GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA S AGRICULTURE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-00926A002300020011-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 17, 2013
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: June 20, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENTIAL/US OFFICIALS ONLY
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
COUNTRY Czechoslovakia
SUBJECT General Characteristics ofCzechoslovakia's
Agriculture
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE
ACQUIRED BY SOURCE
DATE DISTR. ok,' June 1950
NO. OF PAGES 1
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
25X1
SUPPLEMENT TO 25X1
REPORT NO.
25X1
Introduction
Production - Part I
A. Crops
B. Livestock
C. Mechanization in Agriculture
D,. Critical Examination of the Production Figures
E. Production Targets for 1953
Consumption - Part II
A. Food Rations
B. State Food Market
C. The National Food
D. Critical Examination of the Consumption Figures
E. Conclusions
Foreign Trade in Food - Part
STATESTATE
NAVY
-End-
CLASSIFICATION'CONFIDENTIAI,US OFFICIALS ONLY
NSRB
DISTRIBUTION
FBI-.;
ARMY
AIR
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THIS IS AN E:ah
DO HOT DETACH
General characteristics ot Oseehoslovakies
Return to OA Librari
The area of the Coach** Ro comprises 12041400
tirib.000
Arable? land asid orchards:
Passesont Ereajdows and pastures:
Forests and woodlands*
Unused land:
Beilt.an area, wasteland, and other
muds'?
1 Oo vakia.
0:615 ha
0,43, ha tilled
0,331 ha forest lands
Crops
Arable land
perms** meadows
patters:I
serdens
vinirya rds
Wiwi*
and Moravia
464
Slovakia
000 he
ha
ha
*6o
1043.000 ha
forests
ponds and other waters
perks
essmaared areas
tetal area
REM TIAL
alfw CONFIDENTM OFFICIALS alitt
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4111114:9406
C;71111111
NFIDE.NTIAt
Agricultural prodection in Czechoslovakia constitutes 17*6% 0 the
total national income while the industrial production makes up, 5070 of the
national imams* According to the Five Your Plan tho national lames has
to be increased during the years 19411 1953 by W. As Ores commompOw
ion per head is concerned it has to be increased by 35% as compared with
the year 1948* pip industrial production has to be increased during the
five yeabs by 501 the agricultural ravduction has to be increased by 16
as cowed with the production 'before the waits The invemtme during lb
five year will amount to the sum of 33642 billion crowns (Ias)* This SO
WM be distributed as follows:
1314 billion Kee
agieulturs26.8 billion Res
balding #4*6 billion Keno
Further* 447?1 billion Xcvill be used tar the eanstrimAteet and main.
ten= cc of roads and bridge** hydrotechnical projects and other
works. In addition the inveetment comprise* allocations to
cultural and other cortices and institutions. For commerce and tourist
traffic and travel will be spent 3 billion Zest on housing 39*3 bad* is
social welfare S*1 bil** on heath services 10*3 biI** on cultural feel.
titles 10.2 bil* The annual total investments have to amount to 67 bit*
armascgiVaigggcsian.ggagatire*U2ndat44113"
On e the fundarmeattl changes in Czechoslovak atrioulture are
tura in e tio i2n,i0e* the concerning the chang4:f
production amounted to 0 land livestodk production to 3 of the tow. agri tura product In 1
ant animal produ ion
agricatural production* 1953,1"OhillAtetrOtt, and of Five /Oar
WM" ILPLI1 1
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4.3?. 1C1',!FIDEN I IAL
?
4v. share of crop production will drop to 52%. and that of livestock
prochtetion will increase to 40 i?af the Talus of Sift _and lift
restock production will approximayely ? or readjuolems saris*
cultural production in this manner the roqiirts of natianal oconsip
my will be net by limiting the imports of expensive animal preiblets and
importing fodder Instead. This transformati of production a lso means
a change in tho composition of plant on Wear. Thesadogana
of bread grain is being lisated, and of feeding grain.
sugar Ult, and forage are being increased.
PART PRODUCTION.
001111001111111101111101111111111MMIRMIMMOMMININI
tletlar 1934 1938 100
111111111111.1.111111';
f:14:7LS woos c,1 414,tgan #i L1. l4: a
This index is based on the esttmates of the Food and AgrieultUral OM.
sation of the United Rations. Food index rolates to the grabs
on of crops and livestock products for human congumegdmpliv,
stuffs used in livestock production are deduosi to avoid double ooNalb*
ing. All commodities index includes in addition .to tbeloOd
nonfood agricultural commodities such as fibers, tobSOoo. and Ind*"
Arial
San&
During the war and in the immediately post.war lows the wee
der cereal crops increased at the expense of roots. It realised
for well, balanced 'top rotations the relation of the 'areal stop to
a gricultural crops should not exceed In Plormoine
lest* cereals covered in the year I of the
IAN& Da 1
the _ area of cereal cow dropped to 9. and in 1949 it
48.0. In 1 the sowing area of idloat will be deereased#
pared to 19 that of rye mai wheat, end rya mixture.by whilst
theA rest oebarley will be increased by 11%, oats by4..5. potatoes
by 0%, and forage by 5.2$.
Iverams vie** vertecMgro.(194640
Wheat
rye
barley 17.6
oats *
earn 22.5
early .potatoes 100,0
second oarly potatoes
140.0
late potatoes
:n beet 253 "eeds 6.0 *
3.
