REVOLUTION IN RUSSIA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP58-00597A000100240073-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 17, 2004
• Sequence Number: 73
• Publication Date: July 22, 1954
• Content Type: OPEN

'lit ppr`oved"P 1 Adi0010024b073-7
reco ex' ding the ;admission of these,,
delegates is hamperirl, and sabotaging
the that so many of us are trying
to do in exposing the, real truth about
international communsm, the real truth
about conditions behind the Iron,
the real truth about the world
menace we face today at home and
abroad,
I am not crying "treason, treason"
when I speak so. I am not accusing
either the National Council of Churches
of Christ, of which my own church is a
member, or the State Department of be-
ing infiltrated with Communists who
have engineered this accomplishment.
But I do say that there are those in au-
thority in both places who are blinded
by their naivete, who stubbornly refuse
to face the facts, who persist in an in-
comprehensible course of nonre;llism.
Those of whom I speak are persons, es-
pecially in the State Department, who
should know better than to persist in
this foolish attempt at peaceful coexist-
ence and cooperation with international
communism and its disciples. As our
speaker said on July 9: "What possible
chance is there for coexistence of this
outlaw conspiracy alongside a civiliza-
tion based on truth, trust, and faith, on
freedom and the individual dignity of
man"?
Mr. Speaker and Members of the
House, certain of my colleagues and I
recently spoke in our minority report on
the mutual security program of the need
for this country to exercise a spiritual
and a moral leadership worthy of a great
heritage and a great people. I stand
here before you and say that a compro-
mise with evil which admits tl}ese Com-
munist delegates to our ?shores in the
name of organized ref ion, that such a
compromise is an negation of that
moral leadership, is the entire anti-
Communist wg~rrd is looking to us to pro-
vide. And (ay shame on any who have
lent therlves to the practice of this
/Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, when a
Russian diplomat or a Red spy is chosen
to operate inside the free world, his
loyalty to communism has met all the
incredibly thorough checking of the
? Reds.
After 12 successful missions behind the
Iron Curtain, author-lecturer John Mor-
ley said:
No one is approved for clearance outside
Russia unless his record and credentials are
checked and rechecked by one of the most
secret departments of the Soviet Union.
And he concluded:
So when one of these "approved" Reds
voluntarily escapes to the West, it's a sure
sign that something critical is brewing be-
hind the Iron Curtain.
Does this mean there are some weak-
nesses in the Soviet empire that may be
exploited by the Free World for ultimate.
victory in the struggle against Com-
munistaggression?
Very definitely-if there is substance
to data filtering out by devious channels
from behind the Iron Curtain which I
am summarizing today. Naturally, it
is impossible to recheck the sources of
this information, and I do not certify its
accuracy. My purpose is to lay it be-
fore you for your own evaluation.
However, important confirmation of
much previously unsubstantiated intelli-
gence was made in a dramatic fashion
recently by one of these "approved" Red
escapees. He is Nikolai Khokhlov, a
former Soviet secret police agent,
Sent to West Berlin to murder an im-
portant foe of the Soviet regime, Khokh-
lov instead surrendered to his intended
victim. On May 21 of this year Senator
WILLIAM E. JENNER'S International Se-
curity Subcommittee Investigating So-
viet Assassination and Terrorism inter-
viewed him.
Here in part, are his responses to
questions by Senator JENNER and the
subcommittee's chief counsel, Charles P.
Grimes:
Mr. GRIMES. Now, it is true, is it not, that
you have been an officer of the MGB for some
13 years?
Mr, KHOKHLOV. I was a collaborator, that
is, a worker with the MGB, and the officer's
rank I have had since 1950, since September
1950.
Mr. GRIMES. Now, what is the MGB and its
predecessor, the NKVD, will you please
explain?
Mr. KHOKBLOV. The MGB is a service which
is engaged in the affairs of intelligence and
counterintelligence. This service is engaged
in sending agents abroad and in countering
the activities of enemy agents.
When this organization exists alone, its
name is MOB. When this organization is
merged into a ministry of internal affairs,
then its identity, or the name is lost, and it
becomes a part of either MVD, or as it was
NKVD.
