OVERSIGHT AND COUNTERINTELLIGENCE DRAW SPEAKERS' FOCUS AT DINNERS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP99-01448R000301210005-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 28
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 21, 2013
• Sequence Number: 5
• Content Type: OPEN SOURCE

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VOL. X, NO. 4. FALL 1985
Oversight and Counterintelligence Draw Speakers' Focus at Dinners
Echoing two of the themes of this year's AFIO Con-
vention, Washington attorney Mitchel Rogovin and
Readers' Digest editor John Barron, in addresses deli-
vered at the convention's luncheon and banquet ses-
sions, added new insight to issues with which they have
deep familiarity.
Rogovin, who served as special counsel to the DCI
during the tumultuous investigative period of the 1970's,
detailed the Intelligence Community's relationships with
the Church and Pike Committees as it attempted to
respond to those committees' frequently hostile charges.
John -Barron
Honorary Director
and Banquet Speaker
Mitch Rogovin
Luncheon Speaker
He reminded the luncheon audience of the political atti-
tudes and public reactions of the period which caused
the investigations to end with a whimper, not a bang,
and gave his overall assessment of the effort. After all
the issues were aired, Rogovin said, it was concluded
that "CIA was not as bad as depicted, nor as good as
they thought themselves."
Barron, who had just returned from providing expert
testimony at the trial of a former FBI agent accused of
espionage, detailed major Soviet recruitment successes
in recent years and the impact each has had on our
nation's security. He also reviewed recent Soviet intelli-
gence failures-senior level defections and personnel
apprehended in the West-which he told the banquet
audience have been disastrous for the Soviets and have
left the USSR's intelligence services in severe disarray.
Barron expressed strong sentiments about the destruc-
tion of U.S. security and counterintelligence during the
1970's and questioned how much the United States has
regained of what was lost at the time. What good is a
National Agency Check, he asked, when all the records
have been destroyed? Barron was also critical of what
he views as inadequate internal security efforts to
thwart Soviet agents.
Gene Tighe Elected President
Thomas Remains Board Chairman
The newly-constituted AFIO Board of Directors has
announced that it has elected LG Eugene F. Tighe, Jr.
(USAF-Ret.), as President for the coming year. He will be
assisted by Dr. Walter L. Pforzheimer, who was elected
Vice President. Reelected as Secretary and Treasurer,
respectively, were Charlotta P. Engrav and Robert J.
Novak.
During its convention meeting, the Board also re-
elected MG Jack E. Thomas (USAF-Ret.) as its Chair-
man, and continued Dr. Louis W. Tordella as Vice
Chairman.
Elected to begin three-year terms on the Board are:
Capt. Richard W. Bates (USN-Ret.), John F. Blake, BG
Harry T. Hagaman (USMC-Ret.), Newton S. Miler, MG
Jack E. Thomas (USAF-Ret.), John H. Waller, and Lloyd
George Wiggins.
In addition, those continuing on the Board of Direc-
tors are: Ann` Caracristi, LTG John J. Davis (USA-Ret.),
Lee Echols, Samuel Halpern, Lawrence R. Houston,
Lyman B. Kirkpatrick Jr., MG Richard X. Larkin (USA-
Ret.), Dr. Pforzheimer, David Atlee Phillips, John Anson
Smith, LG Tighe, Dr. Tordella, W. Raymond Wannall,
and John S. Warner.
Capt. Bates, Halpern, Houston, Tordella and Waller
will also serve as AFIO's Executive Committee.
I
STAT
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Notes from National
The 1986 Membership Directory will be-printed in
January 1986 and mailed with the Winter Edition of
Periscope. The closing date for receipt of information for
listings is December 31, 1985. If you have a change of
address or if you wish to be listed in the directory and
have previously been a Restricted member, we need a
written notification to change your status.
For those members who did not attend the 1985
Convention, the following statistics were given concern-
ing AFIO membership: As of August 31, 1985, total
membership: 3239, Full Members: 2826, Associate
Members: 413. Included in the above figures are 503
Life Members. The Life membership drive of last year
was very successful. We had a total of 83, with 16 new
life members, 51 conversions from regular to life and 16
who took advantage of the 12 month installment plan.
We hope more members will consider conversion when
their dues notice arrives. Remember, dues to AFIO are
tax deductible as a charitable donation since AFIO has
been designated by the IRS as a Tax Exempt Organiza-
tion under section (501) c(3), IRS Code.
The following Chapters had representatives at the
National Convention and gave oral reports: Arizona, San
Diego, Florida Satellite, Florida Suncoast, Greater Chi-
cago, Montana, New England, New Mexico, Central
New York, Greater New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas
Notes from the Boardroom
The Board of Directors meeting on October 4, 1985,
was held during the 1985 Convention at the Crowne
Plaza Hotel, Rockville, Maryland. Sixteen Board members
were present and four absent but represented by prox-
ies. The AFIO officers and the Executive Director were
also present. Four Resolutions proposed for submission
to the membership for approval at the Business Session
on October 5 were discussed and approved (Resolutions
are printed elsewhere in this Periscope). The audited
Financial Report was presented by the Treasurer, Robert
J. Novak (summary is printed elsewhere in this Peri-
scope). Mr. Greaney reported on the status of AFIO
membership and noted there has been a positive re-
sponse to the Life membership letter sent with the dues
notices. 83 Life Members were received in FY 1985,
including both new and regular members who con-
verted to Life.
The Board meeting on October 5, 1985, was also
held at the Crowne Plaza Hotel. Eighteen members of
the Board were present, including the new and re-
elected members. The Board re-elected Major General
Jack E. Thomas, (USAF-Ret.) as Chairman; Dr. Louis W.
Tordella, Vice Chairman; Lieutenant General Eugene F.
Tighe, Jr., (USAF-Ret.), President; Dr. Walter Pforzheimer,
Vice President; Mrs. Charlotta P. Engrav, Secretary; and
Mr. Robert J. Novak, Treasurer. Mr. John H. Waller was
appointed a member of the Executive Committee by
General Thomas.
Submitted by Charlotta P. Engrav, Secretary.
Gulfcoast. We were pleased to learn that the name of
the Greater New York Chapter has been changed to the
Derek Lee Chapter in memory of its founder and former
member of the Board of Directors. Fred Rodell made us
all envious when he reported that the two dinner meet-
ings held in Houston each had more attendees than the
National Convention did this year.
The results of the election for members of the
Board of Directors were announced at the business
meeting. We are pleased that over 650 ballots were
received which is the largest number of AFIO members
who ever voted for the Board. We welcome the follow-
ing who were elected to the Board of Directors for a
three year term: Richard W. Bates, John F. Blake, Harry
T. Hagaman, Newton S. Miler, Jack E. Thomas, John H.
Waller, Lloyd George Wiggins. We want to thank the
following who agreed to have their names on the ballot:
Cecil C. Corry, Robert A. Dowd, Robert C. Roth, Fred
Rodell and George Scatterday.
The 1986 National Convention will be held in
Orlando, Florida, October 17 and 18, 1986. It will be
held at the Holiday Inn on International Drive and the
room rates are $44, single and $50 double occupancy.
Please plan to attend.
IN MEMORIAM
The Honorable Leslie C. ARENDS
Naples, Florida
Col Robert O. BROOKS, USAF(Ret.)
Springfield, Virginia
Col Norwood J. BROWN, USAF(Ret.)
McLean, Virginia
Col Eugene M. EMME, USAFR(Ret.)
Silver Spring, Maryland
Dr. Jeremiah N. FUSCO
Falls Church, Virginia
Mr. Donald F. JONES
San Antonio, Texas
Mr. John L. McINTYRE
Squantum, Massachusetts
Mr. Robert W. O'CONNOR
Cheverly, Maryland
Judge Stanley M. OHLBAUM
Silver Spring, Maryland
Col James W. SMITH, USMC(Ret.)
Sacramento, California
Mr. Russell F. SULLIVAN
Key West, Florida
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Convention '85
q
Joint Services Color Guard
at Convention Banquet
Chapter Reports
John Greaney
Executive Director
"Five Minutes per Chapter"
Dick Grant
Montana Chapter
Jerry Cerkanowicz
San Diego Chapter
Bill Bohl
Central New York Chapter
Jack Kuritzky
Satellite Chapter
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Chapter Reports
Scotty Miler
New Mexico Chapter
Charles Rockhill, Jr.
Rocky Mountain Chapter
Mike Speers
New England Chapter
Fred Lewton
Ohio Chapter
Tom Mackie
Greater Chicago Chapter
Donald Milton
Greater New York Chapter
Fred Rodell
Gulfcoast Chapter
George Wiggins
Arizona Chapter
Ray Saint-Germain
Suncoast Chapter
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Convention Adopts Resolutions Concerning Vital Issues
Resolution on .
Counterintelligence
WHEREAS, during the 1970's there was an erosion
by statute and Executive Order of our capability to pro-
tect the security of the United States both from domestic
and foreign subversive acts; and
WHEREAS, such acts have been furthered by an
increasing number of cases of espionage against the
United States by not only foreign agents but also by
American agents working on behalf of foreign powers
hostile to our security and interests; and
WHEREAS, during the 1970's there was a steady
dimunition of the strength and-ability of American coun-
terintelligence entities at home and abroad to counter
and defeat many of these hostile acts;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the
Association of Former Intelligence Officers, in conven-
tion assembled on 5 October 1985, urges the Executive
Branch of the Government through appropriate action,
and the Legislative Branch of the Government through
necessary statutory action, to take the following reme-
dial action:
1. Strengthen the American counterintelligence
mechanisms at home and abroad through such addi-
tional personnel, funds, and training as the present
situation requires.
2. Strengthen the Government's program for the
clearance of its employees (and its contractors) who will
have necessary access to classified information in gen-
eral and to special compartmented information in par-
ticular, with emphasis on reducing the number of
personnel having such access wherever possible.
3. Maintain detailed security/counterintelligence
files.
Resolution on Amendments to
Federal Tort Claims Act
WHEREAS, the Federal Tort Claims Act, since the
1971 Supreme Court decision in Bivins vs. Six Unknown
Narcotics Agents, now makes government employees
personally liable instead of the government for actions
taken in good faith within the scope of their authority
and duty; and
WHEREAS, since 1971 over 2600 "Bivins" law-
suits, many with multiple defendants totaling up to
10,000 employees, have been filed, and less than 20
have resulted in money judgments; and
WHEREAS, in publicly supporting proposed amend-
ments to the Act the Department of Justice has declared
the majority of these suits to be trivial and vindictive; and
WHEREAS, the current legislation has a chilling
and stiff ling effect on employees of the Congress, regu-
latory agencies, investigative agencies and other Govern-
ment bodies under its provisions; and
WHEREAS, the proposed legislative amendments
would not remove a citizen's legal recourse if wronged
by the Government but would curb harassing actions,
increase legitimate plaintiff's recoveries by encouraging
settlements by the Government, and reduce the Govern-
ment's litigation costs;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the
Association of Former Intelligence Officers in conven-
tion assembled on October 5, 1985, urges the Congress
to pass legislation which will make the Federal Govern-
ment the sole party defendant instead of the individual
employee in such suits.
Resolution Proposing
Legislation on Unauthorized
Disclosure of Information
WHEREAS, existing law is inadequate to deter
unauthorized disclosure of sensitive intelligence infor-
mation, sources and methods, and to deter or penalize
those who make such disclosures; and
WHEREAS, the effectiveness of the intelligence
effort is seriously impaired by the inadequacy of existing
laws in this field;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the
Association of Former Intelligence Officers, in conven-
tion assembled on October 5, 1985, calls upon the
Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence to initiate
legislation to amend and update existing law to deter
and penalize unauthorized disclosures of sensitive intel-
ligence information, its sources and methods. The Admin-
istration is also urged to take similar action with the
Congress.
Resolution on Amendments
to the Privacy Act of 1974
WHEREAS, the Privacy Act of 1974 requirements
are unduly restrictive with respect to personnel security
investigations for granting access to classified informa-
tion; and
WHEREAS, the effectiveness of such investigations
has been severely damaged by such requirements, to
the detriment of the national security;
NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the
Association of Former Intelligence Officers, in conven-
tion assembled on October 5, 1985, urges the Congress
to enact legislation which will amend the Privacy Act of
1974 so as to afford Federal investigators ample oppor-
tunity to conduct satisfactory security investigations
(and reinvestigations) of those prospective or present
Federal employees (and government contractors) whose
duties will require access to classified information relat-
ing to the national security; and with particular empha-
sis on those requiring access to special compartmented
information, and intelligence sources and methods.
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Panels
Intelligence Oversight
Jack Blake (Mod.) and Tom Latimer of HPSCI
Oversight Function Is
Far Cry From Church-Pike
A friendly, but alert, pair of watchdogs was the image conveyed of
the House and Senate intelligence committees in the panel discussion
of "Oversight of Intelligence."
According to Thomas K. Latimer, Staff Director of the House Per-
manent Select Committee on Intelligence, the two present-day bodies
are quite unlike the committees chaired in the 1970's by Sen. Frank
Church and Rep. Otis Pike. "They are not out for publicity; they have a
day-to-day responsibility to provide oversight," he said. Thus, Latimer
explained, "The committees will stay in business or go out of business
depending on the wisdom of those appointed chairmen."
Oversight, he continued, will become more important as intelli-
gence expands. Requirements levied on the Intelligence Community
far exceed the money available to meet them, he explained, making
the work of the two committees vital in the resource allocation area.
One example of this is the two-year effort by the committees "literally
forcing" the FBI to increase resources for counterintelligence. One
problem which has arisen in the resource allocation area, as well as
other functions of the House committee, is the loss of institutional
knowledge resulting from the mandatory rotation out of members who
have served'six years.
Other problems, he said, are more potential than actual at the'
present tinie::One such area where the delicate balance exists is in
regard to covert action. Latimer, who has served as Staff Director of
the committee since its founding in 1977, cautioned that covert action
has the potential for straining relationships and breaking down trust.
