting pres-
ervation and becoming declassified at or prior to the end of such year.
Promptly after the end of such year the Department responsible, or the
Archives of the United States if transferred thereto,. shall make the de-
classified information and material available to the public to the extent
permitted by law.
B. Review for Declassification of Classified Material Over 10 Years
Old. Each Department shall designate in its implementing regulations an
office to which members of the public or Departments may direct re-
quests for mandatory review for declassification under Section 5 (C) and
(D) of the Order. This office shall In turn assign the request to the ap-
propriate office for action. In addition, this office or the office which has
been assigned action shall immediately acknowledge receipt of the request
in writing. If the request requires the rendering of services for which fair
and equitable fees should be charged pursuant to Title 5 of the Inde-
pendent Offices Appropriations Act, 1952, 65 Stat. 290, 31 U.S.C. 483a
the requester shall be so notified. The office which has been assigned
action shall thereafter make a determination within 30 days of receipt
or shall explain the reasons why further time is necessary. If at the end of
60 days from receipt of the request for review no determination has been
made, the requester may apply to the Departmental Committee estab-
lished by Section 7 (B) of the Order for a determination. Should the office
assigned action on a request for review determine that under the criteria
set forth in Section 5 (B) of the Order continued classification is required,
the requester shall promptly be notified, and whenever possible, provided
with a brief statement as to why the requested information or material
cannot be declassified. The requester may appeal any such determination
to 'the Departmental Committee and the notice of determination shall
advise him of this right.
C. Departmental Committee Review for Declassification. The Depart-
mental Committee shall establish procedures to review and act within
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 Appro VW816494 /end U *93Q7 10dM6Qd0055-9
sification. The Department head, acting through the Departmental Com-
mittee shall be authorized to over-rule previous determinations in whole
or in part when, in its judgment, continued protection is no longer re-
quired. If the Departmental Committee determines that continued clas-
sification is required under the criteria of Section 5(B) of the Order it.
shall promptly so notify the requester and advise him that he may appeal
the denial to the Interagency Classification Review Committee.
DReview of Classified Material Over 30 Years Old. A request by
a member of the public or by a Department under Section 5 (C) or
(D) of the Order to review for declassification documents more than 30
years old shall be referred directly to the Archivist of the United States,
and he shall have the requested documents reviewed for declassification
in accordance with Part II.D. hereof. If the information or material
requested has not been transferred to the General Services Administra-
tion for accession into the Archives, the Archivist shall, together with the
head of the Department having custody, have the requested documents
reviewed for declassification. Classification shall be continued in either
case only where the head of the Department concerned makes at. that
time the personal, determination required by Section 5 (E) (1) of the
Order. The Archivist shall promptly notify the requester of such determi-
nation and of his right to appeal the denial to the Interagency. Classifica-
tion Review Committee.
E. Burden of Proof for Administrative Determinations. For'purposes
of administrative determinations under B., C., or D. above, the burden
of proof is on the originating Department to show that continued-,classi-
fication is warranted within the terms of the Order'.
F. Availability of Declassified Material. Upon a determination under
B., C., or D. above that the requested material no longer warrants classi-
fication it shall be declassified and made ,promptly available to the
requester, if not otherwise exempt from disclosure under Section 552 (b)
of Title 5 U.S.C. (Freedom of Information Act) or other provision of
law.
G. Classification Review Requests. As required by Section 5 (C) of the
Order, a request for classification review must describe the document
with sufficient particularity to enable the Department to identify it and.
obtain it with a reasonable amount of effort. Whenever a request is'
deficient in its description of the record sought, the requester should be
asked to provide additional identifying information whenever possible.
Before denying a request on the ground that it is unduly burdensome, the
requester should be asked to limit his request to records that are reason-
ably obtainable. If none-the-less the requester does not describe the
records sought with sufficient particularity, or the record requested can-
not be obtained with a reasonable amount of effort, the requester shall
be notified: of the reasons why no action will be'taken and of his right
to appeal such decision.
