THE U. S. DOCTRINAL PROGRAM, PSB D-33, JUNE 29, 1953

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01065A000200080013-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 1, 2000
• Sequence Number: 13
• Publication Date: June 29, 1953
• Content Type: MEMO

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DR4FT $ECTY INFORMATION COPY N0.
SECR,E~
Jun 2g, 19>3
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRATEGY BOARD
WASHINGTON ~5, D. C,
MEMORANDUM FOR TIDE PSYCIOLOGICAL STRATEGY BOARD:
SUBJECT: The U. S. Doctrinal Frogram, ~'SB D,33,
dune fig, 1g53
The attach?d revised draft of the U. S. Doctrinal program is
circulated for vote slip action at our earliest convenience. This
revised draft was prepared to incorporate the ret~rording desired by
the Department of State in the original panel. draft, circulated an
May ~, 1.g5,3, as PSB D-332. This revised dxa~'t has received the in-
formal concurrences of the departmental. representatives.
Annex "pB" will receive special handling and limited distribution
in aGCOrdanee with the wishes of the member agency principa,l,a.y concerned.
It a.s requested that the copies of the prior draft of the U. S.
Doctrinal Program,, PSB D-33/2, May 5, 1853, be returned to me for
destruction. 25X1 A
Enclosure:
PSB D-33, "U.S. Doctrrinal
Prc~rtun.,n4J~e ~9s l~)53,
Copy No,
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PSB D..33
June 2g, 1953
~sycxal;oalc~.z, STI~.TEGY BOARD
t-JkSxzTIGTON 25 ~ D. C,
U.S. DOC'i'RIN1~L PROGRAM
(FpR HO1~,R.D APPROVAL)
SECURITY INFORTU~TION 1
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`~~?~tC E,~ Jun 29, 1953
I,~:., Ss..,,~,OC~fi,TN1~L PR, O,~RAN
1. Psycholo~ical. Qb~,iectives far a U. ~Docl Pro . am
(a) The U.S. Dactrin~~. Program (e.a defined in Annex "A") will seek,
by providing permanent literature and by festering long-term intellectual
movements, which t~r~.ll appeal to intellectuals, including scholars and opin-
ion-forming groups, ~to:
(1) breal~ dawn world-wide doctrinaire thought patterns which
have provided an intellectual basis for Canx~~unism and other
doctrines hostile to American and Free World objectives.
(2) foster a world-eaide understanding and sympathetic acce~-
tance of the traditions and viewpoints of .~morica and the
Free World.
(b) The U.S: Aoctr~,na1 Program (as defined in Annex "A") will seek
to achieve the follot~ri,ng results:
(1) increase among target groups a realistic understanding of
the Communist threat.
(2) further general understanding and encourage acceptance for
the traditions and viewpoints of the U. S. and the Free
~~or1d.
(3} pave the way far deviations from, and schisms in, totals-
tartan thought patterns by stimulating intellectual curiosity
and freo thought an political, scientific and economic sub-
jecta.
(4) create con#'usion, doubts and lass of confidence in the
accepted thought patterns of convinced Communists, captive
careerists, including the ms.na;gorial and military groups,
and others under Communist influence susceptible to doc-
trinal appeals.
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Jun 29, 1853
(5) weaken objectively the intellectual appeal of other doc-
trines which may be hostile or inimical to American ob-
jectivea, e.g., e~ctreme nationalism in some areas, dan-
gerous neutralism in others, ar rampant rac~.a~.ism, and to
foster among such adherents a basic understanding of the
traditions- of .America and the Tree World.
2. Basic Principles
(a) A fundamental characteristic of America and the Free r'orld is
the diversity of its doctrines and philosophies. The U. S. Doctrinal
Program does not envisa;e an attempt to channel these diversities into
one particular doctrine, but the Program is an effort to develop a means
to make better known to the specific target groups the traditions and
.viewpoints of America and the Free ~Jorld.