When such an operation is directed by the President, he explained, the
President must provide information on it to the committees. This is
informational only; no approval or veto power rests with the commit-
tees. If. there is significant dissent; recourse is to call on the DCI to
have a rethinking of the issues. Of course, the Executive Branch can
respond that it has thought the matter through and will continue with
it. But, says Latimer, "There have been very few disagreements
between the Intelligence Community and the HPSCI on covert action."
A similar view of the oversight process was voiced by Dr. Ed
Levine, senior ranking staff officer of the Senate Select Committee on
Intelligence. "Basically," he said, the committee's task is to "try to
determine what is going on, and in a bipartisan way to try to see what
it can do to help." This bipartisanship is formal, he explained, guided
by the committee chairman's?understanding' of the importance to
reaching a consensus - a middle ground - working together rather
than as individual members of the Senate as is often found in other
committees.
Levine reported that. the Senate committee has been very suc-
cessful in conducting the oversight process and has a large agenda for
action in the coming year. One agenda item places emphasis on the
issue of counterintelligence, both at home and abroad, he said.
Intelligence Oversight
Jack Blake (Mod.) and Ed Levine of SSCI
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"Grand Larceny" Saves Soviets
Billions of Dollars Says Panel
The explosive topic of Technology Transfer drew the'sharp focus
of panelists, speaking for government and industry. A s described by
MG Richard A. Larkin (USA-Ret.), the grand larceny of U.S. technology
by the Soviet Bloc is "most insidious and most effective." Control of
this leakage must be the concern of government, industry and our
citizens; he said, "even though it is contrary to our natural instinct to
control anything."
The industry viewpoint was expressed by Robert V. Beach, Vice
President of Ford Aerospace and Communications Corporation. Beach,
a 35-year veteran of the firm, noted that the "U.S..and industry view of
this issue are fundamentally the same." Technology Transfer, he said,
resulted in a 1983-84 savings to the USSR of $13.3 billion in develop-
ing and upgrading its weaponry. The problem, Beach said, is how to
control Technology Transfer, yet expand U.S. international trade
abroad. At the present time, the speaker noted, 20% of our nation's
high technology is exported, some with billions of dollars of favorable
foreign exchange.
There 'are multiple reasons for. controlling this technological out-
flow, Beach said. First of these is national security, "for which the
principle is sound." Next, national political objectives, exerting the
influence of the government in influencing other nations either by
granting or withholding such exports. Finally, there is the future of
industry itself, to which Beach cautioned that "giving away the family
jewels ultimately mortgages our nation's future" by creating tough
competitors tomorrow. In this, he said, we must depend on industry's
natural instinct for competitive survival. There must be, Beach
reminded the audience, a balance between national security require-
ments and those of industry to permit U.S. industry to-remain competi-
tive in the world market.
The need for export controls is clear. "We must place practical
and effective limitations on the export of the-leading edge of our tech-
nology, that which is new and innovative." This requires reconciling
industry's goals with those of the nation, Beach said, in calling on
government and industry to work together to determine-what technol-
ogy should be affected. That, he reminded, is the central issue. There
is a need for successive Administrations to adhere to a coherent and
consistent policy on Technology Transfer. One step is to work closely
with COCOM to update the listings of controlled technologies, those
thousands of items and hundreds of pages of restricted items. He
reminded the audience that many of the items prohibited for export to
the USSR and others is available to them elsewhere and that 90% of
Soviet needs can be satisfied through espionage and from academica,
publications, symposia and the like. The nation needs well-established
goals, Beach said, finding an appropriate balance between national
security and need for the nation to remain competitive.
Dr. Jack Verona, Assistant Deputy Director for Science and Tech-
nology, DIA, described the means by which the Soviets assimilate U.S.
technology and integrate it with their military systems. The USSR, he
said, finds such "acquiring" as integral to national power, and has
-institutionalized industrial espionage.and put it on a businesslike
basis." The result is a Soviet bureaucracy structured to support and
employ acquisition of vital U.S. technology. In reviewing the findings of
a recent DoD-CIA study that lays bare the military advantages gained.
by the Soviets through such a program, Verona observed that only in
recent years have we come to appreciate the extent of it as it affects
our nation. MG Larkin interjected that "U.S. technology is a Soviet
asset." .
More than 2,200 export applications exceeding statutory limita-
tions were found gathering moss when the Reagan Administration
came in, said the Hon. Lionel H. Olmer, former Undersecretary for
International Trade, Department of Commerce. "No one in.govern-
ment was concerned except in the most abstract way." Commerce's
enforcement position was found to be "feeble" and even Customs was
not aware of what the Export Control Act was, he said. He spoke of the
urgency of our being willing to sacrifice some overseas sales in-order
to protect technology. The nation, he said, must be willing to "clean up
the mess," improving and toughening export laws and working to
harmonize and make more even-handed the export policies of the-U.S.
and that of its allies.
To do this the government must convey that it is committed to the
program consistently and predictably, and gain the consensus of
industry. The word must go out that "Bureau of Light Switch diplo-
macy is at an end," Olmer said. The-present Administration, he said,
has done "pretty well" in meeting this objective overall. Some 30-50%
of the items on the export control list don't need to be there, he said,
and the list has been cleaned up ("not nearly enough") and tightened.
Such action, said Olmer, increases our credibility and permits concen-
tration of our resources on the real areas of concern.
Unfortunately, said the speaker, the process has taken too long
and has been the source of acrimony between the Department of
Commerce, the Defense Department and the Bureau of Customs. In
addition, the effort has resulted in friction between the U.S. and its
allies and has alienated the Congress. Yet, he added, there has not
been enough cognizance taken of the fantastic change that has
occurred in technology over the last fifteen years. Fifteen years ago the
leading edge of technology was to be found in the DoD, but the
appearance of the semi-conductor has reversed DoD's position as the
driving force and it is now lagging behind and many of its weapon's
systems are using yesterday's technology.
Olmer called for a new philosophy to underpin national Technol-
ogy Transfer policy. He noted that for the past ten years our philosophy
has been guided by a DoD task force report of that period that urged
priority more in preventing the Soviets from gaining U.S. "know-how,"
than it was to prevent its obtaining hardware from time-to-time. The
Technology Transfer
Bob Beach, Jack Verona, Lionel Olmer, Dick Lark i n
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Counterintelligence
Don Moore, Scotty Miler, Gen. Dick Stilwell
new DoD study provides evidence for a reexamination of that phil-
osophy, noting that the Soviets appear to be gaining more from
reverse-engineering such hardware, rather than from general "know-
how." The document, he said, should. trigger a new look at our
policies.'
The, issue today revolves around several questions, Olmer said.
Can the system be made more efficient or is it hopeless? He worries,
he said, about the construction of a system of irrelevancies. Is it worth
building towers of irrelevancies that don't prevent Soviet development
but at the same-time-impose a very substantial cost on the American
industrial base?'Is it possible, he asked, to develop better measures to
judge whether in particular cases the costs are worth it? This decision-
making has to be done faster; the bureaucracy cannot be tied up for
months on a single issue as it has in the past. He noted that the new
DoD report emphasizes that the Soviets are not using U.S. technology
to catch up; rather, they exploit it to enhance military capabilities that
are equal to or better than the West's. Can the U.S. and COCOM and
bi-lateral agreements ever hope to keep up with the pace of technolog-
ical change? Can the Congress be a better watch dog? ("It needs to be,
believe me.") Will the Administration develop a better capability to deal
with the flow of unclassified data? "I have serious doubts about that,"
he noted, considering the immense amounts of vital data transmitted
.over satellite and electrical links.)
A speaker from the floor questioned Olmer about the sharing of
high technology with allies, from whom, he charged, the majority of
such technology is acquired by the Soviets. Olmer reminded that the
DoD controls the export of military equipment and that the Department
of Commerce's role is to examine civilian technology that may have a
dual-use as military technology. Dr. Verona observed that some esti-
mates say that the Soviets will surpass the U.S. by integrating U.S.
technological gains in their military equipment before we do. The Intel-
ligence Community, he said, has in large measure been extremely
valuable in assuring that ideas and evidence are presented to and aid
in making export licensing judgments. "There are mechanisms to
assure that the Department of Commerce gets the information it
needs," he_ added. Olmer assured that this is done, but warned of
those few instances where policy makers have used intelligence
information to support a pre-determined decision. Olmer also intro-
duced the point that intelligence analysis is vital in the area of "foreign
availability," those products produced abroad which we cannot con-
trol. Intelligence, he said, is essential to arriving at decontrol decisions
as well. Dr. Verona also brought up the matter of sensitive information
conveyed to the Soviet Union and others through the publishing of
technical papers. He estimated that one-third of such papers should
not be published, even though unclassified. He added that the DoD
also has established categories for defining unclassified, but techno-
logically significant products. Olmer noted that we are still reluctant to
transfer 10-year-old technology to our allies and questioned whether
we can even address the new technologies any better.
Cl and Security Vital
To National Security
The scope of the nation's counterintelligence problem, and what
is being done about it, was the theme of Gen. Richard G. Stilwell
(USA-Ret.) as lead-off speaker in the panel addressing current espion-
age against the United States. Stilwell serves currently as chairman of
the Department of Defense Security Review Committee. f
The Department of Defense, he said, is "clearly the most attrac-
tive target for hostile intelligence," noting that 90% of those cleared in
the Executive Branch are within DoD. To illustrate this, he noted that
3.8 million people are cleared for access to SECRET information and
above; 115,000 have access to sensitive compartmented information;.
and 700,000 hold TOP SECRET clearances. In addition, there are DoD
facilities in 95 countries around the world, 14,000 cleared contractor
facilities, and 16 million documents added annually to the hundreds of
millions currently on file. "The threat is very real, as we appreciate,"
Stilwell said.
Seeking access to this information, he noted, is a massive Soviet
overcollection program to exploit our free society. The speaker observed.
that identified Soviet collectors in the U.S. outnumber U.S. collectors
in the Soviet Union by 40 to 1.
The goal of his committee, Stilwell said, is to look at protection of
classified information and to reduce the opportunity for witting or
-unwitting unauthorized disclosure of it. He asked some rhetorical
questions confronting the group: "How do we improve the rules for
access to classified information? How do we make it more difficult and
inhibit hostile collection in the United States? How do we improve the
handling, use and storage of classified information?" Without ques-
tion, the speaker said, "The main thing is to keep running and to keep
abreast of or hopefully surpass the threat."
So far the Review Committee has found policy to be in good
shape, he said; it is the implementation that remains a problem. He
reviewed the remedial legislation under consideration, noting, how-
ever that a legislative gap exists which excludes officials of the Eastern
Bloc from the travel restrictions imposed on the Soviets.
Stilwell suggested some areas where the Review Committee will
make recommendations: Require that all cleared personnel report offi-
cial or personal travel abroad; institute a rewards program which leads
to the unmasking of espionage; support for the FBI and enhancement
of counterintelligence measures; institute random exit searches at
sensitive facilities; enhance the investigative process; determine the
right of people to access classified information, insisting that candi-
dates for sensitive work come forward to prove trustworthiness; get
better control over the number of those cleared for classified access;
and requiring that supervisor certification of eligibility be strengthened
and tightened. .
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The speaker observed that the recent 10% reduction in those
granted classified access proved no problem for DoD. "It turns out we
already have an 11 % reduction." Coupled with this reduction of those
given clearances, he said, must come an understanding that clearance
doesn't mean automatic access. The need-to-know doctrine, "violated
widely over the years," must be enforced, he said.
Other areas being addressed are the numbers permitted to clas-
sify documents. Stilwell noted that at present 2,533 have original
classification authority and 10,000 have derivative authority. He cited
the need for greater counterintelligence and counterespionage efforts,
and called for a permanent, discretionary authority for the Secretary of
Defense to use the polygraph for counterintelligence purposes. The
security adjudication process must be improved, Stilwell said, and the
double or multiple security standards used throughout DoD must be
standardized. On document security, the speaker suggested that DoD
elements should be asked how many "tons" of classified information
they have destroyed over the last six months. "Why should a docu-
ment over ten years old exist in any compartment in more than one
copy?"
Stilwell noted that current trends toward the paperless office run
the risk of one or two "bad eggs" gaining access to sensitive informa-
tion, a new concern to be addressed.
The speaker urged that "we prioritize the do-able things," and
that there be increased professionalism in and stature for the security
profession.
Newton S. (Scotty) Miler, a former counterintelligence official
with CIA, echoed that necessity calls for more comprehensive CI-CE
programs. There is a need, he said, for us to be more concerned and
alert to the lessons of recent espionage cases. Now is the time, Miler
said, to consider a centralized look at the Cl question and to integrate,
at the basic level, many of the mechanisms of counterintelligence. The
problem is compounded, he observed, by the loss of files and institu-
tional memory which make it more difficult to analyze and follow up on
the leads given by recent Soviet defectors. "We may not have the
resources we should have to follow up on such leads," Miler said.
The counterintelligence philosophy should be instilled not only in
the intelligence community, but in industry, which has just as much at
stake in the nation's future. Obviously, he said, there must be greater
efforts in regard to compartmentation, document dissemination and
need-to-know. But what must be done also is to look at the philosophy
of CI/CE over the past decade. An "ideal" of what it should be should
be modeled and serve as a guide for development. Miler advocated
that although the concept of centralized counterintelligence files has
been controversial, a felt need dictates that the concept should be
restudied. It should also be possible, once again, for officers to serve a
career in counterintelligence, Miler said, in reviving the concept of
institutional memory and specialization in Cl. Such careerists, he said,
are needed in both research and active operations. He also called for
greater emphasis in "the penetrating of the other side." Another effort
might be to reintegrate security program mechanisms with counterin-
telligence. "There must be a close relationship between Cl and secur-
ity people," Miler said.
