U.S. GOVERNMENT ACTION IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120028-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 22, 2003
• Sequence Number: 28
• Publication Date: May 13, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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May 13, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE
10059
woodlot over the demand of a growing town of land will be planted to trees In an attempt selves out as they would, this country would
for more housing space or for a new .high to counteract some of the diversion. We can in effect have been making the choice to let
way right-of-way. But, much, can be done easily see how much more serious our plight the carnage continue, with the lives of thou-
to make certain that these demands for more would be without this planting and these sands of American and foreign citizens at
and more space are truly justified and that new forests. stake. And we would, further, have been
proper planning has been carried out to We must take every means to encourage taking the chance that out of the blood and
assure maximum use of the la.nci
m
le
f th
..
p
s o
e wear-
ing of excessive amounts of land to accom-
modate, special single-purpose projects.
Often, too, land is retained in a barren, un-
productive condition long after the purpose
for which it was cleared has been served.
Certainly, such land can and must be re-
turned to trees as rapidly as possible, Fre-
quently, when someone cares enough to take
a second look, alternative sites, which re-
quire little or no clearing of land, can be
located.
A recent example of this is fresh in my
mind. Last fall, just before the general elec-
tion, it became known that plans were being
made to route a tollway through the grounds
of the Morton Arboretum. This would have
had a disastrous effect on that lovely loca-
tion. immediately, conservation forces were
mobilized, pressure was brought to bear on
the planners and the idea, which presumably
was advanced as being essential, was aban-
doned, Other means were found for han-
dling that traffic.
Please do not misunderstand me on this
point. I am not suggesting that our forest
land be locked up and removed from use and
enjoyment. This would not be conservation,
which means wise use; it would be preserva-
tion, which means a static state. What I am
suggesting is that trees and the land upon
which they grow be used with great wisdom
and restraint as befits a resource .which, if
properly utilized, can last forever, but which,
if unwisely used, can be depleted to the loss
and sorrow of all people.
We must realize that never again will land
and forests be so plentiful that each special
interest group can claim an area and do
with it as it likes to satisfy its own needs
and desires to the exclusion of all others.
We will have to learn to apply the multiple-
use concept, whereby, through enlightened
planning and utilization, each acre of land
produces Its maximum number of benefits.
Land planted in ' trees, to be utilized as
forest products must also provide cover for
k
av see
rent points up the painful decision
to recreate their spirits in communion
nature. By the same token,. as the popula- which the administration faced when
tion expands and more people demand more confronted with this emergency and the
products and benefits from the forest, fewer sensible choice which President Johnson
and fewer sections can be set aside exclu- made.
sively for game and recreation. I ask unanim
ous
- iiiauiwinmg peace and democratic gov-
ernments in the Western Hemisphere belong
to all members of the OAS, and if present
machinery does not work adequately better
machinery must be devised.
consent that It be
As sites are cleared for the endless ex-
paAsion s our clear, ford the endless x printed in the RECORD. NOMINATION OF CHARLES S. MUR-consi pansiand steer cakes so as d
ratio must be e There being no objection, the editorial PHY TO BE CHAIRMAN OF CIVIL
to leave the maxi
mum number of trees in their natural v' ordered to be printed in the RECORD, AERONAUTICS BOARD
settings. as follows:
Mr.
Forested watersheds must husband the [From the Harrisburg (Pa.) Patriot. May a. __
BAYH. Mr. President, Charles S.
ur
p
and recreation. A PAINFUL DECISION BUT THE ALTERNATIVE
Fortunately, by enlightened management WAS WORSE
and intelligent use, it is possible-and often The turmoil in the Dominican Republic
best-for a given tract of land to provide has confronted the U.S. Government with
multiple benefits. Public agencies and pri- the most painful kind of decision. Life
vate interests should cooperate at every level would be a good deal simpler if right and
to assure that multiple-use concepts are ap- . wrong were always unmistakably clear, and
plied relentlessly. decisions would be relatively At the same time, it must be realized that events would wait while clarityais1ebeing
while some areas can produce multiple bene- established.
fits, others are suited to yield only one type But events don't wait. Most of the im-
of benefit. Where these one-benefit areas portant decisions-and hence the hardest-
exist, they should be managed with the same involve the choice between the greater and
determination to provide the maximum of the lesser evils, or between principles both
that one benefit. of which are right but which come into con-
Another remedy to the problem of trees flict with themselves.
