CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE

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• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300120019-6
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• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 32
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 4, 2003
• Sequence Number: 19
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CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD - SENATE
RECOMMENDATION No, 11 Natural gas; Probably one of the fastest
The Congress should, by suitable legisla- growing areas of energy source is natural
tion, restrain the REA from financing the gas, which is increasing at 5 percent per an-
construction of ateamplant power-generat- num. In 1962, a total of 13.9x 1018 cubic
ing facilities as supplements to hydroelectric feet were sold. In 1960, the breakdown was
projects in cases where the Congress itself has 6.5X 1012 industrial, 4.1X lO ? residential and
refused to appropriate funds specifically for commercial, and 1.8X 1012 field (i.e., losses,
such facilities. etc.).
12. Comparable rates: Consumers located In the year 1961, proven reserves (economi-
where they may buy power from Federal cally and technically recoverable) were
projects usually obtain it at a price well 275X 1012 cubic feet. Under present use rates,
below - its true cost of production. This is this is a 20-year supply but both use rates
unfair to power consumers who are not so and new finds are increasing so rapidly that
fortunately situated, yet who pay taxes to this figure does not have much meaning, as
-subsidize the power for others. This in.. is also true in the coal industry.
equity to taxpayers and to privately owned Petroleum: In 1962 the petroleum-use pic-
utilities is a consequence of several factors. ture was--gasoline, 1.6 X 109 barrels; distil-
First, Federal power projects are usually late, 74X107 barrels; residual, 5.6X107 bar-
tax exempt. Consumers of electricity sup- rels; kerosene 16 X 107 barrels (mostly jet
plied by investor-owned electric companies, fuel); other, 74X107 barrels, including
must bear through their electric bills a sig- losses, export, etc.
nificant tax burden. In most instances, this The total demand was 3.8 X 109 barrels,
amounts to about 23 to 25 percent , of the and the world supply was 8.8 X 109 barrels, so
cost of electricity, yet those who obtain their that U.S. use runs around 40 percent. Net
power from Federal projects, in most in- U.S. imports are around 70 X 107 barrels per
stances, do not have to pay such taxes. year or less than 8 percent of use.
Second, rates charged to consumers for The present U.S. proven reserves (under
power from most .Federal projects are in- present technology and price structure) are
tended by law to return interest on the un- 31.4 X 109 barrels.
amortized power investment at only 3 per- It is generally believed that large reserves
cent or less per year. Since it costs the Fed- of both oil and gas probably lie elsewhere
eral Government about 4 percent to borrow awaiting discovery on this continent and on
money of a comparable maturity, the result the coastal shelf.
1s a subsidy given a few power consumers at If an equitable relationship of imports to
the expense of many others. domestic production is maintained, these en-
The Comptroller General of the United ergy resources should remain adequate for
States, an agency of Congress, found that the the foreseeable future. The Eisenhower ad-
Missouri Basin. power projects, from their ministration worked out such a policy of
inception to the end of fiscal 1960, had lost balanced relationships in 1959.
a total of $51,778,000. The Southwestern RECOMMENDATION NO. 13
Power Administration and its appended
power projects, from its inception in 1944
through 1961, had lost $50,105,000. The
Columbia River Power System, on its power
operations, had lost $53,320,000 from 1958
through 1963._ The Southeastern Power Ad-
ministration, on its power operations from
1955 through 1960, had lost $20,400,000. The
sum of these losses was a gift to the users
of this power, paid for by taxes collected
from citizens in other areas.
Thus, the General Accounting Office has
found that major Federal power projects in
general do not charge rates sufficient to cover
the modest interest charges imposed on
them.
RECOMMENDATION NO, 12
July 1
The significance of power from fusion, if
it can be achieved, is (a) the fuel supply is
unlimited since it exists in all bodies of
water, and (b) the cost of power so pro-
duced would be a fraction of present power
costs. We understand that this line of re-
search in our own laboratories has been re-
duced both in priority and support. We
believe this to be shortsighted.
RECOMMENDATION NO. 14
We recommend a new review of the peace-
ful uses of atomic energy to determine the
areas in which research can be effectively
and increasingly supported and to restore
the sense of urgency which seems to have
yielded to the more glamorous and costly
demands of space exploration.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, this is
pursuant to my considered practice of
having introduced all of their reports
into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.
THE SITUATION IN VIETNAM
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, a
group of outstanding Republican leaders
in the other House has recently seen fit
to deliver themselves of a tirade on policy
in Vietnam. I am not surprised that the
partisan political knives should be drawn
on this issue. What amazes me is that
they have come out of the sheaths so
early. I can only conclude that they are
intended to be used in a preliminary rum-
ble in San Francisco as a warmup for
the political war later on.
a constant surveillance over primary sources I am not deploring discussion of the
of energy and revise its import or other regu- Vietnamese situation. It is a serious
lations whenever necessary to maintain ex- situation.. Any light which can be shed
ploration, adequate supplies, and equitable upon it by serious discussion in the
prices. House, in the Senate, or anywhere else,
14. Atomic energy: As previously noted, for that matter, .is to be welcomed.
the Eisenhower administration gave particu- But a statement which labels the effort
lar encouragement to the peaceful uses of
atomic energy, and notable successes were being made by thousands of Americans
achieved. The first nuclear reactor to pro- in South Vietnam, and at a cost of many
duce electrical energy for commercial use was American lives, a "why win" policy is not
initiated during the Eisenhower administra- serious discussion.
tion and built at Shippingport, Pa., with Any statement which classifies the
large contributions from private industry. complex problem of Vietnam, which has
The cost per kilowatt-hour of electrical confronted us through the Eisenhower
energy derived from the fission of ur
ni
,
a
um,
The rates charged to users of Federal which was estimated at 3 to 10 times the Kennedy, and the Johnson adminis-
power should be adjusted so that the users the cost of conventional power in 1954, had trations, as one peculiarly associated
of such power do not receive an unfair ad- been reduced by the ingenuity of American with the latter alone, is not serious dis-
vantage as opposed to those who do not re- scientists and engineers until at the end of cussion. -
ce
lve their power from federally subsidized the Eisenhower administration plants were Any statement which describes a policy ts. 13ecThe fossil energy under
pro
a construction whose with steam-generating was com- that has seen 16,000 American troops,
source materials: same areas h the Ngene g plants in the vast naval and air forces deployed in
Coal: In terms of tonnage, the coal in.. southeast Asian waters, and billions of
dustry is unique in that it has remained Thus, while no early exhaustion of fossil dollars spent in a region of limited uni-
relatively static for years. In 1962, the use fuels appears to threaten us, and while tech-
was as follows: industry 24 percent; coke nology is continually reducing the cost of lateral American interest, as a policy of
20 percent; electricity 48 percent; retail 8 electrical energy derived from fossil fuels, "pervasive softness," is not serious dis-
percent; remainder, ammonia and other the remarkable strides in the reduction of cussion.
special chemicals. Recent.U.S. production power costs from nuclear energy will stimu- Any statement which assumes that
of coal is 440 million tons per annum (1962), late a healthy competition to make elec- this Government can take operational
about one-seventh of the world production. tricity still cheaper for consumers. control of the forces of another nation
Coal and natural gas are almost perfectly An important research project in the area without assuming, at vast cost in lives
competitive for the cost of electricity produc- of nuclear power development is the theo- and resources, total responsibility for
tion, about 25 cents per million B.t.u,, aver- retical feasibility of producing electrical en-
aged over the United States (local factors ergy from the fusion of light elements such what happens in that nation-in short,
favor one over the other of course). Oil is as hydrogen and deuterium. This project, any statement which assumes that the
about one-third higher in cost. research upon which was meagerly supported purposes of freedom can be achieved in
Coal reserves are calculated on the assump- until 1953, was given the encouragement of an alien land with an army of for-
tion that 50 percent of the known quantities needed appropriations beginning in that eigners and some bargain-basement
in the ground are "recoverable," depending year. Very great progress has been made techniques of Command, is not serious
on technology and economic demand. On the since, but a breakthrough in technology is discussion.
basis of this 50 percent, the present reserves yet to be achieved. Both the British and
In the United States are 83 X 1010 tons. At Soviet Governmentsare now believed to Any statement which, in the manner
1962 rates, we are then mining 0.05 percent have come abreast of our former position of of Colonel Blimp, assumes, from a map,
per annum. In other words, at 10 times the leadership in this area of research. The that the mountains, sea, jungles, and
present rate of ues and with no new finds, British effort is said to exceed ours, whereas rivers-thousands of miles-of the exter-
we have a 200-year supply-i.e., no case can the Soviet effort is reported to be 200 percent nal South Vietnamese borders and of the
be made for an imminent shortage of coal. greater than ours,
borders of Vietcong-held areas within
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 15
1964
Sion and the Interior Department should be mation apply in a parallel way to the need in 1936, 89 percent of all farms were with-
in 1964,
out service
hydoelectric -situ tionr has completelylre ersed itself;t98
prompdinated. This subject should have the tion more the generation ofarea in
prompt attention of the Congress. energy percent of all American farms are electrified
the present Fed fo facing 50-year private idroelect as
RECOMMENDATION NO. 8 through central station service, and most of f r renewal: any existing proposals of the Revelle the remaining 2 percent could be so serv-
the present Fed
imcent nth r le rec plants rated by We end, s the more data iced readily. In this respect, we believe the
important hydroelectric plants operated Task Force, since e obtaining aini about
private industry are under 50-year licenses, water wiill apply to its usefulness in generat- REA has realized its purpose.
some of which will come tip for renewal by ing electrical energy. We believe the Federal In recent years, however, the REA has
1970. Private industry is in a dilemma con- system for obtaining hydrological data placed major emphasis on the building of
cerning further investments in the genera- should be materially expanded and the agen- transmission and generation Lion cilities and
a.
tion, transmission, and distribution facili- ties involved better coordinated. supplying el
ties, because of uncertainty over license re- 9. Coordination among Federal agencies: and outer suburbia. This was not the
neall. This uncertainty Is a deterrent to Under the Eisenhower administration, a sig- purpose of the Norris-Rayburn Act. Now
new industries which might locate in areas nificant step forward was taken in coordinat- that nearly all of the farm population has en su
plied where they could contribute to employment with the generating electrical rower, through the se the common xperiencerwith bureaucEA cie
and local prosperity. has sought ways of perpetuating and expand-
The No. a creation of PACWRP (see above)
The Congress should promptly establish a Under PACWRP, policy differences were ing itself. In the few years since the Eisen-
Federal policy on such license renewals, and greatly reduced, in marked contrast to the hower administration left office, borrowings fro
m the enera-
this policy ishould ndustry not discriminate against problem became nr ecessarytto tion andRtransmissioEA to set of f forricalgenergy
private industry over Government owner organize an ad hoc coordinating group for have greatly increased and the trend is
ship. the Missouri River Basin alone. The so- sharply upward.
7. Veto power on the dispatch of ols: called Pick-Sloan plan for the Missouri River If rural areas are lacking in generation
trical transmission lines on public lands: Basin was then developed and hailed as evi- and transmission facilities, they should by
Silks the Eisenhower administration left df- dente that Federal agencies could work to- all means have them, but we believe it un-
fice, the Interior Department has sought to gether and reconcile the views of two organi- wise to finance such facilities with Federal
establish control over the terms, conditions, nations with different objectives. In this in- funds where adequate and existing private
and uses of electrical power transmitted stance, one was concerned primarily with facilities already exist. Numerous examples
by lines across land owned by the Federal flood control and navigation, the other bear out this point; for instance, the
Government. The Federal Power Commission mainly with irrigation. There was not Patuxent area of Maryland and in southern
has taken issue with this position of the enough water in the Missouri basin to supply Indiana. In both cases, taxpayers' money
executive branch. We believe the Federal all needs, and bureaucratic compromise was unnecessary since private facilities were
PowerCommission is right in its contentions, could not alter that fact. Yet, the Pick- available. These recent policies of the REA
In the 17 Western States the supervision Sloan plan demonstrated a need which was are not the purposes of the law as expressed
of vast public lands by the Interior Depart- met in considerable degree in the Eisenhower by its original congressional sponsors,
ment results in virtual control over all as- administration, though nothing since has RECOMMENDATION No. 10
pects of long-distance transmission of elec- been done along this line. We recommend that the Congress by reso
trical energy. The extent of Federal own- RECOMMENDATION NO. 9 lution or the President by Executive order
Ized. The Western land Is fin eduenes not per- The President should insist upon coordina- establish a competent objective body to re-low cent 'The and ned the Federal the Gov- tion among executive agencies concerned view the original purposes and present activ-
ernment land owned by the Federal Gov- with generating and transmitting electrical ities of the REA. Farmers are entitled to
ernmen ent In five States: Percent energy. reasonably priced electrical power, but we do
Nevada -______ __- 85.16 I- The new emphasis in REA on trans- not believe that long-term money borrowed
--------_--- _ ___ 68.4 mission and generation facilities: The by the United States at about 4 percent and
OA ----------------------- Norris-Rayburn Act, establishing the Rural then reloaned through theREA at 2 percent
Oregon_____________-.---------------- 51.9 Electrification Administration (the REA), should be used to promote competition with
Waho_______________________________ 48.2 was approved by Congress in 1936, with the private citizens. Efficient private producers
Wyoming ____________.________________ announced purpose to bring the advantages have proven that they can provide electricity
Since the Interior Department adminis- of electricity to rural areas. A "rural area" at low cost to the consumer even against
ters the land, private companies, which may was defined as any portion of the Nation competition taking advantage of the arti-
wish to transmit power over any .large area which was not included within the bound- fically low interest rates of REA loans.
in the West, are in a position (under the aries of a city, village, or borough with a 11. New steam-generating plants of the
Interior Department's indicated policies) population of more than 1,500 persons. This REA bypassing Congress: As mentioned in
where they can operate only by submitting definition of area is now construed to cover item No. 10, the REA appears to have changed
to conditions imposed not by the Federal much of suburbia or outer suburbia. its emphasis from servicing farmers to the
Power Commission but by the Department of Senator George Norris, of Nebraska, author generation and transmission of electrical
the Interior. of the act, convinced the Congress that the energy for consumers not engaged In agri-
RECOMMENDATION NO. 7 law was needed to make electricity available culture. One aspect of this is certainly open
We recommend that the Federal Power to farms and at reasonable prices. The pri- to question. On repeated occasions, the Con-
Commission, free of dictation by the In- vate power industry had naturally concen- gress has refused to appropriate funds for
trated where the need per capita was greatest steam-generating plants as supplements to
trans iss on of power with the c and and where the demand would make the fl- Federal hydroelectric power projects because
States. The of power a the public-land nancing of facilities feasible. private facilities were available. The Con-
have veto Thwer In Department matters. should not It is amazing to realize that only four dec- gress was obviously unmindful of the fact
have e lack o of adequate fuhattr hydrological stud- ades before the enactment of the Norris- that hydroelectric power is often sporadic,
8. The Rayburn Act virtually all of the United depending upon rainfall, and that therefore
lee: It has now been more than a decade since states was lighted and fueled by coal, gas, hydroelectric power usually needs to be
the first Hoover Commission strongly rec-
ommended kerosene, and the like. The private elec- supplemented with standby steam-generated
plemeed on on that more Federal emphasis l asis data b trical generating industry rose during the power. The questionable point is that REA
platted S tat better hydrological Eisenhower wdfirst three decades of the 20th century from loans have been made apparently to build
Add-- insignificant beginnings into the most im- steamplants for which the Congress had re-
ministration, n st United States.
through the President's The ad-
visory funds. Here are examples:
vsory Committee on Water Resources Policy portant industry in the United States. fused d to to grant ere ar a Cooperative: The
(PACWRP), made strides in this direction. Like all of our dynamic fields, the elec- REA provided $rado- ,te oward financing a
Since 1961, this effort has received inade- trical power industry had severe "growing REA p -kilded $21t 02,000 tno to firm up ng a
Colorado River storage up pow-
quate encouragement. pains." It did not have enough trained 15 1from 50,000 -kilowatt
The The recent, outstanding study of the Task people to service the entire United States; 98the Colorado Electric Power ge project.
. 1 1B Cooperative:
Force on Coordinated Water Resources Re- and high population density areas were 2
was was most made der of build
the a 200,-
search of the Federal Council for Science and stressed. Private industry serviced major A - $36,600,000 steamplant, loan
Technology has made a valuable contribution rural areas where the load was adequate, from which will be disposed of t firm power
to the Nation in this respect, but the recom- such as central New York State, with its fvlissouri Basin power.
mendations of the study have not been im- power requirements for dairying, and Cali-
plemented. The task force, under its dis- fornia, with its irrigation pumping needs. 3. 1983-Upshur Rural Electric Coopera-
tinguished Chairman, Dr. Roger Revelle of But, the general farming area was not so tive: A REA loan of $9,170,000 was made to
the University of California, was concerned served in 1936 when the REA was created. build a 33,000-kilowatt steamplant and
with water primarily for its use by human Senator Norris correctly pointed -out that this transmission lines. The Southwestern Power
lines. the power and
and industrial consumers. However, the rec- was because adequate loads did not exist Authority
the transmission will buy most
ommendations for better hydrological infor- in most rural areas.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 15143
that nation can be sealed off, not with
tens of thousands, if not hundreds of
thousands of U.S. forces, but with a
wave of a statement, is not serious
discussion.
Fortunately, Mr. President, there are
Republicans who understand the situa-
tion in Vietnam from a firsthand ex-
perience 'with it. I refer particularly
to our recent Ambassador in Saigon, Mr.
Henry Cabot Lodge. He knows the
meaning of what we are attempting in
Vietnam and in southeast Asia. He
knows the realities of the situation which
confronts us. He knows the . course of
policy which offers the best hope of suc-
cess. We shall not hear from him any
comment about "why win" or "pervasive
softness." Here is what we shall hear
from him-and I quote from Associated
Press dispatch No. 52, on June 30, 1964:
In Vietnam the_ aim of the struggle is to
create a proper political atmosphere. That's
how 'you beat the Communists there. The
minute you've created a proper political at-
mosphere the war is over. That's why I was
encouraged by the report I received just
before I left Saigon that people are no
longer feeding the Communists. I don't see
the need for more troops in Vietnam. I
think our policy there of relying on the
Vietnamese to win with our help is the right
policy.
Mr. President, the statement of the
House Members to which reference has
been made is not an invitation to serious
discussion. It obscures the real ques-
tions with respect to Vietnam which con-
front the people of the United States.
These questions do need, and should
have, discussion. We do need- public
clarity on rational objectives of policy,
not only for Vietnam, but also for all of
southeast Asia. We do need public dis-
cussion of the means for achieving these
objectives-of the military and the dip-
lomatic channels which may be open or
can be opened for dealing with the prob-
lems of that region which involve not
only the United States, but, first and
foremost, the people of the region itself,
and, in. a larger sense, the Chinese, the
Russians, the Australians, the British,
the French-indeed, in an ultimate
sense, all of the people of the world.
That sort of discussion would be help-,
ful to any President, Repub:ican or Dem-
ocrat, in this serious situation, as he
strives, for all of us, to pursue a course
which will safeguard our national inter-
ests, bring about peace, and preserve the
opportunities for freedom in southeast
Asia, at the lowest possible cost in Amer-
scan lives.
That is what President Johnson is at-
tempting. Can any President attempt
less? Can any President do more?
Mr. President, the Republican task
force also made a statement about the
weakness of the Nation's military posi-
tion. I ask unanimous consent to have
printed at this point in the RECORD a
news release by the Secretary of Defense,
Robert S. McNamara, dated June 29,
1964, in reply, to that segment of the
statement, and, also a portion of the
remarks made by the President of the
United States at, the Coast Guard Acad-
emy, at New London, Conn., on June 3,
1964.
There being no objection, the news re-
lease and the excerpt from the Presi-
dent's remarks , were ordered to be
printed in the RECORD, as follows:
(News release, Office of Assistant Secretary of
Defense (Public, Affairs), Washington,
D.C., June 29, 19641
Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara
today issued the following statement:
"I read with regret the partisan attack on
our Nation's military program contained
in the report of the Republican policy com-
mittee's task force on American strategy and
strength.
"The national defense has always been a
bipartisan activity of the U.S. Government.
To date Republicans as well as Democrats
have supported the national defense pro-
gram of the Kennedy-Johnson administra-
tion. Such support was given to our very
first actions in 1961, which were to submit
supplemental budget requests that increased
the defense budget of this country by $8 bil-
lion for fiscal year 1962. From the begin-
ning of this administration through our cur-
rent request for fiscal 1965. there has been
an increase of $28 billion over the level of
spending that prevailed during the last year
of the previous administration. These much
needed increases have received bipartisan
support throughout the country as a whole
as well as in the Congress.
"As a result of these increases, the nation-
al security of this country has been greatly
enhanced. Since January of 1961, there has
been-
"A 150-percent increase in the number of
nuclear weapons available in the strategic
alert forces.
"A 50-percent increase In our strategic
bombers on alert.
"A 60-percent increase in the tactical nu-
clear force in Western Europe.
"A 45-percent increase in the number of
combat-ready divisions.
"A 75-percent increase in airlift capability.
"A 100-percent increase in funds for gen-
eral ship construction and conversion to
modernize our fleet.
"A 175-percent increase in the procurement
of airlift aircraft.
"A 100-percent increase in the procurement
of tactical aircraft,
"A 44-percent increase in the number of
tactical fighter squadrons.
"An 800-percent increase in the Depart-
ment of Defense Special Forces trained to deal
with counterinsurgency threats.
"A 15,000-man Increase in the strength of
the Marine Corps.
"Since 1960, the intercontinental ballistics
missiles and Polaris missiles in our arsenal
have been Increased from less than 100 to
over 1,000 and the number of Polaris sub-
marines in commission from 2 to 21.
"Today the intercontinental ballistic
missile force of the United States is more
than four times that of the Soviet Union.
"As for the future, our research and de-
velopment program has laid the foundation
for a continuing increase in our military
strength. Since 1961, there has been-
"A 50-percent increase per year in the total
funds expended on research and. development
over that prevailing during the last 4 years
of the previous administration.
"An addition of 208 major new ' projects:
These include 77 weapons programs with
costs exceeding $10 million each, including
such major ones as the medium range bal-
listic missile, the F-111 fighter-bomber and
the new main battle tank. if
"An increase in expenditures for the de-
velopment of counterinsurgency weapons
and equipment from less than $10 million in
1960 to over $103 million requested for fiscal
year 1965.
"A 54-percent increase in our antisubma-
rine" warfare research and development pro-
gram in our fiscal 1965 budget request over
1961.
"This tremendous increase in strength
could not have, Oven accomplished without
the closest cooperation between military and
civilian leaders. As Gen. Lyman L. Lem-
nitzer said when he was Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff: 'I am in constant touch
with the Secretary, and through me, or in
direct consultation with the Chiefs them-
selves, he obtains the views of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff,' and 'I would like to reiterate
it here, there is the closest possible working
relationship between the civilian officials in
the Defense Department and the Joint Chiefs
of . Staff:
"Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, who succeeded
General Lemnitzer as Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, reaffirmed the existence of
this intimate working relationship between
the military and civilian leadership in the
Pentagon in February of this year. And in
June of 1963, General Taylor said, 'the voice
of the American soldier is entitled to a serious
hearing in our national councils-and I am
happy to report that he today receives that
hearing.'
"I am confident that there will continue
to be the closest of working relationships be-
tween the military and civilian leaders of
the Pentagon."
REMARKS OF THE PRESIDENT AT THE COAST
GUARD ACADEMY, NEW LONDON, CONN.
We, as well as our adversaries, must stand
in awe before the power our craft has created
and our wisdom must labor to control. In
every area of national strength America to-
day is stronger than it has ever been before.
It is stronger than any adversary or com-
bination of adversaries. It is stronger than
the combined might of all the nations in the
history of the world.
And I confidently predict that strength
will continue to grow more rapidly than the
might of all others.
The first area of this increasing strength
is our ability to deter atomic destruction.
In the past 3 years we have increased our
nuclear power on alert 2i/2 times, and our
nuclear superiority will continue to grow un-
til we reach agreement on arms control.
We have more than 1,000 fully armed
ICBM's and Polaris missiles ready for re-
taliation. The Soviet Union has far fewer,
and none ready to be launched beneath the
seas. We have more than 1,100 strategic
bombers, many of which are equipped with
air-to-surface and decoy missiles to help
them reach almost any target. The Soviet
Union, we estimate, could with difficulty send
less than one-third of this number over tar-
gets iii the United States.
Against such force the combined destruc-
tive power of every battle ever fought by man
is like a firecracker thrown against the sun.
The second area of increasing strength is
our ability to fight less than all-out war. In
the past 3 years we have raised the number
of combat ready divisions 45 percent. They
can be moved swiftly around the world by an
airlift capacity which has increased 75 per-
cent. Supporting tactical aircraft have been
increased over 30 percent, and the number
of tactical nuclear warheads in Europe has
been raised 60 percent. We, and our NATO
allies, now have 5 million men under arms.
In addition we are now ready to mobilize
large reserves in the event of conflict. Six
divisions, with all supporting units, can be
moved into action in a few weeks.
And we are continuing to build our forces.
In a few years our airlift capacity will be
five times what It was in 1961. Advanced
weapons and equipment are flowing to our
armies. Our fleet is being modernized
through a decade-long shipbuilding pro-
gram. And new tactical aircraft are being
built.
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15144 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Jul f
A third area of increasing strength is the
struggle against subversion. Our adver-
saries, convinced that direct attack would be
aimless, today resort to terror, subversion
and guerrilla warfare. To meet this threat
we began a large effort to train special forces
to fight internal subversion.' Since Janu-
ary 1961 we have increased these specialized
forces eight times. We have trained more
than 100,000 officers in these techniques. We
have given special emphasis to this form of
warfare in the training of all military units.
Our Army now has six Special Action
Forces on call around the world to assist
our friendly nations. They are skilled in the
languages and problems of the area in which
they are stationed. The Navy and Air Force
have several thousand men whose abilities,
training, equipment and mission are de-
signed to combat clandestine attack. And
behind these groups are five brigade-size
backup forces ready to move into instant
action.
But just as subversion has many laces, our
responses must take many forms. We have
worked to increase and integrate all the re-
sources, political and social as well as mili-
tary and economic, needed to meet a threat
which tears at the entire fabric of a society.
But success in fighting subversion ulti-
mately rests on the skill of the soldiers of
the threatened country. We now have 344
teams at work in 49. countries to train the
local military in the most advanced tech-
niques3of internal defense.
Subversive warfare is often difficult, dirty,
and deadly. Victory comes only to those with
the desire to protect their own freedom. But
such conflict requires weapons as well as
will, ability as well as aspiration. And we
will continue to increase this strength until
our adversaries are convinced that this course
too will not lead to conquest.
The fourth area of increasing strength is
In the development of new weapons for de-
terrence and defense. In the past several
years we have begun many Important new
weapons systems. Minuteman II will have
twice the accuracy of the first Minuteman.
The new mike X, when its development is
completed, will give ifs the option to de-
ploy, if national security requires it, the
best antiballistics missile available to any
nation. We are developing a new aircraft,
the F-III, with much greater range, pay-
load, and ability at air combat than present
tactical bombers or fighters.
The Lance missile, the EX--10 torpedo, the
A-7A attack aircraft, a new main battle tank,
new antitank missile systems, are the emerg-
Ing products of development that we are car-
rying on. And that effort is without parallel
in all the world. We will continue to carry
forward new projects which offer hope of add-
ing substantially to our strength. I can
assure the American people that the United
States is, and will remain, first in the use
of science and technology for the protection
of the people.
DEPLORABLE FINANCIAL STATUS
OF CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, WASH-
INGTON, D.C.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I offer for
the RECORD a brief statement describing
the deplorable financial condition in
which the Children's Hospital of Wash-
ington, D.C., finds itself as a result of
inadequate funds being made available to
it, both through charity and through
public sources.
The story is relatively complicated,
but I have prepared a chronology as of
Friday, June 26, which I ask unanimous
consent to have printed at this point in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows: y~
MEMORANDUM RE FINANCIAL CONDITSON OF
CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL: CHRONOLOGY AS OF
FRIDAY, JUNE 28
1. The Senate added $110,000 to the de-
ficiency appropriation for the District of
Columbia for fiscal 1964 for reimbursement
increases to Children's Ho; pital for care of
indigents.
2. The House knocked this out in confer-
ence, and the conference reports were ap-
proved in both Houses. (See Washington
Post story of June 4.) But the statement
of the managers on the part of the House
said: "Deletes the proposal of the Senate to
increase the rates paid to Children's Hos-
pital. The managers on the part of the House
feel this matter should be the subject of
consideration in connection with the regular
District of Columbia appropriation bill for
1965."
3. In an excellent editorial, the Washing-
ton Post on June 15 called upon the Commis-
sioners, the administration, and Congress to
save the Children's Hospital.
4. Thereafter, on June 17, President John-
son sent a message to the Congress contain-
ing an amendment adding $160,000 to the
District of Columbia appropriation request
for fiscal 1965 to increase reimbursement
rates'to Children's Hospital for care of in-
digents. (See text of message, and Wash-
ington Post story of June 18.)
5. This money is desperately needed, and
it is crucial that the Appropriations Com-
mittee act promptly to meet the request.
But the $160,000 is only part of the story
and will not solve the problems of the Chil-
dren's Hospital created by its service without
charge to indigent children in the com-
munity.
What is needed is to redefine the term
"lndlgency" so that the hospital can be re-
imbursed for caring for those who are in
fact unable to pay, although they do not
meet the present legal criteria of "indigency."
(See the excellent Washington Post edi-
torial of June 19.)
8. The true plight of Children's Hospital
is hard to appreciate for anyone who is not
closely familiar with the situation. A real
insight is supplied by President Kauffmann's
snemnorandum, which is attached.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent also to have the fol-
lowing items printed at this point in the
RECORD :
First. A news story from the Wash-
ington Post of June 14, 1964, entitled
"Hill Conferees Reject Plea for Aid to
Deficit-Hit Children's Hospital."
Second. An editorial, also from the
Washington Post of June 15, entitled
"Unpaid Bills,"
Third. A communication from the
President of the United States, trans-
rnitting an amendment to the budget
for, the District of Columbia.
Fourth. A news story from the Wash-
ington Post of June 18, entitled "L.B.J.
Seeks Funds for Children's."
Fifth. An editorial under date of
June 19, published in the Washington
Post, entitled "To the Rescue."
Sixth. A copy, of a"proposed draft of
a special report to the board of directors
on the state of the Children's Hospital.
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post,
June 14, 19641
HILL CONFEREES REJECT PLEA FOR AID TO
DEFICIT-HIT CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
(By Dorothy Gilliam)
House-Senate conferees rejected a bid for
help to financially ailing Children's Hospital
yesterday despite pleas from House Speaker
Joins W. MCCoaaACK, Democrat, of Massa-
chusetts.
