THE SHIFTING PATTERN OF NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING: LATIN AMERICA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 46
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Document Release Date: August 2, 2013
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: January 18, 1976
• Content Type: REPORT

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THE SHIFTING PATTERN OF NARCOTICS
? ? - ? ' -
TRAFFICKIN: LATIN AMERICA
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REPORT OF A STUDY MISSION TO MEXICO,::
COSTA RICA, PANAMA, AND COLOMBIA
? JANUARY 6-18, 1976 ?
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MAY 1976
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Copy '. ifT/E:
,
Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations
- - ? - ?
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
68-0960 WASHINGTON: 1976
ILLEGIB
4.;
ILLEGIB
STAT
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f''''''+`"` INTRODUCTION
'
:Six pars . after. the . U.S... Government declared .f`war" on - illegal .
narcotics traffic, irtig abuse is once again Teaching epidemic propor-
tions all across the Nation: This time, however, the widespreadabuse
of heroin_is iaot confined to our major cities but reaches into small
towns as well. The drastic increase in narcotics traffic and abuse in this
country and the deep concerns of President Ford, the. U.S. Congress
and the American people prompted a study mission;to the critical
areas of Mexico,,Cosja, Rica, Panama, and Colombia. .
- On December 22, 1975, President Ford called a special meeting of
a U.S. congressional task force on international narcotics control to
put into perspective United States-Latin America interests in at-
tacking this worldwide menace which threatens to destroy the youth
of our nations. At this meeting President Ford pledged he would do
"whatever it takes", including tough diplomatic measures to stem
the flow of illegal narcotics into the United States.
. Armed with these Presidential assurances and having conducted
many hearings and investigations into narcotics traffic and drug
abuse, :we undertook this vital mission of exchanging ideas, views
and information with representatives of those countries critical to
stemming the flow of narcotics into the United States. To this end
we held a series of conferences at the highest levels including in-depth
discussions with President Echeverria. of Mexico, President Oduber
of Costa Rica, President Lakas of Panama, and President Lopez of
Colombia.
Through these open and frank discussions a clear, although fright-
ening picture has emerged of this common enemy we all face. Last
year alone, it has been estimated that drug-related crime in the
United States amounted to over $17 billion. One must realize that
this deadly traffic does not provide "one single dime" to the treasury
of any of the nations involved and seriously threatens the good re-
lations and good will existing between the peoples of Central and
South America and the United States.
The major sources of the most threatening of illicit narcotics have
been directly traced to Mexico and Latin America. Recent estimates
reveal that over 90 percent of all heroin seizures in the United States
had their sources in Mexico, establishing Mexico as the center of a
billion dollar a year narcotics business. Latin America now supplies
almost .all of the cocaine abused in the United States. Costa Rica,
Panama, and Colombia are all significant producers of marihuana
and provide key links in the cocaine smuggling chain. The trafficking
of cocaine through Colombia alone, has an estimated street yftliie.m
the United States of over $500 million- annually. . ? r .
These statistics clearly reveal the tremendous Size and scopt? .Of
illegal narcotic traffic to the United States. Attendant massive crimi-
nal activity by highly sophisticated and powerful organizations accom-
panies drug trafficking. Thelucrative nature of drug .trafficking. has
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led to the increasing_involv_ement_ of_otherwise legitimate businesses.
? normally engaged in international air and sea? traffic. The producers
and traffickers are heavily armed, often possessing inside information
on the government eradication and enforcement programs which
suggests the ?possibility of high level political tie-ins or protection.'
The efforts to control this, traffic are even further complicated by
_ the enormous physical magnitude of geography, production and
transportation. The- rugged topography of the growing areas, ,the
thousands of miles of unpatrolled? coastline (both here and abroad)
and the thousands of _remote clandestine airstrips, are all factors that,
provide tiemendous 'obstacles to effective enforcement' efforts... . ?. ' .
Clearly, we have been losing this war. With the breakup of the
so-called "French connection" and the temporary ban' on opium-
owing in' Turkey, new :circuitous lines of supply have been'estat
ed. As a result of massive .U.S.. efforts the estimated number of
iiarcOtics-iddicts -dropped from 600,000-in 1970 to 1974: -
But now the total has once again risen to over 500,000., ?
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p*r t: WORLD NARCOTICS TRAFFICKING AND
.THE U.S. GOVERNMENT RESPONSES
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Transitional History Of Narcotics Production and Trafficking
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The traditional .route of. illicit heroin tiaffic= to the United States
has :been-;through Europe .- With the Advent-of-the "United-States-
Turkey opium t?anl,and:,as' the .'US. iGovernment 'began t..serious
Crackdown accompanied by initial cooperation from the Europeans,
the tide began to .turn on drug trafficking. These efforts; however,
have been 'countered by the narcotics traffickers who have shifted
the trafficking routes to 'and through Latin America where customs
inspections and anti-smuggling efforts have been less than thorough.
, The successful efforts of the U.S. Government in bringing about
the Turkish ban forced the traffickers to look for new source countries.
The close proximity to the United States of the new growing areas,
Vast unpatrolled borders, long coastlines, and rugged topography
combine to ,provide excellent ?conditions for the manufacture and
trafficking of heroin, cocaine and marihuana. ? -
:In addition, the historic uncontrolled traffic of smuggled contraband
has complicated the problem. Many Latin American countries have
put on blinders to the traffic in cigarettes, whiskey and other goods
being smuggled from the United States. This attitude has led to
the corruption of many officials on both sides of the border who are
responsible for smuggling control. The transition from cigarettes to
narcotics is simple by itself, but enormous in its profit potential and
effect upon society. Lacking an 'indigenous addict population to
provide a visable reminder,. cooperation in the past from Latin and
Central American nations has been half-hearted at best. A lack of un-
derstanding of the depth of the problem is one of *the contributing
factors to continuing traffic. _._` : ' _
The results of the U.S. failure to seriously attack this pattern
of diversion to the Western Hemisphere has resulted in the increased
Complexity of the problem. New agricultural methods have been
applied to .the narcotics crops resulting in larger yields and an increase
in the number of crops per year. The area production percentage of
U.S.: narcotic suppliers reveals how drastic the change ,has been:
Prior to 1972 and the Turkey production ban, 90 percent of all
heroin seized was of the high quality fluffy White variety originating
in Europe and Asia. The test 'seizure statistics for 1975 reveal that
80-90 percent-of7-all -heroin now originates or 'transships through
Mexico. In four short years 'the vultures?Who ply this 'nefarious trade
? have outmaneuvered and outclassed. meagre control efforts. These
obvious, halfway Measures cannot work: To be effective, `the
traffickers' moves must be anticipated. We are dealing with a problem
that attracts the )nost devious?we must be decisive if we are to
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A? changes in tfiffiCking Viittern?s"ar- e net confined to
her one; sa cocaine and Marihuana, both of Which are traditional
,proi ?a smuggled ,thronghOnt Mexico and Latin America, the i?ateS
of ased use and abuse of these drugs of choice by American
youth have led to increased' South American production and traffick-
-----' f- Conte the ,smIgghng hnkare E6ohneeted, "the 'product 'trafficked
. . is of little importance as long as the great profits .and low risks exist.
The traffic in 'cocaine istraditicinalty -based in the northern Countries
. ? of South America where-itlias -been 'Cultivated and used? by the
Indian population for generations. The distinguishing factor for
consumption is :,that theIndiena.ltraditionally used, the coca leaves
le- &MY while the ARCA U.S. market,is -cocaine. As the 'markets in the
United States, EiiroPeiand.in,:theinconiitiies haVe increased in 'recent ---
years; so has ,the move toward increased firoduction. The vast majority
. of t:cocainer, traffickers T-bakie -developed .; from within the traditional
family-tied smuggling, operati:ans thinughont Latin. America. It has
been - an; easy, transitionAo"meve ifrom .contraband to cocaine and
marlivana:f - _-r:13:.ctruto
Using present controlmethOdS,-,the outlook-for a total control of all
narcotics traffic through ?M.exico ;an-d Latin,America is not good. The
success of growers and traffickers hf theie.present locations- provides
little hope that any greater degree of Success can be attained:. .! ?
. Many of the elements involved in-the 'Upsurge of narcotics traffic are
new ones: Unfortunately, many have been knoivn and understood for
years. This report will delineate 'areas we feel have the potential for
solving one significant aspect of the problem. ? .(1. ? -- . ?
We are greatly encouraged by ;the .meetings we held and are .oriti-
mistic of the results of this mission; ? . ? . ? . ?
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? ' '-i? , U.S. Worldwide Control Efforts.........
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. In response t,o1 a better ,nnderstancling of the problem at home,
a recognition of the need for international cooperation and more
directly as a result of some success in certain areas, our governmental
efforts in ...the control of illicit narcotics traffic has changed over the
years. An. explanation of the role, of the,Department of State in nar-
cotics control is attached to this report in the appendix (p. 48).
As the drug 'culture-in--the United States -tame to fruition in the"
1960's the need for an all-out effort, at control became apparent. Pre-
liminary .investigations led .to lajbetter understanding of world traf-
ficking and in turn its 'effect upon our, Nation. This new pursuit led
to an agreement with Turkey to -ban the production of poppies which
dried -pp the source of most of. the illicit heroin entering the United
States. This highly .successful program resultedin. the recent shift in
traffic `to Mexico -and I..atin.Amenca. Here, where problems are not
restricted to combating the' traffic,: but also,includes production, ,our
pOveinment's effort has ,been.inodified,?..?--? ,, r,.
The Federal narcotics program has .as its_log-term:goal the control
of "all illicit narcotic production, processing, and trafficking through
the intemational-:conimunity. A? more immediate and realistic goal is
to itontrol. all U.S. bound Araffic?particularly heroin through
interdiction and eradication efforts. ? ,i; ? ' t
c. There has been -a failure of the Department g Statetojeadin
guidance and innovation. It is quite apparent that neNtiniti,
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atives must be
exhibit: This',
by the Murphy
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? 'Imaginative
the CIA. or the
initiated :by Ali
provided su stab
IDEA provided i
? "Most; lioive-s
its traditional Al
approach, thoui
quired Many ye;
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in the 1970s'am
issues relating ti
policy will incre
sary to predict f
behavior of im
dependence will
; 'The State Di
answers to issue:
national securiti
reason to view ti
A unilateral r(
national problen
The most sign
ness in the drug
is a mutual probl
national nareotic
could and has le(
To help stem
tration has static
in a liaison and f
ment. In additic
received -narcoti,
highest priority
strengthening of
and mexpenena
three quarters c
:enforcement assi:
1 Excerpts from "El
Subcommittee on Fut
national Relations, 941
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're net confined to
ch are traditional
lmerica, the rates
lice by American
Aim and. traffick-
)roduct 'trafficked
id low risks exist.
iorthern countries .
and used by the
ishing factor for
I the ,cooa leaves'
ae markets in the
ricreased in recent .
The vast majority
n the traditional
America. It has
d to cocaine and
total cinitiol of all
is not good. The
locations provides
attained:. -? ?
rarcotics traffic are
ad Understood for
the potential for
ield and are opti-,
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n?obiem..at home,
eration and more
our governmental
changed over the
it of State in nar-
ix (p. 48)..
to fruition in the
rue apparent. Pre-
ing of world traf-
is new pursuit led
of. poppies which
itenng the United
the recentshift in
problems are not
?.s production, our.
,
m_goal the control
rafficking through
nd realistic goal is
ly heroin through
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f ;Stateto ,lead in
3nt that new
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atives must be employed to show the same creativity that traffickers
exhibit';' This was evidenced in a draftreportIvhich-was not-published-
? by the Murphy Commission and written by Mr. Tom Peters:.' '
'"Imaginative tactics could have come from the State Department;
the CIA or the DEA. Within the Department, they could have been
initiated by AID or the Senior Adviser. None of these organizations,
brovided Sustained 'OreatiV-6 -ideas. The CIA -and
DEA provided many tactical 'approaches. ? -
. "Most, however, were not * AID reacted with
its traditional approach in response to the narcotics program. This'
approach, though quite fruitful in many contexts, would have re4
quired many years for successful implementation. - ? fi
I. The Peters appendix concluded: .
- ,"Most new issues ? confronting_ the- U.S.- foreign ? policy- machmery
in the 1970s and 1980a will be like drugs in that they_will deal with
issaies relating to domestic problems. Implementation of U.S. foreign
policy will increasingly require an understanding of the'levers neces-
sary to predict and potentially influence internal economic and social
behavior of important allies and adversaries. Socio-economic inter-
dependence will continue to increase rapidly.
"The State Department should take the lead in suggesting creative
answers to issues in areas which have traditionally been peripheral to
national security analysis. Response to the drug case gives us no
reason to view the future with optimism"
A unilateral response by the United States cannot solve the inter-
national problem of narcotics.
The most significant effort in the short-term is to bring an aware-
ness in the drug producing and trafficking countries that this problem
is a mutual problem. Not only are these countries risking an increasing
national narcotic problem of their own, but the element of corruption
could and has led to political instability internally.
To help stem this problem, the U.S. Drug Enforcement Adminis-
tration has stationed over 200 agents in 40 different countries to serve
in a liaison and advisory role with their counterparts in drug enforce-
ment. In addition over 10,000 foreign enforcement personnel have
received narcotics enforcement training from U.S. agencies. The
highest priority in the present U.S. program continues to be the
_strengthening of the capabilities .of the relatively_new, ill-equipped _
and inexperienced foreign narcotics enforcement agencies. Almost
three quarters of the current U.S. budget is devoted to bilateral
'enforcement assistance:
'Excerpts from "Effectiveness of Turkish Opium Control," Part I, bearings -before the
Subcommittee on Future Foreign Policy Research and Development. Committee on Inter-
'national Relations, 94th Congress, 1st Session.
47,
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PART II: INDIVIDUAL COUNTRY SITUATION
REPORTS
MEXICO ?
,
? In our view, the,most critical issue confronting the Governments
of Mexico and the United States is the continuing traffic in illegal
narcotics, primarily heroin.
In the last 18 months, Mexico has emerged as the primary source
of narcotics destined for the United States. As much as 90 percent of
the heroin seized in the United States by the Drug Enforcement
Administration now comes from Mexico. At the present time, $1
billion in Mexican wholesale heroin is coming into the United States
on an annual basis. (A recent estimate by a high Mexican official
places this figure at nearly $2 billion.) The emergence of Mexico as the
primary source of heroin in the United States is the result of the effec-
tive disruption of the I rench connection and their "White heroin"
traffic. These efforts created a heroin shortage on the east coast. Mexi-
can narcotic suppliers recognized the opportunity and diversified
their resources to meet an increased demand. By decentralizing their
distribution organizations, Mexican traffickers were able to expand
their activity to smaller U.S. cities, but it also began to appear in
almost every city in the United States.
Despite claims by the Mexican Government that more and more
narcotics are seized and hundreds of defendants are arrested each
year, the Mexican share of the U.S. narcotics market rose from
approximately 38 percent in 1972 to 90 percent in 1975. A review of
these efforts indicates that much more is needed to bring about the
reduction of Mexican narcotics flowing into the United States. How-
ever, 1976 offers great promise for an effective program of joint United
States and Mexican enforcement efforts.
Mexican enforcement and eradication programs have been in
effect in Mexico for more than 30 years. These heroic efforts have
unfortunately been accompanied by the increased availability of
brown heroin, marihuana, and other dangerous drugs. It is not difficult
to understand how the early efforts in eradication and enforcement
failed.
Increasing arrest and seizures have not stopped the flow of narcotics
from Mexico. In 1947 aerial surveillance of an area north of Culiacan
revealed a total of 4,000 opium fields. In 1975 a similar survey again
located almost the same number of fields in the same areas. Years of
development enforcement expertise and technology have had little
effect on reducing production. In the late sixties the United States
unilaterally initiated Operation Intercept, which brought about long
lines of automobiles at border points of entry. This bold stroke by the
Nixon administration resulted m Operation Cooperation, the beginning
of our joint enforcement programs.
611-098 0 ? 76 - 3
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Our joint programs began with years of diplomatic discussions,
.. informal conferences in Mexico, Canada, and the United States which
. pointed out many desirable options and ideas. Finally in 1974 all the
years of rhetoric resulted in positive actions. For the first time Mexico
officially acknowledged that it was a source country, for opium,
? marihuana and dangerou dru'gs 4 F---- .4
The Mexican Government further gave recognition to the fact that
. its country was a transshipment country for European heroin and
South American cocaine. A number of illicit amphetamine tabletifig
operations surfaced in Mexico in the early 1970's. -
Although several serious issuemmerged during our discussion, the
one underlying characteristic that prevails throughout the top level
? ranks_ of the :Mexican,.Gpvernment_js a willingness-to, create new.
programs to eliminate the problem" .-, ? !7; ,
? After our arrival in Mexico City,on January 6, 1976, we began with
a meeting with Mexican Attorney General Pedro ,Ojeda-Paullada. By
Executive Order the, Office of Mexico's Attorney General was placed
in charge of the eradication campaign, and the overall enforcement
efforts Therefore the -views of Attorney General Ojeda regarding
.narcotics enforcement were of considerable. importance to our
investigation. ?
Attorney General Ojeda stated that each of our respective countries
,must do its part to continue improving our efforts. He stressed that
it would be helpful if jointly desired programs of narcotics control,
such as effective exchange programs of, intelligence information were
established. We both?mustattack this problem with complete respect
',for each others *sovereignty. As an example of this, he said U.S.
officials must be in contact only with his office concerning narcotics
problems. However, narcotics control is not, he said, a large or in-
surmountable problem?we both have to be flexible to meet the needs
of circumstances. - -
The Attorney General disagreed with the U.S. white paper on drug
abuse that it tends to reduce the importance of the need to control
marihuana. He feels the question of marihuana control and current
legal changes, including decriminalization of marihuana in the United
.States, should,be regulated by the legal requirements of the 1961
'Single Convention. ,He feels we must treat marihuana -is an illegal
;substance. To explain this, he said heroin and marihuana traffickers
are usually the same groups and Mexico is obliged by international
treaty to handle marihuana violations the same as other illicit nar-
cotics. Both countries, he said, must increase efforts at all -levels to
?conibat narcotics traffickers as well as increase the exchange of infor-
mation. He praised the statement of President Ford concerning the
need for increased activity in narcotics control.
, The Attorney General recounted steps taken by the United States
and Mexico during October and Noyember of 1975 that have resulted
in increased cooperation and increased ;efforts directed at narcotics
Icontrol. ? . ),. _ -,4?1
.,? He said the problems ;--O-f the current -eradication campaign are
especially in the areas of planning and execution. There was 'concern
over equipment needs and -organizational problems at the beginning,
but now they.have been largely overcome. Some, but only a few poppy
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fields have been
campaign. and th
are some specific
out with the U.S
- -The Attorney.-'
the
the poppy- growi--
current . campaigi
coordination, Tb ?
is the use of her
the problems fot i
using this more-
experiments and,
herbicide cotildil_
- :On January 7,
eral. He explain(
began July .1974
this year's camp
its expansion asp,
? The Attorney(
of herbicides beg
pp on 'all fronts: .