(b) To be effective, this U.S. Doctrinal Program requires the int~.r
departmental development ofx
(l) long-range plans far the production and distribut:ton of
intellectual materials and fox the direction of activi-
ties aimed separately and concurrently at appealing to
intellectuals, including scholars and opinion-forming
groups.
(2) rovocative and stimulating doctrinal materials which cri.ti-
tally and effectively analyze Communist doctrines, a s well
as those objectively sUtting forth the viewpoints of
America and the Free World.
(3) improve distribution mechanisms for permanent literatures
not only American, but also .foreign materials.
(c) Government control over the production of most avert material
will be kept to the minimum. Control aver the prod~.~etion of other lTia-
terials must be f~.e~tible and not restrictive.
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Jun 29, 1953
3. Summarized Basie Taska
(a) This U, S. Doctrinal Program, which does nat seek to influence
the American peoples requires a practical effort to develop and circulate
materials which, in their entirety or with minor modifications, can be
widely distributed with the e~cpeetation that they wi].3. have a favorable
effect on individuals interested in doctrinal matters.
(b) The following planning tasks are not listed in order of priority.
Th?y indicate to the participating departments and agencies what cot~7.d
be included in their implementing doctrinal plans. These tasks are only
the minimum activities to be undertaken in their implerenting plans:
(c} De~artmen~~ State and~'o,,,,~;the a enc inheri'tin,~?the~.nformation
ra ram
(1) All facilities will bs employed, as feasible, to support
and further this doctrinal programs e.g.r
(a) In activities already in operation, consideration
should be given to increasing the doctrinal aspects
of information tirork;
(1~) increased doctrinal materials in Va~~ broadcasts,
particularly for publicizing and promoting inter
est in doctrinal matters.
(?) increased documentation and basic interpretations
in periodicals, especially native language jouxnals
25X1C on doctrinal subjects.
(!~) increased attention to doctrinal subjects in aca-
demic conventions, student conferences, study
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Jun 2g, 1953
grqups, cultural workshops, etc., sponsored by
the information program abroad.
{~) in selecting individuals in the Exehanga of Persons
Program, special attention should be given to those
who could be expected to have influence in the dac-
txinal field (47rit?rs, teachers, labor leaders,
etc.).
(b) The follot~ring additional steps should be undert~'~ken:
(1) escapees from the Iron Curtain should be encouraged
to provide materials suitable for doctrinal purposes
(2) rev~.ew of present med~.a guarantee programs and
consideration of an improved bank diatxibution
plan.
{3} missions abroad should be informed of the doctrinal
program and instructed to assist its implementa-
tion:
(a) through making qualified peraor~el avail-
able, when possible and appropriate, far
public diucussions of doctrinal subjects
and for liaison on doctrinal matters with
1oca1 institutions; and
(b) through regular reports and analyses of doc-
trinal developments in foreign countries.
(tom) cultural and corcunercial attaches should seek
means of fostering increased markets abroad for
American publications of a doctrinal nature.
(d) Central Inte~,~.3.,~ence A~enc~r
The Agency will give high and continuing priority to-all activi-
ties supporting the objectives of this pragx?am. (CZA ~ s tk~,sic
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DRAFT SECURITY INFORMATION PSB D-33
ES CRET
Sun 29, 1953
tasks axe presented in a separate Annex "B" of limited dis-
tribution.)
Department of defense
(1.) All facilities will be employed, as feasible, to support
and further th~.s doctrinal program, e.g.,
(a) Doctrinal background will be given in all service
schools for officers and enlisted personnel. Organi-
zations and units will be provided doctrinal materials
thraugh',S~E activity.
(b) Troop recreational. libraries, armed forces editions
and soldiers' publications, from the comic to the
tame, will include doctrinal matters.
(c) Eaah service will incorporate doctrinal aspects into
its strategl.e and tactical planning in the psycho-
logical warfare field. Corollary military activities,
e.g., escape and evasion, and protective indoctrination
in case of capture, wi11 empJ.oy doctrinal Materials.