and people is the same as the one advocated But choices must be made. As President
by J. Sterling Morton and symbolized by Johnson pointed out in his Sunday evening
Arbor Day. speech, which was addressed as much to the
Currently, nearly i billion trees are planted people of Latin America as to the people of
each year in the United States on private the United States, not to choose is itself a
and Government lands. In fact, during the form of choice. If the U.S. Government had
period 1958 to 1975, nearly 19 million acres stayed its hand and let events sort them-
encouragement can come in the form of ed- The United States could not and would not
ucational campaigns, assistance from private take that chance.
interests and favorable legislation and tax There has been some grumbling in Latin
structures. America, quite natural in view of past his-
The people of the United States must have tory, about unilateral "Yanqui" intervention
trees and forests, and they will have them. - into the affairs of a sovereign state. Yet it
As it is with almost all of the challenges we must be said that the criticism has not been
face as a free people, this one will be solved as great as the Johnson administration
either by the citizenry acting by its own feared it might be. Latin Americans are
choice to meet its material and spiritual sensitive to "gunboat diplomacy," but they
needs and those of future generations; or, are sophisticated enough to understand that
the decisions will be made through authori- their own interests are involved when Castro-
tative action by the several government supported forces seek to overthrow a Western
agencies. It is my hope and belief that cit- Hemisphere government.
izens, as individuals, and in groups, will It is quite true that the Charter of the
face these facts we have considered today Organization of American States declares
and act with the same devotion, energy, and that "the territory of the States is inviolable;
intelligence shown by J. Sterling Morton. It may not be the object, even temporarily,
I would like to close by quoting two para- of military occupation or of other measures
graphs from a letter he wrote to the Omaha of force taken by another State, directly or
Daily Herald on the occasion of the first indirectly, on any grounds whatever."
Arbor Day. He declared: "A collection of It is also true, however, that--as Presi-
inanimate marbles may, for a few years, pre- dent Johnson pointedly noted in his ad-
serve the name, and entry, and exist on this dress-in January of 1962 the OAS declared:
stage in life's short play. But how much "The principles of communism are incom-
more enduring are the animate trees of our patible with the principles of the inter-Amer-
own planting. They grow and self-perpet- ican system."
uate themselves, and shed yearly blessings The latter declaration would be a dead
on our race. Trees are the monuments i letter if nothing were done to implement it.
would have. And the inviolability of hemispheric terri-
"Thus we come to a benediction on the tory cannot be one sided. If, as the adminis-
institution of Arbor Day in Nebraska, . May tration asserts, outside forces intervened in
it become a joy forever, and its anniversary the Dominican Republic to establish a
be perpetuated in the constantly increasing Castro-type regime, the United States would
blessings which its faithful observance is be remiss in its responsibilities to the Do-
absolutely certain to bestow." minican people, to the inter-American sys-
This is not, however, and should not be
a one-nation show. The OAS met in re-
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC spouse to a U.S. request and has sent a five-
nation Mr. BAYH. Mr. President, recently I stop the fighting. The United States alsohel Is
had the opportunity to read a very fine requesting OAS members to provide military
editorial on the situation in the Domini- forces of their own for what is a necessary
can Republic which appeared in the but what must be a temporary occupation
Johnson to assume the chairmanship of
the Civil Aeronautics Board.
I have worked with Under Secretary
Murphy on a number of vital and com-
plex problems. I have found him at all
times to be an objective and fair admin-
istrator. His judgments reflected due
consideration of all factors involved.
His decisions were just and equitable.
It cannot be 'doubted but that he evalu-
ates all matters on their merits.
Under Secretary Murphy is a highly
competent, well qualified, and dedicated
public servant. His services and contri-
butions to agriculture have been many
and varied.
I recommend him for his exemplary
performance of duty in the Department
of Agriculture. I am certain that, after
confirmation by the Senate, he will con-
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10060 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 13, 1965
more to it than that. It means something
tinue to contribute greatly to the na- PA'.33IOTISM IS NOT DEAD to me to live here, belonging to a group of
tional interest in his new assignment. Mr. BZNNETT. Mr. President, in this people who, for the most part, defend the
day when patriotism and love of country principles upon which our Government is
VERMONT LEGISLATURE OPPOSES are considered unsophisticated and passe founded.
