THE SITUATION IN VIETNAM AND THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120034-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 16
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 22, 2003
• Sequence Number: 34
• Publication Date: May 4, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

9084
? Approved For Release 20U3/10/15:CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120034-7
CONGRESSIONAL REO(~RD -- HOUSE? May .&, 1965
l)irld to reuse grid extend ills
I;tr. PEPPa'Et,. Hr. Bpeldtcr I wtati to
express >ny great Dleasttre aL the ynalil- .
moos appmvat by the Haw! 7e~dar
01 the Communt4 HCalth 8el'vlcea >ilt?
tensbn Afatet>dtaents of 164ffi. I ass an .
the boor of the House earfler' m the after.
Woos and wu !n my osoe for tba re-
malader of the ds,1. , I , hetrld, , t,~re, .Arad
bell tar w reoard tots as H.R. Rte, but
tba seootid be1L dW 110t, rklg b1 te-y part
of file old 13ouee Omoe. Butldifig sod.
heap i missed the rolloari tots. I lairs
reported thu tact to thane to oharge aR
the bell s!>mals. but I , want to re-
cd my strong apflrOAi~d' kd~iport' !or
this fegislittion.
' i wsa one of ttfase wino iate+odlloed
1csWstioa to crests ideas oam8ntlnitd
hesith Deniers, astd:K?!s this:legWation
enacted to 11163 whfah 1'iR. loiis will ex-
tend- slid smeffd.~ OadnY as 14o Rraa
a distrlat sad ? Atl-te wltl(< t aubattEgttaf
nnmiser oS senfot aftlsens >and a bus~eon-
fnR poWlaiiori. I am keenl>r aware of
the need for Fede~el aswlstue to the
total commupitr in establidifxl/ tadlittes:
far meettrif tl'le ~faealth ' needy. tad es-.
pe0tadiy the m@ntal' l~ealtl! Heeds o! air
I~toted for file - O( !>wda. p7tD-
6TIW3 !n the Ittlles ttik~~Cce ~ stt~'ur='
iy euppart ft, and t11rd Y riot'by Iliad=
verterlos been Pteteiited' fY~bgl' being an
the }four I would hate voted for H.K. ~A6
with pride and personal satisfaction. F
INTER-AI-[ER,LCAN DEV1kI.OPIdBNT
SANK C70N!!&RE'['iCS?IN'PAliAt3IIAX
(li[r. ~ ~'Od ~ IYAat slVen
pectniseioll to addrae the f~ouee for one
minute and m reuse and extend his re-
marks.) ; .. ,.
Mr. HALPEFtbi.`' IKr.' 4pdtl[er, I wp
even lease of absence last week. hatltig
been assigned to serve as aft o>scial dele-
gate Lo the Inter-Americus Dev~ebptnwt.
Sari>< Conference. In Paraguay.
Durfag Lh6a period, certain issues were
acted upon by the House, aM I would
like at this time to state fhe podtfons?2
would bane taken, had i heed prssestt to
tote on them. .... , .. .
I wand hart roteif "lea" oa folloall
No. R6, !n isvot; of suthorlatns'a'~-pf+opria-
tiona for the National. Couxrait on the
Arts on an annual Qasla. ? I Have long
advocated such av oouriau. ,and. foal .this.
lesialatton b moat hefptitl to ~apbmptrl~
fta admirable obieotitea.
I would have voted "yea" an t+ollcatl
No. >ts, ixi support of Mr. Esoax'a motida
that the house recede from its disagree-
ment with Llle Senate's additloa of
=942,000 for subddles for heltoopter sesr-
loes tit Negr Yort City. Los Angeles, and
Chicago.
I would data Noted ?~-et" cn r+ollcvnp
tote Nei. g!, fdr ~ tia..s~'e of ills Watet
Quallb Act' of 1116ti. Tfl1s, too. tr 'ex=
tamely dedn~bb iegselauoa anQ fs s toter
step forward In the Mht on water
polltitlotl.
1'lrtlrlly, lilt. Bpeal[er, I woafd bare
Voted "nay" on toUdsri ? tlo. TR, said
"yea" on rollcwu No. 79, against reooen-
tntttal, and for passage of $.R. 649'1, the
bql to increase the tJd. oolitributfan Co
the International a[onetarf Fund. As a
meatber of the Internattoelal Fhiaru:e
Bubooanmlttee of the San>~ and Cur-
ratia~r Coaamittee. I sttentted the _ hear-
toss at- t114 . bW, and etrotlsly ~-
ported Its entotment. The bill laercaaea
our tplota to tt? Irstsrnatlotlsl 3f(onetary
Fund by 46 t~eroent. to .tote! of 15.160
mlllioe, 17'11s 1Aar0aee pUl gyre the
IIrllted t3tatlas addltfpnal funds open
whlctt Lo draw to sUevltrte our current
short-roil balance-of-ors 'deflott.
This bql strengthens t110 Intemsttonal
I[onetac7- Fund. and. tha'fbY. enhar-cea
the stabWty, of e>tahatue markets, and
promotes fntertprt~toaal trade.
PR.ICBiI]EN1"8 R80QUB8T FOR ADDI- ?
~, . TIONAL FI)i4U8
n his publla address to the
assembled Jtfambera of . Ooagress tWs
rosaening- .
hear t2te Preddeat~b ~iscuas tt>,ef crises irs
V1~iiwat apd . tie Dorilinloan 8epubile
without stattt4t mat our policy ft to com-
pletely remove. 'the CWtilmuniAt aferiace
to both o1 these countries.. The Preat-
dent was laboNowly earrylag evatar on
both shtialders ki that he was asking
Clonirets lor, eRditttt 7gilibary turWa
w,title Z! beggfetse Communists
to sAtet ltlto neRoWltbtu.
IC yy lnognstatent for us to hire made
the rieoeessri and dramatic nwve to the
Dominican Republk wltt-aut toglctrily
deYeloping a policy of completely elimi-
nating Coaamutitat aubvel'dve acttvltics
!n that country snd reinstltutiug a pto-
gram which would produce 4 legitimate
government in Cuba. sirpe the. Castro
t Is dtreat>y tntolved in the
faban .f+etolt sod In Red guerrWs
acti~lttes to Qitfer Latta Atlterfosri tsaida:
l~tegotiatloris !ln Y-etnsw will be trilit-
fess it they permk continued Clommudet
aubvaslari is -Lass snd Cambodts arld
lewrG North Vletrram as an tiulmoiested
Red bastion. " if we alb' W follow our
obllgatioh td'pternrve pesoe~with free=
dam for our allies to southeast Asia.
eaforaement of a< policy whldr would prE-
tent North Vietnam from snppotting ag-
gresdoa fa necessary.
Ttie Presldetit fs obvloudy weskeriing
to the face of growitrg Communist pres-
?sure sad tfu du'111 Grid of appeseeatrerlt
comltls from msty Pf hb part,T's larding
oonllnedoaal tits Theratore. it 4
neceasars far flee putoilo sad the Re-
publican 3tess+bsrs of consras to refn-
tlgotate ilia Presldettt's dsferadta-tlott'to
matntatfe a stitirl6 stand fin deteflse of nut
Dresent is and to ,logicslllr
csrl7 nuts of thwartlitg W Cam-
munlat activities !n the Western Hemlil-
ptlere Furtliergwc+e, we ?anust stop the
Reds ooid In sant>isast Ada aM we csir-
not equfrooate on that point.
STATEIdENT OF PR.B$1~SQT JA1[>c8
Y. NABRI'I', JR., O! SOWAIiD 17NI-
VER$ITY CONCERNING OR+CIAIII-
ZATION KNOWN A$ BTOD$NTB
FOR ACADEMIC FREaDO~[
intr. )iiA'II'HEVVB ast~ed and was
gigcn permission to txtend h1s remsirits
at thLs point in the Rscoas and to laclude
eiltraneoua matter.)
Mr. IVIA'1-i'HEWS. Ii[t. 8peaber, I en-
close for the record very tsltereetlns ar-
ticles which appeared in that Was'llltlgton
Past on April 9tt, and in the IIA. Ntws ~
World Report of fJwy 10. 1~ which
quoted President Jaanes K. Nabrlt, Jr., .
of Howard Unirerslty, ootioerntag an or.
ganieation lulown as Btudaats for Aca-
deatic Freedom.
Z want to congratulate Pi+gtdent Na-
brit for hi8 forthright attrtement. and
say that actlv(tiea of this troop have
been caned to my attention N ottiar ot-
Aelafs to other univetsittes. I !lope ~
university otYlcials will express thtlr
opinions concerning this orgslttloatton,
because, as President Nabrit stated:
Tluy must be unmaslceA tot tba frattda
they are. Thq mtnst W. fatprt to strory
arena: and they must IIot tie p~LLtW1 to
prevail.
'The articles follow:
flti'ont the Washlit`tat Pest. wpe? ~. 1661
Howsso Uxrvssstzv QxaaaR ila,atrd OM ??
Otntrtna leads
(Hy Btephep C. ~)
President Jwmea K. Iiatxtt. ,11~., stl Hoteard
University yeateMay blaaned' reoMtt nsfhst
at Roward on a yew students he itsileves
W tn[-uenced by ?.e=ternaa dLeupq>?? la~oM. '
' "They are people who ofaait tf?mrieltns in
the ttiancle of civil rlghterr sod plot and plan
In secret to dLU?ttpt our Aght tat ~ontlce sad
ttiY11 ctttsen.htpp ?? ttatieit sNd >>a a ststatasnt
approved by the untverdty`a boatri o[ trw-
Leoa,
..They moat be unaaasked foe the tratids
they are. Thep mwp be fought fa every
arena, and they must sot be permitted to
~revsil."
wt . press ooaterettae y..terarr. 2tsbeft said
he was reisrrfn~ to the Htudenta3w' /1pWeatric
Freedom.
Ths s~uv spon.orea a' tusaaslaii~taa u
tiowsrd tae trWrly w pnMat MMrPnl.n7
Bl'>ri'O, olw attsadanw ntMa sari ilia i7al-
vaeslty's notion w chsaKlns ttre ~r d ?
pbllwophy ptc[eeeor. ?bewt tllMr . stttdso0a
pthaeed tar iM dsmowtrntlaa.
lsabatt said t'he 4Mna~Non t?lstatad no
itaiveraq tote. ana cw eeboat tw tabu so
steps to dtseiplfne 11a Uadera.
"Hitt." he v-artred. "I wla sot alt idly by
snd see the ahiversit~ ttwon>? s pl~ux of
law1eeaacaa snd dtsordet
He added that on Dos oodistau W Mttr two
known Coaunudsta on a !lMadaftt tat Aes-
demic lreedam plcitet line.
fiabtlt also eaprassad egaieMar owe ?.in-
et+awtti evidetaos of . isatt at aatpaot:? tWy
eonegtuted sotiotfty ttoW air Sowstd sat
of protsat aemooatrsaooa s.a.esuy. tis
tatld "they Ore not ttli o?lir. ataawar. '1'h.y
an ?schind' a pmt of drpialatrta~g retluns. ~-
we must adhere to s rtW of Ear."
lie also de[sttded dry iiOwaN stuaa~s tloty
sdsinst apathy ohat[t . >r ? }ode tstweat b .eeaklleb tea the LfopsteZaaae of TVA?s oantpt*.4 1s ee-
setttre elpht, tiele, am to sty far any want ww.sMbds sr Mims: win antes , optration with In... small isdgso eatA Lind
ve Una or Idea, pa.estebeto as, atoll bss 1$W ~ b.foce i!pNyM t !sl Tau sitaeMt the 'arms" We serve.
- - - - - --- ~...... .w t. the .resent ab tion_ , n"her . me
aoo+nm.ac _.w -- _ -
4$, of employaa ut) us" an lower ?.bas any
other ...that M
is .aosldlMUm of my ewrlc7lser1 by, witness on doom nsn1 --+. M.. man businesses uck as ans. 7VA lowbe w
the only SWAM of a satist.ctory se,.testreeNf
1. I will not disclose ? to eRnyars. eettelle (impow-V Rua tetwi) --- - ---- whisk. Provides the only mesas tar we Ad wet ..
of . or use In other than btirfb VOW ` .-- saw we take WWI tufte credit tae webCieet-
Hess. any oonMeatiai tnfor aItm er ea s- 1 p . meats in the fled of production.. W. eMa,
vial relating to the btsdams of or Its Va>tsr 1Vr+laaln.` . most ci art auooe to TVA. and wp balMue.
stdalbdi M.. either during or after say that the tsdastty abould reooswas TWA ,teq
t, except with - -- wrtetw per- XaiarRVOis: twit.. Rskniely A; 1Mt; makl =*)W ooatrlbutioos %o Uqutd fesslt 1.
.; Ilve~fi!.t.,ahLow.,., , tone t.cbn kLy..tb. ww ad whisk IS.ot - Mon a. twill not diploae to or t~sua U.
i. Senatl{, sld.nWy, enhanced by your .epylylaL sew.
aLaey
to teen. any. coafarL.W1*I' lptormatior Wdshfnptot. D.Q.' materials.Those of w too stoat to
a material belonging to others.. . , lRaa tleraigR TLIUb `rlleq tlta endow teeidasl stria an 91MAGA4
a. I will comply, and 40 sue thlake .Ales.., tells? o1m1 . ttoo., m~ a fah' dell !I(O.. a reotpleate of you does
lc+prstat Jgierosgtioa.-*
eery tae to comply. wtw D A. Cis se s- tbaaghtlr want bsbk` to tIM da , lhim) t yews rly. When, mmJore won in the "I&-
moult regulations, and witttprdslileaeit ann. %A vnm T appMrwd bolter oosdral$bo d L nor. >toatsleN>)V .
pollay. thq GK~ t~atoagt-fials aaa 4d~tl
tesete between the Seen" at .00 lei: ' W ate hearbw on Oorsroaeeat patent nee
ernm nt or their contractors cad,-?-??.wbYfe. Z 0 1 I will Ielan we 4Vottssrd the last mat productsmp~t wank for then r o b " either to patens rights or to tee sale. new prooeases dev.{op.4 by TVA to its ter- ens, W. Independents. Plow, this sotl!T4 is.
guarding of Infoesaation, par *$DL W ,t1N. Minor r.wret an Patented Lye THAI. tsiat lately proprietary. So snotbar eos.ers,14
def.aSs of the United Stalls, them paeSen sea nods avallaaA In ilea fern our inability to keep up In anta. product .