November 20 to
her 23, to Januar:
field being one-ha
When asked at
there was- estimt
if we use the lat
marihuana.. Of th
when would the
plantings were m
the earlier planti
isolated fields eon)
,- When asked ab
General said prei
and personnel ma
put. The Govern
aircraft that can
Mexican officials -
several local coral
We recognize t
with: the sophistif
able to see firstha
the:difficulty that
. Attorney .(
for the-field inspe(
'eradication prowl
:town of Altamirai
shown fields "that
couraging to. vieNi
effort -of eradicat
time. It waseasyi
of destroying the
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omatic .discussions,
Linited States which
ally in 1974 all the
'le first time Mexico \, ?
ountry for opium,
tion to the fact that. _
iropean heroin and ? . ? :4
thetamine tableting
our discussion, the
ghout the top level
nessvto, creato.new
? .f.:?.'Je`t;'
1976, we began With
,Ojeda-Faullada. By
'General was placed
overall enforcement
al Ojeda. regarding
mportance to our
respective countries
ts: He stressed that
)f narcotics control,
ce information were
ith complete respect
this, he said US.
oncerning narcotics
said, a large or in-
la to meet the needs
white paper on drug
the need to control
'control and current
huana in the United
ements . of .the 1961
ihuana . as an illegal
iarihuana traffickers
ed by international
as other illicit nar-
orts at all levels to
exchange of infor-
Ford concerning the
y the United States
15 that have resulted
ltrected at narcotics
;
Cajon campaign are .
L There Was concern_
b-s it the beginning,
nit only a few POPPY
1"
fields. have?been-harvested. lie Li 'content 'with the pr- oiss'of the
.
campaign and the assistance rendered by the -United States. There
are some .specific needs of the campaign that are still to be worked
mit with. the U.S. -Government.
? : The Attorney. General described the remote .and rugged aspects of
the poppy growing areas. He. confirmed the augmentation of the
current campaign and the steps taken to improve efficiency and
Coordination. The most important feature of the current campaign
is the use of herbicides. -He explained the political sensitivities and
' the problems for both governments that delayed a practical.Means of
using this more ,effective tool. He went on to describe the necessary
experiments and demonstrations before' final decisions on the 'type of
herbicide could be. made: ? '2 .
.-On January.?, a;second meeting was held with the Attorney Gen-
- eral. He explained that. the plarthirT for the -eradication campaign
began _July .1974 but .general discussions -concerning development of
this year's campaign in the sense of selection of Mexican- states and
its expansion aspects began only in Jahnary 1975., - ;??
The Attorney General said the eradication campaign without the use
of herbicides began November 13, but it did not automatically start
pp on all fronts. In early December the intensive phase began. From
November 20 to December 22, 273 fields were destroyed; from Decem-
ber 23, to January 6, 646 fields were destroyed, the average size of the
field being one-half acre. ? ?
When asked about the total acreage, Attorney General Ojeda said
there was estimated to be approximately 15,000 ? ,to 20,000 fields;
if we use the latter, about 6,600 hectares. This is both poppy and
marihuana. Of. these, an estimated 12,000.fields are opium. We asked
when would the opium be harvested? The Attorney General said
plantings were made in September, October, and November. Some of
the earlier plantings were ready to harvest in December, although
isolated fields could have been ready earlier. .
, When asked about the effectiveness of reconnaissance, the Attorney
General said present phototechniques were limited by aircraft speed
and personnel management problems, resulting in some reduced out-
put. The Government of Mexico is considering the use of Lear jet
aircraft that can fly higher, faster, and map much greater areas.
Mexican officials are now discussing this possibility of rental with
several local companies...1
We recognize the enormity of the enforcement problem. Dealing
with the sophisticated trade is indeed a complex problern. We were
able to see firsthand during an overflight of the remote growing areas
the difficulty that enforcement personnel encounter. . ; ? . ? - ?
-; ? The Attorney General was most cooperative in providing assistance
for the field inspection. Dr.-Alesandro Gertz Manero, head of Mexico's
eradication program accompanied us on the helicopter flight near the
town of Altamirano. During an overflight of the growing area, We were
:shown fields' that had already been destroyed. Although it was *en-
touraging to view tangible results, it was quite obvious the overall
effort of eradication, was not achieving, the desired goals -at-that
time, It was easy to see how impractical is the "stick-beating" method
of destroying the. crops. It was -reported that on -some.occasions the
_
?
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
10
soldiers would; even niiss -fields next to them. Hopefully,. with the
spraying technique- "how being instituted, greater progress can be
accomplished. The herbicide gramaxone should provide a constructive
difference in the' eradication program. This reduces drastically the
manpower effort which was originally required. The Mexican Govern-
ment should be commended for adopting a more realistic approach
in their eradication efforts.- ? .
- While the sincere intentions of the Gavernment of Mexico deserve
praise, the bottom line results at the time of our visit -were poor,
for by January 197-6 there were feports of 4ess than 5 percent poppy
eradication out of 20,000 Acres. Although the decision to utilize the
helicopter spray equipment had been made in December 1975 the
entire system did not become operable until the end of January 1976.
This was not the fault of the .Mexicans but poor planning and make-
shift equipment delayed the operatioriq r. ? - ?
The present campaign.-has taken. On ' a. sense of permanency, and
resources will be inaintainenn-the field ? on a year round basis to
identify and destroy opium fields. The intensive eradication phase is
not expected to be completed until late April 1976. Current informa-
tion provided by the Department of State indicates that, as of
March 18, 1976, using for the most part, aerial sprayed herbicides, over
18,000 poppy fields representing some 1,500 acres have been destroyed
in a 12-state area of Mexico. The current campaign for the first time
was extended to include new growing areas in the southern region of
the Sierra Madre Mountain chain. The. 12-state area represents over
600,000 square miles .in the western part of Mexico extending some
1,200 miles from north to south..
A major breakthrough in the control of heroin came as a result of
two meetings we had with President Luis Echeverria-Alvarez. It was
after a 6-hour meeting chaired by President Luis Echeveriia-Alvarez
that finishing touches were put to a recommendation that for the
first time would establish formal organizations that will coordinate,
in their respective countries, the entire spectrum of the narcotic
regulatory educational, rehabilitative, and informational agencies.
The proposal will lead to the creation of an action oriented, permanent
joint working group that will present recommendations to both the
Mexican and United States organizations to .bring about effective
action and coordination of all drug abuse related activities. For the
first time, we are working from the premise that narcotics is a mutual
problem. 1 ? ? .
? ? The parallel high-level commissions should be a high profile program
of bilateral cooperation aimed at (1) sensitizing the public,' (2) um-
' proving and upgrading coordination between the two countries and
among various public agencies within each country, (3) laying eco-
nomic groundwork for turning drug growing peasants to a - more
socially acceptable activity, and (4) monitoring the effectiveness of
the enforcement program. . ?
The Commission should be permanent, regularly staffed and bud-
geted bodies bringing together experts in and outside the Government.
The experts must be able to deal with both the enforcement and educa-
tion aspects. President Echeverria indicated that the Mexican Commis-
sion might consist of representatives from the Departments of Defense,
Interior, Ed
media, and -El
each other. pi
. President
creating new
who cultivit
grams would;
ment efforts:,
. 'One outst:
Mexican', Go
and the coin
the traffickei
Of. the MeXici
fOr:. the. oPhi ,
acceptance o
:As our ell
efforts find t
System of*
to the persoi
proposed suc
The Mexic
our two natif
cars and airp
and the Unit
should be?:
Echeyenia .s
portant but -
as broad as t
have more th
they are full)
To grasp ti
stand the op I
production .o.,
Mexican anc
of the patter.;
of knowledgc
eradication p
collected wit]
opium intellii
. The total .a
Attorney Gei
that there ar
Mexico estim
/ Opium is g
/ area of Sinal
the largest g
into the seen]
To meet, t
Government.
This new tact
range has .on.1
effort. _cm,
?i .?
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200_110002-4
opefully; ."with th-e
i progress Can be
vine a constructive
lceS drastically the
el Mexican Govern-
realistic approach
? ? .
of Mexico deserve
ir visit, were poor,
in 5 percent poppy?
;ision ? to utilize the
)ecember 1975 the
Ld of January 1976.
Aarining and makeL
?
f permanency, and
ear round basis to
;radication phase is
i. Current iiaforma-
licates that, as of
yed herbicides, over
Lave been destroyed
;II for the first time
, southern region of
,rea represents over
ico extending some
- ?
came as a result of
rria-Alvarez. It was
Echeverria-Alvarez
lation that for the
lat will coordinate,
Lm of the narcotic
-mational agencies:
niented, permanent
lations to both the
ing about effective
activities; -For the
arco tics is a mutual
ugh profile program
the public, (2)
im-
two countries and
try, (3) laying eco-
easants to a 'more
the effectiveness of
ly staffed and bud-
de the GovernmentT? --
)rcement and educa-
Le Mexican Commis-
istments of Defense;
11'
Interior, 'Educationi Health, the Attorney General, Congress, news
inedia,-and sociologists. The National Commissions would meet with
each other. periodically to strengthen collarboration. ? ? u?-?, ??!.
President Echeverria noted the Commission might cooperate in '
creating new rural employment opportunities .for the poor compesinOs
who _cultivate. the poppies for monetarygain? Income replacement pro-
grams would .be explored along with .more conventional crop replace' -
,ment efforts. , . .
,
One outstandingm. 'of the Commission is that it woulcl?help the.
Mexican.,Government in dealing with the problem of public apathy
and the conipesinos' inability to resist the temptations proffered by
the traffickers. A broader more intense public commitment on the part
of.. the Mexican- Government could help bring about popular disdain
TOFthe. opium grower and trafficker which? might lead to 'a --greater --
acceptance of income' substitution,- !.;.1 ? ? ? ..
our enforcenrent, rehabilitation, ,educational, and diplomatic
efforts find themselves breaking through. the ;years of development, a
.system of ;inonitoring becomes more and More important. It is a credit
to the personal commitment of the 'Mexican Chief Executive that he
proposed such a vehicle. ? ; ? .-z ?
The Mexican President is well aware of the mutual problems facing
our two nations. The 2,000-mile border with the movement of people,
cars and airplanes, is of major concern to the Governments of Mexice
and the United States. Economic factors as Well as educational aspects
should' brought to bear through a broader approach:. President
Echeverria stated that enforcement and interdiction efforts are im-
portant but this is not enough to cope with an international problem
as broad as the traffic of narcotics. He stated that both Governments
have more than demonstrated to the public from the highest level that
they are fully committed to combating the dangers of drug trafficking.
To grasp the overall problem of narcotic trafficking, one must under-
stand the opium production and distribution system in Mexico. The
production .of Mexican opium is illegal. It is apparent that both the
Mexican and United States Governments are lacking in knowledge
of the patterns of opium cultivation in the producing areas. This lack
of knowledge is an important obstacle in bringing about in effective
eradication program, This information is easily available and could be
? collected with -present Mexican ;assistance-What is needed is for? this, .
Opium intelligence program to be given the needed priority.
The total acreage of opium poppy grown in Mexico is unknown. The
Attorney General of Mexico said that estimates for this year indicate.?
that there are 12,000 fields of opium. The regional office of DEA in
Mexico estimate that there may be as many as 15,000 to 18,000 fields.
Opium is grown throughout many regions of Mexico. The tri-state
area of Sinaloa, Durango, and Chihuahua is perhaps the oldest Jand
the largest growing_ area.; The southern zone .has recently developed
into the second area of importance.' ? 4:, ;- . k !',?; ? ;
: meet this ,new.-challenge in the southern range, therMexican-
GOverninent began ,its 'destruction 'operation near 'the - end -,4!)f: 1975:
This new tactic should prove very' ithportant:. Up to now the ',southern
range has :Onlyreceived token attention from the'Mexican eradication'
effort.? .t.a? ? ?-? ? .v.q-
1.1. 4.. I. .? -:,3?);_41 f!
: -4 t`, -47.f ;
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- Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06 CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
The major *heroin groups which have been identified consist of
families who have been associated with the heroin traffic for many
years, some dating back to the beginning of World War II. There are
well identified groups in the trafficking cities of Culiacan, Durango,
Monterrey, and Tijuana.-
.These major traffickers apparently are drgariized to perfOrni-nicist
of the processing and distribution functions. The chemists who process
the heroin are reportedly oftenjealously guarded by the organizationg.
Although the chemical process and laboriamies are quite unsophisti-
cated it appears that they may present a choke point in the supply
and distribution system. After processing, the heroin is distributed
in small amounts by courier to the border areas. At the border numer-
ous smuggling _groups rmay be contacted, to transport the hei oin.
It is at this stage, after the heroin has left the processing areas,
that it is much more difficylt to intercept. The number of persons
involved in the distribution system within Mexico is incredibly large.
It is unlike the traditional pattern of distribution in the eastern
United States, where New York served as an import center for almost
all French heroin reaching the United States. Rather, the Mexican
heroin distribution system is decentralized, so that small weekly
shipments are made to individual cities in the United States from
within Mexico. This decentralized distribution system makes inter-
diction in the United States or at the border an almost impossible task.
Individually these small operators are a vulnerable target for law
enforcement. However, their large numbers pose a problem,. given
current enforcement resources, making effective neutralization of
these groups an unlikely near-term prospect.
Protection and corruption are the traditional means by which the
major trafficking groups have been able to operate and to eliminate
competition. The pattern of payoffs and protection has been reported
at all levels of government and in all related government agencies.
This is particularly true of state governments in the tristate area,
where government involvement in the traffic has reportedly been
established for many years.
However, much evidence has recently surfaced That illustrates the
sincerity of the officials of the Mexican Government, who have
pledged their total commitment to solve this problem. Recent efforts'
at joint prosecution indicate the dedication of the enforcement and
judicial branches of the Mexican Government. We have been informed
that the .Mexican Supreme Court has recently disciplined three
judges on charges of taking some $600,000 in bribes from a northern
Mexican heroin smuggling gang. Their dismissal follows an investiga-
tion by the office of the Mexican Attorney General. The dismissal
of these officials is positive proof that a campaign against corrupt
officials has been launched in Mexico.
The Mexican authorities make no distinction between hard narcot-
ics and marihuana enforcement. The heroin trafficker who corrupts a
government official, regardless of rank, is no different than the mari-
juana dealers who also corrupts. Many officials of the GOM made it.
known , to us that the Presidential release of the white paper de-
emphasizing the importance of marihuana in the United States dis-
turbed them. The current trend to decriminalize marihuana in the
United States will create more problems for the Mexican enforcement
officials. The increased demand that will result from further decrim-
inalization
and hence
tunities for
Joint Un
began wit]
"BNDD" :
constantly
only impro
ment. Sini
r 'presence"
the increasi
are current
peak 13erio
and the Mi
4- ?
in Part - Sanitized CODV Approved for Release 2013/08/06 CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
t
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06 : CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
,
identified consist' of
oin traffic for many
d War II. There are
Culiacan, Durango
?
:ed 'to PerfOrm iiist
?
;heinists. Who process
),y the orginization4.
ire quite unsophisti-
poinein the supply
ieroin is distributed
11 the bordernumerL
arisport the hei,oin.
he processing areas,
(number of ?pers'ons
o is incredibly large.
ution in the 'eastern'
ort center for almost
tather, the MeXican
that small weekly
United States from
system makes inter-
nost impossible task.'
?.rable target for law
se a problem, given
re neutralization of
no. eans by wilich the
ate and to eliminate
on has been reported
overnment agencies.
in the tristate area,
has reportedly been
? ?
that illustrates the
eminent, who have
ibleni. Recent efforts'
the enforcement and
e have been informed'
ly disciplined three
ibes from a northern
follows an investiga-
neral. The dismissal
iign against corrupt
retween hard narcot-'
ficker who corrupts a'
erent than the marl-
)f-the GOM made it.
the white japer ? de-
.e United States dis-
marihuana in 'the
dexican enforcement
rom further decrim-
. ? ,
,r1.3
inalization of marihuana will increase the production of marihuana
and hence the traffic. More traffic in any drug equal ? more oppor-
tunities for corruption.
Joint United States and Mexican efforts to curb narcotics trafficking
began with this involvement of U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency
"BNDD" in Mexico in the 1950's. From the early days DEA. has
constantly worked to develop operational procedures that will not
'pnly improve Mexican enforcement programs but also U.S. enforce-
ment.. *ince, 1973 the Mexico Government ? has permitted , the
'presence" of several teams of DEA agents. Today m response to
the increasing demands on our joint enforcement efforts, special agents
;are currently working in the producing area of Mexico. During these
peak periods of ,narcotic production the relationship between DEA
and the Mexican colleagues is vetyimportant.
??
? ? -
?
?
' 1.t .;" . ?
tk-
? 1.
t?? ? ?
.1...
_ ?3:11r47 .1 7-1.
,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
ipmenzwellaz=16i
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
He reportedly. has,
_1972. In February_
Ition by Colombian
cy. He is presently
at of Colombia has
3Ct to the military
are getting faster
iericans,are serving
lig charges:. '? ?
.ere, Colombia finds
mizations. Traffick-7,
utori and -contacts: .
now enierging as e:
'S own. enforcement
3 four governmental
the Department of
eral)., Bureaucratic
n effective program:
sources conducting
. Shooting incidents
,f ? :. :-?, ? .. J
he Colombian Chief
ir a single command.
it is hoped that an
iovernment appears
; their enforcement
at Colombia intends
ntry willingness and
:Government. The
rs and the seizrre of
oca'r e. The Depalt-
1975 seized nearly 30
and 19 kilograms of
by our Colon-bian
met with drawbacks
State Department
retie regulations to
Development balked
a at a lath date pro-
seless in Colombia.)
events the complete
ires that would deal
programs have also
.c..)
ing:- The Colombian
)ercent of secondary
ig abusers. The city
'bk. A study in 1974
.uilizers are preferred
ups.. This study was
ients.../The future 'of
s increased traffic by
umbers of .People for
r.F..tr
t - t..
r
?
'01/5ttrriT4'..M.ettstl tit dortank Lterfir),Dire. fraS'
LP,(% jt '40 " .11: 1.10...-1, fv? tv."
+41;31.01i.arlar,44711Z;3.ill.tritij.k../.4,14:_e11 ?-?
?e1m1.41 4Lforl-tg1o11 tvil IC b.....briL;c wni
e-, ? th:vs:Jilug If-- .1 4.
fIrtj'.1 r2hCl' PART 1111 CONCLUSIONS AND'"'
.RECOMMENDATIONS,,,,:_,??
.ti 4L-11b1 ..?(, 4j.