(d) American POW camps, in recreations]., informational and
educat~,onal work, will incorporate doctrinal materials.
(e) Planning for occupied areas will recognize and take
steps to incorporate doctrinal aspects into its plan-
ning and training.
(f) Armed forces network will. include doctrinal develap-
menu to stimulate its major, and its "spill-over,"
audiences to read doctrinal books.
(,~) Doctrinal materials will be made available to military
chaplains for such use as they consider appropriate.
(h) Orientation materials for American troops in foreign
overseas''stations will contain doctrinal materials
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DRAp'T ~~U.~.I~ 1N~'CRM~~CO~V psi D-33
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Jun 29, 1953
(i) Speeches and addresses by service and departmental .
officials will exploit doctrinal aspects.
(~,) Techna.esl military magazines will be encouraged to
carry matexial of a doctrinal oharactar.
(1c) The Research and ~evelopmant Board, or its possible
successor, will study the development of operational
equipment speciT"ically requ~.red for doctrinal opera-
tions.
(f) Other e rtin~nts and Agencies
(1} Policy and information planners in the athar federal agencies
will be advised of the U. S. Doctrinal Program and its
relationship to their primarily domestic activity, i.e.~
policy recommendations and regularly publisb.ed brochures
and reports.
!~. General Guidance
(a) New an,d stimu~.ating ideas, even contradictory ideas, have self-
generative powers and are desired.
(b) Doctrinal production is not limited to political and pl7ilosophi--
aal analyses. All fields of intellectual and cultural interests,from an-
thrapol~gy and artistic creations to sociology and scientific methodology,
come within the gamut of the doctrinal program<
(c) The American Doctrinal Program is not limited to American ma-
terials. Fore~.gn production and activity, consistent with our doctrinal
objectives4 will be fostered, promoted and distributed. Usefulness in
furthering the aims of this Program and not strict American. ideas, will
be the criteria of selecting non-American materials.
5. Adminis~at3ve Prov sions
(a) Coordination of the U~ S. Doctrinal Program
(1) Sa that the U. S. Doctrinal Program may be initiated
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DRAFT SECURITY ~NFpRNJA, T~OI~ PSB D-33
SECRET
Jun ~,9, 1g53
immediately, pending the establishment of the permanent
organization for the American psychological effort, the
Director of PS~3 wi11 be responsible for the initial coar-
dination of the member,~~e~cies~ im 1.ementation of this
Doctrinal Program. When the pending reorganization of
informational and psyclzologioal activities has been di?.
rected, he will prepare a detailed recommendation to the
P5I3, or its responsible successor, for the p?rmanent co-
ardin:~.tion and implementation of this Doctrinal Program.
(2) In the initial coordination of this Doctrinal Program,
the Acting Director ti-rill erami ne and explare i~rith respon-
Bible officials in the member agencies the feasibility of
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various special undertakings-which would contribute to the
more rapid and adequate implementation of this Doctrinal
Program. One undertaking w sold be a consistent, continuing
and cooperative production of scholarly and objective anti-
communist doctrinal r~s.teriuls. A second would be the mecha-
nisms necessary to adequately distribute those materials to
the Program+s target. A third undertaking wo?,a1.d be the
listing of Comr~.unist vul.nerabili?ies and sug;;ested doctrinal
themes. The results of these explorations which would be of
an inter-departmental character and would not be included
in any member agdncy~s implementation plans would be dev?1-
oped for Board decision by the Acting Directox.
(b) Bvaluati?n ,off' the U. S. Doctrinal Pro, ram
The Office of .u`valuation and Review, during the first year of
the doctrinal effort, will undertake the analysis of methodology required
to make an adequate evaluation and review of the U. S. Doctrinal Pre am.