Mr. GRIMES. NKVD was the original name?
Mr. KHOKIILOV. Before that, there was also
another name, NKGB, which actually was the
same.
Mr. GRIMES. Did you belong to any particu-
lar branch of the MGB?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes.
Mr. GRIMES. What branch was that?
Mr. KHOxHLOV. During the war, the name
of this service was the Fourth Administra-
tion. Then its official function was the
partisan, that is the guerrilla warfare, with
the Germans..
After the war, the name of this service was
changed to the Bureau No. 1. It was stated
officially that the purpose -of this bureau was
preparation for training for the future parti-
san warfare.
In 1953, this service once again was re-
named, and this time it was known as the
Ninth Section.
However, it is known to me for certain
that the real purpose of this organization for
all this period was diversionary activities and
terroristic work for the Soviet benefit abroad.
Mr. GRIMES. Will you please describe what
the terroristic activities abroad consisted of?
Mr. KHOKIILOV. In the official language of
the MGB, official terminology of the MGB,
the term "terroristic activities" means the
implementation of directions dealing with
the assassinations or murder of individual
persons.
Mr. GRIMES. And what does the phrase
"diversionary activities" mean as used by the
Soviet Government and your agency and de.
partment?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Diversionary activities in-
clude sabotage, organization of explosions,
fires, in harbors and other installations, and
the sabotage In plants, destruction of differ-
ent types of war prdouction, throwing bombs
in various cities in order to create panic,
this is basically all.
The CHAIRMAN. Now, I want to ask how
extensive is this organization of MGB? In
how many countries is it operated to your
knowledge?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. This is a very extensive
organization, and one could say it covers all
countries.
The CHAIRMAN. I want to ask it they have
an American desk, this terrorist organiza-
tion?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes, within this organiza.
tion, there is a certain section which is en.
gaged in work on America.
The CHAIRMAN. Are you a member of the
MGB?
Mr. KHOIcHLOV. I am an officer of MGB.
The CHAIRMAN. Are you now?
Mr. $HOKHLOV. No; not since, the moment
of defection, I'am not or have not been an
officer.
The CHAIRMAN. Did you refuse to carry out
an assignment to commit murder?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes; I refused, I never per-
formed the assignments to murder.
The CHAIRMAN. Why?
Mr, KHOKHLOV. Because I consider that
the murder or assassination is a crime
against religion and conscience.
Mr. GRIMES. Would you please state the
events from the time that you received this
assignment, where you received it, when you
received it, and who gave you this assign-
ment?
Mr. KHOxHLOV. I received an assignment
on the organization for the assassination
of Okolovich in the beginning of October
1953.
Mr. GRIMES, Who was Okolovich?
Mr. KHOKHLov. One of the leaders of the
emigre movement known as NTS.
The CHAIRMAN. What does NTS stand for?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. National Labor Work Alli-
ance.
Mr. GRIMES. Is it really an alliance of
workers, or is it something else?
Mr. KHOnHLOV. No; this alliance unites
the most diversified strata of people.
Mr. GRIMES. AFe they all emigres from
Russia?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes.
Mr. GRIMES. What is their purpose?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. To carry out a revolution
in Russia and to replace the present regime
with the one that would be more free.
Mr. GRIMES. Has this organization been in
existence, to your knowledge, since the 1930's?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes; approximately since
that period.
Mr. GRIMES. Is it a large organization in.
aofar as you know?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes; It is a large organ-
ization.
Mr. GRIMES. What is the bads of your
knowledge of this organization?
Mr. KHOKRLOV. The data that are in the
possession of the MGB and the data that
was given to me for my knowledge by my
superiors.
Mr. GRIMES. And you had to study it in-
tensively; did you not?
Mr. I{HOKHLov. Yes.
Mr. GRIMES. Mr. Khokhlov, you have tes-
tified about your assignment to head the
assassination group of Mr. Okolovich and
your study of the dossier of the NTS.
Did not the dossier presented to you as a
preliminary step also contain a file on
Okolovich himself?