7117: . P:'-4 ? r'Y'. 1,1 17 f5,,trgrir-,
,
?Mexicii, Central . and :South America represent .the ,niajor Source
and. trantit.'route for 'illegalnarootic? entering the United. States:,
Most 'recent 'estimates reveal 'that over 90 ,percent of the heiciin...and.
docairie Seized -in theynited States' has its .origin'Or ,transits. through
Mexico and COlombikrespeCtively.,Yirtually, all countriet throughout
.the'region'itre being used .for the transit of illegal narcotics and the
h of Marihuana.' Theleit few seen dianiatie-incieasei'. --
in'the'adtiiiities Of narcotics growers and' raffickert 'as the traditional
sources Of tipPly ffiim Europe and Asia have been 'C:onabated,.:,
, Because of the proximity of the region; the' hundreds Of Clandestine
airstrips and thousands of miles of unguarded coastline, efforts to
stop the illegal traffic at the U.S. border would be virtually impossible
in the short, term. With the encouragement of enormous profits
and the backing of sophisticated and ,wellfmanced 'organizations
there is midi encouragement for local involvement in drug trafficking...
Throughout the region, inhabitants have .great difficulty, in :under.;
standing the serious implications of ,this threat to their society.
?In recent years the government of those countries in which the
largest amounts of illicit narcotics are produced have begun to under-
stand the need for effective international control. This understanding
which has been generated from the highest levels of government has
led toward increasing cooperation and assistance with out own
objectives and goals. Most notable among these has been the creative
initiative from President Echeverria calling for bilateral commissions
with a joint working.group..In both Costa Rica and Panama where
a major problem lies in the transiting of narcotics, recent statements
by President Oduber and President Lakes have been extremely
encouraging in their support for joint efforts to control this problem.
Colombia's :President Lopez has undertaken a significant reorganize,-
tion of narcotics control agencies that his resulted in mbre effective ?
interdiction operations and joint working efforts with' U.S: enforce-; ?
meat teams.?!, - ? ? : ? E. ? -..!, ;:9..? f!.
These significant steps represent a new determination on the part
of .those countries we visited to take the effective measures necessary
to combat drug traffic. ? Much more: is needed to 'achieve :our goals
of bringing an end to the use and 'abuse of illegal narcotics, at there
are many major obstacles that remain ,inrtheir path. 'Let me discuss.:
.thete,problema.!tolr: t7. -6. - DS q,. !yr:: :5 t
Rf; Amp!: 11;t7.4,1
litertbi,4!ii50i13.0=-7-77,-4frs -11001.17 rz.G I L tyi ti;f1
i)14 '44 6;112V,E iin:(41?:-'7'.:a
7-16i,Lf",tikif,i;t6-4;a14,-whit .it Iixctisidpab ti ; dd.223;e4.6.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
?4,3034,,
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
...1,-.401104 1
?
?
-14ettirtedV, h8t-7-# 7'
1972.1n Februaxy;
tion-byColombian i '
He s presently'
? ',I
t of Colombia has
?A`to the military
are ? getting faster
3ricane,are serving
ig
? Colombia* finds
nizations..TraffickL,;
tore and cr,ontacts.,
tow enierging ea' ra
.owkenforcement
four governmental
he ? Department of.
xaD. 'Bureaucratic
effective prograin;
lourced ? Conducting
Shooting incidents
I,' lid)
re 'Colombian Chief
a single command.
; is hoped, that an
oveminent appears
their enforcement
t Colombia intends
ttn. -willingness and
-Government: 'The
and the seizure of
'dare. 'the DcpaTt-
75 nearly 30
,nd 19 Idlograirs of
by -Our ?Colon-.bian
net with drawbacks
State Department
atic regulations to
levelopment balked
at a late date ytro-
eless in Colombia)
vents' the Complete
res that would deal
irogritma have also
'0)1
^ The Colombian
trcent 'of secondary
; abusers. The city
As,. A study in 1974
tilizers are preferred
ps.,This study was
tnts:v The .fiitureLof
increaded traffic by ?- . -
=bars Of People for
P ESS.' Orb: CUM: II
07,410- 4:rer . Th( Otittato- thy- ^I-1'4T ?
41.71-.1 jati.
110 iltitr4 s SIM 1104 :101a.! "Pith/it II. fr.; hnf? 7701
Ck.fiN7" rpouiforl I rr. 101,4 Cr. ?:.*
giv..j 11 c'11
PART
?
, ,RECOMMENDATIONS ? ?
i .1;
IL' - ."
c'.MexiCh, Central: and 'South America 'represent' the Major 'iointe
and transit :roiite, for illegal ::riarCotics 'entering the 4United State-s:,
Most. recent 'estiniatee reveal that over - 90 percent ..of the heroin' and.
Pticaineeeiied-in-theTziited States has its origin or transits through
Medco ind,Colombiarespectively. Virtually, all countries thithighout.
the region are being usedjoi.?. the 'transit of illegal narcotics .and, the
growth Of Marihuana/Thelasffeears have Seen dramatic increased'
in the activities of nercotics.groivers and-traffickerd as the traditional
sotirces of si- pply 'froth Europe and Asia have been Combated.' L
Because of the proximity of the region, 'the hundreds of clandestine
airstrips and thousands of, miles .of. unguarded coastline, efforts to
stop the illegal traffic at the U.S. border would be virtually impossible
in the .short term. With the encouragement ,of enormous profits
and the backin. .g of Sophisticated and well-financed organizations
there is.miich encouragement for local involvement in drug trafficking.
Throughout the region, inhabitants have great difficulty. in .under-
standing the serious implications of this threat to. their society. ?
In recent years the government of those :countries in which ? the
largest amOnnts of illicit narcotics are produced have begun to under-
stand the need for effective international-control. This understanding
which has been generated from the highest levels of government has
led toward increasing cooperation, and assistance with out own
objectives and goals. Most notable among these has been the creative
initiative from President Echeverria calling for bilateral commissions
with a joint working 'group. ? In both Costa Rica and Panama where
a major problem lies in the transiting of narcotics, recent statements
by President Oduber and President .Lakas have been extremely
encouraging in their support for joint efforts to control this problem.
Colombia's President Lopez has undertaken a significant .reorganiza-
tion of narcotics control agencies that has resulted in more effective.
interdiction operations. and. joint 'working .efforts with .U.S; enforce-, ..
ment teams. . r? ? '1
These significant steps represent a new determination on the part ,
of those countries we visited to take the effective measures necessary
to combat drug traffic. .Much more, is ?needed to achieve :our goals
of bringing an end to the use ? and abuse .of illegal. narcotics, as there
are many major obstacles that remain,in .their. path. Let me discuss
these problems.;. ? t. brr7-' au';;
tee'. k;a.- ? -(25y L.c.r.:.siyr
`IS* 11`4,r 1:0,?!`: ? ".S:101,..Ift;Crt ir,
ti!.!
l'AT...7t;IT.;LLt; ;my 4.1'1;4
-
?
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??,??{?}
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
4-.14
.17
-
7*; ..in
'' '. ... ?.',
-- 7. '' . ..,,"2 . .., ,
1. -(,1
---3- -----
? ,? ???
.28
?
- -
. ' t.E..-34)01 fttrz.' it:A.1 r.t.1.....CORRUPTION :At . ett.- 110 47:"'"="4:'1!". hlt7
brought ;about -
' t .1this agreement''
..-? - ???-? ,.,.!? - 1 n? T'vev.1. ?,r < ,, -.:;" 1'i ? ;f: 1..*.? ? 1 .:.? , .,r, / . ' ..-% --Z
0
Due to ,the enormous profits in ,narcotics trafficking and the rela-1endeavors ? lies
.itivelyi low ?standard of living throughout these areas, corruption 4'? tcountried.1" .7.r- v
remains , a \major problem. To the Mexican federal policeman who. . er: !,:-)
earns the?mea,ger slim of $150 to $200 a month, the easy profits from
the drug traffic 'provide a formidable temptation. This problem which
'persists throughout 'all the growing and trafficking countries is com-
,
II 9,
%
- ,pounded- as long as4;the, end results of this deadly traffic remain - - --
-thousands of rrnles away in the United States.- While this problem ' ?
persists from the lowest to high levels of government, recent estimates ? ?
suggest that the leaders.; of . these ?nationa have 'began to .recegnize
;the need, tO end this .eittiation.; Pursuant to a. pledge by the Mexican
Government to eliminate corruption, we have been informed that the.
Mexican ;Supreme reourt has, recently disciplined _ three. ;j4dgei . on
cher$es 'Of takin,g Elothe $600,000 in ;bribes from_e;..nOrthern Mexican --
? 11
heroin' 'smuggling gazig.'..- Their :dismissal, followed an investigation,
WhiCh: had been launched ,,brthe 'Office of 'thee Mexican ' Attorney.
General, These dismissals offer.positive,proof that a campaign against
?Corruption-is underway r
-.INCOME SUBSTITUTION
_ _
Many of the Same ills that led to corruption of.gornnient officials
plague poor farmers and small distributors who .grow and traffic
illicit narcotics. The need for ,economic development in' the rural
areas of most growing countries has led to the cultivation of illicit
drugs. By providing alternate income opportunities, whether it be
through -crop substitution programs or the development of agri-,
industrial projects it is possible to realize the reduction and elinfination
of illicit cultivation at its source.'' ? " '
: . ,?!?:?2 ? ?
, ? REGIONAL APPROACH ? V.
. The problems ? of corruption, adequate intelligence gathering,
successful eradication and interdiction are shared throughout the pro-
ducing and trafficking nations. In order to effectively deal with each
of these issues on an individual basis, it is necessary to coordinate
the efforts of all nations -involved: We must initiate and encourage'
cooperation between all nations affected by narcotics trafficking. More-
cooperation -is needed 'in the extradition and joint- prosecution of
narcotics traffickers. To enhance our coordinated efforts', we must es-
tablish a narcotics intelligence sharing organization to provide the ?
necessary up to date accurate intelligence on a regional basis. ?
--,Most of these needed reforms .are contained in the innovative
pro-
posal of bilateral ?commissions as put forth by President Luis Eche- -
?yerria Alvarez of Mexico. For the first time, it calls for mutual co- '
operation not only in the area of narcotic interdiction and enforcement;'?
but throughout the broad spectrum of the drug problem', including'
regulatory, educational, rehabilitative and _informational agencies. _
7-
By the -creation- of if:joint 'working group, as , recommended bY.
President Echevertia, we Will be able to - combme the resources and
energy to attack this problem from both sides. Implementation of
t.tt u.t?Ltur :'N,1)1:.?- 1 i - = t :" ? N ??V*_ ?VVV V;
',NJ= Orc't r.,-. 2 L._
? otht:
-Throughout
element most a
total output ai
whether it be
operations or
overall efforts.
:In Mexic(..1
.ythe use of herb _
he ite-CeiSarir
controlling. na
'Personnel ? is 'a
required the Ai
'agents involve
this equipment
the proper saf
resulted in th(
feasibility stt.k
materials, the
cured through
delay between
in Washington
proper equiprn
delivered durn
begun and mill
to note that wh
tion the cost ol
It is quite a.'
inhibited in son
in our program
the Departmer
initiative. Mor
ionnel have b(
out of fear of o-
The effectiv(
greatly hampet
yproximately 2,1
providing a4e9
is cost prohibit
planes, ships a.
be unable to st
During Worl
patrol to prote
a a
?
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4.,
, ? r_. .4% ? -
, L
71,14%7 Kt.
-
Eing and 'the rela-
areasi. corruption ?
ii policeman who .
easy_ profits from
his problem which ?
countries is corn-
Ely traffic remain ? ?:.? ?
bile this problem'
t, recent estimates
aguii_ to reeOgriizs.,
e by;thfi-Mexiceji
'?
northern "Mexicini
':investigation
vIexican Attorney.
I:can:1*dpi against
-
. :
)feriiinerit
,grow and traffic
nent in the rural
iltivation of illicit
Les, whether it be
elopment of agri-
on and elimination
?
?
- _
ligence 'gathering,
iroughout the pro-
ely deal with each,
sary _to _coordinate'
ate and encourage.
s trafficking. More
int prosecution 'of
fforts; we must es-'
on to provide the
onal basis. !i ?
he innovative pro-:
arsident Luig Eche
ills for' mutual co'z
ri and enforcement/
problenirincludirie
national agencies.
,recommended
the resources and
fmplementation of
'
'
,S..? r!
.this agreethentend the effecinatiOna e 'joint Working' group' must be
-brOught.ehout.without delay. The 'ultimate Success of our 'combined
tendeavors'f lies in the - 'enordination" of wiriouS? plans of our two
countries.. ?? .1,- .1: ? L.
.ifr" - c! 'BUREAUCRATIC OBSTACLES'"? _
71.tiOrr: It, : ?
Throughout-our international ndeo tics' control' pregrariKthe- Single
' e'leinent-most responsible, for preventing our maximum 'efficiericy and
output are bureaucratic obstacles. Our 'need for ,a quick response,'
Whether it be in providing vital 'equipment and supplies for our own
operations : orkthat of a joint';venture is . -vital to the =success of our
overall efforts. trutJg of'.1"11;;' 1)511:03t %/42
NE,E17,6414ifetrskiI511~1.?....EQUIPMENT SUPPLIffr.?M41.4 r,
C?1` TIP re%
....On Mexico:the ultiniate success of poppy crop eradication dirough
,Tthe nseof herbieldes,lias been greatly affected by our failure to provide
;the necessary ;equipment in a7 timely fashion The effectiveness of
Roritiblling narcotics .e'rORS,iie,Nell,;as the safety and , welfare of our
Personnel- is at Stake'. A 'recent 'undercover operation in Colombia
required the use of specialized equipment for the protection of the
agents involved. Because .of bureaucratic delays in procurement of
this equipment, the agents were forced to begin the operation without
the proper safeguards. The bureaucratic response to these requests
resulted in the dispatch of officials from Washington to perform a
feasibility study on the request. After the selection of agreed upon
materials, the requests then were required to be processed and pro-
cured through local AID officials. This again resulted in a lengthy
delay between time of request and response by appropriate official's
in Washington. Further delays were caused by the shipment of im-
proper equipment elements. The requested equipment was finally
delivered during our visit some 2 months after the, operation had
begun and only 20 days from the end of the program. It is important
to note that while our agencies were subjected to this precarious opera-
tion the cost of this much needed equipment was only $400. ?
It is quite apparent that the Drug Enforcement Agency has been
inhibited in some of its activities. There must be a fundamental change
in our program approach directly from the State Department. Clearly,
the Department of State has failed to provide overall guidance and
Initiative. More than once the efforts of our drugenforcement _per-
sonnel have been thwarted by AID and State Department efforts
Out of fear of offending their host country or "rocking the boat." ?
? . ?
rea .4u ?f.'r'. ' ' -? ? ; : . 2- 4
),? " 'CIVIL AIR PATROL
The effectiveness of our interdiction' programs in this country is
greatly hampered by the sheer size of our vast coastline and the ap-
proximately 2,000 miles of border shared with Mexico. The task of
providing adequate border-and =customs patrol for such a large area
__IS cost prohibitive. ,Unless we are able, to stop the free movement .of._ _
planes, ships 'and land vehicles across our common borders, we will
be unable to stop the flow of narcotics.. - ? ?
During World ,War II, the Civil Air Patrol was used as a coastal
patrol to protect our borders. While the present day threat is not
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? . . _
Declassified in Part- Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
,
1.t?;;7,4'k!:`4'
?
r
; ? .?
? --?-?;:t;.
y
;t?
v
:
?? ?"-? t
7?t'
:
v, ?
. -..
direct, it is jilst as deadlyrThe CAP, which now carries out 80 percent
Of all aircraft search and rescue operations in the United States today
at a saving to .the Air Force of millions of dollars each year is equipped
.and could be -used .m =a reconnaissance role in _this:war. The 50,000 .. ..
1
,members of the CAP and their privately owned planes could be the . -. ...:I , - ?
eyes and ears of the local enforcement personnel. By.merely reporting
to narcotics .authorities or .local. enforcement organizations the 'sight- ? ,. .
lug of clandestinsfbordencrosaings of aircraft Jailing to file flight ? ri
? ?? ...t*,..:
plans or ships that are suspicious; they could- assist in. theinterdictioit .
- of narcotics :,...Cfoltpe_nr:r.? :31,1zatilui,.,14-ir-;;;;-t Xi 4? .1.,qil ? ell;
..',..-i
'i. ? It.was..,pointsdlout ..to the State?.Department officials . in a' recent
meeting upon our Yitniiii-that -iinZe" all thii-planes iiiVaved7Were r, U.S.-Einbaa
'privately owned, governmental cost . would. be restricted to operating economic*:corn
, S' briei
expenses. :: 1 ' .7 "v..' ,?vr....... ,!%`??--:.'-v-;,, V. . WI:, i.0 j'? '.;-. ? :.! 1:'-e? .: .,?
v v* andpecial Mr. Bert :
it Here *AIM be another noose Sbotit.`the '&14. tiraffiCiters:.Since :few ..:-; Discussion 'la
'aircraft are available to DEA and ansteiiis this civilian foice'could be ,.. : ,i Also present v
'a great asset in apprehending the ' traffickers.' The CAP "Maintains a :and Special -Arelenatetati
, PrrieBvmVeele
one of the largest civilian radio networks in the Nation and this too _p
could provide intelligence communications. . i Reception
: We are in a war with the drug traffickers. Let us use every means ., officials of Go'
,? The Hon: P
it our command to Combat this threat to our citizens. '
The Hon..
- v . Relations : ..4. 1: i
) i ? .The Hon::.i
- Relations. .
-? The Hon. -1
Relations. ? ?
Dr. Guida 1
Dr. Alejand
i General.
Dr. Robert
Mr. Richar.
Abuse.
The Hon. L
The Hon. 14/.
The Hon. J(
, Mr. Francis.
? . . - 4., .....??. ...: . .,,...,-;.:7?............. too:4,r. ...... 2" h,?..,...,-,..!,,,:t-' 4 '..-; ".: 1 . Mr. Feman.
Conference ,
'J. 4 1.' :' -.. 1 ' f'......1 ....;FW .,--? 4! 41,00 ,o1-1. !, v?i'l ???-?;.;0; ?;:13!v.?:?...--sr le by Cabinet of
Robles, Attor
,t n. .1..ttr :. a .::. i Tr.*: ... ,44..h.-o,r(1 E...... Ile.rvi., et.lt ?,.t? -... .'..14,n1-1,--).,112f. vwt Navarro Dias
'N:-.-..0-i.t;',.:.??? ? ..-,....!?.?,,, .?;,;- tti; i'l tit! ti??? 4?Lev;',. *tr1. ? `er,i.:(4,.. f -i,;:', -. lc V. ivq. . ?E:i.1"" of Govenimei
.!?,. .
' T.,?Ths' ,7:-Avrat-.T..'!4';?:?". -T,IiiE '11..,!rt 1411!: -.1.d..4.z.vi..f.--4...,1* 1.7:-.-?.? vt-,....1-! %...':Erv?;? ? ?
- -. of Mexican 0
Sanehez Lopes
' '? --.:if.,-..; ?-',, ;?;?.:,'..-i, ?,' -;,: 'i-. ?, .. Of' li,,td ? 1.; 0:: !,5. ? ;10.at 1 ;;t? :11%6
,.