It is important to develop a management concern for CI-CE. "It is a
vital concern and requires leadership," Miler said. Leadership must
learn, he said, that success is not determined by document dissemina-
tion. Many of the benefits of Cl are intangible and cannot be measured
so visually. And, despite recent cases, it is important that management
not be mesmerized into belief that all hostile intelligence successes
stem from greed. The regrowth of counterintelligence, Miler said,
"should not be motivated by paranoia; rather, it should be propelled by
knowledge."
A fresh approach to the issue was presented by Donald Moore, a
former counterintelligence agent with the FBI. In a highly anecdotal
review of his career, beginning with Nazi espionage cases during
WWII, Moore recalled some of the lessons he learned in becoming a
counterintelligence specialist. For example, in reminiscing about the
interrogaton of one Nazi agent, he thought then of "how much my
mother would like her." Thus the lesson. "You can't tell a spy from the
cover."
After one notable clash with the fates, Moore learned that "the Cl
man must be prepared for every eventuality." Nor should the specialist
disbelieve the unusual ("Don't disbelieve that the documents are hid-
den in a pumpkin") or dismiss anonymous information out of hand.
Lax security determined in some of the earlier cases prompted Moore
to add yet another rule: "If you have real secrets, you had better
protect them." Recalling his experience with one Soviet agent, Moore
suggested this rule: "Don't say you can't deal with a drunk." Such
misfits, he said, often become the "lead singer in the choir." Another
of Moore's rules is to be aware how easy it is for an adversary to
obtain documentation of another in this country. (He recalled how the
false documentation of Rudolph Ivanovich Abel had come from an
early CPUSA program to assemble documentation of infants who had
died at birth, and how in later cases the Soviets had merely created
duplicates of living Americans.)
In discussing recent espionage cases, Moore observed that most
of the spies were not working for the Soviets when they went to work
for the government. This results in another Moore rule: find out what
happened along the way. ("There were things that happened to these
people that should have given us something to look at.")
During the question and answer session that followed, among
the issues raised was the traditional absence of career enhancement
for those who devote themselves to a counterintelligence career. The
question was answered from the floor by guest MG Thomas Wein-
stein, ACSI, who explained that recent improvements in the Army's
programs include career recognition. Another issue was that of budget
priorities, with Gen. Stilwell observing that one technical security pro-
gram last year "wasted" 1 /2 billion dollars, many times the entire cost
of the Defense Investigative Service. He was not advocating mindless
scrapping of the program, it was indicated; rather, it serves as an
example of the need for establishing intelligence priorities. The stiffling
effect of the Privacy Act on personnel security investigations was also
discussed.
Robert Gates
DDI, CIA
Openness, Changed Environment
To Shape Intelligence of Future
Ten trends seen today will dominate intelligence to the end of the
century, according to Robert Gates, Deputy Director of Intelligence,
CIA. As a panelist addressing "The Future of the Intelligence Com-
munity," Gates noted that many of the trends are already established,
while others are linked to technological development certain to come.
He described the coming revolution in which intelligence will be
communicated to policy makers' desks electronically, resulting in
promptness, greater interaction between the policymaker and the pro-
ducer and having significant security advantages. Gates noted also
that intelligence data is becoming harder and harder to collect as
camouflage, denial, and the inhibiting reaction to unauthorized dis-
closures force us to seek other collection means for that once available
openly. Recruitment of personnel is also becomming more difficult, he
said, because the number of people who can meet security standards
and pass polygraph screening is declining, resulting in the need for a
greater pool of applicants at initial stages. Also influencing recruit-
ment, Gates said, is that government service is becoming less
attractive.
9
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~_ ' There has been a revolution as well, he explained, in the role of
intelligence in regard to Congress. Not only is the flow of intelligence
information to Congress as heavy as that to the Executive Branch, but
the large number of staff on the Hill makes the Congress better pre-
pared to ask questions than the Executive Branch entities receiving
the same information. There has also been an increased use of intelli-
gence by the Executive Branch for public education, a tribute to the
accuracy and integrity with which the American people view such
reporting. In the international arena, Gates indicated, there has been a
growing use of intelligence to convince our allies, and certain nations
beyond traditional allies, of the rectitude of U.S. policies.
Another challenge has been the dramatic increase in the diversity
of the subjects intelligence must now address, far from those early
days when the focus was limited to potential adversaries. Today for
example, the Community must serve requirements dealing with
nuclear proliferation, international narcotics, foreign technological
development, human rights, technology transfer, population, religion
and the like. Similarly, there has been an immense growth in the
diversity of the users or consumers of intelligence. Gates observed
that intelligence in the past decade has become steadily more central
to national decision making, noting that in some cases there might not
be a national policy without the contributions of the Intelligence Com-
munity. He also suggested that it often appears the Intelligence Com-
munity is the only part of the government looking to the future, as one
sees the withering of long range planning in other agencies. He noted
one problem stemming from such progress: the policy maker is faced
with addressing future problems when costs are low, yet receives no
benefit from doing so. The rewards of such efforts will be seen only by
his or her successors.
Intelligence Future
LG Lincoln Faurer
and changes in present methodology. Among these are the partner-
ship between government and industry, a commitment to education,
an attack on COMSEC illiteracy aimed at both government users and
marketers in industry, and the encouragement of risk-taking by indus-
try to advance protective technologies. This will require, Faurer said, a
reduction in the stringency of security limitations by pursuing a coop-
erative, but controlled, openness. "We must give a little in the security
area so that we can gain security in a macro way," he said, "replacing
the traditional green door with a mesh door ..." -
There must be technical and intellectual exchange with academia
and industry while maintaining a highly protected intelligence envir-
onment, Faurer said. Carefully selected people must be recruited to
improve computer security as massive parallel processing of national
security information becomes a necessity.
Within the Intelligence Community, the former NSA director said,
there must be a major change in the traditional demarcation or coma
partmentation between "tactical" and "strategic" intelligence. He
called for integration of organizational assets to address both without
the costly redundancy seen today. The budget process, Faurer said,
will drive this change. "We must be more disciplined in what to go
after and which we can afford." Minimizing and prioritizing competing
requirements, -an area where we have failed in the past," will permit
the "wiggle room" to meet other urgent requirements for which the
Community will not be given additional money and personnel.
- t,
? Phil. Parker, Deputy Assistant Director, Intelligence Division, FBI,
noted the strides made in recent years to enhance the Bureau's coun-
terintelligence capabilities. This has been made possible, he said,
The future may see more openness, a cultural change in sharing
with and seeking of assistance from elements outside the Intelligence
Community, predicted LG Lincoln D. Faurer (USAF-Ret.), the former
Director of NSA. The Community "pays and continues to pay every
day," he said, for the cultural overprotection of the past.
In explaining his advocacy, Faurer addressed some of the issues
confronting NSA. Development of advanced information systems, he
noted,, is a growth industry, an industry yet to be "converted" to recog-
nize the need for computer security. The Intelligence Community will
have to work in partnership with industry to seek such a fundamental
change, the former NSA Director said. In the area of communications
security, Faurer observed that 90% of U.S. telephone calls are easily
intercepted by adversaries because they are carried by microwave.
Satellite down-links and almost all computer transmission systems
also hold such vulnerability. He observed that the fifty billion dollars
transmitted electronically every day in the U.S. holds great potential for
such mischief.
Faurer observed that the track record of secure communications,
on the whole has been spotty and poor,'despite some exceptional
successes. What is needed, he said, is outside help, new initiatives
because policy makers and the 'Congress recognize-the need for
increased resources. Coupled with this growth must be an adjustment
of current security practices, more thorough counterintelligence anal-
ysis and innovative operational security measures to reduce vulnera-
bility. And, although Cl will become a battle of technologies by the end
of the century,'the business of counterintelligence will continue to
revolve around the human agent, Parker said. -
The FBI official reviewed recent long-term espionage cases which
have caused the nation serious damage, noting that we have learned
in recent years that the ideologically-motivated spy of the past is very
rare. Today's hostile recruits are voluntarily-inspired mercenaries
guided by greed and profit, he said. r ,
This calls for continuing advances in personnel training, analytical
techniques and technological aids, Parker said. In the discussion that
followed, Gates added the importance of stressing the role of the
manager. He or she must remain alert'to indications of life-style
changes in employees, and not rely solely on the initial security adju-
dication as a basis for continuing clearability. The theme was echoed
by Faurer who stressed the importance of periodic reinvestigation of
personnel in sensitive positions.
.I
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Getting to Know You
Gretchen Campbell and Sherry Engrav
Katie Rigsbee and Sara O'Connell
Periscope's Ed Sayle and Larry Sulc,
Nathan Hale Foundation
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I
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Friendly Reunion
Betz Ferguson, Betty Doyle, Andy Ferguson
"IIY
John Greaney, Jack Thomas and John Waller
Jim Wheeler, Scott Breckinridge, Warren Magnusson
~>nl
John Greaney and Harold Ramsberg
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On the Intelligence Bookshelf ...
Current books of interest to intelligence buffs and
watchers of the world scene. All reviews are by AFIO
members except when otherwise noted.
MAY, Ernest R. (Ed.), Knowing One's Enemies.
Intelligence Assessment Before The Two World
Wars (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press,
1985), 561 pages; maps, chart, index. $29.50.
A most rewarding part of the book is the conclusion where the
Editor, in an analysis of "Capabilities and Proclivities," summarizes the
major findings of the specialized chapters and carries the study into
World War II and makes some vital points about the findings' rele-
vance to present concerns about intelligence assessment. In grading
Governments' performance in intelligence assessment, accuracy may
be less important than "whether assessments address the right ques-
tions." (p. 504). By this measure, then, Editor May and his co-authors
conclude that "no government did well either before 1914 or in the
1930s," but some "did more poorly than others." (p. 504). The care-
fully produced and tested generalizations from these past cases have a
startling immediacy for today's analysts and decision-makers, despite
the Editor's wise qualifications that this advice is easier to say than
apply. The five generalizations, in brief, are:
With the publication of this important book on the history of threat
perception and intelligence assessment among the great powers,
1900-1939, the field of intelligence studies has entered a new era.
The volume marks the beginning of a time of more professional intelli-
gence studies not only because of its professional scholarly contribu-
tions to this small but growing field. The work may well set future
standards for scholarly intelligence studies for at least four reasons: its
versatility as a study which combines the features of a work of refer-
ence, specialized studies, and information for students as well as prac-
ticioners; the accessibility of the material due to superior organization,
deft editing, and jargon-free prose; some new information on vital
aspects of 1900-1939 diplomatic, military and political history; and a
lucid, objective analysis of the process of intelligence assessment
which can benefit not only the general reader and specialist, but also
Presidents, Premiers, Generals and Intelligence communities. At the
very least, it should be required reading for all members of our large
and growing 'Intelligence Community,' past, present, and future.
Not least among its virtues are that it is well-organized and pre-
sents the work of leading professional experts, all of them professional
trained historians of the United States, UK and Canada and all, with
one exception, in academic posts. Ernest May of Harvard University's
Kennedy School of Government is the Editor and contributes a useful
introduction, a chapter on three approaches to assessment in early
20th century Britain, Russia and Germany, and a brilliant conclusion.
Part I consists of eight chapters, all by leading authorities who have
worked in the government archives of the countries involved, on threat
perception and intelligence assessment before the first World War in
Austria-Hungary, Imperial Germany, Russia, France, Great Britain and
Italy. Part II consists of intelligence assessment studies of Britain,
France, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy before 1939, and Part III
includes four chapters on threat perception studies of the Soviet
Union, Japan, Great Britain and the United States up to late 1941.
There is extensive documentation from a wide study of the relevant
diplomatic, political and military archives as well as published primary
and secondary sources. Due to the lack of published material in Eng-
lish on such topics, readers will find the chapters on Russia/USSR,
Germany, Italy and Japan especially valuable and interesting. Some of
the material on French intelligence organization and assessment by
Professors Andrew, Tanenbaum and Young will be familiar to French
and European intelligence history specialists because the published
work on related topics has already been produced by these scholars
elsewhere.
One of the reasons why previous scholarly studies of what Pro-
fessor Klaus Knorr of Princeton calls "threat perception" have not
been widely read or as well-received as this volume should be is that
too many of the political-science based studies are loaded with theory
and jargon. Mercifully, this significent contribution has little of either
and this reviewer, a professional historian, admits his bias in propos-
ing the theory that the clarity of this original contribution to intelli-
gence studies is due largely to the fact that the authors are experienced
historians who write well.
While this reviewer found much to admire and learned a great
deal from the 16 specialized chapters in the collection, he found the
brief introduction and the longer (pp. 503-542) Conclusions chapter
perhaps the most rewarding work of all. In the Introduction there is
provided what in this reviewer's opinion is the best, brief definition of
"Intelligence" (military and political): "knowledge and analysis designed
to assist action." a significant contribution of Harvard's Robert R.
Bowie, a participant in the conference several years ago where many
of the papers herein were presented and a shaper of this book. This
lucid definition should be helpful to students and professionals alike.
Another rewarding aspect of the Introduction is the creation of the
Rand Corporation's Andrew W. Marshall: four categories of assess-
ment from forseeing potential conflicts of warning of imminent danger.
17 Be cautious in changing organizational structures; procedures
and routines count more than structures.
2. Intelligence agencies are more effective in short-term fore-
casts and tactical warning than in long-term projections.
3. Attempts by one government to view things from another
government's standpoint were "invariably" failures (p. 538), so
assume that this sort of analysis will result in an overestima-
tion of another's capabilities, etc.
4. Always 6sk, who are "they" and who are "we"?
5. Relentlessly test all presumptions and be prepared to act on
resulting analysis.