.6 quihtale
seTV
136
Aocording to the offieial
report of Czechoslovak
inept all thosto yields are
the average of the
19/7 with the taco
oil seeds. and sugar
thee* yields are to be
in comparison with
as followeiwtetat
barley by #.13,1%
tatass by 13.0%
2.
b
suserk bets toi
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17-1, 1-00Z000?ZOOV9Z600-08dC11-V10 LI-/LO/CL O eSeeiei -104 panaidd
/Woo pazwues - 4-led u! PeWsseloaCI
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CONFIDENTIAL
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9.21EISatiZZSAMs.
;heat:
It is planned to increase the consumption of wheat flour at the
expense of rye flour. As the sowing area of wheat is decreased, the ave.
rage yield per 1 hectare will have to be increased to 20 quintals. How.
ever, the production of bread cereals will not meet the consumption rr.
quirements, and wheat will have to be imported.
Rye:
'Ath the reduced consump ion of rye bread it -1.11 be possible to
roduce further the sowing area of rye. The average yield per hectare will
have to be incro.2.sod to 18 quintals.
Barley:
The arc:/:. of spring barley is going to be extended. The average yield
ter hectare is planned to 17.7 quinAtals.In the plant breeding plan bar.
ley seed breeding -All cover 9,000 ha of land. Barley is grown not only
for domestic consuny.tion but also for exports (melt).
CONME.NTIAL
Oats:
The area of oats vas somcWhat larer in 1949 as conpared with 1948
'Aad further small increase is planned.
Corn (maize):
The area of maize will be increased in the Ave Year ilan. The pia.
nned yield for lt4t as 23 cplinatals por hectare.
noots:
The prod,Ttion of root crops ,117 be inereasd in the Ave Year P1
Potatoes:
The area od rotatoes will be increased by 6;% nue: attention is
given to Cle cultivation of industrial potatoes. The area of industri.
al rottoes as comrared A.th 1948 was almost doubled.
Sugar beets:
The production of su!T/Ar beet will be somewhat increased. t the
end o to Five Year Plan no prowtion of sugar beet will be increased
by 17,, over that in 19411. n increase of sugar exports is planned.
uil crops:
fa farms under communal aduinistration as well as
co-operative farms an church farms must WO 10:1 of their arable land
for the cultivation )11 oil seeds. Other farms farming zlore than 20 ha
must now oil seeds on 3 of their arable land. The area in oil seeds
may be extended at the expense of any other anp, Th areas for oil seeds
were set for the year 194V49 as follows:
minter rpe 15,000 hectarns
PoPPY 10.000
must rd 6. 00 ft
Flax:
The sowing area of flax WAS set in 1949 at 30 ,)00 hectares.
UNNENTIAL
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4.
Fruit gl-A?owing: WENT
According to the official' cos the present fruit harvest
amounts to 450,000 Una. It Ihflanned to increase it to 1 000 000
tons in the next 10 years. 'i thin the rive Year Plan it io':dcted t
that the. average fruit harvest will reach 700.000 tone. To 411*:
this the number of fruit tree will babe to he increased from the
present 40 million to 60 million trees within the next 10 'years.
16.14m1214
The present agricultural plan in Czechoslovakia puts a apece
emphasis on the livestock production. The following increase in
as compared with 1948 is planned for 1953:
Cattle 28%
cows only 25%
weloine?tiqs
sows only 4,411,
hens 4-421
The increase is higher in pigs than in cattail. The numbers of
poultry are expected to increase considerably* The numbers of horses
will, according to the plan, be decreased as a result of the plalmowl
mechanisation. In order to achieve these numbers it is necessary to
increase the supply of feeding stuffs, particularly by imports of
fish- and meatmeale. It is planned that the production of livestock
products will increase with the Five Year Plan by 0 According
to the Plan the production of beef will be increased by 52%, the pro.
duction of pork by 77%, the production of milk by 116%, and production
of eggs b increase in the-numbers of calves is plPnned so
that the 1948f49.number of calves (4470000) is to reach in 1953 about
204100.6 1,645i800 heads. The null:besot calves slughtered will be Uwe.
creased from 613,000 to 724,000 heads.
f ? ..4.? 01/t ? "
The number of slaughter animals in 1 000 heads:
1 48
Cattle
Owl-106
3,520
1953
856
4,419
Slaughtering weight of animals in kilograms:
948,
1
Cattle 400 IR-
415
p4 1.41 go
Meat irroduction in 1,000 tons of live weights
14t
Beef *2
Fork 281.6
190'
3054
497.5
Milk production in hi 23.001i IDENTIAL ,415.95
egg production in million pieces 920.00 1,967.5
Improvement in milk supply has to be eclair's& by the increase fifth*
numbers of sink cows and by increape of milk yields. which is to to, up
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rui;iFIDENTIAL
The 1953 at production target of 290 thousand tons in oncost of ?
1948, or a total of about 615 thousand too is probably excegarated.
Even if this goal includes poultry meat. It woad neap an increase at
a bout 25 to 30% over the prewar volumei_ and it is doubtful it
ea n be reached. In an attinspt to wet the goal the CasehosIvAik goo.
vermin* plans to in/grease indigenous AWE production,. 'Coarse grains
alone are to be raised by 35% War the prewar levol..An Increase of
this nagnitlate will,not, of course. permit the jested taxPensiss
of neat production unless there are heavy PIS " of foodstuffs. This
is articuIly true in_viont sf the tact the target far 3953 silk
on is set at ? time sosewhat higbir than the rreraar smogs.
ons/Oiantafi
To increase speedily the production Of pork1 large pig fattening
stations aro organized, These are attached to state farms. -rem
rious types at co-pperativeo, etc.. ingtoapin these stations
will fatUs, in 1950 300,000 300.000 pigs.
These fattening stations 1:; y criticised byagwi-
cultural who recent1 escaped ?roi csecAoslovakia. They maia.
tain that as otations (called are highly uneconeerleal?