L i herby oaten to my situn right. tigser harshs, on u royalty free, nanexelva. velop nept. We. and most of utaati
title and interest in any Invention or Idea. Iva bads; Said that se a result of thin policy. independent rertwser man att t a!r~
patentable or not,. hereafter made or, con- farmers are getting, nose and patter eeeesbel almost entirely dependent upon TVA for tltlf
calved Solely or jointly by me: Ierttutstss and at lower prices than Wry did t function.
(a)? while working In - - - in as *ROW. 10 or 12 !Sara agar a be able to depend on TVA in is
ea vassal.. - m.. ;W. ?teo d Ytwa4 the sps* 1 Wtpor ?. 14un to supply matertai not
sSe avsilattU ?
Imo.soh o cr mgLUc a ginewatng Pla ospeoltpuoity (lacYlWing do- at. TVA's r.eMrohaR4 Its Io.
Industry. -and to carry out semsarsb INC_MI
vispsieaA unassKsotsring. egsMms. A"M" . Product development wart for the
selsaM .oleo AM atslssser engfaeSrhei 1: end TIE iiiii-al" 9 . i :.: wn~ ?arPd!w wbo bow Be. ftd"?W - *ram
as.ttsea am r..p[P...- II-..- M .... ......?,.
I .aanet oouoelvs cf any men With a eases The foaowtag sre.Inv.atosa Or ides., not We. came
of Jwttee sot lndlsg this patent'*VWARwe oovwrd'bY'pes.fgraPh 4. ta' whit#i T bait any attl taciem It VIf11oa Dam. sad obsefev.~
at variance with Article fat the OaaatltuUon right, titi., or Interest end *I&& were p'e' the raearoa and development wart.' Act-%
the United States. vtoosty ? casatved itttiet whelp or to ghat our staff made trials of , .umber d
by as. WA Heiler rweMsbN trot Sled Is the f allow we ware Interested Is. M4
i ? ' uw: Pasest.oetie: quass/M` bouU to writs that gave us samples for observottae. 'hq-
IEMrtotsis Co.rmsx'n*L,IMiUMtaifat? vas "jostle). ...... day our company, under free OWING frout
Iwvrsrrtoar Astft.t sty L1eietfpeMn atu*soefn+?ste : (If efpptlsable) n~ol~vtalrerrha/o with e0essaef4atll 11slieeoese
I ale" believe that a {one tar?wWas'-aw,' t~wev~ a+e~ ~--r-----
TMme ere thowelww of: wts sateJ- sill ,, ???r.?.~pepr.ssofMtsa)'. , ' tb;u of ttdag wet-peoosM
u....te Mt:tures- the rata an
is ouggeetaa NY air rsasv save I.q >?a .~ .n.~ .??~ ~, ----- -- ~~is to r bate been Sato : T4
synod to aw or war pa by MO tbt? re sntatloele,; tptdefsMsdid^ Mew 4.,I
-- - - - , :.r .. !!e .haeAen tits nae}tlattt+
. t10 aOb ditl. Mr. Pted-
assign to behave. of It prior invert- comma fa 70ar heaths IbM.1 fed sun yteu dint. I suggest the absence of a Qtteetzm.
ti anremmeot with wwoft I. .tee- wnl to tatu{wi.d to an It. Taoldental>1r. lb.
lie. ve Until (("we a-" and date or Tile PRBSMDO OP WZM Thg Mot wino-none"1: 1e~ Ia to reps+mmtlt a PxStt- clerk will cis the roll. k_j alsors
5. T that to oo n etion 'With say io ad terours , Ilet- stag Otter #o4 our Infer or idea covered by Paragraph t' to this Gold i is oaovae-assttattutrtnyotti 1/ol the rIEQlalattTe Clark PnOCMded to Of~l
p to h sho ow re reetgte s. the roil.
(a) I win dlsolo S it pradlptly to the low , swoeeety Tew% Mr. LOBO of irouWana. ? W. -PUd-
patent opetatbw manager: area AguMv S. w.iesit dOa1. I oat tntsnllltotua eoeraelfR '1"
a (b) I wm, as his rte le tnpny ~. 't order for the quorum can be reoftleb. qpaof) do reaeosahb iteoeemary to . Ovacarra pwfs.eeft *' Co., b*.. The PRE9IDINO O!!RC
enat~ -T-,-- to escur. S pst~n6 th r tar !n s/otwo~ R.t4Jtttwss.y !f. cite. o4 lori. it tom offdered. -,
the Otitted lltaW said tooni5a c entrim- Mfr. A. J. wseer .
I. 1' represent that A bans lpdicated an cheb,aee, teem of Dlrvotorw. Tanneries
THE SITUATIONS IN VISIl a'* Alt!)
the back of this form whether or net I have Tolley Authorfty._Xnosvpu, Tees. Team","
any InwenUone or Ideas. not.oeeevd by pass- Data Aft W.aee.a: The t+eaeat efe.d in the THE DOMINICAN REPUM X -
grapb a. In which I bees any right, tltM. er fertiliser Industry oonttasss. sad It appear
interest. and which were prevtouay non- that .mall Independent manufacturers ach Mr. LONG of Lo11LUWa Mr. Pred-
ceived either wholly or in part by me. but as our own am w w be at an even greater dent, this morning the President at the
Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120034-7
 .May 4, 1965 Approved For 0?11r /4& :lM$6M 4M*00500120034-7 90 5
United States called to the White House stand the courage, the determination. the preelte measure that
members of three important oospmittees and conviction of the Americm should be iseed
ge
of the Senate and the House of I~ our free- to defend freedom, few, If epthe as.. well ",our commitment to own free_ have the United States reneany. wotdd
ege an its
reasons ea why he He felt for
this Pointed out to them the dom. commitments. Few. it any. l,(embeiss of
Nation to stand firm Vintnam and to to I believe we have pesa uaded therm by the Senate and House of Rcpresentativ
our firm position in Berlin, and by the would have America stand Idly by at the
evacuate civilians of this Nation and firm Position this Nation took in Turkey. proep ect,of a friendly nation being over-
others who were caught to the unfor- Greece, and Cuba, that this Nation will whehned and driven into some form of
tunate situation that developed in the fight. It will fight any sort of war that Communist slavery. and do nothing to
Dominiclan Republic. may be necessary to preserve freedom In help that friendly nation defend its
The President went Into conaidesgble this world. liberties,
detail to explain the problems. in both As much as we love peace. we love Mr. DODD. Mr. President, will No
those Instances and Indicated how much freedom and liberty even more. There- Senator from Louisiana yield?
he felt the support of the Congress and fore, we have reason to hope and be- Mr. LONG of Louisians. I am glad to
o
f the American people was needed' In the lieve that it will not be necessary to yield to the Senator from Connedieut.
effort of the
peace in the Old and In defending to maintain engage in a general war with the only Mr. DODD. Let me compliment say
who have common irrtdef en ma with those power on earth really capable of waging friend the assistant majority leader for erests against emcommo subversion and Caen- general war against the United States. his great foresight and understanding of
monist overthrow. We do not wish to engage in such a war, the situation which cxrnfrorda us In Vlet-
This Senator was pieacaed to see the and we believe that they do not. As long nom. I am happy to know that her has
standing ovation from the large number as they know that America will stand up uttered words of support for the P~t-
aMth courage, under any circumstances, dent and the President's request for 0700
of Representatives and Senators who to protect its vital Interests and Its lib- million additional for the Armed Forces
were members of those Important com- ernes. we have every reason to believe of our Nation.
mittees when the President explained that such a war can be avoided. As the Senate knows, I have Just re-
this Nation's position and the steps that Sometimes the United States gains the turned from Vietnam. I have talked
had been taken to seek peace and to pre- impression that the Chinese.Con}munlsts with the Senator from Louisiana andthe
serve the liberty of this Nation and that still remain to be convinced. We do not Senator from Mississippi IMr. Svvrrrrsl
of friendly nations. wish to use any more farce than needs- on this subject. It was an u
The President asked that we app;opri- sary to convince that huge nation that en m-
ate an additional $700 million to pay the we seek no war with e ers to witness the reaction at Meis
expense of the defense of freedom in we wt1T defend the arms s w we , are but oomthat b hens of f Congress o the P one of the
Vietnam and In the Dominican Republic. - eXWanation of his poedtioa, one of the
I am pleased to we that icangvgnreseiorra matted to'defend and will defend them most heartening and encouraging events
I aTB please in the se Senate and in the with whatever force may be necessary. I have ever witnessed.
I believe that the Chinese Communists Mr. LONG of Louisiana. The Prest-
House-have given assurances that the are coming to the conviction that that is, dent made a statement this morning
President's request will be considered in indeed, the position of the United States. which has been made by many ottress_
short order. I would hope no Member of They are coining to understand w a I do not claim that the President is the
Congress would vote to deny our men little better as a result of the strong first one to have said it, but I know be
the necessary weapon; and support to position which the President has taken fully believes that whenever this Nation
carry out their orders to protect this Na- in regard to South Vietnam ? has stood firm, pa rtlcula
lion's vital interests. Therefore. I hope Sometimes, unfortunately the press have armed ourselves qu when he
that Congress will vote for the appro- makes It appear.--and perhaps some tart and let it be knownnadequate
han t we to
would
priatlon by an overwhelming majority. Senators and Representatives also make do whatever was necessary to defend
The show of unity behind the Presi- It appear-that America does not, have freedom. we have prevailed We have
dents position in providing funds. for the determination to stand fast, and that had dffcultiy when we left our
antatt-
these basic needs and for our fighting if the pressure is kept up against us, we ontata In doubt as to our Intentions.
forces will make an Impression on these might relent in our determination to Our adversaries are beginning to have
who think that through terrorist tactics, defend freedom. some. understanding that American
by the murour der of
Installations, Innocent civilians, by In my judgment, anyone who believes thought In this field has crystallized to
athey can keep that is greatly mistaken. A minority the extent that Americans know the
pressure on this Nation, and that by'so which might differ with the Presidents President has a great burden upon h
doing they will cause this Nation to ca- views can sometimes be made to look shoulders, and the country will support
pitulate in Its efforts to preserve freedom .much larger and more Influential than him.
and to preserve the position of all free It is, but Congress has voted on this Mr. DODD. I quite agree with the
nations on the earth. issue tine and again, and by huge able and distinguished Senator from
There are some who differ with the majorities has voted the funds to con- Louisiana He and the Senator frdm
President's policies. Perhaps some can tinue the operation of our armed services Mississippi r Mr. Srrxrrrs l , also know
find some reason for disagreement In one to carry on the defense of freedom and that I have. recently completed an ex-
detail or another. But there Is no doubt prevent enslavement by aggressors from tensive tour of the Far. East? which has
in my mind that the overwhelming ma- airy source whatsoever, given me the opportunity to obtain a
josity of the American people and the Consequently, I applaud the Presi- first-hand look at hie war in Vietnam,
overwhelming majority of Members of dent's statement this morning. I was what I call the auxiliary war In Laos,
the Congress stand solidly behind the pleased to notice that he received overt and the Indonesian confrontation with
President in his efforts to see that no whelming standing applause from the Malaysia.
more nations are taken over by the Com- more than 100 Senators and Representa,_ At a later date, r will report to the
munist conspiracy In this hemisphere, tives who listened to the explanation of Senate in more detail on that trip;
and that the commitment this Nation has his position. In anticipation of the more complete
made to preserve freedom around the There Is no doubt in my,mind that the statement which I Intend to present. I
world will be honored, appropriation recommended by the Pree- want to say at this juncture that the war
Some people understand Americans Ident will receive overwhelming support, In Vietnam is now going much better for
better than others. There have been a that while some Senators may differ In our aide.
number of showdowns with the Commu- small degree, all senators share the same There are many evidences of this.
nests who control the Soviet Union. As desire as to what the United States ui- The Vietnamese Armed Forces have pin
a result of the firmness which we have timately wishes; namely, peace I be-
evidenced and which their embassies and lieve that the great majority Senators recent months Inflicted The ery C trheavy meert,
agents reported back to those Ina v on the taking Vietcong.
prisoners, eapt
in the Soviet Union, I believe they under- s me comptely mmaay have minor o ere c t lag forces more are weapons, more receiving ahDr! Me defecfec-
o
Nu. 79 - -10
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tors. urea re omm es Mr. President, I would like to say a the Soviet. Cuban and Communist Chl-
of arms and ammunition and rice. few words, too, about the situation in nese regimes.
There are certain parts of the country the Dorainlolan Republic because I am Following the coup against former
where the situation Is still precarious. convinced that it represents a Commu- President Bosch in 1985. the APCJ and
But there are Important regions which "fit mrwswver to-divert some of our at- the MPD launched an ",open guerrilla
have witnessed dramatic Improvement. tentton and some of our forces from warfare movement in the hfntesiand. of
I spent the better part of a week In Viltnam- the Dominican Republic
Vietnam and In Laos, moving from point t believe that the overwhelming ma-' Some Dominicans known to have re?
to point by helloopter.and plane. I had jorky of the American -people heartily calved training in Cuba took part in:that
lengthy discussions with fnruy''of the. applaud President Johnson's prompt abortive effort.
people in that area, wlth~our great Am- and courageous action in dealing with The bulk of the captured rebels were
bassador, Maxwell Taylor.,-who, I be- the Dominican crisis. deported in May 1964, and most of them
lieve is one of the truly great Americans Sp long as there appeared to be a became political exiles In France. Prom
of our time-and with his brilliant as- possibility that the revolution was sum- there, many have since traveled in" the
sistant, Alexis Johnson, and members of ply directed against the militar? junta. Soviet bloc countries, including Cuba,
the Rosbassy staff; with General West- President Johnson adhered to a hands- and Communist China, returning to. the
moreland and his senior omoers. As the off policy. But when it became clear Dominican Republic recently.