Their action dashed hopes for relief for
the hospital during the current fiscal year.
It was understood that House conferees
argued during the closed meeting that addi-
tional money for the hospital would consti-
tute payment of a subsidy to a private insti-
tution and might create a precedent for
other District hospitals.
Senator JOHN O. PASTORE, Democrat, of
Rhode Island, reportedly made a strong plea
for the $110,000 request-part of the $1.4
billion deficiency bill approved earlier by the
Senate-which would have permitted the
city to increase payments to the hospital for
the care of needy children.
The House-Senate conference referred the
matter to the District Appropriations sub-
committees of both Houses for action in the
city's budget for the fiscal year beginning
July 1.
The House earlier denied the Commission-
ers' $110,000 request, but the Senate approved
funds to help in the hospital's financial
emergency. Rejection by the House-Senate
conference came as a surprise because of
House Speaker MCCORMACK's endorsement
earlier this week.
The hospital has a current operating defi-
cit of $476,000. The hospital board has au-
thorized an emergency fund raising cam-
paign to keep the institution open. Dr.
Robert Parrott, hospital director, yesterday
expressed "surprise and disappointment"
over the conference action and said the
board would now have to "examine very
closely" what the hospital can do for needy
children over the summer.
"I would hope that the Appropriation Com-
mittees of Congress," he said, "will examine
the entire situation and take action in the
upcoming fiscal year to allow the District
government to assume a fuller part of its
responsibility for the care of District
youngsters."
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post, June 15,
1984]
THE UNPAID BILLS
Under the lash of hard necessity, the Dis-
trict Commissioners are at last considering
the simplest and most obvious solution to the
impending disaster at Children's Hospital.
The city must reform the crabbed and per-
verse rules that govern a child's eligibility
for medical aid.
Children's Hospital loses about $300,000 a
year in the unpaid bills of children who are
indigent by every definition but the Health
Department's. Unlike the city's own clinics,
the hospital cares for sick children regard-
less of their eligibility for medical aid. The
hospital's deficit is currently running above
half a million dollars a year, and within a few
months the hospital will be as destituteas
the least prosperous of its patients.
Out of over 100 children whom the hospital
admits as indigents, the Health Department
considers only about 50 to be eligible for
public medical aid. The hospital cares for
the others, certainly, but the whole cost of
that care is borne by the hospital itself.
Thirty out of every hundred indigent pa-
tients are ineligible because the Depart-
ment's family unit rule creates a void of
responsibility. Under the law, a child's par-
ents are responsible for the hospital bill.
Under the family unit rule, any relative liv-
ing in the same house is responsible. In a
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Commissioner of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service, U.S. Department
of Justice, was recently honored by the
New Jersey State Bar Association, and
was selected as the recipient of the 1964
Amerigo 'Vespucci Award for "distin-
guished community service by Ameri-
cans of Italian descent."
I have known and worked with Mr.
Noto for several years. He is an out-
standing and dedicated public servant,
and I am proud to add my congratula-
tions to the many he has already re-
ceived for his fine record of public serv-
ice.
I'ask unanimous consent that the text
of the resolution by the New Jersey State
Bar Association, honoring Mr. Note, be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
RESOLUTION OF THE NEW JERSEY STATE
BAR ASSOCIATION
Whereas the section on immigration and
nationality law of the New Jersey State Bar
Association, has a specific interest in the
operation and procedures of immigration and
nationality law; and
Whereas the members of this section have
appeared before county bar associations'
meetings as well as before patriotic and civic
grdups to discuss various phases of the law;
and
Whereas the membership of this section
participates actively in furthering the un-
derstanding of the immigration and na-
tionality law among leading organizations
in this State; and
Whereas the Honorable Mario T. Note, As-
sociate Commissioner, Immigration and Nat-
uralization Service, U.S. Department of Jus-
tice, has been invited to receive the 1964
Amerigo Vespucci Award for "Distinguished
Community Service by Americans of Italian
Descent"; and
Whereas this section regards this merited
award with high favor in recognition of the
dedicated public and community services
rendered by the Honorable Mario T. Noto:
Therefore be it
Resolved, That the section on immigration
and nationality law of the New Jersey State
Bar Association extends to Associate Com-
missioner Mario T. Note, its congratulations
and best wishes for continued success in all
his endeavors.
Done at the city of Newark on the 27th
day of April 1964
AMERIGO D'AGOSTINO, Chairman.
1. ARTHUR LEVY, Secretary..
VIETNAM
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, ' I ask
unanimous consent that there be printed
at this point in the RECORD a column ap-
pearing in tonight's Evening Star by Max
Freedman, entitled "Three Senators
Agree on Vietnam."
There being no objection, the column
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Evening Star, Washington, D.C.,
quly 1, 19641
THREE SENATORS AGREE ON VIETNAM-FUL-
BRIGHT, HUMPHREY, CHURCH BELIEVE U.N.
SHOULD DEFER ANY INTERVENTION
(By 'Max Freedman)
In the Senate the other day Senator
CHURCH started a debate that soon spread to
a discussion of the United Nations and the
war in Vietnam. He did not intend to, pro-
voke such a discussion; he really wanted to
speak up in support of the United Nations
and to protect it from attack by people like
Senator GOLDWATER. But the mere mention
of Vietnam was enough to stir is lively debate.
The first point to be noted about this
discussion was that only Democrats took part
in it. Senator GOLDWATER has tried to break
the Republican Party into organized opposi-
tion to the way the Johnson administration,
has been behaving in Vietnam; but thus far
his success has been negligible. The Repub-
licans cannot shake out of their minds the
warning by Ambassador Lodge that America's
involvement in Vietnam dates back to the
Eisenhower administration and since then
has been supported by both parties. It is
utterly unconvincing for Senator GOLDWATER
to pretend now that he or any other Re-
publican has a solution which is being will-
fully ignored by the folly of Washington.
As the debate showed, most Senators are
not concerned with the morbid review of
wrong turnings and past mistakes. They are
more eager to prevent a bigger and more
ruthless war, and nowhere is this anxiety
stronger than in the Democratic Party.
That was the theme common to Senators
CHURCH, FULBRIGHT, HUMPHREY, PELL, PROX-
MIRE, and MORSE. An exception, however,
must be made of Senator MORSE. He has ad-
vanced the grave charge that the American
program in Vietnam "violates one interna-
tional commitment after another." He com-
mands no support for this view which is a
libel on America advertised with all the
authority that belongs to a senior Senator.
Regardless of what else may have gone
wrong, it is perverse and mischievous to
regard the United States as the bandit na-
tion in Vietnam. Senator MORSE should drop
this argument before it sinks him incurably
in the respect of the American people.
It is more useful to concentrate on Senator
FULBRIGHT and Senator HUMPHREY. In Sen-
ator FULBRIGIIT'S judgment, the essential
task now is to stabilize the military situa-
tion as the prelude to any political Initia-
tives that may yet be taken. At present he
sees no great role for the United Nations
in putting an end to the struggle. But he
does not exclude a possibility later. "If
conditions should arise," Senator FULBRIGHT
told the Senate, "in which it would be feasi-
ble for the United Nations to take over and
maintain order, I would be in favor of that."
Senator HUMPHREY, trying to put at rest
all fears of a larger war, said "I do not favor
accelerating the war. I believe I can say
this Government does not." He agreed with
Senator FULBRIGHT that one day the influ-
ence of the United Nations might well be
both timely and constructive.
Quite plainly Senator CHURCH had im-
pressed his colleagues by his warning against
any new policy that would commit the United
States to military attacks on Vietnam and
military decisions that might also provoke
a clash with China. No one dissented from
his warning that we must ponder our next
steps very carefully "if we are to avoid a
tragic trail of casualties in Asia out of all
proportion to the vital interests of the United
States."
Some weeks ago great interest was taken
in the announcement that Harlan Cleveland,
who is in charge of United Nations affairs
for the State Department, would attend the
Honolulu Conference to review the problems
of Vietnam and southeast Asia. It was gen-
erally felt that his presence' in Honolulu
would focus attention on what the United
Nations could do to end the danger of a
spreading war.
As it turned out Mr. Cleveland was unable
to leave Washington because sudden anxieties
over Cyprus kept him here. But that does
not mean that he and his officials are avoid-
ing the close and continuous study of what
the United Nations can do, at the right
time, to promote stability and peace in this
whole restless area.
Mr. MORSE. I shall proceed to
answer that column by Mr. Freedman in
respect to its references to the senior
Senator from Oregon. In the course of
the column Mr. Freedman says:
As the debate showed, most Senators are
not concerned with the morbid review of
wrong turnings and past mistakes. They
are more eager to prevent a bigger and more
ruthless war, and nowhere is this anxiety
stronger than in the Democratic Party.
That was the theme common to Senators
CHURCH, FULBRIGHT, HUMPHREY, PELL,
PROXMIRE and MORSE. An exception, how-
ever, must be made of Senator MORSE. He
has advanced the grave charge that the
American program in Vietnam "violates one
international commitment after another."
He commands no support for this view
which is a libel on America advertised with
all the authority that belongs to a senior
Senator. Regardless of what else may have
gone wrong, it is perverse and mischievous
to regard the United States as the bandit
nation in Vietnam. Senator MORSE should
drop this argument before it sinks him in-
curably in the respect of the American
people.
Mr. President, Mr. Freedman should
get out to the- hustings. Mr. Freedman
should acquaint himself with American
public opinion. For the benefit of Mr.
Freedman, I incorporate by reference
now every criticism that I have made of
American foreign policy in southeast
Asia, including the criticism to which
he takes exception.
In his column today in the Washing-
ton Star Max Freedman undoes all the
sound commentary he offered the Ameri-
can people last week when he warned:
Not even in his worst moments was John
Foster Dulles ever guilty of such a crude and
reckless act of brinkmanship as the one in
which the Johnson administration has now
stumbled.
Of course, he published that column in
the Washington Evening Star, which
contained the editorial paying its dis-
respect to' the senior Senator from
Oregon. I answered it some days ago on
the floor of the Senate. In my-reply to
the editor of the Washington Star, I
said that he should have read the column
by Max Freedman published in the same
issue that contained its editorial attack-
ing the senior Senator from Oregon.
It is interesting to note this complete
change of journalistic coloring on the
part of Mr. Freedman in so short a time.
I wonder why. Could it be that his
editors did not like the fact that in that
column he took the position of the sen-
ior Senator from Oregon? As I pointed
out, in that column Freedman laid down
the major thesis of the criticism by the
senior Senator from Oregon of shocking
American policy in southeast Asia
which, I repeat, in all probability, if it is
not reversed, will lead us, into a major
war in Asia.
Today Mr. Freedman sounds fright-
ened of his own analysis of our foreign
policy in South Vietnam, which he pub-
lished only a few days ago. On June
25 he pointed out that the threat of war
made by administration officials against
China "is more likely to divide and worry
American opinion than it is to frighten
Peiping or to serve the cause of peace."
But that is the only logical end to a
policy we are now following in southeast
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15240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 1
Asia. Our policy of military buildup and
overwhelming economic aid to South
Vietnam has failed to halt rebels suc-
cesses. The next step was to threaten
expansion of the war if the Communists
did not voluntarily retreat.
The Government of the United States
is threatening war in Asia, Let those
who believe it is not stand up and deny
it, for we cannot read the statements of
this Government, from the President on
down, and fail to recognize that those
statements add up to a threat to war
prosecuted by the United States in Asia
unless Red China, Laos, North Vietnam
and other areas do the bidding of the
United States.
Having made the threat, we will have
no choice but make good on it when the
Communists decline to retreat. This en-
tire policy depends upon Ho Chi Minh
and Mao Tse-tung backing down before
a threat that if they do not, their terri-
tory will be attacked by the United
States.
One may as well expect the United
States to leave Vietnam upon threat of
dire consequences if we do not.
Mr. Freedman is also frightened of
the concept that the United States is
itself violating international agreements
in southeast Asia. And we are. He does
not deny that we are. He does not try
to show that our actions are in conform-
ity with the Geneva accords of 1954, or
1962, or with the United Nations
Charter, because that is impossible. He
merely puts a nasty label on anyone who
does point out the bitter truth of the
U.S. illegal action in southeast Asia-
illegal -action in southeast Asia that vi-
olates the United Nations Charter in
articles 33, 36, 37, and 51-to mention
only four specific instances of our vi-
olation.
Let Mr. Freedman or anyone else deny
it. They cannot deny it if they can read
the English language. The language is
perfactly clear as to the obligation of
any signatory to that Charter and the
course of procedural action that should
follow whenever peace is threatened
anywhere in the world. Peace is seri-
ously threatened in southeast Asia, and
the responsibility of the United States
is clear. We should take the threat to
the United Nations, and not set our-
selves up as the policeman of the world,
self-appointed, to enforce our interpre-
tation of existing treaties such as the
Geneva accords.
Mr. Freedman may as well try to
prove that the United States has the
legal right to enforce a treaty between
Russia and China as to prove that we
have a unilateral right to enforce the
Geneva accords of 1954, when we are
not a party to them.
Who are we to set ourselves up as the
enforcement country of the Geneva-ac-
cords of 1954 when we did not even sign
the accords, and when John Foster
Dulles used his influence to prevent
South Vietnam from signing them?
When we recognize that a violation of
a treaty is threatening the peace of the
world, this country has a clear duty to
file charges before the United Nations.
That the United States has not done. I
wonder why. I wonder if it might be
that if the United Nations took jurisdic-
tion it would find plenty of illegality on
the part of the conduct of the United
States to date in the course of action it
has been following in southeast Asia?
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. MORSE. I yield to the Senator
from Alaska.
Mr GRUENING. I will confess I was
also surprised at the abrupt about-face
change in the attitude of Mr. Freedman
from his previous article, in which he
supported the view that the senior Sen-
ator from Oregon and I have been ad-
vocating, that we should stop our par-
ticipation in the war in southeast Asia
and try to wage peace; that it was a war
we could not win militarily; that it was
a war in which we should not have en-
gaged in the first place; and that we
should go to the United Nations and
try to find a solution there.
Mr. Freedman published a column
earlier, which either the senior Senator
from Oregon or I put in the RECORD, to
that effect. I am interested in the sud-
den change, What happened in between
the publication of the two articles?
Mr. MORSE. We have our suspicions.
Mr. GRUENING. I can think of vari-
ous explanations.
Mr. MORSE. But they would not re-
dound to the credit of Mr. Freedman.
Mr. GRUENING. I do not know that
I can comment on that; but, in any
event, I think it is a regrettable change
of attitude and an inconsistency that it
would be useful for the columnist to ex-
plain to his readers.
Mr. MORSE. For the edification of
Mr. Freedman, I repeat again that the
United States is violating one interna-
tional agreement after another by our
policy in southeast Asia. We have al-
ready violated the 1954 Geneva agree-
ment, and have been found in violation
by the International Control Commis-
sion. We have admitted to violations of
the Geneva accords of 1962, with the
excuse that some one else violated them
first.
This country has even sent into Laos
armed military planes that have dropped
bombs, which constitutes an act of war
and aggression. It is a clear violation of
the Geneva accord of 1962, which this
country signed, and which I believe
thereby constitutes an even more serious
reflection on the United States. We
have freely admitted to these violations,
pointing out only that North Vietnam
violated them first.
Our violations of the United Nations
Charter, as I have pointed out time and
time again in the past several weeks,
have been many, and they are continuing
up to the moment I speak.
The very assumption of Freedman and
those he quotes that someday, sometime,
somehow, and under some other cir-
cumstances, the United States will seek Mr. President, whoever fights a war
United Nations action is evidence that all 'without taking the matter to the United
of them know the issue is one of U.N.
jurisdiction.
What they are all saying is only that
they do not think that to adhere to the
U.N. Charter now would serve American
interests.
Are we to take the position that this
country is being a peace-abiding nation;
that we are going to resort to its obliga-
tions under treaties and international
law only when we think to do so would
serve our interests? If every country
takes that position, that is the end of in-
ternational law. International law then
ceases to be of any force or effect in
maintaining peace in the world, and be-
comes nothing but a sham and a shib-
boleth.
But when, under that type of interna-
tional expediency, would this country
ever take such a matter to the United
Nations? Would we do it when war has
engulfed North Vietnam? Do we think
that when China is faced with the same
situation she was faced with in Korea
she will do what we have refused to do,
and take the issue to the United Nations?
If we set such an example, we set the
precedent for other nations to defy their
obligations under international law.
Do we think that Red China will be
willing to go to the U.N. or to the bargain-
ing table when the war goes against her,
although we refused to do so under the
same circumstances?
What a folly! What a poor, lame,
pathetic excuse for a war in Asia! "Now
is not the time to negotiate; wait until
we dominate the battlefield and then we
will negotiate." If countries follow that
course of action, there will be no sense in
talking about resorting to the rule of law
for settlement of issues that threaten the
peace of the world. We shall then prove
that our objective is to return to the
jungle law of American military might.
I can see the United States going to the
United Nations or the conference table
had Russia come to dominate the Carib-
bean in 1962.
Mr. President, if we are going to take
the position that the time to negotiate
does not exist until we dominate the
battlefield, then when we dominate the
battlefield of southeast Asia, Red China
will throw all she has into southeast
Asia.
Remember this about our policy in
Asia: A nation does not have to commit
the first violation in order to be in vio-
lation of the Geneva accords. And it
does not have to commit aggression in
order to be in violation of the United
Nations Charter; and all the journalistic
squirming and weaseling by the Freed-
mans cannot change that ugly fact and
that sad indictment against the United
States.
We have violated these accords and
the United Nations Charter time and
time again. We are pursuing neither law
nor peace in Asia. We are not even pur-
suing freedom. We are maintaining a
military, tyrannical dictatorship over the
South Vietnamese, headed by an Ameri-
can puppet to whom we give the orders,
Nations, is in violation of the charter,
whether that party started the war or
not.
The United States cannot hide itself
behind the alibi that we are not the only
ones who are violating the Geneva ac-
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1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 15241
cords and the United Nations Charter.
Of course we are not. The Communists
in Asia are violating international law,
too; but since when can the United States
justify an act of illegality because some-
one else is committing an act of illegal-
ity? The fact that North Vietnam and
the Communists in Laos and Red China
are also threatening the peace in Asia
does not justify our walking out on our
international obligations. To the con-
trary, it makes it more important that
we lay the charges before the United
Nations, or go to a 14-nation Conference,
or seek to get SEATO to come in and
exercise peacekeeping policies until the
United Nations can take over jurisdic-
tion.
That has been the thesis of the Sena-
tor from Oregon for weeks. It will con-
tinue to be my thesis so long as my coun-
try follows its course of outlawry in
southeast Asia. "Outlawry," I remind
Max Freedman, means outside the law,
and our policy in Asia today is outside
the law.
Mr. Freedman's column today some-
how carries all the overtones and pathos
of the diplomats and generals who led
their countries into World War I. It
was always going to be the other side
that was going to back down in the face
of a magnificent navy or army or mili-
tary machine, and any treaty that was
inconvenient to national interests became
"just a scrap of paper."
I never thought the time would come
when my country would treat existing
treaties as scraps of paper. My country's
violation of the Geneva accords,. of the
United Nations Charter, and the Con-
stitution itself, reflect the attitude of
treating international obligations and
constitutional obligations as scraps of
paper.
Some of us have liked to think that
the championing of the League of Na-
tions by Woodrow Wilson, and later our
active sponsorship of the United Nations
marked an American commitment to the
rule of law in world affairs, including
our own interests in world affairs.
What we are doing in Asia is setting
the United States above all that. Once
we have decided an American interest
was at stake, we have ignored our treaty
obligations and our obligations to the
United Nations. We have cranked up
the American military machine to move
into Asia.
The apologists who piously deplore
spreading the war, but who in the mean-
time want to continue it in South Viet-
nam and Laos, rather than negotiate,
are scarcely different from those who
want to expand it. The war in South
Vietnam is not going to get better for us.
Perhaps it will not get any worse but I
see no chance that it will get better.
And the longer it continues under those
circumstances, the more certain it is that
the war will be expanded.
If a nation wants to live up to its in-
ternational commitments, it must live up
to them and not find excuses for avoid-
ing them. The only policy in the world
I am advocating for the United States
is that we live up to the Geneva Accords
and the U.N. Charter.
No. 132-28
For Mr. Freedman's benefit, I repeat
the language to which he takes such ex-
ception: The United States is violating
one international commitment after an-
other.
So we are.
GEN. MAXWELL D. TAYLOR, U.S.
AMBASSADOR TO SOUTH VIETNAM
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, the last
point I wish to make deals with the ac-
tion taken by the Senate today in con-
firming the nomination of General Tay-
lor as American Ambassador to South
Vietnam.
When the Senate took that action-
and I understand there were only a few
Senators on the floor when it took
place-I was downstairs in the Commit-
tee on Foreign Relations presenting an
argument against a shocking waste of
taxpayer funds in a foreign aid program
that is in need of drastic revision.
I was not aware that the Taylor nom-
ination was to be brought up at that
time. It was well known that I voted
against the confirmation of the Taylor
nomination in committee. I wish briefly
to say for the record that I think
nominating General Taylor as American
Ambassador to South Vietnam was a
most unfortunate mistake, and for the
following reasons:
First, it is known around the world
that General Taylor was one of the
architects, along with McNamara and
Rusk, of the war plans of the United
States in Vietnam.
It is unfortunate that we should send
as our Ambassador to South Vietnam a
military leader-and a very able military
leader he is, too-when all the world
has its eyes turned to the hope for peace.
The appointment of General Taylor as
Ambassador to South Vietnam increases
the possibility of our going into a full
scale war in Asia if the Red Chinese
and the North Vietnamese do not back
down under American threats.
I am also satisfied that General Taylor
will not hesitate to advocate the escalat-
ing of that war into North Vietnam and
into Red China and into Laos if the Red
Chinese do not quiver and quake and
retreat.
I have great regard for General Taylor
as a military leader. If we get into a
war, I believe we shall find that most
military experts in this country will
agree with the observation I now make,
namely, that we probably have a no more
able potential theater commander for
that war than General Taylor. But he
has no place behind the desk of an
Ambassador.
There is a growing trend in this Re-
public for the military to take over more
and more policy determinations. I had
hoped that we would make it more clear
than it has been made to date that under
our constitutional system it is not for the
military to determine policy, but to carry
out orders; and that American foreign
policy should be determined by the civil-
ian branch of the Government-by the
President, his chief agent, the Secretary
of State, and the Congress.
The symbolism of putting this general
behind an Ambassador's desk in South
Vietnam is uncalled for and unfortunate.
It will be subject to great misunder-
standing, and will accrue to the great
disadvantage of the standing of the
United States in many parts of the
world, particularly in the so-called un-
derdeveloped nations. I am satisfied
that great fear is developing toward the
United States in the underdeveloped na-
tions. They are beginning to see great
differences between our preachments and
our practices, and are beginning to raise
questions about the hypocrisy of the
United States in the field of foreign
policy.
Furthermore, I have heard General
Taylor as a witness before the Foreign
Relations Committee over a period of
years. He has demonstrated his great
ability, his wide knowledge, and his ex-
pertness in the field of military affairs.
But he has never instilled any confidence
in his ability in the field of foreign policy.
How well I remember the stunning
sh' ck that I suffered at the time of the
Berlin crisis when, listening to General
Taylor and General White, I came to
realize that I was listening to two Amer-
ican military leaders who would not
hestitate to drop the nuclear bomb, as
though that would settle any issue in-
volving the peace of the world.
General Taylor is among those in the
Pentagon who has an itchy trigger finger
when it comes to.the use of nuclear power
in case we are challenged and our bluff
is called. I want to avoid those chal-
lenges. I think one of the best ways to
avoid those challenges is to have the
United States stop bluffing, because we
may have our bluff called.
The sad thing is that if we do, a nu-
clear war will be on, and there will be no
victory. I have no confidence whatever
in General Taylor in the field of Ameri-
can foreign policy. Taking his uniform
off and putting him behind an Ambas-
sador's desk will not change the fact that
his orientation is the orientation of the
military, not the orientation of civilian
foreign policy.
The symbolism of his appointment is
most unfortunate. My President should
have selected someone such as the man
tie selected as Deputy Ambassador, Mr.
Alexis Johnson, or some other outstand-
ing career officer in the Foreign Service
of the State Department, rather than to
dip into the Pentagon and take a mili-
tary general to direct American foreign
policy in southeast Asia.
As I said to Mr. Lodge in person yes-
terday, when he appeared before the
Committee on Foreign Relations, it is
unfortunate that a former U.S. Ambas-
sador to the United Nations, the former
Ambassador of the United States to
South Vietnam, should return to the
United States and tell the American peo-
ple, in effect, that the time is not pro-
pitious for us to take the southeast Asia
crisis to the United Nations. I shall
never be. able to understand how a
former Ambassador to the United Na-
tions could demonstrate such a complete
failure to uphold our obligations under
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
the United Nations Charter. If it were
not so tragic, it would be amusing, when
one considers the answer he has given to
the proposal to go to a 14-nation con-
ference, as recommended by the Presi-
dent of France, Mr. de Gaulle. What are
we afraid of? No one is suggesting that
while we are at that 14-nation Confer-
ence we should abandon southeast Asia.
No one is suggesting that while the Se-
curity Council and, if necessary, the
General Assembly consider the United
Nations jurisdiction, we remove ourselves
from southeast Asia, although I wish we
would desist from our warmaking in
southeast Asia and start a policy of
peacekeeping.
I would, as I have said so many times,
while the matter is before a 14-nation
Conference, as recommended by De
Gaulle, or before the Security Council or
before, the General Assembly, call upon
our alleged-and I underline the word
"alleged"-SEATO allies to join us with
a sufficient body of men to patrol the
area, to keep the adversaries separate,
and to stop the killing and warmaking
until the procedures of the United Na-
tions can be brought to work upon the
threat to the peace of Asia and, poten-
tially, the peace of the world.
The position taken by Henry Cabot
Lodge cannot be reconciled to any de-
gree with the clear international obliga-
tions of the United States under the
United Nations Charter.
I did not expect that the stature of the
President of France for peacekeeping
would rise above the stature of the Pres-
ident of the United States: but at this
hour, that is exactly what is happening.
The President of France is becoming
recognized in many areas of the world as
more determined and dedicated to the
cause of peace than the President of the
United States, because the President of
France is calling for negotiation. The
President of France is calling for the
conference table. The President of
France is calling for the application of
the rule of law to the threat of peace in
Asia.
The President of the United States is
rattling the saber and telling the world
that we are willing to risk war with Red
China unless Asia accepts American
policy in southeast Asia.
I cannot understand why my Govern-
ment cannot see, before it is too late,
that that kind of warmaking policy on
the part of the United States spells
trouble. Let me make it clear, as I
close, that there is no question that we
are joined in our outlawry by South
Vietnam, by North Vietnam, by the
Pathet Lao Communists in Laos, and by
Red China.
Does that justify our outlawry? Does
that justify the policy of expediency ap-
plied to international affairs which best
describes American policy tonight in
Asia? Does the end-justifies-the-means
principle square with American precepts
of foreign policy?
Since when `do two wrongs make a
right?
Never before has that been our pol-
icy. I pray again that my country will
see the horrendous mistake it is making
in Asia as a matter of policy, before it
is too late.
I close by saying, for the benefit of
those who do not like my speeches and
for the benefit of such journalists as
Mr. Freedman, "You had better check
it with the American people."
1: am satisfied that millions of fellow
Americans, as they begin to understand
the issue at stake in southeast Asia, will
support my position.
I can now say, along with the Senator
from Alaska, that my mail is running
better than 100 to 1 in support of my
position. My mail is coming in from
coast to coast, as Senators will see some
samples placed in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD from time to time. I placed a
large quantity in the RECORD today. It
is coming from the leaders of many com-
munities in this country.
I wish to state to President Johnson
that I am satisfied that the American
people do not approve of America's war-
making policy in Asia, and that the
American people wish the President of
the United States to join with the Presi-
dent of France and other advocates of
negotiation, that we go to the conference
table and seek to apply the rule of law
to the crisis which exists in Asia.
I say most respectfully to my Presi-
dent, whom I shall continue to support
on most issues, that I oppose him on this
issue only because I owe a greater trust
to my country than I owe to him.
Mr. President, I yield the floor.
APPOINTMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT
PRO TEMPO RE
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mc-
GOVERN in the chair). The Chair, on
behalf of the President pro tempore, an-
nounces the appointment as members on
the part of the Senate of the National
Commission on Food Marketing, created
by Senate Joint Resolution 71, the fol-
lowing Senators, namely, the Senator
from Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON], the
Senator from Wyoming [Mr. MCGEE],
the Senator from Michigan [Mr. HART],
the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. MOR-
TON], and the Senator from Nebraska
[Mr. HRUSKA].
COMMITTEE MEETING DURING
SENATE SESSION TOMORROW
Mr. HART. Mr. President, the dis-
tinguished Senator from Nebraska [Mr.
HRusiA7 is in the Chamber; and we have
discussed the problem presented to the
Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monop-
oly of the Judiciary Committee in meet-
ing tomorrow, in view of the time set for
the beginning of the session of the
Senate.
We have cleared this with those in-
volved, and I ask unanimous consent
that the subcommittee be permitted to
sit during the session of the Senate
tomorrow.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection?
Mr. HRUSKA. Mr. President, not
only is there no objection, but I also con-
cur in the request of the Senator from
Michigan and wish to confirm that
there has been clearance on this matter
with the minority leader.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
July 1
TRANSACTION OF ADDITIONAL
ROUTINE BUSINESS
By unanimous consent, the following
additional routine business was trans-
acted :
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-
ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED
A message from the House of Repre-
sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, one of its
reading clerks, announced that the
Speaker had affixed his signature to the
following enrolled bills, and they were
signed by the Acting President pro tem-
pore :
S. 6. An act to authorize the Housing and
Home Finance Administrator to provide addi-
tional assistance for the development of
comprehensive and coordinated mass trans-
portation systems, both public and private,
in metropolitan and other urban areas, and
for other purposes; and
H.R. 10433. An act making appropriations
for the Department of the Interior and re-
lated agencies for the fiscal year ending June
30, 1965, and for other purposes.
ADDITIONAL BILL INTRODUCED
Mr. HART by unanimous consent, in-
troduced a bill (S. 2972) for the relief
of Dr. David J. Sencer, U.S. Public Health
Service, which was read twice by its title
and referred to the Comimttee on the
Judiciary.
ADJUSTMENT OF RATES OF BASIC
COMPENSATION OF CERTAIN OF-
FICERS AND EMPLOYEES IN THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT-AMEND-
MENTS
Mr. MORSE submitted two amend-
ments (Nos. 1089 and 1090), intended to
be proposed by him, to the bill (H.R.