Mr. KHoxHLOV. Yes, there was a special
dossier on Okolovich in this file which gave
detailed information covering all aspects of
Okolovich's personal life to the extent which
was known to Soviet Intelligence Service.
Mr. GRIMES. Did you learn from that file,
or otherwise, of previous attempts made
against Mr. Okolovich and Mrs. Okolovich?
Mr. KHOKHLov. Yes, I knew, the whole
story, the complete story of attempts to
assassinate Okolovich and also atempts to
kidnap him.
Mr. GRIMES. Had there been an attempt to
kidnap his wife also, do you know?
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W. KHoKHLov. No; they did not make any
attempts to kidnap his wife. It was merely
planned to kill her in case she' interfered.
Mr. GRIMES. Not to kidnap; just to kill her
if necessary; is that it?
Mr. KHo HLOV. Yes, precisely.
Mr. GRIMES. Now, will you tell us, please,
about this assignment, starting with when
you first received word that this was to be
your assignment?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. This assignment as given
to me at first by my direct superior, Colonel
Studnikov.
Mr. GRIMES. And who in turn was his
superior?
Mr. KHOKLOv. Panyushkin.
Mr. GRIMES. Panyushkin was the former
Ambassador to the United States of America
from Soviet Russia; is that correct?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes; this is precisely so.
Mr. GRIMES. And you know that to be the
same man who was our Ambassador here
for some 5 years?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes; this was the story
mentioned within the ministry.
Mr. GRIMES. Now, what precisely was your
assignment as given you by Studnikov?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Studnikov told me that I
am given an assignment to organize a liqui-
dation of one of the most distinguished Rus-
sian emigres, who was the most dangerous
enemy of the Soviet power.
I myself was categorically forbidden to
assassinate him personally, inasmuch as I
was the leader of this operation, the organ-
ization of the assassination. I was supposed
to recruit two German agents to carry out
the assassination. These men were to be
selected from the personnel of the agents
whom we had available in Eastern Germany.
Furthermore, I had to prepare the docu-
zeents for them, to prepare the story for
them, and order the weapons for them, and
take steps to organize their trip to Frank-
furt.
Furthermore, I was supposed to give them
instructions as to how the plan should be
implemented. I was supposed to give them
instruction as to how approximately the
deed had to be carried out.
For this purpose, several agents of Eastern
Germany, and those who were in Western
Germany, were given to me for my disposal.
I had to send them to collect information
and data on Okolovich and for taking pic-
tures of the place of Okolovich's residence.
Such was the basic assignment in its main
parts. As to the details; I had to work them
out myself.
Mr. GRIMES. Now, in connection with that,
were you given a file on the NTS to study?
Mr. KiiozHLov. Yes; so that I would have
the precise idea as to what this organization
is.
Mr. GRIMES. Now based upon the file which
you were given to study, in connection with
this assassination assignment, what did you
discover as to the purposes and effectiveness
of the NTS, the National Labor Alliance?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. On the basis of my study
of the material that was in the file that was
turned over to me, and on the basis of the
so-called briefing which was issued on the
5th of November 1953, I could come to a
conclusion that MOB, in this particular case,
considers that the NTS is a very strong
organization in carrying its fight against the
Soviet Union.
Mr. GRIMES. According to that informa-
tion, do they carry on their fight against the
Soviet Union preliminarily, as you have testi-
fied, to an ultimate revolution?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. NTS has a large volume of
propaganda literature, such as bulletins, in-
dividual sheets, newspapers, and books,
which it disseminates in the territory of the
Soviet Union and the countries of people's
democracy.
Mr. GRIMES. Based upon your intelligence
Information, how do they get it into Russia?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. They have their own cells
find that is small organizations within the
ranks of the Soviet Army and in the Soviet
Union. For liaison with these cells, the NTS
sends a large number of couriers regularly
who cross the frontier and go to both the
territory of the Soviet Union and the terri-
tory of the so-called countries of people's
democracy.
Mr. GRIMES. Does he mean the satellite
countries?
Mr. SEREDRENNIKOV (the interpretor). Yes.
of course.