Senator from Mississippi knows, he is care beyond the possibility of doubt that Since they were generally leader, of
"of our really outstanding. great soldiers, hard-core Communist' elements were In ability and standing. and moreover bad
a man of great. character and ability. I effective control of both the political the benefit of recent training and orieri-
also had a lengthy, discussion with Prime 'and' military, aspects of the revolution. tation, they have been. able to reor-
Mintster Quat and his cabinet the President was confronted with an ganize their parties in preparation toe
I was. impressed and, Indeed, deeply invidious choice-a choice which no an opportunity such as the present crisis
moved, by the dedication of our Embassy President of the United States could have presents.
personnel, our AID officials, and the resolved in another manner.. At the outset of the coup d'etat at-
American officers and ClI's serving in The free' nations of the Ameriou can- tempt, within 1 or 2 hours of the first
Vietnam. . ' not afford a second Cuba In the Carib- rebel moves. members of the Castroist
There sire no faint hearts among the bean Sea. A Castro regime In-the Do- June 14 movement were already busy in
Americans In Vietuiam, no voices crying minican " Republic would ? oonatitute a the streets of Santo Domingo calling an
for withdrawal because the war is "too grave' long-term threat to the security the populace to come out and demon-
difiicult or the burden too great. 'of all *our nations, and an immediate- strata In favor of the call for restorstioe
On the contrary, everyone I met"in threat to ? the political stability of the of constitutional government by eat-
Vietnam, from Ambassador : Taylor and Latin nations of the hemisphere. President Bosch. ,
General Westmoreland down.to the rank The great majority of those who par- Communist and Castroist leaders
of private, was convinced that the war ticipated In 'the Dominfdan revolution shortly thereafter got quantities of arms
could be won and determined that At are, certainly not Communists. But the and ammunition from the magazines of
must be won. hard experience of Cuba teaches us that the -27 February" Camp outside, Santo
I met many soldiers from Connecti- a handful 'of Communists occupying the Domingo, where rebelling Army officers
out at the Denaug airbase. I talked command positions can impose their will had seized control as the opening act of
with them alone. Their of cers were. In defiance of a disorganised, undleci- the coup.
-not present. Our soldiers know why planed. democratic majority. A sizable quantity of arm and aromas
they are in Vietnam. They?wish,to.stay I wlsb to present for the considers- nition fell into the hands of leaders of
there. This made such a deep. impres- Lion of my colleagues a few essential the PSPD-orthodox Communists-,.and
ston upon me that I shall never forget: it. facts which I received from an authorl- the members of this party were cube iy
Volunteers man the bel copters--,sell- tative "source coneerning the Communist "formed "into armed paramilitary tegms
copters with .open , dam, rrlachlneguns 'role in the DbfninIcan crisis. which fanned out In the downtown and
at hand, leaning out. and guarding Among the rebel forces, and playing "?bam?"_...jum . taking control of
against the Communist ~lipp!~ They an important role In organizing the reb- secondary targets and organizing the U*.
an all volunteer American s,idlers, ell as well as carrying on much of the habitants.
every single one of them. Not one of paramilitary action 'are 88 Identified, ' such PSPD leaders as Buenaventura
them ever said that he wished to go prominent Communist and Castroist Johnson and Fidello Despradel were par-
home. I heard that some had asked to leaders.. ocularly active in organising these
have their tour of duty extended so that They include I8 persons' known or re- teams. 4; .
they could stay on:the job. llably reported to have been trained :In At the same time a party Military
I also wish to tell the Senator from subversive and paramilitary tactics by headquarters was established and arms
Louisiana and the Senator from Misais- the Cuban Intelligence Service or other collected from loyalist pollee and miii-
sippi and all my colleagues in the Senate -similar Cubah Organizations: and 40 who tary were stored there. btber strong-
that wherever I went In Asia I met with have been reliably and clearly Identified points were organized.
the most enthusiastic Approval of lp'resi- over the past few years as Communist Also leading the organisation of ex-
dent J.ol;nsgn's twin coairiiitnsent ,to and Castroist subversives. -creme leftist-paramilitary units were
freedom and peace In ' ebutheait ' Asia. Playing a key role In the tactical di- Jaime Duran. who ? received "ppram14-
Ihdeed, I am convinced that American section of the rebel forces Is Manuel tary training in Cuba In 1969, and Juan
prestige among the countries of the Far Gonzales-Gonzales. an experienced Ducoudray. who has been a liaisop l nk
East has never been higher than it is Spanish Communist Party activist who between Cuba and the Dominican Re-'
today. I talked with heads of state In has been working with the Dominican public for the supply of weapons,
every country. I talked with our people Communist Party for at least the past All of these actions are believed to have
there. I talked with many other people. 2 years. been directed under the generalship of
I tried to see and hear as much as I There are three Communist political Manuel Gonzalez Gonzalez.
could. organizations Involved. They are the With their relatively tight discipline
I asked those people, "What do you Partido Socialists Popular Dominicano- and effective organization, the estreaie
think? Do you think what we are doing PSPD, Dominican Popular socialist lefti4t groups. particularly the. , D.
is on the right track?" Without axeep- Party--which follows Moscow's direc- but also, prominently, the MPD apd the
Lion the answer was, . "Yes." it was tion; the Mov*mlento Popular Domini- June 14 movement, were soon pfov$411Ag il
,unanimously in the attlruative. -nano-_3CP1. Dominican Popular Move- a significant portion of the rem jgtw
They are all outstanding people. and -ment-a small but aggressive Marxist- and were decisively infuencing?.tb.. .
they are doing an outstanding jpb for ? Leninist revolutionary party which fol- litical leadership of the rebellions
the free world. lows the Chinese Communist ideological in the beginning, had been in test
I earnestly hope that Congress will line. and the Agrupacion Politics of the Bosch party leaders. 's nil
move expeditiously to appropriate the Catoree de Junlon-APCJ, 14th of June Extreme leftists took trol of
supplementary funds requested by the political group-the largest of the three Santo Domingo and operated In
typw
President. which Is known to have connections with Castro style, parading captured loyali s
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rr. ore Leievieton cameras and harangu- I have said, because. I believe. it to be
Ing viewers with slogans and denuncia- true, that the outbreak in the Dominican
dons of "the bourgeois reactionaries, Republic it directly tied to our struggle
Impertallsts," and so forth. in southeast Asia to defend the freedom
By April Yf the provisionaj govern- and h3depeudence of the people of
ment formed by Rafael Molina Urene Vietnam,,
contained members and oilsclals Who were I predict that we can expect more of
either established Communist' or. Cas- this In orrm place after another and that
troist personages or had histories, of sus- we must be prepared for it, and that we
sociation with the extreme left. Among must do everything in our power to
these were Luis H. Lajas Gonzalo, a strengthen the President's band.
Trujilloist who subsequently switched to 1'1 we do not now stand strong, we shall
the Castroist camp. and Alfredo Oonde stand weak at a later and more terrible
Pause, a well-known sympathizer with hour.
the PSPD, whose two sons are PSPD Some friends have said to me, "Laos
member's. and Vietnam do not seem to be the right
This was the complexion at Use retie?- plic . '
id
h
l e
ave sa
- ? .. " ?
, a ne,v WILL have Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I yield.
had
Boschorganized the revolt to restore to do, There is no better place, and
best that we make our stand now.' It L Mr. DODD. I think, it would .b. of
, realizing that th~+ir' tnov~etnent : great interest to the Senator froass-Loais?
had been captured by thhl? Castrolst?and As the Senator from Louisiana. has. so lava and to the Senator from Isola pt.
Communist left, took asylum and by this well Pointed out, every time we have I have heard in the Senate Chamber,
action renounced their by now lamely stood firm. we have come gut all right. I have read In our
newspapers. nominal leadership. And I am confident that we smell Come heard on the radio, and beard
There is .little room for doubt that the out all right this time if we stand firm- People on televt " people
PRD civilian leaders of the revolt, with to Vietnam. in Laos: In the Dominican In Vietnam do not have any any inn amain
the exception of Bosch-who Is not 13h; the Republic, all around the world, with our freedom. y ' Sosi t
scene and lacks firsthand knowledge- tree frfende and allies. theThey are not w!?ltng b ;
have all at least private>?1=rtcognised the The PreWdent is not only committed forttterna ! astonished,
capture of their revolt bar the extreme to standing firm, as he has amply dent- to was learn that g0 cent of. and ed
left. No ciyllsrn PRD'leadetr of,any.atg- onstr'ated, but he L committasj just as forete South percent re vie armed
nificance remain with the rebels Most gb' to thsisquest.tor peace. s Vietnam are a olunteery
if not all have taken u frt - I reeaZI that I- was in Korea and, later onm is , They iru to thsuk about An any
Sumo teas s and private arouses in in tbz,Ur" 407. W Taiwan, when the tea In vileted much Urrm
e
Domingo. Plesident made his speech in Baltimore lessee on the enemy. Venter
Rafael Molina Urena Is in sayhrar In abaft. Unconditional discussion. II was amazed, also, to hear from ear
the Colombian Embassy. The headlines had to do with that part
Jose Francisco Pena Gomez Is in hid- of his speech Inwhick he spoke of uncon- ha1~e ? any l 9" I asked tttem,'Tlpthey
ing in the home of a friend. ' ditionai discussions. They ignored the
Martinez Francisco, PiisD secretary President's total commitment to the _ They a have "Do they have any piiod
general. Publicly exhorted the .rebel tp freedom' of Vietnam and southeast Asia. have about 800 more Pan sad
lay down their arms. I Said to those who expressed mix- they will soon have more than I,"0.
After he had wittrdl awls from the re- 6fvings, "Read 1the whole speech:" Of And they are wonderful pilots."
volt and taken refuge, pen& ()on=. who course. we are for unconditional discup. t14>b that Im their po record rtantly. on the mperhaps,. Weatntenn chid
had been one of the chief arChtrftU' of -sdons because we are ready at any .alas the revolt. informed ani 'Am eritraa zrrt to ait down and taut with these who are ?rid serviceability of aircraft Is at least
bossy officer that he considered his move- W a Position to stop this fighting and to at good as ours. That is somethhg to
rent to have been defeated.. He said end this war with Justice for all. to that about e-the dose not people wish of vi igh it is
that the Communists who joined the That is our hope and our ontlr. perppu: ter ms. to gTst for
rebel force infiltrated into podtions of and It should never be understood as a
Importance and that it'was ve;y dtMc.uit weakness. I, went Into some little hamlets and
to stop them. In his withdrawal, Pena I could not be more pleased that he its. villages- where I met the mayors and the
recognized that the only, other alterna- No man wants war. No man rrantstvsee vlfage chiefs, Slid I found that In tmk
tive would have been to support a bare- people killed. But no man wants to we instances the third or fourth or b,
faced Castroist grab for Power. the whole world carted to Commu- sixth or seventh in the line of suceaf-
This recognition was summed up hm- atstsiarary. That, I believe, Is the Igo sicn,. Their predecessors have had their
plicity by the PRD secretary Serseral, Be I Join with the Senator from l oel eats cut by the Communists in Vier..
Martinez Francisco. 1p his radio address ana In his support of the President. I oontr attacks, most of the time
to the nation 'from Sad Idtdfu an April wall do all, I can to help bring about 00 I said to one of them, "You are a
28: the Quick enactment of the proposed leg- pretty brave fellow. Where I come from
I beg all to lay down their arrmsms, , turning lslatioa! whleiv he be& requested it would be hard to find a community in
than In to the nearest t mmury Pont, ecause Mr. LONG of Louisiana, I thank the Which You could get a man to rmi for
Parties. Is no longer s agar between pout>cal Senator. mayor when five of his predgeeasol6 had
Mr. President, the Senator from Con- had their throats cut." And I think. it
It Is only against this background that necticut has made a fine contribution to In true.
President Johnson decided that he had this Nation's foreign policy. It is an But they do not have trouble ttdmg
no alternative but to Intervene. honor to serve with him on the pbreign replacements in Vietnam.
It to my earnest hope that the Organf- Relations Committee. Ilia recommertda- This Ii the kind of people with whom
ration of American States will heed the tons down through the years have been we are fighting, and r thinly that the
r President's request and will at an early wise. He has advocated that we stand American people ought to knov- II.
date dispatch an inter-American force firm In the face of aggression, His phi- Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Itis also un-
to the Dominican Republic for the pur- th oey~d rally has meant that when portant to realize that for every casualty
o creating ~ doom strike US, we ShOUld strike back d064rW and d" free- we have suffered. for eve~y pose of f order 1, that, has lost. his life in Vietnam American
who
scumt amd of essential for stable and dehe co a goer- should r. U strike they back eAl0 strike ap1Al, we 'naatese have sacrificed their Uves In at-
eseenua . ven harder. That is tempting to defend freedom. f bell+'e,,
I ho the policy that our Nation is pursuin
Meanwhile
th
.
g
eir loss of lives have run a~hte
move rapidly to demope the Senate will We do not wish to use any more fora killed. This would Indicate that Of 1hin
nstrate that in the than Is necessary, but we shall use what- Of cause of freedusn we are prepared to pay ever force is necessary to defend free- the Valtar f
taaofefr have for esy Oisesl M
any Price. dam In this world. Our enemies should our Nationh given in efertdlp .feee-
be well. aware, that when they decide to
resort to additional methods to destroy
freedom and strike at addittonal nations,
we expect to use other measures avail-
able to us. I hope that we can have
more help and support from friendly na-
tloos which realize this problem.
At the- Present time our Nation is do-
Mig its Job and Is doing it well We shall
succeed because we have a leader who has
the vision, the courage, and the wisdom
to realize what our Problem in. and be-
Cause the People have the goon judgment
to follow that leader.