11049) to adjust the rates of basic com-
pensation of certain officers and em-
ployees in the Federal Government, and
for other purposes, which were ordered
to lie on the table and to be printed.
Mr. LAUSCHE submitted an amend-
ment (No. 1091), intended to be proposed
by him, to House bill 11049, supra, which
was ordered to lie on the table and to
be printed.
Mr. KEATING (for himself and Mr.
JAVITS) submitted an amendment (No.
1092), intended to be proposed by them,
jointly, to House bill 11049, supra, which
was ordered to lie on the table and to be
printed.
Mr. ELLENDER submitted amend-
ment (No. 1093), intended to be pro-
posed by him, to House bill 11049, supra,
which was ordered to lie on the table and
to be printed.
AMENDMENT OF INTERNAL REV-
ENUE CODE OF 1954, TO IMPOSE
A TAX ON ACQUISITIONS OF CER-
TAIN FOREIGN SECURITIES-
AMENDMENTS
AMENDMENT NO. 1094
Mr. JAVITS submitted an amendment,
in the nature of a substitute, intended to
be proposed by him, to the bill (H.R.
8000) to amend the Internal Revenue
Code of 1954 to impose a tax on acqui-
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CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD - SENATE
tionally supported the hospital or a much
broader, public type, appeal. The board of
directo`s of the hospital believes that such
an additional appeal would receive much
greater reception if the effort were to be
matched closely by the Government's as-
suming its fair share of the financial burden
for the; medical care of the poor.
CAN NAjIONI . cAPITA,L AFFORD NOT TO, HAVE
&tAJQR C, IILD IT g CENTER?
In the final analysis there are the ques-
tions: Can the Nation's Capital continue to
afford a specialized institution devoted to
the all around medical care. of children?
Also, what will happen if Children's Hospital
ceases to exist 1x1 its. present for?
The answer to these questions lies at the
heart of the matter.
Of all places in the world, the Nation's
Capital should feel that it can afford to
travel first class in this respect. Children
deprived of the corrective health measures
that . modern Ir,}edicine is capable of pro-
viding may grow up to cause the community
vast expense in terms of institutional care
for adolescents and adults, In terms of de-
linquency and crime, in terms of unem-
ployment brought about by physical and
mental ?handicaps. Such ills can be pre-
vented if the skills represented by the core
of dedicated men and women brought to-
gether on a team basis such as those at
Children's Hospital are brought to bear on
a solution to these problems at an incipient
stage.
This kind of child health care is available
and needed and used at Children's Hospital
now, not only by the indigent family but
by families at, all income levels, including
those on the Government payroll. It is used,
for example, by the families of Members of
Congress and of the diplomatic corps.
The hospital and its various programs
have been selected for visits by royalty,
visiting statesmen and professional persons
from all over the, world.
Infants and children In families who may
not even have heard of the hospital have
benefited indirectly from its presence by
and through the fact that it _ is training
doctors and nurses in the finest of child
health practice, is carrying out research to
understand and combat children's problems.
But the Nation's Capital is beset by many
problems. It maybe that the specific prob-
lems of the future existence of Children's
Hospital in its present form-a children's
medical center, evolved through nearly a
century of devotion to child health into the,
force for good in the community that it
now is-cannot be salvaged in the context
of life as it exists in the Nation's Capital
today.
This statement of the situation represents
what amounts to a last resort. If it falls of von'e the possibility, however doubtful
response, the corporate members of and di- it may be, of staying increased military
rectors of.Children's Hospital will be forced movements which could lead to escala-
to make such adjustments and.to adopt tion and fin
l
f
a
con
rontation of the
such solutions as the hard realities of the United States and Communist China.
situation dictate, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
RIIDOLPH $AUFFMAN II,
President, Children's Hospital of the time of the Senator has expired.
District of Columbia. Mr. COOPER. I do not agree with the
entire statement made relating to Amer-
th Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I invite ican command of the Vietnam forces
e
tt
tio
y
,
. a
en
n of m
colleagues to the but the House Members have the right cerried. I do not believe that there
desirability of the Congress rallying to to state their positions. should be any implication in their state-
the rescue of this splendid institution Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ment, much as they may differ with the
which may be forced to close its doors ask unanimous consent that the time of policy which is involved.
unless fiances are provided for it. the Senator may be extended. The majority leader has called for
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without constructive suggestions.
further morning business? objection, it is so agreed.
First, there is no question about the
Mr. McGEE, Mr. President, I ask Mr. MANSFIELD. I am not at all fact that a U.N. role in the problem is
unanimous consent that the rule of averse to a reconvening of the Geneva essential. In my judgment, we should
germaneness be waived, for a very minor Conference to consider the situation in press for a U.N. role-at least some role
remark. none T om
t
-- --"- .- -
no
at all aver
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Is there further morning business?
REPUBLICAN STATEMENT OF AMER-
ICAN POLICY ON VIETNAM
Mr. COOPER, Mr. President, a few
minutes ago the distinguished majority
leader [Mr. MANSFIELD] commented up-
on the statement made by some 55 Re-
publicans in the House on Vietnam.
I have read the statement. I do not
agree with one portion of it, at least.
That portion is, as I remember, that it
recommended that American command-
ers should take command of the Viet-
namese troops. I rise nevertheless to
say-as I happen to be one of the few
Republicans on the floor at this time-
that I believe this statement, whether
the Senator agrees with it or not, or I
do, brings into play the very debate that
he, himself has recommended, that Viet-
nam should be discussed, and discussed
openly and objectively.
I might also say, without any attempt
to compare this particular statement
with other statements that have been
made in the Senate, that policy in Viet-
nam has been discussed on the floor of
the Senate for months. Some Members
of the majority, have been, almost daily,
very critical of the administration's po-
sition on Vietnam. The majority leader,
himself, has an alternative to the pro-
gram of the administration in Vietnam.
I would not want to stop by making
these comments. I believe that it is nec-
assary to maintain the strength of our
troops in Vietnam, a strength capable of
maintaining our position.
I believe also that every possible alter-
native should be considered which would
be helpful. I would advocate a convo-
cation of the Geneva Conference, not
with the purpose of agreeing to neutrali-
zation, but with the purpose of seeing if
there is any possibility of any agreement
that would recognize two separate, sov-
ereign countries, and support for the
position, and support against the con-
tinued aggression and subversion of
North Vietnam. Thus could lead, I hope,
to the establishment of multilateral pa-
trols along the borders.
der certain circumstances, to a recon-
vening of the Geneva Conference of 1954
covering the situation in Vietnam and the
other parts of what used to be known as
French Indochina. But I certainly can-
not imagine the Senator from Kentucky,
with his wide experience as a diplomat,
as a member of the State Department,
and as a member of the U.S. delegation
to the United Nations, agreeing to a pro-
posal which would make that a war un-
der direct American military command
and control in a foreign country.
Mr. COOPER, I just said that I did
not agree with such a suggestion. I said
that the majority leader took occasion
to criticize the proposal, which I do not
agree with; but I must say that almost
every day Senators, on his side are dis-
agreeing with the administration posi-
tion.
Mr. MANSFIELD. The Senator is cor-
rect.
Mr. COOPER. The majority leader
himself has offered alternatives, con-
structive proposals, I believe that alter-
natives should be constructive.
Mr. MANSFIELD. As I said in my re-
marks, I welcome discussion. All I hope
is that the discussion will be construc-
tive. I do not care for opposition on the
part of either Republicans or Democrats
for the sake of opposition. If a Sena-
tor is'going to oppose, he should come
forth with a constructive alternative, if
he finds fault with a policy which the Na-
tion has in effect at the time he makes
his remarks or offers his solution.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. MANSFIELD. I yield.
Mr. JAVITS. I wish to address myself
to the subject under discussion. I am
grateful to the majority leader for re-
maining while I do so. It is interesting
that the report of the task force on the
part of the Republican Party in the
House is side by side with the report of
Ambassador Lodge to the people of the
United States and to the President. I
wish to identify myself with that group
which believes, regardless of party, that
we must stick it out in Vietnam. I do
not believe that we ought to pull out. I
believe there is to much at stake for us
to pull out. Also I do not believe that
we should overtly extend the war into
North Vietnam, which has been recom-
mended by some. I feel that while Sena-
tors, as the Senator from Kentucky [Mr.
COOPER] has said, have every right to
speak and should be encouraged to speak
and have been encouraged to speak their
views, I cannot accept the proposition
that any American President would not
wish to win a struggle in which American
July 1
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 15147
The hospital Is informed that the Govern-
ment of the District of Columbia is pre-
cluded from making exception to the pre-
vailing strict rules of eligibility for health
care. Presumably only Congress itself can
order relief from losses in this category by
specifically exempting the medical care of
children from the eligibility rules. If the
hospital Is to survive, or at least survive in
its present form, relief of both sorts is neces-
sary.
INDIGENT CARE VITAL I;ART OF CENTER
This immediately suggests an important
question which the community not only has
every right to ask but should ask:
Why not send the patients who are caus-
ing these losses and who in many commu-
nities would be the responsibility of the tax-
payer, to the city's public hospital, the Dis-
trict of Columbia General Hospital?
The answer to this question also falls in
several parts:
1. District of Columbia General Hospital
already-is caring for a capacity patient load
of children.
2. Except under emergency conditions, the
thousands of indigent children who are not
eligible for Government reimbursement at
Children's Hospital are not eligible for care
at District of Columbia General Hospital.
In fact, without Children's Hospital, there is
no place to provide their health case needs
under present regulations.
'3. Thus, Children's Hospital cares for as
many, and in some cases more, sick children
who cannot pay for their care than does
District of Columbia General Hospital. It
serves the northerly sections of the city for
Government-eligible patients in the same
way as District of Columbia General serves
the southerly sections of the city. It is,
therefore, the other half of facilities for such
care and traditionally has been treated as the
privately operated half of a public-private
partnership devoted to caring for the city's
sick poor children, having been expanded
and modernized to do the job by the Invest-
ment of over $2 million of matching Govern-
ment funds in recent years. There is no
"third" place for them to go in any im-
portant numbers.
4. Children's Hospital has been planned
and staffed and its plant has been financed
to do this job. In fact it was doing it as the
sole such institution _ in the District of Co-
lumbia before the creation of a children's
unit at District of Columbia General Hos-
pital. Perhaps it should be compared to an
eight-cylinder automobile; its operation
could hardly be cut in half by removing four
of the cylinders, and it is doubtful it would
run at all In such a condition. To put it
another way, Children's Hospital's ability to
perform the charity task is built into its total
function as a children's medical center pro-
viding the finest of health care for all types
of patients, including those who can pay.
Thus, if the institution remains prepared to
meet fully the child health needs of the
community, It is doubtful that important
savings could be realized from simply turn-
ing away sick children even if they arrived at
the door properly tagged "eligible" or "in-
eligible" which, of course, they do not.
6. In order to carry out the care of the
charity patients at less expense and to pro-
vide a stimulus to Improved care for all pa-
tients and to fulfill a responsibility as a
complete medical center, the hospital has,
over the years, developed some of the coun-
try's best recognized training and research
programs in child health. While the pres-
ence of teaching programs allows the charity
care to be carried out at lesser cost, it is
also true that the presence of charity or
"ward" patients allows a sttonger teaching
and research program. A significant cut-
back in charity patients would in proportion
diminish the strength of the teaching and
research programs as well as narrow the
spectrum of available health care services.
And, at some point, it could no longer serve
as well the purpose of educating young doc-
tors and nurses. It might no longer attract
and hold highly skilled specialists who gravi-
tate to an institution because of teaching
and research opportunities thus concentrat-
ing for the benefit of the entire community
in one place a central pool of specialized
medical skills. If Children's Hospital were
bereft of this concentrated team of special-
ists there would be little real justification
for its existence. That function could just
as well be fulfilled by adding beds for chil-
dren at each of the general hospitals of the
community.
Thus a specialty hospital like Children's
is a meld of complex and interdependent
parts. Take one part away and the whole
tends to fall apart and become, relatively
speaking, a nonessential community asset.
PROGRAMS GEARED FOR PAYING PATIENTS AS WELL
AS INDIGENT
At this point another question suggests
itself: Why does not the hospital make more
of an effort to attract more paying patients
to meet the competition of the general hos-
pitals, particularly suburban hospitals con-
veniently located in higher income areas?
The answer to this is that all of the pro-
grams are intended to meet the needs of in-
fants and children in the best possible way
and thus to "attract" paying patients whose
parents wish the best of medical and surgical
care for their Infants and children despite
certain Inconveniences of travel.
Since World War II the facilities of the
hospital, including a new main building,
research center and a modern diagnostic
and treatment center (together costing
$5,800,741, $3,580,335 of it privately donated
and $2,220,406 of it in matching Govern-
ment funds) have been improved and ex-
panded because the hospital recognized that
changing times made it imperative that it
equip itself to care for difficult and highly
specialized cases in addition to routine cases
that would gravitate inevitably to neighbor-
hood hospitals. Thus, it has laid the ground-
work for maintaining a reasonable increase
in private patient load. But such a program
bears fruit slowly.
The medical board of the hospital is active
in bringing to the attention of referring
physicians the importance of having avail-
able an institution qualified to cope with
the difficult and complex ailments of chil-
dren; also the importance of supporting such
an institution despite considerations of con-
venience.
BROADER PUBLIC GIVING WOULD MATCH
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
And, still another question is: Since Chil-
drens' Hospital is a charitable institution,
and, since private givers in the Washington
area have proven themselves willing to sup-
port it through their donations and bequests,
why doesn't the hospital increase its efforts
to obtain more such support from the com-
munity?
Once again, the answer must be complex
rather than simple:
The hospital has indeed increased its ef-
forts over the past 3 years to solicit funds
from individuals on the basis of a list of
known friends and supporters of the institu-
tion. The list of contributors now includes
the majority of those individuals who tra-
ditionally and in the light of the trend to-
ward unified appeals to support community
charity can be expected to support such an
institution in addition to their support of
unified fund drives and their responsibility
to the many other demands made upon their
incomes by other worthwhile charitable, edu-
cational and cultural institutions and or-
ganizations. The next step in any effort to
supplement present private support for
Children's Hospital charitable work would
have to be either a request for an increased
level of giving by those who have tradi-
and presumably throughout its entire his-
tory. After all, it was founded as a charitable
institution. And it has tried to conduct it-
self as one, its board of directors having
been guided by the statement in its original
charter below:
"Be it known to all whom it may concern,
that we, * * * citizens of the United States,
and of the District of Columbia, have as-
sociated ourselves together pursuant to the
provisions of the 3d section of the act of
Congress, approved May 5, 1870, entitled "An
act to provide for the creation of corporations
in the District of Columbia by general law,"
for the purpose of establishing a charitable
institutionin said District, to be used as a
hospital and dispensary for the treatment of
the medical and surgical diseases of children,
Where all such may be treated gratuitously:
Provided, however, That the board of directors
may provide for the admission of sick chil-
dren whose parents or guardians may be will-
ing and able to defray the expenses thereof."
To implement this policy, and to fulfill
its obligation to the community as set forth
in Its charter, it has sought and obtained
from generous friends and supporters sub-
stantial funds. Also it has received specific
endowments and unrestricted bequests, made
to it because it was a charitable institution.
In the period covered by the statistics
above, for instance, it sought and obtained
annual donations through its annual sus-
taining fund appeal and its annual Christ-
mas card appeal as follows:
TABLE IV.-Gifts and donations from sustain-
ing fund and Christmas card appeal
Year ending-
Card
Sustaining
Total
appeal
fund
June 30, 1963 --------
$31,163
$116, 446
$147, 609
June 30, 1962 --------
27,698
103,599
131.297
Juno 30, 1961 --------
75, 806
102, 206
178, 012
June 30, 1960 --------
53,556
91, 018
144, 574
June 30, 1959 --------
. 61,828
------------
61,828
And it received In this same period unre-
stricted bequests totaling $837,642, more than
half of which was required for day-to-day
operations.
To meet its deficits it has, of course, spent
the revenues from these appeals. It also has
spent to finance its day-in-day-out opera-
tions not only the income from an endow-
ment fund of $1,243,479, but also all of the
income from and $446,000 of the capital of
funds, that have come to it In the form of
unrestricted bequests.
To sum up, it has been ready, willing, and
able to spend nonoperatin& income and capi-
tal in1 the period under review as follows:
TABLE V. Expenditure of nonoperating in-
come and capital for recent 5 years
Year ending June 30, 1963-------- $440, 821
Year ending June 30, 1962-------- 389, 080
Year ending June 30, 1961 -------- 407, 282
Year ending June 30, 1960 -------- 367, 549
Year ending June 30, 1959 -------- 243, 075
But the hard fact of the matter is that
taking nonoperating income and capital from
all available sources into account, it now
finds Itself with only $143,000 to meet deficits
that are averaging $40,000 each month.
STOPGAP APPROPRIATION REQUIRED
To find some way to avoid the Inevitable
financial collapse of the hospital, the officers
of the board of directors have taken their
case to the Commissioners of the District of
Columbia who have agreed to ask Congress
for a supplemental appropriation of $110,000
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964. The
amount of this request is bijsed on reimburse-
ment for units of service Which the hospital
provided solely for patients ruled eligible for
tax support at a rate somewhat greater than
that presently provided but less than the
hospital's audited cost of care. If this is
granted it will provide only temporary relief.
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-1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENT .T.L,
Ing infiltrated, as Vietnam is an inde Los ANOEI.ES CALIF., June 28,19 64.
pendent and sovereign country. Senator WAYNE MoxsE,
Second; there is a complete inade- Senate Office Building,
quacy of cooperation with us by allies Washington, D.C.:
who ought to be as deeply interested as Congratulations on your appeal for legality,
commonsense, and peace on "Issues and An-
we. I do not make that statement in ewers."
any sense of remonstrance, but it is a SIDNEY MEYER
States, The a is Austral a's war as,. BROOKLYN, N.Y., June 17 1964.
much our ow It illtiinately threat- Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
ens Austrralia's I-lure nd secu- U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
rity. e war. is Malaysia's war. It is MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: The country and
a war of the Philippines. It is also a the world owe you and Senator G fully
a debt which it will never be able to to full y
war of Taiwan, or the Republic, of China repay. Attacking official U.S. policy is many
on Taiwan. It also deeply involves times not only irresponsible but impossible.
Japan. Those are at least some of the Irresponsible because those people making
nations. It is neat. door to Taiwan, one policy have access to information not gen-
of our strongest and firmest allies in,, erally known which may greatly influence
that area of the world.. An American the solution picked for the problem in ques-
overture_ of the most urgent kind is re- tion. Impossible because the President, Sec-
retary of Defense, and Secretary of State
gaited to obtain Cooperation from other are always on the front pages of newspapers
nations in Asia, and magazines and always on the radio and
Third, the success of freedom. is in- television news broadcasts,. Their opinions
volved. Wherefore, the job.of economic and ideas are generally known. The other
reconstruction in the country of India, side often goes unnoticed. We do not always
the Government of India, and its secur- think about the unthinkable. Thus, the
ity against the Chinese Commurhst in- administration can much more easily build
cursions-all of these are critically im- up their support than can the opposition.
This is the case presently with Vietnam.
portent, just as is the defeat, of the effort Here, opposition has been impossible but
to subvert the new Government of not irresponsible. As a member of the Sen-
Malaria. It is critically important that ate Foreign Relations Committee you have
we make a success in those struggles be- had access to all the administration's in-
cause they reflect on the whole position formation-or at least whatever they have
in southeast Asia. been willing to let you see. Even so, until
Finally, I have great pride in the bi- recently only the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and
partisan foreign policy forecast and a very few newspapers presented the opposi-
tion point of view. The first time that the
practiced by Arthur Vandenberg, and TV mentioned that you were making speeches
followed by Eisenhower, Nixon, and the on Vietnam was when a channel two reporter,
other leaders of our party up until today. speaking on the progress of the civil rights
I am deeply pledged to it. I intend to bill, said that you again interrupted the
stand with it in the policy I have out- "debate" to speak on McNamara's war. No
lined which, I believe, with respect to 'mention was made of your reasons for this
Vietnam, I am following in the finest opposition. Indeed, the way he made men-
traditions, offered for us and our allies, tion of your speech was in a contemptuous
and which has also been joined in on our way-as if you were wasting the time of the
Senate.
other side by the late Secretary Cordell, Recently, however, several newspapers
Hull and other leaders, along with the have, at least, mentioned your name. This
late President Kennedy and President is a beginning. More people are now talk-
Johnson. ing about Vietnam and when the Senate
Mr. MQRSE. 1vtr. President, I ask takes up the foreign aid bill the Vietnam de-
unanimous consent to have printed at bate will really get going.
this point in the RECORD communications Vietnam. do not dsupport U policy in
o supportpresent taking g U.S. tthe issue to
I have received from people across the the . United I a support t to
Nations where it bZ'longs. The
country who thoroughly disagree with war is probably a civil one since not many
U.S. policy in Asia. -Communist Chinese or North Vietnamese are
There being no objection, the com- directly involved but this may be debatable.
munications were ordered to be printed How important the war really is to our secu-
in the RECORD, as follows: rity and in terms of such intangible things
NEw YoRx, N.Y., June 24,1964. as American lives and material things such
Senator WAYNE NIoRaE, as money and arms may also be debatable,
Senate Building, Capitol Hill, But what is not debatable is that our policy
Washin ton D C toward this war in Vietnam is a part of the
15149
At a time when we are extending the
boundary of law at home must we leave it in
Vietnam? Daniel Webster once said that
"whatever government is not a government
of laws is a despotism, let it be called what
it may." Today, I say that whatever world
is not a world of laws is a despotism, let it
be called what it may.
To you, Senator MORSE, and to Senator
GRUENING I say please continue to speak out
against our unnecessary, illegal, and immoral
actions in Vietnam.
Sincerely,
BROOKLYN, N.Y.
I would also like to take this time to com-
mend you, Senator MORSE, for your stand on
civil rights. Few people have ever been as
consistently right on so many important is-
sues as you have been. When history records
these days it will be seen that you were one
of the Senators most responsible for so strong
yet just a bill being passed by Congress.
I would like to pose several questions:
1. Under cloture, I thought that only the
civil rights bill would be discussed and that,
for example, there would be no morning hour
or no nongermane speech, even on the Sen-
ator's time, would be allowed. Which of
these was the intent of the Senate?
2. On Thursday, Jung 11, 1964 a modified
Ervin amendment was passed 80 to 16. It
added a new section 1102 to the bill. Under
this amendment, if a man commits a crime
and has his day in court and then later com-
mits the same crime can he be tried again?
If originally he was tried for say, contempt
arising under his first crime, can he, for the
second crime, be tried for the crime itself?
3. Briefly, if possible, what was the Mo-
torola case?
4. On 'The Making of the President, 1960"
last week it mentioned your running for
President against the then Senator Kennedy.
I presume that this was in the Oregon pri-
mary. Is this correct and what was the
results?
Thank you. Senator MORSE, for letting me
take some of your so valuable time. Once
again, please continue speaking out against
our policy toward the war in Vietnam.
Again, thank you very much.
NEIL M. HoRownTz
(Again).
Los ANGELES, CALIF., June 14, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SENATOR: I want to congratulate you
on your remarks concerning the southeast
Asia area and situation.
I hope we listen to your advice and bring
neutrality and peace to that area instead
of destruction.
Keep up your remarks
peace.
Yours truly,
g { ' .. - larger issue of whether we want for our- SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.,
Keep up fight against Vietnam fiasco, selves and our Children a world of law, or June 14, 1964.
Your words make sense. "liberty and justice for all" or as President DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have read some of
MIKE.SPECTOR. Kennedy said in his inaugural address;' "A your remarks on our foreign policy in south-
new endeavor, not a new balance of power, east Asia. I believe you are doing a great
TACOMA, WASH., June 29, 1964. but a new world of law where the strong are job. Someone in the Senate has to try to
Senator WAYNE MORSE, just and the weak secure and the peace pre- bring some sanity to our policy in that part
Senate Office Building, served." Or whether we want a world based of the world. If we continue as we are
Washington, D.C.: on the jungle law of military might with going, South Vietnam will turn, at best, into
You have done a world of good already by "the intoxication of power, constantly in- another Korea.
your masterful responses to interrogators creasing and constantly growing subtler. Al- We are getting in a position of no return.
Scalley and Rawison on "Issues and Answers" ways at every moment * * * the thrill of Please keep up your vigorous attacks on our
yesterday. No acknowledgment necessary. victory, the sensation of trampling on an policy in Asia. I, like you, feel we should
REX S. ROUDEPU?1-X? enemy who Is helpless. If you want a pic- take our problem to the U.N. If the U.N.
-tune of [this] future, imagine a boot stamp- isn't good enough for us, it won't be good
SALT FRANCISCO, CALIF., June 29, 1964. tag on a human face-forever." (George Or- enough for anyone else. It takes much more
Zion. WAYNE MORSE, well in "1984".) than money to keep the U.N. as an effective
Senate Office Building, The one depends on nations forever tak- force. It takes the U.N.'s faith in its ma-
Washington, D.C.: ing arms to settle disagreements, the other chinery, or the U.N. will become just a sight-
... We applaud and support your courageous on an expanded use of international orga- seeing attraction in New York and follow
and well reasoned stand on American policy nizations such as the United Nations-to the footsteps of the League of Nations.
in southeast Asia. talk, to settle disputes by reason and facts, George Bernard Shaw either said or quoted
Dr. and Mrs. RAYMOND. not force and arms: someone else who said, "The " .. ~. only thing we
?;w
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 1 '
learn from history is that we don't learn
from history." The time in southeast Asia
is growing short.
please keep up your magnificent efforts.
Many Americans are behind you.
Very truly yours,
GILBERT B. FRIEDMAN.
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
The Senate,
Capitol Hill,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I live in Vancouver, Canada, and
heard your interview with Station CJOR,
Monday, June 4. If I was a praying man I
would flop down on my knees and thank
God that there is a litle spark of sanity yet
in the United States. Everything you said
was exactly according to facts and your es-
timation as to the. solution right now also
squares with the development and stage that
the world is in, re the newly emerging na-
tions and those waiting to be born, South
America, etc.
Your interviewer is still befuddled by cold-
war semantics and brainwash. Communism
won't overrun or move into any country, no
matter how small, until the present way of
life has broken down and the people them-
selves want a change. I'm afraid time is
running out on us and we need many more
voices like yours with courage and under-
standing to let their fellow Americans real.
ize that they do not have this holy mission
bestowed upon them to force their way of
life on the rest of the world. It wasn't
humanly possible to make more blunders
and mistakes than U.S. internal and foreign
policy has and if they pursue this line, we
surely 'face annihilation.
Once more the thanks of many, many
thousands of Canadians and surely men of
good will all over the world for your brave
stand against such great odds.
it will be because of men like you, not little
bootlickers like Adlai Stevenson. What a
figure he cuts before the U.N.
In sincere appreciation of your honest ef-
forts on behalf of country.
D. FLORENCE FAGG.
Senator MORSE.
DEAR SENATOR: I enjoyed your viewpoint on
Vietnam on "Face the Nation."
Would like to see you appear on other net-
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.,
June 16, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I should like to
thank you for the fine stand you have taken
on the Vietnam situation that we are now
unfortunately involved in. To begin with,
our Government (or CIA) has no right in-
fringing on other people's rights of self-de-
termination. Then, to claim that there are
foreign invaders, that the people ask for
defense, and to go ahead and perpetuate a
war fraught with dictatorships, torture, lies,
and misinformation to the American people
is a terrible disgrace. Please continue your
fine work.
Sincerely,
SANTA MONICA, CALIF.,
June 15, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
HON. SENATOR MORSE: We fully support
your views as expressed on "Face the Nation"
with regard to the war we are conducting
against South Vietnam. We believe that in
view of the pressures exerted for our Govern-
ment greater participation in South Vietnam
(as witness program of June 14, Marguerite
Higgins, etc.), it is imperative that you re-
peat your talk on TV in the very near future
before we as a nation become embroiled
beyond recall In a nuclear allout war.
In profound appreciation for your hu-
ALGONAC, MICH., June 10, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MoRSE:I compliment you on
your true and courageous statements re:
our activities in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos,
etc., today.
It is many a day believe me since we have
heard a Senator in U.S. Congress stand up
and tell the truth as you did.
It is a terrible thing when any people can
no longer trust their government to tell the
truth. We are being lied to all along the
line.
Scully's argument was really something to
behold-i.e., that we should not take the
time to take on disgraceful adventure in
Vietnam, etc., to the United Nations as that
would give "the Communists time to take
over."
If the people of Vietnam think commu-
nism more suitable to their needs than our
famous "free enterprise" which is a polite
name for monopoly today, then all our
vicious war against those poor people will
never change their minds but will only
strengthen their hatred of United States as
indeed it should.
Scully's assertion that we have not vio-
lated our international agreements was
sickening and idiotic-he can lie so brazenly
because he knows how brainwashed the
average American is by monopolistic control
of all means of communications.
As for that pathetic creature, Stevenson
how can you adequately express the con-
tempt any citizen can feel for him.
But thoughtful people are profoundly
thankful for men like you and Senator
GRUENING and a few others (how pitifully
few) and I'll bet your words today will be
heard around the world.
More power to you my dear sir, if we sur-
vive as a nation with any self-respect at all
manity and sanity.
Respectfully,
PHILADELPHIA, PA.,
June 27, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE. I admire the moral
patriotic stand you have taken on the dirty
little war in Indo-China. Long may you
JUNE 28, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: As a former resident
of the Pacific Northwest I am proud to con-
gratulate you on your civilized stand on the
Vietnam war.
Regards,
NEWTON PUEBLO, COLO.
Sin: Admiring your talk on today's pro-
gram, please keep up the good work. It was
with the keenest appreciation that I listened
to you. Somebody has to speak out and trust
you will continue to do so. I'm no pacifist
nor the other way either although I have 10
years' service under my belt. I see no earthly
use of sending more troops to Saigon or any
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
I listened to your interview with Nancy
Dickersen of NBC's "Today" program this
morning-subject of "The War in Vietnam,"
and I want to say my husband and I agree
with every word you. spoke.
More power to you and may you have some
influence to stop our country from trying
to police the entire Asian Continent.
We can't dictate to our neighbors and I
think as a country (of which we are proud)
we should quit trying to dictate the policies
of other nations.
Mrs. WM. SCHUCHART.
DEARBORN, MICH., June 26, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
The U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: May we congratulate
you on your stand on South Vietnam. We
listened to you on the "Today" show and
also FRANK CHURCH with the opposite view.
We need more people like you to point the
way back to our country's basic principles
and our Constitution, especially to younger
people in public office-FRANK CHURCH. Our
Constitution perhaps should be read in its
entirety to each Senator every 6 months
or so.
We are with you all the way too on the
failure of the United States to utilize the
United Nations. Most smaller nations and
most Americans probably wonder why it
hasn't been used.
Congratulations again and best wishes
for great success in your stand.