. ? _. ., ..? .. , . ? t / C011gre813131/1
1.31*P?tt%'-'!.70,1.7 It- ..'1," t tr...":?I.. ?,...1t.tiv,?.rve 1,-v.. r- ' '
? r. ..
? 'vv.' Tar ./ . forFDielrudginAsbpeu:
gasman Ale,
t..141',?'Itii". I. :111.:1..01it-7 4...4 It. ...: ' ... a:521'1110i .g .., prul....,I .' .... - . b. ! ? .... 1.1 ?."1- ... 7 .-?.
.;.:41;-LC,...t: I.. ..TI' 15,47 vi-tt _is741-.0. 1, 4:. e?: :16.,.Vr. . . .,41:7,0. 3fra,:itivzitf.: ",,...t47 . ,,i. ' ritrillt,;4;- :77,____4-* itm.:1.1::,.:: 514:17:1 ; 2,E7C4. . IL a:::: ' 7 :?:: 1641.1,: : r'L 1:-;'1. 1:-4 'f .:,?
- . -- ... . the town of A
Press Conf.
'------- 114 4I....61-14.::'-?......4.4.:1-..1:?-;....I.I.ft....14,i.a4r. ' '? - ..':-C-t_. ..- -... _. , , - ? ..- ? .
-... ?,-.- .reached on Jo:
members._
.? 4i4 4.1. tigtiEtAl.e ;Irtga roll4c:=1} atxtr4..tritr.iht:rtm:?,"...11: 1.4i-Tttl'.4.4--.-zE3r4tiircA , ? , ,tv...
E.: /II,14traWrIrtILfltp941?1411iiii*Ett-1411.1/7.24 .' -',,....-.i.
r-..4.,?t.tr.lvtabi al ....a.E.,--.11/ r) ..:11a:fry7i.ia.1,4: yk:v.'1:1;.it' 7. (-4:7::!. '17.11.''???..!iflq-.4."rt 7 -1 U.S. Emba
. ? - , .0, . '... r.vor- -.7.?c-1 re. A ivr :7- t .-tairizt>7:nriq F, 1... .0;11 t-,E?itv., (..1,4?-?,:itt .rii;:s:). ,.
- r- Lane and DE
Discussion ?
-------Avtr-4.---i?xv-P4r?mt?tv.....-.4.;:44vi...11it__UAT- f 0- _1-t -.'" .-L,,11.1:141.71.1.,"9f171?1.t_a_. . ...,,,:-L Meeting wit
. VIDL; 3,:ensi?... 7...4..b,1:11.32,-;:avvq+../il itlitti:// k.,4?72.-.0}ki.-F;. . -A.f!jr.,..7.0 .i.:, "I:. /.4'.1 ? 7:7 7 Facto Segreda
. - ,:o?
7.. ..... .... --....7..,............-
???? N . . ? ' . ' l
i?
7
? 4
.47,
? ?.? '
orir :t
I) ?
"
ftroltri.Wcro:r.rv,
arttiriher
bsis1ii?f?k?-?_..t..th?tr
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t: 42 41, f.; -,;,?y; er.r
4?:144.:*- 4.1 v.triftIti i,iititt:Ilittekj,:;
.g" 1."1.1.9711:.; t? n" c'
?? ? .7.77 ?E';
? ; .?!.f V.k ? ? . t. ,"' ?
' ? :?? ? 2 ? ? I.... ?
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?? r.v?-? tr; ;it% ' t - :h.c; ".'""r -.?
.0 1.
6." .1..1:./I.4,//1r I-1,?'?!'
itrr , ?- :; ? r4-??,v
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? - V. ''???-????? ? ? '
9-0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
?
Declassified in Part-Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
? .... .,-..-..-. ,......,...r7- .....7....-....-..-4.-
s out-80.perdent -1 elti li. .0,rid) tratont. .00 xmtc5shIA 4,,taiL,,r48,1liz q48..?4:01?...7% tin 1 'XITI9,11.
ed States -today ._
;IIN,,,,mi-,V: f ' P :in -A! .1C1 Oh '../41r 1:1?einill. rt.ttv rilir:vifi6raTt(11*"4.
year is equipped ' , .,421.,,f,t,t.,.-, ?.'?:,)!...,rmadts7/. ad: IL tra*,111" P:t2!"!"117.3'.7ftf.:14r, .ar, -..) .
var. The 50,000 ;......1. r.r. .1. :...1,_ . .. , : ? 1 -..i, -...'r /..- 'a rl :? . ..: ' ..4_ . ?:' r! I ?, ;., . Y?
Les could be the ....i .s fielfL, iew-Atir,...:1 l',,,vr 8. c
nerely reporting . ... . g e; ...qP. AIS.T./..?IX Aida%
Ltions .the Sight-
ig to. Ele flight ' ? txrei.T.P.',-pribm,.1.. Lim p11:- 11.7.7C0/7)7TRy .Plictimujeig urri177 .;; ??*-.ed7..-1.
' ' ? "st ' ;?????aq'64 i ;J;; ; ,:,.... .i.e.? r ...) :-e,...z.? . , i"... ? -i-t ''. i .
the interdicton
-?'"' tr.ar.,/ttainst.t...z:ta....i.... . Meileo.%-janilary .6-11;1976z.:21-ii!. t-..0i.:-.1.-.1...-.1?:."1
:
# .7. _,.$- -.1 .
" 1" '
;ids m-di'reent ... ......* .SDELEGATION? MEETINGS :AND 'DIBOUSSIONG:1- 41T4-,.031.1.
;,,,.... (111 , i 1 stn. - ,? : .4 . ?:' t..:
i ii3.17 olV ea !' were. - ,...,., ., 'V.8. Embasif hri. efineon United States-Mwde.an.:?relations with 'officials from
Led to ,Operating ., N 'economic, commercial, political and cultural sections,participating.- 1 .1T. ...% .
? -? ---- - ---, ? . _Special _briefing on narcotics matters. _Mr. Frank Alberti, .Mr._Edward.Beath ._
' * . .. , .
and Mi. Bert Moreno participating. ' ' , , : ? ,. .
Ckgre?'Smci few . 4'
Discussion with Mexican Attorney -General Licenciado Pedro Ojeda Paullada.
n force could be Also present were: Dr. Alejandro Gertz Manero, Head of eradication program
.
CAP maintains and Special Assistant to Attorney %General.. Ambassador Joseph JrJova and
ion and. this too representatives of DEA and Embassy ?narootios section.' .tt ;;;:, ? .?.-..w! 1:-tc4 -,:,
., -Private meeting with-President of Mexico Luis Eoheverrie, Alvires, ;Tikrt115'.'t
' Reception in honor of delegation by Ambassador Joseph J. Joys to meet with
use every means officials of Government of Mexico: :.,?.:-E-_-,.: .-.. ?. -. : ? . ' :- c," :`,
I. . . ;I, The Hon. Pedro Ojeda Paullada y Senora, Attorney General Of the Republic.
? - ? '?- ? ' The Hon. Fernando Castro y Castro y Senora, -Assistant Secretary, Foreign
,f Relations. .,.! ? '..-.. - ,. ? 1..:.. .`.?:. :. ..? . ? ;, ! - -.., i.,?: - - ?
-540 .1:' The Hon.-Don Manuel .Tello Macias y Senora, Assistant Secretary, Foreign
Relations. t.
( ,::: :. J .- ? The Hon.' Sergio' donzalez ? Galvez 3,- Senora, Assistant Secretary, -Foreign
. fi; ,,i,:.:-,-..!?, Relations.
.,,.., ,., ?
7, ?-, ??
?.? .? ..,, _ -., , Dr. Guida Belsasso y Senora,'Director, 'Mexican Center on Drug Abuse Studies.
- ?- ?
Dr. Alejandro Gertz Manero y Senora, Chief of Staff, Office of the Attorney
f'..* .: ? .
General. _ .. ?
... . , ; , Dr. Robert DuPont, Director, National Institute for Drug Abuse.
Mr. Richard Bucher, Assistant to the Director, National Institute for Drug
: ' Abuse. .
.:., , I' ??? The Hon. Luis Danton Rodriguez Jaime y Sra Member of the House. ?
The Hon. Mario Ruiz de Chavez y Sra, Member of the House.
:?: .? ? The Hon. Jose Humberto Mateos Gomez y Sra, Member of the House.
? ,?, ?.,?". 7 Mr. Francisco Cinta y Sra, Office of the President, National Council of Tourism.
? Mr. Fernando Gonzalez Parra y Sra, journalist Ovaciones. '
. .. :.. ? ? Conference convened by President of Mexico Luis Echeverria Alvarez attended
by Cabinet officials and other representatives: Foreign Minister Alfonso Garcia
? .E.,_:,:v.......17 -;:t. Robles, Attorney General Pedro ?Ojeda Paullada, Minister of Health Gines
).14_,nr..-.:,.:: -el, -_. 1 Navarro Diaz de Leon Minister of Education Victor Bravo Ahija Under Minister
I .of Government Garcia Rameriz, Chief of General Staff Brig. Gen: Alberto
- ..,?-.2 --4' - Sanchez Lopez, Ambassador to the U.S. Jose Juan de 011oquie, Director General
of Mexican Center for Drug Abuse, Education Guido Belsasso'? ?
I, ? ? "1...,43..e. --.. ic z.i : ' ! Congressman D. Mateos, Congressman Luis Danton Rodriguez Jaime, Con-
gressman Alexandra Gertz, Ambassador Joseph John Jova, National Institute
; ,7??? , : ; ? for Drug Abuse Director Robert DuPont.
? Field inspection of current eradication efforts by Mexican Government near
_ii,e'?rt.'-#N- f.(17) .. the town of Altomarino in the state of Guerro. ?
Press Conference held at Presidential Palace to announce the agreement
4,,,-...-:.---L:-. xt,tt, .z.: reached on joint working task forces by President Luis Echeverria Alvarez and
?.?!. 47.1-qm,1-, . ... . members.
...1-4*i Airo.lsi.-'., ....1 , -_ _ , Costa Rica?January 11-18, 1976
r'f,,? 4.!:-/-1-,,:i _,.,.... ? . :
U.S. Embassy briefing by Ambassador Terence A. -Tociman, DCM Lyle F
Lane and DEA representative Bruce Van Matre. . .
Discussion with Ministerof Public Security Mario Charpentier. .
Meeting with President Daniel Oduber Quiros and Foreign Minister Gonzalo
Fazio Segreda at the Presidential Palace.
_
. -?
'
b.1,14.1:7; yarit41.
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??? ? X.674 ,%.,4 `I.: .1,
-
'4?-? ??--- ?
!Nei -4??:-.4...144
:?z?4??
?
;.?
? '?ri
.1S?,
'"-???? i?-rt;
'
?
,
?
Meeting with President of Legislative Assembly.-Lic. Alfonso Carro, at the
Assembly.'. ? ' ' ?
Discussion with Minister of Health Dr. Herman Weinstock.
U.S. businessmen's meeting at the Ambassador's residence. - ? ?
Reception in honor of delegation by Ambassador and Mrs. Terence A. Todman
to meet with Embassy officials.
. ? . ?
- ? ? ?-? ? ?? - ? Panaina--January 18-14, 1976
.` U.S. Embassy briefing with Embassy 'officials'inclnding Ambassador William
? Jorden, Mr. Raymond Gonzales and SAIC, Mr: Marcelino Bedulla. ? ? ? ??
? Meeting. with ,President?-of. the ,Republic -of Panama, . His.Excellency. Demetrio
B. Lakas. ? ?
Meeting with Governor of 'the Canal Zone, Mr. Harold R. Parfitt, followed
by a tour of Miraflores locks. ," ? . ? ?
" Dinner in honor of delegation to meet with military retkiesentatives at residence
of Lt. Gen. Dennis P. McAuliffe...; 1' - ? - ? -
-
r Heliocopter:overfiight of canal zone accompanied by Lt. Gen. McAuliffe.
Tor-;:(7'0711-'13? Colombia?January 14-17, 1976 '7.1?
1 ?1131?I''''''11;Af'.111'
. : -'ti '-'.r.
U.S. Embassy briefing with '-imbassador Viron P. Vaky. Other participants
Included DCM Robert W..- Drexler, Leonard .G. Shurtleff, Embassy Narcotics
Coordinator, -Donald Johnson,, political counselor, Stephen Gibbon, economic
Counselor. Zr t::-:Lt ? ; 7 7'4.. Z.! .1, *(.7?''' h
Meeting with Foreign Minister Dr. Indalecio Lievano Aguirre. r ;
Private meeting with President of Colombia; Alfonso Lopez Michelson at
Presidential Palace in Bogota.-
Meeting with Narcotics Enforcement Representatives including DEA Regional
Director Louis Bachrach,- Octavio Gonzales, Mr. Hensgen ,(Bernard), USIS
and Leonard G. Shurtleff, Embassy narcotics coordinator.
? Dinner in honor of Delegation to meet with Colombian officials given by Ambas-
sador and Mrs. Viron P. Vaky. V.......
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JOINT STA1 ,
piLlttiaN I
The spiral:
of President
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President
task force ti
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We attact
verria in est
ordinate Intl
educational,
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e propc
States Ambi
lead to an a
present reco:
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. Alfonso Cerro, at the
? 4: ?
ence.
irs. Terence A. Todman ?
ng Ambassador William .
;elino Bedulla. . ? . ?
ifs Excellency DeMetrio
old R. Parfitt, followed
rose? ntativei a residence
t. Geri.'McAuliffe:
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aky. Other participants
leff, Embassy Narcotics
phen Gibbon, economic
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Aguirre.'
so Lopez. Michelson at
-
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lasgen .(Bernard), .USIS
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I
APPENDIX :2
.JOINT STATEMENT. OF HON. LESTER.L., WOLF HON. BENJAMIN S.
12;;.ftd.A.N., PRESIDENTIAL ,PALACE IN MEXICo ON 'JANTJAR'I"- 40, '1916
' The spiraling incidence of drug abuse in the United States and the deep concern
of President Gerald Ford and the U.S. Congress in finding a solution ;to. this
problem' has prompted our visit to your great nation.
'President -Ford, three- weeks ago, called a meeting Of a ? U.S.. congressional
' task force to pa into perspective Mexican-United States interest in attacking
this cancer which threatens the health and vitality of the youth of our two nations.
We attach great firgnificance to the creative proposal by President Luis Eche-
"Verria in establishing for the first time formal- organizations that will each co-
ordinate in their respective countries the entire spectrum of the narcotic regulatory,
educational, rehabilitative and informational agencies which are represented here
tonight. -? V - '
The proposal initiated by President Echeverria,_ and contributed t6 by United
States Ambassador Jova and Mexico's Attorney General Ojeda Paullada, would
lead to an agreed mechanism, including a Joint working group that would also
present recommendations to both organizations in order to bring about effective
action and coordination of all drug abuse related activities.
The success of our joint endeavors will be measured in results rather than
rhetoric, derived only from the elimination of illicit drug traffic between our
two nations and, ultimately, the eradication of drug abuse by our young people.
Seeking -to overcome the menace of narcotic traffic that confronts our two
nations, my colleague, Congressman Gilman, a -Member of the House of Repre-
sentatives International Relations Committee, and I, as chairman of the Inter-
national Narcotic Control Committee, have undertaken this vital mission of
exchanging ideas, views and information with various members of the Mexican
Government.
In our meetings with President Echeverria he has demonstrated his leadership
and active support and concern in finding a permanent solution to this dreadful
problem confronting both of our nations.
The meeting this evening Is a culmination of a 'series of conferences we have
engaged in at all levels of the Government of Mexico, many. of which are repre-
sented in -this room tonight. ?
Because of the urgency of the narcotics problem, the plans outlined here must
be implemented with all possible speed. This is a critical factor in the success of
this plan. V ? -. ? ? ? ?
My colleague, Mr. Gilman, and I will be taking back a personal message from
President Echeverria to President Ford and to the U.S. Congress. The personal
commitment of you, Mr. President, and all of us here tonight, that our plans
become a reality, we consider a prime mission. Mr. Gilman and I will meet with
President Ford upon our return to help implement our discussions here. ' ' .
Mr. President, we thank you for the cooperation extended to us by your officials
and agencies in making this a productive, momentous mission, with a special
word of thanks to the Secretary of Defense and the Attorney General whose
staffs have been most cooperative. - . ? ? ?-? " "'" " ' ?
We look to the future with confidence because with Our united efforts, . we
cannot fall ? ; ? `--f- - ? ? i??:'? ? - ? ' ? ?'
r'r' t ?../ .? ?.?-. ?
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is In the producing areas.
oorruption aspects of this
.):1 narcotics issues at the
ind cooperation from the
That is the ,expression we
his concern for this issue.
The time has come for ---t;-
7ograms which have been
3osta Rica,. Panama and
? _
iiplementing these recom.!
ighed against the cost in
out forth an effort worthy
..quality of our,eitizens
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AF'PE/9317C-:13
LETTER PRESIDENT FORD -FROM :PRESIDENT ECHEVERRIA ON
'y -"!? ' NARCOTICS COOPERATION
? 1:r-, A-1' 1:- ,441.1,ftlt,,4 ,
Following is English text of subject letter:
Mr. Paasnonsti:? Messrs: Lester L. Wolff in Benjamin. man ?distin-
guished Members of the House of Representatives of the United States of America,
accornpanied by His Excellency -Joseph John Jove, your country's Ambassador to
Mexico, paid me a visit 'last Wednesday, January 7, at which time we took up,
:among other 'Subjecte?Ahe !natter of the increase in"drug -abuse in the United
States and in the Illegal traffic in narcotics and psychotropic substances between
our two countries.- - ? ;,. ? ? ? . - ?
t. In vie*rof the importaiiee? and seriousness of the problem, I asked Messrs.
Wolff and Gilman to meet with me again, which we did last Saturday, January 13,
with the Attorney General of the Republic, the Secretaries of Fcreign Affairs,
Public Education, and Health and Welfare, as well as the Director of the Mexican
Center of Drug Addiction Studies, who has charge, of coordinating preventive,
Curative, and rehabilitation activities in that field.
t. As a result of those talks' it was possible to confirm the evident interaction' that
exists between supply and demand and the complexity of the problem and of its
iolution which takes in widely varying sociological aspects, involving educational
factors?including those relating to mass communications media?health factors,
and of course action directed toward the prosecution of crimes against health. ' ?
" It was recognized also that in recent years, with strict respect for the sovereignty
of each state, there has been effective cooperation between the two governments
which has made it possible to obtain excellent results in the struggle against the
drug traffic and the use and abuse of illicit drugs. Nonetheless, it is necessary to
increase our joint action in order to obtain still better results.
I put forward to the U.S. legislators the idea of creating twin national commis-
sions, one in each of our countries which would undertake a study of all aspects of
this question and propose solutions that would enable our two governments to
embark on new lines of action and expand the coordination of their efforts.
In my opinion each national commission might be composed of officials of the
executive 'branch responsible for the prosecution of crimes against health, the
elimination of the illicit use of narcotics and other dangerous drugs, and the cure
and rehabilitation of the victims of drug addiction. Members of the House of
Representatives and the Senate of the respective Congresses, as well as representa-
- tives of family heads and of the mass communications media would also be invited
to participate in the commissions. ? ? ? .