Mr DODD. I should like to add one
ttlsing, if the Senator will yield, tu-
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 9038 CONGRESSIONAI. RECORD - SENATE May '4, 196
does against C uCMled tc&IRMteasesWGZblD/A6thaAeR?R6t7E*6446R0 6G-W 2O( 4-17ress last Wednesday,
that area. revered chairman of the Colmittee oil
Mr. DODD. That does not take into Armed Services, the distinguished senior
account the thousands, who bane been Senator from Georgia (Mr. RVseaticl,
kidnaped. The kidnaping that is going During the recovery of Senator RICIURD
on in this war is a terrible thing. Rosszu. from his illness, the Senator
The Communists move in at night. They from Mississippi (Mr. S'cYxxisI has been
grab the children and 'the wives of these seriii g as the acting chairman of the
brave people and take them off, Clod Committee on Armed Services and .has
knows where, probably never. to be.heard done so in an outstanding manner. I
from again. have had the opportunity to hear, him
Most men would rather diethan suffer manage bills that have come from the
that disaster. But those men continue Committee on Armed Services. He Is
the fight. carrying on in a style of which the Na-
Our people have no idea of what is Lion can be proud. I know that our dis-
going on in this distant place frpm.ua tinguished chairman (Mr. Rtrestft] will
or of the courage of those who are con- Join me in expressing gratitude to the
tinning to tight on with trur support. Senator. from Mississippi for the excel-
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will the lent work he has done as acting chair-
Senator yield?
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I yield to the
Senator from Mlatsissippl.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator.
I commend the Senator from Connecti-
cut for his decision to to to Vietnam and
the other areas he visited. I feel that he
has rendered his country, the Congress,
and, more particularly; the ? Senate,. a
great service.' I am one of those who look
forward to his formal speech. In which he
will give us a report af)d a comprehensive
review of his impressions as well as his
recommendations. He Is peculiarly fitted
to go, and I think he has served his coun-
try well. I hope that the Senator can
deliver his speech some time soon, with
some prior advance notice.
Mr. DODD. I assure the Senator I
shall do so.
I am deeply grateful for the Senator's
compliment. I do not deserve it, but I
am vain enough to enjoy '(t.
Mr. STENNIS. It its quite a chore
which the Senator performed, from a
physical standpoint. His services are
valuable.
If the Senator from Louisiana will yield
to me further. I should like to commend
him for his remarks with reference to
Vietnam and the bill which we shall
shortly consider with reference to a pro-
posed special authorization and appro-
priation, and the firmness -of the stand
of the President; not only with reference
to Vietnam, but also if= reference to the
Dominican Republic. Such firm' stands
put us on the way to a better position,
not only for us, but also the world. I look
forward to his presentation in the Sen-
ate when those questions arise. The
Senator's remarks were very good indeed.
I do not believe that we have anything to
fear so long ac we follow a policy of de-
cision, firmness, and action, although, of
souse, we certainly do not wish any more
war or bloodshed than is absolutely nec-
essary.
But we are certainly living in troublous
times, and we must meet the situations as
they arise, like them or not. I believe
that this time we will.
I thank the Senator from Louisiana
for yielding to me.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. ? Mr. Presi-
dent, I wish to join in the well-deserved
compliment that the Senator from Mis-
sissippi has paid to the Senator from
Connecticut. I agree with him 100 per-
cent that the Senator from Connecticut
has rendered the Nation a great service.
Likewise, the Senator from Missis-
sippi has rendered the c'urtry valiant
man of the Committee on Armed Serv-
ices during this period
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will the
Senator from Louisiana yield?
Mr. LONG of Louisiana. I yield.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator
for his kind remarks. We are delighted
to know that Senator Russltl.'a h-ealth
is Improving, and we look forward to his
early return. The Senator from Georgia
started on my service on the Committee
on Armed Services.
The Senator from Louisiana was him-
self a valued member of that committee.
Mr. LONG of Louisiana, It was a
gleat honor. for me to serve on the Com-
mittee on Armed Services. I was a desk
mate of the Senator from Mississippi
[Mr. Ssxxlal, whose sound judgment
transcended party lines with respect to
our military and foreign relations prob-
lems throughout the years. I appreciate
what he has said, - ,
I believe it should also be noted for
the Racoen that the President of the
United. Mates, before sending American
troops to the Dominican Republic, day
after day called upon the contending
sides for a ceasefire. He did not want
to send American troops to the Domini-
can Republic. But neither did he want
to see innocent men, women, and chil-
dren-civilians-who were not parties to
the contending sides of that struggle,
needlessly sacrificed.
Also, the President did not want to see
a Communist takeover of that island.
He sought to avoid that by sending Amer-
lean troops and by repeatedly calling for
a ceasefire prior to the sending of those
troops. It was only when a ceasefire
could not be arranged that the President
decided it was necessary to use American
troops.
As one Member of this body-and I
think I speak generally on behalf of the
Senate--I believe it would have been
preferable that forces of the Organiza-
tion of American States should have been
available to accomplish the task which
this Nation has found it necessary to
undertake. We hbpe, even at this point.
that the Organization of American
States, through the governments acting
individually, will be able to participate in
restoring democratic government to the
Dominican people.
PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND VIETNAM
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the Rzcoae two significant items which
caption "Bridges Versus People," It was
published on the same date in the Wash.
Itigton Daily News.
Mr. Alsop, in his article, describes the
intense personal interest which the Presf,
dent, as commander in chief, is devoUiW
to the conduct of the Vietnamese war..
when planes have gone on a mission, the
President will frequently stay awake or
will have himself called, so that he can
hear the resu{ts of the mission as soon
as it is completed.
When pilots are missing-
Mr. Alsop wrote-
he has been known to stay awake through
the small hours, to sweat out the final re-
covery of the missing men by the air-sea
rescue service.
Prom my recent travels around Asia.
I concur wholeheartedly In Mr. Alsop's
estimate that the President "looms much
larger in the world today than on the day
of his triumphant reelection."
Everywhere I traveled In the Par East?
I was met with the conviction that the
free world has found a leader with a
mettle to match that of the men of Mos-
cow and Peiping.
The Washington Daily. News editorial
referred to President Johnson's expressed
wonderment over people who are more
disturbed by our bombing of bridges In
North Vietnam than they are over the
Vietcong murders of women and children.
I share fu)ly the President's wonder-
ment; and this is a subject to which 1In-
tend to address myself at an early date
on the floor of the Senate.
There being no objection, the article
and, the editorial were ordered to be
printed in the RtcoRD, as follows:
(From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Apr. 28.
196kh
FIELD COMMAMDRR JoalNox
(By' Joseph Aleop)
For members of the White Rowe stab, a
fairly common morning greeting, nowadays
Is a hint that they are slug-s-bete compared
to their master. who Is perfectly likely to
announce: "I was up at 5. waiting to make
sure .that all my boys got back from that
mission."
It is bard to believe, but it is a fact that the
President follows the bombing missions at-
tacking targets In North Vietnam almost in
the manner of a field commander.
He is customarily notified when the
planes have gone out. He often stays up.
or has himself called, or is awakened by his
own internal alarm clock. to hear the mis-
sion's results. And when pilots are missing.
he has been known to stay awake through
the small hours to sweat out the final re-
covery of the missing men by the air-sea
rescue service.
All this-is decidedly sympathetic, although
someone ought to persuade the President
that it in quite unnecessary. He has been
looking a bit tired recently, and no wonder.
For his new role as a field commander of
operations halfway around the world must
clearly cut substantially into his alwayll
minimal daily allowanoe of rest.
But persuading Lyndon B. Johnson to
mend his ways, for his own good or for any
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THE SITUATION IN THE DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
r. ' AUSCHE. Mr. President, we
cannot suffer the existence of another
i Cuba at our shores in the Caribbean.
The mistake that was made about Castro
must not and should not be repeated. In
r 1956, the American public was mislead
e into believing that Castro was a Robin
Hood taking from the rich and giving to
the poor. We allowed Castro to be given
the. image of a friend of the United
States of America. In 1944, the public
was also deceived by being made to be-
lieve that the interference with Chiang
,s Kai-shek's government in China was a
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May 4, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
revolt of the oppressed "peasant" want-
ing to be liberated from an oppressive
and exploiting government.
Now it is argued that in Santo Do-
mingo those seeking the overthrow of the
existing government are friendly non-
Communists desirous only of improving
the welfare of the people. The over-
whelming evidences are that the Com-
munists have taken hold. Idly standing
by while Castroism is being expanded
would in the end require the paying of
a costly, painful price.
The President, in my opinion, is right
in what he is doing. He is acting in the
long-range interest of the security of
our country. To follow a different course
in regard to the situation in the Domini-
can Republic would be equal to a collab-
oration by our Government in the ex-
pansion of communism in the Western
Hemisphere. The Dominican Republic
is practically at our southern shores. To
suffer another Castro government at our
very shores is unthinkable and cannot
and should not become a reality.
A FAIR APPRAISAL OF THE STATE
DEPARTMENT
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, in this
country there is too much tendency to
blame the State Department for most of
our oversea trouble. This is most un-
fortunate, especially since our State De-
partment is largely composed of highly
competent and dedicated public servants.
America would still have many foreign
problems, even if the State Department
were the best organized body in the world,
and even if every American official were a
foreign-policy genius.
John M. Hightower, of the Associated
Press, is certainly one of the best news-
men covering the State Department.
Recently, he wrote an excellent article
describing the working of our State De-
partment. As Mr. Hightower has cor-
rectly commented:
However comforting the far perspective
may be, the State Department wrestles daily
with the other view--a world of troubles.
One of the most surprising facts about it is,
not that it makes mistakes or agonizes over
divided counsels, but that it works at all.
I ask unanimous consent that this
article, as published in the April 25 issue
of the Lewiston (Idaho) Morning Trib-
une, be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Lewiston (Idaho) Morning
Tribune, Apr. 25, 1965 ]
WRESTLING WITH A WORLD OF TROUBLES IS
STATE DEPARTMENT'S DAILY ROUTINE
By John M. Hightower, AP special
correspondent)
WASHINGTON.-The State Department's
long range planning master, Walter Rostow,
published a hopeful book about interna-
tional relations last year under the title
"The View From the Seventh Floor."
The seventh floor is where Dean Rusk
and other executives of the foreign policy
factory have their offices.
The view, as reported by Policy Plan-
ning Director Rostow, is not too bad when
focused on the distant goals of peace, in-
ternational order and higher living stand-
ards over the world.
Another view from the seventh floor is
more squint eyed, less optimistic. In the
short range it focuses on burning libraries,
ink splattered embassies, war in south-
east Asia, crises in the Middle East, quar-
rels with and among the Communists and
a stack of other unsolved and presently
insoluble problems.
However comforting the far perspective
may be, the State Department wrestles daily
with the other view-a world of troubles.
One of the most surprising facts about it is
not that it makes mistakes or agonizes over
divided counsels but that it works at all.
FOCUS ON QUARRELS
On the home front it is accountable to
193 million Americans, who constantly dis-
agree about foreign policy. Abroad it deals
with 113 foreign countries which frequently
quarrel with each other and the United
States. If the country scores a military
victory the credit is likely to go to the
Defense Department., If it scores a diplo-
matic victory, the credit is likely to go to
the White House.
Since the end of World War II no one
has ever figured out a broadly acceptable
way even to organize the State Department.
For instance during the last 20 years con-
trol of the foreign aid program, the foreign
information program and disarmament pol-
icy has been periodically put into and re-
moved from the Department.
If this suggests a certain confusion over
the best way to handle the Nation's for-
eign relations, it also suggests that the world
with which the State Department must deal
24 hours a day is in a confusing state that
constantly threatens to become worse rather
than better.
It is no longer so simple as it was, for ex-
ample, when all major power was divided
between Moscow and Washington.
Today the Communist bloc is split into
two big chunks and several fragments and
the Atlantic Alliance is hardly less divided.
France is pursuing independent policies that
have all but destroyed the old trans-Atlantic
dream of a united Europe and United States
applying their energies for the same goals of
trade, peace and growing world unity.
In the last 20 years also the State Depart-
ment has had seven secretaries under four
Presidents and each one has had quite differ-
ent ideas about how to run the place.
BYRNES BLOCKED MOVE
In 1946 James F. Byrnes blocked a plan to
move the Department from its ancient home
inside the White House to a more modern
and spacious building six blocks away in
Washington's Foggy Bottom. In 1947,
George Marshall ordered the move as one of
his first acts after taking over the State De-
partment. -
Six years later John Foster Dulles, enter-
ing the Eisenhower Cabinet, wanted to move
his own office back to Pennsylvania Avenue,
next door to the President, not by trans-
planting the whole Department but by sepa-
rating its head-himself-from its body. He
was talked out of this with great difficulty.
Dean Rusk, coming into office with Presi-
dent John F. Kennedy, promised to break
the pattern of almost constant travel set by
Dulles and Dean Acheson. He said the chief
U.S. foreign policymaker should stay home
more and think. But in a few months he
was flying faster and farther than any of his
predecessors.
Rusk has delegated great authority to his
assistant secretaries and has seen radical
changes in the way the Department operates
during his own 4 years there.
In his first year he found that President
Kennedy often ran foreign policy from his
White House office on specific issues as the
Congo, perhaps, or Cuba or southeast Asia.
President Johnson has reversed all that. He
operates through Rusk or, in his absence,
9001
through Under Secretary of State George
Ball.
PRESIDENT OFTEN STEPS IN
The vastly different Rusk relationship
with Johnson and with Kennedy illustrate
a point which even the careful analysts of
the State Department's history and opera-
tion sometimes forget. This is that while
the Secretary of State is the head of the
State Department on the Government's or-
ganization charts the President is, or at any
given moment may choose to be, the head
of the State Department in fact-just as he
may choose to be in direct control of any
other agency in the Government. This
means that when a President with intense
interest in foreign affairs-such as John F.
Kennedy-takes over the Government the
operation of any of the great agencies
changes radically from what it had been be-
fore.