Sincerely,
Mr. and Mrs. RAY F. GOEBORO.
PITTSBURGH, PA.,
June 27, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have been wanting
to congratulate you for quite some time Con-
cerning your enlightened opinions on foreign
policy. i certainly hope you continue to
work as effectively as you know how towards
a more realistic Vietnam policy, and other
policies.
It is a pleasure to read your speeches in
various magazines. It is indeed a shame that
the newspapers don't hardly give you any
coverage.
You have my deepest gratitude for your
MOORESTOWN, N.J.
DEAR MR. MORSE: I heard your broadcast
on ABC radio June 28 and am in agreement
with your thoughts on the Vietnam situa-
tion. I support your efforts to advance your
foreign policy philosophy and as a private
citizen will be glad to aid you in any way I
can.
Sincerely,
DEAR SENATOR: I listened to you on the
TV program today. You were great. Now,
if you could be seen by more people on TV
or be quoted in the managed press.
ANDOVER, MASS.
June 29, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Do keep plugging
for meeting at United Nations to help keep
the peace.
Very truly,
courageous work.
Sincerely yours,
SANTA BARBARA, CALIF.,
June 27, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We hope you keep
pounding away at the idea of bringing the
Vietnam situation before the United Nations.
I am occassionally asked to speak before
groups on behalf of the U.N. The question
that Is often put to me-even by U.N. skep-
tics---is:
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD _SENATE
Here is a -threat to world peace. Can't the
U.N. at least discuss the issue?
My best wishes.
D. L. MARTIN.
JUNE 22, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am very much in
agreement with the stand you took with re-
gard to the war in Vietnam.
I doubt very much if we are making any
true friends there in Vietnam and around
the world by our presence there. Many peo-
ple are shocked by our indiscriminate bomb-
ing with. napalm and threats of atomic war-
fare. We have defended the tyranny of Diem
and bought our way in at that. The people
are tired of war and by our presence there
it will prolong the strife and agony for years
to come,
We should remember what France paid in
lives and money for years without any gain.
I doubt if we will get any other countries
to go along with us in this war.
Let's take a long-range look at the situa-
tion. As you have said, the best thing we
can do now is go to the -U.N. This makes
sense to me and the only wise move we can
make at this time.
We need more men of stature to stand up
to the hotheads and the uninformed. We
need to make some long-range plans and
"think the unthinkable."
Sincerely,
P.S.-I am an ex-constituent of yours, 28
years in Oregon.
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.,
June 26, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: This is to tell you that we
heard you on the "Today Show" and we ap-
preciate your stand on the Vietnam problem.
If we had 99 more men like you in the Sen-
ate and 436 in the House with your convic-
tions the rest of us humble citizens could
rid ourselves of our national guilt and shame.
We should understand that communism is
an ideology and cannot be detained with
bullets. The Romans tried to suppress the
Christians and failed. The Christians tried
to suppress the Moslems and they flourished
faster than ever. Now the Christians are
trying to suppress communism and for every
Communist they detain abroad, four Com-
munists in sympathy are generated at home.
For many long years these poor people in
southeast Asia have tried to rid themselves
of foreign impostors and now we, the most
destructive of them, all, are in there to ruin
their land and homes. If we don't get out
our Democratic Party isloing down. to de-_
feat this fall election.
Please Senator, more of the same, you
have millions of right-thinking people back
of you.
Yours sincerely,
E. P. LEVINE.
GLENDALE, CALIF., June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have listened to
your courageous talks against war several
times with great admiration, but have not
been courageous enough myself to write to
you. Your views on this unbelievable action
in Southeast Asia and mine seem to be alike,
Not only do I object to sending young
American men there to die, but I object to
their (or our) killing and burning those poor
miserable people of Vietnam and Laos.
Like you, t am `very critical of my govern-
Fment, and certainly do not support President
Johnson's actions. I believe that President
Kennedy grew with his position as presi-
dent and would never 'have gone this far-
even under' pressure.
I am "not only gritical of this vicious be-
haviour not only in Southeast Asia, but
Cuba and South America-I am downright
ashamed of it. But, thank God, in you we
have a man who is nit afraid to speak out.
I hope everyone heard you speak on NBC
today. Bless you, sir, and good heart to you.
Very sincerely,
MARGARET DO$NHAUSER.
STONEWALL, OKLA.,
June 25, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I do' not know how many
people, I have heard say amen to every word
that you said on NBC's "Today." I suggested
we write and tell you how proud we had a
man in the Senate that would stand on his
two feet and tell the American people the
truth about this (Vietnam) situation. Get
our boys out of there, but they all said that
it would be paper for your wastebasket.
This is one 'thing that -could defeat Presi-
dent Johnson.
Sincerely yours,
FRED MCKEEL.
GENEVA, N.Y., June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
House Q/ Senate,
Washington, D.C.
HON. AND DEAR Sm: Thank you for your
forthright and courageous statement about
the situation in southeast Asia. We are
certainly going headlong into something
which will lead to disaster and a war which
can be unending, and become a worldwide
conflagration. What has become Of Presi-
dent Kennedy's assertion, "that we do not
fear to negotiate but we will not negotiate
out of fear." The conference table is the
place of wisdom. I am convinced now be-
fore it is too late. Some way must be found
to organize minority opinion on this grave
matter. Can you get someone to take the
lead? Keep up your efforts.
Faithfully yours,
MELVIN ABSON,
Retired.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SENATOR: A foolish woman once
insulted you by saying you had been kicked
in the head by a horse. If I could offer one
suggestion for the future of American for-
eign policy, it would be: Find that horse and
set him loose in the Department of State.
I listened to your presentation on the ABC
television program "Issues and Answers"
earlier this afternoon and then tuned in the
NBC "Open Mind" program entitled "The
Crisis in Vietnam." In your half hour you
made more sense on Vietnam and southeast
Asia generally than the whole gang on "Open
Mind"-including a Princeton professor, a
pair of journalists (one foreign, one domes-
tic), a foreign policy scholar, and the Special
Assistant to the Secretary of State for Viet-
namese Affairs-were able to achieve in 60
dreary minutes. Particularly valuable was
your suggestion for combining a SEATO
peacekeeping force with an emergency United
Nations meeting, to be followed by a special
UN force in that troubled land. Here is a
way for us to oppose a Communist takeover
without resorting to a dime-store Machiavel-
lianism that flouts our charter commitments
to the United Nations, defies moral principle,
offends Africa and Asia and Latin America,
alarms our allies, tantalizes our enemies, and
threatens a nuclear holocaust.
Who can tell whether your suggestions
will be followed? I for one auk grateful that
they have been given,
Whether this Nation hears or- whether it
forebears, keep speaking up. Robert M. La
Follette, who came into the, Senate 60 years
15151
ago next Januray, had to entitle one chapter
of his autobiography "Alone in the Senate."
A giant can stand alone when necessary.
Persist.
Yours sincerely,
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am sending you
this page from the Cleveland Plain Dealer to
let you know that there are a good many
people throughout this country who think
as you do about the Vietnam question, and
who back you 100 percent in your effort to
prevent a war over there.
Keep on expressing yourself in this matter.
More power to you.
Sincerely,
[From the Cleveland Plain Dealer]
OPEN LETTER AD ASKS VIET NEGOTIATIONS
An open letter to the State Department,
signed by 69 Clevelanders from all walks of
life and urging negotiations instead of
stepped-up war in Vietnam, is published in
the Plain Dealer today as a paid advertise-
ment.
The letter's publication has been timed to
coincide with a foreign policy conference
here today in which the State and Defense
Departments are participating.
"The signatures are of those persons we
could readily reach within the last 10 days,"
said Sheldon D. Clark, Cleveland lawyer and
initiator of the open letter.
"In my talks with fellow Clevelanders it
was felt that a statement to the officials of
the two Departments at this time afforded
the best means of expressing ourselves as
forcibly as we know how," Clark said.
Scheduled to attend the all-day confer-
ence in Hotel Sheraton-Cleveland are George
W. Ball, Under Secretary of State, and John
T. McNaughtoil of.the Defense Department,
Acting Assistant Secretary for International
Affairs.
Among the signers of the open letter are
Dr. Benjamin Spook of Western Reserve Uni-
versity, an authority on child development;
the Reverend Alan J. Davis, pastor of Alders-
gate Methodist Church; the Reverend Dennis
0. Kuby, pastor of Unitarian Society of
Cleveland; Paul Olynyk of Penn College, an
advocate of a sane nuclear policy; Harold J.
Quigley, leader of the Cleveland Ethical
Society; Jack G. Day, lawyer, active in civil
rights cases; Sam Sponseller, retired labor
leader, and Oscar H: Steiner, businessman.
Money for the ad was raised by those who
signed the open letter, Clark said.
[From the Plain Dealer, June 18, 19641
AN OPEN LETTER TO THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
STATE-NEEDED: AN APPROACH To END THE
WAR IN VIETNAM
The United States is a foreign party to a
civil war in Vietnam, Fifteen thousand
U.S. uniformed personnel have been com-
mitted to the battle. Casualties include
American soldiers.
Acceleration of the American war effort in
South Vietnam invites increased aid by China
to the Communist Vietnamese. Stepping up
the war effort risks the use by either side of
nuclear arms. Nuclear war offers no victory.
What is the alternative?
Negotiation is urged by Senator Wayne
Morse, Senator Ernest Gruening, Columnist
Walter Lippmann and others. Recognizing it
takes both sides to make peace, we urge our
Government to initiate a conference of na-
tions to guarantee a neutral Vietnam. We
support U.S. efforts to insure enforcement of
agreements. The United Nations can assist
direct negotiation. Inspection teams must
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE July 1
be free to operate wherever needed. They
can be backed by frontier patrols. The best
guarantee of enforcement is the mutual ad-
vantage of the agreement. The goal Is a
Vietnam whose independence is guaranteed
and respected.
Robert R. Archer, Professor; Raymond
S. Beard, Business Counselor; Margue-
rite S. Bellamy, Housewife; Keith C.
Billman, Social Worker; Evelyn A.
Blackburn, Insurance Agent; Isabel N.
Bliss, Homemaker; William M. Bliss,
Engineer; Edith O. Brashares, College
Instructor; Edwin A. Brown, Minister;
Rilma Buckman, Sociologist; Bronson
P. Clark, Businessman; Sheldon D.
Clark, Lawyer; Lila Cornell, Home-
maker; Marie F. Cotton, Homemaker;
Wendell P. Cotton, Salesman; Natalie
C. Crouter, Housewife; Elfrieda S. Dai-
ber, Secretary; Alan J. Davis, Minister;
Hortense M. Davis, Teacher; Jack G.
Day, Lawyer; Steven Deutsch, Univer-
sity Faculty; Mort Epstein, Designer;
Gail R. Gann, Homemaker; Donald S.
Gann, Surgeon; Joel M. Garver, Law-
yer; Paul Gitlin, Social Worker; Henry
Gluck, Psychologist; William F. Hell-
muth, Jr., professor; Arnold A. Herzog,
Lawyer; Fred Husa, Office Worker; Sid-
ney D. Josephs, Businessman; Mrs.
Harry Kirtz, Homemaker; Waldo H.
Kliever, Consultant; Dennis G. Kuby,
Minister; Jerome Landfield, College
Professor; Ada N. Leffingwell, Home-
maker; George Levinger, Educator;
John P. Marhevka, Male Hair Stylist;
Mrs. Edward A. Marshall, Homemaker;
Charles R. Miller, Lawyer; Paul I. Mil-
ler, Professor; Hans F, Mueller, Retired;
Laura Mueller, Homemaker; Sarah B.
Nenner, Housewife; James M. Newman,
Advertising; Paul Olynyk, Professor;
Clyde Onyett, Public Relations; Wil-
liam W. Outland, Order Analyst; Sam-
uel Prellwitz, Industrial Research;
Harold J. Quigley, Minister; Willard C.
Richan, Educator; Eldon P. Roe, Mer-
chant; Marian Rosenberg, Social
Worker; Ralph Rudd, Lawyer; Audrey
8abadosh, Librarian; Nicholas Saba-
dosh, Teacher; Wilmer L. Satterthwait,
Painter; Vera A. Schwartz, Legal Secre-
tary; A. L. Sherwin, Lawyer; Frank
Spigel, Lawyer; Benjamin Spock, Phy-
sician; Sam Sponseller, Retired; Vera
Smisek, Teacher; Oscar H. Steiner,
Businessman; Helen Stewart, High
School Counselor; Edward A. Taubert,
Photographer; Warren E. Thompson,
Educator; Hugh Tyson, Graduate Stu-
dent; Harry O. Way, Bacteriologist.
(This statement paid for by the signers.)
LITTLE Rocs, ARK.,
June 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: May I express my
deep appreciation for the position you have
consistently taken on the Vietnam situa-
tion? It seems you are oneof very few in the
Senate who have taken this position, yet I
believe most of the American people stand
with you.
It seems, sometimes, that the administra-
tion has been goaded into its position by
the Birchites, etc. It can't be good politics
and it certainly is not good foreign policy.
The U.N. may have some business there but
not the United States. If these people are to
be saved from communism what are they to
be saved for? Another Madame Nhu?
In our country's foreign policy does every
other country have to be either capitalist
or Communist? What's wrong with letting
them decide. If they decide to try some
socialistic form of government then that is
their business. I simply cannot subscribe to
the thinking that our system is synonymous
with right and that their system is synony-
mous with wrong. Why do we want to
keep on being ugly Americans in the eyes
of most of the citizens of the world? We
have been unsuccessful In making law-abid-
ing citizens out of Mississippians (and oth-
ers). Who do we think we are in telling
southeast Asia how to live? A war there
may never be lost but it Is certain it would
never be won.
Please coyltinue to do all In your power
to let the President and others In positions of
responsibility know what you think is right
for America during these times.
In appreciation,
TED H. CRABTREE,
P.S. My typing Is at least as good as my
spelling.
ALLEGAN, MICH., June 26, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Have seen you
many times on TV but the issue of the Viet-
nam war June 25 was right to the point; we
are all with you here. Why do they use this
issue as a political football during this elec-
tion campaign? We are certainly losing
ground on all- America was founded on.
Don't we have enough red-blooded American
Senators that would take a stand with you?
Have you ever thought of running for the
Presidency? I believe you would do a good
job for us-would like to see more of you on
TV.
JUNE 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: YOU are right in
everything you said about the war in Viet-
nam. This is a United Nations and SEATO
problem-not ours. We have no business
policing Asia. My son is over there and I
want him home. I hope you win your point
and I am not alone. I can produce dozens
of families that feel as I do. We are stick-
ing our nose into other people's troubles and
have enough of our own. God bless you.
PATRICIA M. FRAZER.
P.S.-I saw you on "Today Show" this a.m.
You were wonderful but makes my heart
bleed to think of another war.
BROOKLYN, N.Y., June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: So many of my
friends and I want to commend you on your
stand on "our" war in Vietnam and Laos.
There is enough to work for here at home
besides interfering in civil wars on the other
side of the world.
Keep up the good work.
With best wishes,
Sincerely,
Mrs. FRANCES G. BERLIN.
JUNE 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your appearance on
the "Today" show, Thursday, June 24 was
sensational. I wish every man and woman
in America could have heard you. In the
past I have seldom agreed with you, but to-
day I stood up at my breakfast table and
cheered. Thank you, sir.
Mrs. E. J. KESSLER.
JUNE 26, 1964.
Senator MORSE.
DEAR SIR: After hearing you talk on the
"Today" show, June 25, I just want to tell you
what you said makes sense in my opinion.
I hope and pray that more Congressmen take
the same position.
On the "Today" show they announced after
your interview that Senator CHURcH would
be on the next day to give a different view
of the situation but after hearing Senator
CHURCH this morning it seems to me that
he has just about the same opinion of the
situation in southeast' Asia that you have.
With all the problems in this country that
we don't seem to be able to cope with I don't
think we should be over on the other side
of the world trying to solve problems.
Jack Lescoulie on the "Today" show said it
was surprising to him that people didn't
seem to know or care about this problem we
have taken ori'as ours in southeast Asia, of
course those are not his exact words but that
was the general idea he was talking about.
It is a shame that more of our people can-
not be awakened to the need to be actively
interested in what their lawmakers are doing.
I am very thankful to the "Today" show for
trying to help in this matter.
Sincerely,
Mrs. GLADYS BRANDHUBER.
SAN DIEGO, CALIF.,
June 24, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I agree with your
position opposing the present involvement
of the United States in Southeast Asia and
further extension of such involvement.
I urge you to carry your opposition and
viewpoint aggressively to the people via every
means of communication possible. It is only
such voices as yours that can prevent the
United States from further violation of in-
ternational law and treaties.
Respectfully yours,
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., June 24, 1964.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wish to express
my sincere gratitude for your courageous
efforts in opposing our Government's policy
in South Vietnam.
Your vocal expressions are the only opti-
mistic note in this unbelievable mess.
Mrs. ALLAN F. SKLADER.
GRAND HAVEN, MICH.,
June 24, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE, -
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I surely agree with your talk
over the "Today" program on the talk you
gave over the air. You are a 100-percent
American and you are certainly right on your
Red China stand.
Stop and think what it will mean to have
any war of any kind.
Keep up the good work.
Respectfully yours,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I heard you this morning on
"Today" and I think you are absolutely right,
It is an outrage to send our boys to be killed
in Asia. We stick our noses in too many
countries and the money we pour into Com-
munist countries is outrageous. If I had a
son, I think I would rather he died a natural
death than to send him to Vietnam. Do keep
up your work and try and curb the ridiculous
spending of life and money outside of the
United States.
Sincerely,
HELEN STIRTSMAN.
P.S.-My husband was mayor of Plainfield
in 1929 and judge of the district court; were
he alive, he would agree with you.
CLEVELAND, OHIO,
June 24, 1964.,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: My husband and I
have just finished listening to you on the
"Today" television show. We are so grateful
to find we still have a statesman in our Gov-
ernment, and not just all individuals striv-
ing for their own political gain.
I have never been able to understand why
the world seemed to condone the fact that
we got up in arms when Cuba based another
country's warmaking machinery on Cuba's
soil, when the United States Is parked on
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practically everyone's doorstep. This to me
is just not fair reasoning.
We have two sons serving in the Armed
Forces at the present time. One a young
ensign an the U.S.S. Dominant, in the Medi-
terranean, and the other a private first class,
in Germany. Our young next door neighbor
is now in Valley Forge Hospital from injuries
received in Vietnam, so these scattered "bon-
fires" are very real to us.
If there is anything that you know of that
average citizens can do to help you get this
problem into the United Nations and on into
the right channels, we shall be very glad to
help.
Thank you again for sharing your en-
lightened wisdom with us.
Very truly yours,
KATHRYN BROADMAN
Mrs. David Broadman.
EXCELSIOR, MINN., June 25, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE B. MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I Just Want to
tell you how gratifying it was to hear your
brave words on the "Today" program this
morning. I agree with every word you said,
and I only wish that your voice could reach
the White House and the State Department.
Sending General Taylor as Ambassador to
Vietnam is certainly not a step toward peace.
,1ncerely,
Mrs. PAUL F. KIESEL.
WITHER, Was., June 25, 1964.
Senator W. MORSE,
U.S. Senate.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have just heard
your wonderful talk on the "Today" program
over NBC. I heartily agree that our boys
should not be in Vietnam. A little 4-year-
old said to me "if you vote for a Democrat it
means war." How can we change that pic-
ture and idea? I have voted Democratic since
F.D.R. and I would like to be proud of my
party, but how when we do the things that
you outlined in your talk. May you have the
courage, money, and stamina to keep airing
these views.
My heart is in this. I have a son leaving
for Korea in July.
,Sincerely,
Mrs. MARTIN KESKIMAKI.
UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH,
Pittsburgh, Pa., June 25,1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have a feeling that
yours must be a bitter and lonely lot-now
in the first aftermath of the Asian crisis
and your sublime response to it. I put these
few words on paper because I hope to dilute
by an infinitesimal amount the abuse prob-
ably inflicted on you. I hope that you un-
derstand that at least In the academic com-
munities that you are a prophet with honor.
Also that yours is not the ephemeral kind
that comes and goes with political cam-
paigns. It is of the type that will be deeply
engraven In the records of the history of
our times. I do not and cannot speak for
the existing guild of historians, but I have
sufficient experience to know that if there
is a future-better than radioactive debris,
you will be recorded as one of its major
achievers. You may be pleased to know
that at least among my colleagues, each
new crisis evoked by our insane stance leads
us to say, almost instinctively that "Sen-
ator MORSE will take a stand."
I with that there was some simple, direct
way to convey to you the admiration that
I feel for your discharge of your high office.
Were I a deeply religious person, it could
be put as: "Thank God for WAYNE MORSE."
As it is, there is only the statement, the
historian# will ,write your name in the lot
of those who deserved the most of the coun-
trymen.
Respectfully,
ROBERT G. COLODNY,
Associate Professor, History.
FORT WAYNE, IND.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SIR: Heard part of your discussion
of South Vietnam and southeast Asia and
TV this morning in answer to questions by
newscasters.
Most erudite, most reasonable, most log-
ical, and factual discussion I have heard
and the most authoritative devoid of emo-
tionalism and politics.
It was also a brave explanation. You
will be accused of everything and a lesser
light might even be accused of aiding the
Communists if he had said the things you
did.
Also, your solutions are based on the
Christian spirit of which our country boasts.
I want to say that I wish we had more
men and women fearless enough and intel-
ligent enough and moral enough to fight
for the things in southeast Asia and our
role there as you have done.
HINSDALE, ILL., June 25, 1964.
Hon. Senator MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Congratulations on
your position and public statement relative
to the Vietnam situation.
It is indeed disturbing in time of peace,
in a country In which "only Congress shall
declare war," to have our Communist rid-
dled State Department "arrange the war,"
as I firmly believe they also did with Japan
prior to Pearl Harbor.
Is China such a threat to Russia that our
pink darlings feel that it is our duty to
take them "off the hook," or are they afraid
that if Russia became entangled with China,
that the Red satellites may get an oppor-
tunity to free themselves?
For God's sakb, do all possible to put the
management of our country back in the
hands of our representatives, and out of the
hands of our damnable State Department.
Again, my thanks for men of your courage.
Sincerely,
Los ANGELES, CALlS'.,
June 28, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: It was very good
hearing you today on "Issues and Answers."
Thank you for representing the American
people's side on the war in Vietnam.
With all good and kind wishes.
LUCILLE OSTON.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate.
DEAR SIR: I would like to thank you for
your courageous stand on South Vietnam.
Most people that I know think it is a messy
situation, but say they don't know enough to
write or sign petitions. There is a news-
blackout here, and your views are not heard.
Continue the good work.
MISS CHARLOTTE GRANT.
PITTSBURGH, PA.,
June 28, 1964.
Mr. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senator.
SIR AND GENTLEMAN: According to Pitts-
burgh Press, "Washington Calling," column,
15'1
June 28, 1964, printed the following state-
ment: "Senator WAYNE MORSE, Oregon Demo-
crat, who disagrees with administration's
Vietnam policy, is getting close attention
from Communist news agencies. When he
said he was convinced 'the greatest threat
to the peace of the world is the United
States,' the Communists broadcast his re-
mark."
Mr. WAYNE MORSE, when I enter the voting
booth I vote independently of party labels
or tags. But I do say, and have said ever
since World War I, that the United States,
as today's reading of events and actions
since World War I, to the present day and
time proves such a charge as most correct
in all details. And, Mr. MORSE, you don't
have to be a Communist to see that.
Instead of maintaining and expanding not
only our respectability and leadership among
the nations of the world's people, we as a
nation have, and are, becoming a nation
that is despised and hated by the world's
exploited, robbed, and murdered peoples,
that was and is being accelerated by the
hour, by and through the "cloak and dagger"
organization-the CIA.
Our Constitution which may not be the
acme and omega of perfection, nevertheless,
is being torn asunder and our personal
liberties being obliterated one by one, every
day. We do not legislate by law today. We
legislate by committees, witch hunters, and
inquisition, and thereby traveling the very
same highway that Rome trod, and will meet
the same destruction.
In other words, we are fiddling while the
United States burns.
In closing, be prepared to be maligned,
ridiculed, slandered, and reviled, even im-
peached, if not murdered, if you stand by
your guns, which is a fact.
America as a country, is great, grand, and
beautiful. But surely Is badly managed.
And the present management better soon
be changed to a better one. Or there won't
be anything worth, or too manage.
I have been watching--and remonstrat-
ing-at the hypocritical, wasteful destruc-
tion of this country's resources and produced
wealth since the year 1884 and the only
difference from then to now is we are travel-
ing down the slope to chaos faster than logs
down a mountainside.
These are times that try men's souls.
Are you and some others just summer sol-
diers, or are you made up of the materials
that stand the heat of battle? I hope so,
but time will tell.
Most respectfully yours,
CHAS. A. FRANCIS.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I heard you on TV
Sunday and I want you to know how whole-
heartedly I agree with you on foreign policy
and especially on the trouble in Vietnam.
I was alarmed when I read in the New
York Times this morning that President
Johnson said in Minneapolis that the United
States, "when necessary," would not hesi-
tate to "risk war" to preserve the peace.
In my opinion that would be no peace.
Thank you for the wonderful work you
are doing in the Senate. I only wish there
were many more like you, Senator HuM-
PHREY and Senator FULBRIGHT, and others.
Very sincerely yours,
MISS HERTHA LINGG.
ELIZABETH, N.J.,
June 28, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I just heard WABC's
"Issues and Answers" and several weeks ago,
I watched WCBS's "Face the Nation." I am
certainly pleased that somebody in your
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE July 1
position has the "guts" to expound your
philosophy of foreign policy even though
many of your colleagues will not publicly ap-
prove of your comments and evaluations. I
certainly agree with practically everything
you mentioned on both programs. I am not
too sure that the United Nations is the com-
plete solution, however, I feel it would be
superior to the current U.S. unilateral mil-
itary action in Vietnam and elsewhere, in-
cluding the U.S. planes in Laos.
It is comforting to know that we share the
same opinions on the use of volunteers in
McNamara's war, using SEATO allies in a
peacekeeping role in Vietnam and the real-
ization that the Vietnam puppets "we" set up
are not"as effective as the Nhu family. It
was certainly a shame to see Madame Nhu's
predictions about coups, etc., during her
visit to the United States last year, become
tragic realities several months later.
I am quite concerned about the outcome
of the Far Eastern situation since I have very
dear friends in the Philippines who occa-
sionally travel in Thailand, Japan, etc. on
U.N., Philippine Government and Philippine
atomic energy matters. However, I repeat
that I feel the U.S. actions are wrong and
illegal.
Sincerely yours,
JAMBS S. MCKARNS.
NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.,
June 29, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE: With General Tay-
lor going to South Vietnam it can mean one
thing only.
I would like to know why Americans are
the only ones sent to Vietnam?
Why are not other countries trying to
help out over there?
Generals want war to add to their glory,
but the mothers, wives and sweethearts of
the American men do not want war.
Can you do something to stop the war-
mongers from exploiting our men over there.
We have lost too many men already.
Thank you for your consideration,
J. MIMNAUGH.
idealsof the Democratic Party and have long
voted for its candidates, my family and I
have been greatly disappointed in the policy
being used in the Far East. We have had a
part in and have seen what happens in war,
especially since the Second World War, and
we believe in and support as we can the
United Nations with all its operations as our
best hope for the world. We have never been
able to understand why the United States
has not tried the United Nations for the
Far Eastern troubles. We hope that there
Is still a chance for President Johnson to
change his course and try. Surely, at this
point, he is carrying us more slowly than
the Republicans would, but nevertheless, into
war without trying the United Nations' ma-
chinery for keeping the peace.
Thank you again for your remarks today.
I am writing our great Senator, PAUL H.
DOUGLAS, to this effect.
Respectfully yours,
RUTH M. FELTON
Mrs. Ruth M. Felton.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Among many other
concerned Americans I am deeply grateful to
you for your forthright questioning of our
self-defeating un-American policies in
southeast Asia. It is hard for me to under-
stand how our Government can be so short-
sighted as to believe that our prestige and
influence in Asia can be increased by policies
of a sort that were discredited even before
World War II. and which--as you note-
have been declared illegal under a variety
of International agreements.
Has it ever occurred to you that by desig-
nating our regional alliances as specifically
against "Communist" aggression and ex-
pansion that we have unconsciously repro-
duced the pre-World War II Axis "anti-
Comintern Pact"? The U.S. Government
condemned this Axis Pact as designed to hide
their own aggressive and expansionist aims.
I very much fear that our own anti-Commu-
nist pacts seem similarly aggressive and ex-
pansionist to many governments which re-
ject communism for their own societies.
During the formation of the SEATO, for ex-
ample, the Asian governments deplored the
U.S. emphasis on military force to "contain
communism" and urged policies for economic
development.
I am venturing to enclose some letters to
the Times I've written on this Issue. Some
have been published, some not. Our Gov-
ernment's distortions of the record are truly
shocking. Please keep pressing the issue.
We, the American people, seem increasingly
to be pushed into the role of robot-rather
than the informed electorate on which our
democracy rests.
With appreciation.
Sincerely,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senior Senator of Oregon,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: It was with great interest
that I listened to your statements on today's
"Issues and Answers." I share your opinion
concerning our actions in southeast Asia
100 percent and I hope that enough people
will have listened to you so that they snap
out of their blind indifference and compla-
cency to tolerate the brinkmanship of the
Pentagon.
I understand that the Senate has the right
to vote for or against the appointment of an
ambassador. Why then don't you show
through your vote that you disapprove
strongly this newest move of appointing the
Chief of Staff of our military forces to an
ambassadorship, a move which throughout
the world can have only one meaning? I
suppose that Senator FULBRXGHT has similiar
views.
If you two and some other reasonable men
who like you, watch with deep concern our
slithering into a new war, would take an
energetic stand maybe it could stop Mr.
Johnson to put his trust so completely in
Mr. McNamara.
Very sincerely yours, -
Lours F. LucAS,
GLENVIEW, ILL.,
June 28. 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
remarks on the television program, "Issues
and Answers," today. While we believe in the
APRIL 17, 1964.
To the EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK TIMES:
A Times' editorial (April 16), headed "Blood
Sport" began: "A deranged youth steps out
on an Albany hotel ledge. Twelve stories
below, crowds urge him to jump. Not to a
net's safety. To death. What kind of people
can become such a mob? How can adults
yell 'chicken' and 'yellow' to another hu-
man dangling on the lip of danger?"
Yes. But a more urgent question is how
can some of our leading citizens cry chicken
to our Government and urge it to carry out
bombing attacks against North Vietnam?
How can our Government, in effect, say
yellow to the Vietnamese who want a U.S.-
maintained fratricidal slaughter stopped?
Not long ago the Times published a wirephoto
from South Vietnam showing a small child
hideously burned by napalm supplied by the
United States, and dropped from a U.S.-sup-
plied plane, piloted by a young American.