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A.n over-all evaluation and review w3,11 be made on a yearly basis, with the
expectation that if the Office of Evaluation and Review notices significant
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trends, whether t'avorable or unfavorable, it will immediately develop
a special evaluat~,on and review to so in~'orm the Board.
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DRAFT SEClRST1~,,, INFORNA TION i
SF~RI;~ PSB D-33
Jun 29, 1953
Definit3yons (Annex ti~'r
In order to understand the Doctrinal Program and to indicate the
limits within which it vrill operate, it is considered proper to give
herein, without attempting to justify the general accuracy or cosrpleteness,
certain basic definitionss
(a) Doctrinal Program (in general, and nit dust U. S. Doctrinal
Program): A planned and systemat~.c attack against a hostile doctrinal
system conducted conc~a.rrently with a positive advocacy of the basic phil-
osophy of onus otim system. In the main, the Doctrinal Program is di-
rected at a specifically defi11ed group, rather ?chan at the mass.
(b) Doatra.nal {:?Lem ~:.nrg?eneral. and not pos;~~,.~sEd b~?the U.S4) s
An inter--re~.ated body of ideas, whether consciously organized or not, wh~.ch
reflects the spanner or content of thinking characteristic of individuals
or classes, justifies a particular type of social belief and structure,
and provides a body of principles for human aspirations.
(c) Tar~e?c for ~.:he U. S. Doctrinal Prog~a~as The membership of the
target group will vary from country to country and from region to region.
In general, the U. S. Doctrinal Program will be aimed at effectively
reaching those persons who would be intes?ssted in doctrinal matt??ra and
who would be active. in, and have an influence t::~~on, polit:+,cr~1 and intel-
lectual, including scYrblarly, activities in ti~eir respective countries
and regions. This target sr~.y occur in all prcfessicns and social groups,
e.g.,_teachers, labor~+rs, farm or business lea:ao:rs, military men, etc..
The characteristic of the target is that it is interested in, or can be
influenced by, doctrinal materials.
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DRAFT SECURITY I~tF'ORI~IATION ANNEX "C"
SECRET PSII D-33
Jun. ~9, 1953
Anal:rsis? a??~ the Problem Annex "C")
1. Necessity for a U. S. Doctrinal P.,rO.~
(a) In the development of warldi4Commonism, ideology l~~plaed an
irr~portant part. Tn ad~.ition to the power of the Soviet base itself the
~... -
Soviet Armed Farces, the organizs.tia~ of the Communist power, and the econ-
omic potential of the Soviet Union which constitute components of the Com-
munist threat to Amera.ca and the Free ~7orld, Gazrr~un3.st ideology has been
a vital and long ~rou;~ .farce, Tt has been used a.,sic~;~~ously by the Corn-
monists to advance tl~~.:~.r in~f;{~~~ests. Soma opp~~~t~xiita.es 'to rebut this
ideology have been used, bat many have been neglectuu,p
(b) Although t3~ac~ 1~~rest has strengthened :~,ts mil. ~~.a.ry and economic
resources in meeting the Soviet challenge, insu~~fici.9~i~'c attention has been
accorded to the need for combating Communism on the a.ntel].ectual p~~nQ, in
the sphere o~ ideas. As described below (Section 3) the Gom:nunists have for
the past thrity-five years been engaged in a massive, comprehensive, world-
.
wide campaign of ideal.ogical indoctrination, designed to fiur?uhar izternat-
tonal Communisms This campaign has been f~.andu~ctud on many l.:vels, with
appeals designed far all, groups. Of these, thei:~ntellectuals of each
country of the world have been a particU.l~.rly i~~aiporta.nt target beca.rzse of
the influence wh:%ch such indi~riduals exert, e~c-s~. if itacirdct~.y, on political
affa,a.rs.