The pioduetton cost of 1 kg live in such 43,- station will sr.
mount to 5 viKea (more than privately owned tem the
production cost of 1 kg live we is considerably 14wor Mid *kW*
rages 3J.Kcs for 1 kg. It is vary uneconoasical if foodstuffs and
pigs will hare to be transported on long distance*.
The agricultural exports believe, however, that the 000nondc
aspect of this ation is. rather aecondary, because the system of
these large fee stations was dictated primarily by military COZO?
siderations, and has to assure a flowing supply for the military
in the case of war.
The largoot of those feeding stations was built in Smiriee in
the regAonairdistrict of Hradec Kralove. Its yurly =notion is
new about 3011_000 heads. It is planned an increase wi 'a short
tine to 90.000 - 1001000 beads a year. For the timebeing only see
third of tAe .planned ant stations was already built. .The gime
feeding stations are beiiig comptlesonted by the construetien plants
for canned neat. It i tForth ?mentioning that these large
stations vrere planned alredy befor. the Five Year P1an aM,thme,
before the February coin) are to be considered as a
part of the intended ocoLocie and iUtery into.i=tation of eseehow'
slovakia into the Soviet sphere which has been admen sinoe'191.5.
NartAtastelualas
304 Table /I.
ixeolAnton
see Table III.
ee Prrt,cktitt
e_mh;FIDENTIAL
iNsaikAtiaw4mit owes Aka.' "rot otit.41: /Afire. /7
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ONVIDEATIM.
'AINFIDENTIAL
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TAlL1 IT z T A ? 3 sod OILS. PRODUCT I011.
?Ipso of tato mod ells
IOW
eftwomommworwrws...11.0w.... ......
latter
flsflpa Season
Prover
19334937
Pig fat
thoomomd nitric tons
oil owolvalost
rep - ____- pSeeaeeaea se-Senses eases ease
M.N. 4041.411. MAW 40.1111.1.1..0.11.111.61.M 4.1.1041. 0041.11140
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Other vogottble soma
(Poppy, ram oselowor, mostart. hoop.) 10
401.1?10M0111.1. . 55 -
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/'CONFIDENTIAL
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CONFIDENTIAL iriii 1 ! 1 '
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v?-ma?112""z64-4? "2". CONVIDENTIAL
?
It ie estimatA that there were approximately 19 030 tractors used
in Csethoelovak agriculture in 1948. ccarding to official Crechoslovak
rererts the acTicuituve received during the Tro Year Plan te following
agriculterel rriaceinest
Tictors 10,00
tractor plaup;hs 12,700
mowers 19,000
binders 5,000
mining tiachines
and others S.4001.
't the beginning of 1949 about 22,000 tractemalready worked in
th2 mriculture, togethorAAll 2,000 tractor plowts, 110, movers
25,000 bindersl.and ',:?,000 mining naeliles. 0sechos1ovokio. produces at
present f.'bout i,C0 tractees eenth 40.) of which arc exported*
tne Ave Year aan the annaal allocetion of arTicultural
macIlines wilt be smaller than in the Two !ear Tian* All hewfy and vos
dium Btu) mee)Anes will in stnplied vith priority to State tractor stae
tiona, i'>tate farms, and united agricultural coeoperatives. 'Ouring the
Five Yecr elan tIle agritulture is going to be supplied with further
30,C0 trectors se that in 1953 the Czechoslo*.ak agriculture will ham
ve 4C,r''1) 45,00 tractors. The rtlo of tractors to areble 'rid will
be 1 tractor Ior 125 hectrs of -.1,n1)1,1 lortd or 172 hectnres of ngrie
culturl i,Desidee tractors 26,700 trailers 'All be supplied, 35,000
sets of cultivntion equipr"nt, 10%6,40 harvostiug efff,pment out of 'which
2C ,r7V) trecter drawn 171ners ,71 10,000 horse drnrr binders, 20,000
eeeTines, 750,000 eridetors arZ verieus cvther equipment in
valui7 1:C8.
LimIsatxrcAr,'
Meth importnnee *:as atteeeed to setting up new agricultural macbi.
nery staticns; in t'lee yeer 1947 abet 78 sueh tatiers eere e?t up.
rotr,- aceorang to recent reports of refues from esecileolovalcia . ?
tose in.7einery .tatiens ere being set up in all districts. All priir.
to tretors above 20 -ere eonfle?cated, ane. are being concentrn.ted in
ther ,:c1:inery citations. The agricultarnl experts believe it t!.1s
iB
anotTicr kinJ of nilitryly4.-.oparation the purpose of which is to olcsure
cey mo'eilisatiln of all aveilan tractors. 17,very iirict:artetinvi.
ry st7.t1on has ehout 200 treetors at its diceosel. Vee nuriZer of-ehe
Irmel Tveinery stations All reav during 4' e iYiv e Year Plan 7,500.
tir
C 7.) A.-.)vcticia has at rr?t)r.t, (19?8, ) 234 St7;.te. firxict 1,3-oz%a
statio. Turt11,7r etations are p1 nod during t:ne A.Ire Year Ilan. The
tfLek of thezc tatons is to h1p evoryWhe ther throwT thn
Fo of macIlnery or labor help is nco.eled4 They help, priviriy, the loo
:imeAr7.ry co-oprntives. 71'7e state a,--ricuitliral amehinery- stations are
nquipped Ilth repair shops*
CONFIDENTIAL
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Crlt4eal '0,Q11 el the produt
ko.