Mr. GRIMES. Apart from the many couriers
which you have testified crossed the Russian
border in behalf of the NTS to bring propa-
ganda leaflets and other items of propaganda
in, do they use the method of balloons to
convey propaganda messages into Russia and
into their cells within Russia?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. This method has been
written up in the newspapers, but this
method was not a subject of the investiga-
tion on the part of the MGB.
The MGB was interested in the work of
agents, and the data on the activities of the
agents I had in great quantity.
Mr. GRIMES. Were some of the agents of
the NTS who crossed the border and went
into Soviet Russia apprehended?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes, a certain number
and a certain part, certain agents were tried
officially; and other agents just peHshed
without a trace behind the prison walls of
the MGB.
Mr. GRIMES. What position did Okolovich
occupy in the NTS?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. He was a leader of the so-
called activities, which can also be translated
as secret activities.
Mr. GRIMES. Will you describe the closed
or secret activities?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. First of all, this work con-
sisted Hof sending personnel, which means
that first you had to select, to train them,
and to train them in work, and to instill in
them the spirit of the organization, and
finally to brief them and to train them as
to how they can accomplish the task with
which they are charged.
Mr. GRIMES. To send the personnel into
Russia itself, as well as the satellite coun-
tries?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes; also into Russia It-
self.
Mr. GRIMES. In a sense he, then, was in
charge of the secret police of the NTS oper-
ating in very much the same manner that
your branch operated for the Soviet Govern-
ment; is that not so?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. He was the head and the
soul of all secret intelligence work directed
against the Soviet Union.
Mr. GRIMES. In a sense he was a sort of an
opposite number of Panyushkin?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Only with the great dif-
ference in their purposes, of course.
The CHAIRMAN. Panyushkin was an assas-
sin and Okolovich was a propagandist; is
that correct?
Mr. KHOKHLOv. This is precisely so.
Mr. GRIMES. Is it a fact that the Soviet
Government very much fears the operations
of the NTS?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. This is an absolutely exact
,fact.
The CHAIRMAN. What they really fear is
the fact that they, the NTS, are Russian
emigrees, who have turned against Russia?
Mr. KHOKHLOV. Yes, of course; this is the
most fearful thing for them, because this is
the movement of the Russian people.
As evidenced by Khokhlov's testimony,
NTS is an alliance of anti-Communist in-
dividuals and organizations. Extremists,
moderates, and conservatives are all wel-
comed into the common cause.
As a consequence, NTS sometimes has
been the target of criticism for the crack-
pot views of some of its members on sub-
jects unrelated to liberating the people
of Russia from the Soviet regime. 'Un-
biased observers indicate, however, that
NTS sticks to this primary objective
with a remarkable singleness of purpose.
They likewise feel that its secondary ob-
jective, establishing a democratic gov-
ernment adapted to Russian conditions
and needs, is safe from extremist influ-
ences.
NTS has a following on both sides of
the Iron Curtain. Its ideological basis is
said to be Christian morals and recogni-
tion of human individuality. However,
it is revolutionary in character because,
knowing the nature of the Communist
regime, it believes that nothing short of
a revolution will destroy it. The NTS
also believes that nothing short of a rev-
olution carried out by the victimized
people themselves will expose the nature
of communism to the world.
Its program of action is:
First. To reduce the idea of revolt to
terms generally understood and accepted
by the people.
Second. To instruct the people how to
fight; to develop leaders; and to speed
up the formation of a revolutionary at-
mosphere.
Third. When the time is ripe, to over-
throw the Reds and to substitute a dem-
ocratic government.
To carry out this task, NTS has devel-
oped and put into practice a strategic
plan adapted to conditions in a totali-
tarian state. It seeks to train and build
a strong body of devoted and experienced
revolutionary leaders to spearhead the
revolt.
By various methods of underground
propaganda the "molecular theory" of
revolt described by Khokhlov is carried
out. Individuals are encouraged to en-
roll in an organization, the members of
which are unknown to each other except
for cells or molecules of 2 or 3 trusted
friends. One member only of each cell
is known to one member only of another
cell. As indicated by the testimony, to
attain common aims and act uniformly,
NTS couriers are in constant touch with
these cells, passing along carefully
planned instructions from revolutionary
headquarters.