Many of our most respected citizens tell us
we must continue such activities or lose
prestige. Others calmly debate whether a
bombing attack against North Vietnam would
be good or bad as an election gimmick.
The Times editorial concluded: "Disregard
for another's life-by inertia or, worse, by
goading-takes civilized people back to the
cave. Does the attitude of that Albany mob
bespeak a way of life for many Americans?
If so, the bell tolls for all of us."
The Times says it better than I can, but
it addresses its feeling of shock at the gnat.
The lesser evil. It is the camel, national pol-
icy, that is truly frightening. If disregard
for human life is ugly for the man-in-the-
street, it is infinitely uglier at the level of
national policy. Whether consciously or un-
consciously our attitudes are influenced by
those of our Nation's leaders. Our leaders
have chosen the caveman's club, rather than
the civilized men's tools of negotiation, ar-
bitration, conciliation. In Vietnam our
whole nation is the mob. And the bell is
tolling.
JuNE 15, 1964.
To the EDrroa of the NEW YORK TIMES:
In his column of June 3, C.. L. Sulzberger
declared that the SEATO alliance was no help
in carrying out U.S. policy in Vietnam, and
concluded that: "We must therefore face the
problem of salvaging our Indochina crisis on
the basis of what we consider right * * *.
In southeast Asia we must honor our com-
mitments and respect our interest."
Most Americans would surely agree with
Mr. Sulzberger that the U.S. Government
should "honor our commitments." The diffi-
culty is that by now the U.S. Government has
made so many directly conflicting commit-
ments that it literally cannot be faithful to
all of them.
The United States is committed, under the
U.N. Charter, not to use force save in the
common interest. No U.N. resolution has
ever requested, or authorized, U.S. military
aid in South Vietnam.
The U.S. Government was further com-
mitted by the Geneva Accord of 1964 not to
send modern military equipment, not to send
additional military advisers, and certainly
not to send 16,000 "miscellaneous military,
many of them to actual combat, disguised as
"advisers." Mr. Sulzberger actually quotes
the late Secretary of State Dulles as telling
him, in February 1955 that: "The Geneva
* * * accord bars the importation into Indo-
china of new military aid. The United States
of America can't increase the number of its
military advisers."
The United States was, at least monfly,
committed to accept the result of a nation-
wide election to be held throughout Viet-
nam in 1956. The United States backed the
decision of Ngo Dinh Diem not to held the
election.
The United States was committed to sup-
port Diem as the "legally elected President of
the Republic of Vietnam." When Diem was
was overthrown by a military coup-with at
least indirect encouragement from the
United States, the United States at once com-
mitted itself to the new regime. When that
regime was overthrown by another military
coup the United States at once committed
itself to it.
Increasingly since late 1960, the U.S. Gov-
ernment has committed itself to the war
effort in South Vietnam. Of all the com-
mitments this appears to be the one the U.S.
Government chooses to honor.
Is a commitment to a war effort in Vietnam
the sort of commitment Americans in gen-
eral would choose to honor above prior com-
mitments to seek solutions by negotiation,
arbitration, mediation, and by techniques
spelled out in the U.N. Charter.
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1964 CROON'` RESSIONAL REC RD - S`NAT
In a presidential election year, in a democ-
racy, isn't this the sort of question that
should be 4ebated?
HELEN MEARS.
RUSK DISPUTED ON VIETNAM-GENEVA AccoRDs
FORBID INDEPENDENT ENTITY IN SOUTH,
WRITER STATES
To the EDITOR .OF THE l`lEw YORK TIMES:
. In his press conference .(the Times, Nov. 9)
Secretary of State Rusk, responding to a
question about Vietnam, said: "The other
side was fully committed-fully committed-
in the original Geneva settlement of 1954
to the arrangements, which provided for
South Vietnam as an independent entity."
This is a puzzling statement. The record
.seems to prove that not only did the Geneva
agreements of 1954 not provide for South
Vietnam as an. Independent entity, but ex-
pressly forbade such a development. Article
6 of the final declaration says of Vieti;am
that "the military demarcation line should
not in any way be interpreted as constituting
a political or territorial boundary * * ^:'
The 17th parallel was chosen merely as a
cease-fire line to, separate the opposing mili-
tary forces.
The agreements specifically provided that
'Vietnam should be unified by nationwide
elections in 1956. These facts are acknowl-
edged in a State Department pamphlet "A
Threat to the Peace," published in December
1961, which gives the U.S. official position
about the. Vietnam problem at that time.
The pamphlet explains why the Diem gov-
ernment refused to carry out the agreement
to hold the scheduled election, and why the
U.S. Government backed Diem's position.
The State Department wrote: "It was the
Communists' calculation that , nationwide
elections scheduled in the, accords for 1956
would turn all of Vietnam over to them.
It is profoundly disturbing to find our own
Government rewriting history. It is not easy
to see how our Government can encourage
adherence to international agreements by
ignoring them.
HELEN MEARS.
NEW YORK, November 11, 1963.
VIETNAM WITHDRAWAL URGED-EVENTS BE-
LIEVED To INDICATE NEITHER LEADERS NOR
PEOPLE WANT OUR HELP
To THE EDITOR. OF THE. NEW YORK TIMES:
Reporting to the House Armed Services
Committee on January 27, Secretary of De-
fense McNamara said:
"In the case of South Vietnam our help
1s clearly wanted, and we are deeply engaged
in supporting the Vietnamese Government
and people in their war against the Commu-
nist Vietcong."
Surely. Secretary McNamara meant to say
"our help is clearly not wanted," for almost
as he was speaking the Government which
presumably wanted "our help" to keep fight-
ing was overthrown by another military coup,
and the fines reported this event in head-
lines which read: "Vietnam Junta Ousted by
Military ~}issidents Who Fear 'Neutralism,' "
In other words, the generals whom our
Government supported in their coup to re-
place the Diem government which was be-
ginning to "flirt with neutralism" began in
turn to incline toward the same policy. If
anything seems "clear" in this grim situation
it Is that our Government is finding it in-
creasingly difficult to find even military lead-
ers who "clearly want our help" to continue
their fratricidal strife.
.As for the Vietnamese people, it has never
been their war. If reports in the Times (and
:our newsweeklies) have made anything
clear, it is that the Vietnamese people have
'supported the war so little that a ,ruthless
policy of forcing them into fortified villages
'was introduced to prevent them from help-
ing the guerrilla fighters. And the so-called
Vietcong may, or may not be Communists,
or pro-Communist, but they are unquestion-
ably Vietnamese..
,ACK OF OUTCRY
The situation in Vietnam is so unworthy
of us that the apparent lack of popular out-
cry against it suggests a condition of in-
difference and moral callousness few of us
would have believed possible only a few
years ago. It is this growing apathy and
callousness that is the true enemy of the
"values we hold dear."
The U.S. Government should at once pre-
sent the problem of Vietnam to the U.N. Se-
curity Council, and should withdraw our
military advisers and stop providing millions
of dollars a day to keep a war going.
If our leadership means only destruction
and death for the people who live in distant
areas our commentators call "strategic real
estate," our Nation will go down in history
as just another rampaging great power,
self-convinced that our might makes right.
And it will not be the Communists who will
have betrayed us. It will have been our-
selves.
HELEN MEARS.
NEW YORK, January 31, 1964.
AFRICAN-AMERICAN
HERITAGE ASSOCIATION,
Chicago, Ill., June 24, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
HONORABLE SIR: Our association has di-
rected that we commend you on your firm
and critical stand against the policies of our
Government in Vietnam and southeast Asia.
Our organization associates itself with you
in the proposition (1) that the role of our
Government played in the South Vietnamese
situation endangers world peace and the
whole of mankind itself; (2) should be im-
mediately referred to the United Nations.
Moreover, Sir, we think it strange that the
Government of the United States can involve
itself In police action for "freedom in South
Vietnam" and cannot involve itself In Mis-
sissippi and the Southern States with police
action to preserve freedom, the Bill of Rights,
and the right of every citizen to vote. We
are certain that Afro-Americans, people of
African descent, colonial peoples everywhere
look with grave misgivings on this strange
contradiction. We are certain that more
and more democratic-minded people every-
where will question the role of our Govern-
ment and the American people as represent-
ing a nation devoted to preserving freedom
and democracy in the world.
A copy of this letter in suport of your
views is being forwarded to the President of
the United States and to the Representatives
in Congress. We urge you to hold fast and
endure to the end that our Nation and its
people not become the perpetrators of a
world thermonuclear war.
Yours truly,
ISHMAEL FLORY,
Director of Organization.
(Cc: Lyndon Johnson, President of the
United States, Washington, D.C., Robert F.
Kennedy, Attorney General of the United
States, Washington, D.C.; Senators Paul
Douglas and Everett Dirksen; Congressmen
William L. Dawson, Charles Diggs, Augustus
Hawkins, Robert Nix, Adam Powell.)
JUNE 25, 1964.
DEAR SIR: Heard you on the "Today" show
this morning. You voice the stand that
I have thought we should take. What can
we do to stop the present program? Are
we big enough to say we made a mistake?
E.J.D.
NORTH HOLLYWOOD, CALIF.
DEAR SIR: How Wonderful your stand on
Vietnam-saw you on TV program "Today."
I thoroughly concur with you and hope for
15155
more Americans to know the truth about
this.
NEW YORK CITY, N.Y.
Thank God for Senators like you and
the work you are doing toward stopping
the horrible war in Vietnam.
Mrs. EsTHER METLIZ.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: At a meeting of 100
women held at Mapleton Park Synagogue,
Brooklyn, on June 25, 1964, it was firmly
stated that we agree wholeheartedly with
your stand on Vietnam. We should never
have gone there. We urge your further
demonstration of good will to bring our
boys home and negotiate a peace through
the U.N.
GLENDALE, CALIF., June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: You were great on Today
NBC program subject of the President's pri-
vate war in southeast Asia. But many think
the king can do wrong, another F.D.R. image
and look where its got us?
You should have been a Republican-yes-
we shoot at Communists over there and
coddle them here at home. Speak at colleges,
etc.
Yours truly,
JUNE 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: I agree with everything you
said about our policy in Asia, on the
"Today" show.
Glad to hear you express your opinion.
We need more like you in the Government.
Hope others who agree with you, will write
you. As I am sure you will hear from the
GOLDWATER followers, and Pentagon friends.
Keep talking.
Very truly,
Mrs. MILTON H. ROGERS.
OAK PARK, MICH.
DEAR SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: We agree
with you that President Johnson has no
power to make or declare war in Vietnam
but only Congress has.
We heard you on the "Today" program,
June 25, 1964, and thank you for telling us
the best way to settle the Vietnam situation
Is in the United Nations as I and most Amer-
ican people I am sure agree. We want peace
and not men killed-that is what the United
Nations is for.
MARY and SOL HAMMERSTEIN.
DEAR SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: Thank you
for expressing the truth on the "Today" pro-
gram on TV channel 4, on June 25, 1964.
It is indeed unconstitutional to have a
President of United States make war or de-
clare war instead of Congress. We do not
want war and have American boys killed in
Vietnam. We want things settled peacefully
in the United Nations.
Thank you,
Mr. and Mrs. ABE GOLDBERG.
JUNE 26, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: We listened to your bril-
liant speech on South Vietnam on "Today"
TV. It is refreshing to have a Democrat pick
flaws in the present administration's policy
with concrete knowledge of our Constitution.
We don't want another Korea, or Bay of Pigs
mistake.
If we are at war let Congress declare it.
Am proud that our 18-year-old son enlisted
in World War II-as did his father in World
War I-both after Congress declared war.
We try to help other countries, yet are
blind to our own small civil war.
Respectfully,
H. BRICE.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE July 1
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: It was good to hear
your strong voice in opposition to the Viet-
nam war. I have been disturbed over it
from the beginning and feel powerless to do
anything about it. I agree thoroughly with
you.
Sincerely,
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Keep up your vehe-
ment protest against stepped-up, undeclared
dirty war in Vietnam where American casu-
alty list enlarges daily.
Show up the wickedness of a statement
from some underling in authority in Wash-
ington that no protection assured to those
brave young people helping to register in
Mississippi, followed that day or next by
total disappearance of three heroic young
people. Place Army where needed.
JUNE 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: Confucius Said the first
step toward peace and order is "to rectify the
names"-to call things for what they are-a
spade a spade, a thief a thief, etc.
We are greatly encouraged by your bold-
ness in calling a spade a spade and war-
mongering war-mongering. For the future
your country and the future of mankind, we
hope you will continue to do it just as you
are doing.
Our sincerest support for your effort.
Dr. and Mrs. HAROLD BASS.
FRIDAY, JUNE 26, 1964.
We are backing your stand to get out of
Vietnam. Keep the good work up. Good
luck and best wishes.
The DORSDY FAMILY.
TUCSON, ARIZ.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: My congratulations
to you for the courage you have shown in
speaking out on the situation in Vietnam.
JUNE 25.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I deeply appreciated
your thought-provoking statements on TV
this morning and am thoroughly in accord
with them. Many women in Maryland will
agree with you.
LAURA C. A. LA For.
TACOMA, WASH., June 24,1964.
DEAR SENATOR: Cheers for your statement
re U.S. position as the world's No. 1 war-
monger.
The recent statements made by the admin-
istration regarding increasing the war Is
quite frightening. I urge you to do all you
can to influence more Senators to your post-
TACOMA, WASH.
Senator WAYNE MORSE: I congratulate you
on the courage and good sense you have
shown on the Vietnam situation.
I fear though that there will not be
enough to take the stand you have taken.
You have never done, in my opinion, what
was expedient but dared to do what you
LUSBOCK, TEx.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We heard you on
the "Today" program this morning and we
think you axe 100 percent right and under
God, why we the people are sitting idly by, I
do not understand.
Please make a speech on TV and rally the
people behind you. Another mistake John-
son made is appointing Earl Warren to head
the committee on the President's death and
now sending Dulles to Mississippi.
Mr. and Mrs. HENDRIx.
DEAR SENATOR: We fully agree with you in
stating that the United States should stay
out of Vietnam and to try and prevent war
and leave the problem up to the United Na-
tions. Our community are all for your
statements.
THE 85 CLUB.
GLOVERSVILLE, N.Y., June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Congress, Washington, D.C.
This morning I heard you on channel 6
about 8 a.m. Your voice was expressed
truthfully against our policy in Asia. I think
I should rush to tell you I support you 100
percent. I am going to send a card to the
President and tell him I support you and
hope he changes the policy to give the U.N.
the case.
Sincerely,
CLAREMONT, CALIF., June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I lived in Peiping 1916-40. I
heard you on "Today." We sure agree with
you 100 percent. Keep talking and good luck.
FLORA WILSON.
PALO ALTO, CALIF., June 23, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I support your efforts
to have United States find new approaches to
southeast Asia problems-and I support you
in your opposition to unilateral military
power that short-circuits the United Nations
or other international means for peaceful,
creative solution to these problems.
Sincerely,
OLIVER HENDERSON., M.D.
STOCKTON, CALIF., June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
SIR: Congratulations on your Vietnam
speech.
What can we do to help you?
WILDA HUFFMAN,
California State Democratic Central
Committee, President, Democratic
Women's Club.
JUNE 28,1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We support and
commend your position regarding our in-
volvement in Vietnam. It is time more of us
expressed our opinions on this vital issue.
We feel sure that many other Americans
think as you do.
Sincerely,
Mr. and Mrs. PAUL KERBER.
ALVIN, TEX.
DEAR MR. MORSE: Thank you for speaking
or peace. I have wondered for a long time
what my boys and others could do about
peace and dying in Vietnam. It seems that
we all want to know more good reasons for
dying in Vietnam. The climate would kill
a lot. Let's settle the problems without
NEW YORK, N.Y.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I want to express my apprecia-
tion for your stand regarding the involve-
ment of the United States in South Vietnam.
Respectfully,
I. MARTIN.
killing our boys.
Thanks.
LAMONI, IOWA.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your "Today" ap-
pearance was good. You presented our case
well. I agree with all you said, sir. And
I urge you to continue saying it with the
same clarity and reason and restraint and
hard-hitting truth and patriotism that you
showed in your "Today" appearance.
Perhaps the policies in Asia are devices
to last through election; but the danger is
that they will get out of hand, or into the
wrong hands-and we may not be able to
stem the tide. Even, without that, to play
politics with the lives of men seems very
wrong. But it is probably no bluff-and
we need your voice-and that of other good
liberals or we may well lose the respect of
the world.
Truly, and with great thanks,
GLADYS MARTIN.
WEST PALM BEACH, FLA.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
HONORABLE SIR: Heard you this morning
over the "Today" program. Very thankful we
have a Senator like you. I am very much
in agreement with your convictions. And
the average U.S. citizen is also, I believe.
The layman is discussing, and seriously, poli-
tics, these days and the present adminis-
tration would be surprised at the amount
of commonsense he has
I am neither a Democrat or from Oregon,
but heartiyl endorse your standpoint on this
issue (Vietnam).
Respectfully yours,
Mrs. GRACE CLOER.
DEAR SIR: I'm glad to hear your views on
Vietnam on TV. I agree with you. I've lived
in Japan for 2 years, the news there presents
only the views of the ad13linistration, yet I've
only talked to one person who believed we
ought to be in Vietnam. I would like to
hear interviews of the common soldier, both
for and against the war in Vietnam. I've
heard them, but never see them in print.
Mrs. D. R. NIcHOLS.
JUNE 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I heard that you will
oppose confirmation of General Taylor as
Ambassador to Vietnam. Thank God for a
few like you.
I asked Senator HART to send me the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD just so I can follow
what you and your friends are saying about
Laos and Vietnam. I told him why, too.
Yours respectfully,
Mrs. MILDRED FRANKLIN.
DEAR SIR: You are the only one with any
sense in Washington. I hope they put all
the warmongers in the firing lines in Asia,
as the rest of us people don't care who rules
Asia. We have enough to take care of our
own troubles, and so has all other people
of the world no matter who rules them, and
for God's sake we would like to know the
truth from the State and Defense Depart-
ments for a change before we lose all the
faith in our Government.
Appreciate your outspokenness on stopping
the terrible war in Vietnam. No more Ameri-
can boys must be killed there.
Mrs. B. RAIND.
BURT, MICH.
DEAR SIR: Keep up the good work. I wish
you luck in stopping Maxwell Taylor from
becoming Ambassador to that terrible jungle
mudhole called South Vietnam. We Amer-
icans, including little Caroline and John
John do not want a nuclear devastation war
for our America over that Vietnam mudhole.
It is insane.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
JUNE 2, 1964.
DEAR WAYNE MORSE: Hearty approval from
us and many of our friends for your stand
against U.S. war in Vietnam (we have just
heard your brilliant presentation on "Today"
show). Somebody has got to stand for san-
ity-keep it up.
Sin: On "Today," June 25, you spoke the
truth. It had never appeared to us in that
light. We trust you will continue to press
and stress your convictions.
Mrs. ROBERT S. HART.
JUNE 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I heard your inter-
view on the "Today" program and only wish,
as a mother of two sons (volunteers, one
Army, one Air Force) that we had more good
men like you representing our Government
and interests.
A MOTHER OF Two SERVICEMEN.
Honorable MORSE: You are absolutely right
about the Asian situation. I have been con-
cerned about our policy there for a long
time.
Please keep talking and attempt to get
the people here to protest.
M. F. FRICIISER.
JUNE 24, 1964.
SENATOR MORSE: When you speak out for
us, for our sons, you revive our hopes, bolster
our faith, help us believe that somehow,
somehow simple sanity will prevent our Gov-
ernment from forcing our finest young men
into a bell that would be even worse than
Korea. Do those who would vote for a hor-
ror of this kind have no sons, no grand-
sons? Have they become bloodless, heart-
less, conscienceless? I say, let them go and
face the misery, degradation, abuse, tor-
ture-that has been the lot of our boys who
were sent to fight battles for people who
would not fight for themselves. Yours may
seem a lone voice, Senator MORSE, but the
people are listening. Would to God those in
power were before it's too late. We honor
and respect you because you speak out for
us-and say what we believe.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
June 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
opposition to our asinine policy on Vietnam.
Your voice is like a bit of fresh air coming
out of Washington these days.
JUNE 27, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: I am one of many citi-
zens grateful that you are making every
effort to preserve the good image of our coun-
try. I have been In the Far East and south-
east Asia and know how "we" are hated.
Your stand on the Vietnam situation has my
wholehearted support.
HELEN BLAIR.
Los ANGELES,
June 26, 1964.
Senator, WAYNE MORSE: Your stand on the
situation in Vietnam is courageous and ex-
presses the feeling of most of my friends and
myself. Keep up your good work.
'RUBY ROSENTHAL,
JUNE.26, 1964.
DEAR S9,NATOR: It seems that the South
Vietnam ' government are unpopular with
its citizenry, and that our soldier advisers
are getting themselves" killed, apparently
they are being killed in Warfare instead of
safely acting as advisors.
JUNE 26,1864.
DEAR SENATOR: We heard your interview
on the "Today" show this morning and
thoroughly agree with everything you said.
We have followed your career with a great
deal of interest through the years and only
regret that we are unable to vote for you.
We wish to thank you for representing our
views in the Senate.
-EDNA and ARNOLD KLEIN,
BELLEVUE, ILL.
SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: I listened to your
interview on the "Today" show. I con-
gratulate you for your "unpopular posi-
tion" of disagreement with this adminis-
tration's position on Vietnam. I also feel
this matter should be in the United Nations
hands. Please pursue this standpoint-
many American agree, I am sure. You were
very forceful on the Interview.
TACOMA, WASH.,
June 23, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: By some happy miracle the
TV carried your toxin alarm. Please take
this to the U.N. The Congress has plainly
abdicated its power to declare war or peace.
PAUL BROWNE.
HOUSTON, TEE.,
June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: Many times I do not agree
with your ideas. But I do want to give you a
big pat on the back for your feelings and
for your courageous statements as expressed
when you appeared on Today's program this
a.m. Too many acts have been by Executive
action.
Louis B. ARMBRECHT,
A Legionnaire and a 40 at 8'er.
NEW YORK, N.Y.
I support your stand on our getting out of
South Vietnam which would save the world
Mrs. F. ELKINS.
CALDWELL, N.J.,
June 26, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.:
We wish to commend you for your speech
on South Vietnam on "Todays Show" June
25. Keep fighting for public interest be-
cause it is the only way to bring attention
to our representatives in Congress as to the
dire needs of men dying in a disorganized
war of the rice paddy in South Vietnam.
You have the heart of the American Eagle.
Very truly yours,
THOMAS J. MOONEY, Jr.
JAMES PHILLIPS.
TOPANGA, CALIF.,
June 27, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
We support your position regarding south-
east Asia. Keep up good work.
IAN and JANE THIERMANN.
BROOKLYN, N.Y.,
June 28, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.., .
Congratulations to your brilliantly spoken
on issues and answers.
MORRIS BERKOWITZ.
15157
EDINBURG, TEx.,
June 26, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Your statement on TV "Today Show"-
Wednesday was most courageous. and gen-
uinely American. We need more national
integrity and less gun-boat diplomacy in our
foreign policy. Congratulations.
ANDREW OSTRUM.
LOMITA, CALIF.
DEAR SENATOR: I heard you on "Meet the
Presss. " And I was so happy when I heard
you being opposed to our fighting in Viet-
nam.
All my life I've been a Democrat. But
why must our party always get into a war?
(Ike stopped Korea.) But here we're in an-
other.
Yours sincerely.
PASADENA, CALIF., June 26, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am heartily in ac-
cord with your condemnation of the present
policy of the U.S.A. In South Vietnam.
I have used your suggestions which ap-
peared in our daily newspaper in a letter to
our President.
I am hopeful that the State Department
will change its policy before more blood is
spilled for our own selfish purposes.
Very truly yours,
Miss GRACE M. LEALTAD.
MORRISON HOTEL, CHICAGO.
Mr. MORSE: Congratulations on your views
as distributed into the public domain on
"Issues and Answers."
You are right. The United States of Amer-
ica has too long violated the Geneva Charter.
Red China can be "mellowed." But not if
we continue to be an aggressor in southeast
Asia.
TONY LAVELLI.
ANN ARBOR, MICH.,
June 27, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: The enclosed letter,
which appeared in the Ann Arbor News of
June 26, should be of interest to you. We
have reason to believe that a number of
Ann Arbor women share our uneasiness about
the course our country seems to be taking in
southeast Asia.
Sincerely,
EDITOR, THE NEWS: -
Last Tuesday President Johnson said, "War
is obsolete because there can be no winner."
On the same day, Senator MORSE warned,
"The United States is headed for war in Asia
and will be hated for the next 500 years by
the majority of mankind." -
Reading the news these past weeks has
given us the uneasy feeling that we, along
with the rest of the American public, were
being carefully prepared for a new U.S. policy
in southeast Asia. The "new look" has been
unfolded in a steady flow of announcements:
redeployment of service personnel to more
strategic bases; new military shipments (oh,
just routine replacements of wornout equip-
ment) ; then the sudden emergency-full-
blown-of a jet air base just south of the
.17th parallel in South Vietnam; and now
the appointment of a military authority on
guerrilla fighting 'as our Ambassador in Sai-
gon, ' when a civilian with U.N. experience
withdrew. We gather that the administra-
June 26, 1964. tion expected us and many others to be hard
Senator WAYNE MORSE, to sell on the new policy unless we were
Senate Office Building, gradually conditioned for it. -
Washington, D.C.: Well, this time we are going to stay hard
Bravo your stand on Vietnam et al. Many to sell. We are told that we must honor our
are behind you-keep pressure on. commitment in southeast Asia, even though
RosE and MILTON SCHWARTZ. as knowledgeable a person as Walter Lipp-
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 15158
mann has called the commitment a blunder.
Now the United States Is "honoring" this
commitment (1) by increasing itand (2) by
violating other commitments. Our country
is publicly eonimited to leadership In the
world's quest for peaceful solutions of com-
plex problems. Our new southeast Asia pol-
icy violates this high commitment. Our new
jet base in South' Vietnam clearly violates
the Geneva agreement of 1954.
It's easier to build a military base in a
foreign country than to withdraw it once it's
there. Khrushchev withdrew his missiles
from Cuba but we still have Guantaipamo
and have sworn to hold on to it. Now it
seems we've established a little bit of
"American" territory in South Vietnam and
will be asked to defend It to the death. Ah,
whose death? Who and how many will die
for that aircraft base in Vietnam, built with
our tax dollars and without our knowledge?
We appear to be proceeding in disregard
of the honest reservations of our allies and
of Senator MORSE'S "majority of mankind"
to come. In so doing, do we exhibit an un-
seemly arrogance which closes doors we can
Ill afford to close in a world where "war is
obsolete?"
GAIL W. KELLUM.
ELIZABETH: CONVERSE.
KENNEBUNK, MAINE,.
June 25, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your conviction, ex-
pressed on the NBC "Today" program this
morning, that the whole question of Vietnam
and the rest of southeast Asia should be
taken to the United Nations for decision
meets with my hearty approval.
I, as only one individual, and a woman at
that, have long felt that we were conduct-
Ing a war illegally without the voted ap-
proval of Congress.
We cannot talk of peace out of one side
of our mouths, and conduct an illegal war
with justification, out of the other side.
Like many others (I presume), I feel frus-
trated, listening and reading day after day
about all these many problems that face
humans all over the world, and not being
able to do anything about them.
If there is any way that I can support you
in your efforts to have the U.S. Govern-
ment take this southeast Asia problem to
the U.N. for action, instead of the United
States of America drifting into a unilateral
war with Communist China, I'd be glad to do
my bit.
Sincerely,
MARION E. COLE.
CHICAGO, ILL.,
June 28, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: After hearing your
views expressed on the program "Issues and
Answers" today, Imust agree with your pro-
posal to let the U.N. solve the Vietnam crisis.
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PATRICIA M. CONDON.
LYNCHBunG, VA.,
June 29, 1964.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE July 1
present V'.8, policy in Vietnam and Laos. I
have little understanding of our unilateral
policy of form there for issues which seem
political and not military ones. I too, coun-
sel the President to use his policy of settling
problems with words of reason rather than
actions of force and destruction.
Frankly, I am filled with fear that this
little dirty war will be escalated to a big
dirty war. I hope you will continue to speak
out loud and often as you see this issue.
If there is anything further you feel I
can do, I shall be most happy to give It
consideration.
Sincerely yours,
WASHINGTON, D.C.,
June 29, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SENATOR: For several weeks I have
been following your statements on Vietnam,
and the President's handling of the war there,
with great surprise.
I really didn't think any Member of the
Senate had the political courage that you
show. But in the long run I think you may
find that the majority of the American
people would support your view over the
administration view on Vietnam if presented
the Issues and allowed to choose.
Certainly I agree with you completely and
urge you to keep on. You set an example
for other Members of the Senate and, I hope,
may keep us from some hideous consequence.
Best wishes.
CHICAGO,
June 28, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MoasE: I watched the in-
terview you gave this afternoon over ABC
and I was gratified to see that there are
still responsible people that are sane.
I am a foreign student from Greece. I
am a bit at ease because I know that "your
man from Washington" will have a landslide.
I would be more than honored if I had the
chance to shake your hand. I am certain
that if you will happen. to visit Chicago, I
will not miss the opportunity to do so.
Respectfully yours,
LINDSBORG, KANS.,
June 29, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.:
Congratulations on your splendid tele-
vision Interview yesterday. Your presenta-
tion was lucid and convincing. Keep plug-
ging.
TENAHA, TEx.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SIR: We just saw and heard you on
the "Today" program, and we just must write
and tell you how very much we agree with
you, I do hope you continue to tell the peo-
ple what it will mean if we do get into a war,
I wish everyone in.the United States could
hear you.
Congratulations again and please keep
it up.
Respectfully,
Mr. and Mrs. MARION STONE.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I heard you last
night on "Issues and Answers." I had won-
dered why we were not working through
United Nations in Vietnam. Why aren't we?
I agree with you we should, and I hope we do.
Sincerely,
Miss BLSIE W_ GILLIAM.
MANHATTAN BEACH, CALIF.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building, Washington, D.c.:
today I wrote to President Johnson and
Dean Rusk taking issue with them with the
BETSIESDA, Mn.,
June 29, 1964.
President LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR PRESIDENT JOHNSON: In your address
In Minneapolis you renewed the pledge to
protect the freedom of South Vietna{n and
to use the force necessary to that end. How-
ever, the applause of listeners was reserved
for your pledge to continue your quest for
peace.
We do not believe that our foreign policy
should be determined by a popularity poll
but it is evident that there is no enthusiasm
for escalating the civil war in South Viet-
nam into an international conflict. We agree
with your remarks praising the United Na-
tions and so we ask, "Why that organization
has not been used in the present conflict?"