IV MARKING REQUIREMENTS
A, When Document or Other Material is Prepared. At the time of
origination, each, document or other material containing classified in-
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 THE PRESIDENT
Appr f f cff Me q?Py,?h0 ; CIIA.RDP 76MO.0527RQ 070o02a30d055-9
it~ whether it is subject to or exempt from the General Declassification
Schedule.
(1)`"lFor marking documents which are subject to the General De-
classification Schedule, the following stamp shall be used:
(TOP SECRET, SECRET OR CONFIDENTIAL) CLASSIFIED
--------------------------~`
BY ---------------------------
SUBJECT TO GENERAL DECLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE- OF
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11652 AUTOMATICALLY DOWNGRADED
AT TWO YEAR INTERVALS AND DECLASSIFIED ON DEC. 31
(insert year)
(2) For marking documents which are to be automatically declassified
on a given event or date earlier than the General Declassification Sched-
ule the following stamp shall be used:
(TOP SECRET, SECRET OR CONFIDENTIAL) CLASSIFIED
---------------------------=----------------------
BY --------------------------- _
---------------------------
AUTOMATICALLY DECLASSIFIED ON (effective date or event) -
(3) For marking documents which are exempt from the -General
Declassification Schedule the following stamp shall be used:
(TOP SECRET, SECRET OR CONFIDENTIAL) CLASSIFIED
----------------------------------------=---------
BY --------------------------------- ------
--- ------------- --
EXEMPT FROM GENERAL DECLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE OF
EXECUTIVE ORDER 11652 EXEMPTION CATEGORY (? 5B (1),
(2), (3), or (4)) AUTOMATICALLY DECLASSIFIED ON (effective
---------------
date or event, if any)
------------------
Should the classifier inadvertently fail to mark a document with one of
the foregoing stamps the document shall be deemed to be subject to the
General Declassification Schedule. The person who signs or finally ap-
proves a document or other material containing classified information
shall be deemed to be the classifier. If the classifier is other than such
person he shall be identified on the stamp as indicated.
The "Restricted Data" and "Formerly Restricted. Data" stamps (H.
below) are, in themselves, evidence of exemption from the General
Declassification Schedule.
B. Overall -and Page Marking of Documents. The overall classifica-
tion of a document, whether or not permanently bound, or any copy or
reproduction thereof,, shall be conspicuously marked or stamped at the
top and bottom of the outside of the front cover (if any), on the title
page (if any), on the first page, on the back page and on the outside
of the back cover (if any). To the extent practicable each interior page
of 'a document which is'not permanently bound shall be conspicuously
marked or stamped at the top and bottom according to its own content,
including the designation "Unclassified" when appropriate.
C. Paragraph Marking. Whenever a classified document contains
either more than one security classification category or unclassified in-
formation, each section, part or paragraph should be marked to the ex-
tent practicable to show. its classification category or that it is unclassified.
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IQ,
 THE PRESIDENT
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tther l han .Documents. If classified material cannot be
marked, written notification of the information otherwise required in
markings shall accompany such material.
E. Transmittal Documents. A transmittal document shall carry on it
a prominent notation as to the highest classification of the information
which is carried with it, and a legend showing the classification, if any,
of the transmittal document standing alone.
F. Wholly Unclassified Material Not Usually Marked. Normally, un-
classified material shall not be marked or stamped "Unclassified" unless
the purpose of the marking is to indicate that a decision has been made
not to classify it.
G. Downgrading, Declassification and Upgrading Markings. When-
ever a change is made in the original classification or in the dates of down-
grading or declassification of any classified information or material it
shall be promptly and conspicuously marked to indicate the change,
the authority for the action, the date of the action, and the identity of the
person taking the action. In addition, all earlier classification markings
shall be cancelled, if practicable, but in any event on the first page.
(1) Limited Use of Posted Notice for Large Quantities of Material.
When the volume of information or material is such that prompt remark-
ing 'of each classified item could not be accomplished without unduly
interfering with operations, the custodian may attach downgrading, de-
classification or upgrading notices to the storage unit in lieu of the re-
marking otherwise required. Each notice shall indicate' the change, the
authority for the action, the date of the action, the identity of the person
taking the action and the storage units to which it applies. When individ-
ual documents or other materials are withdrawn from such storage units
they shall he promptly remarked in accordance with the change, or if the
documents have been declassified, the old markings shall be cancelled.