In President Harry S. Truman's day, by
contrast, the State Department was run by a
succession of very strong Secretaries to whom
Truman delegated great authority so that
their recommendations amounted to deci-
sions. That was also essentially the rela-
tionship between Dulles and President
Dwight D. Eisenhower. President Johnson,
while operating in ways quite different from
those of President Kennedy, still has not
delegated authority to Rusk to the extent
that Truman and Eisenhower did, and Rusk,
being a more retiring and less aggressive man
than some of his predecessors, has not
reached out for more power.
The most striking characteristic of the
State Department in modern times is the
enormous expansion it has undergone, paral-
ling the increasingly active role the United
States has taken in world affairs since the
end of World War II. In 1945, the last
year of the war, the total of State De-
partment employees stood at 9,830. In 1965
the total is 23,327. During that score of
years the United States more than doubled
the number of countries with which it has
diplomatic relations. The withdrawal of the
great European empires from Asia and Africa
has brought more than 50 new countries into
the world since World War II ended.
BUSY NERVE CENTER
The State Department is the nerve cen-
ter for a communications system extend-
ing all over the world. Its own system,
furthermore, is supplemented by the con-
stant flow of news dispatches into Wash-
ington and also by information which comes
through military channels, and that which
is obtained from intelligence sources. By
its own communications measure it is an
extremely busy place, exchanging 10,000 ca-
bles, letters and other reports and messages
every day with overseas posts. Its budget,
which was once well below $100 million, is
now approaching $400 million.
Three great organizational changes have
been made and developed over the years
since the Truman administration to pro-
vide a better projection and control of pol-
icy. One is the policy planning 'staff now
headed by Rostow, who has an Ivy League
academic background and is international-
ly recognized as an authority on all kinds
of policy problems, both political and eco-
nomic. The first policy planning chief was
Ambassador George Kerman, who formulated
the policy of containment of Soviet expan-
sion back when the cold war was just begin-
ning.
The second organization which has con-
tributed greatly to the State Department's
efficient operation in a secretarial staff, or
secretariat, serving the Secretary of State
and charged essentially with the task of
keeping the flood of papers moving through
the decision-making process at the fast-
est possible speed. This organization also
goes back to the Truman administration,
having been introduced by George Marshall
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 4, 1965
as a result of his military experiences with
staff organization.
At the top of the policy making structure,
with the President himself as the Chair-
man, stands the National Security Coun-
cil. This too, was set up in the Truman
administration, with the purpose of coordi-
nating the planning and decision making of
the White House, State, and Defense De-
partments.
One of the popular concepts of the State
Department operation is that foreign policy
is made in orderly fashion, progressing from
the, idea stage by logical degrees to the point
of decision. This does happen, but not very
often, at least on the big questions.
IN PRAISE OF THE VICE
PRESIDENT
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, Hu-
BERT H. HuMPHRI.Y is one of the hardest-
working and most talented Vice Presi-
dents in the history of the United States.
He has been a splendid teammate for
Lyndon Johnson during the first 100
days of heroic legislative achievements
which have marked this first full terra.
The Vice President's distinguished serv-
ice has proved that President Johnson
made a very wise choice in selecting his
running mate last August.
Edward T. Folliard has written an
excellent account of Hvi}ERT H. HUM-
PHREY's first 100 days as Vice President.
I ask unanimous consent that this ar-
ticle, which was published in the May 2
issue of the Washington Post, be printed
at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
As No. 2, HE HAS To TRY HARDER--100 DAYS
AFTER TAKING OFFICE VICE PRESIDENT STILL
CAN'T PAUSE To SMELL 'FLOWERS
(By Edward T. Folliard, Washington Post
staff writer)
After 100 days in office, Vice President
HUBERT H. HUMPHREY stands out as the
hardest-working Vice President in American
history. His whirlwind pace would astonish
earlier Vice Presidents who said that the job
was "Insignificant" (John Adams), "honor-
able and easy" (Thomas Jefferson) and "a
bore" (Theodore Roosevelt).
Some of Vice President HVMPHREY'S ad-
mirers believe that may be working too hard.
He gets 'Lip at his home In Chevy Chase at
7:30 a.m. and usually starts his official day
with telephone calls. Then he climbs into
his limousine and, accompanied by a Secret
Service agent, rides from the Maryland sub-
urb to his office in Washington.
"I read all the way downtown, work on
my papers," he has said. "Tve learned how
to use every single minute of the day, every
minute."
That gives some idea of the man's zeal,
and it also raises a question.
Wouldn't it be better for the Vice Presi-
dent-and the Republic-if he slowed down
his limousine, forgot his papers for a while
and looked at the flowers that are blooming
all over Greater Washington in this spring
of 1965?
Undoubtedly it would be, and better still
if he got out of his limousine and sniffed the
violets.
';"The trouble with me," says the Vice Presi-
dent, alluding to the rent-a-car advertise-
ment, "is that I'm only No. 2. I have to try Then he was off to a party in honor of
harder." 1J preventative BARRATT O'HARA of Illinois
A SENATORIAL IOSSTEE a R the Congressional Hotel. Next he dropped
HUMPHREY is one of those extraordinary tic at a meeting of the National Education
men who can go full speed and yet come up Association, and he ended the day speaking
with worthwhile ideas. It is sometimes for- a a dinner of the Millers Federation at the
The Vice President flew to Florida for a
vacation Easter week, but he cut it short to
attend the funeral of Senator Olin Johnston,
of South Carolina, at Spartanburg. Next
day he flew to Nov, York to open the New
York Warld's Fair.
He travels in a Jet-Star assigned to him by
the Air Force. So far his traveling has been
limited to the United States, but it is ex-
pected that President Johnson will assign
him to some good will trips overseas.
HUMPIrREY'S burden would overwhelm
many men of 54, but this one revels in work.
In a television interview with Tom Wicker,
chief of the Washington bureau of the New
York Tirnes, HUMPHREY said:
"If you learn how to use your time, you
can get an awful lot done-and besides that,
I have fun. If you can't have a little fun
at it, you ought to quit."
It remains only to be said that the office
of Vice President was once so looked down
upon that an argument broke out in the
First Congress over how much the Vice Presi-
dent was to be paid. A salary of $5,000 a
year was finally approved, but some House
Members objected and said that he ought to
be paid 'by the day-and then only for the
days he worked.
Vice President HUMPHREY gets $43,000 a
year, plus $10,000 for expenses, and he earns
it.
CRITICAL NEED FOR GI BILL NOW
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
the recent announcement, from the
White House, that American troops are
landing in strife torn Santo Domingo,
provides us with one more startling ex-
ample of the ever-present pressure and
the constant demand placed upon the
men and women of dedication and cour-
age who serve in the U.S. Armed Forces
in these times of cold. war turmoil and
political. unrest. When we are told that
more than 14,000 young Americans are
risking their very lives, so that political
order can be restored in one of our sis-
ter republics of this hemisphere, it be-
comes readily apparent that thelife and
times of the American fighting man of
today constitute a personal burden and
a patriotic sacrifice, just as was the
valiant and heroic service of the Ameri-
can fighting man. of World War II and
of the Korean conflict.
If our young men and women of 1965
can offer their time, their energy, their
futures, and their lives in the battle for
the same freedom and the same ideals
for which prior generations fought, why
should they not, in the name of justice
and fairplay, be offered the same oppor-
tunities for education and economic suc-
cess by the people for whom they fight?
The battle against the sinister encroach-
ment of communism and the labors for
the victory of freedom and self-determi-
nations of nations go on in every part
of the globe this de,y. Skirmishes in
Santo Domingo, pressure in Berlin,
threats from Cuba, battle in Vietnam,
and the rigor of preparation here at
home each argue irrefutably that brav-
ery, sacrifice, and dedicated service can-
not be limited to activity in a single na-
tion, a small geographical section, or
even an entire continent. To the con-
trary, these instances of service and
sacrifice serve to establish the patent
fact that dedication and sacrifice in our
American Armed Forces are general, not
limited: that they are the rule, not the
exception.
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PHBEY who Introduced bills to create the
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, a
Ycith Conservation Corps (now Job Corps),
an 1 the Peace Corps. And that was back in
th 3 Eisenhower administration.
'to say that Vice President HUMPHREY is
th s hardest working man ever to hold the
Nc, 2 office is not such a sweeping statement
as Tit may sound. For 160 years of our na-
tidal history, It was not expected that a
Vi- e President would do much more than
pr aside over the Senate, as required by the
Cc nstitution.
Cu the infancy of the Republic, John
Ac ams' disdain for the Vice-Presidency and
hi; love of fancy titles were so well known
tht a Senator quipped that Adams ought to
be,called "His Superfluous Excellency." And
as recently as the 1940's, President Franklin
D;Roosevelt kept Vice President Harry S.
Truman in the dark about the atomic bomb.
president Truman himself was without a
Vise President for 3 years and 10 months, but
when he got one-Alben Barkley, of Ken-
tucky, his running mate in the 1948 elec-
ther-he made sure that the No. 2 man was
mare than a fifth wheel. He had Vice Presi-
dent Barkley sit in at Cabinet meetings and
ali?o at meetings of the National Security
Council. No secrets were withheld from the
Kraltuckian.
-. I A CUMULATIVE CHORE
President Eisenhower continued this prac-
tife with Vice President Richard M. Nixon,
al ;hough--the two men did not know each
other very well at the outset; and President
Monnedy went even further in the case of
Vice President Johnson, giving him such
added duties as the chairmanship of the
National Aeronautics and Space Council.
Now President Johnson has carried the
team idea still further with Vice President
HUMPHREY, piling a large number of new
chores on him. He has, for example, given
hint a leading role in the war on poverty,
wAigned him to the "See the U.S.A." pro-
gram, made him chairman of the President's
O,uncil on Equal Opportunity, the civil
rights coordinating body, and given him a
ll:iison role with the mayors of the country.
Humphrey has offices in the old State,
\Rar, and, Navy Building as well as in the
CSpitol and the Senate Office Building. He
feels romantic about the suite across from
the White House because it was used by
Franklin D. Roosevelt when F.D.R. was
Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the Wilson
administration.
ENJOYS THE GAVEL
The Vice President likes to open the
sssions of the Senate--a duty that most of
his predecessors have slighted-and then go
to his ornate office off the Senate chamber.
There he talks to Senators and Congressmen,
aid sometime their constituents.
There are times, however, when his base
a., -operations will be the old Roosevelt suite
a,woss from the White House. Thus he
b an his day there Wednesday at 9:30 a.m.,
anlferring with Eric Wyndham-White, see-
rotary of GAAT, the international organiza-
tipn for tariffs and trade. At 12:30 pan., he
went over the the White House for the
swearing in of new officials of the Central
Intelligence Agency.
:Somehow he managed to get some lunch,
aid then was dashing out to dedicate the
nsw Veterans' Administration Hospital near
S?ldiers Home. At 4 p.m. he went to
Eecatur House to talk to 55 Negro business-
nren, and then returned to the White House
far a meeting oflegislative liaison men from
tie various departments and agencies.
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May 4, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SE A
The commandant drove the United Nations
vehicle off the road and put the keys in his
pocket. These were recovered subsequently
when he was killed while Congolese troops
were hunting down the rebels including some
50 refugee sympathizers in the Kalonge area.
When the driver reached the house of the
Mwami after his escape, he was immediately
taken to Bukavu and interrogated by Congo-
lese authorities and by Mr. Johan Kunitz-
berger, the officer handling administrative
matters in the Bukavu office of the United
Nations Civil Operation in the Congo
(UNOC). Efforts were made at once to de-
termine the fate of Messrs. Plicque and
Preziosi, but fighting in the area prevented
government patrols from penetrating to
Mamba. It was only on August 29 when
conditions had become more calm that the
Mwami said he had learned where the bodies
of the two officials were buried. A search
party headed by Dr. Faustino Doglfo of the
World Health Organization, then the rank-
ing official in Bukavu, set out the same day
and soon discovered the bodies, which had
been buried with some care in Mamba camp.
Thus taking all known factors into ac-
count, it is clear that the overwhelming ma-
jority of the refugees who saw Messrs. Prezi-
osi and Plicque being killed had nothing to
do with their death and that, on the con-
trary, many tried to intercede in their favor.
Entire responsibility devolves on the com-
mandant, whose brutal action was obviously
motivated by the wish to eliminate both a
military risk and a.threat to his aim of win-
ning over the refugees.
It is assumed that the refugees took the
initiative of burying the two victims since
their valuables, including wedding rings,
were intact when the bodies were recovered.
At the same time, the inquiry has brought
out even more forcefully the high sense of
duty of Mr. Prezoisi and of Mr. Plicque who
accompanied him. Far from setting out im-
prudently they were fully aware of the grave
risks involved but considered it their over-
riding obligation to proceed nonetheless
with their efforts to assure the noninvolve-
ment of the refugees.
The funeral was held in Bukavu Cathedral
on Monday, August 31, in the presence of
Mrs. Plicque and Mrs. Preziosi. They had
been waiting in Bujumbura. Mr. Pinegar,
the President of the central Kivu Province,
the Governor of Bukavu, as well as local
United Nations and diplomatic representa-
tives, also attended the interment, which
took place in a mission cemetery near Cyan-
gogu just across the frontier in Rwanda.
Messages of sympathy have been' received
from U Thant, representatives of govern-
ments on the Executive Committee of the
High Commissioner's program, colleagues in
UNHCR, United Nations agencies, voluntary
agencies, and many individuals.
Dr. Moise Tshomb8, Prime Minister of the
Congo, sent a particularly warm cable of
condolence on behalf of himself and the
government.
Mr. Preziosi, who would have been 43 on
August 19, had been the High Commission-
er's charge de mission in Bukavu since the
beginning of 1963. His task was to protect
some 60,000 Rwandese refugees in the Kivu
Province of the Congo and to supervise
measures being taken to settle those in need
of international assistance. During this pe-
riod, he acquired a reputation for the vigor
with which he carried out his duties and for
his tenacity in protecting the refugees
against repressive action. At the same time
he had won the confidence and respect of
the provincial officials. Thus when increas-
ing instability in the Kivu led authorities
to impose further restrictions on refugees,
including imprisonment, Mr. Preziosi felt
that he could play a useful role by remain-
ing at his post, and continuing to defend
the interests of the refugees. Since Mr.