Is the present government any more than the
Diem regime one of the peoples' own choice?
We are not experts but it seems to make
good sense to us to ask for a plebiscite of
South and North Vietnam under U.N.
auspices and with all foreign troops, includ-
ing our own, withdrawn. If we cannot win,
we might achieve neutrality at least.
Thiscourse should remove the implication
that under the guise of "protection" we are
helping to Impose an unwelcome govern-
ment on the people of South Vietnam and
taking sides in a civil war. It should further
your quest for peace, and still retain our
honor.
Sincerely yours,
L. D. and ALICE MACINTYRE.
HYATTSVILLE, MD.,
June 28, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: After listening to
"Issues and Answers" I had to write to you
to say that I am completely in accord with
your views on the war In Vietnam. I have
been increasingly more disturbed about our
policies in southeast Asia. I feel that we
do have a responsibility to the world to
advance democracy and freedom. However,
I also feel we have no right to make war.
When we adopt Communist tactics we have
already lost because our goal Is for people
to choose freely. Freedom cannot and
should not be advanced by U.S. force.
Cuba is a glaring example of our setting
up a dictator in the name of democracy
and how it has ended is not what our leaders
foresaw.
Please keep up your plea to keep us fight-
ing for peace and for a strong United Na-
tions.
Sincerely,
BONNIE L. WALKER,
Democrat From Maryland.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
June 28, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senior Senator from Oregon,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: Allow me to join those who
heartily endorse your stand on our Gov-
ernment's attitude toward the situation In
southeast Asia.
Sincerely yours,
HAMILTON S. CLOUD, D.D.S.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Please send me your
speeches and whatever else you can on Viet-
nam. I have been guardedly speaking to
friends and writing my representatives urg-
ing a review of our policy there. You might
say that I have lacked the courage to come
right out and condemn the role our Govern-
ment is playing. I appreciate all the more
your forthrightness.
Now I am really ready to speak out, and
keep speaking out. I don't care what my
neighbors may think. One stands the chance
of being called a traitor, and all the rest, but
it. now seems abundantly clear to me that
y country's best interests, and our na-
tional honor, depend upon us coming to our
senses. To continue as we have is to morally
disgrace ourselves.
But I do need all the facts I can get. It
is difficult to piece the news together-the
omissions are #o gross, however, that the
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
phrase "news management" seems wholly
justified. Your speeches are weakly re-
ported even in the New York Times. So
please send me what you can even though
I am not your constituent.
Most sincerely,
NEW YORK, N.Y.
MEMPHIS, TENN.,
June 24, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C. -
DEAR SIR: I just listened to you speak on
Vietnam on the "Today" show, and you gave
me heart. You said many things that badly
need saying. Please continue your fight.
What you are saying is vastly important, but
just as important is that someone is saying
it. We in this country, I maintain, are not
inherently aggressive and impractical, but
we are unbelievably ignorant, especially
where our relationship to and standing in
the world are concerned. Thank you for the
forthright expression of views-and facts-
which will perhaps reduce this ignorance.
Sincerely,
Senator WAYNE
U.S. Senate,
WASHINGTON, D.C.,
June 12, 1964.
MORSE,
ing any sense on this critical issue in pub-
lic, although I think there is a lot of public
sympathy for making a realistic settlement
in southeast Asia.
I would very much
copies of previous or
you on this subject.
appreciate receiving
future speeches by
Sincerely yours,
WILLIAM. T. HOLSER.
JUNE 9, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am Sorry there are
not more politicians to speak with your
realism and courage. I would feel we had
a much safer world and better future for
our country and its people.
Is It possible to send me a copy of the
speech you made in the Senate, Thursday,
June 4, with reference to the southeast Asian
situation? What can those of us who feel
you speak for us, do?
Thank you.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
June 16, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have read some of
your recent speeches in the Senate on our
foreign policy and must express my hearty
agreement. Your forthright stand is cou-
rageous beyond words and must eventually
influence others to look at the world more
objectively.
Sincerely yours,
EARL BUDIN, M.D.
UNIONTOWN, OHIO,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I greatly admire the cour-
age you have shown in your outspoken atti-
tude toward the bloody mess in South Viet-
nam. I think that your position, more than
that of any other prominent American, will
be vindicated when all the facts are known.
As a young man of draft age it would
provoke a crisis of conscience if I were con-
scripted to fight in a war so senselessly brutal
and self-defeating.
Sincerely,
ROBERT H. BATEMAN, Jr.
P.S.-I would appreciate receiving a printed
copy of each of your speeches on the Viet-
nam problem.
INTERNATIONAL LONGSHOREMEN'S &
WAREHOUSEMEN'S UNION, LOCAL 14,
Eureka, Calif., May 26, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: Our membership at their regular
meeting of May 20, 1964, voted to commend
you and Senator GRUENING, of Alaska, for
your courageous injection of truth and rea-
son into the foreign policy debate. We feel
we are being sucked into a full-scale war in
South Vietnam without all the facts being
told the people. We would like to know
what the State Department calls a "consti-
tutional government" when in South Viet-
nam our soldiers are dying to protect what
they call a constitutional government, while
in Brazil an elected constitutional govern-
ment was overthrown and these same people
fell all over themselves to congratulate the
"brass" there for their success in the over-
throwing of the government there.
Would you kindly send us a copy of your
speeches on South Vietnam and on foreign
policy?
Sincerely yours,
O. L. DEARINGER,
N.C.D.C. Representative,
I.L.W.U. Local 14.
LA HABRA, CALIF.,
June 11, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: The brief news reports I
hear of your speeches the past few months
concerning Vietnam are very interesting and
timely. You seem to be the only one talk-
Congress of the United States,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am writing to you
to tell you that I am wholeheartedly in agree-
ment with your views on our Involvement in
southeast Asia. Though I am a college in-
structor and a scientist, I have have an active
interest in politics and world affairs. I be-
lieve that the United States should get off
the southeast Asia mainland altogether-in-
eluding both Laos and South Vietnam. The
State Department should realize that the
United States cannot win a war on the main-
land of Asia. Is this President Johnson's
Idea of prosperity-an artificially created
prosperity based on building war materials
for a war in Asia? If the President doesn't
soon get us disentangled from that mess,
he will not get my vote in November, even
though I agree with his domestic policies
otherwise.
Keep up the good work.
Sincerely,
CONRAD GUTERMUTH.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Anyone who has had
the experience of standing in the lonely
trenches of fighting for what conscience dic-
tates can only commend you and Senator
GRUENING for the splendor of your courage.
Anyone who has read the whole spectrum
of thought involved in this southeast Asia
problem can only come out in one place-
in your corner.
MARIE HITCHEN.
WILMINGTON, DEL., June 19, 1964.
JUNE 14, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wish to thank you
for your heroic stand you have taken in
the Senate, especially in regard to stopping
the war in Vietnam. I do hope more and
more Congressmen will follow your humane
and democratic ideas.
Yours respectively,
Mrs. BETSY DAVENPORT.
DEAR SENATOR: I want to give you my sin-
cere congratulations for your stands in the
Senate against the war in Vietnam. Please
keep up the good work. Turns are certainly
needed in most phases of our foreign policy.
15159
Senator FuLBRIGET and yourself have cer-
tainly been the mainstays for any attempt
to overhaul this country's stands.
Sincerely,
MEYER FASMAN.
NORTH PLATTE, NEBR.,
June 19, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: Please vote to cut the for-
eign aid bill deeply. Let the people vote on
it and we would do away with it entirely.
No reason in the world why we should sup-
port the rest of the world. Thank you.
W. W. KELLY.
P.S.-It has not made us any friends and
note the "go home Yank" after taking our
money.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Again, let me tell
you how very much I appreciate your efforts
to disengage our military in southeast Asia.
I am enclosing our local and current ef-
fort to help you (and our "Nation under
God.").
With sincere encouragement.
Lois D. WARREN.
This enclosure is going to each member
of Foreign Relations Committee of the Sen-
ate.
Washington Post, March 29, 1964: "Two
recent South Vietnamese napalm bombings,
which fell into the brutal category, have
grieviously hurt the U.S. Image throughout
the world. One was widely dramatized by
the publication of an Associated Press photo-
graph on March 20 which showed a child in
his father's arm, badly burned by air-
launched, jellied, gasoline bombs which had
fired a Vietnamese village * * * Publication
of the AP photo resulted in the (U.S.) De-
fense Department's acknowledging for the
first time that napalm has been furnished
South Vietnam-under the military aid pro-
gram, and that it has been dropped by Viet-
namese planes provided by U.S. assistance
plan."
DO YOU APPROVE?
Senator WAYNE MoasE, Oregon, March 25,
1964: "We should never have gone in there.
We should not have stayed in. We should
get out now."-
Senator ERNEST GRUENING, Alaska: "The
time has come to reverse our policy of un-
derstanding to defend areas such as South
Vietnam * * * A return of troops to our
own shores should begin."
Senator MIKE MANSFIELD, Montana: "There
has not been and there does not exist today
a basis in our national interest which would
justify the assumption of primary American
responsibility in this situation which might
well involve the sacrifice of a vast number
of American lives * * *"
Senator WAYNE MORSE, Oregon, March 30,
1964: "By what right did the Secretary of
Defense go over to South Vietnam and pledge
U.S. support for a 'thousand years, if neces-
sary,' in behalf of the American people.
He had no such right. The American people
should answer him in no uncertain terms."
Whittier Peace Council recommends im-
mediate withdrawal of all American forces
from southeast Asia and urges settlement of
the war by the 14-nation Geneva Conference
of 1962 under the auspices of the United
Nations.
Write President Johnson, Senator KUCHEL,
Senator ENGLE today.
This message is brought to you by the
Whittier Peace Council and the following
groups: Whittier Chapter American Associa-
tion for the United Nations, Peace and Serv-
ice Committee-First Friends Church, Whit-
leaf Monthly Meeting of Friends, Whittier
Friends Unprogramed Meeting, Whittier
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 Approved For Release 2003/12/02 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300120019-6 July 1
15160 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE y
Area Women Strike for Peace, Whittier La
Mirada Unitarian Fellowship.
For further information-Or to help de-
fray cost of this ad-please send requests
and contributions to: Whittier Peace Coun-
cil, 821 East Sunrise Drive, Whittier, Calif.
TAROMA PARR, MD.,
June 20, 1964.
President LYNDON B. JoHNsoN,
White House, Washington, D.C. DEAR PRESIDENT JOHNSON: We are gravely
concerned with the situation in Vietnam.
There is considerable feeling that we had
no right to intervene in the first place, and
our apparent plans to escalate the fighting
there could develop into a war with China.
Several Senators, such as Senator WAYNE
for
MORSE, have made serious suggestions negotiating a peace in Vietnam and with-
draw our troops. We urgently ask you to
consider and begin negotiating mm immediately before fighting,
is too late.
Sincerely,
Dr. and Mrs. REX V. NAYLOR.
SEATTLE, WASH.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I'm with you in your cam-
paign to get U.S. troops recalled from Viet-
nam. This is a senseless war, in which we
have no business.
Thanks for speaking out.
Sincerely yours,
(MISS) ELIZABETH YATES.
The Christian Science Monitor, New York knows of any reason why we are messing
Times, and the Wail Street Journal seem to around down thoefre our in the first place.
do better reporting than most others. Mr. Bundy,
Please appear on the TV as often as possi- states we are going in there and extend the
like to give us, the public, the facts. war to the north. MacArthur tried that in
Senator MoRsz, my thinking is that before Korea thinking the Chinks would do noth-
peace of any kind can be attained it is neces- ing. We got run out of there by the hordes
Cary to bring China into the United Nations. of Chinese and lost a lot of boys. ering
sons Mr.
that anderstandi of the
imposes an obligation on member govg Bundy a has of dmi taryoage. many think Mr.
ernments to observe the provisions of the Bundy had better go up to the Bay of
charter and the resolutions of the member- Fundy and get lost.
ship, and the important opportunity of be- Mr. Brinkley gave us one ray of hope when
hind-the-scenes discussions. he said you were going to demand the with-
We need more speeches like yours and drawal of our troops; as they were in Viet-
more men who are not afraid to speak the nam illegally, and cut out all aid to that
truth about facts as they exist. country. Those people in Vietnam are so
Sincerely yours, busy fighting each other that they don't have
ERMA RASP. time to worry about the Commies.
P.S.-I too felt very badly about the speech A. J. McGINN.
of Ambassador A. Stevenson. Twice I have
heard him give speeches that I felt were from
his lips and not his heart; they made me
very sad.
CANOGA PARE:, CALIF.,
June 15, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: A few hours ago I
sat down in a barbershop and casually
thumbed through a recent issue of Life mag-
azine which contained excellent photo-
graphs of the Vietnamese war. With my
heart pounding I saw our side torturing
young men in the Vietcong to extract con-
fessions. The full horror of what we are
doing suddenly dawned upon me.
Should the Asiatic multitudes achieve a
dominant position in the world of tomorrow
it will be a very difficult thing to be an
American. All Americans will be held ac-
countable for these crimes. We cannot plead
ignorance when Life magazine so clearly has
presented all of us with the facts as they
are Our Government has illegally com-
KENDALL, FIJI.,
June 18,1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I view as most
distressing the "feelers" appearing through-
out our news media citing in soneed for
utheast
stepped-up military action
Asia. If, as i believe, these are designed to
test public response to such an eventuality,
I feel I would be derelict In my duty as a
citizen if I failed to express my strong op-
position to it. It Is my firm opinion that we
have no moral or legal right to inflict our
will on the people of southeast Asia, and that
if action of any kind is indicated, we should
not take it unilaterally upon ourselves, but
should bring the matter before the United
Nations for solution.
Respectfully submitted.
REYNOLDS MOODY,
Lieutenant Colonel U.S. Marine Corps,
Retired.
ROCHESTER, MICH.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate office Building,
Washington, D.C
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I am hoping for a
negotiated settlement of the Vietnam "mess."
The U.N., the Geneva Conference, any alter-
native to escalating the war or even con--
tinuing it.
Let us spend that million and a half a day
on assuring every one the right to vote in
this country or lessening poverty here.
Sincerely,
MARGARET DUFFIEI.D.
milted American troops to a foreign war.
Congress was not consulted nor was the U.N.
Please Senator MORSE, keep plugging for a
cessation of our foul, filthy war in southeast
Asia.
'T'here are so few men who can do the
honest, courageous thing that you have done.
May you have the strength -m continue.
Sincerely,
HAROLD SCHNEIER.
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA,
Columbia, S.C., June 16,19'64.
lion. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: i completely agree
with your position on Vietnam. Our troop
involvement there violates every precept of
international law, just as it violates every
precept of the existential morality of Christ.
As a Democrat, I- am especially heartened
by your willingness to criticize a Democratic
administration. We need desperately ilrthis
country some opposition to the bipartisan
warmongering which has kept the cold war
going and stifled a realistic peace program.
On the issue of Vietnam you are supplying
it, with matchless eloquence and logic.
Sincerely,
EMMETT J. DURANT.
MESA, ARIZ.,
June 20, 1964.
DAR MR. MORSE: We hear with grave con-
cern from Mr. Brinkley on the news what
the State Department intends to do in Viet-
nam--send 200.000 of our boys in there to
get killed and start a war with China that
would never end. YOU could tell by the
looks on Mr. Brinkley's face that he is wor-
ried, and I and all the people I've talked to
are worried.
Just why does our State Department think
they have the power to declare war? Is that
not still the power of Congress? Of all the
people I've talked to, I can't find one who
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
June 28, 1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: Your work
for peace is greatly appreciated.
War cannot bring victory, will not destroy
communism, can only destroy pepole, prop-
erty to the American image. Would like to
have your material on the questions of peace.
Thank you in advance.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: You seem to be one of the
few humanitarians in Congress. That's the
reason we are writing to you. If we lived in
Oregon our family of six voters would sup-
port you in full. The only request that we
have to make is read June 12 issue, 1964, and
see the pictures under the caption "But this
is my duty," in Life magazine.
Please tell Congress that at least
area our people are sick and tired
senseless war.
Are we a nation of barbarians?
Thank you, Senator and the best
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Just a lineto you to
encourage you in your attacks on foreign aid
to corrupt, unreforming governments and on
our policy in Vietnam.
I realize, as I'm sure you do, that such
independent statements can be dangerous
to you politically; it takes a strong and cou-
rageous personality to point out the harsh
facts to the administration and the American
public as you have been doing so effectively
in recent months.
Best of luck to you, and I hope to keep
hearing your strong, liberal voice on the
mayor issues confronting the United States
today and in the future.
Very sincerely,
WILLIAM J. GABOURY.
SAN FRANCISCO, CAALIF.,
may 26,1964.
Hon. Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for your
very excellent speech on "Meet the Press,"
May 24, 1964.
What a pity that the public do not know
the facts about such matters and must de-
pend on the muddled reports that our news-
papers print.
LONG BEACH, CALIF.,
June 15, 1964.
in this
of this
L ESTER W. DENEVAN.
WILDA A. DENEVAN.
LESTER M. DENEVAN.
TERRY L. DENEVAN.
LONGVIRW, WASH.,
June 19, 1964.
JUNE 28, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I agree whole-
heartedly with your views regarding our "out-
law" activities in southeast Asia and par-
ticularly in Vietnam. I began to rethink our
participation in these countries this past
week when you expressed yourself following
one committee meeting with the Secretary
of Defense and General Taylor.
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1964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
I truly believe that a U.N. functioning
"peace force" should be the position being
expounded by our Government and not the
unilateral military force as is presently being
employed.
I support your view and will make known
my acceptance of them to my own repre-
sentatives.
Yours truly,
HOWARD RATCLIFFE.
CARMEL, CALIF.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I have just listened to your re-
marks on Vietnam on the NBC "Today" pro-
gram. I have spent considerable time in
that area in the U.S. Navy and feel closer
to the situation than the average citizen.
Let me thank you for enlightening the
public with your knowledgeable comments.
I agree with you and hope you are successful
in blocking our military entry into war in
Asia.
Sincerely yours,
HUNTER W. STEWART:
JUNE 25, 1964.
Senator MORSE,
DEAR SIR: I saw and heard you on the
"Today Show", and I believe you are 100
percent right. I have always admired you,
you have more brains in your little toe, than
those generals who sit safely in Washington.
While the kids go and get killed, to satisfy
who? The generals of course.
The United Nations was born to settle
wars, I am for President Johnson too, but
he is letting the wrong people advise him.
I hope you convince these tinheads to
change their minds.
Sincerely,
Mrs. R. DAVIS.
JUNE 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Please, Senator
MORSE, use whatever persuasion you can to
stop the tide of aggressors in public office
before we have another major war.
We in Florida cannot turn to our own
Representatives; they are not fair to our own
citizens, how can they be otherwise toward
other nations.
Why is it so many people feel that they
are entitled to tell other countries how to
run their affairs. when our own is about the
most immoral in every way. Would any
people be anxious to join our ways unless
paid or coersioned?
For a short time we had hopes in Governor
Scranton till he came to Florida with the
usual belligerent talk against Cuba.
I can look till I'm cross eyed but see only
that they should settle their affairs inside
Cuba by their ? own people. Will he spread
communism to our neighboring countries?
I think we are doing a better job of it by
our example, by what is happening here in
America and what we are doing to others.
Sincerely,
'Mrs. J.' STOWE.
MIAMI, FLA.
WASHINGTON, D.C.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I hope that I am
correctly informed that you question present
U.S. policies in Vietnam and favor our
making an earnest effort to negotiate a
settlement,
To me it seems urgent that negotiations
begin promptly before the fighting is ex-
tended aancj that they include all the nations
involved in southeast Asia. Enclosed is a
copy of a letter similar to one I have just sent
to President Johnson.
Will you please exert every effort to extri-
cate us and the world from a struggle which
has the effect of preventing completion of a
revolution and which may readily get out of
control?
Sincerely yours,
GELSTON MCNEIL.
P.S.-This letter should have been modi-
fied for you. I do thank you, Senator lyfoaSE,
for your courageous and outspoken efforts in
behalf of a more sane policy.
For months I've been intending to thank
you for a fine presentation of constructive
ideas with regard to Cuba which I heard in
an interview-type program on station WOMS.
Keep up the good work.
WASHINGTON, D.C.,
June 24, 1964.
President LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR PRESIDENT JOHNSON: "The people of
the world, I think, prefer reasoned agree-
ment to ready attack." Does not this state-
ment of yours March 23, 1964) call for a
sharp change in our course in southeast
Asia? For not only is it true that people pre-
fer reason to violence: it is also true that
negotiation on the basis of equality holds the
only hope for life in a nuclear age.
Since 1945 war in South Vietnam has been
killing and starving and maiming with ter-
rible suffering thousands of women and
children as well as guerrilla fighters (who
are also human). None seems to know or
care just how many. At a meeting last week
I heard a Government spokesman, while
rightly lamenting the over 1,000 American
casualties, speak with gusto of "wiping out
the guerrillas."
We should be demonstrating that we are
friends of the world's poor by aiding their
"revolution of rising expectations" in Viet-
nam and everywhere. There can be no
stability until this revolution is accom-
plished.
Instead, by supporting military juntas
and other corrupt, oppressive governments,
by supplying napalm and helicopters and
barbed wire and cropdestroyers and other
accouterments of modern war, we are op-
posing the revolution. Whether or not we
intend to do so makes little difference. We
appear to the oppressed, underdeveloped,
war-sick people to be just another white,
colonial power replacing the French who, we
ourselves admit, were denying the people
their sacred right to life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness.
I agree with Walter Lippmann (New York
Tribune, May 28) and with Senator MORSE
that American troops never should have gone
into Vietnam. These men point out that we
must correct our error by substituting nego-
tiation for force. In these Senators CHURCH,
GRUENING, BEALL, and others agree-as do I.
Stepping up the war in Vietnam would
not only increase and prolong sufferings of
the Vietnamese people and delay the revolu-
tion, it would drive Ho Chi Minh completely
into the arms of China (even as our starva-
tion policies toward Cuba have driven Castro
into dependence upon the great Communist
powers). Extending the war -will also cause
U.S.S.R. to support China and thus destroy
what improvement in relationships has been
painstakingly and precariously worked out
between the Soviet Union and the United
States.
Mr. Johnson, instead of aggravating ani-
mosity between China and the United States
of America, is it not time that we develop
toward that great country a creative ap-
proach which offers some possibility of peace-
ful solution of problems and resumption of
our traditional friendship? Would it not
be wise to consider President de Gaulle's
15161
proposals? On the other hand, continuing
our arrogant and self-righteous policies to-
ward China tends to lose us friends, to
solidify our enemies and thereby to lessen
the possibility of rapprochement.
A year ago at AmericanUniversity Presi-
dent Kennedy pointed to the truth that con-
ditions and attitudes in all kinds of societies
change and that we must recognize and en-
courage changes in others and be open to
change ourselves. It is also imperative,
though extremely difficult for a nation-as
for an individual-to admit its mistakes and
change its course. Failure to do so will
leave our country behind the march of his-
tory at best, and, at worst, can make our
beloved country an instrument for the de-
struction of civilization.
Yours sincerely,
GELSTON MCNEIL.
METROPOLIS, ILL.,
June 25, 1964.
WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Thanks to you, for the words
spoken over TV, when you said that our boys
should not be dying in South Vietnam. I
think its so shameful for the- United States
to have our boys there, when there has been
no war declared. Why don't our so-called
allies go in there too. They know its wrong.
Here we have Cuba, right at our door, and
no attention is given to what goes on there.
But they risk their necks million miles away.
We cannot police the entire world. What
would we say, when other countries sent
military force over here to change our
method?
I am for a peaceful country. The same
should be followed with integration. We
can't do anything by force. But people will
understand each other as time goes on. We
have no trouble here with a racial problem.
All get along together and that goodwill, will
spread if they would keep agitators out.
Thanks again to you. Will you appear on
TV more often?
We need a House full. of Members like you
in Washington.
Yours very sincerely,
Mrs. RAYMOND MITCHELL.
P.S.-The feed grain program should be
scrapped. It does more harm than good.
The voluntary soil bank did so much more
and cost less when people take their entire
farm out of production. This feed grain
the big farmers take' out the less fertile
ground and draw Government pay and use
that money to buy fertilizer and livestock
to produce more on remaining acres, and
therefore the surplus gets greater.
HOUSTON, TEX.,
June 29, 1964.
YouR HONOR SENATOR MORSE: Just listened
to you on the "Today" show. I think you
are so right. Did we not learn anything
from Korea.
Yours very truly,
FORT LAUDERDALE, FLA.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator MossE.
DEAR SIR: At last we have someone on
Capitol Hill who has given me and many
of my neighbors the inside on this Vietnam
subject. This a.m. on program "Today," I
stopped my breakfast to sit and listen to you;
so clear was your explaining this dogfight
we are in, and cannot do one thing except
pour our men and dollars to destruction.
I am a widow but our country Is, as you
just about put it; carrying the load that is
not ours alone. Do keep up your clear, pre-
cise speaking; you will get others to see also.
I do thank you for your brief talk.
Iam,
_ . Mrs. CLAIRE V. HEBERLE.
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COFFEYVILLE, KANS., June Z5, 1964.
Senator MORSE,
U.S. Senator of Oregon,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR Sea: I heard your talk on "Today"
TV today concerning the action of the
United States, directed by President John-
son, in southeast Asia.
I agree in detail with all you said in your
TV interview.
Too much of our actions are based on
wishful thinking and self-deception--based
mostly on an infantile miselanic complex
that we have that we are the chosen people
to lead the rest of the world into the land of
milk and honey--while we are disintegrating
here at` home. We cannot understand that
the rest of the world and no part of it see
us as we see ourselves looking through our
Alice in Wonderland lookingglass of wishful
thinking, self-deception, and messianic com-
plex.
JUNE 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: I have been watching this
Asiastic situation and try and take a fair
approach to our position there and what we
should do about it. I have come to the deff-
nite conclusion that you have the right
answer. We do not want to get mixed up in
it hot war with China, and it looks right
now as though we are headed in that direc-
tion. The French fought in that area for
over 7 years with top-flight troops, coupled
with material aid from us, and they were
decisively beaten. Are we about to travel
the same road? Such a stupid course would
deplete our resources and manpower almost
to it point of no return. It will be another
Korea. It seems that the Democratic Party
(I am independent) is as frequently labeled,
"the war party."
Your position is, and will receive the sup-
port of the right thinking citizen. Keep up
the good work.
Respectfully yours,
CLAYTON E. DIGG.
SAN BERNARDINO, CALIF., June 24, 1964.
Mr. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senator.
DEAR Ma. MORSE: You have been a hundred
percent right since you have been in the
U.S. Senate.
As you say that the United States Is stick-
ing its nose in too far in other countries busi-
ness. That nose might be punched and
bleed for several years at the expense of all
Americans.
Mr. MORSE, you will have my vote and I
know many more will vote for you.
I remain a true Democrat.
Yours sincerely,
WEST HARTFORD, CONN.,
June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR: Please say what you said on
"Today" about Asia-loud and long until it
is heard. Thank you, sir.
Respectfully,
HELEN .SHINE
Mrs. John J. Skive.
FLUSHING, MICH.,
June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your hard-hitting
remarks that we heard on the "Today" show
this morning concerning the situation in
southeast Asia certainly made a lot of com-
monsense. What a deep Insight you have
into this serious problem.
You have my husband's and my complete
concurrence in the matter and there must
be multitudes,of people all over the country
who feel the same.
It is to be fervently hoped that there is
a possibility that you and others of your
colleagues on Capitol Hill who share your
views, might do something about all this be-
fore It is too late. Your straightforward
talk on televisionthis morning was certainly
a step In the right direction.
Most respectfully yours,
Mrs. THEODORE BUELL.
LORAIN, OHIO,
June 25,1964.
Mr. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senator,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wish to state that
I agree with your position on the dangerous
situation in Vietnam and in :southeast Asia
in general.
I respectfully ask you that you do all in
your power to prevent any war in southeast
Asia involving the United States.
Respectfully yours,
CHARLES J. BROWNE.
OSKALOOSA, IOWA,
June 25, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you for be-
ing willing to speak out concerning Viet-
nam. It is sad that our country should be
the one to bypass the U.N. and not give it a
chance at the peacemaking efforts for which
it was instituted.
Further, I feel that the news media, has
allowed false ideas to guide public opinion
because it is not pleasant to criticize. Where
are our courageous news reporters? Thank
you again.
Most sincerely,
ZENA GRUBB
Mrs. Charles E. Grubb.
WARSAW, IND.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: This is to add my
voice of approval to your stand on current
Government Issues.
Thank you for your courageous and truth-
ful comments on the TV program of "To-
day," as well as those made previously.
I am among those who feel that our only
hope for avoiding a national disaster is by
following policies such as you have ex-
pressed, and I urge you to continue with in-
creasing vigor.
Yours sincerely,
SANDUSHY, OHIO,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senator of the State of Oregon,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: Heard you being interviewed on
the "Today" show this morning, and was
very interested in what you had to say,
as I and my husband and sons have been
thinking the same thoughts. Thank God
for men like yourself who are not afraid to
speak out, for your honesty, your forthright-
ness, and also your clarity. What in the
name of heaven is happening to this country
of ours, and who do you think President
Johnson thinks he is, God? 13o you under-
stand how small and helpless a person like
myself feels in the face of what is going
on in Washington. I don't want my two
clean young boys fighting in that stinking
hole for a ridiculous cause-besides, accord-
ing to those brainy intellectuals in govern-
ment now, it isn't the fashion to "win" a
war anymore. If we had permitted General
MacArthur to go on In Korea, this war may
not have been necessary. I am one of those
Americans who believeeverything he wrote.
And, according to many of my friends, they
believe also, only most of them are too apa-
thetic to write.
I compliment you on your honest criticism
of President Johnson. All this makes me
more of a fervent Goldwater admirer than
ever. He is being criticized for his com-
plaints about the United Nations. He is be-
Ing honest, too.
Thank you again.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
SIR: Bravo for you on the "Today" show
this morning. I hope you get much backing
for your stand on Vietnam. We need more
men of your caliber who will speak out for
the good of this country.
Faithfully yours,
MYRTLE G. OSTERGREN
(Mrs. Herbert L.).
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.,
I June 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want you to know
that I am in full agreement with your views
on the situation in southeast Asia.
If it will help to show President Johnson
that we want your ideas of carrying this
problem to the U.N., I hope this letter will
be used in that behalf.
I only hope it is not too late to save us
from getting into another holocaust.
May God bless you in your efforts.
Sincerely,
Mrs. THOR MEAGHER.
LIMA, OHIO, June 25,1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Member of the U.S. Senate,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I am not one to write letters
but after reading the attached editorial I got
so mad about some of the thinking of the
powers in Washington that you wonder. It
looks to me that they are trying to do every-
thing possible to get in a fight with China.
Then we will have another Korea on our
hands, only a great many times worse.