General readers may ask, after reading the dust jacket blurb claim
that the book "fills a void in twentieth-century history," how did these
scholars gain access to such secret materials in British, American,
French, German, Russian, and Italian archives, when it is generally
assumed that Governments do not allow public access to the records
of intelligence services? This is a fair question and there is no simple
answer since each Government involved has a slightly different policy
on archival research in government records. In the case of Russia/the
Soviet Union, for example, scholars could get little or no access to
archives and had to depend on published documents and secondary
materials. In the case of the United States, the government with the
most liberal access to records policy, the Freedom of Information Act
and other laws in the 1970s allowed scholars the necessary access.
Although Britain's policy on secret intelligence records is restrictive,
the resourceful scholars (Andrew, Kennedy, Watt and Lowe, primarily)
have been able to find a considerable amount of intelligence material
in the Foreign Office records available at the Public Record Office, Kew
Gardens. In post-war Germany, scholars have had access to the
1 930s records, captured by the Allies, but they were frustrated by the
fact that an important portion of the pre-1918 military records were
destroyed by Allied bombing raids in World War II.
This reviewer discovered only a few aspects to criticize in what is
a pioneering contribution. One major conclusion, that intelligence
organizational structures are not as vital as the process of assessment
and that organizational continuity may be generally useful, even with
the impressive documentary evidence presented from the case stu-
dies, is based on an analysis which omits two important considera-
tions: the size of the intelligence organizations and the human (or
personnel) factor in performance. Editor May, in the Conclusions, read-
ily acknowledges that a major reason for greater difficulty in contem-
porary intelligence assessment is the very size of government and its
organizations. Under some circumstances, the larger the intelligence
service, the less effective it could be and vice versa. From my studies of
World War I and World War II intelligence services in general, my
impression is - and future intelligence studies should test such a
proposition - that, all other factors being equal, "smaller is better."
Secondly, the "process over organization" thesis leaves out considera-
tion of the human factor in analysis: what are the morale, training and
natural aptitudes of the personnel involved? Any student who com-
pares, say, the assessment performance of the small group in Britain's
MI-5 which ran the "Double-Cross System," 1939-44, with its equiv-
alent in Axis intelligence services, would have to conclude that the
factor of the morale, training and aptitudes (how well did they know
"German character", was not unimportant) of the British personnel
was as important as process and procedure. In intelligence organiza-
tion, clearly, the human factor is essential.
Further, there is one chapter, "U.S. Views of Germany and Japan
in 1941 " by David Kahn, which seems to lack the breadth and depth of
most of the other chapters. While the author has gleaned much from
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Notes from Here and There A Word of Appreciation ...
Billy T. Norwood, Director of Security, Howard
University, Washington, D.C., was recently elected
National Treasurer of the National Organization of Black
Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE) at the group's
Ninth Annual Conference in Miami, Florida.
At the fall graduation ceremony of the Defense
Intelligence College, September 6th, an honorary degree
of Master of Science of Strategic Intelligence was
awarded to Captain Richard W. Bates (USN-Ret). Bates,
a former Vice President of AFIO, and now a member of
its Board of Directors and Executive Committee, is the
former President of the National Military Intelligence
Association and a Director of the National Intelligence
Study Center. An intelligence careerist in the U.S. Navy,
he served as Commandant of the Defense Intelligence
School, 1975-79, where his skill and leadership is cred-
ited with the development of the institution into an
accredited college with a Master's program in intel-
ligence.
Col. Francis R. Quis (AUS-Ret), of Statesville, N.C.,
felt inspired to resume his regular newspaper column
there after attending last year's AFIO convention. The
result: forty-five columns discussing military and intelli-
gence issues, including a six-part "Intelligence Primer"
and a series of six on the potential of the Special Forces
in dealing with terrorism. Col. Quis is a frequent speaker
before organizations concerned about U.S. intelligence
needs.
Honorary Board member John Barron has been
named co-recipient of a major award for the best inves-
tigative reporting on subversion in the media. Barron, a
senior editor of Readers' Digest, will share the 50,000
pound award, founded last year by publisher Sir James
Goldsmith, with Paul Anastasi, the managing editor of
the Athens Star. In receiving the award, Barron was
credited with exposing KGB influence in the media.
1937-1941 military and State Department records on the sub,ect, he
has been less thorough on American intelligence efforts in the 1920s
and 1930s, has not used Gerhard Weinberg's 1980-81 material on
Hitler's decision to declare war on the U.S. in 1941 and has made two
conclusions which scholars and students may dispute. His statement
(p. 479) that the United States in the years before 1939-41 "did not
have any secret agents in foreign countries," is debatable. According
to the research of Jeffreys-Jones American Espionage: From Secret
Service to CIA (1977) and other sources, including a biography of
secret agent Morris Berg, American diplomats and attaches between
the wars financed some networks of spies. Finally, the analysis of
Roberta Wohlstetter's major thesis is provocative but somewhat
harsh. His thesis that the Pearl Harbor intelligence failure was one of
collection, not analysis is interesting but is weakened by evidence that
top experts like Friedman knew of the likelihood of an attack (if not the
time and place) and that there were serious communications, security
and warning procedure failures.
This said, this volume is a most significant contribution which will
help to put professional intelligence studies on the academic and pub-
lic map. Its readership should not be limited to the intelligence com-
munity and scholars, for general readers who enjoy reading about an
exciting "search for the unknown" in our century will find much to
ponder here.
(Douglas L. Wheeler, Professor of Modern History, University of New
Hampshire, Durham, was Richard Welch Fellow on Advanced Research
in Intelligence, 1984-85, at the Center for International Affairs, Har-
vard University, where this year he is an Research Associate.)
There were several unsung heroes who .deserve
being sung to for their part in the 1 1th Annual Conven-
tion. Each of these persons combined three indispensi-
ble qualities, professional skill, a willingness to pitch in
and a good sense of humor.
What is more important to a convention than hospi-
tality suites? Thanks to Bill Grady and Sam Hopler, the
convention could boast two suites which could be models
for the best airline VIP lounges. They were thoroughly
professional operations.
Convention finances can be complicated; reserva-
tion fees pour in and bills mount up. The specter of
going in the hole always haunts us. But between
Warren Magnusson and Jim Wheeler everything came
out right.
The book room, reeking with spy lore provided by
six exhibitors, offered a congenial place to chat and drink
coffee during breaks, as well as nourish the intellectual
demands of the members. Tom Troy, who put this
operation together and watched over it during the con-
vention, deserves much credit.
The first and last persons seen at a convention are
usually those at the reception and registration tables,
responsible for handing out the convention kits stuffed
with meal tickets, programs and other essentials, as
well as answering all kinds of questions. This year Betty
Woodward and Alma Mattison were kind enough to
handle all this with grace and efficiency. And, if you
appreciated the beautifully scripted name tags, large
enough so that you didn't have to fumble for your
glasses when you met people whose names you had
forgotten, thank Trudie Wannall.
Sherry Engrav, AFIO's secretary, gave her valuable
services again at the on-location office and deserves our
gratitude. Mary Greaney is another volunteer who
helped make the wheels go round and falls into the
what-would-we-have-done-without-her" category.
The stalwarts of this convention, like all AFIO con-
ventions, were, of course, Executive Director John
Greaney and Gretchen Campbell, whose work at the
convention was much in evidence, but whose continu-
ous labors for months before the convention made it all
come together.
Thanks to them all.
- John H. Waller
Convention Chairman
PERISCOPE is published quarterly by the Association of
Former Intelligence Officers, McLean Office Building,
6723 Whittier Ave., Suite 303A, McLean, VA 22101.
Phone[phone].
Officers of AFIO are:
LG Eugene F. Tighe, Jr ................... President
Dr. Walter L. Pforzheimer ............ Vice President
Robert J. Novak ......................... Treasurer
Charlotta P. Engrav ...................... Secretary
John K. Greaney ................. Executive Director
Edward F. Sayle ............... Editor of PERISCOPE
14
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Chapter Activities
Arizona Chapter. The chapter held its June meet-
ing at the Stronghold Restaurant, Sierra Vista. The
twenty-four present were treated to a couple of anec-
dotes by guest Lee Echol; other guests included Don
Perry from San Diego and Dr. Pete Lupsha and Bob
Migneault from Albuquerque. The chapter also extended
a warm hand of welcome to its new member, Cliff
Dolan.
Following lunch the members motored to the U.S.
Army Intelligence Center, Ft. Huachuca, where MG
.Thomas Weinstein was on hand to extend a very gra-
cious welcome. An excellent command briefing was
given by SGT Sheppard of the Base Information Office,
enhanced by poignant comments throughout by MG
Weinstein. His explanations were very much appre-
ciated. The briefing enunciated the Center, its mission
and the breadth and needs of Army intelligence.
The chapter held a luncheon meeting on Sep-
tember 21st at the Airport Central Inn, Phoenix. Dr. W.P.
Shofstall presented a very interesting and provocative
talk entitled "Our Counterfeit Constitution." Dr. Shof-
stall has held the posts of Arizona State Superintendent
of Schools and Dean of the School of Education, Arizona
State University. Among the sixteen members and
guests present at the meeting were Col. and Mrs. Thomas
(USAF-Ret.), new chapter member Frank LiBrandi and
new national and chapter member Chester Pomeroy.
The next meeting was announced for the same location
on November 16.
San Diego Chapter. The chapter's annual elec-
tions were held at the May 24th meeting. Elected were:
Jerry Cerkanowicz, president; Keith Young, 1st vice,
president; Elizabeth Allison, 2nd vice president; Phillip
Keith, treasurer; Trudy Keith, secretary; Ed Learnard,
public relations director; and Frank Thornton and Eileen
Scott, directors at large.
Special guests of the evening were two ROTC
graduates who were to receive their regular Navy com-
missions the following day. It was also announced that
on June 21, the chapter would sponsor a half-hour
ceremony for new citizens at the War Memorial Build-
ing. Don Perry is the speaker and Jerry Cerkanowicz will
welcome the new citizens on behalf of AFIO. Chapter
members will greet the people and provide refreshments.
Robert J. Caldwell, editorial writer and member of
the editorial board of the San Diego Union, spoke to the
forty-five members and guests about Central America
today. Caldwell, a Vietnam veteran, specializes in for-
eign. policy and defense issues, and in 1983 was the
recipient of a Jefferson Fellowship. In 1984, he traveled
to El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras and Cuba. His
presentation was rousing and fast-paced, clearly one of
the best before the chapter in the past year.
Summarizing Central America today: El Salvador,
he reported, has about 9,000 guerrillas at present,
representing five Marxist-Leninist organizations. Hon-
duras has no indigenous insurgency, but has a small
number of terrorists and,guerrillas operating from out-
side the country. In recent months, about a hundred of
them have been captured, and all proved to have been
trained in Cuba and armed by Nicaragua, with a goal of
creating a communist revolution in Honduras. Guate-
mala, with its history of government repression has
been the target of three large Marxist-Leninist, pro-
Cuban, pro-Soviet organizations with a great number of
near-illiterate members. A number of guerrilla diaries
have been recovered which focus on their Cuban and
Soviet connections and indicate the writers' devotion to
"Carlos Marx."
The government of Costa Rica, without an army,
has expressed great long range fear of Nicaragua. Henry
Sisneros, the liberal Democrat mayor of San Antonio,
saw the light after a trip to Costa Rica and has stated
that the Sandinistas are a problem for all Central Amer-
ica, and "that maybe it was time the U.S. Democrats in
Congress took the Sandinistas seriously."
Caldwell's impressions from his visit to Nicaragua:
a gagged press, a minimum of 3,000 political prisoners,
one dominant party remindful of the USSR or Nazi Ger-
many, a smothering type of public relations by the San-
dinistas, and food rationing controlled by local block
"defense committees" as in Cuba. He noted that if one
is on the outs with the block committee, food rations are
reduced or withdrawn. Other impressions Caldwell
gained during his visit to Nicaragua: an overwhelming
Soviet presence, the largest army in Central America,
the only tank (T-54) regiment in Central America, and
sham elections, which he observed are taken as a
"bourgeois formality." Caldwell cited the remarks of one
Sandinista leader: "If we communists didn't have war
problems (i.e. the Contras), elections wouldn't be
necessary."
Thomas Borge, Nicaragua's Interior Minister, made
a gaff during a visit to Cuba. According to Caldwell,
Borge did not realize he was being overheard when he
said "You can't be a true revolutionary without being a
Marxist-Leninist. I have a tactical love for the Cuban
system, but I can't articulate it at the moment."
When Caldwell talked to an editor of La Prensa in
Managua, he was accompanied by two Ministry of
Information lackeys. Still, the editor had the guts to say,
"I don't want a communist country. They got here by
force. The only way to get them out is by force." Cald-
well contrasted this attitude.with that of a Cuban editor
of Havana's Grama, "We will print anything :.. as long
as it is correct." Meaning, said Caldwell, "party-correct."
In Cuba, Caldwell was impressed by the fact that
one can't find any dissidents-they are either dead or in
jail. "In the USSR," he said, "you can come across some
in between jail sentences once in a while." Caldwell
was struck by the absolute poverty of the economy,
which he termed "pathetic," after twenty-five years of
communism and despite 25% subsidies from the Soviet
Union.
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Lt. Frank Thornton, (USN-Ret.) a member of the
chapter, addressed some fifty-seven members and their
guests at the Admiral Kidd Officers Club on June 28th.
Lt. Thornton, a former SEAL with seventeen years expe-
rience as an unconventional warfare specialist, explained
the mission of the Navy commando units. Speaking
primarily of their role in Vietnam, Lt. Thornton told how
he led a SEAL team that successfully penetrated into
the heart of a Viet Cong camp to raid a bamboo barracks
in which some 100 VC were sleeping. This resulted in
some 80 VC killed with only one SEAL suffering a minor
wound.
Thornton explained the importance of immediate
intelligence and the capability to act on it without delay.