NT'S by Americans I am heartened by hats won't meaning forme to do oyet It
POST OFFICE DEPARTME I
PROPOSAL TO CURTAIL RAIL- recent ent expressions of three Utahans who cannot hold public office, I cannot vote, and
ROAD SERVICE INTO NORTHERN were recently selected recipients of Free- I am not qualified to compare societies with
dom F,)undation Awards. They are: other countries. But I can say that these
VERMONT Raymord Takashi Swenson, Robert B. things affect me even now, and I should
Mr. PROUTY. Mr. President, the sub- Fox, an I David Van DeGraff. therefore make an effort to learn more about
f
ject of railway mail service is of deep Their essays are particularly refresh- them, for that sntakand e the one of
concern to the people of Vermont. Hun- ing corr. fug at a time when many of the preparin
does eresponsibilities.
takoenshtme? It
anthd myself Slf to dreds of my constituents have written counterparts of these award winners who preBut what and
and spoken to me about the plan of the likewise enjoy the advantages of Ameri- means that I can kneel at any time and pray,
Post Office Department to truck the mail can cite enship have taken it upon them- in my own way, to God. It means that no
into northern Vermont. They are op- selves to picket the White House and to person, be he pauper or President, can force
posed to this plan, because of the hard- decry o it policies designed to protect the his beliefs upon. me; nor can I force mine
ships that would result from the loss of people of southeast Asia and generally upon him.
that I can salute the flag of the
stt pledging anew the flag of the
employment by several employees, and refusing to serve their country in the It means
the resultant curtailment of passenger preservation of freedom. Unit i ed aSt es, ledging and my principles legia it
service. On the basis that these essays will have stands for.
The feeling that this plan would be a widespread interest, I ask unanimous It means that I can join the Boy Scouts or
detriment to the economy of the area consent :that they be printed in the CoN- any other organization that developsmy per-
and to the efficiency of the mail is re- GRESSIO'TAL RECORD. sonality and does not limit other peoples'
flected in the recent action of the Gen- Thera being no objection, the essays freedoms.
un-
eral Assembly of the State of Vermont were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, rest means that c have, an ducatio other ned by so R12. unanimously adopting Joint Senate as follcws:
war I LOVE AMERICA discrimination, and continuing as long as I
Resolution am willing to work for it.
I congratulate the general assembly, (By David Van DeGraff) It means that I can travel anywhere in this
and hope this expression of sentiment I dont know why exactly, except when I broad land without the sanction of the Gov-
will help alert the Senate to the feelings really start to think about it, I get a strange ernment. I need no passport or visa in order
of Vermonters on the proposal of the Post feeling deep inside my chest. I feel the same to vacation in California. or- visit Wyoming.
Office Department. way at pack meeting when we have the flag It means that I have an opportunity to
I ask unanimous consent to have ceremony. I'm really proud to be an Amer- grow into an intelligent, moral human
being.
printed at this point in the CONGRES- ic;an. I'm proud to be a Cub Scout, too, because Most of all, it means that I'm recognized
SIONAL RECORD the Vermont General As- I'm leaning how to get along with other as a separate. thinking individual. I am,
sembly's Joint Senate Resolution 12. people end to play fair. And that's why I as are my fellow men, considered a person,
There being no objection, the resolu- love Anierica. I know if I do my best and with individual thoughts, individual emo-
tion was ordered to be printed in the play sgaare that I can be anything I want tions, Individual actions, but possessing
RECORD, as follows: to be. - rights equal to those of every other citizen.
SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 12 I can curl up in my warm bed at night You and I, everyone, is considered separate
and feet safe, because if .America was ever but equal under the law. Our lives are
Joint resolution relating to retention of rail- threate led by anyone or anything I know guided and built upon guarantees made to
way mail service between St. Albans and that I and all my friends would stick together us by the Federal Republic we live under,
White River Junction and return and fig] it to keep our country safe. assurances that we can pray to God, salute
Whereas by recent pronouncement, the the flag, complete an education, and mature
U.S. Post Office Department has indicated its WHAT IT MEANS TO ME TO BE A CITIZEN OF THE into responsible adults. But, above all, I
intention to prohibit the carriage of mail by - - UNITED STATES or AMERICA have the assurance that I wilt be recognized
railway train service between St. Albans and (By Raymond Takashi Swenson) and appreciated as a thinking individual by
White River Junction and return, commenc- my fellows, by my elders, and by my Lov-
ing as of July 1, 1966; and Fume Suzuki, a Japanese citizen during ernment.