(2). Transfer of Stored Quantities Covered by Posted Notice. When
information or material subject to a posted downgrading, upgrading or
declassification notice are withdrawn from one storage unit solely for
transfer to another, or a storage unit containing such documents or
other materials is transferred from one place to another, the transfer
may be made without remarking if the notice is attached to or remains
with each shipment.
H. Additional Warning Notices. In addition to the foregoing marking
requirements, warning notices shall be prominently displayed on classi-
fied documents or materials as prescribed below. When display of these
warning notices on the documents or other materials is not feasible, the
warnings shall be included in the written notification of the assigned
classification.
(1) Restricted Data. For classified information or material containing
Restricted Data as defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as
amended :
This document contains Restricted Data as defined in the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954. Its dissemination or disclosure to any unauthorized person
is prohibited.
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 Approved For Release 2002/6'gfOp EIW P76MOO527R000700230055-9
(2) Formerly Restricted Data. For classified information or material
coptaining solely Formerly Restricted Data, as defined in Section 142.d.,
.)Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended:
"FORMERLY RESTRICTED DATA"
Unauthorized disclosure subject to Administrative and Criminal Sanc-
tions. Handle as Restricted Data in Foreign Dissemination. Section 144.b.,
Atomic Energy Act, 1954.
(3) Information Other Than Restricted Data or Formerly Restricted
Data. For classified information or material furnished to persons outside
the Executive Branch of Government other than as described in (1) and
(2) above:
"NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION"
Unauthorized Disclosure Subject to Criminal Sanctions.
(4) Sensitive Intelligence Information. For classified information or
material relating to sensitive intelligence sources and methods, the follow-
ing warning notice shall be used, in addition to and in conjunction with
those prescribed in (1), (2), or (3), above, as appropriate :
"WARNING NOTICE-SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE SOURCES
AND METHODS INVOLVED"
V PROTECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION
A. -General. Classified information or material may be used, held, or
stored only where there are. facilities or under conditions adequate to
prevent unauthorized persons from gaining access to it. Whenever such
information or material is not under the personal supervision of an
authorized person, the methods set forth in Appendix A hereto shall be
used to protect it. Whenever such information or material is transmitted
outside the originating Department the requirements of Appendix B
hereto shall be observed.
B. Loss or Possible Compromise. Any person who has knowledge of
the loss or possible-compromise of classified information shall'immedi-
ately report the circumstances to a designated official of his Department
or organization. In turn,, the originating Department and any other
interested Department shall be notified about the loss or possible com-
promise in order that a damage assessment may be conducted. An
immediate inquiry shall be initiated by the Department in which the
loss or compromise occurred for the purpose of taking corrective meas-
ures and appropriate administrative, disciplinary, or legal action.
VI ACCESS AND ACCOUNTABILITY
A. General Access Requirements. Except as provided in B. and C.
below, access to classified information shall be granted in accordance
with the following:
'(1) Determination of Trustworthiness. No person shall be given
access to classified information or material unless a favorable determina-
tion has been made as to his trustworthiness. The determination of
eligibility, referred to as a security clearance, shall be based on such
iivestigations as the Department may require in accordance with the
standards and criteria of E.O.-10450 and E.O. 10865 as appropriate.
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FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 98-FRIDAY, MAY 19, 1972
 ,,~"(2) Determination n Need-to- o t
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information or material sought in connection with the performance of his
official duties or contractual. obligations. The determination of that need
shall be made by officials having responsibility for the classified infor-
mation or material.
(3) Administrative Withdrawal of. Security Clearance. Each Depart-
ment shall make provision for administratively withdrawing the security
clearance of any person who no longer requires access to classified infor-
mation or material in connection with the performance of his official.
duties or contractural obligations. Likewise, when a person no longer
needs access to a particular security classification category, the security
clearance shall be adjusted to the classification category still required
for the performance of his duties and obligations. In both instances, such
action shall be without prejudice to the person's eligibility for a security
clearance should the need again arise.