The SEALs recruited and paid their own agents, many of 2
whom were "Chieu Hois" (defectors from the Viet Cong)
who were reinserted back into their own units where
they were able to supply the SEALs with intelligence
that proved of great value. For example, on one occasion
fresh intelligence revealed that a party of instructors
from Hanoi and China had come into the SEAL area of
o Orations to instruct the VC on rocket a sembl nd
p s
AFIO delegation assembles to hear Tom Polgar
address the Canaveral chapter of the TROA. From
left, Herbert Jenne, Ernest "Zeke" Zellmer, Stone
Christopher, Polgar, and Major General John Cleland
(USA-Ret), president of the TROA chapter.
Y fall of Saigon to recover top-secret computer tapes con-
repair. Acting immediately, the SEALs were able to cap- taining information on the Soviet KGB throughout the
ture this cadre. In another.case, agent-supplied intelli- world, and other data on the communist infrastructure.
gence allowed the SEAL team to capture a high-ranking "I think that few Americans outside the armed for-
VC on his wedding day, along with his bride, guests and ces understand what the Soviet Union is doing in Viet-
wedding presents. nam today," he said. "They have a major warship,
"Stay-behind" SEAL operations worked to capture submarine and long-range aircraft base at Cam Ranh
VC political and military cadre. It was done this way: two Bay .... They are already making their influence felt
or three helicopters would airlift in two or three SEAL across the South China Sea in the Philippines which is
teams. They would land in a suspected VC-controlled being threatened by an internal communist guerrilla war."
village. The village would appear to be devoid of any Ninh also said the Kremlin is dictating policy to the
men of military age, so the teams would reload the Hanoi regime and is manipulating talks with the United
helios and depart, but a few SEALs would be left behind. States regarding the more than 2,500 American military
Hiding. themselves outside the village, they would wait men still listed as missing-in-action in Southeast Asia.
until the VC cadre emerged from their hidden tunnels. "I receive reports of living American prisoners from resis-
The "stay-behind" SEALs would then rush in and cap- tance forces fighting the communists in my former
ture or kill the VC, calling in the helios that were hover- country and in Laos and Cambodia," reports he relays to
ing out of sight and hearing of the enemy. the Department of Defense.
Another mission of the SEAL teams in Vietnam Ninh's interpreter, Tran Vinh, a former South Viet-
was the recovery of prisoners of war. Thornton said that namese officer and philosophy instructor at the Univer-
some forty-eight Army of the Republic of Vietnam POWs sity of Saigon, added more to the tragic story. He told of
were recovered, but no Americans. American prisoners spending three years in a communist "re-education"
of the communists, he said, were continuously moved camp after the fall of Saigon. "They talked about the
so that their whereabouts was most difficult to pin-point. class struggDe and the communist utopia," he said. "I
There are two SEAL locations in the United States, can tell you it was a hell, not a utopia. I learned the poor
one in Coronado and the other in Virginia. They serve man in South Vietnam was the equivalent of a rich man
the Commander-in-Chief, Pacific and Atlantic Fleets, in North Vietnam." According to Vinh, nationalist revolu=
respectively. Since Vietnam, the SEALs have had a role tionary forces have been formed inside Vietnam. One
in military operations in Grenada and Lebanon. They unit, organized in Paris in 1976, "has established a
stand ready to perform any task as directed by the clandestine network of operatives, secret camps and
Commander-in-Chief, Thornton said. arms caches in South Vietnam." A formal statement
"The Vietnamese people have had 10 years with also noted that the unit's forces have staged ambushes
the Americans and 10 years with the Russians," said and sabotage acts in Saigon and has succeeded in pene-
Luc Phoung Ninh, formerly a colonel in the South Viet- trating certain government levels through corruption
namese army, and U.S. Director of Vietnamese Military and bribery of communist cadre. "Once the Vietnamese
Personel Overseas. "I can tell you, they want the Ameri- people didn't want Americans," Vinh said. "Now they
cans back," he told members and guests at the chap- want Americans and they want to kill communists. We
ter's July 26th meeting. wait for your help."
Ninh, now an American citizen, leads about 100,000 At its Board of Directors' meeting, July 31st, the
anti-communist veterans of the armed forces of the chapter agreed to donate $50 to the CODE 99-VRV
defeated nation. Formerly head of a still secret counter- fund, a fund aimed at purchasing for the San Diego
intelligence unit, he has been credited by the Pentagon Police Department an armored car for use as a victim
with risking his life to stay-behind for 72 hours after the rescue vehicle in high risk situations.
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San Francisco Bay Area Chapter. Thirty-one mem-
bers and guests attended the chapter's June meeting,
held at the Magic Pan Restaurant. Chapter president
Roger McCarthy presided, and the Rev. Ward McCabe
delivered the invocation. Following dinner, VP-Programs
Ed Rudka offered some worthwhile remarks on the
value of networking among other organizations with
objectives similar to AFIO, that is the education of the
public to the need for national resolve and dedicated to
our country. He then outlined the unique format for the
evening's program in which each table, aided by good-
humored facilitators, would "brain-storm" key topics.
Each table was instructed to reach a consensus (which
Col. Hayden aptly pointed out may be thought of as a
yellow line down the middle of the road), and at the end
of the exercise the table facilitators would report on the
range of conclusions.
Topics for the evening were:
? Was U.S. response to the recent TWA highjacking
handled properly?
? Will President Reagan yield the Strategic Defense
Initiative at Geneva in order to gain some form of
arms reduction agreement?
? What is the biggest problem facing the United States
today?
? Will the Democrat Party gain control of the Senate in
the 1986 elections?
? How can the San Francisco Bay Area Chapter
become a more meaningful, i.e. effective, chapter?
There was a minimum of thirty-one different opin-
ions on each facet of each issue. However, several
themes. emerged:
Perhaps the greatest problem facing the U.S. today
is an apparent lack of will on the part of a great segment
of the American population to preserve our way of life.
This theme was described variously as a loss of will or
as internal decay. Another recurring theme centered
around the power and negative impact of a national
press which ignores national security in self-serving
pursuit of often slanted "news."
Regarding the SDI as a bargaining tool at Geneva,
most tables reported that they thought that portions may
be sacrificed at the talks; but the point was made that
before reaching that decision, the President probably
would first be yielding to anti-strength coalitions within
our own country, e.g., a hostile press, anti-nuclear activ-
ities, or a Congress more sympathetic to the Left.
On the question of the 1986 elections, most tables
concluded that the Democrats would not gain control of
the Senate "unless" certain conditions arose, such as a
possible protracted hostage situation or a weakening of
the U.S. domestic economy, to name but two of the
many caveats raised.
There was a great deal of reaction to the TWA high-
jacking, but little consensus beyond commonly held
anger and indignation. As one facilitator reported, his
table generated much fire and smoke, but little light.
Among the few recurrent ideas were the lack of ade-
quate intelligence at the outset, the fact that a rapid-
response force was not on location, the role of the
media in covering the event, and the question of whether
an appropriate reaction plan was in effect. A majority of
tables concluded that the President was handling the
problem well.
Suggestions for improving the effectiveness of the
chapter centered around increased community partici-
pation and the assumption of an informational role. We
must let the public know that we exist and that we have
commendable and honorable objectives. Ways of com-
municating this include increased public speaking
engagements on the part of some members, and the
solicitation of fair press coverage.
Forty-five members and guests attended the chap-
ter's July meeting at the Magic Pan Restaurant. Presi-
dent Roger McCarthy chaired the meeting. Among the
guests were Vice Consul Yuji Sato and Takahiko Kondo
of the Consulate of Japan, San Francisco.
Guest speaker for the evening was Alex Escla-
mado, editor-in-chief of the largest Filipino-American
newspaper, The Philippine News, and an outspoken
critic of President Ferdinand Marcos. The recurring
theme of his address was the cessation of all aid to the
Philippines, particularly military, as a tool for forcing
President Marcos to restore, in the speaker's words,
freedom to the country.
Esclamado stated that the Philippine Republic was
created in the image of the United States and there is
still residual affinity on the part of Filipinos for this coun-
try. He recounted his own experience as a member of a
family which helped five American guerrillas during WWII,
and said he was speaking now as an American, an anti-
communist and a lover of democracy. He reminded the
audience of how Philippine resistance had upset the
invading Japanese timetable in the Pacific, a delay criti-
cal to the outcome of the war there.
The speaker warned that America is running out of
time in the Philippines and that we risk losing that coun-
try to the communists as a result of our continued sup-
port of President Marcos. Citing mistakes he claimed
America had made there, Esclamado recalled President
Roosevelt's high commendation of Filipino fighters, and
noted that General MacArthur has promised that all
soldiers under his command there were to be treated
and paid equally. The speaker noted, however, that forty
years later he is still fighting in court to get America to
"fulfill its promises" to Filipino soldiers who expected
U.S. citizenship and who were paid only fifty percent of
the salary of their American counterparts. He made the
point that after the war the United States took care of its
enemies first; it helped rebuild Japan and Europe, but
the Philippines still has not recovered economically. He
repeated that the U.S.'s greatest error had been support
of President Marcos.
Esclamado characterized Marcos as "the most bril-
liant criminal mind the Philippine race ever produced."
To justify his assertion, he claimed the following inci-
dent took place at the beginning of Marcos' legal expe-
rience: At the time Marcos was preparing for his law
degree at the University of the Philippines, his father
was defeated in a race for Congress. Infuriated at the
defeat, young Marcos shot a member of the victorious
political opposition. Convicted, and while in prison, Mar-
cos reviewed for the bar examination, which he "topped"
subsequently, ranking highest in all the exam areas.
Young Marcos then argued his own case before the
Supreme Court. He argued the case so brilliantly, said
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AFIO Suncoast Chapter president Andy Ferguson
presenting plaque to guest speaker BG Charles B.
Eichelberger, USA. Incoming president Ray Saint-
Germain is on the right.
the speaker, that one of the justices, who had also killed
someone in his own youth, persuaded the other justices
to give Marcos a second chance.
The Philippine Constitution, he explained, is similar
to that of the United States, thus the president is limited
to two terms. In the seventh year of his presidency, the
speaker alleged, President Marcos staged the bombing
of his Defense Secretary as justification for proclaiming
martial law. Yet, Esclamado said, no U.S. president has
criticized publicly the "destruction of freedom", resulting
from the martial law declaration. Only since the 1983
murder of opposition leader Benigno Aquino, the speaker
noted, has there been derogatory coverage of the Mar-
cos government by the U.S. press.
Continued aid to Marcos, whom Esclamado deemed
the people's enemy, is the surest way to have a com-
munist takeover, he declared. Esclamado accused the
U.S. of being afraid of "a tinhorn dictator" because of
our military interests in the Philippines, yet should not
fear calling Marcos' "bluff." If Guantanamo can exist, he
said, then Subic Bay and Clark Field can remain in U.S.
hands because no Philippine soldier would fire on Amer-
icans defending those bases. Esclamado predicted that
when repression, corruption and poverty worsen, the
people will view communism, not as a system, but as a
better way of life. They will -risk supporting the commu-
nists in the belief they will.be.able to neutralize the
communists later: .
The speaker concluded that he believes freedom
can exist in any situation if given a chance to flourish on
its own. Saying that it might not be the same as by U.S.
standards; the "essence" would still be there, that is the
country would be run by its own people, there would be
a system of law and human rights would be respected:
He believes, he said, that the Philippine people will
return the country to these foundations of democracy if
"'clean" elections are held, citing the May 1984 elec-
tions as an example. There, he said, Marcos was under
pressure from the U.S. Congress to hold the elections,
and because he perceived his opposition to be frag-
mented, Marcos did not activate machinery for cheating
on the vote count. People, Esclamado said, chained
themselves to the ballot boxes to frustrate having ballots
counted somewhere other than in the polling places,
with the result that one-third of the legislature now is in
opposition to President Marcos.
During the question and answer session, the
speaker returned repeatedly to the themes that (1) there
is much good will toward Americans residual from the
WWII experience and the creation of the Philippine
Republic modeled on the U.S. form-resulting in a
strong devotion to freedom by the Filipinos; (2) President
Marcos' declaration of martial law has destroyed democ-
racy in the country and he is perceived by the people as
their oppressor and enemy; (3) feelings of good will
toward America are dissipating because of our con-
tinued support of the Marcos government; (4) all aid to
the Marcos government should be discontinued to force
"clean" election; and, (5) if such elections are held, the
Philippine people will know whom to choose to restore
democracy to the country.
Responding to a question concerning the 2.8 mil-
lion Muslims in the Philippines who are being armed
and directed in opposition to the U.S. presence at Subic
Bay, Esclamado said the Muslims took up arms against
the government as a response to President Marcos' out-
lawing of arms. To the Muslim, the speaker said, his gun
is his life. The Muslim is not the threat, Esciamado
declared, it is the alliance of the Muslims with the New
Peoples' Army which is being supplied by the Soviets
through Cam Ranh Bay. Several questions and com-
ments from the floor recalled other U.S. experience with
regimes.for which there was room for much criticism. In
each case, it was noted, when U.S. support was with-
drawn, the situation worsened dramatically.
A counterpoint to the views of Esclamado was
announced for the chapter's August meeting, a presen-
tation by Romeo Aguilles, Esq., the Consul General of
the Republic of the Philippines.
Thirty-five members and guests attended the May
8th meeting at the New Pisa Restaurant. Following the
Pledge of Allegiance and announcements, President
Roger McCarthy read a letter sent by Max Peters to'the
President of the United States. In it, Peters proposes that
Check Point Charlie, which links West Berlin with East
Berlin, be named the Major Arthur D. Nicholson, Jr.,
Memorial Gate, to serve as a constant reminder of "the
significance of Major Nicholson's supreme sacrifice that
was given freely for the good of mankind." Vi and Dave
Pollack were presented an award for having traveled the
longest distance to the meeting.