Preziosi's death, reports from UNHCR's re-
gional office indicate that refugees whose re-
lease Mr. Preziosi was trying to arrange re-
mained in jail and that many did not survive.
In the first week of September when it
was reported that 500 refugees were still in
fail in the Kivu, Mr. Fritz Pijnacker-Hordijk,
of the Bujumbura office, was assigned to
Bukavu. Like other United Nations person-
nel, his living quarters are across the fron-
tier in Rwanda some 7 miles away, and his
movements in the Bukavu area are governed
by considerations of personal safety. Apart
from trying to assure that the refugees in
prison are adequately fed, he has continued
Mr. Preziosi's efforts to keep outside influ-
ences of any kind from threatening the well-
being of the refugees and jeopardizing the
efforts of the international community to
settle them.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
further morning business?
Mr. HART. Mr. President, I suggest
the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll. _
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
REPUBLIC
SFIELD. Mr. President, the
situaation in Santo Domingo continues
to be dangerous and difficult. Innocent
persons are still being killed by random
bullets and sniper fire. There are re-
ports of an epidemic of dysentery, and
an outbreak of cholera is a strong possi-
bility.
U.S. military forces, now numbering
14,000 are risking their lives daily; at
least 7 have already died and scores have
been wounded.. A great many Ameri-
cans and other foreign nationals have
been evacuated, but thousands are still
in danger of being caught in the cross-
fire of the conflict.
The cease-fire, sought initially through
the good offices of the Papal Nuncio,
Msgr. Emanuel Clarizio, has not yet been
firmly established. But his efforts have
now been supplemented by those of the
OAS five-nation commission and Secre-
tary General Mora. It is my under-
standing that this inter-American group
is in touch with the leadership of the
various sources of the Dominican con-
flict and has been making some progress
toward a cease-fire, although an end to
the fighting has not yet been brought
about.
The Council of the Organization of
American States has been meeting daily
since last Tuesday, and while agreement
was reached to send the Commission
under Secretary Mora, the U,S. proposal
to inter-Americanize foreign troops in
the Dominican Republic has not yet been
approved. This would seem to me to be
an essential step if the inter-American
system is to be effective and is to prevail
in this situation. I do not think a great
deal in the way of manpower would be
required to carry out this resolution. A
company of 300 men from each Latin
American nation under its own officers
and general OAS command may well
suffice, and this Nation could offer to
provide emergency logistical support, if
necessary.
It would be my hope that the Organi-
zation will act rapidly on this U.S. pro-
posal. Once there is an inter-American
force on the. scene, and a cease-fire has
been achieved, I would hope that a tem-
porary OAS trusteeship could be estab-
lished which would concentrate on hold-
ing free and fair elections within 30 to
90 days.
I think we in this Nation and the Latin
American nations should be clear on one
point: The President of the United
States has no desire to keep a unilateral
U.S. force in the Dominican Republic 1
day longer than absolutely necessary.
The prompt establishment of an inter-
American military force would go a long
way in permitting us to terminate this
difficult responsibility.
I am pleased to note reports that both
Brazil and Argentina have announced
their willingness to send - troops to the
Dominican Republic as soon as the OAS
approves such an action. I would hope
that other Latin American nations will
follow the lead of these two great na-
tions in announcing their -willingness to
make forces available to help stabilize
this critical inter-American situation.
I would hope, as well, that all the Latin
American Ambassadors in Santo Do-
mingo would join with the U.S. Ambas-
sador or vice versa, and the OAS com-
mission, in assisting in bringing about
an effective cease-fire. I well under-
stand the sentiments expressed by Mexi-
can Foreign Minister Antonio Carillo
Flores when he said:
We cannot help - but comment that, for
whatever humanitarian reasons the Govern-
ment of the United States has invoked, that
it was considered necessary to resort to so
sorrowful a thing in memory. As a conse-
quence we hope that the presence of U.S.
Marines in the Dominican Republic will be
the briefest possible.
I can assure him that his hope for the
briefest possible presence of American
forces is one which is shared by the
President of the United States. The
President's decision to send them in was
taken with great reluctance and only
when it became apparent that such an
action was essential to safeguard the
lives of U.S. citizens and other American
nationals as well as foreigners from the
rest of the world.
The President has made it clear that
U.S. forces are not there to intervene
in Dominican politics. The politics of
the Republic are matters for the Domin-
ican people alone to resolve, and I hope
that it will be possible to do so at the
earliest moment. All reports indicate
that the U.S. forces have acted with cau-
tion and discretion and, in fact, have
avoided taking sides in the revolution.
They have performed an essential serv-
ice in evacuating and safeguarding non-
Dominicans, and they have been a sig-
nificant factor in enabling the Red Cross
to do its great humanitarian work
among the injured and in attempting to
prevent the spread of pestilence.
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 9012
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 4, 1965,
There are grounds for grave concern
not only for us but also for all Americans
of this hemisphere over the Dominican
developments. If there was ever a time
when precipitous judgments should be
eschewed here and in the other Amer-
ican Republics, it is now. The need is
for cool heads, for restraint and for the
most measured and carefully designed
inter-American action. At stake is not
only the hope of the Dominican people
for a responsible, stable, and decent sys-
tem of free. government, but also the
efficacy of the inter-American system
which has been a century in building.
The situation in the Dominican Repub-
lic is in every sense a hemispheric re-
sponsibility. The OAS must have every
opportunity to meet that responsibility.
It must not fail to meet that responsi-
bility.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. MANSFIELD. I am delighted to
yield to the distinguished senior Senator
from Vermont.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, as usual,
the statement of our majority leader is
very timely and important. It appears
that the situation in the Dominican Re-
public came to the attention of most of
the country, at least, unexpectedly. One
thing I would like to point out, however,
is that the situation in the Don>ainican
Republic cannot be considered In the
same light as the situation in southeast
Asia, In the case of the Dominican :Re-
public the President had to act quickly.
I do not know to what extent he advised
other Western Hemispheric nations that
he was taking this action. Certainly
they found it out soon afterward. I be-
lieve there was no time for the convening
of the Organization of American States
and getting that Organization into ac-
tion if the people not only from the
United States but from many other coun-
tries were to be protected in the
Dominican Republic.
I think, however, that we may have
been a little callous with regard to this
small republic, which has only 3 or 4 mil-
lion people. The economy of that coun-
try has apparently been deteriorat'ng.
The fall of the world sugar market dealt
them a tremendous blew.
Several weeks ago I read that the big-
gest sugar plant, at Campinas, had been
closed and the largest sugar plantation
in the world had been closed. I have
also heard that other employers had laid
off their employees.
Any rebellion must have something to
feed on. Unemployment is what it feeds
on best. It seems to, me that that is a
situation that precipitated or hastened
the rebellion in the Dominican Republic.
I am glad to hear that other countries
in the Western Hemisphere are indicat-
ing a willingness to participate In re-
storing a workable government in that
country. The OAS should contribute to
the best of its ability in establishing such
a restoration. I realize that it would, be
Impossible to get the member nations of
the OAS to unanimously agree to make
a contribution of men or equipment or
anything else, because some of them
have, I believe, a very sincere policy
against becoming involved in the affairs
of any other country.
I hope, now that we are undertaking
not only to restore order but also to re-
luce hostilities to a minimum" in that
area, that we will do it as soon as pos-
Able. When that is done I suggest that
we pay more attention to the economy of
that country. I suspect that we could
have headed off this rebellion had we
been fully aware of the effects of the de-
pression which was affecting this coun-
try. Those people have to live, they have
o eat, and they have to work. I know
that we have criticized Trujillo, but
awhile he was the dictator, the country
was quite prosperous. No corporation
was permitted to lay off its help without
having an excellent reason fob doing it.
They had to get permission to lay off
their help. Conditions are changed now.
The situation was ripe for rebellion.
I do not undertake to say just what
'should be done, because the situation is
in a state of flux.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Senator's time has expired.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I ask unanimous
consent that we may proceed.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. _ Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Before I yield to
the distinguished Senator from New
York, I should like to say, as always, that
the distinguished Senator from Vermont,
the senior Republican in the Senate, has
made a significant contribution. The
Senator from Vermont [Mr. AIKENI has
a special interest in Latin American
affairs. He issues reports from time to
time which 'in my opinion are "must"
reading for anyone who wants to have
a better understanding and a deeper
understanding of the areas which he has
visited.
What he has said about unemployment
In the Dominican Republic is absolutely
Correct. One of the reasons why the late
Chief of state, Donald Reid Cabral was
overthrown, I believe, was due to the fact
that he tried to institute an austerity
program. When that is done, on an
economy which is drastically hurt, a situ-
ation is created which is very difficult to
overcome.
I think it should be said in all honesty
that beginning a week ago Saturday, I
oelieve, when the revolution broke out,
sur Government established contact
with the OAS and on its own initiative
and through the OAS urged with others
Ghat this affair be brought up for consid-
aration, and in that manner performed
Its function as a member state.
I believe that what the Senator from
Vermont has said is true; namely, that
when the President took this action in
dispatching American marines to Santo
Domingo, the OAS was not informed,
Sind that the President acted as he did
only because of the urgency of the infor-
dnation sent him by our Ambassador, Mr.
Bennett and various other chiefs within
the American missions there.
The President felt that the need was
imperative to bring about the evacuation
sf Americans and other nationals. It
my understanding as of this morning,
cased on what the President said to the
nembership of 6 congressional commit-
tees, that there were approximately
5,000 nationals, other than Dominicans,
still in the Republic, and that of the
5,000, 1,500 were Americans.
It is my hope that, as the Senator from
Vermont has indicated so ably, the OAS
would: assume its responsibility and rec-
ognize that this is not a U.S. problem but
an inter-American problem, and in do-
ing so I would hope they would consider
the possibility of setting up a trusteeship
down there under OAS auspices and cre-
ating an inter-American police force, to
which' each nation, including the United
States, would contribute 300 men; and
that the officer in command of such a
force would be other than an officer from
this country.
I would also like to see a greater degree
of collaboration between the ambassa-
dors of the American States, so that, in-
stead of one country, like our own, act-
ing unilaterally in Santo Domingo, all
the American ambassadors there would
get together and consider matters co-
operatively.
These are factors which I am sure are
being given every consideration.
With that premise, and in response to
the observations made by the distin-
guished Senator from Vermont, I am
ready to yield to the distinguished Sena-
tor from New York.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, may I have
1 more minute?
Mr. MANSFIELD. Please.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, the Presi-
dent of the United States had to act
quickly In sending the marines into the
Dominican Republic to prevent the loss
of life. I am sure of that. Now that
the situation is as it is there, and we
have .14,000 members of our Defense
Establishment in the Dominican Repub-
lic, I earnestly hope that the President
will not try to tie -the South Vietnam
situation and the Dominican Republic
situation together, because they are very
distinct from one another.
VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
hour of 2 o'clock having arrived, the
Chair lays before the Senate the un-
finished business, which will be stated.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (S.
1564) to enforce the 15th amendment of
the Constitution of the United States.
THE SITUATION IN THE DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the present
discussion of the Dominican Republic
situation may continue for 10 minutes.
The' PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. AIKEN. Mr.:President, while the
action of the Dominican Republic is quite
generally supported by the public of the
United States, I believe that the opera-
tions in southeast Asia enjoy consider-
ably less approval. Therefore, I hope
that the President does not try to tie
those two situations together, because
they are distinct.
Mr. MANSFIELD. They are two sep-
arate entities.
Mr. AIKEN. That is correct.
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May J, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE
Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield to the dis- combining the best in each to the end armed troops to set up an inter-Ameri'
tinguished senator from New York. that a settlement may be arrived at. can command to make it clear that they
Mr. JAVITS. I thank the Senator. I The Senator has mentioned President will stand with our country in repelling
have a rather important question I Bosch, who was deposed by the coup either invasion or this newfangled sort
should like to ask the majority leader. d'etat which was led by a triumvirate, of intervention, which is by infiltration,
First, I should like to qualify myself by which included Wessin y Wessin, the de- and then by guerrilla warfare, I think it
saying that I was one of those who went posed chief of state Donald Reid Cabral, will not only be a fine thing in ending
to President Bosch's inauguration with and one other individual whose name I this particular troublesome situation,
also it will be a very fine and prom-
our now Vice President HUBERT H. cannot recall at the present moment. It but t
HUMPHREY. I also tried to help the is my understanding-andthis is subject ising developmen for the future. It
Bosch regime by arranging for 1,500,000 to a good deal of verification because I will give stature to the organization of
doses of antipolio vaccine to be sent to cannot vouch for it-there was a report American States which it has never had
his country. The vaccine was sent free, this morning to the effect that the Do- and which is very badly needed. It will
including the transport by Pan American minican Congress had assembled and probably result in Canada asking for
Airways, and the doses were actually had indicated that it would like to see membership. Senators will remember
administered through the efforts of the Col. Francisco CaamanO Deno, who that Canada has been willing to send her
U.S. Public Health Service to the children seems to be the leader of the pro-Bosch troops with peace-keeping forces Al vani-of t
world
Th he has
when of the Dominican Republic, in the hope Sforces in the anto Domingo, ibecome the President on beenc al es d upon by other bod es.
of buttressing that regime.