Whereas the implementation of such policy the Second World War, lived in a small home
In Nagoya with her parents and their five REFLECTIONS - WHILE STANDING BEFORE THE
re the U.S. Post Office substantial revenue would by other children. They lived in constant fear ;LINCOLN MEMORIAL sult In
Central the the Vermont Railway, s,a i would ura result of dying, either from lack of food or from
loss the
the American bombs which had such (By Robert Fox)
time he mss of employment d by several Vermont long- devastating effects. This dread was When gazing upon the statue of this great
tiemployees
would result Central possible Railway, heightmed especially near the end of the man Abraham Lincoln, my thoughts first go
curtailment of railway poss the servic conflic ;. They were fortunate when they back hundreds of years to the man whose
Abra-
fsl Vermont Rai ay be- could c ecure a fewgrains of the tough brown name he bears, that man being father Abra-
tween furnished
St. A by y lbans Central and White River Railway Junction on rice, Scmetimes the only food available. Her ham, well known in the literature of the
tween father an air raid warden, was also fortunate Bible. Abraham of ancient times became the
and return: Now, therefore, be s when be was able to return to his family father of many nations. He was chosen by
Resolved , h the the General Assembly of rep- after ishe bombings. the Lord to be a pillar of strength and a
t a o,f That the Goes hl Asereby sem rooster blystee of This `woman is my mother. She decided leader among his people. What better name
the e State o Vermont does hereby talc the road to American citizenship for could have been given to one of the fathers
its U. . Post Office tition to the proposed order of the her family's welfare. Naturalization allowed and stalwarts in the history of this blessed
carriage osmb by railway prohibiting the her, alter living in this country 3 years and land of America.
tween St. mail and White River service taking an oath of allegiance, to become a The stone facsimile of this man commands
the unc Ver- citizen of the greatest land on earth. respect and reverence while in its presence
and return, urn, and anAlbans does os White IRiver urge Junction
to such moot congressional delegation to voice such Othor aliens had different reasons for because the likeness reminds one of the flesh
opposition to the proper Government offi- becoming citizens, but there is one major one and blood man, the man who rose from a
cials; and be it further which. envelopes all the rest, that can be humble, backwoods, log cab.tn beginning to
Resolved, That the secretary of state send descri'sed in one word: "opportunity." They the leader of a powerful nation, without him-
a copy of this resolution to Senator GEORGE wanted an opportunity to become rich, an self losing his humility. He never became
D. AIKEN, Senator WINSTON L. PRouTY, and opportunity to make a farm out of wasteland, too great to honor and love the woman who
Congressman ROBERT T. STAFFORD and the an op sortunity to pursue their chosen pro- gave him birth. "All 1: am or ever hope to
Honorable John A. Gronouski, Postmaster fessiol, an opportunity to worship as they be, I owe to my sainted mother."
General of the United States. wished, or an opportunity to raise a family This man who reached the top, the pin-
Approved May 3, 1965. In an;r way they saw fit, and many, ever so nacle of success among businessmen, politi-
PHILIP H. HOFF, many more reasons. cians and people in so-called high places, did
Governor. if 1 ,bad a list of those things dear to me, not for once- forget the common man, for he
JOHN J. DALEY, my mother and my citizenship would head too liked to be numbered as one. "Whatever
President of the Senate. the liit. One reason for this is that citizen- is calculated to improve the condition of the
FRANKLIN S. BILLINGS, Jr., ship it dear to my mother, and thus becomes honest, struggling laboring man, I am for
Speaker of the House of Representatives. valuaSle to me. But there is certainly much that thing." He not only preached for the
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May 13, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-APPENDIX
pleasing personality, his sincerity, tact and
friendliness, has endeared him to his asso-
ciates: Now, therefore, be it
"Resolved, That the Texas Veterans Affairs
Commission does hereby go on record to
co4m~nmend Glyndon M. Hague for the signifi-
cant contribution he has made toward our
mutual goal of rendering a real and tangi-
ble service to Texas veterans and their de-
pendents; and be it further
"Resolved, That the members of the vet-
erans affairs commission acknowledge with
profound appreciation the cooperation and
assistance that Mr. Hague has extended to
this commission, and by this resolution, rec-
ognizes and pays tribute to Glyndon M.