. Vice President (Programs) Ed Rudka introduced the
guest speaker, Semere~Haile, Ph.D., Visiting Lecturer at
the University of California,. Berkeley. Speaking from the
Eritrean vantage Pont, Prof. Haile gave a chronological
narrative. of the actions taken by the four post-war pow-
ers (US, USSR, Britain and France) and the UN General
Assembly in their role as architects of the "Ethiopean-
Eritrean Federation" which Haile contends has been
the root of the 24-year conflict on the Horn of Africa:
1942: Italian colonialism in Africa comes to an end
with Italy's defeat there, but disagreement among the
Allied Powers concerning disposition of its former colo-
nies, Eritrea, Somalia and Libya, begins and is not
resolved by the end of the war.
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1947: Italy signs a peace treaty which provides for
a Four-Power Commission of Inquiry to study the condi-
tion of the inhabitants of the former colonies. No con-
sensus is reached.
1948: The UN General Assembly is given respon-
sibility for deciding the fate of the former colonies. The
USSR introduces Italy into the picture, possibly because
the Communist Party is becoming more active in Italian
politics. A proposal for British-Italian-French administra-
tion of the former colonies is rejected by the Soviets and
several "non-aligned countries." Debate continues.
1949: The UN decides to grant Libya indepen-
dence, but yet another Commission of Inquiry is estab-
lished to study the question of Eritrea. It agrees that
Eritrea should remain intact and undivided, but none of
its recommendations are adopted by the UN.
1950: The Ethiopia-Eritrea Federation is established
to embody a unique division of governmental powers.
The Eritrean government is to be an autonomous state
federated with Ethiopia under the Ethiopian Crown,
despite the diversity of cultural orientation and systems
of government. The Eritrean government retains auton-
omy in domestic affairs, but the federated government is
to have jurisdiction over such matters as defense,
finance, commerce and communication.
1951: The UN Secretary General appoints a panel
of legal experts to review the draft of the Eritrean Consti-
tution which, according to Prof. Haile, was drawn up by
American lawyers. The panel rejects an Ethiopean
interpretation which would have weakened Eritrean
autonomy while strengthening federal powers of the
Ethiopian Crown. Ensuing recommendations of the panel
are not heeded by Emperor Haile Salassie.
1952: The federal plan is implemented. A 68-
member Eritrean Assembly is elected, but among Eri-
treans there is disagreement with the election guidelines
of the supervising British authorities. The plan, which
continues Ethiopean suppression of Eritrea, kindles
nationalism among the Eritreans.
1961: All peaceful avenues to autonomy for the
Eritreans are exhausted. Numerous appeals to the UN
At the Gulf Coast Chapter's September meeting:
(front row from left to right) Carlos Lopez, Texas FDN
representative; Commander Enrique Bermudez, FDN;
Prince John de Batemberg. (second row) Mario Calero,
FDN; and Father Thomas Dowling.
produce resolutions not binding on the Ethiopean Crown.
Armed conflict ensues.
1977: U.S. and allied influence is replaced by
USSR-Cuban influence as the American and Israeli mil-
itary missions are expelled from Ethiopia. The USSR
becomes the major supporter and armament supplier to
Ethiopia.
1978: The Somalian Army is defeated by Ethiopean=
Soviet-Cuban forces. Eritrean nationalists remain active
in their fight for "self-liberation."
Prof. Haile contended that despite increased quanti-
ties of armaments supplied to Ethiopia by the USSR,
Eritrean nationalist interests have not been subdued.
Since the end of 1984, he noted, world attention has
been focused on the Horn of Africa as a result of media
coverage of the region's extended drought and ensuing
famine. The combination of famine and prolonged war-
fare continue to have severe and unprecedented effects
on the region and make the issue of Eritrean resistance
a major problem within the USSR's overall African
strategy.
A brief question and answer session developed an
additional theme: Lack of Soviet support in alleviating
famine conditions in the Horn may be explained by its
view that since Africa has been "exploited" by the West,
the West should supply all the aid. (Haile noted that the
U.S. actually had to pay for the fuel used by the Soviets
to distribute US-donated food.) Yet, the Russians con-
tinue to supply armaments. Prolonged warfare has not
settled the region's problems, the Soviets intend to
remain in the Horn and, according to the speaker, the
only solution rests with a political settlement.
President Roger McCarthy has written chapter
members to stress the importance of participation in
AFIO activities: "Only through AFIO can you perpetuate
your identity with your life's work, and the significance
of that commitment to a free and beloved Country.
And - from there - ONLY WITH YOU can AFIO reach
its aims and purpose. We must become a force, a voice
to be respected and listened to. You can go out to dinner
Gulf Coast Chapter Vice President and President,
Richard Partch and Fred Rodell, with the Hon. Nestor
Sanchez, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense.
19
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at least once a month; do it with your colleagues on
meeting nights. Find a new fulfillment and camaraderie
and zing as you participate in the lightheartedness and
spirited determination of our growing San Francisco
chapter. Most of all, you will bear witness and enhance-
ment to the interplay of political dynamics on the world
scene today."
McCarthy cited, as an example, the credibility and
recognition the chapter received recently when Bay
Area radio and television were "all over us" seeking
authoritative analysis and comments about the Soviet
use of "spy dust" to track U.S. citizens. An ABC-TV
camera crew filmed the chapter at it's August meeting
and interviewed both McCarthy and Captain Bill Greene
(USN-Ret), the latter a veteran of critical intelligence
assignments in Moscow.
Suncoast Chapter. The chapter held its final meet-
ing of the season at MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa.
Approximately fifty members and guests were present
from the Florida west coast area and MacDill.
Among other guests was Dr. Albert Parry, who
defected from the USSR many years ago (with a bullet in
his back). Dr. Parry has written a number of books on the
Soviets, on terrorism, and is considered by the chapter
to be its "in-house" Soviet expert. His new book, to be
published soon, deals with Gorbachev and draws on
information collected for some years, i.e. "picking the
right horse."
The honored guest, and speaker was Brigadier
General Charles B. Eichelberger, USA, the Director of
Intelligence, United States Central Command, MacDill
AFB. Other uniformed guests were LTC Spence Camp-
bell, USA, the Executive Officer-J2, and LTC Dave Bur-
pee, USA, Public Affairs Officer, both of the U.S. Central
Command.
General Eichelberger reviewed the mission of the
U.S. Central Command. He recalled the establishment
in 1980 of the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force to
focus U.S. capabilities on projecting military power
quickly. By its very nature, however the Joint Task Force
was limited in scope, as it became clear that significant
security and economic issues required long-term focused
attention. Needed was a permanent command with
geographic responsibility for the region, one that could
perform the full range of functions that the European
Command performs in Western Europe and the Pacific
Command serves in Asia.
As a result of this requirement, the U.S. Central
Command became the nation's sixth unified command
on January 1, 1983. It was given responsibility for all
U.S. military activity in the 19 nations of the Southwest
Asia-Persian Gulf-Horn of Africa region. Its principal
mission is deterrence, based on a strategy of helping
friendly nations defend themselves through security
assistance and training programs, combined exercises,
regional cooperation and political and economic support.
Gen. Eichelberger called the region the cradle and
crossroads of civilization, noting that it has a cultural
heritage which goes back over fifty centuries and is the
origin of several of the world's major religions. The area,
he added, has also been a denter of power and learning,
as well as a strategic passage for merchants and con-
querors alike.
"Today," he said, "this region displays a wide range
of economic and social development. It is marked by
great ethnic, religious and political diversity, reflecting a
rich history and producing tensions which have often
resulted in armed conflict."
The speaker noted that the region is spread over an
area larger than the United States, and that the dis-
tances involved present considerable obstacles to inter-
and intra-theater movement and communications. The
north-south dimension, he observed, is about the same
as the distance between Teheran and London. For this
reason, the air line of communication from the East
Coast to the Persian Gulf is a fifteen hour trip on an
air-refueled, non-stop C-5 aircraft. The sea line of com-
munication through the Suez Canal to the Persian Gulf
takes at least seventeen days and the route around the
Cape of Good Hope takes a minimum of twenty-five
days.
"The biggest problem I face as J-2 is the lack of an
adequate intelligence infra-structure and adequate data-
base for countries in the region," General Eichelberger
said. He recalled that earlier the Middle East as a whole
had a very low priority in intelligence database collection
and analysis. "Maps are either non-existent or grossly
outdated."
Gen. Eichelberger observed that no part of the
world can rival the Middle East in levels of destabilizing
intra-regional conflicts. To illustrate this point he pointed
to the Afghan resistance to Soviet occupation, the turbu-
lence in Lebanon, Israeli disputes with its neighbors,
Palestinian efforts to gain a homeland, the border strug-
gle between Ethiopia and Somalia, the Ethiopean-
Eritrean separatist movement and the spill-over effect of
the Iran-Iraq war. "Added to this witch's brew," he
observed, "is Soviet support for its client states in Libya,
Ethiopia, Syria and South Yemen." Qadhafi's capacity
for terror beyond Libya's borders remains undiminished,
the speaker said, recalling that during the short two-
year history of the Central Command it has had to react-
to Libyan threats and actions several times.
In 1983, he noted, Central Command deployed four
AWACS airborne warning and control systems and
supporting KC-10 tankers in response to a Libyan-
backed coup against President Nimeiri of Sudan. "As. a
result of Egyptian and Sudanese resolve and our deploy-
ment, the coup attempt failed." Central Command also
responded to the bombing of the radio station in
Omdurman, Sudan, and at the time the mining threat in
the Gulf of Suez and the Red Sea endangered shipping
in those vital waterways.
"Terrorism, not conventional war, is one of the
most immediate dangers that Americans, in general,
and members of our armed forces, in particular, face
when traveling or being stationed abroad," General
Eichelberger said. In addition, attacks against American
embassies and diplomatic posts worldwide have become
almost commonplace. "it is not a threat that will fade
away, but one that we anticipate will continue to grow
in the future ... especially in the Middle East," he said in
reviewing the frightening history of terrorism in the area.
20
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Not unexpected was General Eichelberger's dis-
cussion of Soviet expansionism and subversion in the
Middle East and the high priority the Russians have
assigned to it. The Soviet investment in its client states
in the area is best illustrated by seeing what could be
purchased with the fifteen billion dollars that the Soviets
have invested in arms for Libya. "If you wanted to buy
just tanks, you could probably buy about 50,000 Soviet
T-55 medium tanks. The parking lot for these would
occupy about two square miles ... Or, for fifteen billion
dollars you could buy a lot of Soviet assault rifles and
ammunition; In fact, you could buy enough to equip a
huge army, stand them shoulder to shoulder in a line
some 15,000 miles long and issue enough ammunition
to fire those rifles 24 hours a day for 192 years. If, on the
other hand, you wanted to spend your 15 billion dollars
on a variety of equipment, you could buy 40,000 rifles,
10 million rounds of ammunition, 100 tanks, 150 heli-
copters, two large transport aircraft similar to our C-141,
14 smaller transport aircraft and 60 very serviceable
fighter bombers. And you could do this every year for 30
years. That, ladies and gentlemen, is what 15 billion
dollars in arms sales means."
The Soviet presence in the area must remain a
continuing concern. "Including Libya and Syria, there
are about 9,000 Soviet advisors and technicians in the
Middle East and North Africa ... Note that this does not
include the estimated 115,000 Soviet troops and advis-
ers in Afghanistan."
General Eichelberger made it clear that with all this
he still does not consider the Soviets 10-feet tall. He
cited the expulsion of Soviets from Egypt, its continuing
failures in Mali, Ghana, Indonesia, Sudan and Somalia,
and problems stemming from the Russians' lack of
appreciation for local political and economic structures.
The Soviets have other problems as well, he said.
"Many countries in the Middle East have traditional
Islamic distaste for communism and are suspicious of
Soviet 'neo-imperialist' dealings with clients. Overall,
the Soviet Union is still distinctly inferior to the United
States as an effective superpower in the Middle East."
After a spirited question and answer period, the
chapter presented a commemorative plaque to General
Eichelberger.
Retired Navy Lt. Cmdr. Andrew J. (Andy) Ferguson,
a devoted and ardent supporter of AFIO, has received a
plaque honoring him for dedicated service and outstand-
ing leadership of the Chapter last year. The award was
made by the chapter's current president, Ray Saint-
Germain, during the chapter's September 17th meeting
held at MacDill AFB Officers Club. "Betz" Ferguson,
Cmdr. Ferguson's wife, was also recognized and received
a beautiful floral piece for her efforts on behalf of the
chapter.
Highlight of the autumn meeting was an outstand-
ing presentation by Dr. Albert Parry, Professor Emeritus,
Colgate University, on the history, evolution and current
status of international terrorism. Following his address
and question-and-answer session, Dr. Parry made avail-
able copies of one of his many books, "Terrorism: From
Robespierre to Arafat."
Andy Ferguson honored for service and leadership
There were 45 members and friends in attendance,
including a representative of the intelligence arm of the
U.S. Central Command, Maj. James Mercer, and a
number of representatives from the Tampa Council of
the Navy League, co-host for this meeting.
On behalf of the chapter, President Saint-Germain
has extended an open invitation to all AFIO members
who "winter" in the Central West Coast area of Florida
to contact the chapter, [phone], when in the
area and to attend any of the meetings set for December,
February or April.
New England
New England Chapter. The chapter celebrated its
first anniversary on June 15th at a meeting attended by
68 persons at the Londonderry Inn, South Londonderry,
Vermont. Starting in June 1984 with a core group of
eight members, the chapter now has grown to seventy-
three dues-paying members. A number of special guests
attended the June meeting, including Dave Phillips and
William G. Smith, vice-chairman of the New York City
chapter. The speaker was the noted English military his-
torian and intelligence author, Nigel West, who spoke
on "The Postwar Challenge to Western Counterintelli-
gence." The evening before, some forty-five guests
attended a reception hosted by Mike and Sue Speers in
honor of Mr. and Mrs. West.