The point that is troubling me and, I an interim basis. Whether there is any- Mr. MANSFIELD. By the United
believe, many others, concerns the ques- thing to that or not, I have no verifica- Nations.
tion of not taking sides, which the Sen- tion. It is a rumor which I have picked Mr. HOLLAND. Yes. My own feel-
ator mentioned specifically in his very up. But there again I hope that it will ing is that the Organization of American
fine and typically thoughtful statement. be possible, if any action of the kind pro- States is presented with an acid test. I
The President hos announced tha?? we posed is undertaken, for the OAS to was glad to hear that Secretary General
are in the Dominican Republic in order participate in it as fully as possible. Mora, for whom I have a great deal of
to save Americans, to save other nation- Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the respect, responded immediately and went
als, and to prevent a Communist take- Senator yield to me so that I may ask down there,
to see that, in spite of a
over. I thoroughly agree with the Presi- another question? com dent about preventing a Communist Mr. MANSFIELD. I am delighted to little reluctance organized mmitte too great
takeover-which assumes that there is yield.
danger of one. I also agree with the Mr. JAVITS. Would the Senator delay representing five of the Latin
Senator with respect to the OAS and all say-and I am not trying to put words American countries, to go to Santo
the procedures which he has outlined. in the Senator's mouth, but attempting Domingo and be there on the ground as
But I should like to ask the Senator a to see if I understand the Senator cor- a stabilizing factor. I hope that the re-
question. The Senator said-and I think rectly-that the policy of the United sult of that organization's presence will
I heard him correctly-that we must States today is in the following three be ntehecac i~ai~ in the Organi has not
eschew immediate judgment in this situ- parts:
ation. Does the Senator, who as major- First, to guarantee the security, so far existed heretofore, but that is very
ity leader is of great importance in these as we can, of our own nationals and badly needed.
discussions, feel that the door is open for other foreign nationals there? Before I end that point, I wish to say
the United States to withdraw from the Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes. that considering the room for suspicion
situation, considering the attitude that Mr. JAVITS. Second, to prevent that our good friend, the Republic of
may be adopted by the OAS and knowing another Communist takeover in the Mexico, has in looking at us, remember
what so many of us do know about what Western Hemisphere? ing all the things that have happened
evidence there is-at least so far as it has Mr. MANSFIELD. That question has in the s dI thouForeign , ght the Mmatks of the
been reported to us-of the likelihood of been raised.
a Communist takeover? In other words, Mr. JAVITS. Third, to turn over Flores, who was Ambassador to the
if we eschew immediate judgment, may this responsibility at the earliest feasible United States not so long ago, were de-
not our judgment be to stay in? I must moment to the Organization of Ameri- cidedly temperate and that we should
say to the Senator right now that I am can States with full relinquishment on highly appreciate them.
all with the President, as I have always our part and no strings? Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will
been, when we were in a tight spot. I Mr. MANSFIELD. Yeas. the Senator from Florida yield?
am with him now, and I'pledge that. Mr. JAVITS. I thank the Senator. Mr. HOLLAND. I am glad to yield.
But I ask the Senator whether, in his I think that is very important. . Mr. MANSFIELD. I would agree with
judgment, we really have freedom of ac- Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. President, will what the distinguished senior Senator
tion in this situation, notwithstanding the Senator yield? from Florida has just said. The re-
what has been said and done already. If Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield. marks made by the Foreign Minister of
the Senator feels that we do, I believe it Mr. HOLLAND. I commend the dis- Mexico, Antonio Carrillo Flores, cer-
would make a very great difference in tinguished majority leader and other tainly were, in my opinion, temperate and
how the whole situation is regarded. Senators who have spoken on this sub- understanding in relation to what has
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, be- ject. Their speeches have been most happened to his country and to other
cause of circumstances, our freedom of timely. I am not on the Foreign Rela- countries rimming the Caribbean over
action is very limited. That is why I tions Committee, but I happen to live in past decades.
have emphasized several times my hope a State that is closer than any other Mr. HOLLAND. I thank the distin-
that the OAS would assume its respon- State to the trouble in the Dominican guished majority leader.
sibilities and step in and take over some Republic and to Latin America generally. My second point is this: We would be
of the responsibility, thereby relieving us We are very close to our Latin American very wise If we brought Puerto Rico and
of the unilateral responsibility which is neighbors and there are many ties be- the Puerto Rican people into this mat-possibl ours, and transferring the burden of tween our State of Florida and Latin Iter f as sp sedily participation as
a ribae.
finding a settlement to the situation in America.
Santo Domingo onto the shoulders of the I wish to accentuate two points. First, nent inter-American force, it would be
organization which ostensibly is charged the distinguished majority leader spoke my suggestion, made out of an abun-
with concern for the welfare of all the of the need of action by the Organiza- dance of ignorance as to many of the
states of the Americas. Whether or not tion of American States. I believe that details, that the Puerto Rico National
that can be done I do not know. There the existing crisis is the acid test of the Guard be used. I have seen units of the
are several resolutions in the OAS which usefulness of the Organization of Ameri- Puerto Rico National Guard. They are
will be considered today and tomorrow. can States. If other member nations well trained. I believe they would acquit
Perhaps out of those three or four reso- can find it in their hearts and consci- themselves well. They are neighbors of
lutions will come a composite resolution ences to respond fully and to furnish the Dominican Republic. They speak
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RESSIONAL. RECORD - SENATE
May 4, 196
the same language, Not only would the, in our understanding of the rest of the analysis of the situation. I agree with
acquit themselves well; they would re- hemisphere. All of them are men of him completely and stress particularly
ceive from the beginning a great amount great distinction, who have made contri- the desirability of following through on
of good will from the people who must buttons to the betterment of their coun- the positive suggestions he has made for
be somewhat suspicious-the people of tries and the hemisphere as a whole. seeking equal numbers of troops from
the Dominican Republic. Mr. HOLLAND. I thank the distin- many different nations, and for the sub-
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will guished majority leader. stitution, as quickly as possible, of the
the Senator yield? Iclose by saying again that I believe OAS in handling the problem.
Mr. HOLLAND. I am glad to yield. this is a magnificent opportunity, as well The Senator from New York [Mr.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Without giving tho as an acid test, for the Organization of JAVITS] brought out the fact that there is
matter careful thought, the proposal to American States. I hope that that a certain lack of flexibility in the situa-
have Puerto Rico join the 19 Americar Organization will rise to the opportunity tion in which we are and that, therefore,
States to comprise an Inter-American and fulfill its high potentialities. it it is doubly important to persuade the
Peace Force seems to have substantia:. can become a most useful, strongly effec- OAS to assume responsibility.
foundation. They are Spanish-speakin?` tive, and highly respected body, which it There is another point, to underline
people who would fit In very well with.- has not always been in the past. I want the words of the Senator from Vermont
the nations, of the hemisphere and could it to become such a body. [Mr. AIKEN], and that is that the Do-
W611 help to represent the United State,- Mr. MANSFIELD. Yes; I agree with mizdean Republic is on our very door-
in such an organization. the distinguished Senator from Florida. step. While it may not be in accordance
Mr. HOLLAND. I thank the distin- We want mutual respect with them; we with international law, it Is generally
guished Senator from Montana. :[ offer want a mutual assumption of responsi- accepted among the nations of the world
the suggestion merely for consideration bility; we want them to take their prop- that we have a particular relationship
by those who will have a chance to con- er role in the affairs of the hemisphere to our neighboring nations in this
sider the intimate, facts better than I as a whole. hemisphere. It was in recognition of this
can here. Mr. ELLENDER. Mr. President, will fact that the Monroe Doctrine was
Second, former Governor Munoz- the Senator from Montana yield? enunciated and accepted by the rest of
Mann is a person,who has established Mr, MANSFIELD. I yield. the' world. In addition, little nations,
himself as a real statesman, who has Mr. ELLENDER. I am in thorough close to great nations are generally
shown his Independence in many ways accord with what my good friend from part of their sphere of influence. On
concerning our way of thinking in this Florida [Mr. HOLLAND] has just said these bases, we have taken drastic ac-
country, and yet has insisted upon his about the OAS. Now is the time for it to tion in the past in. this hemisphere. As
,country becoming a permanent part of exhibit its capabilities as a peacemaker. the Senator from Vermont pointed out,
the United States, having common- It must not fail us. It should be in the it is not the same as the situation that
wealth status. If aconsultative body or forefront in an effort to bring about exists in southeast Asia and the two sit-
an advisory group, or something of that peace in Santo Domingo. I do not In- uations are different.
sort, is to be established in the Do:mini- tend at this time to restate my views Mr. MANSFIELD. I agree with the
can Republic, I suggest that we not over- - in respect to both Cuba and the Domin- Senator.
look the fact that we have in Puerto ican Republic. I have said on many oc- Mr. President, a parliamentary in-
Rico, headed by former Governor Munoz casions that Castro should never have quirt'.
Marin, several well trained statesmen been recognized by us and that I thought The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Rus-
who can represent this country with it was tragic for the late General Tru- SELL of South Carolina in the chair).
ability and who, at the same time, will be jillo to have been ousted from the Do- The Senator will state it.
recognized as having the ability to talk minican Republic by way of assassina- M:r. MANSFIELD. What is the pend-
the same language. I am speaking not tion. But all of that now is water under ing business?
only in terms of the words they use; but the bridge. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
they would have the same Latin Ameri- I heard the President this morning; pending business is the Voting Rights
can viewpoint. Many of them are Span- I heard him last night over the radio. Act of 1965, S.. 1564.
ish-Americans. Some,. of course, in From what he said, that area of the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
Santo Domingo are French-Americans. world is in grave danger at the moment, suggest the absence of a quorum.
Some, from Brazil-and I am glad to ob- He stated that a large number of Ameri- The PRES:DING OFFICER. The
serve that Brazil has already responded cans and foreigners are there and must clerk will call the roll.
helpfully-are Portuguese-Americans. be protected. As the distinguished Sen- The legislative clerk proceeded to call
But they would be recognized as a part ator from Florida has said, the acid test the roll.
of the great Latin-American group who for the continued existence, and support Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I ask
number more in their total population by us, of the OAS, is near at hand. Un- unanimous consent that the order for
than. we have in the United States. less the member nations are able to work the quorum call be rescinded.
MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will - together and help to ward off commu- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
the Senator yield? nism in the Southern Hemisphere, its CARLSON in the chair). Without objec-
Mr, I'IOLLAND. I yield. usefulness will be questionable. We tion, it is so ordered.
Mr. MANSFIELD Again, the Sen- should not be compelled to carry the
ator from Florida has made a note- burden alone.
worthy contribution. I fully approve So far as I am concerned, although I VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965
of the idea that such contacts should be have criticized what was done in Viet-
'Me
eItablished-and I feel certain they nam and in the Dominican Republic, the of the e bill Senate resumed the consideration
would be-with such men as former gov- fact is, our forces are now engaged in ent (S . of' ' the to enforce Constitution o tho 1the
ernor, now Senator Munoz-Marin; with both areas, and the time hasnot arrived amendment the
Romulo Aetancourt, former President of for us to retreat. Based on the knowl- United ., States.
m Prysito S I 1564,
Venezuela; and with Jose Figueres, for- -edge at hand I believe Congress ought address r, yself. Air. ,
mer President Of Costa Rica; and I to respond to the request of the Presi- which i m the myself primarily r the Se-
would hope also with a man who served dent for additional funds. So far as I ate whichh with original bill before l Sen
with. distinction in the Department of am concerned, that is the course I shall ing'rights h reference and the fer to vd ots
State as Deputy Assistant. Secretary of -pursue, parts question, and refer to ofi oue
State for Inter-American Affairs, D. Mr. MANSFIELD. I thank the Sena- original ar all
bill, , and the them the prop pending propose of b
Arturo Morales-Carrion. Dr. Morales- :tor from Louisiana. proposed stitute, Carrion is one of the outstanding schol- Mr. PELL. Mr. President, will the First well as the Ervin amendment.
quit.
ars of -hemispheric affairs with a dis- -Senator from Montana yield? briefly yt I to the wish to address myself quite
tinguished record. and reputation not Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield to the dis- of the Statesprd the of the rights
bodies
only in Puerto Rico. and the United tinguished Senator from Rhode Island. of th States, to impose e such reasonable
only but.. throughout the Americas. Mr. PELL. I congratulate the Sena- tests eas States, may seesuch reasonable
All of these,men could serve as a bridge of may :gee fit T ficl-
tor from Montana on his comments and trans oi. the right to vote. This s has al-
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 May 4, 1965
ApproveF&ftyRR)31e6RfyIA-6R000500120034-7 A2159
the "'Civil War Naval Chronology" is cer- a divided nation. That it did not seems
tainly one of the notable permanent con- surely an act of providence in the stirring
tributions to come out of the Civil War history of the great American dream of
Centennial. liberty that today, reaching across all seas to
"One should not study the Civil War, or all men by the power of ships, seems even
any war, from a single standpoint of land more than ever "the last best hope of earth."
Adm
'
.
writes
campaigns or sea operations,
E. M. Eller, Director of Naval History, in a
perceptive foreword to part V. "Together
land and sea make up the combined military
power of a nation. Either can be a great
blessing by itself in this jungle world where
ruthless men ever resort to brute power.
Yet together in combined operations their
strengths multiply rather than merely add.
For example, while navies can achieve many
successes by themselves, a mighty virtue in-
deed is the added capability warships give
of concentrating a nation's total power at the
point of decision.
"Further advantages exist in the inherent
capabilities that exist afloat of mobility, flex-
ibility, speed of concentration and attack.
"The influences of the sea pervaded the
Civil War and inevitably shaped the outcome
like a floodtide that reaches all shores. This
was true dramatically in a few large battles,
as in Farragut's decisive passage of the forts
of the Mississippi that with the fall of New
Orleans brought the certain defeat of the
South. It was similarly true in hundreds of
other events * * * Union strength afloat con-
tributed in many ways to the North's victory
and to disaster for the South"
The "Civil War Naval Chronology" will en-
able any student of the Civil War to follow
stage by stage, month by month, year by
f bitt warfare the
er
EXTENSION OF REIV~'J
HON EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
sured the OAS that the United States does
not back any man or faction in the Do-
minican crisis and that the United States will
act in conformity with OAS decisions.
The OAS should take advantage of the
U.S. offer to be the OAS instrument in work-
ing for peace and the restoration of a stable
non-Communist government in the Domini-
can Republic. By doing so the OAS would
serve notice (as President Johnson has done)
that Communist attempts to subvert govern-
ments in the Western Hemisphere will be
met with instant and unified resistance.