The a gricultural rroduction in CsecN)Olovakia is -according to
t14 tables I. Ia,II, III, an. IV approximAtely by 25% lover than in
the pru-ww yearci. T140 1n6ex numbers for 3.94049 Are 78 for preluttion
or food 46 .,013. for otlex 4grieu1tur&T comf*ditios (prewal 1934-1938 ft
100). It Lay be assumed that the real figures are still lower because
there was ia Cznhosiovkia since 1945 a visibla trend to exazgernte
the successes of a "people's derocraty" even in the econotalc field.
Tu dQclino in ezricultural productivity is due only partly to the ge-
neral disleAion of ctonony during orld 'ar II. Ia Czt:chonlovakia
there wer solva-al other factors which affected the econo and 'wrought
a coia,L;AirL.L1 auat o dxe to the aricu1itur.. In the following
pr A graphs I mentionsd none of he not itTortant causes of the Maim
ne in tg.: a:_;ricultural pz.oftic on:
1.) z1v, Cron Czecho-
slovakia in 1945 left, a bL on e etaree of farm land without
cultivators. It 1/z.:zi practically impos3ib1e to find the neepsary man..
pover to repine? expelled :armors and azricultural workes. This
is particulark, true in view of the fact that rot of the agricultum.
to cultivate betause
wiA) moved into tho.
dostly rough climate
ral area 1114bIted by the Germans vas diffienit
of tae lounta inous character of the land. :re?,
84 areas no fa miliarity v71V1 the soil
and 440Z left v-ork. There are still thous:awls and. thousands of aban-
donned rarms in the border region of Ceethoslovalda recsenbling to
goot villriges with dillpidated lona and farn buildings, broken
and msty meg= fields overgrown with weed etc.
4any tLousands of hectares of farm lend in this region ? 'ere turned
into pastures under co-operative system rga rdlessof to loss tam.
socl to the national etonoiv.
2.) sevral decades before the last war
the t.cnoT coitry po1e into the towns vas increasing, and
particularly after ay 1945 further tone of thousands of workaria left
our agrie7_1ture. rho majority of amicultluml workers settled down in
the border districts in profitable professions or left for other more
eable jobs. ;Et was inpossiblc to find among the depleted numbers
agrieulturA. uorkers persowswimwould be willing to mark cult5,Ta.
to 1.5 idilion lectaroe of the former German farm land. 7(11,0 stops
2,-.71ve been taken to ovrcome this diffilt A.tuAtion. In the course
of te year 1947 nearly 80,000 .lorkere from 1,ene eourees and primnri..
ly from ;,L.road er ourolld tate agrieulture. The foreign workers
were, 1:owever, of lerely a teuporary ,71,ssistance. in 1948 the demnnd for
fana4orkors was extremely high, especiraly the shortage of permanent
farm labourers is most serimS. The farmers and their wives arc ova:-
loci.4 with workpand they hardly can fulfill the compulsory delivvri.
esfizc 7urpoaod1y co high ae to make the private fz!rming impoesible,
The nechznizJtion of agriculture is from satisfactory, (I an deal.
ling with the nechniz4ition of agriculture in n special parnrraph.)
The lac% of seasoaal agricultural labourers b.as to be overcome by bri.
gaits tie purpe:7 of ?47:i07:: is, however, political end not economicstg
3.) .:9 .1",:v as the yield pro hectare is concerned it iv necessary
to note that the s,A1 was considerably exhauted during the war and
after wIr. The ripply of farm.produced fertilizers las suffered
CONFauENTIAL
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CONFIDENTIAL
-
Ohertase
lire*
4 ? 'MO tWitelia
VotLIebf
ed ,psentr inCsechoP4
41 10% all
tic
, _Nativar
it. 'brill* the petallal
1414V ft* tt0- Sub
'edit raft
days as
LB a groat probability
rably higher, if the peasants
50 The enf'tmr,re.
crops and ptArticciarl
report of teh Caof.
mounted ot47 to t
boot to 5a, of the
riad ott trith
the 197 (*melt
ttte - of cattle
o 34"r
the year 194w
001000 tons in other-
NipmtULti lupe
lact&td oltile90
asquances of the 1947
Coanamist planned
gEhlowaraount of
Oar conditions in 1947,
culture cansol by the bad 'tar
6*) Al]. data on __C...
(even ter theprewar_ pert
refer* exclude Fatthenia (LT
19454,,I incluOki
--wt,tpast crepe as vot
Ziit we take in eassidertttiati
She etteolete figures of
censiderablr hisbeii?
Ditte...4..te *Iv feet that VI
prelbelatot *ft 1~
ralsri latat the WMetili
time is a great irebability
La
*id
Tait be
to esUaberate 4sb
te 19 affected both the
au *Meta
corcala
Pota anti sugar
202-194L1 harytat was am*
1947? The effect
.re.)at thly 101948
lisrere
in t1a ftret
ad of the Atom/
of teeorkto
10 i-11en instead
the cow.
the failure of the
*surely not Toga*
the ontsworable
to of the 4 in
Plvollortely 1$ hi ion :Tmn?
k tears'
to we,4Ut bo tlrLe8 thew
Ittioth watt ceded to Soviet altmaia
ws and pftduetien data
ea livestock numbers,
eftorezsekreslovialda
Wok WO% the Ifar PIM*
ft/tura
iitt bit c;
food:i le bow
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tUlir !um itu.