The meeting also was highlighted by the election of
chapter oficers. Michael Speers was re-elected presi-
dent; Roy Berkeley was re-elected vice-president; David
O'Connor was named treasurer; and Dan Meissenhei-
mer was elected as secretary. Recognition was given to
two chapter members who had been especially dedi-
cated and successful in support of the chapter's and
AFIO's goals: Ms. Eleanore Hoar received a plaque from
Dave Phillips for her most successful efforts at recruit-
ment of new members in Connecticut, and Mr. David B.
O'Connor was recognized for his overall hard work and
dedication, named chapter person of the year and
received a plaque presented by Phillips.
It was announced that the next scheduled meeting
would be on September 14th at Kennebunk, Maine.
Allan Swenson will be the host and organizer. The
speaker will be Joseph C. Goulden, author of the well-
received book on Edwin Wilson, The Death Merchant.
The chapter continues to stress support of educa-
tional efforts supportive of AFIO's goals. Three members,
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Eleanore Hoar is awarded a plaque by Dave Phillips in
recognition of her work with the New England Chap-
ter during its first year. The presentation was made
during the chapter's June meeting in Vermont.
Ms. Rose Mary Sheldon (Georgetown University), Winn
Taplin (University of Vermont) and Bob Mahlman (Uni-
versity of Maine), will be teaching full credit courses in
intelligence. Several chapter members will appear as
panelists in a series of seminars dealing with intelli-
gence and intelligence-related subjects to be held this
Fall at the University of Vermont. In support of such
work, the chapter has started a scholarship fund. The
fund will be augmented by member contributions, as
well as q projected intelligence book scheduled for the
September meeting. In addition, the chapter commenced
raising funds to support CHALLENGE.
Texas
Gulf Coast Chapter. Over three hundred persons
attended the chapter's September 12th meeting at the
fashionable Westin Oaks Hotel (Galleria) in Houston. The
dinner was preceded by a cocktail hour.
The meeting opened with the posting of the Colors
by members of the University of Houston ROTC, accom-
panied by the University of Houston Marching Band, and
the playing of the National Anthem. The invocation was
delivered by the Reverend Thomas Dowling, St. Andrews
Parish, San Francisco. In introducing Father Dowling,
who also serves as the Executive Director of the Latin
American Strategy Studies Institute in San Francisco,
chapter Vice President Richard Partch thanked him for
coming specially to Houston to attend the meeting.
Following dinner, chapter President Fred Rodell
introduced Henrique Bermudez, Field Commander of
the FDN Armed Forces ("Contras") engaging the Sandi-
nista Army in Nicaragua. Commander Bermudez was
flown to Houston from the field to appear on behalf of
Dr. Adolfo Calero, President of the FDN and Commander-
in-Chief of the anti-communist forces, who was unable
to attend. Also representing IDr. Calero was his brother,
Mario Calero, who is in charge of acquisition for the
contra forces.
Also addressing the meeting was the Hon. Nestor
Sanchez, U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Inter-American Affairs.
All three gentlemen made stirring speeches fol-
lowed by a lively question and answer session.
By all accounts, this was the most successful meet-
ing in the Gulf Coast Chapter's history. Media coverage
was excellent. The local NBC-TV affiliate presented a
lengthy interview of chapter President Rodell on two
local TV newscasts, and SIN, the Spanish-speaking
cable network, interviewed Mr. Sanchez for cablecast in
the United States, Puerto Rico and Mexico. The chapter
has received countless complimentary telephone calls
regarding the meeting.
Kingry Urges Secrecy In
Anti-Terror Operations
The Rev. Jeffery Kingry of the New England Chapter, has penned
over twenty articles in the Burlington Free Press, circulation 100,000,
over the past two years. In one, for example, he defended secrecy as
vital to the fight against terrorism:
"'No comment' is all anyone can rightfully expect from an intelli-
gence agency. To admit to thepossession of a secret is to have already
half-revea ed L Teopponent_has_alreay gained gr"eat a~7cvantage in
quinng our treasure merely to know exactly where it is It seems
ecvident to me that none are so fond of secrets those ho have no
intention of keeping them. Such people covet secrets like the greedy
do money: for the sheer glory and power of circulation."
Employment Opportunities
JimMcCarley & Associates, P.O. Box 817, Millbrae,
California 94030, advises that it has openings for field
associates to work in Asia and Southeast Asia. Those
interested should include personal data when writing.
AFIO member McCarley advises that the posts offer "an
A-Plus future.".
ASSOCIATION OF FORMER INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS
STATEMENT OF CASH RECEIPTS ANDDISBURSEMENTS
ON ACCOUNT OF REVENUE AND EXPENSES
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED
August
1985
REVENUE
Annual member dues
E 66,055
E 69,660
Life member dues
6,942
5,839
Industrial member dues
3,500
5,000
Contributions
2,104
10,992
Convention revenue - net -
4,706
714
Luncheons revenue - net
2,095
2,361
Interest - regular
4,846
5,336
Interest - life memberships
7,181
6,830
Educational pamphlets -
1,649
7,795
Other revenue
1,253
962
_1001331_
115,489
EXPENSES
Accounting
1,500
1,500
Annual directory
6,658
6,302
Capital expenditures
8,818
Dinners and symposium
1,574
Educational pamphlets
2,323
4,759
Equipment rental
4,220
8,440
Insurance
1,316
909
Membership pins
50
1,392
Miscellaneous
365
532
Office expense
3,159
3,803
Other taxes
176
812
Payroll taxes
2,845
2,740
Periscope and news commentary
16,186
16,285
Postage
4,626
4,300
Repairs and maintenance
1,612
Rent
9,705
8,820
Salaries and consultants
40,438
40,905
Telephone
1,512
1,777
Travel
766
1,622
Total expenses
106,275
106,472
EXCESS REVENUE (EXPENSES)
(S
5,944)
S
9,017
22
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NEW LIFE MEMBERS
LTCOL Paul D. Baker, AUS(Ret.)
Rockbridge Baths, Virginia
Mr. Howard T. BANE
Fairfax, Virginia
Dr. Norman R. BOTTOM, Ph.D.
Miami, Florida
Mr. Dewey W. BRACKETT
APO San Francisco, California
MAJ George H. BRIGHT(Ret.)
Kenne Valley, New. York
Mr. Philip S. DICKSON
Bethesda, Maryland
Mr. William H. DONAHUE
Bradenton, Florida
Mr. Garston W. DRIVER, Jr.
San Diego, California
Mr. Leonard E. DURHAM
Fairfax, Virginia
COL Sully H. FONTAIN, USA(Ret.)
APO New York, New York
COL William P. FRANCISCO, USA (Ret.)
San Antonio, Texas
Dr. Marion G. GEISE
Arlington, Virginia
Mr. Gordon GRAHAM
Boston, Massachusetts
Mrs. Donald C. HAYS
New York, New York
Mr. Carl E. JENKINS
Arlington, VA
Mr. Raoul KULBERG
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Frank J. LiBRANDI
Glendale, Arizona
Mr. Harry L. McCONKEY
Kingman, Arizona
Ms. Mary Frances MERZ
Washington, D.C.
Mr. Edward N. MESERVE
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
CAPT John K. MITCHELL, USN(Ret.)
Westwood, Massachusetts
Mr. Richard A. NEWSHAM
Alexandria, Virginia
General Samuel C. PHILLIPS, USAF(Ret.)
Palos Verdes Estates, California
Mr. John M. QUESENBERRY
Vienna, Virginia
Mr. J. Robert RUNYON
Rio Rancho, New Mexico
CDR Louis G. SCLIRIS
APO Miami, Florida
Col Donald W. SWAIN, USAF(Ret.)
Alexandria, Virginia
IMAajGen Jack E. THOMAS, USAF(Ret.)
Washington, D.C.
LtGen Eugene F. TIGHE, Jr., USAF(Ret.)
Springfield, Virginia
LTC Robert F. WALSH, USAR
San Antonio, Texas
Col Frank E. WALTON, USMCR(Ret.)
Honolulu, Hawaii
Mr. Max WENK
Alexandria, Virginia
Mr. David D. WHIPPLE
McLean, Virginia
DONATIONS
The following members have generously contributed an
amount equal to or exceeding one year's annual dues.
Mr. Henry L. BERMANIS
Silver Spring, Maryland
General James F. COLLINS, USA(Ret.)
Arlington, Virginia
Mr. Joe Wilson ELLIOTT
Los Angeles, California
Mr. Franklin S. DAVIS
Silver Spring, Maryland
Mr. George A. DELL
Frederkicsburg, Virginia
Mr. Robert D. HUGHES
Sherman Oaks, California
Mr. Terence M. LEE
San Marino, California
CAPT John K. MITCHELL, USN(Ret.)
Westwood, Massachusetts
Mr. William G.S. SMITH
Ridgefield, Connecticut
Mr. Peter SIVESS
St. Michaels, Maryland
Maj Hector F. UNGER, USAF(Ret.)
Portland, Oregon
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The following list of new members since the last issue is incomplete in that it does not include those who requested
that their names be kept restricted.
Mr
Clark C
ABT
Mr. Bernard P. CHEWNING
.
.
Mr. Eric F. BOWES
19 Follen Street
3637 Appleton Street, N.W.
241 Perkins Street
Cambridge
MA 02138
Washington, DC 20008
,
Boston, MA 02130
Mr. Gasper R. ALTOMARE
Sally J. BOWMAN
Mrs
Dr. Philp H. CLENDENNING
600 Amherst Drive S.E.
.
805 Turner Drive, N.E.:
Russian Research Center
Albuquer
ue
NM 87106
Harvard University
q
,
Albuquerque, NM 87123
Cambridge, MA 02138
LTC Walter W. ARENDT
Mr. A. Dale BRAEUNINGER
408 S
Emerald Drive
Mr. Joseph N. CONNORS
.
7 Northport Avenue
Indian Harbour Beach
FL 32937
105 Brook Road
,
ME 04915
Belfast
,
Milton, MA 02186
Mr. Kenneth BAIRD
Col Rodney P. G. BRICKER USAF(Ret.)
1841 Huge Oaks.
9732 Ranger Road
Mr. James S. CONWAY
Houston, TX 77055
VA 22030
Fairfax
4 Bond Street
,
Cambridge, MA 02138
Mr. William C. BAKER
Mr. Richard J. BRODER
2111 Jeff Davis, #316N
640 Running Water Circle
Mr. Martin G. CRAMER
Arlington, VA 22202
Albuquerque, NM 87123
5205 Benton Avenue
Bethesda, MD 20814
Mr. Raymond L. BARKER
Mr. F. Reese BROWN
One Sk
line Place
#212
Mr. John H. CREETH Jr.
y
,
P. 0. Box 411
5205 Leesburg Pike
NY 10021
New York
33 Willet Street
Falls Church, VA 22041
,
Wollasten, MA 02170
Col Henry M. BUSSEY II USAFR(Ret.)
Mr. David M. BAYLOR
9801 Vale Road
Dr. Gerard L. DANIEL
1601 Pennsylvania N.E., #C-4
Vienna
VA 22180
100 West 57th Street
Albuquerque, NM 87110
,
New York, NY 10019
Mr. Roy BUTLER
Mr. Ronald S. BEARSE
P. 0. Box 9190
Mr. Franklin S. DAVIS
Boulevrd
3140 Ke
15136 Fairlawn Avenue
y
TX 78766
Austin
Arlington, VA 22201
,
Silver Spring, MD 20904
James D. BYRNE
Mr
Mr
Jeffrey teven BENKOE
.
Mr. George A. DELL
.
7229 Timber Lane
8010 West Drive
VA 22046
Falls Church
752 Andora Drive
Miami Beach, FL 33141
,
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
Capt James R. CALLARD
Mr. Waldo E. BERTONI
526 East Third Avenue
Ms. Julia M. DELPINO
3440 Sleepy Hollow Road
Durango, CO 81301
4815 North 11th Street
Falls Church, VA 22044
Arlington, VA 22205
MSgt Howard F. CAMERON USAF(Ret.)
BESSETTE USAF(Ret
)
LtCol Carol S
Mr. Quensel K. DIAMOND
.
.
Box 317
USSAH
8251 Taunton Place
,
5119A Leesburg Pike, #222
DC 20317
Washington
Springfield, VA 22152
,
Falls Church, VA 22041
Col Louis A. CECCHINI (Ret.)
Mr. William D. BLANK
16200 Laurel Ridge Drive
Mr. John V. DOW
P. 0. Box 744
MD 20707
Laurel
475 Pleasant Street
Bonita, CA 92002
,
Milton, MA 02186
William CHALFANT M.D.
Mrs. Elizabeth Burford BOLSON
Montrose VA Med Center
Mr. Albert Milo DOWDEN
43155 Potrola Avenue, Space 73
NY 10548
Montrose
P. 0. Box 188
Palm Desert, CA 92260
,
Stroudsburg, PA 18360
24
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Mrs. Mary "Sal" D. EAMES
LtCol Edward M. GIBBENS
Mr. Robert S. KNOX, Jr.
4601 Calvillo Ct., S.E.
USAF(Ret.)
6904 Greenvale Court
Rio Rancho, NM 87124
4380 Poppy Avenue
Frederick, MD 21701
Mountain Home, ID 83647
Mr. Earl H. ENERSON
Mr. Eli J. KREISBERG
108 Park Avenue, P.O. Box A
Mr. Steven M. GOLDMAN
5 East 28th Street, Box 86
Ladysmith, WI 54848
P. 0. Box 32248
Barnegat Light, NJ 08006
Columbus, OH 43232
Mr. James H. EVANS
Mr. Raoul KULBERG
3209 Riviera P1. NE
Mr. Paul W. GOTTKE
3916 McKinley Street, N.W.
Albuquerque, NM 87111
4114 Blackthorn Street
Washington, DC 20015
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
LtGen Lincoln D. FAURER
Mr. John C. KUNTZMAN
USAF(Ret.)