. . . . . . ? . -
Each national commission would study the ? problem and recommend actions
which would be discussed at meetings of the two commissions. The commissions
ihould establish machinery that would insure the efficacy and celerity of their
work, possibly through executive committees, the frequency .of their meetings
would be agreed upon according to their work req_uirements. ,
For my part, I am proceeding to establish the MexicanCommission pursuant to
the terms stated above in the understanding that my government will continue
to act intensively in the fight against the traffic in narcotics and other aspects of
this problem, maintaining, as it has done hitherto, the close coordination existing
between the competent agencies and organs of our two governments.
In view of the foregoing, I take _pleasure in proposing that you consider the
desirability of establishing a United States Commission for the purposes stated
above,- which would be ln 'contact with the Mexican Commission on a standing
basis. ?
Feeling certain, as I do, that this proposal an a matter of such extreme impor-
tance to mankind will Merit your sympathetic response.. I take this occasion to
renew to you the 'assurance of my highest consideration and personal esteem. ?
? ?
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Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
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'LETTER FROM :PRESIDENT kiERALD'FORD'TO PRESIDENT ECREVERRIA
? -? ? TilrlrfilTai.i.l.r2;-../ =E;?-?71%0?:.%.a.,...,!.. ? . .. ? ??*.
- (Translated 'prom Spanish by Library of Congress) V- L ?-?
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A
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^?Mr: PRESIDENT tireatly:aPpreciate"-Your letter. relating to Our efforts to face
,the tragic problenipf the use of drugs that affects litany citizens at our two nations.
iebeiye ',Yaur pleasure' 'and onsiderf.jit.la.Troposal, of . xnajor
- Importance:-
have.givbn. instructions*.ify working team to Conidder. urgently the moat
ffective way hi'Whicht,O,Cooperate closely With theehmmission'and the executive
Committee that you-are setting 45 in Mexico. Your idea of parallel and similar
organizations seems #..me appropriate,ttopq,,copploh desire ,to :increase the
effectiveness of Dur:eooperation. ? to w
s' 'As you suggest, the initiative should he con-sidered V develOpnient that can
support the measures that our governments are taking at the present time jointly
and separately." ???-'`" ? : " ? ' ? .; , ? ,
Our success in reducing in a short time'the' critical narcotice problem that we
are facing depends largely on the vigor with which we maintain the efforts that we
are deploying now: This new Initiative will strengthen our cooperation in the long
run. I am encouraged by the reports about the intense activity your government
Is deploying at present and I have 'confidence in its permanent progress. V
.,
For our part, I have formed a special group under the direction of the White
House 'for improving our own effectiveness in the fight' against the narcotics
traffic that enters the United States from Mexico and the contraband that moves
from the United States toward Mexico. These matters, it seems to me, must
be subject to the mutual interest of our governments, as well as must be revised,
permanently, in accord with the context of your initiative. , '
I am pleased with the fact that your initiative includes the aspects of prevention
and rehabilitation, as well as of execution of the, law relating to the narcotics
problem. The spirit of a federal program that couples the effort to control the
demand for drugs with -the effort to control the supply of drugs is the basis of our
program to reduce their consumption. ,. . . . . ? .
,You may be sure that for Dur part we shall also face all aspects relating to this
Problem. . , ?
, hope in the near future to rely on concrete proposals for 'action, which' will
have to be combined with the new effort you have initiated. At that time it will ?
be useful for my representatives to meet with yours in order to make sure that
both of us are'ativancing in the coordinated manner that your letter contemplates.
I take this opportunity to express to you my gratitude for the cordiality and good
will with which you and the members of your government received my representa-
tives,' Ambassador 'Jove, Ambassador Vance, and Attorney General Levi, at
their recent meeting with Attorney General Ojeda Paullada. , : -
I also hope that We can keep in contact to tighten the cooperation between
our two countries in relation to this problem. .
'?? Sincerely' '? ' - " , ?-? :-- ? ??"; ' ? .? ? ? ? ? ?
? .
.0
LD
ra:) t ,
14"):" 'Llej`; brir' e*I"? :11111 I 'President. of Ihe'dniierSntal of .JAmerica. .
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SPEECH OF
TROL IN TH1
AELATIONS,
? ? fr
Thank j;oit'an
'announcing .a n4
turned the corm _
has occurred to :i
14: lack of objectl
? I would like tc
on the importan
control program.
in perspective v
countries in Cen
major actors in
Drug Enforce=
the leaders of f(
mission which I
where I was ab
And finally, I wi
which can contri
Before I conth
the Murphy Com
of Foreign Polio
perspective--tha1
relations, yet els
the United State
of the speech; an,
"Most new pr,
1970's and .1980's
domestic progra)
require understai
Internal economi(
economic interde!
?? "The State De
to issues in areal
analysis.? -
Tonight is a ! -
because our polic
returned from L
agenda. Addition(
commitment to .t
commissioned a
the Southwest B
/This task force
open to change a)
answer period, J
Washington.
,,Our relations_ I
flw phase. .I feel
tion. In the past, -
of Central .and
and have focused
the powerful ecoi
with the rising ,
and South Americ
?
? :`,?.-??
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;Ing tc;:our efforts to:face
itizens of our
:06,Poesfl, of ,Major
bf.. 3 'co
nsider., urgently .the &oat
mission and the executive
ea" of Parallel 'and similar
m desire .to :increase : the
? r ? ?-?* ? ?f%it.:Th t '`"
a devefopment' that can
the present time jointly
arcotic problem that We
dntain the efforts that We
ir cooperation in the long
activity your government
nanent progress. _ ?
he direction of the White
;ht against the narcotics
ae contraband that moves
rs, it seems to me, .must
s well as must be revised,
s the aspects of prevention
relating to the narcotics
the effort to control the
A' drugs is the basis of our
all aspects relating to this
.
gals for action,, which- Will
iated. At that time it will ?
I order to make sure that
I your letter contemplates.
for the cordiality and good
nt received my represents-
ttorney General Levi, at
nada. . ,
. the cooperation between
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, .? r APPENDIX 8 ? ?
?
?Si'EiC11. WOLFF,- g CONGRESS -AND' 'IN ARGOTIC/3 UON:
? -TROL IN THE AMERICAS" BEFORE THE CENTER FOR INTER-AMERICAN
- RELATIONSi NEW Yoiac,?N.Y.; MARCH.15, 1976'. ???? ?
j.roaCk...t.r413?7,' ;
2 , Thank. you and good evening. 4 hope :I ?alii 'not going to disappoint youby not
announcing a new war on 'drugs and not 'informing you that we have finally
turned 'the corner in our efforts to curb drug abuse and drug related crime. It
has occurred to me that there has been a surplus of fiery rhetoric in the past and
- a?lack Of objective reflection, .14"'" "7 *".
/ ? I would like to take a step lniCk this eveninklind provide youriiith'my.:thinights
On, the importance of "formulating A-Constfuctive and' cOmprehensive narcotics
control program. M:6 importantly. / will -place 'the -issue of narcotics control
in &perspective with relation to the other concerns ,which 'we-share -with the
countries in Central and South'AmeriCa.?1 hope ` to .analyze the roles which the
major actors in this drama 'play : .the President, the ' State 'Department,' the
Drug Enforcement Administration, the Domestic Council, the Congress, and
the leaders of foreign 'nations. I will briefly describe the findings of the study
mission which I led in January to Mexico, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Panama,
Where I was able to have frank discussions with each of the 'chiefs of state.
And finally, I will direct this talk toward the goal of developing federal policies
which can contribute to a coherent and successful narcotics control program.
Before I continue, I would like to read a quotation from a draft appendix to
the Murphy Commission on the Organization of ?the Government tor the Conduct
of Foreign Policy. I think this quotation will help to place narcotics in the proper
perspective?that is, it is an issue 'which clearly has an impact upon our foreign
relations, yet also directly affects domestic programs and the quality -of life in
the United -States. I hope- you will keep the quotation in mind during the course
of the speech; and I quote : ? . ? -
"Most new problems confronting the U.S. foreign policy machinery. in the
1970's and 1980's will be like drugs in that they will deal with Issues related to
domestic programs. Implementation of U.S. foreign policy will increasingly
require understanding of the levers necessary to predict and potentially influence
Internal economic and social behavior of important allies and adversaries. Socio-
economic interdependence will continue to increase rapidly. e ?
.. "The State Department should take the lead in suggesting creative answers
to issues in areas which have traditionally been peripheral to national security
analysis.", .
-
...Tonight is a propitious time-to discuss narcotics control in ,the Americas
because our :policy. is in a.true.atate of flux...The.Secretary of State has recently
returned from -Latin America where narcotic control was prominently on his
agenda. Additionally, within the past two weeks the President has reaffirmed his
eommitment to the topic- of narcotics control. ,Furthermore, the President has
commissioned Al Task Force from the Domestic Council to examine problems on
the Southwest . Border: specifically illegal trafficking in aliens and narcotics.
This task force is planning to, report to the President next week. Our policy is
open to change and I hope that after the give and take during the question and
answer period, have. new, ,suggestions; to pass. -on,.when I return ,to
yyeaht!Igton. ??,? . ? , .?..
,,Our relations. With '"the 'other nations in 'the Americas are 'clearly entering if.
new phase. .1 feel this is appropriate as we are encountering a new world situa-
tion. In the-past, we have clearly ignored the needs and interests -Of the peoples
of Central .and South' 'America at ,hest,rwe. have taken the. _people for granted,
and have focused what little 'resources we provided on the political leaders and
the 'powerful economic cliques in the various countries. Now, we mutt' contend
with the rising, demands and nationalistic trends of the peoples of Central
and South 'America. Not only are we now faced with in an inter-dependent world,
. .
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but we are also aware of the movements toward self-determination which are
' taking place in almost every country in the world. On top of this, we aee the
explosive problem developing from the use of Cuban troops in Angola, Zaire,
Libya, and Syria. Premier Castro is appealing to minority populations around ?
the world and the success or failure of his efforts at triggering the festering
sores of oppression will have direct and immediate effects upon the national
interests of the United States in 'Latin--,,kmerica and elsewhere.
Contrary to the thinking of Chairman (Mao?diplomacy does not begin exclu-
? sively at the end de barrel of a .gun. The time for armed intervention In the
? affairs .of Central-and -;South America has long since passed. We have the agri-
cultural and:technological-and . other. resources which should , be the guiding
factors in our new policies. We ?mustleim /or policies -which clearly result in
mutual improvement of theliVes of the citizens in each of the American countries.
' Let?me however turn to the .specific subject of narcotics control as it may well
be the most 'important Issue our-131-,and multi-lateral Latino relations in the
? 'Corning decade. Alf*Onowrheroin'abusais-no*'-once again it the, highest level
of the last five years It Japliguing'onotUhly:`,Nevi York City, Detroit, and other
large urban' centers, but now is reaching into small tow?saTnd suburbs 'across the
Plaited States, as NyelL Unfortunately,Aoday almost all of the heroin which is
now abused in the United States, is product'of the opium fields Of, Western
'Mexico. Here we have a situation "*here the actioni of a campesino in Sinaloa
directly affect the life of .a person in New York, The internal affairs of Mexico
directly affecting the dOmestic-affairs of the United States. The only means avail?
able for correcting this problem. with respect to heroin Mamie is through our
foreign policy. ? ? ?, ? --- --? -??? ??? ? " We? now now have a new understanding of the -correlation between supply and
demand. First of all, not everyone who experiments with heroin becomes an
addict. 'More importantly, demand for. heroin, is not inelastic, as it was originally
believed. As drug enforcement efforts become more successful, the availability of
heroin is decreased, its price increases, and the number of addicts on the streets
decreases. The average heroin user has only a certain earning capacity: in addi-
tion, there is an evaluation of the risks involved in possessing and dealing in il-
legal substances. At a certain level, the user makes the decision either to seek alter-
nate substances like barbiturates or alcohol, a combination of both, or to begin a
treatment program. Evidence supporting these premises are derived from the
recent Turkish experience. We were able to see dramatic reductions in the num-
ber of users when the Turkish Government banned the growing of poppies, cut off
the flow of a major source of illicit opium, addict rehabilitation halved.
Enforcement is only one of our options, .and not always the most attractive
one. Furthermore, there are limits to the type of enforcement programs which
are acceptable. As a strong proponent of enforcement, I will not permit abuse of
the law as a law enforcement device. My observation is that domestically -we
must increase the public education programs which inform our citizens of the
end results and social cost of heroin abuse. At the same time we need to provide
a comprehensive treatment program for -those seeking rehabilitation. However;
I maintain that the most immediate effective means for reducing the number of
heroin users, and concretely cutting into the massive level of drug-related crime,
.is by eliminating the substances which are refined into narcotics at their source.
?
At the present time our most important target must be the opium fields in the
'Sierra Madre Mountains in Mexico. We must work with the Mexican government
to promote programs which -will 'destroy the illegal fields which exist, and to
encourage the farmers to substitute income producing pursuits. Narcotics enforce-
ment which is aimed at interdiction at the border or elsewhere will never remove
more than five to ten percent of the average supply. Therefore, eradication is our
most sensible option.' -?:? I ? - ? r ,?-, ? ;:- ? ?,,.?
For this reason on can see that our 'international narcotics Control 'assisted&
Is unique, it is different from all other aspects of our foreign assistance. It is,
In -reality, reverse assistance aid in narcotics ;programs is for the people Of the
, United States.' Narcotics control is' also unique in that it Cuts across-functional
divisions which' are useful for other aspects of our foreign?Policy. 'Our, programa
Must incitidethe input of experts in public ethication, Commerce,' psychology;
medicine.- la* enforcement; drug treatment, and diplomacy:" Furthermore, our
policies must deal with the issue on a regional basis rather than on a 'bilateral
? plane. The traffickers and financiers Involved in this nefarious trade 'do' not
respect political -borders; but oPerate'whererer-they -meet -the -least resistance.
Our policies must be innovative enough to respond to this challenge. Part of
_ this response must be formulated by the Congress.
;
'.Lately we hayi
itha legislative -be
a unified voice; hi
is attempting to I
government One
determination of
ration-of the _Intel
, most recent exan
and a Member o
? , Congratis are diffl
, We have all heal
,has no real bite. '
was supreme.-It
Congress could ?
?bite but they real
-and our,teethare
-The House. of
to wear ..out vont
.jI...needs ? and desire
short terms maui
'Narcotics control
Which citizen is
crime? Who has
drug abuse in ot
friend's hesitatio
even in daylight
Representatives
Congressional
gories : first, rats'
;the scope and pf
to combat the .pri
? tive programs. IS
? like to share. dm ,
!
level of drug ab
pledged to do wi
We have seen so:
,he sent Secretan !
On December
.to the White H
discussed the ne,
this Presidential
Rica, Colombia' e
communicated wi I
? I was pleased ti
. Congreesionali
, of those individt I
): , Spark interest er.
Department shys
the hostility thea
topic, we are abl
?.
confidence 'that 4
take legislative' :
,foreign leaders a
.1/ study missions It
; results in harsh
? land, it has mac
: In each case the l
the interim peric
I think it is MI
investigations; In
; the Congress and
Department -*as
? desired in this ra
The second vol
problem. Sometie
-What que-stiolfta
countries and en,
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:ermination which are
op of this, we see the
saps in Angola, Zaire,
ly populations around
lggering the festering
eta upon the national
where,
does not begin exclu-
nd intervention in the
;ed. We have the agri-
should :be ?the -guiding
vhich clearly result in ,
he American countries.
control as it may well
Latino relations in' the
am n at the highest level
Ility,.Detroit,,and other
.and,suburbs across the
of the ,heroin which is
plum fields of 'Western
a campesino In Sinaloa
.ernal affairs of Mexico
s. The only means avail-
I abuse is through our
on between suP9IF and
vith heroin becomes an
stic, as it was originally
ssful, the availability of
Df addicts on the streets
ming capacity: in addi-
easing and dealing in 11-
ision either to seek alter.
on of both, or to begin a
:s are derived from the
c reductions in the num-
rowing of poppies, cut off
iilitation halved.
mys the most attractive
cement programs which
will not permit abuse of
is -that domestically we
form our citizens of the
time we need to provide
rehabilitation: However,
reducing the number of
rel of drug-related crime,
narcotics at their source.
e the opium fields in the
the Mexican government
elds which exist, and -to
rsuits. Narcotics enforce.
!where will never remove
ref ore, eradication is our
rcoties eontrOl'assistanie
foreign assistance. It is,
s is for the people of the
it cuts across functional
Agit -policy Dur, programs _ .
n, commerce,' psychology;
omacy. Furthermore, our
-ether than on a bilateral
s nefarious trade do not
meet the least resistance.
froo this challenge. Part of _
? ? ?
? ??? ?
?
,
,
_
? _v.. -Lately we have all? seen signs that the-power pendulum IS 'swinging- tioWard
ithe legislative branch. The Congress has not always been able to speak with
fa unified voice, but there is clearly .8. pattern of increased activity. The Congress
is attempting to reassert its equality as one of the three branches of the federal ? ? ? ?
government. One of the most noticeable areas where this is occurring is in the .
;determination of our' foreign policy. Congressional examinations ? of the oper- ?
Ationof the _intelligence community and .of our policy in Angola are two of the
...,omost.recent examples. As a member of the International Relations Committee
and a Member of. Congress for 12Iners,-'1 can say that the --Members of the
-Congress are different today from those in the Congress when Pwas first elected.
?? ? 4.? ? We have, all-heard it said.-that the Congress is a body which barks loudly' but
..has no real bite. This may have been-true in the past when the seniority system
cwas supreme. It was not far from the truth when observers concluded that the
Congress could not make an impact upon foreign policy because they -Could
,bite but they really had false teeth. Well, Congressmen are n lot different-today
? land-ourAeeth are sharper, as many have-not been part of the system long enough
?go 'weer out our Incisors..,. 7 ?
? The ;House of RePreietitatives :was created as a -forum-for "Ilep-resetitinrthe-
? -needs-and -desires of..that ?amorphous group --referred to gas -"the people!' Our
short terms insure that we be responsive to our constituents to -remain in office.
;Narcotics control is a gut issue which is of interest to citizens in every district.
JWIlich citizen is unaffected-by ?the twenty -billion dollars of annual drug related
-Who has not known someone who is disturbed -over the escalation of
-drug abuse in our schools and our towns? Who among us has not heard of a
friend's hesitations to walk the streets because of the fear of being mugged
'even in daylight? These concerns are voiced to each member of the House of
Representatives when they get back to the hustings.
Congressional action on narcotics control falls into four functional cate-
.gories : first, raising the issue to the appropriate Individuals; second, investigating
. the scope and patterns of narcotics abuse; third, legislating appropriate laws
to combat the problem and fourth, monitoring the implementation of the correc-
'tive programs. I have actively participated in each of -these ventures and would
-like to share some of my impressions with you. ? . v-
?