tug set apart ')And itOdodtede it* a*
as easOare4 with the bY
lower poduettis in ate2lt1S.. official p3iniioi that may
the stasdard of aad.that them
re streson.the y the wailers. totter edit
mos the* before seemtaitoralite
bell in certain in the is
till' in OsechoeloSakia.a I iiiaell
one as the ere of the fast that *sea
? ~kers were eonaiderlbly bettar &f before the war than sew*
the chapter about the food coglitilliPtim I Will saw that in eiltdoi
mato sit the Nod and Agri Viral 'Organisation*** the 'his
ie 31011 lower, and that, on the traz7jin ..rtaiaeeas?ta
supply la
twe
rats tM? Atek
if
The only
tube
reagagimittrastalstrJailk
In the W,d.dini p2,a
Planin $rLn1e. X do
the tarpti set forth intb
that is speorltlY lotAlt cis
I Mentioned 'the WV** of the nye
41. it will. be peseible to
collectietia1444 Of
bardlY the, preflumt letsi of
sirtoultsral prodnetion4 On the other nanel, the preins* out will
net be .0 in my opinion a, 'eensidertay aff %Midi ere X do n think. that
.eota. sudden seller. of the Lecoboac system is to. be eveSted* It. is
tree that in Soviet Nisei& ? the forcible .0011.?ttelSation: of .agrisultora
led Ice a disaster* The met#eds used in- Coschoelaiski&s. however* are
wash dome, thin they were Russia, and therefore-they are 'much .
Sore dngerou. Th. Cautganiats .use in agriculturethe same methods
as ii other brmehee of the esonomic' life, and at in &
? sed already in 19.450 the 'eh ? gi trade was socialised in X94:7
dual socialisation if Ceeclioislovak
least in the main commoditioa the art* nop
time or Isparta vitase carried cot* in 1947, eta.
affected already 'before Yehriastry 190 127 a
whic confif;cated eIl farms shove 50 hectares. After re
liMt was est up to 15 hectares, The ealeativisation is
aud is being uxTiod out by forming *voluntary" agricultural coo
tires or State farMair By a series of ingenious measly*. dame,
tt mere difficult, ani een imposib1s, to
tamers, the eadat the* a i :,"ea their pre*
portietrkhich are uded in the Wte farms or cogispers
dtivass This method is avoiteerious repercumat0*s0a
the ceiitry1a-etonoWe any doubt the food suplyilt Case:bow
slovakia will remain verylow, but viii pVebably be ufioieiit ter the
meagre diet *Seth% pepu3.atian as it is in 'other Countries intbeL3016,
viet orbit, where the economy had been converted tosards the lisidust1f?0,
ea of war materiel*
CONFIDENTIAL
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tONFIDENI IAL
ar.tILQI.Jalm?Latadaiximumit
The following table shows a comparison bet een the official sta.
tistics(publithed by the Food and AzriculturAl. Organiztion of the Uni-
ted Nations, CzecoTlvak government, National Bank of Czechoslovakia,
U.S. DerIrtment of Agriculture etc.) with the confidettial data in my
possession. It is very intersting to note tirlt these figures are near-
ly identical, and that there are only slight differences which pan be
easily er:l..ained by thc. differences of time when these statistics were
taken. As there can be hardly any doubt as far as the reliability of
ficures in tLo confidential documents is concerned, it is to be asoumed
that also the other official production figures supplied by official
sources de:1'11ot considerably differ from the reality. A very important
conclusion, therefore, can be drawn from the comparison of the consura:
tion fi[aires where the difference bet,ven official and confidential
cures is stri;!:ing. shaY1 deal with this matter
Th,1 tlble clAzcs thl ?rofluction in t14.c econmic yrar
VICLE
?
?
0.7e.nCif
d
(Produrtier in
ClassiAcation
(ifficial figures
onfidential figures
*) only to Bel-oia
T
..-0,????.M.B.**.ksotne?mr olE,..0.11?11.0????????nror
Ca&sclfle tier,
. ort,Ivia - bit!ot )1.ovaldk?
n u e r c
,:fficiA. figures
voramor* or.
40111111111111010.1111,
Irrurc.'s
4) chici:ens
) I t;r:yr ?
CONFIDENTIAL
s
m.pwtrw!,!adrt0...I.*RWWOP
??????50.4reftsPlorwarvo..?.?*.M.sw
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?
CONFIDENTIAL
The soot sontroversial issue of the food situation in Csechsa1o.
TAM* is the eessamption. The abandonment of the prinsiple at squall*
%y in the prevision of the ati idth Med, and
af privasood rationing Of Oat es *teams
morst_thellsessent changed e ticatapurposes
of official statistics, etc estimate *fete aver,gs
food consumption in Ceechosloyakia extremely difficult*
C
90,111tris1 .0; e9kMfirOt In Cesehee
The total resiber of po tion regiStered for food rationing _fa
Csechoslovekia Walesa 12010000- and 14325,001h
The tensamers are 'led fmein,age groups, from 0 to 6 years,
from 6 to 12 years, from 411:nd consumers over 20=4.
Within the dividion of population Into fmther
rentLation of comsumars is mode. in a=m$ 2:ther they are prOm
ducere of Nolcultura product, toy are do$ng heavier work
whether the physiological chariot. ries special
rationseetet, there is * special cat.ery of eslfsup?ers, rho prom
duce their own grain* milk butter, meat and
Special rations are gios fats, egivnd potatoes?
r
women a ad dere mothers, to
certain categories of sick people in ambulatory treatment (diabetose
the, etc.) Consumers engaged in he eitml work or work daagerouo
to the health fors priertt7 groups of workers, very heavy wort"
ere miners and iron plant workers,. vsrkcra working in h? and dusts
auliary agrioult las workers
in food industries, those wortag rtth infectious diseases and poisons,
verses in the, # cal mea and nuraes in
lung clinics, and
Special allawnaces
Lastitutiorus etc., work
rations are allocated to 11
? iht 194049 the rat
six years were receiving
100500 *46, adoleSCONtS
earners above tv enty years or
r. a month,
so that childroa bellow
between six and twelve
ars salary
permits 10,500
n.
gsat rations in CsoehooaloSaMs have been changed more ofton than
the Weed raticeisit The at mat ration in 1946 was _700 fogr ;1400 ge
2,000 gr, and 1,500 820* 's was however -illy few 4 TO#S0 short iimmis
and food rations ...ere for the most part of the year considerably lower*
In 4044 Periods a :wither ;oft of meat WACO* WS r4nAsolma with ems.