Hague for his active interest and under-
standing of veterans' problems and welfare,
and direct that a copy of this resolution be
presented to him.
"In official recognition whereof, we hereby
affix our signatures this 4th day of May 1965.
"JOHN E. ,MCKELVEY,
"Chairman.
"CHARLES L. MORRIS,
"Executive Director."
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JACOB H. GILBERT
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 13, 1965
Mr. GILBERT. Mr. Speaker, with
permission I wish to call to the attention
of my colleagues in the House the fol-
lowing article which appeared in the
New York Herald Tribune of May 2,
1965, concerning the situation in the
Dominican Republic:
INTERVENING FOR FREEDOM
In announcing the Soviet call 'for a Secu-
rity Council meeting on the U.S. Dominican
intervention, Tass yesterday echoed the cries
of the anti-Yanqui, of the automatic anti-
interventionist, of Castro and his acolytes,
and also of many an American who, nose
buried in the history of an earlier era, was
quick last week to shout "gunboat diplo-
macy."
- According to Tass, the marine-landing was
"yet another attempt to keep in power a re-
actionary, an antipopular dictatorship re-
gime, which suits the United States of Amer-
ica, and to suppress the strivings of the
people for freedom and independence. * *
There can be no justification for the inva-
sion of the territory of a sovereign state by
the American Armed Forces."
The charge of "gunboat diplomacy" is, in
the common pejorative sense of the phrase,
as unjustified in this instance as the gun-
boats of old are obsolete and as the Tass
charge is false. True, American Armed
Forces landed on a neighbor nation's shores.
True, the protection of U.S. and other foreign
lives seems to have been more an excuse than
a reason, a device designed to give juridical
legitimacy to a move made for reasons of high
policy. But what matters most in this case
is the purpose and the context.
The purpose was not to grab territory, to
extend U.S. influence or to install a Latin-
American dictator of our choosing. We have
no right and -no reason to intervene or to
take sides In a clash between those who
favor the restoration of President Bosch and
those headed by Gen. Wessin y Wessin,
who oppose it. The record proves that we
supported Dr. Bosch during the time he was
In office and that we demonstrated our
A2383
strong disapproval of those, Including There is no politics in this question-
eral Wessin y Wessin, who overthrew him. naire. It is sent to all registered voters
We do, however, have a duty to ourselves,
to other American Republics, and even to regardless of party.
the Dominican people to take precautionary The results were independently com-
measures which might prevent a group of piled by Date Management, Inc. of
Communists from exploiting chaos to repeat Washington, D.C.
what happened in Cuba, If that was under- Of the 11 questions asked only one re-
taken unilaterally by the United States, it ceived a "no" vote and that was on ad-
was not by choice but by necessity. It was hitting Red China to the U.N. There
due to the failure of the Organization of
American States, following the Castro be- was an overwhelming 73.7 percent
trayal, to create an inter-American force against this.
which might act swiftly to deal with such All the other questions received "yes"
an emergency as arose in the Dominican votes, the most emphatic being in favor
Republic. Of withholding voting rights from U.N.
Latin-American governments instinctively members who do not pay dues-89.7 per-
rush to the nonintervention article 17 of cent-and the next in favor of prayer in
the OAS Charter whenever they fear the
"colossus of the North" is overstepping itself public schools-81.1 percent.
in hemisphere affairs. But this time, while The largest uncertain vote concerned
citing the article, they have been strikingly American policy in Vietnam-14.6 per-
moderate and reserved in their reaction. cent-and - the smallest on prayer in
The reason must be that many, at least, schools-3.1 percent.
understand and sympathize with the purpose However, 54.9 percent of those answer-
of President Johnson's action, and recognize ing favored continued participation in
that Castro has introduced.a new element the war in South Vietnam using present
that requires new responses. Through his methods.