B. Access by Historical Researchers. Persons outside the Executive
Branch engaged in historical research projects may be authorized access
to classified information or material provided that the head of the
originating Department determines that:
(1) T- 4c project and access sought conform to the requirements of
Section 12 of the Order.
(2) The information or material requested is reasonably accessible
and can be located and compiled with a reasonable amount of effort.
(3) The historical researcher agrees to safeguard the information or
material in a manner consistent with the Order and Directives there-
under.
(4) The historical researcher agrees to authorize a review of his
notes and manuscript for the sole purpose of determining that no classi-
fied information or material is contained therein.
An authorization for access shall be valid for the period-required but
no longer than two years from the date of issuance unless renewed under
regulations of the originating Department.
C. Access by Former Presidential Appointees. Persons who previously
occupied policy making positions to which they were appointed by the
President, other than those referred to in Section 11 of the Order, may
be authorized access to classified information or material which they
originated, reviewed, signed or received while in public office. Upon the
request of any such former official, such information and material as he
may identify shall be reviewed for declassification in accordance with
the provisions of Section 5 of the Order.
D. Consent of Originating Department to Dissemination by Recipi-
ent. Except as otherwise provided by Section 102 of the National Secu-
rity Act of 1947, 61 Stat. 495, 50 U.S.C. 403, classified information or
material originating in one Department shall not be disseminated outside
any other Department to which it has been made available without
the consent of the originating Department.
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 98-FRIDAY, MAY 19, 1972
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E. Dissemination of Sensitive Intelligence Information. Information
of material bearing the notation "WARNING NOTICE-SENSI-
TIVE INTELLIGENCE SOURCES AND METHODS IN-
VOLVED" shall not be disseminated in any manner outside authorized
channels without the permission of the originating Department and an
assessment by the senior intelligence official in the disseminating Depart-
ment as to the potential risk to the national security and to the intelligence
sources and methods involved.
F. Restraint on Special Access Requirements. The establishment of
special rules limiting access to, distribution and protection of classified
information and material under Section 9 of the Order requires the
specific prior approval of the head of a Department or his designee.
G. Accountability Procedures. Each, Department shall prescribe such
accountability procedures as are necessary to control effectively the dis-
semintaion of classified information or material. Particularly stringent
controls shall be placed on information and material classified Top Secret.
(1) Top Secret Control Officers. Top Secret Control. Officers shall
be designated, as required, to receive, maintain current accountability
records of, and dispatch Top Secret material.
(2) Physical Inventory. A physical inventory of all Top Secret ma-
terial shall be made at least annually. As an exception, repositories stor-
ing large volumes of classified material, shall develop inventory lists or
other finding aids.
(3) Current Accountability. Top Secret and Secret information and
material shall be subject to such controls including current accountabil-
ity records as the head of the Department may prescribe.
(4) Restraint on Reproduction. Documents or portions of documents
containing Top Secret information shall not be reproduced without the
consent of the originating office.. All other classified material shall be re-
produced sparingly and any stated prohibition against reproduction shall
be strictly adhered to.
(5) Restraint on Number of Copies. The number of copies of docu-
ments containing classified information shall be kept to a minimum to
decrease the risk of compromise and reduce storage costs.
VII DATA INDEX SYSTEM
Each Department originating classified information or material shall
undertake to establish a data index system for Top Secret, Secret and
Confidential information in selected categories approved by the Inter-
agency Classification Review Committee as having sufficient historical or
other value appropriate for preservation. The index system shall contain
the following data for each document indexed : (a) Identity of classifier,
(b) Department of.origin, (c) Addressees, (d) Date of classification, (e)
Subject/Area, (f) Classification category and whether subject to or
exempt from the General. Declassification Schedule, (g) If exempt,
which exemption category is applicable, (h) Date or event set for declas-
sification, and (i) File designation. Information and material shall be
indexed into the system at the earliest practicable date during the course
Approved For Release 2002/01/10 : CIA-RDP76M00527R000700230055-9
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 37, NO. 98-FRIDAY, MAY 19, 7972
 of the calendar year in which it is produced and classified, or in any event
Approved EcarRe1e*A11r31410210311Qc:sf~7y~ ?9W-9
undertake to establish such a data index system no later than July 1,
1973, which shall index the selected categories of information and ma-
terial produced and classified after December 31, 1972_
The provisions of the Order and this Directive with regard to dis-
semination, transmission, or safekeeping of classified information or ma-
terial may be so modified in connection with combat or combat-related
operations as the Secretary of Defense may by regulations prescribe.