?
On December 22, 1975, I was privileged- to lead a Congressional task force
'to the White House where we shared our concern over the increase in the
level of drug abuse with the President. At the conclusion of the meeting he
pledged to do whatever is necessary to constructively respond to this problem.
We have seen some outward signs that the President will carry out this pledge:
he sent Secretary Kissinger as his envoy to Latin America and he has personally
communicated with the heads of state in Mexico and Colombia. I supplemented
this Presidential pledge with a study mission of my own to Mexico, Costa
? Rica,' Colombia and Panama where I raised the issue of narcotics control and
. discussed the need for cooperative programs with each of the Chiefs of State.
? I was pleased to receive .positive commitments for positive action from each
, of those individuals.? ?
Congressional missions can be Important several reasons. First of all they
'spark interest among our own officials and foreign leaders. While the .State
--Department -shys -away 'from- active -narcotics enforcement programs because of
the hostility they may receive from foreign officials who are sensitive about the
topic, we are able to discuss these sensitive issues with the heads .of state with
confidence 'that Congress is committed to narcotics control and are willing to
:take legislative action to' support this position. As an aside, I must say that
foreign leaders are very Cognizant of the Congressional power of the purse. My
study missions in the past have served as lightning rods. Sometimes my presence
results in harsh newspaper headlines as in Turkey. In other countries, like Thai-
land, "it has reached the level of a contract being put .out on my life. However,
' 'in each case the level of cooperation has increased after my visits even if Only for
the interim period. ?' ' ? ?.': ? - " '
'I think it is highly Important for Congressmen not only ig.egagai hand
; Investigations, but also to personally inform foreign leaders of Interestsstate
-:-the-Congress and-the' people-,Te represent-That That mayoe the th
'Department was designed to fulfill, but 'unfortunately they leave,emuch to .be
desired in this region. ? to ? -AL' ?
t +
The second role of the Congress Is to investigate the 4nlititre inda.cotre'of the
problem. Sometlines Congress has to not only dig for answers, it must learn
-what question to ask. For me this means travelling to the producing and transit
countries and meeting with all of the individuals who can influence OUT pro-
_
-(
,
-
Z.76-
4,1
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_
142
warn. In the area of narcotics control I refuse to limit myself to the 'State De- ?
imartment, CIA, and DEA officials-For example,:duririg a recent visitto Thailand
vI met with--the military leaders of the Shan ?Tstate of Burma who control the
:distribution of 400 tons of opium gum each year. It is important that we hear
all sides of the issue, that is, conferring with insurgents and traffickers as well
.,as the official government spokesmen. Only then can appropriate policies be
,formulated. I might mention that my visit in South East Asia culminated in
proposal for the United States to purchase 400 tons of opium from a ton-
.
isortium of Shan,groups. The second -facet of the investigative responsibility is _
met by. formal congressional hearings. 'As Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee on
.International Narcotics Control and also as the Chairman of the House Inter-
. irrational -Relations Subcommittee on Future Foreign Policy', / have convened
.numerous bearings on our narcotics programs overseas and the control situations
Lin Various countries. ?- ? ? ,
- { Often the bearings result directly in the formulation of legislation, which is the
?Lth. ird role of the Congress in narcotics control. Last week the International Secu-
rity ASsistance bill passed the House and two of its provisions are related to
- :narcotics :control: The first-was one of my-amendments which would improve
--Congress' oversight, capability, eand i even more -importantly, 'would insure that
.narcotics control is a prominent item on our foreign policy agenda. This 'amend-
.ment requires that no assistance may be providedto any country where illegal
:traffic in opiates has been a -.significant problem 'until the President certifies in
*writing to the Congress that the country in question is .significantly'reduCing the
amount of opiates entering ,the market If ?the written. certification Cannot be
_made, this provision .in the Foreign Assistance Act ? require-that all assistance,
military and economic, will have to be terminated.-: z ? -
The second amendment concerns the treatment of U.S. citizens imprisoned in
Mexico and serves another type of function. It informs the President of 'congres-
sional concern over this matter and insures that corrective steps are taken. Sec-
tion 412 of the Bill states: "The Congress, while sharing the concern of the
President over the urgent need for international cooperation to restrict traffic in
!dangerous drugs, is concerned that such efforts Must be consistent with respect
for fundamental human rights. The Congress, therefore, calls upon the President
-to take steps to insure that United States efforts to secure stringent international
-law enforcement measures are combined with efforts to secure fair and humane
treatment for citizens of all countries."
... The President, through the Secretary of State, ie required to report every 120
days on the progress toward obtaining full respect for the human and legal rights
of all U.S. citizens detained in Mexico. Congress certainly does not condone the
involvement of U.S. citizens who engage in narcotics trafficking. However, this
legislation is meant to require that the State Department implement a balanced
approach toward narcotics enforcement. They must complement their enforce-
ment incentives with actions which prevent the extortion, beatings, torture, forced
confessions and other barbaric practices, which have been practiced in Mexico.
Both of these legislative measures will complement the desire of Congress to
monitor the implementation of our narcotics control program. For too long the
.Congress has been willing to appropriate funds and then assume that our task is
completed. WelaVebeen victimized by the programming, carryover and impound-
ment of funds so that the ability of the Congress to control policy through the
appropriations process has been severely, undermined. Oversight is a critical
responsibility of the Congress. 'I.feel that it would be appropriate for the Con-
gress to approve line item appropriations .for narcotics control so that we are
more aware of the use of funds which taxpayers provide. .' , .? ? ;
? The State Department and the President have accused the Congress of med-
dling in the administration of foreign policy. I have found that the greatest
obstacle .toward the implementation of enunciated opolicies is not the Congress
but the foreign policy bureaucracy. I might advise the State Department of the
admonition to Heal Thyself. -. . ? . { ? ? ? r ;
r??
? My conclusion, 'from five years of InVolvement_in,sarcotics. control, is that
'the. major obstacle in the formulation and enactment of a Coherent and effective
narcotics 'Control -policy is the action- lir,- more properly, -the :inaction of -the
State Department and AID. The governing principle of the State .Department
is to maintain friendly relations with foreign governments.:Theref ore, topics
which could produce a hostile foreign reaction are avoided whenever possible.
For example, in 1978 the President encouraged our State .Department to elicit
- r-;.! . 4i .4...47 Iri.11. ae. {. Z`....14 !',
_ -
4.4
-increased
Conn try..41
saw that
lion. The
situation
all other
? The ,Sti
of-their -b
_our.zdome -
affairs. T.
the cititer
often lett
of fthe
e.,The vott
meddling
policy.,Tt
eider the.
_internal.s _
ance of1-)3
victiniised
The pp
narcotics ?
Cabinet (
responsibi
program.
Office fou
respect tc
enunciate
know the:
Another.. r
ant Seer(
narcotics
previousl;
operation
my receni
1975, D.
labelled 4.
the move
division !
feasibilitj
.In June
,the Sumn
found, col
type whic:
costing on
from the
this exam
_
taken out
equipmen
State. De
Administi
. For, too
foreign -pc
Impact up
policyis .3
nations.,11
Cop:12311mb
about the
The appel
the -negot
President!
present rti
Domestic
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4
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ent visit to Thailand
ma who control the
ortant that we hear
d traffickers "
rropriate policies be
Asia culminated in
-opium from- a con-
Ave responsibility is
Hoc Committee on
of the House Inter-
I'?have convened ? ?
he control situations
islation,- which is the
e International Seen-
talons are related to
rhich would improve
r, 'would insure that
agenda. This amend-
!ountry where illegal
President certifies in
lficant13 reducing the
rtification cannot be
e that all assistance,
. ?
itizens imprisoned in
President of 'congres-
steps are taken. Sec-
g the concern of the
n to restrict traffic in
Insistent with respect
Is upon the President
tringent international
mre fair and humane
KI to report every 120
uman and legal rights
does not condone the
icking. However, this
implement a balanced
dement their enforce-
atings, torture, forced
practiced in Mexico.
desire of Congress to
ram. For too long the
3sume that our task is
xryover and impound-
-01 policy through the
,versight is a critical
n?opriate for the Con-
ontrol so that we are
. ,
the Congress of med-
und that the greatest
,s is not the Congress
tte Department of the
cotics control, is that
coherent and effective
',--the inaction of the
the State Department
sits. 'Therefore, topics
led whenever possible.
a. Department to elicit
?, ' ?
?
4.3
increased rcooperation-from- the -Mexicali -GOvernmene-in narcotics -C?ontrel. "The.'
?Country .Director Was In the process of negotiating a salinity 'convention and
saw that pressing for -a narcotics agreement might interfere with the .conven
ton.' The result was no :narcotics control Activity during that year. A similar
situation is elirrentir taking place. In Panama where the; Canal is superseding
all other concerns. ?
The' State Department officials abroad often times take on the point of view ?
of their host countries and tend to side with their concerns, rather than with
our domestic needs.- Foreign policy becomes more important than domestic'
affairs. The plight , of -the local farmer loomg more important to -them than ?
the citizens in New York who are held hostage by the addict-population. I have
often felt .that congressional visite are necessary, to .counter. their 'presentation_
otthe.interest of the VAL ? .. ? ? ? ,
The other .operating guideline of the State Department..is .the avoidance of
meddling in the internal affairs of another -country. .1 .ani. sympathetic .to this
policy. The problem Arises over the-definition of internal affairs. I'do not 'con"
alder the -illegal growing of opium .for export anywhere in the world :to .be an
Internal Affair. Unfortunately, the only time that we are able to engage-the assist-
ance, ;of host governments .in -eradicating- those .poppy ;fields-is -when:they-are-
victimized by a domestic abuseproblem.: nos rcaIrir.41-tit--,t1 6-'13
The problem with the State Department is not restricted to-its approach to
narcotics -control but includes .their structure and :performance. In :1971, the ?
Cabinet Committee on International .Narcotics .Control was ?created -with the
responsibility for developing and coordinating our world-wide narcotics control'
program. This response has been an abysmal failure. The -General Accounting
Office found that after the .C.C.I.N.C. ,selected the 00 ,critical countries with
respect to narcotics control, the policy . of our government was never clearly
enunciated and passed on. One year. later,, several -of the Ambassadors did not
know their country was on the list and very few had taken affirmative action.
Another problem is the Executive Director of the cabinet committee, an Assist-
ant Secretary in the State Department has overseen the disposition of the
narcotics control budget since 1978. The purpose of this move from A.I.D., which
previously controlled -the narcotics budget, was to streamline the procurement
operation so that equipment would reach the field .more rapidly. Well, during.
my recent trip I found that .we have taken a giant step backward.' In January
1975, D.E.A. put in a request for communications equipment . for a. project
labelled "Operation 'Kitchen" in Colombia. The equipment was for monitoring
the movement of known traffickers. Well, the State Department narcotics
division retains several A.I.D. consultants and they were -called in to do a
feasibility study. . ,?
In June, the operation began and the study was still underway: At the end of
the Summer the decision was made to reject the request. Yes, the consultants
found, communication equipment was needed but they suggested an alternate
type which was supposed to perform the same function. In January, Other devices,
costing only $400 a piece, were flown in on the plane that I arrived on one month
from the termination of the ongoing operation. I have since been informed that
this example allowed the State Department narcotics adviser to get a handle on
the problem and It will not occur in the future. .I feel that this budget should be
taken out 'Ofthe hands of AID. completely, whereas they currently handle all
equipment procurement.; I also think the budget should be taken from the
State Department and given to the Administrator_ of the Drug Enforcement
Administration. .. ? . ? ? ? , ;;, ? ' ? ?.' ??? ? ?
-
For too long, .narcotics control has been given a low .,priority ? status on our
foreign policy agenda by the State Department. No other issue has as -direct an
impact upon domestic conditions and it should be treated accordingly. Our foreign
policy is meant to primarily benefit the United States, not the interests of other
nations. Earlier in this speech ,I read a quotation from an appendix -to the Murphy%
Commission. The entire analysis of that appendix complements my observations
about the problems with the State Department's handling of narcotics control..
The appendix observes that the State Department is not likely to respond crea-
tively or rapidly to new foreign policy initiatives. The only major success was
the negotiation of the ban on T?takish poppy growing and that was a result of
'Presidential instruction ?.viAich was enforced by Domestic Council activity. At the
present-time the major initiatives with Latin America .are .being handled by a
Domestic Council task force. It Is time the State Departmentwas removed,from
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- .
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, 2 '
the leaderahii,bf the 0.0.I.N.C. and also from coordinating our operations abroad.l
border. carried if
Narcotics control :would , be better -coordinated -by rthe Drug Enforcement cotics will never
operation..interci
Adri2iniatration.-- g ?
? With this discussion as background, I would like to discuss the findings of my' border delays az
recent study mission to Mexico. I will discuss the nature of the problem, ? the centage of interd
major obstacles which we face in narcotics enforcement, and, finally, the program I ? Second, the Me
which can respond ta.the current conditions. You must forgive my lack of sophis-
to meet the prob
tication in the fields of sociology and anthropology and please understand-that-- --
Federal police,,a
the over-simplidation of the structure of Mexico-is not-intended. However, I feel ? crimes, notjust
'
thit it is necessary todificusa the social structure to place the trafficking syndrome thousand troops
in the proter perspective. !,?91i.1---f ft;t:17---t1 N" ? /' 1". "" ? poppy headt his
-
? 41._ Rather .than referring -tif Mexico as ga homogenous unit, it is more useful to' tion .of herbieide
think of the country as a group of - isolated units with separate cultures. ?The ? loss in the overal
,
different:states function more:as independent entities than as states as- we use .Third there Ii
the term- in the United States.-There: is clearly a lack of social integration' in ? producing -areas.
Mexico which Is exacerbated by the geography of the country. Merits no moderni . Federal troops
transportation system . to -make interaction "??betvieen?the varlouCregion a` easy.- past-with Amenl
Furthermore;- the various states are made up of people who represent different! Guns have repla
cultures. In short, the commitment-of the citizens is more directly to their respec-% traffickers have ;
tire families, Villages, and states, rather than to the central governnient.q. ??? ? - than the officers
The -opium farmers live in smallltowns and plant their illegal crops WI -the the insurgencies.
:
publicland in the Sierra Madre Mountains; however, they plant their food crops-
:Fourth,-the In
near their homes on private land. The central government and the laws against There is also Er
opium cultivation are viewed almost as irrelevant. Very rarely is a- farmer -Am-. towns. Thus, eve
prisoned for the cultivation of poppies, even though it is illegal. As I have main- there is some ref
-
tamed, -most of the opiumis planted in the western states which contain the village level.
rugged Sierra Madres. These mountains help to physically isolate the people from Fifth, -the wid
the policies of the central government in Mexico City. The federal tax revenue many parts of I
goes mostly to the officials in Mexico City. These officials have only loose ties with
and expect to be
the- governors of the western states. These governors have small budgets and- with immunity.
hence have weak ties with the peasants in the :small towns. The result is a lack
Sixth, in rex
.1 of effective policy implementation from' thePresident to the farmer. panies have beer
An even more major -problem is the low pay which state and local officials travel using di]
receive. This encourages the system of corruption which flourishes. It is easy more difficult. .11
?
.for a major trafficker to buy the protection of the local enforcement personnel. and air compani
Local pollee have to purchase their jobs and this means 'they begin each week States.
with a deficit. They make this up by extorting payments of protection or services.
?? Seventh, there
and also from a 40% bounty which they receive for seized contraband. Narcotics
In Mexico, or bet
Is not categorized as contraband and thus there is little incentive for the local -Eighth, high
Another complication is the outlook-of the Indians, a minority population who ria Was sincere
policeman to interfere unless he is going to resell the merchandise himself., ' lag protection fr
have long been ignored by the central government. These people have their own ? wherever it Was
culture and subsist on an annual income of roughly $250 per year. Suddenly they in Sonora was d
are provided with the chance to earn Toughly $2,000 for a kilo of opium and the more, an indicti
choice is obvious. ? ? officials-in Mexi
'-What then is the bottoin line on the'production of opium? Estimates vary' some very high
from $1-2 billion dollars in Mexican 'wholesale prices on the amount of 'heroin -- Ninth, there 4
which was exported from Mexico last year. This total far outdistances the coin- anti-corruption
bined value of the four leading legal exports from -Mexico: -sugar, shrimp, coffee, ? program. The I
and cotton. It amounts to % of total exports, more than the total derived from Mexican Peden
tourism: Although 'no income is provided the central- government from export has the manpo,
duties, there has been no noticeable decline in the wealth of government officials. cooperation 'bet
Many of the production areas are basically lawless and the federal authoritiesivision of theft
are afraid to -conduct eradication programs. As many as 1,000 clandestine air- /1-' Tenth, there
power of the trafficking groups. I have painted a 'rather dismal picture of opium:
and out, and yet the federal farces cannot knock them out because of the military
the' producing
and warns the r
going. No'opera
trips in the mountains are known to be exclusively for flying contraband in
cultivation in Mexico and the statistics bear (this .out. In 1972, 88% of the seized out. ''ur ?
heroin in the-U.S. came from Mexico: Recent statistics point to 90% of the heroin: . Blevelith7ltai
coming from MexicO./..;3., 47- ' - . , - - troubles: the. ME
Let me review ? the"major obstacles -to controlling the growth Of opium 'in I ? them and 'ai'w
Mexico and thin I will turn to our prospects for cold-rat ? .; 1 Juana traflickin
First, the two thousand mile border which we share with Mexico' is impossible- ! What are th?
to adequately patrol. We know that roughly two hundred planes a day fly pastI cation and enf
!our radar net unnoticed. Contraband of every possible nature moves across our with little effe
f
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our operat1onsabroid.1
e ?;Drug Enforcement
use the findings of
e of the problem, the
d, finally, the prografir
rive my lack of sophis- ? - -
lease understand that:
nded. However, I feel.
ie trafficking syndrome
?-."7 ???
is' More traeful.te
reparatekcultures.' The ?
Ln as states as we use
f social integration' In
ry. There is no modernq
Various -regions eat": ? -
rho represent different
lirectly to their respec-'7 '
ral government. ?
ir illegal 'crops on the
r plant their food crops
t and the laws against '
rarely is w farmer im-
Ilegal. As I have main;
rtes which Contain the
isolate the people from
he federal tax revenue
ave only loose ties with
ave small budgets and
ns. The result is a lack
e farmer.
rtate and local officials
II flourishes. It is easy
enforcement personnel.
I they begin each week
)f protection or services
I contraband. Narcotics
incentive for the local
rchandise himself.