CONFIDEITI
In Septaebor 1948 the I7rli fat ration or draft betveen els
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and twelve years was fixed' at 1195
'and twenty years a t 11454..,_
far
Mg, and for all ethers at Toy
The silk rations in
to 6 ',era 3/41 litre.
for other consumers lig
ratio* for adult consemers was roe
December onwards no milk could be
dime OetOber.1247.a ra
a nd was maintained nly with ace
only to children up to 6 pewee
TN.oNFIDENTIAL
for adolescents between twelve
earners above twenty years at
month,'
_Poi*
utre, and
in Amber the
6 1 per day, and from
was
cent:ganeed
*mese was supplied
In 1947 the coaeuser of 0 to 6 year. received 124, the
groupot6tol2yearsloO, thogreupofi2to2Oyesz51, wad all
other eustamere 41 Mit =Ma
In 194g the locuthir auger
The monthly ration
far adults was 1,200 gr.
194 eomards was 6 kg per person.
In 1947 voiletabla introduced. Rip.
tion coupes' Imre introdated for aerua, cmins, eabbase, and early
potatoes. Only children wider 6 ers received smell allocatism of
Coomidities like coffee and too were distributed ?? for
cocoa end chocolate. Fruits were distributed on ration eo 'tee*
Christmas sr, Zaster. The salt ration was 250gr per perms a math.
Very for foods were 'without ration tickette in 194e in Cseehoslovalda?
MaigalasUndaluk
In 1949 a state toed
to how toed at ext molly high
from of this ieri _with
should like to en that
a CARE food_paekage in the
kis *a the nos sextet about
customers ea= afford to buy ood
certain utesoriea of consiatere were
nog food, and are gorged to buy food in the state sterol*
introduced where it is possible
I-do not intend to deal in the
$ and only for illustoattio I
an official CARE *Watt*
would cost in Csecheabeva.
6"nly limited number of ?
market stores. NOINSVOro
ZwiLtedisauhaLIZasii
According to the Five
per head will amount to 3
regard to the calories the
thst in 1953 the
20% hititor than before
estimate the per -capita fc
rim in 8 and !Wavle
1949 this on was
and 2917 calories in
total 1.ztemeaea of na
with the year I
for en Inerrne ? SO
would be
to a Cseilioelovakgoverment
was approximately 21800 tale.
calories in the roar 1947. For
as 2,992 eallries lathe Coech Imum
simit9NFIDENTIAL
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-.1jINFIDENT/AL
( '
Li if II
iL
F
111"
I E`
I
Ifig
ggiiit ilti
.61,414,
? rv%0 I 1
Wta
V't
.?53iN15 I I
5g gS5 1 ?
1 '.
ZVWWS ? is
0. ..-
N? 1"
011.'
'O 0-4
- g rwit
141t. 1 le
Release 2013/07/17: CIA-RDP80-0 926A002300020011-4
.?4
iontrIA
00 00
''Pr?
0000 ul
10,
o
Xuiveatal"?
?
NJI
11"
Zst
:41.1"12
Sltd
"IT ?
OWWI
10.01.0KAWN470,?,
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It) %11
Ut
%rya %.11 11611
Art.P1 41 is-
*it
itg
too
ko4 gIfil
0-10
44".71
11dful
Caul iras4
411
F.
? ?
lot ?
?
at
CONFIDENTIA
1-11111F1
04 ? g 90 4
? to
4
I-'
0,4
Crt V)
I?0 1.4 O' 4.40 1.0
(MA Ch P4)
t,7,54
8 klpoul';`)W
I Q ?.11
0 too L11 %.71
'1 8
to IA,
so tat 0 0 ir .0`
.0? ? ? ?
.41r%04 ut
17' tog
TIAL
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---- --
??? +?? 0. ? OM tyro, itr
?,4 +tail I Ai
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loolobsti
Prewar Uld 194 )47.
T ? a r
1934-35 1946.47
giNg10410MOOSIM.4001.M.111.6?41001?041011W0404/~00.4141?MbilMON0110??????10.0.0104.1..???4001.010??????????????????????
anal NSW /1214. 3 IRO
kilogram per
parser per root)
.110.111.1011111?110111.11.4011111111011?M?411.411141.0411.1?0114000.001.0.01,01,40?110400.111411411.0?010.4110.1.10.10,1111.11?400.1.4111.0.11p0.1?10.1111.1.0.01101041.1.0?41?41.10?? .0411110
itio? 3.9
Coarse grains
1111.10010.1111.111.0.11~11101.4"~beawaiotaaW~...../.0404/*????????????????11101110
2.0
Total all grata* 130.2
?1141?01~11.111111411.1,1111011110?1141~11.0*~AMftaffINNIONIMINOMMIne~110......?????06.411.???????
Petaloos 160.0
153.6
1111.111411MINIMINMAIININIMIMMINIMOMMOMMIN.10.1MINOMIIMIN04/...0.10?MOMOINEW/0141~1.0.01Wo????~010.41.41.10.??????????...01...4??????101110.10?0?11.