(c} The panel. believes that it is poss3.blp for America and the West
to do much more than h>.~s been accomplished in the past toward countering
Carr,~nunist efforts to appeal to intellectuals. 1,,lays can be found of in-
creasing the production, as well as the circulation abroad, of permanent
literature and other dactrina7. materials which would be effective through
their influence on intellectuals and opinion-fox`ming groups, in damaging
Communism and in furthering understanding and sympathy for the traditions
and viewpoints of America and the Free World. One oi' the mast important
means far accomplishing this purpose is boolts.
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(rl) In mast, darts off' ,the ~Urorld~the re.dio and television are still
novelties; magazines have law circulation; and newspapers circulate mostl~_
among political groups whose opinions are already farmed. In the ma;jori~ty
of countries in the free world, books--permanent literature--are by far the
mast pawerfiil means of influencing the attitudes of intellectuals. The In-
formation Libraries and other activities sponsored by the State Department
have done something in this field, but in general we have not done enoul;h
to promote the publication and circulation of books favorable to the free
tirarld and damaging to the Communist Party lane. The technique of the Com-
munists bn~ not boon to promote free distribution of beaks, which carries
the inference of propaganda but to subsidize the circulation of their beaks
through regular commercial trade of every country ~.n ~?rhich they can obtain
a foothold.
(a) In this they have been highly successful. In recent years, the
largest selling book in the world--with the passible exception of the Bible--
has been the Shopt iiistaxy off" tY}e Communist Party which is -the testament of
the Communists. Its circulation exceeds 1,,7.,000000 copies. Tha,s book is
on sale in the U.u. book stores far y~1.00 on fine paper, beautifully
printed. The latest attempt to reply to this basic testament is Dr. Stefan
T. Possony~s A Cez~turv of Conflict in which an effort is made 'to retard the
true start' of the Pax?ty history. This book sells for w7.50. There is no
organized promotion of its sale at home or abroad; and, like ether books
of similar sign3.ficance, it will undoubtedly sell no mare than x,000
copies in the United States and throughout the world.
2. Summary of N~nal Policy ApFplicabla to a National Doctrinal Program
(a) NSC ab~ectives, while not explicitly mentioning a doctrinal pro-
gram, provide ample ~ustificatian far the use of doctrinal activity as a
means of accomplishing basic American ab~eetives vis-a-vis USSR and its
Satellites..
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Jun 29, 1953
`i'rtree i~1SC papers, NSC 2D/4, 68/~ and 135/3, provide the major basis for
national policy, whale supplementary ob~ectivea towards Satellite countries
are indicated in NSC 58/2 and X8/5. Current national policy provides for
the reduction of Soviet power, including that of its Satellites= to a status
which will not be a threat to the security of the U.S. ar the Free World.
A11 methods "slxoxt of war" are implicitly 3.ncluded as means of accomplishing
this major objective. The mast recent statement of American objectives
regarding Communism provides the U.:,S. should develop, on a world-wide basis,
positive appeals 1-rhich t~rould be superior to Communism. The U.S. should do
everything possible to exploit the di#ficul.ties which arise between the
Soviet leaders and other Communist states and those people whom. they are
oppressing. While those NSC papers do not explicitly mention a doctrinal
program} it is clear tkiat such a program is one means a~ assist~.ng in the
aocomplishment of such objectives, since it can contribute to the reduction
of Corranunist appeals and influence on intellectual groups, both tiaathin and
without the Communist orbit, and thereby contribute to the reduction of
Soviet power.
3. Corr~nunist Use of_Dactr~.nal Warfare
(a) The Sova.et regime,. while limited to Russia for its political exis-
tence, had always been regarded by its leaders as the base for an inter-
national movement. From the .beginnings of the Soviet state, the mainte-
nance of closely connected international cadres of local national Commu-
nists was va.sualized. As a weans of controll~.ng the ideological outlook
of these widely scattered, and, at times antagonized local organizations,
the tirritten interpretations of Marx, Lenin and Stalin wexe of great effec-
tiveness. These re-interpretations provided the philosophic ar doctrinal
basis for properly orientating and training local national Communists.