betrayal of his own rev
l
ti
o
u
on, followed by
his persistent campaign to organize-and
subvert-revolutions in other countries,
Castro has made revolution in Latin America
an International exercise. Whatever its trap-
pings, a Castro-inspired revolt Is not a
domestic product. To be effective as an orga-
nization for the common defense, the OAS
has to devise means to prevent the new-style
Havana-directed bAirrowing under national
boundaries, as well as the old-style crossing
over them.
ce o
a
President Johnson has sought diligently political philosophy. Most persons de-
to prod the OAS into converting the uni- scribed themselves as politically moder-
lateral American intervention into a multi- ate-43,.7 percent. Conservative was
lateral OAS intervention. This, if success- selected by 28.8 percent and liberal by
ful, could be the first step toward creation 20.1 percent. The balance indicated no
of a permanent force that would make future
unilateral action unnecessary. It should be. preference.
Meanwhile, conditions have to be - estab- The growing response and fact that
lished in the Dominican Republic which will more than half of the questionnaires re-
enable its sorely tried people to walk the turned contained individual comments
streets in safety, and to choose their own shows that the people of the "Fabulous
government-without fear that they are Fourth" Congressional District do care
being delivered into the hands of a secretly about their government.
plotted tyranny, a tyranny which the Soviets, On May 13 of last year, I gave the
who so piously protested to the U.N., would benefit of this combined thinking of our
dearly like to see imposed.
Fabulous Fourth Questionnaire
SPEECH
OF
HON. JOHN W. WYDLER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 12, 1965
Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, in March
of this year I mailed my second annual
questionnaire to over 100,000 constitu-
ents in the Fourth - Congressional Dis-
trict of New York.
My first questionnaire last year elicit-
ed an enthusiastic response and requests
for more, and I promised to make this
procedure an annual one. Through it I
learn the thinking of those who live in
the "Fabulous Fourth" Congressional
District and I keep abreast of - public
opinion. Although its printing is expen-
sive, it is well worth the cost to me.
Returns are still coming in at a rate
which indicates we will surpass the unus-
ually high number of 14,000 replies re-
ceived last year.
The deepest splits developed on the is-
sues of medicare-46.5 to 44 percent-
and Federal aid to private and parochial
schools-44.6 to 49.6 percent.
Support for my bill, H.R. 2488, to give
tax credits to parents paying tuition-
70.2 percent in favor this year as com-
pared to 72.3 percent last year.
The most interesting and unique re-
sult was on the personal choi
f
district to my colleagues in the House
of Representatives. -
As Promised, I now do this again this
year-and on the same day-May 13-
and I will mail these results to all who
live in the Fourth Congressional Dis-
trict.
My thanks and congratulations to
those who participated and made this
questionnaire a success. You have as-
sured its continuation next year.
The questionnaire follows:
FABULOUS FOURTH QUESTIONNAIRE
FOREIGN POLICY
1. Do you favor participation of Red China
in the U.N.? Yes, 17.5; no, 73.7; undecided,
8.8.
2. Do you favor continued participation in
the war In South Vietnam using present
methods? Yes, 54.9; no, 30.5; undecided,
14.6.
3. Do you favor withholding voting rights
from U.N. members who do not pay their
dues? Yes, 89.7; no, 4.8; undecided, 5.5.
HOMEFRONT POLICY
4. Do you favor further Federal legislation
to enforce the right to vote? Yes, 66.1; no,
26.4; undecided, 7.5.
5. Do you favor the 35-hour week? Yes,
46.3; no, 42.0; undecided, 11.7. -
EDUCATION
6. Do you favor allowing a voluntary non-
denominaitonal prayer to be recited in pub-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX May 13, 1965
A23M -4 ultimate
d ultimate
Tie schools? Yes; 81.1; no, 15.8; undecided,
7. Do you favor inclusion of private and
parochial schools in Federal aid-t-education
programs? Yes, 44.6; no, 49.6; undecided,
6.8.
8. Do ydu favor tax credits for parents who
pay tuition for their children attending
school? Yes, 70.2; no, 24.3; undecided, 5.5.
SOCIAL SECURITY AND TAXES
9. Do yott favor hospital care for those over
65, paid for by an increased social security
tax? Yes, 46.5; no, 44.0; undecided, 9.5.
10. Do you favor a reduction in spending
to produce a balanced Federal budget? Yes,
72.2; no, 16.8; undecided, 11.9. .