21111*2 21,2 22.k
IIIMINIMIOMIMMIMIMMAI..........00.11.11.......01,01.0.1111?OPM?elkawas41?4111.1.1.1.11.16.110.11.0.001.?????111.0.1101WMiwar0.111.1.4.1.01411.00111041111..1141.0411.016411???
Pats ? Oils 12.1 S.1
miggponenempaprieneal.0?110111.1~1041.11INIPOONMIDNI.NOWPOINIMINIMPOPM?00.000.04+0.1..10.~.*???????Y~P.WOW?~4~46~141.41?411.1.
Neat 33.3 35.1
ampommeremn.M.040.0..11.1.0.114111.0
Silk
Owen
106.2
???????????????......111...?..1.?????????????40.1???????????.111?4110.....VM
3.0
217.11
4111.1.1111.110
'a. .
apiggimmenpop.......00?100,4?4111.0...aoliapealmolleollms.....404111.41101. ..10,1114110.0110111.01.11.1.40?01.404110mo ?????????11.1114101041101?0141.1.110.01111,411.11~1.0.11.
7.6 4.6
-- ? --- -- ? -- ? pp m?_ppppppp..p?** 001...1?411.1111.11, 04111.1110011 ONO 4114111041... .
114 1.2 0.2
Calories per person
per Say - %Sal
-
1931&3$
1.9% 47 2.63
2,607
arsonefta?????04???.????????1010.
See 1.A.0. pablioatioat
lareposa# programa of agriaeltural reoesstractioa mad devolopmost.
sashimi:tem as. Seam Oise 194.
CONFIDEN TIA L
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CI NFIDENTIAL
ad grain
coarse grata
grain offals
oilcake
pulses
molasoes
mestmealifish
moll ate.
q""tai:ear
Po
sugarcane
-305
10835
541
50
52
20
1,170
510
mantas 3,913
turnipsokohl-
rabi 198
carrots ? 58
hay 6,010
et rat: 2 615
Skim milk
they
422
1,100
20
50
12
2,955
.496
3,484
212
32
434.3
1,794
,
1,611
384
84
12
?
1,500
200
1,748
74
12
2,923
1, 560
4.,?????110000mr?aralIPMMilkommimis ?1111,04rommimomollarierrepoesso
300
270 1
75 70
CONFIDENTIAL
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CONFIDENT-!AI
t :10 414,
,ccording to the confident sources the total meat consumption,
that is meat consumption on ration cards + meat without ration cards
was 255.000 tons in 1948, and the estimate for 1949 amounted to
26ol2g0 tons. The F*0 figures give the total consumption of meat in
1948/49 as 322,000 tons. This consumption refers, of course, to the
economic year beginning July 1 to June so. To facilitate comparison
we must take the aver:ze of the confidential figures for 1948 and 1949.
255 e000 tons
535,280 2 . 267,640 tons a year.
The difference between the FAO balance Sheet figures and those
contained in the confidetial documents is therefore
322000 tons
. 207- tons
54, tons ur about one sixth.
The F'0 figures are based on the assumption th,t all (or the moat part)
of the rvailablo food supply of meat was consumed. Consequently, -hat
is set out here is not a picture of at was consumed or will be cos.
slimed, but it is a picture of availbale supply for human consumption.
The confidential figures the reliability of which can hardly be doub-
ted show that only 5/6 of the avallbble meat supply were consumed.
Consumption of fate.in 1948 . according to the confidential sour.
ceswwas aproximately 117,365 tons
Estimate for 19,49 ?
'Tomo for 4g/49 ; 123 gg5 tons a year.
The FW estimate for the same perio?s 138,000 tons.
The difference between these figures in therefore
138000
tons, or about 105.
Consequently., it is to be assumed t!'vA from the availlible supply of
fats only 9A0 were cons mod, The difference between the FAO figures
and those from the confidential sources is not very high in this case,
but we must realise that fat sir- plies continue to be a bottle-neck in
the Czechoslovak food supply system,
otaiex cograodiVies.
'A; far as other commodities are concerned I am convinced that the
actual coneumption is lower than given in the r0 figures, and thereto.
re that the FAO estimates refer , to the potential consunption in
other words to the available sup ? y of food which could be conmasc.
This is particularly obvious I,Itcn we compare the prewar consumption
with the present figures as given in the tables. In these tables the
post ar consumption is nearly as high . or often higher - than before
the war. However, everyone vho knows the real situation in Czechoslo-
vakia must confess that the postwar standard of general consumption
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in Crachoslevakia is
mastpropmanda tries
assertime that mere
available feed supply
true. The actual *
the war. Iftee take
we find in the no ta
year that is about 2. kg
categories of conswere in he C
the neat ration Imaging betwomo
addition for heavy and extra
to deduce from these
aumption is 2 kg a mo
ger per cat*
a
NCO DE TIA,1
than before the war. The Cow
disaporable feet with the
lareipate 1.11 the
iat egr thaneetraotellet
of at for instance.
)4.1 iqg per perm per
that are several
rati ?cy tom with
gr. a.With sem
Ited4capurseatisiPaseible
in
and
rS
ties likethno
N owe we have deal with the option where is this food val.
aishing to?
T three possible explanations for this phinmencoo.