IX INTERAGENCY CLASSIFICATION REVIEW COMMITTEE
A. Composition of Interagency Committee. In accordance with Sec-
tion 7 of the Order, an Interagency Classification Review Committee
is established to assist the National Security Council in monitoring im-
plementation of the Order. Its membership is comprised of senior repre-
sentatives of the Departments of State, Defense, and Justice, theAtomic
Energy Commission, the Central Intelligence Agency, the National
Security Council staff, and a Chairman designated by the President.
B. Meetings and Sta ff.' The Interagency Committee shall meet regu-
larly, but no less frequently than on a monthly basis, and take such ac-
tions as are deemed necessary to insure uniform compliance with the
Order and this Directive. The Chairman is authorized to appoint an
Executive Director, and to maintain a permanent administrative staff.
C. Interagency Committee's Functions. The Interagency. Committee
shall carry out the duties assigned it by Section 7(A) of the Order. It
shall place particular emphasis on overseeing compliance with and imple-
mentation of the Order and programs established thereunder by each
Department. It shall seek to develop means to (a) prevent overclassifica-
tion, (b) ensure prompt declassification in accord with the provision of
the Order, (c) facilitate access to declassified material and (d) eliminate
unauthorized disclosure of classified information.
D. Classification Complaints. Under such procedures as the Inter-
agency Committee may prescribe, it shall consider and take action on
complaints from persons within or without the government with respect to
the general administration of the Order including appeals from denials by
Departmental Committees or the Archivist of declassification requests.
X DEPARTMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT
A. Action Programs. Those Departments listed in Section 2 (A) and
(B) of the Order shall insure that adequate personnel and funding are
provided for the purpose of carrying out the Order and Directives
thereunder.
B. Departmental Committee. All suggestions and complaints, includ-
ing those regarding overclassification, failure to declassify, or delay in de-
classifying not otherwise resolved, shall be referred to the Departmental
Committee for resolution. In addition, the Departmental Committee shall
review all appeals of requests for records under Section 522 of Title 5
FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 37, NO. 98-FRIDAY, MAY 19,- 1972
Approved For Release 2002/01/10 : CIA-RDP76M00527R000700230055-9
 AppdJ?Jd ~Ps4i~~rt~Szri~~ct~~~i s055-9
on their continued classification tinder the Order.
C. Regulations and Reports. Each Department shall submit its pro-
posed implementing regulations of the Order and Directives thereunder
to the Chairman of the Interagency Classification Review Committee for
approval by the Committee. Upon approval such regulations shall be
published in the FEDERAL REGISTER to the extent they affect the general
public. Each Department shall also, submit to the said Chairman (1)
copies of the record lists required under Part I.D. hereof by July 1, 1972
and thereafter quarterly, (2) quarterly reports of Departmental Com-
mittee actions on classification review requests, classification abuses and
unauthorized disclosures, and (3) provide progress reports on informa-
tion accumulated in the data index system established under Part VII
hereof and such other reports as said Chairman may find necessary for
the Interagency Classification Review Committee to carry out its respon-
sibilities.
D. Administrative Enforcement. The Departmental Committees shall
have responsibility for recommending to the head of the respective
Departments appropriate administrative action to correct abuse or viola-
tion of any provision of the Order or Directives thereunder, including
notifications by warning letter, formal reprimand, and to the extent per-
mitted by law, suspension without pay and removal. Upon receipt of such
a recommendation the head of the Department concerned shall act
promptly and advise the Departmental Committee of his action.