Aside from minor acts of defiance
which can be carried on without too
much risk, the present major effort by
these cells is the enlistment of like-
minded, trustworthy individuals into
new cells. The effort is stimulated by
tracing symbols and slogans of the NTS
on walls, railroad cars, and the like. In
this manner individuals predisposed to
throw off the Red regime are made aware
that they are not alone. Moreover, the
sight of such signs proves to the citizen
that an act of defiance against the Gov-
ernment was committed with impunity.
He realizes that anyone who takes ele-
mentary precautions can do the same
without much risk of detection.
Since these symbols express a partic-
ular set of ideas and political principles,
their constant appearance helps to or-
ganize thought and unite people into a
coordinated effort. By the surreptitious
tracing of an NTS symbol, the individual
is actually voting not only against the
regime, but for a determined and posi-
tive purpose.
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NTS believes it is creating inside Rus- It places every Red official in a tough Since success or failure of an eventual
sia a new and growing political force spot. Big or little, he is constantly wor- open revolt depends on the quality of
over which the Government has no con- ried as to how he should behave in order available leaders, NTS is said to direct
trol. The growth of such a force, they to avoid suspicion and eventual venge- much effort toward building up a large
Say, will instill a growing feeling of inse- ance from one of the rival factions.
curity in the ranks of Government sup-
and experiying hemin revolutionary lead-
Trained to demonstrate force
porters and reduce their efficiency. Thus through servility to his lori- pos and deploying them in strategical
a double-pronged process of strengthen- fication his seniors and go positions.
a d the resistance through united strengthen- of the supreme leader, he is at These elements are strictly forbidden
Inonary isand weakening a loss how to meet the new situation, to engage in any activities which could
Governments dicgatorial n the
He knows what would happen if he lead to premature disclosure of their
pression in by 's dict torng power of of s Ohe glorifies a loser. Thus the Soviet official anti-Communist connections. To re-
fs underway. its machinery is no longer as efficient a servant of the duce the danger of their exposure
NTS sees three basic stages In the regime as he used to be. His main pre- through betrayal they are isolated from
occupation is to survive. contact with other NTS elements behind
process of revolution against the The plight of members of the MGB- the Iron Curtain.
Kremlin: MVD secret police organizations is even Khokhlov brought with him to the
The first, longest, and least conspicu- worse than that of the ordinary Soviet Jenner committee hearings two sample
ous stage is the formation of these many, official. The purge of pro-Beria ele- NTS propaganda pieces which were in-
coordinated cells. ments continues. Old hands, according troduced into the record. One was a
The second is a transitional period in to word from behind the Iron Curtain, facsimile of a 100-ruble banknote on one
which the development of cells is ad- prefer to play it safe. They refuse to side to attract attention to the anti-
vanced enough to stir up some to open use their initiative and imagination. Soviet literature on the other side. The
outbursts against the Government, but Agents newly recruited to replace purged second was a handkerchief with a mes-
inadequate to support a general revolt. pro-Beria elements are generally inferior sage printed on one side. They show
NTS expects these outbursts to be sup- in quality and lack training and experi- the devious and various means NTS uses
pressed, but hopes such evidences of pop- ence. Their work is crude and unre- to spread its revolution propaganda
ular opposition will hurt the morale of liable, the police organization which is sup- behind the Iron Curtain. -
the
control them. As these out- Exposure to anti-Communist litera- If NT$ claims are true, its printed
posed grow scope and violence, the ture, which it is their duty to collect, propaganda barrage is a major effort in-
bursts in res of the ce the study, and criticize, also affects MVD deed. Distribution of 9,693,350 propa-
r ssivow police p
eere iv meanu less th less decisive. and MGB men. It is interesting to note ganda pieces is claimed during 1951, an-
The tto become
low
and final stage of general that Nikolai Khokhlov's tremendous re- other 11,220,000 pieces during 1952, and