I. Thr food serves to state free nerket.
2. The feed was seeretly
3. The food is
We have seen in
Is in C
ad 1. This possibi
first maths of 1949
market was introduced not
ad 2. There were many reran
to Soviet Rusatai or
occupation in aermanyf This
counted.
information to this
entirely beyond reach of
in Prams. The former mini
created in 1945 a special
Cseshoslovak foreign trod*
al relations between C
group was named in 1
prism minister of C
was entirely exempted
trade and was directly
care was taboo to get only
as tilt* and econocic Staff for this
of the Office were eeporated free the ministry of
we e located in an isolated villa next to the 8eviet ?
in order to facilitate the claim* and pernmstat contact with Soviet
officials. The trading ma in charge of eaosente affairs tyre sem
prominent Ceramist Party membectoPlayas ttr.R1.11or (who is Ruasim
an born and serves in the of comercial attache UM in
Rio de Janeiro). lir. ristufek. They all worked in close contact with
that there was rare feed
9 than was columned,
fez'th.yearl and the
fact that the tree
90.
of
Prams,
?jonLpentiay for Afffiet*
exclusively with all comorodo
Let Rued*. its head of this
of the present vice..
e Offise of the PlanipetentierY
Sestsdietio* of the mini of fereiga
itildstee minister= ft. *pedal
end travellers.
Ther headquarters
trade rad
?
1:WIFIDENT
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Declassified in Part 7 Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/17 : CIA-RDP80-00926A002300020011-4
AONFIDENTIAL
with the economic section of the Central Committee of the Communiet
Party in Csachoal veld*, snips rtioularly, with the head of the 3e-
viet commercial mission in Prague (Tergpredetve) Bakulino It
was practivally impossible for anyone frau the ministry to get any
informatiam about the activities of this eeeleded that was
granted a special etas. considwahU financial a ?Agees_and,
reported exelmmively to theminister of foreign trade. Theribfere
it Ls possible that some exports 0exelleded from the regular
'ere carried out through this unit* Al t MI X remsaier.I fow1*
the regular Internal eatistise work in the ministry pnly
sOme quite negligible experts of agricultural products into avast
Russia, for instance some cattier. f
ad 30 It in much mre probab3,o that sc food in esochoslevakia is
It Seem* to be obvious as far allows* Is conoormod,
and very bsblys vegetables* The _total amount of these reserves could
be 41 frvinthe differences en the rotssmtial.and actual sem.
sumption4 flee previous paragraphs* I Wa must of 00122110, take in conw
sideration that some sp.dsl advantages are gr to the inPorw
taut party officials =st maysbe some leading experts the induetrie,
al field? However this allowances were luau in the so called
extra-ration car consumption about which I have area* spoken,.
The agrieulture in Csechoslovahie is, of course, only 4 part
of the total economic plea the purpose of which lathe same as in
other countries behind the Iron Curtain/0 the etnzaelmisdng of the
military potential of the Soviet orbit, In this light we must look
at the present food difficult4os in Calchealovakia.
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A002300020011-4
Declassified in Part: Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A002300020011-4
csgiFIDENTIAU
PMT III. Foreign Trade in
The adveree balance of food imports and is is a sore point
of Czecslovak Foreim Trade. In the 10-years nir7rage befor?erld War
II the imports of food formed approximately 1i of thf7 total imports.
If we assume that the total imports for 1949 were planned as 42 billion
X= (crowns) the food imports should amount to 7.6 billion ECB (if we
do not take in account the change in the total popultion of Czechoslov
kia -hic7c1 is now approxinituly 3 million less Vlan before the war). The
planned imports, however, amount for 1949 to 111053 million. If we
try to compare -these imports by means of the indices of price we got
4c...e same figures. ImIryrts in 1937 (of food) in 1937 amounted to 14
billion Kcs. Tic price index for 1949 is 467.8 (price index for 1937 im
100). ccor ing to the prico indices the 1949 food impzIrts should amount
to 7 billion.
The planned exports for 1948 were given as 2,05_8 million .;cs.
The export plan was, of course,,fv1fill,10. only by 485% The food ox-
ort for 1949 were planned as '1277 million Kcs.
The adverse balance in food is being explained by the insuffici.
c;nt dellveriils a grains ana othor agricultural products, and further,
by th: structural changes of Czechoslovak econ3my in the post-war years
when 9!ch more emphasis was put on invest-lents.
The following t:;Ible show the statistics and efmates of food
exports and impo.rts_In Czeeleslevakin:
xiz
shatig covering t,e pre-war years an
ye beentaken from official publications.
ganization of the Unitd Nations.)
an 0614rWALL
These Alrures ha
(Food and Agricultural (Jr..
shows foreign tra Ith maizi agxIcu1tural commocities with ioreirn
countrios in 1948. These fi,-sums ;ere taken fr.= the official sour-
ces published by the Czechoslovak goy rnment,
t.?-)4A/!
sliown con.' Gnt ures o t e .ca. p an o oreIgn ra.
de for 2548 and 1949. The table contains figures of imports of food
from the E,Isven payment areas and exrorts into these areas.
The payment areas of the Czechecl Talc National Bank are as follows:
10 ULM
II. Olavie countries (iloland, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia
co-tIntviez7 lath the plannefl economy (Hungary, Rumnmia) and
Austria.,
IVa. Germany Joviet Zone of occupation.
IVb. Germany 'estern Permany.
V. .Atrorean clearing countries and Italy (vitzerland,France, Benelux,
SI-Wen, Denmark, Norway, Finniand, Island)
li.Sterling area.
VII .Dollar cxea.
11 Csec1)0-30 -k furin tmee is planned 1 ith re.r to these pal'.
ment areas.
CONFIDENTIAL
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A002300020011-4
Exchange rate per
1934: 1 = 23.69 Kc
1948: 1c13 = 50.00 Kcs
''CONFIDENTIAL
li tEl
14.1
I
H.
,
,
1.1
151u1
,
i41 I
1., I I,
,
?
1.1
,,
CONFIDENTIAL
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/07/17: CIA-RDP80-00926A002300020011-4
011.
CONFIDENTIAL
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LI9112021 tad I.ZYWOCIt MOWS ? WWI sea DtP0120
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