GENERAL PHILOSOPHY
(This question is optional. An answer is
not required.)
11: Do you favor a philosophy of govern-
ment that Is: conservative? 28.8; moderate?
49.7; liberal? 20.1.
"I fear the Communists may have found the key to Communist progress
a formula' for- combining on the one hand victory.
high quality in scientific and technological M. M. Deineko"s "Forty Years of Public
training and research--including production Education in the U.S.S.R." (Moscow, 1957)
of. original and creative work in the natural records that:"The right of citizens to educa-
sciences-and on the other hand acceptance tion is guaranteed by the Soviet Constitution
and obed'enee in political, economic, philo (art. 121) and is ensured by various state
sophical, and moral matters. Whether this measures: universal, compulsory 7-year edu-
formula will hold up over the decades may cation for children of school age in their na-
turn out. to be the crucial question of our tive language, extensive development of sec-
historic epoch. Allen Dulles, head of the ondary education:, free tuition in all types of
U.S. Cenral Intelligence Agency, expresses educational establishments, payment of state
'cautious hope' that it won't. I want to stipends to students, and provision of free
share thin hope; but I must honestly report technical and agronomic training in factories,
that I Move found no concrete evidence to on state and collective farms and at machine
sustain 11 '' and tractor stations."
When the Soviet Union launched the first In August 1964 a report on "Recent Trends
sputnik, on October 4, 1957, most people in in Soviet Scientific and Technical Education"
the Unite d States were startled. They hadn't was released by the Committee on Education
remotely suspected that the Soviet Union and Labor of the U.S. House of Representa-
had de'eloped scientists knowledgeable tives. It was presented by Congressman
enough, and in command of enough skills JOHN BRADSMAS, of Indiana, who in his letter
and reso'irees, to accomplish such a spectac- of transmittal summed up its highlights as
ular bre lkthrough. The sputnik impelled follows:
me to write a book enlarging on my observa- "1. Top Soviet leaders, including Chairman
tions of :.955. Published in 1958, "This Is the Khrushchev, have made strong pronounce-
the last couple of years that
auntlet the So-
durin
th
t
"
g
e g
s
meri
dealt With
A Personal Report: Teachers and Challenge
The viets hac..hurled at American education. My they intend [the U.S.S.R.] to be the world
the Taught in the U.S.S.R, views he 9e subsequently been corroborated leader in science.
many times. Lawrence G. Derthick, U.S. "2. The Soviets have doubled their grad-
Cornmir
EXTENSION OF REMARKS a delegf loner of Education, in 1958 headed uate enrollments during the last 4 years, with
a delegalon of 10 leading U.S. educators to heavy emphasis on science and engineering.
of inspect 3oviet education. He told the Na- "3. They have doubled their scientific re-
HON. BERNARD F. GRABOWSKI tfonal press club in Washington, D.C.: search budget during the last 4 years.
"shaid have seen has amazed us in one "4. They are continuing to graduate three
or CONNECTICUT outstanding ing particular; we were simply not times as many engineers as we are. For each the U IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as a panal one ithe s commeitted to i education ass engineer they plan to train 3 or 4 technicians.
May 4, 1965 "5. Their present 20-year plan, extending
Tuesday, means Of national advancement. Every- to 1980, envisions tremendous expansion in
.7f ewewcould atonly afconclude science, techxLology, and education, with
da: , I inserted in inserted in the Mr. RECORD Speaker, the first c tion . Went
terday, amounted to total commitment to educa- manyfold Increase in productivity in certain
tion. Cur major reaction therefore is one of branches of the national economy.
portion of an outstanding analysis of
educatioi'1 in the Union of Soviet Socialist astonist merit-and I choose the word care-
Republics written by William Benton, fully-at the extent to which this seems qualified, to apeak'on the subject rate certain
former Senator from the State of Con- to have been accomplished. For what it is aspects of Soviet higher education and their
necticut, former Assistant Secretary of worth, 10 American educators came away science and technology very highly."