revolt will d and when the country general spect for the NTS came almost entirely 17,847,130 during 1953. come
ripe rev a planned and organized general up- from his reading of the MGB dossiers on Some of the propaganda pieces are in
firing. the organization. This general weaken- ordinary, undisguised leaflet form, as
This analysis by the NTS is based on Ing of morale based on personal insecu- distinguished from the samples of dis-
the existing situation in Russia. Such a rite may help explain the unprecedented raised literature handed over by Kho-
the existing
trek of MVD and MGB desert
t
th
ers
o
as war would introduce en-
e khlov. They all contain basic informa-
West. tion relating strat-
tirely new factors calling for an entirely to the aims, nature, stoatnew strategy. Conscious both of this increasing nos- egy, and t tactics of the NTS. Two
Th
ere are some who believe events
behind the Iron Curtain already have
proceeded to the second, or transitional,
stage. As outward signs of rising popu-
lace resistance they cite (a) the reluc-
tance, and sometimes absolute refusal,
of Soviet troops to take repressive meas-
ures during the East German uprisings
in June, last year; (b) workers' strikes at
heavy industry centers in Russia; (c)
strikes, riots, and stubborn resistance to
the MVD by inmates in a number of
Soviet concentration camps; (d) sub-
versive activity by students' political
--
-
Ing in its police --- -----o-----_~. .... ,, .,rwy....i a aac va a Jimnar
apparatus, the Kremlin nature.
recently embarked on a policy of con- Brochures and books dealing with ide-
cessions. Since totalitarian governments ological, political, and tactical problems
cannot go far along the path of reform, and stories on revolutionary themes are
the effort backfired. bound inside innocent Soviet books, or
Soviet farmers began to spend more in the covers of Soviet books. Facsim-
time in their own backyards and worry ilies of major Soviet newspapers and
less about deliveries to the state. Soviet magazines, railroad timetables, and sim-
workers, disappointed with what they ilar publications containing concentrat-
got, in many cases struck for more and ed or scattered propaganda material also
actually got it because the MVD could are used.
not overcome their resistance. Amnesty Not only are such propaganda mate-
to a few of the millions held prisoner by riaas deli
d b
vere
y hand, dropped in public
organizations in Moscow, Leningrad, and the Reds encouraged a general demand places, and otherwise manually dis-
other large centers. Arrests were so from concentration-camp prisoners for tributed, but a number of mechanical
many, and rumors so widespread, that additional concessions, which again,'the devices and even balloons and rockets
the Kremlin had to break its curtain of MVD proved powerless to deal with ex- are used to gain wider clandestine dis-
silence and publish reports about them cept by mass executions. tribution and protect individual NTS
in its own newspapers, thereby acknowl- German prisoners of war who recently personnel from unnecessary risk. ,
edging the existence of active anti- completed sentences at some of these As another means of spreading its
communism amongst the younger gen- camps report that the strikers even views, NTS operates a mobile clandestine
eration. hoped the Americans would parachute radio station known as Radio Free
Stalin's death and the fall of Beria, it weapons to them. Although the con- Russia. It operates mainly on Soviet
is claimed, seriously undermined the centration camps subfnitted to force, shortwave frequencies.
hypnotic power of Soviet propaganda these returned prisoners of war say the Unlike the Voice of America, it is not
myths. The myths of the indestructible prisoners' resistance spirit has not been inhibited by any diplomatic considera-
unity of Stalin's loyal disciples of the broken. tions. invincibility of the MVD; and many NTC appears to be highly encouraged eight ha fen urtion tries to transmit
programs
others were exposed in all their absurd- by these events and claims a healthy Apart from such re
the
gular p every day. rograms, ity. People began to realize that the share of the credit for bringing them station interferes with Soviet radio pr
o-
monsters of the Kremlin and their MVD about. Based on what it feels it has so grams and butts in on radio conversa-
henchmen are but ordinary mortals after far accomplished, NTS is making stren- tions between pilots of Red planes as
all. uous efforts to engage as many more they patrol over Germany.