They were the equivalent of uniform textbooks f'or training and indoctrinating
neophytes. Tkiey also provided source materials or documentation for inducing
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PSB D-33
Sun ~9, 1953
i~2:M~~r~r~ecting non-Communist Marxists to look with favor upon the Soviet
interpretation and become pro-Soviet in viewpoint, if not in action.
(b) Fram the early 192p's the Soviet leaders have maintain?d two com-
plementary lines in the distx~.butian of their printed material. The Foreign
Languages Publishing House or the International Book Publishers Mezhdunaro-
dna a Itn~a) was established in Moscow to produce Comr,~unist texts in the
ma~ar languages of these areas where the Communists hoped to be influential.
In the past th~:a~ty-five years, the Sow3.ets c~;aim to hav? published
975,3'77,000 works of Marx, Lenin and Stalin. At the sane time, national
Communist Parties under Soviet influence established their awn publishing
companies to produce locally the same basic materials which would provide
the local ideological foundation fox Soviet Communism. Production is only
one part of doctrinal warfare. The proper distribution to the potential
adherents is an equally important aspect. The local Communist Party is
mainly responsible for the distribution of Communist matarials~ either
directly to peoples known to be interested in Communism or to intellectual
oenters, whexe it will be available to professors and scholars wlzo have
been trained to study all aspects of an intellectual sub~eet. Bence it
was that the Communists quite early in their ideological effort aimed at
the intelligentsia as the group mast likely to be interested in and in-
fluenced by a doctrinal ox philosophical basis for Communism. .Hence they
concentrated on libraries, ux~:iversities and research grouts as locations
whexe their published material might be mast extensively used and thereby
be most influential in predisposing intelleotuals towards accepting Com
munist ideology.
(c) The material for estimating the current doctrinal warfare effort
of the Soviets is most difficult to isolate. The OIR series, Analvsis of
Communist Prouaaanda is excellent in its eover~ge of the Soviet publication
efforts, but only six countries have been covered. Evidence of the impor-
tance of doctrinal warfare to the Kremlin is Stalin's statement in hie
article, "Economic Problems' in Bolshevik (October 1950
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~SE RET ~ 1'SB D-33
Jun 2g, 1953
I think that the comrades are not taking; into
accaunt the fu11 significance of a Marxist textbook
on political economy. The taxthcck is needed not
only for our Soviet youth; it is particularly needed
for the Communists of all countries and. for people
who sympathize with the Corrumar~i.sts .
They want to know all this and many ether things
not simply out of curiosity but in axder to learn from
us and to use our experience for their own cauntries<
That is why the appeara~ice of a geed Marxist textbook
on political economy is not only of internal political
significance but also of major international signifi-
cances
(d) A recent OIR article gives significant figures an Soviet book
production in the past thirty--fire years. Soviet figures do not permit
breakdown of their total of a billion books into the copies per foreign
language, but it is known that Stalin's Problems of Leninism was published
in 55 languages, Stalin's Ong-aft Constitution, in ~9 languages, and
Stalin's Short History in 67 languages, while his report to the 1Sth Con-
gress of the Party appeared in 72 languages. (ZR No. 5630.10, Feb 5 1953).
The 5ovists have given evidence that they appreciate that in every civilized
society, the printed book has been one of the carriers of the major atti-
tudes and ideals on which the civilization rests. Publications of this
type are devoted to the task of instill~.ng the conviction that Communism
alone possesses the key to the world's problems. By developing Marxian
interpretations by references to a better future World, and by maintaining
a consistent emphasis on the unquestiana?ble truth of the Communist position
the Soviet rulers have carefully distributed their books so that they receive
intensive attention from students and intellectuals. Communist books possess
a documentary oharacter, while available anti-Communist books often seem to
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be mere diatribes. Communist publications thereby influence intellectuals
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with their relative monopoly in the publications field on doctrinal subjects.
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