OF ILLINOIS Polish Constitution Day: A Tribute
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 4, 1965 SPEECH
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
President is receiving overwhelming sup-
port from the public for the strong posi-
tion he has taken in Vietnam and now
in the Dominican Republic.
Despite shrill outbursts from members
of the President's party it is evident that
there is great grassroot support for a
firm foreign policy.
An editorial in the Chicago Sun-Times
is typical of the kind of support the
President is receiving:
(From the Chicago (Ill.) Sun-Times,
May 4, 19661
Two-FRONT WAR
year for the 4 years o
naval operations of both the Union and Con- The role of the United States in the Do-
federate Navies. minican crisis has expanded and changed
When the project of a Civil War %iaval in the past week. It began as protection
chronology was first planned, a maximu'rn of for American citizens. It has changed to
250 pages-about 60 pages a year for 5 years- the more difficult task of halting a Com-
was envisaged. But, as will be seen by the munist attempt to take over the Govern-
following, the project quickly developed to ment of the Dominican Republic.
almost three times the original projected The record of evacuations should put down
length: the criticism voiced by some members of the
Part I. covering the naval events of 1861, Organization of American States. The
was only 41 pages long, and cost only 25 United States has taken more than 3,000 per-
cents at the Government Printing Office. sons of 30 nations out of the danger zone.
Part II, listing sea operations of 1862, had More than 5,000, including 1,500 Americans,
117 pages and cost 60 cents. remain to be evacuated. President Johnson
Part III, the largest of all, required 169 prevented, and is preventing, what might
pages to record the war on the water in 1863. have been a massacre of innocent persons.
This part of "Civil War Naval Chronology" Some of the criticism of the U.S. action
cost $1. In moving a powerful military force into the
Part IV, costing 75 cents, told the naval Dominican Republic is founded, without
doings of 1864 in 151 pages. doubt, in the old fears of imperialist Ameri-
Part V, just issued at 75 cents, has 149 can intervention in Latin American affairs.
pages to record the naval activities of 1865. Those fears belong to the past. They are
Individual copies, or the complete set of not valid today. But still they remain.
five parts, may be obtained from the Super- They should have been eased by President
intendent of Documents, Government Print- Johnson's speech on Sunday evening. Mr.
ing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402. The cost Johnson pointed out that the leaders of the
for all five parts is $3.35. The complete work Dominican revolt had been displaced by
thus becomes one of the biggest bargains in Communists, many of them trained in Cuba.
Civil War literature. An index to the five- If those Latin American nations which
part chronology is scheduled to be published criticize the United States for its attempt to
at a later date. contain Communist subversion in one of
The chronology "team," under the direc- their sister nations have an alternative to
tion of Admiral Eller, consisted of Dr, Wil- such subversion they should speak up. Cer-
liam J. Morgan, head of'the'research section, tainly Venezuela, which. has suffered greatly
and Lt. Richard M. Basoco, USNR. They at the hands of Cuban attempts at subver-
were assisted from time to time by others on sion, should not be critical. Venezuela
temporary assignments when the workload should have been one of the first to defend
became too heavy. the U.S. move to halt the Communists in
In the closing words to his prefatory com- the Dominican Republic.
ments to part V, Admiral Eller neatly sums President Johnson acted correctly in the
up the outcome of the war and what might newest crisis in the Caribbean. If the United
have happened: States must fight the Communist attempts
"The North's superiority afloat indeed was to overthrow the Government of South Viet-
so overwhelming and so well exploited that nam it must fight the Communist attempt to
South could have Anna take over the Government of the Dominican
_
thi_
th
o
g
e
he
ob
ive
m
..
i.,,,
s
could have overcome it and prevented defeat. Republic. he vvi= mu
"On the other hand, had the South fore- same in both areas. that has kept alive American concern for
seen the inevitable fatal results of the North's The United States has asked that other Poland, I extend my congratulations and
sea superiority and taken dynamic action at Latin American nations make their armed join with all of my colleagues in this
the outset * * * some of the early irreversi- forces available to keep the peace in the salute Polish people every-
been disasters like New Orleans might have Dominican Republic. This is a-hat counter Chamber r to sthsalcontinuing struggle to
been averted or .long delayed. Consequently to the charges of "aggression" made by the where in the war might have ended in a stalemate and Communists. President Johnson has as- throw off the yoke of tyrrany.
HON.. DANTE B. FASCELL
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 3, 1965
Mr. FASCELL. Today, Mr. Speaker,
we are commemorating the anniversary
of the Polish Constitution of 1791. This
is a great day for the Polish people, and
it is a day that they commemorate with
a feeling of pride and a sense of honor.
This feeling comes not from the fact that
this Constitution had had any practical
effect upon the political system of Po-
land, because the Russians had invaded
Poland, crushed the Polish opposition,
and destroyed the Constitution before it
could really have become deeply en-
grained in the Polish system of govern-
ment. Rather this feeling comes from
the fact that this Constitution represents
the totality of Polish aspirations for
freedom and democracy. The Constitu-
tion was not long lasting. This is true.
But what lived on in the Polish tradition
were the ideals of this Constitution. And
so even today this Constitution is a
source of inspiration for all Poles.
To speak of the Polish historical ex-
perience is to speak of a series of great
tragedies that have befallen this much-
respected and much-honored people. At
the beginning of World War II, Poland
was invaded and partitioned by the Nazis
and the Soviets. In the spring of 1940,
the Soviets killed off the flower of Polish
leadership when it murdered thousands
of Poland's soldiers at Katyn. In the
closing days of World War II, Poland
found her territory occupied again by
the hated Soviet Russians. And in those
days the Russians destroyed what hopes
of freedom were possible by grossly vio-
lating the Yalta agreement that had
called for free and unfettered elections.
in the process of imposing their tyran-
nical system, the Soviets also imprisoned
the leaders of Poland's underground-gov-
ernment.
We call to mind today these tragedies,
Mr. Speaker, as we commemorate the
anniversary of the May 3 Constitution.
To Poles everywhere and to the members
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Mb"[rQRESS
A2160 IONAL RECORD APPENDIX May 4, 1965
Representative Race Urges Labor Supporl ` I am going to talk about the policies of Let me try to put Vietnam in clearer
of Presi4enIt on Vietnam this Government in the most serious crisis perspective.
beforethe world today. This is more im- Let me try to help you understand a little
Zsortant to labor than labor law, because the more clearly that Vietnam is important to
EXTENSION OF REMARKS working man, like the farmer, or the banker, you!-and why.
by . or the bureaucrat, or the used car salesman First of all, let me try to bring Vietnam
Is first an American. And the immediate a little closer to home.
HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI interests of his country, and the cause for I 'wonder how many of you could tell me
which it stands, come foremost in his mind' the approximate population of Vietnam.
of WISCONSIN and his heart. You have been reading about Vietnam in
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I plan to talk to you tonight. about the your newspapers for years.
Tuesday, May 4, 1965 overriding Issue of our time-and that is, Why don't all of you, right now, make a
which concept is going to prevail for our mental guess of Vietnam's population.
Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker last children arid our grandchildren and future Latest, reliable census figures for Vietnam
weekend my distinguished colleague from generations? place the population. at 31,517,000 persons.
the State of Wisconsin,, the Honorable Revolutionary communism which denies Roughly, that is the combined population
JOHN A. RACE, spoke to a convention of the freedom of the Individual? of Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan,
the Wisconsin State Council of Machin- Or our own free democratic society where Illinois, and Indiana.
the individual-and yes, the majority of in- The Vietnamese population is divided with
ists at Port Washington, Wis. dividuals-Is going to be master of his own about 16 million
In his remarks he urged strong Sup- destiny? a persons t V vfet-?
nam, and 15 million in South Vietnam.
port by the members of organized labor We, as members of the International As- These 31million persons live in a country,
for the policies of the Johnson admin- sociation of Machinists, have a proud his- smaller In size than the combined land area,
istration in Vietnam. _ He pointed out tory of being in the forefront battlelines op- of Wisconsin and Minnesota.
that labor's record of opposition to ag-,_ posed to communism. I mention these facts only to dispel a com-
that on and appeasement of aggressors We do not have to take a backseat to the mon belief that Vietnam is some little spot
is a long and honorable one. Johnny-Come-Lately-Birchers-the Minute- of jungle in southeast Asia, populated by a
men-or anyone else in love and loyalty to few thousand--or even a couple million-
Representative RACE made an eloquent our country. people living in huts.
and moving plea to his audience to rec- As pointed out in the recent editorial of North Vietnam shares its border with
ognize the Communist aggression in our newspaper, the Machinist, * * * "Labor's Communist China.
Vietnam as 'a. calculated threat to their record of opposition to appeasement of ag- South Vietnam is like a finger stretching
personal freedoms and the liberties of gressors is long and honorable. Organized into the great, free area of southeast Asia
their children. labor fought Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin, Mao with some 200 million persons not under
Because of the pertinency of this ad- Tse-tung, and Khrushchev. We now op- Communist domination.
dress to the eof the recent days, pose .Communist aggression against South Communist success in South Vietnam
I es pleased events
insert am to it into the RECORD As a member of organized labor, as a dependence of the rest of southeast Asia--
at this point and urge the attention of -Member of Congress, as an American, I Including Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma,
my colleagues to it: . support the policies of President Johnson Malaysia, Indonesia, India, and the Philip-
AN ADDRESS BY CONGRPSSMAN JOHN A. RACE, on Vietnam. pines.
- - -
TO THE WISCONSIN STATE COUNCIL OF MA I don't support them merely because he is There are more people living in those inde-
CBINISTs, PORT WASHINGTON, WIS., APRIL ;President and I am a Democratic Member pendent nations than in the entire United
30, 1965 of Congress, though I think there is much to States.
I have been a delegate to these State coup- be said for the principle that all Americans We are In Vietnam for a very simple reason,
ell sessions for man ought to support the President in foreign In 1954 and in 1962 the countries in-
y years as a representative policy matters unless he is clearly wrong. volved sought to negotiate the problems of
of my home lodge 1402 of Fond du Lac. Par- i do not support him on the grounds that that harassed and unha
ticipation in these conferences, I am sure, ppy part
solemn the globe.
sharpened my interest and broadened[ m `v'e don't know enough to have an opinion Negotiations were held and solemn agree-
agree-
y on the subject, because I feel the essential ments were entered into. Those agreements
horizons in the human affairs of my facts are available to the American people. have been systematically and continually
brothers-not only members of this great ` Moreover, I do not support the President violated by the Communist regime in North
machinists union-but my countrymen, and because I feel superior to those who oppose Vietnam virtually since the day they were
brothers of the world. him.
I urge you to take advantage of these con- We in organized labor g signed.
ferenCes. Learn from the experts here all a ree, with Presi- The North Vietnamese have been engaged
you can about our union, tlabor rove all -dent Johnson that the central lesson of our In aggression against the territory and people
meet, can about best methods the labor n ; ve- time is that the appetite of aggression is of South Vietnam for several years. The evi-and goals. E never satisfied. dence of this is overwhelming, and it has
Mst. of your work at this conference will "We fight," as the President said, "because been made available for the American people
be ost, d to cork at this bar conference must fight if we are to live in a world to judge.
gaining-your where every country can shape its own The heart of the problem in Vietnam is the
lodge's relationship to management--and destiny. And only In such a world will our infiltration of trained military personnel
legislation at the State and national levels p' n freedom_be finally secure."
that support our position.' _ I have been stud yin our and war material from North Vietnam Into
I think I know what you expect me to talk g position and South Vietnam.
policy in Vietnam.
about tonight. I think you anticipate, and The fnfiltratfoll over the years has added
you have every right to. anticipate, that I And I have been thinking about it-as, I tens of thousands of trained troops and sab.
will talk to you. about labor legislation and am sure, you have. oteurs which are the hard core of the so-
the condition ofthe American working man. - Maybe some of you are confused over the called Vietcong.
Legislation like repeal of 14-39 of the Taft- rrii fitness or wrongness of our actions in it is true that many people in South Viet-
Hartley Act, revisions in unemployment com- Maybe some of you-God forbid- nam are terrorized into cooperation, or at
pensation, increase and extension of the are indifferent. Maybe some of you don't least passiveness. But there is no case at all
minimum wage law. think we should be there. Maybe some of to back up the assertion that this is essen-
These issues are vital to you--and,rightly You have not thought about Vietnam in tially a civil war, or that thereis mass sup-
so. terms of a threat to your own peace and port for the Vietcong in South Vietnam ex-
Other legislation even more important to freedom in this country. cept where and when the Vietcong terror ac-
you is the aid-to-education bill and the social _ To you I address my remarks tonight. And tivities force the local people to cooperate.
security amendments contained in the so- t do so with the greatest sense of urgency. In this connection, it is significant that.
called medicare bill. . A review of our newspapers reveals a deep the major type of Vietcong activity has
I am sure Tsurprise none of you When I division among our editorial writers and been-not armed attacks against the troops
report that I voted in favor of the education zolumnists. Some say we should not even of the South Vietnamese Government-but
bill which the President signed into law be in Vietnam, while others urge an escala- terror attacks against South Vietnamese
April 11. I also voted ip, favor of the social Lion of the war there. civilians.
security, or medicare bill., which passed the A deep division of opinion also can be In December, 1964, for example, there were
House 313 to 115 toted among our educators, religious leaders, 96 Vietcong armed attacks as compared to
But I want to talk to you tonight about xnd yes, even among Members of Congress. 1,719 acts of terrorism and 318 acts of sabo-
something even more important than labor r And over Holy Week apd Easter, thousands tage.
legislation, than the education bill, than the itnd thousands of young people from all over If the Vietcong effort is, as they claim it
social security amendments. You know +31is country congregated in Washington to is-"a Vietnamese people's struggle against
where I stand on these issues anyway. Remonstrate against our Vietnam policy. Imperialism"-murders. and kidnapings of
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