Publication and Effective Date: This Directive shall be published in
the FEDERAL REGISTER and become effective June 1, 1972
gENRY A. KISSINGER,
Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs.
MAY 17, 1972.
APPENDIX A
PROTECTION OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION
A. Storage of Top Secret. Top Secret information and material shall be stored in
a safe or safe-type steel file container having a built in three-position dial-type com-
bination lock, vault, or vault-type room, or other storage facility which meets the
standards for Top Secret established under the provisions of (C) below, and which
minimizes the possibility of unauthorized access to, or the physical theft of, such
information or material.
B. Storage of Secret or Confidential. Secret and Confidential material may be
stored in a manner authorized for Top Secret information and material, or in a con-
tainer or vault which meets the standards for Secret or Confidential, as the case may
be, established under the provisions of (C) below.
C. Standards for Security Equipment. The General Services Administration shall,
in coordination with Departments originating classified information or material,
establish and publish uniform standards, specifications and supply schedules for con
tainers, vaults, alarm systems and associated security devices suitable for the storage
and protection of all categories of classified information and material. Any Depart-
ment may establish for use within such Department more stringent standards. When-
ever new security equipment is procured, it shall be in conformance with the foregoing
standards and specifications and shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be of the
type designated on the Federal Supply Schedule, General Services Administration.
D. Exception to Standards for Security Equipment. As an exception to (C) above,
Secret and Confidential material may also be stored in a steel filing cabinet having a
built in, three-position, dial-type combination lock; or a steel filing cabinet equipped
with a steel lock bar, provided it is secured by a GSA approved changeable com-
bination padlock.
Approved lfgl~sr/Os~/ IAF-jQV7k0W3~000700230055-9
 Approveld for Releasei,2DO2u1f 1110secCi4-RD tr74U00527cROO0700,2x'&( 055-9
only by persons having appropriate security clearance, and shall be changed when-
ever such equipment is placed in use, whenever a person knowing the combination
is transferred from the office to which the equipment is assigned, whenever a combi-
nation has been subjected to possible compromise, and at least once every year.
Knowledge of combinations shall be limited to the minimum number of persons
necessary for operating purposes. Records of combinations shall be classified no
lower than the highest category of classified information or material authorized for
storage in the security equipment concerned.
F. Telecommunications Conversations, Classified information shall not be revealed
in telecommunications conversations, except as may be authorized under Appendix B
with respect to the transmission of classified information over approved communica-
tions circuits or systems.
G. Responsibilities of Custodians. Custodians of classified material shall be responsi-
ble for providing protection and accountability for such material at all times and
particularly for locking classified material in approved security equipment whenever
it is not in use or under direct supervision of authorized persons. Custodians shall
follow procedures which insure that unauthorized persons do not gain access to
classified information or material by sight or sound, and classified information shall
not be discussed with or in the presence of unauthorized persons.
TRANSMISSION OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION
A. Preparation and Receipting. Classified information and material shall be en-
closed in opaque inner and outer covers before transmitting. The inner cover shall
be a. sealed wrapper or envelope plainly marked with the assigned classification and
address. The outer cover shall be sealed and addressed with no indication of the classi-
fication of its contents. A receipt shall be attached,to or enclosed in the inner cover,
except that Confidential material shall require a receipt only if the sender deems it
necessary. The receipt shall identify the sender, addressee, and the document, but shall
contain no classified information. It shall be signed by the recipient and returned to
the sender.
B. Transmission of Top Secret. The transmission of Top Secret information and
material shall be effected preferably by oral discussions in person between the officials
concerned. Otherwise the transmission of Top Secret information and material shall
he by specifically designated personnel, by State Department diplomatic pouch, by a
messenger-courier system especially created for that purpose, over authorized com-
munications circuits in encrypted form or by other means authorized by the National
Security Cobncil; except that in the case of information transmitted by the Federal
Bureau of Investigation, such means of transmission may be used as are approved by the
Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, unless express reservation to the contrary
is made in exceptional cases by the originating Department.
C. Transmission of Secret. The transmission of Secret material shall be effected in
the following manner.