Mr. Paul GRAY
11204 Trippon Court
1438 Brookhaven Drive
734 Santa Maria Road
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
McLean, VA 22101
El Sobrante, CA 94803
Mrs. Gerri G. LAWRENCE
Mr. David M. FIELDS
Mr. J. Fred GRIFFITH III
9502 Beverly Hill
3543 West Braddock Road, #B-1
308 El Jon Drive
Houston, TX 77063
Alexandria, VA 22302
Kingston, TN 37763
The Hon. William K. LAWSON
Mr. Richard 0. FIMBEL
Ms. Jo Ann HALL
1303 Darlene Way, #402C
4935 Champagne Drive
56 Old Bennington Road
Boulder City, NY 89005
Colorado Springs, CO 80919
Peterborough, NH 03458
Mr. William M. LEARY
Mr. Richard S. FINLAY
Mrs. Donald C. HAYS
Department of History
400 Balsam Drive
501 East 79th Street, #12B
University of Georgia
Severna Park, MD 21146
New York, NY 10021.
Athens, GA 30602
Mrs. Virginia B. FLYNN
Mr. James R. HAYS
Mr. Terence M. LEE
Route 2, Box 370
1439 S.W. 53rd La.
1480 Garfield Avenue
Edenton, NC 27932
Cape Coral, FL 33914
San Marino, CA 91108
Mr. Stanley M. FREAS Jr.
Capt Thomas E. HAYWARD USMC(Ret.)
Mr. Walter F. LITTLE
367 Capri Road
6767 Reflection Street
1923 Westmoreland Street
Cocoa Beach, FL 32931
Redding, CA 96001
McLean, VA 22101
Mrs. Ann M. Boyle GALLAGHER
Mr. Robert D. HUGHES
Mrs. Barbara LOWERISON
5500 Holmes Run Parkway, #602
14659 Valley Vista Boulevard
4672 Adams Avenue
Alexandria, VA 22304
Sherman Oaks, CA 91403
San Diego, CA 92115
Mr. John J. GARLAN
Col Leon S. INGE USAF(Ret.)
Mr. Ninh P. LUC
2758 Oadale Drive (West)
4100 Century Court
731 Oneonta Avenue
Orange Park, FL 32073
Alexandria, VA 22312
Imperial Beach, CA 92032
Mr. Arthur R. GARVIN
Mr. William M. JOSEPH
Mr. Antonio H. LUCERO
1201-Alameda Road, NW
10700 Richmond Avenue, #245
13226 Park Lane
Albuquerque, NM 87114
Houston, TX 77042
Ft. Washington, MD 20744
Mr. Brian J. KAVANAGH
Mr. Vincent S. LUDDY
163 7th Avenue
16022 Riffleford Road
San Francisco, CA 94118
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
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Mr
Stephen J
LYONS
Mr. James C. RIGNEY -
.
.
Dr. Richard A. OUSEY
One Devonshire Place
One Devonshire Place, #3011
7974 Pebble Brook Ct.
Boston
MA 02109
Boston, MA 02109
,
Springfield, VA 22153
Mrs
Evelyn A
McCARTHY
Mr. Robert J. RIOUX
.
.
CAPT Stuart M. PARCHER
USN(Ret
)
29 Broadsound Avenue
.
,
Box 1674
1115 Fallsmead Way
Revere
MA 02151
Pinehurst, NC 28374
,
Rockville, MD 20854
Mr
Stephen W
McCLOSKEY
Mr. Leonard M. RODELL
.
..
Col William W. PASCOE Jr. USAF(Ret.)
5321 Bayview Drive
1668 Beaconshire
7720 Elba Road
Fort Lauderdale
FL 33308
Houston, TX 77077
,
Alexandria, VA 22306
Mr
Donald A
MELBYE
Mr. Steve E. RODGERS
.
.
Mr. William T
PETERS
1119 D Street
S
E
.
11229 Cranbrook Lane
,
.
.
Washington
DC 20003
2117 Coal Place SE
Oakton, VA 22124
,
Albuquerque, NM 87106
Mr
Richard R
MERTENS
Mr. Trammell P. RUTHERFORD
.
.
Mr. Charles 0. PFLUGRATH
2532 Rimrock Drive
1713 Singletary NE
3133 Nestlewood Drive
Colorado Springs
CO 80915
Albuquerque, NM 87123
,
Herndon, VA 22071
Mr
Hayden M
MOBERLY
Mr. Francis E. RYAN
.
.
CAPT Ervin J. PIERUCKI USN(Ret.)
7106 McKamy Boulevard
1540 Red Rock Court
6118 Edith N
E
#134
Dallas
TX 75248
.
.,
Vienna, VA 22180
,
Albuquerque, NM 87107
CDR James F
MORRILL USN(Ret
)
Mr. Richard A. SAMPSON
.
.
Georgian Hotel
#207
Mr. Thomas POWERS
11815 Bernardo Terrace, #E-103
,
Broad Brook Road
1415 Ocean Avenue
San Diego, CA 92128
So Royalton, VT 05068
Santa Monica, CA 90401
Mr. Donald W. SCHIMMEL
Mr. William A. PYE
Mr
James MULA
S
516 Kingsley Road, SW
.
.
94 Maple Avenue
601 W
11th Avenue
#309
Vienna, VA 22180
.
,
Leominster, MA 01453
Denver, CO 80204
Mr. George F. SCHMALHOFER
Mr. Rudolph S. RASIN
Mr
Donald V
MULCAHY
1149 Sidonia Street
.
.
328 E
8th Street
4631 Denpat Court
.
Leucadia, CA 92024
Hinsdale, IL 60521
Annandale, VA 22003
Mr. David J. SCHUMACHER
Mr
Lewis G
REGENSTEIN
Mr
Claus K
NACKE
.
.
4213 De Haven Drive
.
.
4290 Raintree Lane
2627 NW 98th
Chantilly, VA 22021
Atlanta, GA 30327
Seattle, WA 98117
Mr. Richard SCHWARTZBARD
Mr
Edwards L. RHOAD
Mr
James W
NASH
.
3704 N. Woodstock Street
.
.
7125 Oak Ridge Road
8308 Cedarspur
Arlington, VA 22207
Falls Church, VA 22042
Houston, TX 77019
CDR Louis G. SCLIRIS USN(Ret.)
Mr
David W
RICHARDSON
Mr
Armond M
NOBLE
.
.
-
APO Miami, FL 34037
.
.
P. O.
Box 1075
2509 Donner Way
McLean
VA 22101
Sacrameto, CA 95818
,
COL Todd H. SLADE
167 Vista Grande
Barbara M. RIGGS
Ms
Mr. Winston C. OLIVER
.
5704 E. Aire Libre, #1044
Greenbrae, CA 94904
1555 Evers Drive
AZ 85254
Scottsdale
McLean, VA 22101
,
Ms. C. Louise SMITH
5911 Madawaska Road
Bethesda, MD 20816
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Mr. Derrin Ray SMITH
3746 E. Easter Circle S.
Littleton, CO 80122
Mr. Patrick L. TOWNSEND
93 Winfield Road
Holden, MA 01520
Dr. Ernest Rod WILLIAMS
124-A 2825 Bellefontaine
Houston, TX 77025
Mrs. James W. (Jeanne) SMITH
5607 Seward Ct.
Sacramento, CA 95819
Mrs. Agnes C. SPERA
5913 Kingswood Road
Bethesda, MD 20814
Dr. William D. STEEVES Jr.
412 N. Armistead Street, #201
Evelyn V. STRATTON
203 Yoakum Parkway, #519
Alexandria, VA 22304
LTC Charles S. SUSSMAN
AUS(Ret.)
6421 Pumpkin Seed Circle
Boca Raton, FL 33433
Col Donald W. SWAIN
USAF(Ret.)
9420 Mt. Vernon Circle
Alexandria, VA 22309
Mr. Randall C. TALBOTT
25290 Mesa Grande Road
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070
Mr. Lewis A. THAMES Jr.
1203 Third Avenue
Laurel, MS 39440
LTC Charles M. THOMAS
USA(Ret.)
6012 Torreon Drive, NE
Albuquerque, NM 87109
LtCol Clarence L. THOMAS
USAF(Ret.)
2700 N.A-I-A, 12-101
Indialantic, FL 32803
Mrs. Joan E. TOWNSEND
93 Winfield Road
Holden, MA 01520
Mr. William H. TRAIL
5551 Oregon Avenue
Baltimore, MD 21227
Mr. Robert G. TRUMBULL, Jr.
24 Quayside Court
Lake Wylie, SC 29710
Mr. Jordan J. USSAI
2740 Devon Hill Road
Rocky River, OH 44116
Mr. Anthony S. VAIVADA
1229 Ingleside Avenue
McLean, VA 22101
Dr. Andrew V. VALIUNAS
P. 0. Box 2994
Reston, VA 22090
Mr. Charles L. VENABLE
13301 Tierra Montanosa N.E.
Albuquerque, NM 87112
Mrs. Patricia VENABLE
13301 Tierra Montanosa N.E.
Albuquerque, NM 87112
Mr. Charles S. VIA Jr.
116 S. Hudson
Arlington, VA 22204
Mr. Jean Edward VINEYARD
1111 Dee Street, LBE
Box 3245
Bonita Springs, FL 33923
Col Frank E. WALTON USMCR(Ret.)
Colony Surf
2895 Kalakaua Avenue
Honolulu, HI 96815
Mr. James M. WHELAN
Montrose VA Med Ctr
Montrose, NY 10548
Mr. David D. WHIPPLE
1379 Woodside Drive
McLean, VA 22102
Mr. Sam WILSON
10126 Spring Lake Terr.
Fairfax, VA 22030
Col Hugh WINTER USAF(Ret.)
Box 14904
Albuquerque, NM 87191
Mr. Thomas H. WITCHER
710 Brantford Avenue
Silver Spring, MD 20904
Miss H. A. Terry YIRGA
280 South Euclid, #310
Pasadena, CA 91101
Mr. Michael M. ZANONI
2075 Lincoln Ave., Suite F
San Jose, CA 95125
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From the President's Desk
New Beginnings
It's with considerable sadness that we say goodbye
and thank you to Lyman Kirkpatrick as President of
A.F.I:O. He brought to the position unique wisdom and
integrity. All who've worked with him - whom he
served and those he taught have been blessed. I met
him first when, a major in the Strategic Air Command, I
briefed him out in Omaha on some "terribly important"
(only to me) project in which I was involved. As he is
wont, he listened with great patience - lavished praise.
Young majors seldom forget such attention. I've fol-
lowed his long years of service carefully and Kirk has
long been one of my heroes. To follow him as president
is humbling.
We've just concluded a very successful convention:
While reminiscing with old friends and making new
ones was our greatest reward there, the contributions of
our distinguished speakers was indeed important. Some
of their comments may interest:
Gen. Dick Stilwell.- "Access to classified material is a
privilege not a right. Thousands in this country seem
to have this axiom turned around."
Phi/Parker: 'The human agent will continue to be the
most important element for good and against U.S.
intelligence."
Mitch Rogovin: (Looking back on the Church-Pike
days) "CIA was not so bad as depicted nor as good as
they thought themselves." 'Those days ended not
with the expected bang but with a whimper."
Ed Levine: (When asked by Kirk how U.S. intelligence
is doing today): 'They're doing a marvelous job which
is not good enough."
Lionel 01mer: "DOD is no. longer America's promoter
of leading edge in high technology. Most of the new
and innovative technology is coming from small and
medium-sized businesses." "If they don't survive in
the international market they'y ll perish."
Linc Faurer 'There's a need in the U.S. intelligence
community for a new openness - we must knock
down the "green doors."
Dr. Jack Vorona: "We are proposing six new catego-
ries of unclassified data for special handling."
Bob Beach: The U.S. is overcontrolling technology.
The Soviets have access now to 90% of our technol-
ogy through open source literature and academia.
We must protect the vital 10% of the cutting edge and
emerging technology which will keep us ahead."
"Tech transfer today means tougher competition
tomorrow."
Scotty Miller: "This country simply has to better coor-
dinate its counter-intelligence functions and agencies.
Bob Gates: "The big revolution coming for U.S. intel-
ligence will be in the means of transmitting important
intelligence to our decisionmakers - in near real
time."
Gene Tighe
AFIO's New President
There-were so many other interesting words.
Now the convention is history. Those important
words will have significant impact on our business in
the days ahead - should be taken seriously by each of.
us. With great faith in our beloved country, dedication to
the health of our intelligence community and my pledge
of support to every woman and man in AFIO, I must,
start my turn at the helm. I have dreams for you and for
A.F.I.O. Especially I'd like to see on the rolls of the organ-
ization a significantly greater percentage of our intelli-
gence community alumni and their friends. I'm sure
there are so many of the brethren just waiting to be
asked to join or rejoin our-great organization. I hope each
of you will try to_ get. just one new member during the
next year. The rewards are satisfying to the inner self
-a chance to help support all. those who today must
carry out the heavy burdens you once shouldered - and
a chance to educate our youth to the importance of good
intelligence to the health of the United States.
We'll be trying to visit each chapter this year -
maybe for only an hour's conversation and coffee - but
I'd like to meet a great many more of you great people
out there. There are thousands of you and I've'only met
hundreds.
I'll do my best for-you - and the nation. God bless.
AFIO Winter Luncheon
The Winter Luncheon will be held on Mon-
day, December 9, 1985 at the Officers Club at Fort
Myer, Virginia. Note: the location will be Fort Myer
since the Bolling Field Officers Club is closed due
to a major fire last June. We are fortunate in hav-
ing as our speaker The Honorable Alexander M.
Haig, Jr., former Secretary of State. In view of the
limited space we must limit the number of guests.
Each AFIO member will be permitted to bring only
one guest. There will be a flyer sent to members in
the Washington area with information concerning
the menu and the price.
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