Iinority population who
?. people have their own
per year. Suddenly they ?
a kilo -of, opium and the
opium? 'Estimates vary;
n the amount of heroin
Lr outdistances the cols-
o :?sugar, shrimp, coffee,1
the total derived from
overnment from export
of government officials.
the federal authorities
is 1,000 clandestine air-
or flying -contraband in
I because of the military.
dismal picture of opium
L 1972, 88% of the seized
Ant to '90% of the heroin ?
he growth of opium ',hi'
?, ? ?
rith Mexico' is impossible t
ed planes a day fly past'
nature moves across our
.?1
45 - ? -
bo. rder. carried by Caro-boat,- man and _animal alike. -Sealing the 'border.ii.
collo will never be very successful. -We have tried massive customs searches?
operation ;intercept?and found that the only noticeable result was ,massive
border ? delays'-and Mexican'liostility. The only means' for' ue .to..reduee the per. ' ? '
?? centage of interdiction will be through crop eradication. ? ' :??
z?Second, the Mexicans have in the past failed to commit the resources' necessary
f.o.meet -the problem up to-recently, the Attorney General had only 500 Mexican
. Federal _police at his .disposal. They are responsible for. combatting .all.serious _
crimes,., not . just narcotics trafficking. The Army which .used to devote several
? thousand-troops to the mental eradication effort using sticks to knock off the
poppy heads has held back on their deployment this year because of the introduc- -
tion -of herbicides. -The --Army's role cannot be Aropped...without Some noticeable
loss in the overall program..? ? 4t?. (-yr ?
w.Third, there -is a lack -of- anil administrative Controlin.many,-Of the
producing -areas. Guerrero -and Sinaloa for example, have- -large areas where
Federal troops -will -not venture.. The ;trlafficking syndicates have _traded in the
_past _with _American organizations for Anilitary supplies In-:return for :narcotics. . _
Guns have -replaced gold as-coin of the realm for narcotics. The result is that the
traffickers have greater .quantities and more modern -forms of. military hardware
than the officers 'who are trying to enforce the laws. It also provides weapons for
the'insurgencies.' 7,11.1..T i%Sti ?
r;Fourth, the lack of Federal control over practices -in the individual States.'
There is also a-real lack of control by the Governors over the affairs in the small
towns. Thus, even when the President in Mexico City makes a policy statement,
there is some reason to believe that there will be a lack of implementation at the
village level. - :*: e, -
Fifth, the widespread corruption or system of 'fimordidan- which is endemic to
many parts of Latin America. -As long as enforcement officials are poorly paid
and expect to be paid for protection, the traffickers will be able to operate almost
with immunity. ? !04). . ? ?. .
In recent yeare we have found that -legitimate export and travel com-
panies have been involved in the trafficking of narcotics. Prominent businessmen
travel using diplomatic passports and -this makes customs ? interception -much
more difficult. -Even more complex, are the problems which are caused by ship ?
and air companies-which use their facilities to transport narcotics to the United
States.'- . ? , c- ?
Seventh,there is no sharing of narcotics intelligence between the-various states
in Mexico, or between the various countries in Central America.-- _
Eighth, high ranking police and judicial officials have been involved in provid-
ing protection for known traffickers. I was pleased to see that President Echever-
ria 'was sincere in his pledge to search out corruption in the Mexican :system
wherever it was found to exist. Inst one month ago an entire three judge panel
in Sonora was dismissed for accepting 0600,000 from a trafficking group. Further- .
more, an indictment is expected in the next two weeks of one of the major police
officials-in Mexico.' Unfortunately,-we found that the trail of corruption leads to
some very high places in Mexico City, where it will be harder to eradicate.
--,?Ninth, there -is no overall investigative body In-Mexico which can conduct an? -
anti-corruption -probe, -nor is there .a group to supervise the narcotics control
program. The effort ? is split between the Attorney General who controls the
Mexican 'Federal police and the eradication program, and also :the Army which
has the manpower and equipment to implement the campaign. There is little
cooperation between the Military; and Attorney General and there is rit'Vegue
division of their responsibilities: *?3 ? t- ' ? P. J"-? ' ? -.U. ' l'?
Tenth, there is a lack of narcotics' -conimunication -equipmeat: 1n nakhy of
the producing areas the public ? radio announces the daily eradication schedule,
and-warns the traffickers of the direction the 'herbicide spraying 'helicopters are
'going. No- operations can be planned and executed without the traffickers finding
---------------------.--Pi ? ? ?i nkV:".' (
Eleventh,- obi' new" Mew Of marihuana.- as a less harm" ful Substance -greatlf
troubles the. Mexican leaders:-Marihuana abuse is a major domestic --problem for - -
them and -as we move toward decriminalization; the ,joint efforts to curb 'Marti
Juana trafficking will be questioned. ? '4-.!???- ' ".?? 1';
? What ire the prospects for narcotici-Control?Iii- Mexico?"Aire
cation and enforcement efforts have been conducted for 80 years in 'Mexico
with little effect on the size of the crop. I felt that it was important to meet
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy ApproVed fot: Release 2013/08/06 : CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
- ?
?
? 3" r .4t, ? ? ? ? -- ?
, , ??, ,
????????k- ?4?4- ???
- .
46
aslie-itrtiteinif3; Individual who can motivate the bureaucracy.
? ' ? to take; 'action, resolve be split :between the Attorney; General and the Army
ancfmost Important of all,'`take Some steps to -counter corruption in the Govern;
ment. I was pleased with President Echeverria's pledges to take corrective steps
'in each of these areas.. The -most-promising program from our point of view, is
,_3the' use of gramaxone; a widely used agricultural 'herbicide, on known poppy
fields: r The- 'Mexicans"; are- 'Awing `a-primitive 'form ???of -serial infrared mapping
-.system to lobate the-poppy fields and the aerial survey is also useful as a means
verification. It is-suspected ?that '20% 'a the fields make up .70% of the
? ?lervest so the infrared, photography an be used to locate the large 'fields and
? the '18 helicopters we 'provided can -go in end 'spray thern: Last week I was
informed that 9,000"lields'haveteen destroyed. I ...encouraged that theeradi;
'cation campaign will now be a year long effort which responds to 'the fact that
'many farmers plant two or threasuccessive Crops on the name field. -We estimate
that 'there are 20,000?fielda so -we can see some progress is being made by the
lelicePtet-Opraying-operation Unfortunately;
!..''Before speaking Oflhe'IOther 'narcotics' tontrol program which -complements
The eradication effort,I would like to_briefly 'discuss my observations of narcotics
'trafficking in ?Costat Rica, 'Panama,- and Oolombia.1==:, J. -
-*:,Costa Rica-is currently used itaalransit,country for narcotics being smuggled
:?
into 'the U.S. This country has no military forces and the coastline is accessible
.to the smugglers who bring In ,their cargo by boat or in light planes which
land on' the hard-packed beaches. More importantly; -Costa Mica is 'used as a
refuge by known 'traffickers. % In ?addition .there are ? several probes underway.
The name of Robert ?Vesco has surfaced a number of times. I will investigate
'this possibility. ? ? ?
Colombia is the 'major' base for the trafficking in cocaine. It has also become
the Latin American 'Center for :trafficking in-counterfeit money and counterfeit
passports. Only prosecution of major conspiracies will make a dent in the trade
which is conducted thru Colombia.
- Panama. has a double involvement in narcotics. trafficking. First of all, there
are several hundred clandestine landing strips which are used as waystations
for narcotics on the route north to -Mexico and the ELS. Secondly, the canal
Is used for illicit sea cargo coming from all parts of the world, 'Much of the
narcotics which reaches the .U.S. is concealed in ships and the search capability
at the canal is inadequate to deal with the magnitude of the problem. ?
? Other South American nations like Peru and Chile produce -coca which is
the base for cocaine. Argentina and Brazil are major import centers for nar-
cotics produced in other parts of the world. I have met with the Ambassadors
from many of the critical South American countries in an attempt to elicit
their early support for control programs. If the eradication is successful in
Mexico, the traffickers will try to move their operation to other areas. The
officials in the target countries must be prepared before a foothold is secured. ,
Other than the use of herbicides, the -most constructive option for narcotics
? control ts the formation of a joint working force in Mexico and the U.S.... A
permanent action-oriented -working -group -coordinating . the .activities of .two
parallel commissions. The commissions -would coordinate the narcotics regula-
tory, educational, rehabilitative and informational agencies. In these commis-
sions we would focus all of ?our bilateral programs. The idea was proposed by
President Echeverria in.A.meeting with. Congressman Ben Gilman and myself
on January 7,-18743.,,,,f( -,prs ?? ? es, ? ? ?? qr ? ' ? ?r
By the time we met With' the Mexican President on January 10, we discovered
that a strange thing bad happened to his proposal. It seems a funny thing hap-
pened to the translation. The foreign minister of Mexico informed one that the
President really:said '"a commission not 'commissions." Well, when -the Pres-
? ident introduced the translator he said she was the best in the entire country
- ? _ and I certainly agree. Nevertheless, on Saturday.pening, the President rejoined
! our discussion and moderated for a full 8 hours until 1:00 a.m. The result was
his endorsement of parallel tommissions-with-a-loint executive committee,
4-1 am happy to inform', you that I was able to receive a translation toaair:iit
President Ford's secret letter to President Echeverria expressing our President's
view of the proposal. President Ford states :' ,.",-;' .,????? . ..;
"I receive your, initiative with pleasure and consider it a prOposal 'of ,major
n , - ? '
t
it
"I have given in
effective way in ver
tive committee tht
similar ofganizati6
the effectiveness of
Later in his Jetts
group under the dit
- .in the fight against _
contraband that m
.me, must be subje(
.be revised, perinea.-
, The Success of
structive example
'trol in the Anieria
*to reach 'an agree'
'and Colombia- on1
- _with the coordinat
years,- ? -,L.?'?
" I nOW lOok to the
? Thank you: ? ? '4
? 1
? ? '.
. ? , ? ,
1.
. I", ? tr7-1--
.
11:?-? ."?
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?!? C.1
? :II
r.e -
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
the 'bureaucracy*
ii 'and the Army
!n-in the Oovern;?
torreetive steps'
lpoint of view, is
on known poppy
iafrared mapping
iseful as a means
up 70% bf the
!!. large 'fields 'and
'AO week-. I.mas
K1 that theeradi:. ?
to ?the fact that /
leld.l'ire estimate
!!ing 'made by the '
filch %complements
tio-ns of narcotics r
NI being smuggled
tline-is accessible
ght planes which
kica is used as a
probes underway.
will investigate
has also become
y and counterfeit
'dent in the trade
tr ? t: * ?
Pirst of -all, there
RI as ? waystations
condly, .the canal
)rid. Much of the
I search capability
;le problem.
t.e.?coca ? which is
I centers for nar-
the Ambassadors
attempt to elicit
is successful in
lother areas. The
;hold is secured. ?
tion for narcotics
nd the U.S. . A
activities ,of two
narcotics regula-
In these Commis--
was proposed by
llman and myself
,????-r?
110, we discovered
funny thing hap-
ormed me that the
4, when the Pres-
the entire country
President rejoined
M. The result was
le committee.
knslation todalot
Ln our -President's
? ,:?1.4. ,??? ?-?C.
,proposar.Of ,major .
"...**6!
!)14,904 totwevrc
?
',14!?,.;.. ?
-
'
.47
"1 have given-instructions to my working team to consiaer urgently the most
.effective way in which to cooperate closely, with the commission and the execu-
:tive committee that you are setting ,up in Mexico. Your idea of parallel and
similar organizations seems to me appropriate to our common desire to increase
the effectiveness of our cooperation.". ' \
Later in his letter President Ford says: "For our part, I have formed a special
group under the direction of the White House for improving our own effectiveness
in the fight against the narcotics traffic that enters the U.S. from Mexico and the
contraband that moves from.the.U.S. toward Mexico. These matters, it seems to
-me, must be subject to the mutual interest of our _governments, as :well as must
be revised, permknently, in accord with the context of your initiative."
The success of this program initiated by 2 Congressmen' stands as a 'con- ?
structive'eiample of congressional input into the formulation of narcotics con-
trol in the Americas. On the strength 'of other meetings in Mexico we were able
'to reach an agreement Iii,principle with the 'Presidents of Costa Rica', 'Panama
and Colombia on similar commission ideas. These commissions will provide 'its
-with the coordination and monitoring capacity 'which has been needed for many
-,?)::; La' V; ?jrto.F17.4. ?;,f,-?? I Yr _ rt. ?
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-
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APPENDIX 10
STATEMENT OF liciN.13ENJ-AMI-i4 A. LiriLMAN BEEVRE THE SUBCOMMITTEE
ON POLITICAL?AND MILPARY AFFAIRS OF THE HpusE INTERNATIONAL
'RELATIONS COMMITTEE, .3.A.NUABY ? 27, 1976 ?rwv r.. '.111??. r
?-??-? ? ? , U.S. CITIZENSIMPNISONED TN MEIT?ICO'?-?"--1,;:???..F.?:;-.1...i.;:i. ;
?
.1 would like to take this opportunity to thank you Mr. Chairman and the other
Members -of this subcommittee on Political and Military Affairs for conducting
these important hearings-and affording me the opportunity..to testify before you
today:: :?-?n4: ?41: t, ' ? - .1
14.As -iii-97y.,-)MOW-.Coiigresiman Leiter War and Ireently returned froma
study mission on international narcotics trafficking that took to Mexico,- to
Central and South America. While the thrust of our "mission was to assess the
joint efforts of our two nations in the eradication and interdiction of illicit narcotics
traffic, we also took-the .opportunity to express the deep concern of the Congress
and the Ameridan people in trying to resolve the many problems arising from the
imprisonment of American-citizens in Mexican jails. ? ?? ? ? ?
In the numerous conferences with Mexican officials, I expressed the fear ?that
any abuse of civil rights might lead to a cleavage in our joint efforts of seeking to
prevent the use and abuse of narcotics in the United States and Mexico. We
discussed this issue at great length with the Mexican Attorney General, with
high-ranking members of the Mexican armed forces and with members of the
Mexican Congress. As a result of these meetings, I was invited to take a first-
hand lciok .at one of the Mexican Federal prisons where Americans were being
held. At the invitation of Mexican Senator Humberto Mateos, I had the oppor-
tunity to visit Lecumberri.prison, where Mrs. ,Mateos is engaged in volunteer
work with the inmates.
?,
Lecumberri Prison, located in the outskirts of Mexico City, is the oldest such
institution still in use in the Federal District. With the exception of the addition
of one-cell block, the basic-structure of the facility has remained unchanged since
its construction in 1900. At the present time, the all-male facility is used to house
inmates either awaiting sentencing or whose cases are on appeal. The period of
time between trial and sentencing is at a minimum eight months and sometimes
as much as two years. At the time of my visit in December of 1975,-there were 68
Americans being held in Lecumberri with the majority charged with narcotic
trafficking. , ? ! ? . .? . ? ?
.., By our standards, the methods of operation in the Mexican prison were both
startling and appalling. The operation of Lecumberri is administered under the
"Faena" system, typical of many Latin American countries. With only the basics
for a crude existence being provided by the government, all additional necessities
-for a mentally and physically healthy -life must be -purchised. Protection from-.
harassment, adequate clothing, a clean cell and even a decent meal rested entirely
upon the ability of the inmates to purchase those items from the administrators,
guards or other inmates. For those who could afford it, there were even television,
stereos and inmate servants. ? ?, '' ''' ?????.??
To the 68 Americans, this means their family and friends must support them
throughout their entire prison term at great expense and inconvenience. Initially,
a substantial protection fee is extracted from each prisoner and the prisoner then
"buys his cell" similar to a condominium arrangement. On the average, a prisoner
must spend about $50 a week to survive in Lecumberri. Unfortunately, this
costly system has spread far beyond the basic wants and needs of food, clothing
and shelter. There were itories of payments to send a letter, to see the adminis-
Arators and even to visit the doctor. It is obvious that the one part of this system,
-leading to earned good-time for work performed, .is the.center of Corruption. For_
every two days working on a job, one day of your sentence is subtracted. This
important aspect of this prison system has lead to the wholesale selling of prison
jobs..through payment averaging about $1,500 a piece., ,?
(51)
4?? sr,
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Throughout my visit to Lecumberri, I was accompanied by Peter Wood, a
consular officer of the U?S. Embassy in Mexico City assigned to assisting impris-
oned U.S. citizens: Mr. Wood' Was a welcome sight to many, of 'the American pris-
oners, particularly since he was bringing money from their families for their sub-
sistence. Mr. Wood is one of only two U.S. Officials who proCess all arrests of
Americans in Mexico City Federal District each month and who routinely visit
the prison to handle all of the U.S. inmate,problems. His visit on that occasion was____
extremely welcome since he had not been there for nearly a month and many ?
of the prisoners were in dire need of money and assistance. With an' average of
over 200 Americans jning arrested in Mexico City Federal' District each month,.
?
Mr. Mood and his :assistant are confronted witha losing battle in trying to--keep ?
If up with their escalating work load, in trying to keep =Accurate account ef the
number and location of American prisoners and in trying to Provide the adequate
Service they are entitled to as American citizens.'
Most of the complaints expreseed to me by the American inmates dealt with .
their problems .in understanding. and ;receiving their ? rights under the Mexiean
legal. system. .Their frustration dealt .not ? only,with the simple -corruption
? exists behind the prison walls, :but .extended to' of -lack of and ;inadequate
counsel, of exorbitant legal fees, of inability to communicate their arrest to US.
.authorities,- of torture before and after their convictions and being forced to .sign
confessio'ns written in;Spairish and not translated into.English. r.
Other major problenis for .US. prisOnere' arising under the Mexican legal' aye-
tem, includethe arrest and pre-conviction stages of the proceedings'. These -stages
include problems of notification and access, interrogation, and incarceration. ..
With?regard to notification and access, many prisoners complained that 'the
American Embassy was not notified and Was not allowed access to them for many
:weeks subsequent to their arrest. In my discussions with our embassy officials I
learned that of 35 cases in the 'period from October '1975 to December 1975 only
on two occasions was the embassy notified by the Mexican government of the ar-
test of an American. I expressed personal concern about this issue in my talks with
-Attorney General Pedro Ojeda and received his 'assurance that he would investi-
gate the situation and would take appropriate steps to provide a remedy.. ? '
? It is during the interrogation period, that many prisoners complained of re-
ceiving severe beatings, electric shocks and "cold.water treatment".-Since there
is no need for confessions in most narcotic possession 'cases, this type of coercion
was entirely unnecessary and unwarranted. ,i; ; ? -
' The final phase that a prisoner is subjected to is the actual incarceration.
Many of the earlier problems reoccur here. In addition to the' general problems
of prison life, which I previously discussed, the prisoner is faced with threats of
physical violence by guards and inmates alike in order to maintain control over
. the system. Each cell block has an inmate "mayor",-who works with the prison
administration to .control-all activities and thereby share the 'benefit "Of such a
system. In cell block "0" where most of the Americans were housed, the "mayor"
'was a convicted.murderer. ? ??-? ? . ? n :
Clearly, the overall situation 'in the Mexican penal system is appalling.' t is
even sadder to note that in 'most -cases the Mexicans treat their. own citliens
equally-as bad 'and often with more severity, since-they are 'assumed-to-under-
stand the consequences of their acts. Prison is not nice place for anybody in
'any country. An observer might even say that with enough money life in Lecum-
berri is better than in some American jails. But one thing is very clear, every
prisoner:I talked to was not prepared for the fate that they are now facing.,. .!