. (1) The Fifty States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico. Secret information and
material may be transmitted within and between the forty-eight contiguous states and
District of Columbia, or wholly within the State of Hawaii, the State of Alaska, or the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico by one of the means authorized for Top Secret infor-
mation and material, the United States Postal Service registered mail and protective
services provided by the United States air or surface commercial carriers under such
conditions as may be prescribed by the head of the Department concerned.
(2) Other Areas, Vessels, Military Postal Services, Aircraft. Secret information
and material may be transmitted from or to or within areas other than those specified
in (1) above, by one of the means established for Top Secret information and mate-
rial, captains or masters of vessels of United States registry under contract to a De-
partment of the Executive Branch, United States registered mail through Army,
Navy or Air Force Postal Service facilities provided that material does not at any time
pass out of United States. citizen control and does not pass through a foreign postal
system, and commercial aircraft under charter to the United States and military or
other government aircraft.
(3) Canadian Government Installations. Secret information and material may be
transmitted between United States Government or Canadian Government installations,
or both, in the forty-eight contiguous states, Alaska, the District of Columbia and
Canada by United States and Canadian registered mail with registered mail receipt.
(4) Special Cases. Each Department may authorize the use of the United States
Postal Service registered mail outside the forty-eight contiguous states, the District of
Columbia, the State of Hawaii, the State of Alaska, and the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico if warranted by security conditions and essential operational requirements
provided that the material does not at any time pass out of United States Government
arid United States citizen control and does not pass through a foreign postal system.
Approved For W56ENUM0'Vf1 Ar, 6A441P 110MOO 27ROOM00230055-9
 THE PRESIDENT
Approved rg,!-5 ;%~~ 2/Pal/ Arifir7en iaRDP716M0052JROOQa105 23(055-9
transmitted within the forty-eight contiguous states and the District of Columbia,
o: wholly within Alaska, Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a United
States possession, by one of the means established for. higher classifications, or by
certified or first class mail. Outside these areas, Confidential information and material
shall be transmitted in the same manner as authorized for higher classifications.
E. Alternative Transmission of Confidential. Each Department having authority
to classify information or material as "Confidential" may issue regulations author-
izing alternative or additional methods for the transmission of material classified
"Confidential" outside of the Department. In the case of material originated by
another agency, the method of transmission must be at least as secure as the trans-
mission procedures imposed by the originator.
F. Transmission Within a Department. Department regulations governing the
preparation and transmission of classified information within a Department shall
ensure a degree of security equivalent to that prescribed above for transmission out-
side the Department.
(FR Doc.72-7713 Filed 5-17-72;5:04 pm]
10065
Approved FqK ge jjQ0,4Q1j~,Otli)C t T6M f~7y 00700230055-9
 APPENDIX
Approved For Release 2002/01/10 : CIA-RDP76M00527R00070023 0D5-9
MW Copies of the Interagency Classification Review Committee standard
quarterly report forms are attached. They are:
SF 321, "Mandatory Declassification Review Requests",
FSN 7540-118-1179
SF 322, "National Security Information or Material -
Classification Abuses", FSN?7540-118-1188
SF 323, "National Security Information and Material -
Unauthorized Disclosures", FSN 7540-118-1190
SF 324, "Quarterly Summary Report to the Interagency
Classification Review Committee", FSN 7540-118-1197
There is no standard report form for the quarterly report of
authorized classifiers.
Approved For Release 2002/01/10 : CIA-RDP76M00527R000700230055-9
 Approved For Release 2002/01/10: CIA-RDP76M00527R000700230055-9
NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION OR MATERIAL PERIOD ENDING (Day, Month. Yen,) Vo rrco er tDepanmrat a. geeuy/ PaeE
-1
MANDATORY DECLASSIFICATION REVIEW REQUESTS /
OP _
~`' R E 0 U E S T S REVIEW, COORDINATI CtV PROCEDURAL DEPARTMENTAL ACTION APPEAL TO DEPARTMENTAL CIXvMI TTEE FEES
AND REFERRAL DENIAL
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