My reason for writing you is to let you
know I like your stand on this matter and
many more.
Thanks for your time in reading this note.
Respectfully,
RAY W. BARNETT,
Treasurer, Allen County.
ST. JOHN CHURCH,
Greensburg, Ind., June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I heard your view-
point of the South Vietnam war.
I agree with you 100 percent.
What can we do to further your program?
Sincerely,
WISCASSET, MAINE,
June 28, 1964.
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: No one could deny the tre-
mendous influence exerted on the foreign
policy of the United States by the Pentagon.
Just why a military department of our Gov-
ernment should be adjudged to be in pos-
session of infallible wisdom in the area of
peaceful international relations is beyond my
understanding. With specific reference to
this Nation's unilateral action in southeast
Asia-which bids fair to represent the worst
bungling by this country in international re-
lationships for all time-I consider it to be
absolutely shameful, utterly appalling, and
entirely inconsistent with the policies of a
nation presumably working toward world
peace. Apart from our participation In the
matter as a part of a duly appointed United
Nations force sent to restore peace, the
United States has no military business in the
area.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
. Speaking as a private citizen, I most heart-
ily commend you in your stand on the issue.
Let us put, the problem before the United
Nations for its judgment and action. This
is where it belongs, and is the only place it
belongs. Our saying one thing and doing
another will yet be the death of us. If
peace be the aim of this Nation, then in the
name of God let us be about it.
Yours truly,
SCOTT D. KITFREDGE.
CINCINNATI, OHIO,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: May I congratulate you being
a true ,American, being elected and holding
a political office in our Government, uphold-
ing and not ignoring the Constitution of the
United States, that reads, there Shall be no
foreign entanglements. As other politicians
seem to Ignore though sworn into office over
a Bible.
Referring to your very true conversational
talk over NBC-TV program, this is "Today."
It is a pleasure to you talk as a true
American, who knows what you are talking
about, a type of an American like President
George Washington. And thinking deeper
perhaps if the United States had stayed out
of World Wax II, there would not be com-
munism,
Sincerely yours,
Mr. J. ZINSMEISTER.
STUART, FLA., June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Let me congratulate
you on your fearless opinion expressed on
the "Today" show, as I have the same idea
about our boys in Vietnam. Please do every-
thing to stop this unconstitutional war. I
agree with you that this is a McNamara war
and that we should not send a military man
as our Ambassador into that area (Taylor).
Having had four brothers in the First
World War, while I was trained as a nurse,
and then three nephews in the Second World
War on the German side, and three nephews
here on the American side, I know what
families are sacrificing. I lived in Germany
during the first war and as an American
citizen here iji the second war, doing nurs-
ing and social work.
While I do a lot of traveling in different
countries now, I know how we are almost
despised for meddling in everybody's busi-
ness. We should let other countries decide
for, themselves, what they want to be, but
guard our own country, according to our
Constitution.
More power to men like you.
Sincerely,
Mrs. THOMAS DARLING.
SANTA ROSA, CALIF.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR Me. MoxsE: I have been in sympathy
With your thinking on the problem in Viet-
nam right along, but your pronouncements
this morning on the "Today" program makes
me want to shout it from the rooftops that
the United States should get out of south-
east Asia and "rejoin" the United Nations.
It seems to me that of all nations we should
not desiccate the. sanctuary of peace. Keep
up your good work, Mr. MORSE. Your voice
may be the keystone to the arch.
Sincerely,
? Mrs. LEORA D. SVRRYHNE.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEARSFNATo M?oasE: A breath of fresh air
this morning when I heard your fine com-
ment on television. I personally think you're
one of the smartest or most intelligent men
in Washington, D.C. Keep up the good work.
Yours truly,
W. E. HALL, Jr.
PRINGFIELD, OHIO,
June 25, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: I salute you on your courageous
stand on American Involvement in Southeast
Asia. We cannot correct the mistakes of 19th
century imperialism by sacrificing American
lives. Nor can we hope to persuade the
Asians-in the throes of a colonial revolution
captured by the Communists-that we are
any different from their former white masters
and that our brand of freedom will be any
better than what they have hitherto known
at the hands of the whites; that is to say,
exploitation and humiliation.
I wholeheartedly support your position
that our only recourse is the United Nations.
Only if we direct our efforts through the
United Nations can we avoid the onus of
being considered the aggressor out there by
the Asiatics and the other noncommitted
peoples of the world. To do otherwise is to
go it alone, setting our course on disaster.
America has long been in need of such
straight-from-the-shoulder advice as you
gave this day on the "Today" show. God-
speed.
Cordially yours,
GEORGE TEHAN FISCHER.
HADDONFIELD, N.J.,
June 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you. Thank
you. Thank you for your fine, brave state-
ments on South Vietnam. It takes great
courage to speak out against the foreign pol-
icy as you and others have done. I wish that
the American newspapers would publish your
statements found in the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
ORD, for surely the Angrican public is just
uninformed about the true conditions- in
southeast Asia.
I consider you one of the finest patriots,
because you are not afraid to speak out when
you see we are not living up to our demo-
cratic ideals (and the freedom to voice opin-
ions is a hallmark of our democracy but
which should not be censored by the press).
We must try to educate the public to see
that the proper place to solve international
crises is in the United Nations.
Wish you would run for President.
Sincerely yours,
NEWBURGH, N.Y.,
June 26, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
MY DEAR SENATOR: Your forthright re-
marks heard a few days ago on the NBC
"Today" show certainly pointed up the
issues-and dangers-in the Vietnam situa-
tion.
As you so rightly said, the appointment of
General Taylor to the vacated Lodge post
does not augur well for a peaceful settle-
ment of the situation. The deep involve-
ment of this country in the south Asia area
and the "policing" action we have under-
taken seems very paradoxical in view of our
own inability to control our citizens in Mis-
sissippi and Florida.
It would seem sort of litre people in glass
houses throwing stones-or don't do as I do,
do as I say.
Please Senator, keep speaking out against
further action that commits thousands of
American youth to lose their lives to sup-
port regimes that are wholly unpopular with
the citizens of the country.
Cordially yours,
EDWARD B. SALINGER.
15163
Los ANGELES, -CALIF.,
June 22, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I would like to com-
mend you for your courageous and intelli-
gent position and stand against the present
reckless U.S. Involvement in Vietnam and
Laos which, if allowed to pursue its present
course, will surely lead to full-scale war and
hatred of the whole world against us.
I have just written to President Johnson to
tell him that I, fully concur with your posi-
tion. in regard to our foreign policy in Viet-
nam and Laos.
It's pathetic that Congress has so few men
of your caliber and stature. You will be re-
membered in_ history by your compassion
and unusual degree of intelligence.
Wishing you continued success in
efforts to achieve peace for mankind.
Sincerely yours,
EAST ORANGE, N.J.,
June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your ready sugges-
tions for the Vietnam situation show, as al-
ways, the long, deep thought that has gone
before. Your interview on the program "To-
day," this morning, brought me the only
comfort I have had on that situation,
I, like you, am voting and working for
President Johnson this fall. I admire him
very much. I feel that now at this very
moment is the time that he could well adopt
your plan and map out a program for our
beloved country which would save the United
Nations and finally solve, our problem in
Asia. That might take years, but we would
be on the right track.
For years I have been. your respectful
admirer.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.,
June 24, 1964.
The Honorable WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wish to let you
know of my wholehearted support for your
critical stand on the situation in Vietnam.
Several weeks ago I heard you speak about
this on the radio and was impressed by your
ideas. Up until this time, I had no notion
that anyone in Congress was at all opposed
to our provocative and shortsighted policy
in the Far East.
It is my understanding that the general
goal of American foreign policy should be
that of insuring the world peace and at the
same time striving for the collapse of world
communism. At times our efforts toward
both these goals go hand in hand, but some-
times they do not. Since the advent of the
nuclear age, the possibility of a military
solution is considered out of the question
by any thinking person. If so, then it seems
the most promising opportunity for victory
would consist of swinging the uncommitted
peoples of the world over to our side. If we
could do this, then we would have innumer-
able advantages over the Communists, e.g.,
economically, tradewise, and not the least,
the sheer number of people who would be
alined with us.
. These uncommitted multitudes in Asia and
Africa are just beginning to throw off the
shackles of colonialism, ignorance, and the
effects of racial and economic exploitation.
Communism, as taught in Moscow and
Peking, lures them economically from one
side. Democracy, and all of the advantages
which go with personal freedom, should have
at least equal appeal. But does it really?
To use the Madison Avenue phrase, just
what is our "image" in the eyes of the world.
I wonder what sort of glowing impression our
Government makes by support of a military
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 1
dictatorship which Is primarily engaged in
the business of killing peasants. Does this
really add to the stature of the world's num-
ber one power? I fear that to the many little
people of the world this must take on the
features of a David and Goliath struggle.
This feeds beautifully into the Communist
propaganda line that we are aggressive war-
mongers. By point of fact, in Vietnam we
are doing just that.
History teaches, and teaches bitterly, that
revolutionary activity cannot be effectively
put down unless the Government's effort has
the strong support of the people behind it.
Military rulers and petty dictators of all sorts
lack this popular support since by definition
their rule is self-imposed and maintained by
repression of the opposition. Often this is
bulwarked by American dollars.
Now let us take stock of some of our sup-
posed "allies" and "comrades In arms" in the
struggle against world communism. Of what
possible benefit is it to the American people
to be associated with creatures such as
Chiang Kai-Shek, Franco, Madame Nu, or
the present military junto in Saigon, to name
but a few. In time of peace, we absorb all
of the rotten aspects of their reputations by
the simple fact that we support and condone
them. In time of war, does anyone honestly
think that any of these small-time Hitters
will stand gallantly by our side. More likely
than not they will flee the country with the
gold we have given them as many others
have before.
This letter is already much too long. But
again r would say that your position in this
vital issue is important, even if It is not
popular at the moment. Neither are many
other positions popular where real courage
is required. Too often, basic political and
philosophical change must be made by in-
dividuals like yourself who stand for a time
alone in opposition to the compact majority.
Very truly yours,
SIDNEY L. COPEL, Ed. D.,
Clinical Pathologist.
Senator WAYNE MORSE, OF OREGON,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: We see you
on TV. You are right about going to war
with Red China.
It should be taken to the United Nations.
We don't want war; it should be solved in
some peaceful way. We don't want our sons
to die for such a fool cause. If they go to
war with Red China it will make us weak
and then Russia will step in. I think we
should keep our nose out of foreign affairs.
Let the United Nations do the job.
A FRIEND FROM OHIO
(With Three Sons,
not willing to see them die) .
JUNE 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MoRSE: We want you to
know how we admired you for your out-
spoken comments on the "Today" program
this morning.
You have given us a small feeling of secur-
ity, but what has us baffled Is that more
men, supposed to be the leaders of our coun-
try, just follow along.
Frankly we are very concerned about our
Nation and its future-the TV and maga-
zines and press distort the facts of what is
really happening and the average person in
our country today will not dig in and try
to find the truth. They would prefer to
watch a murder mystery or hillbilly pro-
gram on TV.
As an individual there seems to be so little
we cart do-so many of our young people
have been completely brainwashed.
Our America is not what It once was, or
what it should be. Everyone is out for his
own gain and what he can get for himself
with the least amount of effort.
One of the main troubles In out world to-
day stems from greed.
We both had the feeling that the pro-
gram panel was somewhat awestruck by
your comments, and we seriously doubt
that had they known, you perhaps would
never have been asked to appear. These are
the things they are trying to hide from the
people.
Please keep the courage of your con-
victions as we need more men in Washing-
ton, like yourself, to fight these battles.
Yours truly,
Mrs. MARVIN S. COCHRANE.
TORRANCE, CALIF.
June 22, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MoRsE: I want to thank
you for the position you have taken against
the continued and increasing undeclared
war in Indochina. It is a small comfort
that we have at least one > enator with some
decency left.
I suppose the theory is that village-
burning and the rest of it was legalized long
ago by the British and such modern im-
provements as we may add are only natural,
the people being "natives" who put no
value on human life. Besides, they haven't
any aircraft and we have a deal with the
Russians.
Admiral Felt announced this weekend
that we are going to risk war with China,
but that China would be afraid to risk war
with us, since they know we are too strong.
This sounds like the thinking of Douglas
MacArthur, who ended up wanting to use
cobalt bombs.
Presumably Felt's statement is policy,
since he is commander in chief. And pre-
sumably this is the policy of the President,
the State Department, and the Government.
All I know is, we never voted for it. What
seems to be the case is that the war-happy
generals and the CIA invasionmakers are
running the show and this business of
democracy and an election is nonsense and
just for the papers.
It seems hopeless to try to do something
about it since It is not subject to vote or
to control by elected representatives. The
whole thing proceeds as though GOLDWATER
bad won-and he's not even nominated yet.
Sincerely,
JOHN V. MANNING.
(Copy to President Lyndon B. Johnson.)
KNOXVILLE, TENN.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Not being a constit-
uent of yours I write as an American citizen
to say that I fully agree with your position
stated on the TV "Today" program this date
that our President does not have the consti-
tutional right to prosecute war in South
Vietnam.
However, you also said that you were going
to the Democratic convention and support
the President and do all you could to insure
his reelection.
This is the second time recently that I
have heard a U.S. Senator seriously disagree
with and oppose the President on an issue of
tremendous importance-this time you say
real war could result-and then heard the
Senator announce that he will help reelect
the erring one. The logic of such a course
escapes the ordinary person, and I should
like to ask how we in a democracy can hope
to secure the good government and peace we
so earnestly desire if we continue to vote
for, support, and reelect those whom we say
oppose such? I hope the answer Is not the
old worn out one that all the other prospec-
tive candidates, both Democratic and Re-
publicans, would do worse things.
With assurance of my esteem, I am,
Very respectfully,
N. W. BOWDEN.
P.S.-The above inquiry from one born
and reared a Democrat will probably seem to
ignore party loyalty when the issue tran-
scends it in Importance. It is a sincere in-
quiry.
Senator WAYNE MoRSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MoRSE: We are writing to let
you know that we agree with your views on
Vietnam, and we admire you for your cou-
rageous and forceful expression of them.
We hope you will continue to find it possible
to talk sense even when this touches on the
sensitivities of people in high places. We
are confident that good sense will prevail,
and that in the long run the course of world
events will be determined by those who are
prepared to face issues Iealistically and with
human understanding.
Sincerely yours,
MARGARET FINN.
ROBERT FINN.
(Copies President Lyndon B. Johnson and
Secretary Robert S. McNamara.)
JUNE 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR WAYNE MORSE: I agree with
you every time you open your mouth. On
the situation in Vietnam you make sense.
The ominous appointment of General
Taylor to ambassadorship is extremely
alarming. I have written the President,
also.
You are, I know, a man of stature among
men of a ludicrous political specie.
We cannot afford the luxury of playing
this war game, lest the world be launched in
a third world war, directed (I might add)
at the North American Continent, as well as
engulfing the entire world.
Please, take continued courage to speak
out in the Halls of Government for what is
politically and morally right. My husband
also agrees with you.
I know you have had many well-wishers.
Sincerely,
Los ANGELES, CALIF.,
June 26, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington. D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Please let me con-
gratulate you on your outspoken and cou-
rageous stand with regard to Vietnam. I am
wholeheartedly in agreement with you, and
I am sure that many, many, who, like you,
are in possession of the facts, know that you
speak the truth but lack your courage, and
would endanger America and the future of
the world rather than risk political careers.
I should think that even those who do not
agree with you would have great admira-
tion for your integrity. The tragic truth
is that history, I am sure, will prove you
were right, but, I am afraid, too late to
save us.
My profoundest respects to a true Ameri-
can.
MILDRED ROGERS.
(Copy to President L. B. Johnson.)
JUNE 24, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Your talk on TV
about the U.S. policy I'm sure is shared by
many-why don't they stand up and be
counted.
This policy will continue only as long as
the mass of thepeople are ignorant, or for
one reason or other afraid to speak up.
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196-jU1 AZIZEGURD SEiV~ E 1165
Your referral to the 30 Austrjali .na. doubt
ing to 80 was an eye opener, although we
should; know by now how such things work.
Please, Senator MORSE, try to get on TV and
radio oftener-make the people realize it's
their lives and the lives of their loved ones
that are at stake.
I wish there was some organization I
could join to help others to wake up and
be counted, as it really is later than they
think-much later-maybe even too late.
Sincerely,
PEGGY KLEMPNER.
JUNE 25, 1964.
DEAR MR. MORSE: Just heard you on the
"Today" program, and you are the first one I
have listened to that has made any sense. I
have .always thought that the Congress made
the decision it we were to have war, but
President Johnson seems to be the one to
decide. Like you I don't think Red China
can be bluffed with our threats, and just
might fool us, if we think they will back
down.
They have 700 million people as you say
they don't care about human life and they
could send waves and waves of men against
us. Khrushchev would love us to have war
with them that would save their men and
fighting with them, and in the meantime
when we were fighting China they would
start something in Berlin, and also in Cuba.
You're right we are the only ones in South
Vietnam where are our Allies?
They are smart they are staying out. Will
you please go on Meet the Press and tell the
people about this mess we got ourselves in.
Fighting thousands of miles away, and for-
getting all about Cuba right at our door-
steps.
Mr. MORSE I have always voted Democratic
but at-this time I feel like thousands more
people not to vote for anyone. If, you were
running for President I would vote for you
as you are the only one I ever heard that
thought the same as I do.
We are at war in Vietnam, as sure as the
sun will rise tomorrow, and sending an Army
man to take Lodge's place does not look good
to me. What good does it do to have a
United Nations if the problems can't be
brought to them to settle, I have also won-
dered what they are doing all along about
this crisis in South Vietnam? Can one man,
the President, make this decision to have our
boys killed as they are every day over there
(he has two girls) and talk so brave we will
fight to the finish.
As you said we cannot police Asia, maybe
Russia (Khrushchev) is pretending to be
angry at China and provoke a war with us
then go in with China. Its easy to start a
war, but to stop it and get out of it is
another thing. Our Allies as you say are
sitting on the sidelines, and saying what
fools.
De Gaulle sees the folly of us doing what
we are doing, and he is not going along
with us in our decisions to make a fool of
ourselves. That "Washington Pipeline"
be better for him. _ Playing right into his Our Government has not lived up to the
hands. Geneva Agreements of 1954 and the world
Please, Senator MORSE, you are the most knows this. We will need to bring U.S. policy
intelligent man yet to go on TV and tell into line with the peaceful purposes of the
the people "wake up, America" before its too United Nations, and respect the longing of
late, and gets out of hand, and brings us mankind for peace. I, for one, feel that
to. war. China would respect world opinion as ex-
ALONE pressed through the United Nations.
Our allies are not with us in spirit. Some- Very respectfully yours,
times I feel like a voice in the wilderness; W. F. UNRUH.
there are-so many things I seem to feel that.
are not right, but what can I do?
China? There lies a sleeping giant. Let
him sleep. For when he wakes, he will move
the world.
Napoleon said that years ago. Will close
this letter, and don't remain quiet; Mr.
MORSE, you have the right answers.
Mrs. A. ENsxo.
ST. Louis, Mo.
P.S.-Please excuse this typewriting; its
this crazy machine.
NORTH NEWTON, KANS.,
June 24, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We are grateful to
you for what you are doing in the Senate
and on television to change U.S. southeast
Asia policy. The enclosed copy of my letter
to the Secretary of State expresses my views.
Very respectfully yours,
W. F. UNRUH.
P.S.-You need not take the trouble to
answer this letter. I am writing to let you
know how glad we are for men like you in
our Senate.
The editor of the Correspondent quotes
a Japanese intellectual of Tokyo who has
been in touch with some Chinese intellec-
tuals as follows:
"My friend, there is one thing I fear more
than anything else. It is that the United
States may carry the Vietnam war into the
North. There is absolutely no question but
that the Chinese would then enter the war
against the Americans. They are desperate-
ly afraid of America. Chinese on all levels
see it as the aggressive and expansionist
center of world imperialist reaction. They
would enter the Vietnamese war as a matter
of national survival. This is as certain as
that we sit here."
NORTH NEWTON, KANS.,
Hon. DEAN RUSK, June 24,1964.
Secretary of State,
State Department,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SECRETARY RusK: The news release
that our President has appointed Gen.
Maxwell Taylor, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, to replace Henry Cabot Lodge in
South Vietnam, and that our Government
is considering going into war with China by
military action against North Vietnam is
frightening to us. To go to war with China
I feel would be a tragic blunder because it
installing a new missile in Cuba that doesn't would cost millions of lives and would turn
need a launching pad. Ca able of being world against us. A professed Christian
Christian
g
nation surely should not do what many be-
launched from a nk-type vehicle, the mis
range from 600 to 1,100 miles. lieve will lead to a world war.
allow the
Mr. MORSE, please shout from the hilltops United Why does not our Governmentsolution to the
we are doing wrong to stay in Vietnam, also south Nations to se
where are the Natioalist Chinese (I spelt United Nations Asia problem? b alem? Through the
that wrong) but will you ask will Chinese cipline ne China a a and world help bring ring about a would so lu
-inese?
Years Ir ad ahbook cal led ago en when Aswas,, a kid tion. The solution might not suit us in
unsb soiuuon possiole at this time. I feel by American Armed Forces may result in
When Japan started the war I then figured strongly that U.S. unilateral military action the union of all the people of Asia into a
maybe the yellow races would get together is inexcusable when we have the United race war against the white Americans, and
then. You never hear anything any more Nations organization to help keep the peace. at the same time may result in drawing
about Red China and Russia being at odds Therefore, I wish to make another plea the Chinese and Russians together against
since we took over and are fighting Khru- that our Government bring the South Viet- the United States.
shchev's battles. Boy, is he jumping with nam problem to the United Nations Assem= Today the Asahi paper published in Tokyo
glee? Just what he wanted, things couldn't bly or to the Geneva Conference for holution. stated and I quote, "A war between United
PHILADELPHIA, PA.,
June 26,1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I would like to take
just, a moment to tell you how much I have
admired, over the years, your courageous and
often single-handed fight for principle, truth
and right.
Specifically I want to encourage you to
continue in your opposition to our uncon-
scionable involvement in Vietnam. This,
and the Cuba business, have made me
ashamed of my country, ashamed in a fun-
damental and permanent manner. These
issues are crucial to what we as a nation
believe and stand for, and if they represent
the real answer, then-well, then I shall re-
main ashamed.
I would like to describe myself as a young
college graduate-well, 32 years old-a civil
servant, father, property owner and gen-
erally unexceptional. Sometimes the source
of support is as important as the support
itself.
Please keep up your efforts. I think you
have demonstrated that the voters will sup-
port this kind of politics even more than the
usual kind.
Sincerely yours,
ROBERT H. HANSTEEN.
ALHAMBRA, CALIF.,
Senator WAYNE MORSE, June 26, 1964.
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I listened to your broad-
cast this morning on the "Today" TV pro-
gram, and I am writing as an American
citizen In support of your position that war
is not the solution to the problems that face
our government in southeast Asia.
My wife and I have spent our lives as
Baptist educational missionaries in China
and of late years in Japan. Our purpose has
been to teach the Christian way of life to
students and to the people.
We have often found ourselves unable to
support our commercial and industrial in-
terests of the United States who have too
often looked upon the Chinese labor and
resources as an opportunity to make money
by use of cheap labor and cheap raw ma-
terials. This system also made a small num-
ber Chinese of the compradore class rich,
while the lot of the farmer, the intellectuals,
and the craftsmen became worse and worse.
The occupation of China by the U.S. Armed
Forces during 1945-48 did nothing to help
the common Chinese, indeed their lot be-
came worse.
Since 1948 the great western powers have
given up their colonial policy so-called ex-
cept the United States who are now engaged
in a war with Vietnam to prevent the people
of Vietnam from having political and eco-
nomic control of southeast Asia.
Senator CHURCH of Idaho, on the "Today"
show stated in his broadcast that 1aron
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States and China would be of truly great
concern to us Japanese who also live in
Asia," unquote.
The hour is very late maybe too late to
avoid a great war in the Pacific, but I know
you will do your best to get the issues before
the American people and what they face it
they try to use raw military power against
the nearly 2 billion people of Asia.
Please do your best Senator in this time
of crisis to help us.
Respectfully your,
STERLING BEATH.
JUNE 26, 1964.
a war which we cannot win and for which
we have no heart.
Those in the highest offices have lied to us
until we have no confidence n what we are
told-the latest, denial of the resignation of
Lodge when we know, now, he had resigned
when the denial was made. The replace-
ments weren't decided overnight.
The administration making a fool of itself
to its countrymen and the whole world-
Johnson expecting plaudits for trying to
"settle the crisis in Cyprus" while preparing
for a real war in Asia. Stating that Russia
"agrees" to stay out of a war with Red China,
expecting it to break a pact with Red China,
but not to break that agreement.
Why have GOLDWATER and Wallace gone
over so dramatically? The people see what
is taking place and will vote for anyone who
will promise to reverse the present trend.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Yesterday I saw and
heard you on the "Today" program of NBC.
What you said is important, not only for
the United States but for the whole world
and I hope you will continue your fight to
have this brought to the U.N.
If we fought a war in southeast Asia, the
problems there would still be unsolved,
just as they are in Korea. These problems
are compounded, rather than reduced by
war.
Also, I hope you can help to see that the
laws of the United States apply also to the
Slate of Mississippi. Our son Douglas is
among the young voter registration educa-
tors there. The rights of citizenship must
be extended to all Americans.
Greetings to TERRY OLSON.
Sincerely yours,
HARVEY F. BATZ.
P.S.-Formerly from Montana and still re-
membering our discussion on the plane going
to India (in 1958).
CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Although I have written
you before, sir, my admiration and gratitude
for and to you are of such dimension that I
must let you know again.
I'm grateful to providence that we have
men of your caliber. You are my favorite
Senator and have been for many years; may
God bless you, sir.
My view runs parallel with yours, sir, from
alpha to omega.
Knowing that God is just, I often tremble
over my country's behavior; but I know
that you intrepidly endeavor to retard the
trigger-happy ones. Again Senator MORSE,
"It may make a difference to all eternity
whether we do right or wrong today."
May I also ask you, sir, to convey my
gratitude to your fellow Senators HUMPHREY,
CHURCH, and others of good will.
As for the vultures-let them shrill.
Thanks again and again, sir.
Respectfully and gratefully yours,
HJALMAR JOHNSON.
BUFFALO, N.Y.,
June 25, 1964.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank you very
much for explaining on the "Today" show,
why our southeast Asian war problem, has
not been taken to the United Nations. It is
a unique experience today to be told the
truth, and I am most grateful to you, as are
all of my neighbors, with whom I have
spoken this morning.
DETROIT, MICH.,
June 26, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I certainly want to con-
gratulate you on your stand regarding the
expansion of our military activities in south-
east Asia. I can't see where the administra-
tion is trying to save anything but face; and
believe me I don't think the administrative
face that they will save, is worth the live@
of our boys who already have been killed
there. Much less the lives of the many
thousands more who will be killed with an
expanded war.
I further think, that it's too expensive a
lesson in lives for our military to obtain
practical experience in this manner. I was
under the impression that the Congress had
the power to declare war. Are you, worthy
gentlemen, of these two legislative bodies
going to surrender this responsibility to the
administration?
It seems to me that too many legislative
prerogatives are being surrendered to the
administrative branch.
I'm sending a copy of this letter to Senators
McNAMARA and HART of Michigan, and Con-
gressman BROOMFIELD from my district.
Yours very respectfully,
J. M. RoBINsoN.
(Copies to Senator HART, Senator Mc-
NAMARA, and Congressman BROOMFIELD.)
ADRIAN, MICH.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I've just heard you
on the "Today" show.
You have given me hope, as you undoubt-
edly have millions of others who heard you
express your views so daringly and so
clearly-that someone in Washington is
aware of what is going on and even though it,
is going against the actions of leaders in his
own party, has the courage to ask what the
majority of your countrymen are asking-
Why are we acting alone? Why are we by-
passing the United Nations? Why are we
sending our soldiers to die in the Far East?
We are rebelling against what those in
high office are doing to our country-the
Supreme Court making our laws and scrap-
ping the Constitution. Taking away the
rights of the majority and catering to a
minority resulting in chaos. Getting us into
there; and we are destined to the same ex-
perience in southeast Asia, if we stay there.
You will notice that our European allies,
with 100 years experience in Far Eastern
matters, are offering little help.
I fully appreciate that the executive de-
partment has the responsibility of foreign
policy but the legislation department are
the ones that vote the money and can con-
trol the situation.
Very respectfully yours,
J. M. ROBINSON.
(Copy to Senator MORSE.)
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
DEAR SIR: We are very proud of you to
stand up and speak against the sending of,
Americans to South Vietnam. I cannot
understand how we have a right to risk any
kind of a war anywhere. We think you are
a very wise man and know it takes rare
courage to speak up in the way that you
have.
Sincerely yours,
BEVERLY HILLS, CALIF.,
June 25, 1964.
My DEAR SENATOR: I am the costar of what
has become a popular American television
series, "McHale's Navy". I tell you this
for purposes of identification because I know
it matters little to you.
What I did want to say is that there are
those of us that sleep better at night know-
ing you are in the U.S. Senate.
Please keep up the good fight. You repre-
sent not only Oregon, but all of us.
OMAHA, NEBR.,
June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: When I watched you
this morning on the "Today" show on NBC,
when you voiced your opinion on Vietnam I
was glad about the clear way you explained
about a sad point in our present-day his-
tory.
Sorry that this is but the stand of a minor-
ity but we can grow. I say "we," because
I fully share your viewpoint on the situa-
tion.
Wishing you success,
ILSE RUTH KUTTNER.
FLINT, MICH.,
June 26, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: After wondering
aloud the last few weeks not knowing where
I stood concerning South Vietnam, I now
find myself compelled to urge you to continue
your lonely battle against the U.S. Senate.
The American public is being pushed into
a war which could feasibly ruin the United
States, the United Nations, and the world-
and they will have no conception of why
we will be fighting.
Any assistance I, as a citizen of the United
States and of this world, can do to help in
your fight, I will gladly do.
Sincerely,
LEROY A. LOTT, Jr.
Senator PHILIP A. HART,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: I heard Senator MORSE this
morning on the "Today Show" and agree with
him completely, as far as our foreign policy
in the Far East Is concerned. I'm sending
you a copy of the letter I've written him to-
day. I certainly solicit your activity in sup-
port of his attitude.
it seems to me that thinking men, who
remember Korea, and the thousands upon
thousands of American men and women who
lost their lives or were otherwise maimed
or severly crippled, do everything possible
to avoid another conflict.
Not only did we not win thewar in Korea,
but we are continuing to lose the peace
CANOGA PARK, CALIF.,
June 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MoasE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR, SENATOR MORSE: Every effort should
be made to fight against the confirmation
of Gen. Maxwell Taylor.