The struggle for power between Malen- individuals in its organization as pos- During maneuvers tank crews can
kov, Beria, and others following Stalin's sible. It seeks not only to draw civilians listen to it quite freely, and Radio Free
death, and still going on, is having its in its efforts, but boldly claims success Russia obligingly increases the number
debilitating effect on the Red machinery in establishing revolutionary cells in the of its "wild" programs for their special
of government another way, too. For Red Army itself
, benefit.
No. 138-8
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July 22
Deserters from the Red army claim them and now re the 90 percent rigid program is bad for the
the programs are very'e'ffective because our own freedoms. Nation, and worse for the farmers and people
it is the only radio station that teaches There is but one conclusion to be of New Jersey, and I regret that it has been
the soldier what he has to do and how reached from what I have placed before found wise even to compromise the issue. It
he has to act to protect himself from you: should be met head-on, and we should revert,
the MVD. Under present circumstances, we can after too long a delay, to the flexible pro-
The station is, of course, subject to gain victory over Communist world ag- gram which the Congress adopted 3 years
Soviet jamming, but it changes frequen- gression; we can gain that victory with- ago.
cies every 5 to 7 minutes, asking listeners out war; but only by channeling our most I propose, therefore, to support the com-
to try to relocate it by tuning. When it effective physical and moral support to promise embodied in the Harrison amend-
ment with a little bit of reluctance. I would
broadcasts on Soviet wavelengths; its expand the forces behind the Iron Cur- prefer to meet the issue directly, but I must
main objective is to throw in a slogan tain dedicated to the destruction of the remember that compromise is oftenthe es-
or a caustic remark during pauses in Soviet regime from within. sence of reasonable legislation.
That compromise passed, and I hope
Soviet programs whenever it has a,
Chance.
Not overlooking any possibilities to APPROPRIATIONS PROVIDE SOUND the Senate will come up soon with a bill ridicule the Soviet Government In the FARM PROGRAM-SOIL CONSER- as good or AGRICULTURE APPROPRIATIONS
eyes of its slaves, NTS engages in a run- VATION AND RESEARCH EMPHA- I want to Speak of
ning battle of wits with the MVD. One SIZED Todayanother, great however,
help to our total farmers,
of its most successful capers was pulled
off when the Soviet Government pur- Mr. HAND. Mr. Speaker, this Con- and that is the wise and generous action
chased a large well-advertised shipment gress, under the lead of President Eisen- of the Appropriations Committee and
of oranges from Italy. hower, has done and is doing a job which the Congress in dealing with money
Underground agents of the NTS op- will be approved by almost all farmers needed for a sound program of aid to
erating in Italy succeeded in placing in south Jersey. agriculture.
artistically made imitation oranges con- The House passed the farm bill, which On March 10, I had the privilege of
taining propaganda leaflets in a number marks the beginning of a flexible-sup- testifying before the House Committee
of the crates. port program, and the end, I hope, of on Agriculture Appropriations. I pre-
When the oranges were unloaded in the rigid program which has done great sented to them the views as I understand
Russia and prepared for delivery to disservice to agriculture generally, and them, of our local farmers and farm or-
retailers, the MVD was informed of the to our farmers in particular. ganizations. I was received with great
trick. I shall not here repeat the statement courtesy and consideration by the com-
It immediately had all the crates that I made to the House on July 1 in mittee, which approved our views.
opened and every orange out in half. It support of the amendment to start flex- Among other things, I protested the
had the satisfaction of fishing out every ible supports, and stop rigid supports, proposed reduction in field area offices.
single leaflet, but the population, instead except to emphasize two paragraphs of A part of my discussion with the chair-
of long-advertised oranges, received that speech. I then said: man follows:
small quantities of juice. A few grum- There are many thousands of farmers who, Mr. HAND. The third point that he makes
bled, but the majority chuckled. Ru- of course, are directly benefited by this ap- is, and I think possibly this might be almost
mors travel rapidly in a country where parently eternal guaranty of prosperity, but the most important, the proposed reduction
all news is censored. what is overlooked is the fact that there are in field area offices.