While we -certainly are: not empowered to modify the Mexican legal system
even if we desired to do 'so, we can, however, bring pressure to .bear to signify
the importance that we attach to this problem. We should increase 'our efforts
in this" country to educate our youth about the horrors of foreign prisons before -
they commit a crime.: We 'should also' insist that the 'State Department increase
the size of their staff to adequatelythandle the case loads and. accurately.f ollow
through on every single`case. We Should bring* pressure to bear on the Mexican
government to insist on the fair and lawful treatment of all American-prisoners.
arn-' sendini "allettei"rto "Secretary ;of-State --Kistiriger -expressing these.-Lvery
thoughts: a; ft..:;4..c.. hut: r?? t ? .ne; Li ?
Chairman; thank 'ybou 'for 'focusing' attentionnon this problem .and ..for
helding these hearings. It is t through a 'public. forum, such as .this that we 'can
help bring about some needed reforms for important civil rights.:.;
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mied by Peter Wood, a
igned to assisting impris-
my of the American pris-
eir families for their sub:.
rho process all arrests of
and who routinely visit
visit on that occasion was
;arly u month and many
slice. With an average of
eral- District each month,
g battle in trying to-keep
accurate account of the
g to provide the adequate
erican inmates dealt with
ights under the Mexican
ie simple corruption that
lack of and .inadequate
nicate their arrest to U.S.
s and being forced 'to sign
English. r ? ??? -
ler the Mexican legal sy'a-
proceedings. These stages
1, and incarceration.
niers .complained that the
;r1 access to them for many
ith our embassy officials I
75 to December 1975 only
ican government of the ar-
; this issue in my talks with
ince that he would investi-
rovide a remedy.. ;
risoners complained of re-
er treatment". Since there
cases, this type of coercion
s the actual incarceration.
on to the general problems
[ler is faced with threats of
sr to maintain control over
who works with the prison
share the benefit of such a
s were housed, the "mayor"
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a system is appalling. It is
ms treat their own citizens
tliey?are assumed to under-
nice. place for anybody in _
nough money life in Lecuni-
e thing is very clear, every
it they are now facing.
r the Mexican legal system
? pressure to bear to signify
should increase our efforts
ors of foreign prisons before
-State Department increase
loads and accurately follow
.ure to bear on the Mexican
it of all American prisoners.
Anger expressing these very
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11 :it; 7 .? . (.. ?
1, .4.4: .1?.,r? (1? ? ? APPENDIX 1 ?1.
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'STIVrEVENT -1161;r:IteS+Erti;:? Hith4.-RENIAivrik
A:" OILMAN' FRESEkTED- AT THE MEXICAN-UNITE IS STATES INTER-
? PARLLpiENTARY CON,VERENCE; FEBRUARY 26, .1.976,r,,!,
ele :%,. fr, h;. ;,i';. 13i7.5i .
We welcome the opportunity to'participate.in this important bonferente *ith'
our 'neighboring Mexican-Colleagues..One;of the 'mist tritieal issues' confronting
the bilateral relationsbetween our great nations is the significant illegal-traffic
Of narcotics crossing our border.wTv-w 14..n; flPII'j7iL' 4.; t% ...-.?..,10f.;t7 ?.L .Ir;
. Despite -considerable efforts .in' the ;last 'fe ears urtailhis "flow"-;4i
narcotics,' 'recent -estimates -reveal that 'o'Ver-,90%.of ? alt'beroin -Seizures in the
,United States had -their sources in 'Meirico.?Beyond the 'obvious 'considerations of
-drug addiction and abiuse, the Increase in narcotics trafficking _has .other Serious
effectsOn the "societies of both our ciaticinS. For the citizens 'of Mexico, 'this means
that nearlYra billion dollars a year is placed in the hands Of organized'criMe. For
the citizens of the United States,' fhis translates into over $20 billion 'a. `year in
,
the costs of -drug related crime. Neither of our nations exploited by,this dirty,
vicious business adds one single dime to its OvAi treasury.
Twenty-six Years of enforcement efforts that began along our Common border
have finally reached a stage where an effective bilateral program can be imple=
mented. The basis for real action lies in the recognition by both of our countries.
. ? '?
of the enormity of this problem. While past seizures and arrests on the streets ,
and highways and at all ports of entry have had in themselves little effect on the
growing narcotics traffic, events of 'the last few months have pointed -to the
beginning of improved efforts at curbing this-traffic. !. ? '? ".
that confronts our two nations. Assured by 'President Ford of his total 'commit-
The Congress of the United States' recognizes the increasingnarcoties problem
ment, Congressman -Gilman'and I undertook a vital Mission early last Month of
exchanging ideas, views and information with the representatives of our American
neighbors most affected 'by narcotics activities. The major sources of this vast
illegal narcotics traffic has been traced to Latin America and Mexico. With this
in mind, we traveled to many of those countries most affected by the narcotics
traffic and held a series of conferences at the highest level's including in-depth
discussions with President, Luis -Echeverria' Alvarez of Mexico', _President Daniel
Oduber of Costa Rica; President Demetrio Lakaa 'of Panama, and President
Alfonso Lopez of Colombia. " "''" ' 1. - ? ? ?
It was gratifying to receive from each nation we visited the personal commit-
ment to join with us in a cooperative effort to bring about a halt to illegal narcotics
activities. These efforts represent .a monumental step forward in finding a per-
manent solution to this deadly problem.
Our study mission to Mexico confined the enormity of this problem which Is
compounded by the existence of hundreds of clandestine airstrips, the lack of
effective customs control along our common border and favorable climate and
soil conditions which permit the growing of 'two and sometimes three poppy
. crops per year in distant, often inaccessible mountainous areas. Our study mission
, recognized the unmistakable relationship between the traffic in heroin and those
. who traffic in marihuana. We recognize that current efforts to deemphasize the
importance of marihuana abuse in the United States is detrimental to the effective
elimination of this dangerous trade. Both marihuana and heroin traffickers use
the same clandestine routes employing the same underworld organizations and
benefiting the same criminal elements. . ? ,
_.. In recognition .of these obstacles, we held a _marathon session on January 10
,with President Luis Echeverria Alvarez to put into perspective U.S.-Mexican
-interests In coordinating an -all out attack on this menace which threatens to
destroy. the youth of both our nations. At this meeting, President Echeverria
. initiated a creative proposal for the establishment of formal organizations that
will coordinate in their respective countries the entire spectrum of the narcotic
regulatory, rehabilitative, and informational agencies. The proposal will lead to
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54
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the7ereatiOn Of azi actiOn-Oriented,' joint working grOup that will present recom-
mendations to both the Mexican and U.S. organizations in order to bring about
? . . ? , ? .
' President Echeverria's proposals have been hailed as a most significant forward
step in bringing about a coordinated program aimed at reselling a permanent
solution to this menacing problem: - -? -
- --Hopefully, the implementation of this Agreement will bring an end to mere
rhetoric and will launch a concrete actionoriented plan. The effectuation'of thi
critical, _joint working group must be brought about without any delay. The ulti-
mate success of .ciur combined' endeavor hes in the coordination of the .yarious,
plans4Of our two governments: President Echeverria'sletter?outlining his proposal ?
was met with immediate and positive ,response by President Ford. On our, part,
we have initiated a series of meetings that will lead to the implementation of this -
proposal. ? , .t. ? t,? -,? ??,?
Much evidence has recently surfaced that illustrates the sincerity of our Mexican
colleagues who have pledged their total commitment in permanently,solving this
problem. In November 1975 through the efforts Of Mexican Attorney'General,
Pedro Ojeda Paullada?the Mexican Government announced , the decision?to _use
herbicides in the destruction of nave:Ale -fields. This decision could well be the
most important enforcement tool placed in the hands of thousands of .army and
judicial personnel attacking this problem In the mountainous terrain of Mexico.
The successful program of joint prosecution is another significant milestone in
the dedication of the enforcement and judicial branches of the Mexican, Govern-
ment. We have been informed that the Mexican Supreme Court has recently
disciplined three judges on Charges of taking some $600,000 in bribes from a
northern Mexican heroin smuggling gang andtheir dismissal follows an investiga-
tion by the office of the Mexican Attorney General. The dismissal of these officials
is positive 'proof that a campaign against corrupt officials has been launched in
Mexico. . ? . .
The Mexican and United States Commitment to a total and permanent elimi-
nation Of this problem is genuine. Our two governments must now join hands in
putting our thoughts and words into deeds?in bringing forth a real attack on those
criminal elements that persist in producing, distributing and selling heroin and
marijuana. As legislators we have an Obligation to foster the public's will, but also
to enhance and provide public safety. To achieve these goals, we must all work
together, using our combined resources and efforts to win not only-the battles,
but the entire war. ?
The success of our joint endeavors must be measured by results rather than
rhetoric. Such action will result in the elimination of illicit drug traffic and ulti-
mately the eradication of drug abuse in our two nations.
We want to extend our sincere appreciation to the President and people of
Mexico for the proposed innovative initiatives which will benefit both our nations.
Though we recognize this is primarily our problem, it illustrates what good friends
working together can do to solve mutual problems.
effective action and coordination of all drug abilse activities. -
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ME-XlaN, VNIT)
PRESENTED ..AT
CONFERENcE ?
si.i
'171i.Ori
ing, farming and ha
the following ,result "
_
'Y& tPtANrjTj
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, On the intensive
plantations -were de
? 'That means an i
preceding total..
II. At the presen
that take part in th
the former year.
-HI:. The Campai
fundamentally thrc
, railroad and bus E
laboratories in our I
? IV. There are ap:
the Federal Judicis
work done, during 1
prevention that the
and the activities o:
Welfare, the State
Service. ? ?
V. The critical zo:
10 areas which are
? 1. State of Oaxac,
2. Guerrero.
3. Michoacan ani
4. Jalisco and Na
5. Durango. .
6. Sinaloa.
7. Chihuahua fine
-8. Baja California
? 9. Mexico City ar-
10. Nuevo Leon a
VI. In a lapse of 1
plantations in the
Michoacan.
By depending on
farming in the zone
tion and transport ?
that at present are f
, Taking into coni
priority, places of 5,
tions that point out
seen that starting m-
a the Republic.- TI -
orderly and systems
destruction-before a '
The statistical an .
term, the temporali
harvest, achieving ?i
ities in the Camp*
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hat resent recom-
in order to bring about
ies.
most significant forward
reaehing ti permanent ?
bring an end to mere
The effectuation of this
Lout any delay. The ulti-
rdination of the variciud
er 'outlining his proposal
dent Ford.? On our, part,
&implementation of this ?
? sincerity of our Mexican
permanently solving this
xican Attorney General,
.nced the decision to use
:cision could well be the -
f thousands Of army and
Linous terrain of Mexico.
r significant milestone in
of the Mexican Govern-
reme Court has recently
500,000 in bribes from a
issal follows an investiga-
dismissal of these officials
'els has been launched in
otai and permanent elimi-
s must now join hands in
orth a real attack on those
ig and selling heroin and
? the public's will, but also
3 goals, we must all .work
win not only the battles,
ed by results rather than
licit drug traffic and ulti-
L
President and people of
Li benefit both our nations.
ustrates what good friends
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APPENDIX 12
- .1- . . .
ALEXI yv
CAN _HrrE ?APER ON THE UADIPAIGN _AGAINST DRUG TRAFFIC
PRESENT-ED AT. THE MEXICO-IJNETEIY STATES INTERP-iilifIADiENTARY
'CONFERENCE ,
?? . s? - ?
:1; On FebrUary 15,1976 the Intensive phase of the 'Campaign against' the sow-'
lag, farming and harvest of narcotics, that was begun November 20 1975 'showed
the following result: ' ' '.?.'? " ' . '
", t ? ?r . ? ? r ? x
.'PLANTATIONS 'OP POPPY AND MARIHUANA DESTROYED:' 11 047 '
On the intensive ph-ase-CorrespOnding-to the `Bathe tempOralitY,-aTofircif '3,361
plantations were destroyed last year. :2 -
That means an increase in the destruction very superior to 300% above the
preceding total. ' -
II. At the present time there are 230 'elements on land, and 130 on 'air Services
that take part in the Campaign, which represents a 75% increment with regard to
the :former year.
The Campaign also includes an aspect' of interception that is carried out
fundamentally through retention? points on the roads, surveillance of airports,
railroad and bus stations, and urban and suburban investigations about drug
laboratories in our country.
IV. There are approximately 2,200 elements of the Mexican Army that assist
the Federal Judicial Police on the destruction of plantations. Combined to the
work done during the Campaign we have the studies about investigation and
prevention that the Mexican Center of Studies about Drug Addiction develops
and the tictivities of support that are performed by the Ministry of Health and
Welfare, the State and Municipal Governments and the staff of the Custom
Service. ? . .
? -V. The critical zone of farming and traffic in the country has been divided into
10 areas which are as follows:
1. State of Oaxaca.
2. Guerrero.
. 3. Michoacan and Colima.'
4. Jalisco and Nayarit.
5. Durango.
6. Sinaloa.
7. Chihuahua and Sonora.
8. Baja California.
9. Mexico City and Valley of Mexico.
10. Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas.
VI. In a lapse of time of two and a half months we have eradicated the poppy
plantations in the States of Oaxaca, Guerrero, Colima, Nayarit, Jalisco and
Michoacan.
By depending on all the strength of destruction to eradicate the sowing and
farming in the zone of Sinaloa, Chihuahua and Durango, the services for fumiga-
tion and transport will allow that at the beginning of March all the plantations
that at present are found growing on the said zone shall be destroyed.
Taking into consideration the conditions of altitude, which include, with
priority, places of 5,000 to 9,000 feet, the marginal zones and the climatic condi-
tions that point out the optimum temperatures for the said crops Ws been fore-
seen that starting next March new sowings will be started again in several States
of the Republic. These forecasts will allow the mobilization of our forces in an
orderly and systematic fashion to reach those zones of plantation and achieve their
destruction before any possible harvest. - _ .
The statistical analysis which has been begun will let us know, in a very short
term, the temporalities, specific locations and systems of sowing, farming and
harvest, achieving with this information the previous programming of the activ-
ities in the Campaign and, consequently, optimum results.
(55)
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VII. Mexico faces with active seriousness the problem of the sowing, farming,- -
and harvest of natural narcotics, concretely poppy and marihuana, that con-
stitute a source of raw materials that concurring with other sources evolves
'toward the great market.. We don't consider that prodyction is the determinant
factor in the economic mechanisms that Tule supply and demand; as 'Partial . .
responsibility in the world problem, we have imposed on ourselves the total
destruction of plantations of narcotics in our territory in the following three
months.'
this task, we have eradicated the crops of poppy inthe States of Oaxaca, _
?Guerrerd, Colima, Nayarit; Jalisco and Michoacan; and by the Month of March
:we will have .abated the totality of crops in Sinaloa, Chihuahua and Durango.
We are also consciotiS that the destruction Of these crops does?not, mean' the
overcoming of the problem, this Will have been Solved when the growers are ? ?
'coriyinced by our permanent action, that they will not be Able to achieve a single
4cirpp ol,n11:rOtic drugs):.,.. .7;? 74.
?
"The'pdrinanefit action programmed with the Increase of human and material
'resources and the utilization of modern, technology in the agricultural field;
-allows us to assert that-the 'destruction mechanism.wili function in accord with
the constant cycles of Sdwing Of narcotics during the Whole-year, with the ininie?
?resultathat we hav,e,a,c,hieved up to now., ?.,.?, ?.7. . .
VIII. 'In agreement with the bilateral treaties to fight the traffic of narcotics,
:the Embassy, of. the United States.. in, Mexico relies on staff furnished by the
Drug Enforcement Administration that, on service on the said Embassy, acts as:
an informative link regarding the several -international operations against drugs.
It is our opinion that 'these crimcs are generated in the United States and they,
' are finished there, with an intermediate process feasible to be developed in
'7?Mexico or in any other ,Latin' American country. That is the reason 'why, we
need the Current,of information that the American Embassy can provide us.by.
means of staff specialized in the subject. At the same time, we feed. back that
information in the cases that, because of technical reasons of,juridical type. or
because of material impossibility,, we ,cannot proceed against the criminals in
our country.
'The staff that we have previously mentioned does not act in any way on police
functions, because this is against our legislation and we cannot admit it at all.:
IX. We 'are conscious of our responsibility to exterminate the crops of narcotic'.
drugs, Which will generate the lack of the Mexican product in the great market-
' of drugs in the United Statcs, but we also know that there must be some actions
' done in the market of consumption to abate the demand. The drug consuming
countries recr gnize it that way, because the unlawfulness does not lie in the
plant, but in the person who produces them has the need ,for its product and
requires its contumption. ?
Our Csmpaign programmation and the initial results indicate that Mexico
will finish the production of these drugs in the national territory. 0,
; .
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REPORT SUBMIT'
??:..aut,0131.
? (35,,
1,:4T1.16'?11;:reoccupation'
understand -this :phefic
ment of various theori
greatimpact, thatite?
that we have to face
for the understanding
and groups ? -;?%. ?
Receiving expressio3
who began his term 'no
at the end of his preiii
necessary measures 'Co
out until now by natio
; A national strategy
guidelines, embracing t
and drug abuse: the el
problem, the modifica
Support to the institut
of political decisioiuna:
In the task of coml
the Offer of products n
uals on one hand, and
Thus, in order to co
the Republic improve'
nating them between
Forces,. in order to act
control, administratior
Mexican society. The r
already the recognition
A combat strategy E
for an integrated effor
vention, treatment an
between the institution:
of Drug Addiction-
pendencia) was'establis
--We can -say-brieflyrt
activities carried out
lowering the growingi
young. ; ?
Thus, the Office of ?1
illegal traffic of,narcotic
the Department of He
of medicines with halt:
social welfare used tog
tion and activities inT
and social rehabilitatio:
the institutions of high
research 'concerning di
cultural aspects; the in
?
'Translated thelAtii?
T..
-?!....11???,?? ? vivrrzw.4i
1. ? ?
_
?Pt- -r,-. ,31
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2013/08/06: CIA-RDP98-01394R000200110002-4
the sowing, farming, _
marihuana, that con-
>ther sources evolves
on is the determinant
I demand; as partial
ri ourselves the total
a the following three
the States of Oaxaca,
i the tnontbef March
tahua and ,Durango.'
ps does .not mean the
when the 'growers are ?
0:ile,to.aehieye a single
,..? ?bflii? ? ??:Mt??
huinan 'and material
the' agricultural field;
inetion in *cord with
le year ;:with the same
the' traffic of narcotics;
staff furnished by the
: said Embassy, acts
ierations -against drugs.
iThited States and .they
to be developed in
is the reason-'why: we
assy -can provide us by
ime, we feed back that
mis of juridical type-or
gainst the criminals in
ict in any way on police
cannot admit it at all.
ate the crops of narcotic'
uct in the great market'
re must be some actions
.d. The drug consuming
less does not lie in the
eed.for its product and
- ?
s indicate that Mexico
territory.
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zir`"Z-. ? :.
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ftu r....i.
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