The - appointment of the military to a
diplomatic post in this critical area at this
critical time is an exposure of our intention
to escalate the war.
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This could well lead to a nuclear conflict
and should be opposed with every energy
at your'disposal.
''JUNE 23, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Thank goodness for
the voice Of WAYNE MORSE raised against the
Vietnamese fiasco. That sorry, sorry war-
with all those pitiful people embroiled in all
that "modern" savagery.
What can the administration be thinking
of-election, I suppose-and God help us if
the Republicans get elected though some-
times I can't see much difference between
them and us.
Of course the United Nations should be
taking care of this matter.
And now-well I can't go into Cuba-this
is to say-all of my friends agree with you.
Sincerely,
MARY GWEN OWEN.
SOUTH FORT MITCHELL, KY.,
June 25, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR:I would be lax as an interested
American and as one of your most ardent
admirers and supporters, if I did not express
my views on your appearance on "Today" this
date.
It is a regrettable fact, but a few of us
know that the policy being pursued today, is
still Dulles brinkmanship,, and only a new
administrator, and It is far more regrettable
that you, one of the best qualified supporters
of a better America and world, has to get on
your high horse and take out after the one
leader who too stands for in most part the
things you stand for, as you and I know this
is the very thing the GOP, who cannot think
of anything good or constructive to propose,
so they spend their time trying to pick up a
scrap of any difference within the Democratic
ranks and exploit it using the press, and
TV which they in 98 percent control.
I want to compliment you and your honest
and forthright "Morse Manner" disagreeing,
caused by honest differences of opinion;
which I feel is too right for comfort, as I
clearly understand you and from listening to
you back on radio, as Republican, then In-
dependent, and as Democrat, also in our con-
vention, as I work as a representative of the
International Association of Machinists AFL-
CIO and am away from home trying to assist
those who struggle to make ends meet to
feed, house, educate, and clothe their fami-
lies.
You know and I too know that this ap-
pearance had great impact on millions who
will not write, and so the GOP syndicated
columnists who decry everything will use
this expression for their own selfish and for
most part stupid partisan purposes to try and
gain political jobs, for those who would make
fast GOP war.
Excuse typing as I am better machinist,
rather than typist, using the hunt and peck
system.
Your admirer and supporter,
MATTHEW CARR.
PHILADELPHIA, PA,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Listening in on your
television interview yesterday, I am proud to
know that we have men of your caliber in
Washington.
I am 100 percent behind your suggestion
to take our Vietnaxp problem to the United
Nations,
BIRMINGHAM, MICH.,
June 25,1964.
SENATOR WAYNE MORSE.
HONORABLE SIR: I want to complement you
on your views, expressed on the "Today" show
concerning our foreign policy in southeast
Asia.
I am the average American; voiceless, and
concerned about the "American image"
throughout the world. We have enough
sense to know something is rotten in Den-
mark, judging by the gaseous bubbles ema-
nating from the cesspool, but confused by
the doubletalk. We don't know what it is.
You strangthened out the string for us this
morning. Let's call a spade a spade, and
proceed to dig with it. America deserves
better representation than some of our people
are offering.
More power to people who think and speak
as you do. I am a working man, 70 years
old, have been a Democrat all my life. I
don't have to worry about eating any more,
but am still a 'Democrat.
I'd like to shake your hand.
WINFRED KOLLARS.
JUNE 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I want you to know
how grateful I am to you for trying to keep
us out of a war. The nuclear weapons today,
in case of a war, will destroy our civilization
that took centuries to build.
FANNIE LANDER.
CHICAGO, ILL.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Keep up the resist-
ance to Johnson's brinkmanship. This
alleged war for self-determination once
seemed ridiculous and now seems disgust-
ing. Clearly the people of Vietnam, north
and south, are quite determined that their
future shall not be dictated to them by the
United States. I don't . know what the
Bhuddists in Saigon want, or what Ho Chi
Minh wants, or what the prisoners in those
"free" and fortified hamlets want, nor do I
think they are sure of their aims either, but
I am pretty damn sure that they do not
want more U.S. generals, advisors, planes,
guns, murder, and mayhem.
Please push for U.N. guaranteed neutrality,
U.N. border patrols and inspectors, etc., for
the whole of southeast Asia. A neutral buffer
belt around China seems to be our best hope.
Why don't you and Senators GRUENING,
MANSFIELD and any other rational or semi-
rational Senators put together a policy state-
ment, get signatures from both Houses, pub-
licize it, embarrass people (L.B.J., Taylor,
Lodge, et al.) with it.
See if you can't hold up Senate approval
of Maxwell's appointment. Will there be
hearings first? Then grill him on his
"unique" qualifications for the ambassa-
dorial job.
What can be done to curtail L.B.J.'s power
in this area? How best to expose the hypoc-
risy of our southeast Asia policy?
Yours,
CHARLES KEIL.
SARASOTA, FLA.,
June 25, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.:
Until today, when I listened to what you
had to say about our policy in Asia, I thought
you were a maverick, but now I'm one of the
millions who are behind you 100 percent.
When will Congress take inventory, and
start taking back many of the powers it has
delegated to. the White House and put the
executive branch of our Government in the
right constitutional perspective.
tl
Please continue your efforts for the good United Nations
Itistour money thateruns
of our Nation. most of that debating club, and if it no
Yours very truly, longer serves any worthwhile purpose, let's
Mrs. JOHN FELGENHAUER. get out of it.
15163
My hat's off to you sir, for saying what
few, if any other Senator, would have the
courage to say. There is still hope for us
with men like you on the Hill. I was almost
ready to fly my flag at half mast come the
4th, for all the freedoms and constitutional
rights I have lost.
F. J. JAXES.
P.S.-Written in person, and since I have
no sight, I hope you will forgive any mis-
spelling, and/or typographical errors.
Thanks.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE:
You said a mouthful.
Pour it on.
In the great tradition of Abraham Lincoln,
you have dared stand up and say that the
Government of the United States is war-
mongering and must stop. You perform an
inestimable service to the American people.
Believe that we people, though confused,
disoriented, and scared (not only by fear of
war, but by fear of persecution if we voice
our fear of war) will stand up and support
a man of your stature who will carry a
consistent fight to the people on this ques-
tion.
What can I do to help?
Sincerely,
FREDERIC I. RINALDO.
AFTON, WYO.,
June 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: If we only had more
Senators like you the world would be a bet-
ter place.
We could expend our energies on China
and be a pushover for Russia. We do not
want war. We should pull out of Vietnam.
God bless you.
Mr. and Mrs. ROY GARDNER.
P.S.-Keep speaking up for that which is
right.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: Some "unthinkable
thoughts" which should be publicized.
We (the United States) refused to sign the
1954 Geneva Conference Agreement on Far
Eastern Affairs which stipulated that a
plebiscite be held in North and South Viet-
nam in 1956.
We instead strengthened our ties with Ngo
Dinh Diem (later recognized as a fraud and
murdered).
We sent a general in civilian clothes to
assist the Diem regime "as an adviser."
We sent more than 16,000 armed men
without the necessary approval of Congress
to carry on a war.
We now call it a war and decorate casual-
ties accordingly.
We now send another general, presumably
in civilian clothes, as Ambassador to South
Vietnam.
We now threaten to attack North Vietnam
from South Vietnam and the South China
Sea and Laos from Thailand.
We call the rebels of South Vietnam and
Laos Vietcong or Communists, not "Washing-
ton rebels."
Congress has not declared war and the
mass of people of the United States do not
want war.
Who is running this country? Is it Mc-
Namara who represents the capitalistic in-
terests?
The voices of Senators MORSE, FULRRIGHT,
and GRUENING must be louder and persist-
ently echoed throughout the land. Let no
one be so greedy or puerile and fall to be
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aware that, if the United States attacks
North Vietnam and China, Soviet Russia will
not remain Idle. Our own treatment of the
Negroes and Asians will limit aid and friend-
ship from the African and Asian Continents.
This is the nuclear age where dollar di-
plomacy is on the wane because the Baruch
plan failed which left the United States with-
out a monopoly of nuclear power.
Just as the industrial-military complex
assumes the privilege of issuing almost
daily press releases which promote the in-
terests only of the- industrial-military com-
plex so should our Foreign Relations Com-
mittee, our elected Senators and Represent-
atives, who represent the people and not
1 1 interests issue as many releases
WM. P. ENGEL.
spec a ,
which reveal a deep concern :for our country PROVIDENCE, 26, 1964.
as a whole, without ulterior motives limited June
With best wishes.
Sincerely yours,
NORTH NEWTON, KANS.,
June 25, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We were downright
relieved to hear the ideas you expressed on
the "Today" show this morning. We wish
these- convictions were more widespread. It
seems to us, too, our military activities in
Vietnam are just for nothing-for nothing.
We have high regard for President Johnson
and we can't understand why he and Dean
Rusk and MacNamara, etc.. are for going on
with this futile war. How can we bring
about a change in policy? It's so tragic to
see what's happening.
Respectfully,
Mr. and Mrs. WILLIS RICH.
P.S.-South Vietnam should be a United
Nations problem.
DEAR SENAToII MORSE: Congratulations for
a rare and courageous voice speaking out for
a sane and sober approach to our South Viet-
namese policy.
As you mentioned, the Vietnamese war is
McNamara's war-but it also seems true, as
a reporter questioner put it to you--whether
the forthcoming election was not a reason
for the President's warlike activity?
I believe it is true, that with cessation
of war, our economy will suffer, unless our
economic planners work out a program of
reconversion to peacetime industrial pro-
duction-the future does not look too bright.
We all look -forward to your good health
and clear thinking.
Sincerely,
BERKELEY, CALIF.,
June 24, 1964.
to fight in other nations, it's time someone
tells the folks who are responsible for it.
What is wrong with our U.N. representatives?
I sent a son to the Second World War and I
know what it means for a mother to send her
dear sons tofight on foreign soil. He started
in North Africa and got clear around to
France. Was gone 3 years. I think we
mothers might put a stop to it if we would
fight a little too. I've been a Republican but
when a see a Democrat who gets things done
I'm for him. I don't want to see my grand-
sons have to go and fight in other nation's
wars. Keep up the good work.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
D.C.
Washington
,
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: It was with a great
deal of pleasure that I listened to your inter-
view yesterday.
Please talk this over with other Senators,
the U.N., and President Johnson.
Thanking you.
Most sincerely,
Mrs. ORVILLF, G. WITHERS.
INK, ARK., June 26. 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: These few words to
compliment you on your stand in South
Vietnam. The whole blame country and all
the American capital invested there isn't
worth the life of one American soldier.
Sooner of later we are going to have to get
out and the sooner the better.
W. A. GILBERT.
NEWTONVILLE, MASS.,
June 27, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE of OREGON,
Foreign Relations Committee,
U.S. Government.
DEAR SENATOR: Thank you for speaking
the truth so openly about the mistaken
policy of the United States of America in
South Vietnam.
The International League for Peace and
Freedom founded by Jane Addams and Emily
Balch is working as hard as we know how
for the change in policy that you advocate.
All the forces there should be under the
U.N. as you suggest. He Chi Minh tries to
run a socialistic government in North Viet-
nam. He does not want to be ruled by the
Chinese Communists.
Mr. Chakravarty, an Indian intellectual,
who teaches at Boston University, recently
spent 3 weeks in and about Saigon. He says
that it is a reign of terror there, that these
gentle people had a good agriculture on their
fertile soil, but you said, I think that U.S.
Army troops occupy the peninsula, which
contained the best ricefields.
Yes, we are letting the Psntagon and the
arms manufacturers run our foreign rela-
tions. When Japan's - military clique got
power, they brought Japan into the war on
the side of Hitler.
The "Today" show is watched by millions
all across the country. I am writing to
congratulate them on having such an able,
forthright speaker on their program as Sen-
ator MORSE, from Oregon.
I have cousins living In the beautiful city
of Portland, Brener, and Snowhill, and Dee.
Gratefully yours,
ALICE L. MvRDOCH.
GLEN ELLYN, ILL.,
June 27, 1964.
I hope this can be done, and quickly, oo.
KATHARINE K. MOORE.
MY DEAR SENATOR MORSE: You can always
be depended upon for sensible suggestions
with regard to our ever-increasing problems.
I hope you will continue to grace the Sen-
ate for many years to come.
Sincerely yours,
KATHARINE K. MOORE.
'FOXBORO, MASS.,
June 27, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I congratulate you
on your efforts to bring the Senate to a
meaningful consideration of the space au-
thorization bill.
In the past-Telstar, Vietnam-in your
role as devil's advocate you have indeed
proven yourself a statesman.
I do wish I were a constituent of yours
that this letter and my feelings on your per-
formance would be of tangible value.
Best wishes for your future efforts.
SCHWEIZ, SWITZERLAND.
To Ambassador Adlai Stevenson, Senator
Morse, Senator Fulbright, Ifiplinger
Washington Letter, Stone's Weekly Let-
ter:
One of the best European newsletters,
Zuericher Wirtenhaftsbrief, who has excel
lent sources of information, reported from
Paris that De Gaulle fears President John-
son might be forced, still before elections,
into a "strike of violence" against China
(perhaps to prove that he is as "hard" as
GOLDWATER).
One of the two leading Swiss weeklies,
Zuericher Woche of Zuerich, published on
June 26, 1964, an editorial with the title
"America's Janus Head," comparing Amer-
ica's policy in Cyprus and in southeast Asia.
After a positive comment on America's
policy in Cyprus, it comments on America's
policy in southeast Asia with the following
sentences which are doubly remarkable be-
cause Switzerland is the most anti-Commu-
nist country in West Europe:
"In the last 14 days the American warn-
ings, or rather threats, against North Viet-
nam and China have been so frequent that it
is not too early to speak of a dangerous situ-
ation. The former commander in Saigon,
General Harkins, could publicly declare,
without being reprimanded, that it would
be very advantageous to risk war with China,
in order to protect South Vietnam against a
Communist takeover. Between May 17 and
June 21, American planes, in undisputable
violation of the Laos agreements, made more
than 200 reconnaissance and bombing flights
over the Pathet Lao territory.
"The appointment of the Chief of the
General Staff, Maxwell Taylor, as Ambassa-
dor of the United States of America in Sai-
gon shows who commands in South Vietnam
and what is planned. What would the Amer-
icans say if Marshal Malinowski would be
appointed as Ambassador in the German
Democratic Republic (East Germany) ?
"Obviously, the American circles who de-
cide policies, concluded the rift between
Moscow and Peiping became so deep and
irreparable that China can be treated the
hard way without Moscow considering this
as need to assist its ally. Perhaps these peo-
ple assume even a silent Russian consent.
One must warn against this. Similarly, as
the Soviet Union went into a trap in Cuba,
so Washington can get into a trap in south-
east Asia. Such action could end very
badly." -
In 1939, the German Government risked
war with Poland, assuming that England
would stay out. This error has cost the
lives of 30 million men, women, and chil-
dren. A similar error about China might
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: We have written
President Johnson urging him not to extend
the war In Vietnam, but we also want to
thank you for your tremendous efforts in
preserving peace in the world. Your stand
moved us to Write to the President and I am
sure that it will serve as a rallying point-
indeed it already seems to be doing so-for
those who want to live in peace. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Mr. and Mrs.. JERRY RICHARD.
OSKALOOSA, KANS.
SENATOR MORSE: I turned on the TV pro-
gram June 25, "Today" and must say keep
up the good work for peace.
i have felt all along it is such a miltake
to send our boys to Vietnam to mix in that
war. Our poor boys sent all over the world
VOICE OF THE PEOPLE,
Chicago Tribune, Chicago, Ill.:
Senator MORSE'S suggestion that the Viet-
nam problem be placed before the -United
Nations is an excellent one.
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41 1964 CONGRESSIONAL" RECORD - SENATE 1,5169
cost the lives of 800 million people in Amer-
ica, Asia, and Europe.
S. KAUFF74ANN,
Citizen of the United States of America,
Democratic Voter, Never a Communist
or Mgrnber of Any Communist-Front
Organization.
HOUSTON, TEX.,
June 24, 1964.
Hon. WAYNE MORSE,
Senate, Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: We have tried to the best
of our abilities to follow the developments
in South Vienam and find ourselves con-
stantly at odds with the concept of a military
solution.
It is therefore with particular pleasure
that we have followed your repeated requests
that the problems of southeast Asia be put
to pursue this course.
Sincerely,
Mr. and Mrs. M. A. ZUCx.
(Copies to the President of the United
States and the Honorable, RALPH YAR-
BOROUGH.)
ROGERS PARK COMMITTEE FOR A
SANE NUCLEAR POLICY,
Chicago, Ill., June 10, 1964.
Son. WAYNE.MoRs,E,
Senate Office Building,
Washington,D.C.
DEAR SENATOR;MoRSI: Rogers Park Chapter,
National Committee for a. SANE Nuclear
Policy wishes to praise the courageous and
enlightened stand you have taken on Viet-
nam.
In the struggle of rival ideologies it Is often
difficult to think in. terms of what Is best for
humanity as a whole. We ..Would like to
encourage your work in hopes of changing
the devastating course which our adminis-
tration has embarked upon in Vietnam.
Please continue your efforts in this field.
Very truly yours,
MELVIN KATZ,
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
Chairman.
JUNE 25, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I have just written
the President opposing the appointment of
General Taylor as Ambassador to South
Vietnam and opposing our dangerous role
In that area. I urged him to support your
position placing the entire matter before
the United Nations and letting that body
solve this problem-
I want to express my wholehearted support
to you and to your colleagues in the Senate
for speaking out and alarming the American
people to this grave threat to the peace of
the world and to the United Nations. , I
congratulate you and wish you good health
and the strength to carry on.
Sincerely yours,
Mrs. ANNETTE OIMRING.
Los ANGELES, CALIF.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: With reference to
the press interview on the. TV "Today"
show that was broadcast at 7:30 a,m., p.s.t.
on June,25, 1964.
We most,. heartily agree with you on all
points. The Vietnam situation should be
the function 1 of the United Nations to re-
solve. We as a ngtion have no business
whatsoever to send our boys to be killed in
what is really a domestic affair of, another
nation. That wornout slogan, "To Fight
No. 182-19
Communism", was used by Hitler as the
excuse for he the. Germans to conquer the
entire world.
No nation need have.4ny fear of commu-
nism, unless, the people of a nation are
suffering injustices, such as: unemployment,
racial discrimination, military dictatorship,
or the tendency thereto, economic Inequali-
ties where a portion, of the nation live in
luxury and a portion. live in dire poverty.
Our country is fortunate indeer to have
a Senator with your courage and rational-
ism, and to fearlessly state the facts as you
have. We are proud of your, Sir. We re-
gret that we do not have a greater number
of Senators with the same attributes,
Sincerely yours,
J. W. and NEVA BoURNIER.
JvNE 26, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I wholeheartedly
support your, position that we should not
get involved in a war on the mainland of
southeast Asia, and should withdraw our
military forces from South Vietnam.
Keep up the good work, I have just finished
writing to President Johnson supporting
your position, and am going to write my
Congressmen and Senators.
Sincerely,
BEN W. ANDERSON, Jr.
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I'm sure that a great
number of concerned people were relieved
and given fresh hope by your views on yester-
day's "Today" show of NBC.
More strength and courage to you and
others who have now for months given us
subscribers to the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
hope that the U.N. may be brought into a
peace settlement in Asia. It seems as if the
press and news media of all kinds have
guessed wrongly that your views and points
in favor of legal action through U.N. should
be suppressed. May the new awareness be
heightened also by a more tolerant view of
U.N. by Senator CHURCH'S remarks on "To-
day" this morning.
Thank you and blessings on your vigorous
stand for some way to have world authority
replace U.S. military domination in a new
world which will not accept the latter.
Sincerely,
MERWIN HUMPHREY.
Senator WAYNE MORSE. JUNE25,1964.
DEAR SIR: Just to let you know we are be-
hind you in your effort to open the eyes of
the American people on what is happening in
southeast Asia.
We will do our part to bring your message
to the people of California.
Sincerely,
Mr. and Mrs. CARLTON MOSS.
JUNE 25, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE.
Sin: Listening to you on the "Today" pro-
gram.
Am only an old woman, but I do now and
have always admired you. You talk like I
feel. But what can we little people do. I
do not like McNamara and never have, he
even looks too stern. Our Senator YouNG is
also a good man and does not like this busi-
ness in Asia. It bothers me because of our
boys getting killed out there. Does our
country want to rule the world. Thought
we were for peace. Also, I know plenty of
people who do not like to have our country
and our boys over in Asia. But we are noth-
ing. It does not matter how we feel or talk,
in Washington, they will go ahead and do
just whatever they like. I wish they in
Washington would get rid of the war mon-
gers. This is not a fine letter, but this Asian
thing bothers me a lot.
And please do all you can to help our boys.
And we talk about Russia. Who are we to
say anything.
Respectfully,
JUNE 27, 1964.
Senator WAYNE MORSE,
Congressional Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
SENATOR MORSE: Enclosed is a Carbon of a
letter I sent to President Johnson today with
regard to the dangerous situation in south-
east Asia. I want you to know that I will
do what little I can to see that the U.S.
military presence is removed from that part
of the world and that I am grateful for the
stands that both you and Senator GRUENING
have taken on that U.S. presence.
Sincerely,
President JOHNSON,
White House,
Washington, D.C.
M. PRESIDENT: The increasing involve-
ment of U.S. money, equipment, and troops
in southeast Asia is for me a source of rising
apprehension. It troubles me that when the
Attorney General of this country can say,
with regard to three civil rights workers
In Mississippi, that there is little he can do
under existing laws, that this same country,
in southeast Asia, can pursue a policy in
blatant disregard of the law, the Geneva
Accord, as well as the sentiments of the
peoples of both South Vietnam and Laos.
What can the justification be when the
Vietcong are fighting a legitimate civil war
with popular support in South Vietnam, and
the situation in Laos arises out of the right-
wing coup d'etat earlier this year rather
than the withdrawal of the Pathet Lao from
the coalition government which the coup
made inevitable. There can be no justifica-
tion for a policy that risks total war in an
area in which we have no rights save that
in withdrawing we might lose face. Do we
not have a greater obligation to all mankind
to preserve peace?
If I am called up to fight in southeast
Asia, I cannot with conscience do anything
else but refuse. I will not help to bolster
a regime so, terribly repressive as that of
South Vietnam, and though I would not
hesitate to fight for the legitimate defense
of our own country, I will not fight in South-
east Asia.
Sincerely,
OLNEY, TEx.,
June 26, 1964.
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR: Yesterday I saw you on the
"Today" program and I believe you are right
in your thinking on the southeast Asia ques-
tion. I hope you can put your program over
and if there is anything that we Americans
can help, let us know.
Yours Truly,
R. N. LUNN.
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.,
June 22, 1964.
DEAR SENATOR MORSE: I heartily endorse
and applaud your valiant efforts to extricate
this country from the war in South Vietnam.
I am appalled that this administration pub-
licly admits plans for extending the conflict
into another sovereign state, and am even
more appalled by the degree of apathy and
resignation in this country, that approves
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15170 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Jully 1
by its silence all the monstrous m:acbina- stated that in 1962 the Congress directed blood Cherokees who do. In the ritual of
tions of genocidal war. that a study be made as to ways and the Seven Clan, the members stand at seven
God bless you. means of solving the mass transporta- points around an eternal fire (the supreme
&rzpnw LZIPIEL tion problems of our metropolitan corn- great spirit).
Young members of the clan respect and
LANSING, munities. The report on that study is treat one another as brothers and sisters and
June 25, 1964. to be made on January 1, 1965. Whether consider all of the older members as their
Senators GEORGE D. AIKEN and WAYNE MORSE, or not in the-study the establishment of mothers and fathers and pledge to protect
U.S. Senate, a mass transportation system trust fund and care for them.
Washington, D.C. will be contemplated, I do not know. The "eternal flame," fed by fuel of wood,
GENTLEMEN: Please accept our support for I am having prepared a resolution is brought forth from a hiding place for
your courageous position on American poI- which will direct the Secretary of Com- regular worship ceremonies. Believers say
icy in the Far East as expressed in. your it was lighted back in antiquity, when light-
recent TV news statements. We hope other merce to make a study of the feasibility ning probably was the only source of fire,
Senators, including our own, will have the of establishing a trust fund to finance the and has been kept alive by the tribe ever
courage to join you. mass transportation system. My resolu- since.
Unless our completely bankrupt brute tion will specifically request that a study The flame was borne along the Trail of
force approach to Far East problems is re- be made to ascertain whether, out of the Tears in a brazier or earthen vessel from a
versed we may find that our country will fares of each community that is being hiding place in the fastness of Georgia hills.
faithful he Cherokees
has have to pay dearly for the widespread ten- helped, there may be taken a one-cent d a tribal significance
now
dency to put political considerations above or a two-cent charge, to be paid into the do not divulge. Only faithfkeepers know
all else. We can see no other honest ex- its hiding place.
planation for our so obviously ineffective trust fund, so as, at least in part, to fl- In the Civil War, the Cherokee Nation
(not to mention immoral) Par East policy. nance the subsidy. I shall have that fought on the side of the Confederacy.
Sincerely, resolution ready for introduction some- Members of the tribe owned slaves, but
Ro1ERT WASSERMAN. time within the next week. emancipated them February 18, 1863.
MARGARET L. WASSERMAN. I make this statement to call the at- Long before Columbus discovered America,
the Cherokees, to Senators HART and McNAMARA.) tention of mwhether colleagues or to not the we can, advisabil- one of the five civilized tribes,
studying in possessed tribal customs preserving the
Mr. MORSE. I shall speak at greater ity of rights of property ownership and providing
length on the subject today outside the part, make self-sustaining this huge new punishment for crimes. Tribal customs
morning hour, but I wish to say that the subsidy. served with the force of law until 1808, when
war should not be made our war in Asia. I yield the floor. the written statutes first came into existence.
We have no right to make it our war in The tribe's first organic law, patterned
somewhat on the U.S. Constitution, was
Asia. We have no right to kill American CHEROKEE TRIBE PRAISED adopted in 1817. Ten years later it was
boys In Asia. There is no basis for the President, the broadened to set up legislative, executive.
United States, not to have taken it to the Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. and judicial branches of the government.
United Nations long ago. That is our Cherokee Indians over many years have As far back as the 1820's the tribe members
treaty obligation. There is no basis for made a vital contribution to the devel- were building roads and schools.
our allies not having taken It to the oPment and culture of Oklahoma. Re- From the beginnings, Cherokee laws char-
cently the Kansas City Star, of June 7, acteristically encouraged education. Com-
United
countr N I am sad see and 1964, published a full-page story on Wil- pulsory attendance of schoolchildren was
country puuttinttin g g itself in the image and Iiam W. Keeler, principal chief of the pioneered by the Cherokees. They elected
the posture before the world that we are Tribe and a top official of the their chieftains by popular vote.
going to exercise our military might first, Cherokee Intermarriage of relatives, extending to
and then after everyone has surrendered, Phillips Petroleum Co. As an accom- cousins, was prohibited. A complete system
to us, we shall be willing to negotiate. paniment to the biography of Keeler as of courts, corresponding to our courts today,
Mr. President, we could not make a "a big chief, both of oil and Indians," included a supreme court and an attorney
greater historic mistake than that. One the Star devoted an article to the tradi- general. Until 1875, most crimes were
raHanging was pe. Larceny t of
for bmurde whipping.
of,the great mistakes being made is that tions and culture of the Cherokee's. The punishable
we have leaders in this country talking tribe's religion, laws, education, and cus- stock was a serious offense, the punishment
about this as our war in Asia. Who toms are described with such interest being 50 lashes upon the bare back for the
made it our war in Asia? How did it be- that I ask unanimous consent to insert first offense and 100 for the second. On their
come our war in Asia? It happens to be the article in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. third conviction, the culprits were hanged.,
a threat to the peace of the world, and The author says that the Cherokee cul- The Cherokees held truth in high regard,
it ought to be a subject of concern to all ture is revered by Cherokee descendants. and perjury was one of the most serious
peace-loving nations in the world. We I also admire it, as do most other Okla- off7ennse under their A laws. , the first news-Cherokee
ought to be trying to keep the peace in homans. paper in Oklahoma, was established in 1845
Asia and not make war. There being no objection, the article and printed in both Cherokee and English.
I disassociate myself from all the talk was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, The first long distance telephone west of the
about the war being our war, because we as follows: Mississippi River was between Tahlequah and
have no right to be making war in Asia. PROGRESS OF FAMED INDIAN TarsE A SOURCE or Fort Gibson. Greek and astronomy were In
mE IN OKLAHOMA the curriculum of tribal seminaries operating
P
URBAN MASS TRANSPORTATION
ACT OF 1964
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, yes-
terday the Senate passed the bill (S. 6)
authorizing the subsidy of mass trans-
portation systems throughout the United
States. Other Senators as well as I
voted against the measure primarily, I
believe, in the fear that the program
would grow interminably and involve a
cost far in excess of what anyone could
now imagine.
Some discussion took place about the
construction of the Interstate Highway
System in connection with the bill. We
know that the Interstate Highway Sys-
tem has been financed through a trust
fund into which moneys have flowed.
Those moneys coming from excise taxes
imposed specifically for the purpose of
financing the program. Yesterday I
R
The traditions and culture of the Cherokee in 1851.
Indians are revered by their thousands of When statehood was granted to Oklahoma
descendants, but by none more than their In 1907, the Cherokees and the other four
present principal chief, William W. Keeler, civilized tribes-Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek,
Phillips Petroleum executive who is the sub- and Seminole--ceased to exist as political
ject of the accompanying article. entities because their property passed into
Keeler's ancestors were among the more the domain of the 46th State.
than 18,000 Cherokees who were forded to
leave their homes in Georgia in the 1830's by
a. white man's government that, in retro-
spect, appears to have been singularly un-
enlightened. More than 4,000 of the Indi-
ans, men, women, and children, died on the
tortuous 1,000-mile march on the "Trail of
Tears" to Oklahoma Territory.
Signifying changes wrought by the passing
years, it was 2 years ago that the eastern
capital of the Cherokees at New Echota, Ga.,
restored at a cost of $95,000, was dedicated at
a special homecoming program attended by
Keeler and other distinguished members of
the ancient tribe.
Although Keeler does not worship in the
Seven Clan religion of his ancestors, he be-
lieves it is a source of inspiration for the full-
ALLEGHENY AIRLINES, A CARRIER
SERVING WEST VIRGINIA. STUD-
IES ACQUISITION OF JET-PROP
AIRCRAFT
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, Al-
legheny Airlines is one of three local serv-
ice air carriers which bring benefit to the
citizens of West Virginia. Serving three
major cities and areas of the Mountain
State-Huntington, Parkersburg, and
Wheeling-this progressive company
provides vital airfreight, airmail, and
passenger transportation capability on a
daily scheduled basis. As a partner in
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