If only a small part of the "cloak and also many thousands of farmers who are not Mr. ANDERSEN. You are correct. It is the
benefited at all. The gentleman from Mas- most important.
dagger" story I have related is true, there sachusetts [Mr. HaSELTON] has called to Mr. HAND. As I understand it, the proposal
still remains ample evidence that revo- your attention the situation with respect to is to reduce the authorization from 326 to
lutionary processes are developing in the New England farmers. I call your attention 236.
Soviet world. to the fact that the so-called basic com- Mr. ANDERSEN. Furthermore, the proposal
These processes are a natural conse- modities in my State of New Jersey which is to increase the workload of each area of-
quence of the ideological, political, so- benefit from the present program of high, fice, Mr. HAND, from about 10 district units
cial, and economic bankruptcy of the rigid price supports represent 2 percent of to 14. Many of us feel that that will be too
the total cash receipts of farmers in our heavy a load.
Communist regime. Their development State. Mr. HAND. Yes, too heavy a load, and of
was inevitable; the call of freedom is in pf equal significance is that fact that our course it does not effect too much saving.
the heart of every enslaved person and poultry, egg, and dairy farmers, who together You might save some rent but I do not think
it is irresistible. represent 64 percent of the cash receipts in you save too much staff if you are going to
In short, this is the great weakness of New Jersey, are not only not benefited, but increase the staff.
the Soviet regime that can be exploited are adversely affected by this program. The Mr. ANDERSEN. As you know, in any of by that are sold in my district-one of the these programs you can spread supervision
b the free world to gain ultimate, final greatest egg-producing areas in this coun- so thin that it becomes ineffective.
victory over Communist world aggres- try-have to seek their support in the mar- Mr. HAND. That is one of the problems we
Sion. ket place, while the grains that my egg pro- are facing in my own area right now. The
Victory will not come easy, nor is It ducers have to buy are rigidly supported by supervision is good but it is spread too thin
likely to come as quickly as many would artificially high prices. to be effective and we do not get the services
like. The Soviet Government Is still The New Jersey Taxpayers Association has of the experts that are sent down as much
very strong and tenacious. It will fight urged my help to move Government away as we should. So that they have a grave
tooth and nail for survival. But there from rigid 90 percent support program and question about that. They make the point
is hardly anything the Kremlin can do the tremendous waste it has built up in un- that there has been in the past a consider-
internally to win the real support of the manageable surpluses. able reduction in these field offices and they
oppressed population. I wish there was time to quote in full the think it has been reduced about as much as
hand, many things can analysis of this serious and glowing problem it should be in order to continue with effec-
On the other which has been reported by the Council of tive service.
be done to encourage that populations' State Qhambers of Commerce. Mr. ANDERSEN. Just to complete the reek
active resistance to the regime. The dis-
semination The worst part of this rigid support pro- ord, I might say that the budget before us,
of truth from the free world 'gram and the resultant pileup of farm sur- Mr. HAND, does not contain sufficient money
through the Iron Curtain to these people pluses is that, if it is continued, it will react to staff these new soil-conservation districts
is basically no more than a technical most seriously against the farmer himself, which are to be brought into being in the
problem which can be solved by funds, The time will come when the American tax- " next fiscal year. Now, we think that is a mis-
equipment, and courage, payer and the American consumer will no take. We cannot expect the other soil-con-
longer tolerate a tax burden and the cost-of- servation districts to continually loan their
the h the most basic
coon and these peo- living burden which is imposed by a pro- manpower to the job in these new districts.
truths that we must to these gram which was essentially an incentive for Mr. HAND. From my limited knowledge, let
ple is that we o of the convey
free ee world'hava e no no wartime production, and not a perpetual me say I am in complete agreement with the
quarrel With the Soviet people them- guaranty of profits for the huge wheat, corn, chairman because it is on the level where the
selves-that our only objective is to free and cotton farmers at the expense of all the work is actually done that we must be care-
them from the tyranny that enslaves rest of us. ful to continue the work. That is correct.
Approved For Release 2004/03/11 : CIA-RDP58-00597A000100240073-7