UNESCO. and now serving as Ambassador to The sobered r- what they saw. Thus
a sal of science education within ward educational goalsnwithint
State
man
of Toebe ssure, roordt hem the Lt
UNEhe lim- and Today, with permission, I would like the yx ctontribut d to the following
passage by Con fallibility.
largely word
published continue series, was first Ublished in the EracyClopedia Britan- press ol-the National Defense Education Act education has a meaning that Is different
of 1958 -and ---and to its amendment and exten- from the generally accepted meaning of the
pica's Yearbook for 1965. aion in 1964 foranother 3 years. - word in the United States. Education in the
Soviet Union is always in part admonition
A PERSONAL REPORT; THE TEACHERS AND THE The gp>ltdetonated a barrage of criti- to serve the Communist cause; often it in-
TAVGHT IN THE U.S.S.R. cism and condemnation of educators and i; history.
(By William Benton, former Assistant Secre- educational practices in the 'United States. volves Never does what it to St us ress a the ben distortion ion of of the in-
U.S. of State and U.S. Senator; presently Some of this criticism was constructive. v Never does we redo, f but always the the in-
U.S. Ambassador to UNESCO and U.S. Much of it was aimed at the wrong targets. di the State. But rarely, if aver, is it a dits
member of its executive board; publisher Howevilt, it seems ironic that a Soviet scien- torte of science. tl saver, ai a is
and chairman, Encyclopedia Britannica) tific and technical success was required to s in one fields, Soviet ional e c re-
CHAPTER I-A QUICK OVERVIEW OF THE CHAL- galvan.ze public interest in our American ton Lions in one oa two wo fields, as probing and sear LENGE OF SOVIET ID e of school!:: curious ass any In the world. For example,
Education is at the very core of the Com- The sputnik may help illustratehow igno- mathematics and all the physical sciences re-
munist system. rants jf Communist purposes, and of Com- main free of political bias. The theories of
To the question, "Is Soviet education any munier; abilities and successes, can help blind the frebiologist Lysenko, supported by Stalin
good?" I must reply, "Yes, it is good-it us to the task of improving American educa- and other political leaders but laughed at by
is very good indeed, and it is getting bet- tion. We should not wait for such external Western scientists, have recently been dis-
ter-for the purposes of communism." Edu- stimuli as the sputnik.. I fear that unless withdrawn.
cation in the Soviet Union is the major in- Amen ran education is infused with new credited
ist
In substance, and i however, the Ctrument of national policy. It commands fervor from within our own society, unless it is itself the most effective Communist
the vigorous support of all Soviet leaders- is stimulated by our own extensive research Party e in the Nation. most eft this is educational
fiLeninist, Stalinist, Khrushehevist, and post- and 1), r. experimentation in new methods, un- force ? We n. To cannot us, this a political
imagine. United States conceive i a sim-
Khrushchevist. less it is reinforced through a renewed love to fie the
with "A , point of honor and a patriotic duty of bota teaching and learning, and buttressed Mar rt role even. he sf nit es aeing permanent
with Soviet scientists," said' Nikita Khru- by a larger proportion of the national in- control of all bone party of our were Government.
shchey at the 22d meeting of the Commu- come--We may wake up to find ourselves out- source of power; it is itself the all-
his nist Party of the Soviet Union in 1982 (and wittec;' and outdistanced by the U.S.S.R. In the U.S S R., the Communist Party i s the
successors are pledged to the resolutions central saround the globe. powerful government;- it t is above all an
p e that meeting), e to establish h Soviet the rs ar
f
In : Integrated tem, the branches United States Soviet toe, citizen. Thus, inevitably, it is an from
all fields fore enc Toward d this world ti euipanet in any country; of and tooawthoorn
en fields of science." Soviet Union is ,d sci- - educ opportunity y-l the numbers of people system as well. As education has be-
the strides. mak- statistics rank among the shighest in the come the lifeblood of communism, the Com-
innI rapid and effective education t strides.
i chi
I have reported this before. So have oth- world : But it is precisely this record that mlionunist must be Party's total, support of its type of educa-
ers. After my first trip to the U.S.S.R., in the :Soviet Union is now challenging with part of the Ameri-
1955, I wrote and spoke at length about it. sensational success. The challenge, although Quite a different goal for education al-
As early as May 1956, I said in an address we dcsln't recognize it, was launched as far ways has been an Integral p
drea
m
- can
honored and promo edcas ducing sam. uremee individua s, not the psu-
ed of before the National kssociation of State Uni- back began t tlate 1920's when Soviet
versities in New York:
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