CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND LEVELS OF REALITY

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SOME 1'1,in--
gturn Psychology has always strived or respectability as a
PART I - ESP AS A COMPONENT IN
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND LEVELS OF RE1:
GICAL DISORDERS e. For this reason it adopted the parameters of Classic Phys
to attain the same precision and objectivity. However,
. d not keep pace with the evolution of Physics and Parapsycho
KISKOS, Julika. and SAMUEL Andre. and without questioning more deeply its basic assumptions, it
Clinical Psychologists ned within the theoretical model proposed by Classic Physics.
Sociedade de Pesquisas Psicobiofisica
Sao Paulo 4ems to us that questioning reality has much to do with Clinical
Sao Paulo, S.P? Brazil
41logy because, as psychotherapists, we deal with human beings
heir subjective reality - and this often means that we have to
the so called altered states of consciousness. The main aspect
is question is that the expression of the ASC may be adapted
t, as we shall see further on.
m clinical pratice and also in our parapsychological research
ye noticed that in many cases which could be considered as boL
pathology, there is an ESP factor mingled with the symptoms
Abstract; Clinical Psychology has not taken into, account evigaviour of the patient. As examples we cite cases of some of
provided by other areas of research that point to the existatients that could be included in this category.
other levels of reality. Therefore, that which is not percei et
through physical senses is often considered as being of a pa BE - we had a patient who complained, amongst other things,
cal nature. The authors have observed that in some psychologis sometimes felt as if she were floating the eling.Oce,
disorders sometimes there is an ESP factor mingled with the pthat position, she saw her body sitting on the easy chair in
he cin
symptoms, and which are only taken into account as a proof of of a
"insanity". Reports made by some patients' and trained sensit reported rthoaft Isileire.m=hntprf
about their perceptions are similar. The difference between ILorpejr-ealwit12:dsremM7t visit
lies in the fact that the former experience their perceptions dy reaching the wall opposite to her bed and that, from there,
chaotic manner and are overwhelmed by them, while the latter ould see her own body lying on the bed. It is more than natural
between ESP and common perceptions, e p
x eriences of this nature trigger a psychological reaction
learned to discriminate
taming their psychical integrity ug the patient to doubt her sanity.
ychokinetic phenomena - We have a patient who hears noises and
When in 1882 the Society for Psychical Research of London st
making scientific studies of paranormal phenomena, the model ives movements in the house: crashes in the kitchen, doors that
reality conceived was dictated by Newtonian Physics - and in and close, objects changing place, etc. From the traditional
r
model there was no place for phenomena which conflicted with of view we would say that she is hallucinating. However, due
Today we know that Classic Physics became limited because i knowledge and experience with the phenomenon of poltergeist,
Principles.
e to the conclusion that she was not hallucinating. Recently
members of the family have heard and seen the same things,
But the theory of Relativity as well as the developments of Arcing
Physics shattered this model of a mechanistic and onlerly Univ ot uncommon. Not knowing about them, however, may cause the
opuent of psychological problems associated to the stress
described a certain level of reality - the level that we perc ved.
through our senses. However, it was not adequate to describe
phenomena that take place at the sub-atomic level and which e ecognition - We had a patient who had precognitive dreams,
our perception,
connected with the death or accidents with relations or
intances. These precognitive dreams led to the development of a
For a long time Parapsychology has been studying phenomena wh al thought loaded with guilt. This sense of guilt was dealt
point to other levels of reality. What makes these observatioin psychotherapy making her aware that there was no direct rel
important is that they originate from different areas of resebetween this type of dream and the death or accidents of the
a
which, on comparison, form a network of evidence pointing to
levels of reality, tional psychotherapy dreams are often regarded as a catharsis
e she knew. She was also made aware of her ESP capacity. In
conscious desires. However, sometimes they may also be a bridge
The nature of reality is questioned both by physicists and p fen cther levels of reality and ours. Psychotherapists who work
chologists. Einstein commented on this question as follows: interpretation of dreams should be well aware of this fact.
material world... constitutes the whole world of appearance,
not the whole world of reality; we may think of it as formingIcking up symptoms - We had opportunity of following up cases of
cross section of the world of reality." e displaying somatic or psychological symptoms, making them seek
2rs or psychologists. The treatments, however, were not success-
i:e came across the same type of phenomenon in our clinical
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practice. We also noticed that these symptoms shifted, leadingthotronic Research, in 1977, in Tokyo, entitled "Healing at a
different diagnosis by different specialists. Our observationstance: some Evidences Suggestive of Theta Agent Influence in
cate that certain people have a sensitivity which causes them thological Disturbances", we named these entities "theta agents".
unknowingly act as "lightning conductors" in their environment,
picking up moods or physical symptoms of the people nearby. Wbamy consider these "theta agents" as natural phenomena, there
trained to develop their Esp faculty, they learn to control it subject to the laws of Nature, or we can also give them a reTi
are no longer at its mercy. Trained sensitives can often manif s connotation. From our point of view, however, the religious
the symptoms experienced by a patient they do not know at the ct that these phenomena might have is due to Man's interprets-
mention of his name, whether the patient is known or unknown t and not to the phenomena itself. As our working hypothesis, we
t
those present. There are persons who possess this faculty but ad for the existence of theta agents. We did this because apart
unaware of it and suffer the influences of their environment. I the explanation one might give them - subconscious of the sen
Xve, fraud, telepathy, clairvoyance, "this world-ESP", etc. - we
For the last few years we have studied people with ESP and the*ced the influence of such theta agents on some patients. In most
studies indicate that in certain disturbances classified as "qtbe cases they can be removed through certain processes we use.
illness" there are Esp components. usually an Esp manifestatioithe theta agents were merely the result of the subjectivity of
looked upon as another element pointing to the fact that the i sensitive or due to his ESP, the improvement we noticed due to
ual is insane. ESP truly has its part in this picture, because means we applied would not have c.ccurred.
makes the individual receptive to influences of many kinds; an
also reinforces the idea the patient himself and others have o
disturbance, i.e., he is most probably becoming insane, due to
weird perceptions and sensations he experiences.
vay theta agents act and how they present themselves was des-
ed in the paper mentioned previously, as well as in the second
of this paper which is being presented at this IV Conference,
It is impossible to ignore the similarities between certain pec
the title "ESP as an Aid to Psychotherapy in Some Psycho-:
tions of patients committed to asylums and the description giv 'cal Disorders".
sensitives. The difference, in terms of what is experienced, b
patient, lies in the fact that trained sensitives discriminate
tween ESP and common perception, while the person who is a sen
but not aware of it, gets in emotional states which end by ore
or aggravating maladjustment.
is natural that ESP should not be uniform in everyone. The inten
y of the manifestations vary from person to person and so does
type of ESP. In the same manner, the way ESP manifests itself
interferes in the patient's life is cldsely related to the
Ucture of his personality. These two aspects are closely inter-
and consequently the effects of this interrelation vary from
Clairvoyance is often found in people who are diagnosed as "meon to person.
n
ill". What they perceive is not taken into account as it is co
i ber side to this question is the influence theta agents have on
into account as one more proof of their "insanity". However, c
dered the result of a sick mind. Their perceptions are only ta
ain persons, whether they have or do not have ESP. The effect
voyance as well as clairaudience are often found in sensitivetbe influence may be psychopathological, psychophysiological or
which perceive
ironmental. The difference felt between people who have or do
Here again there is a difference not in thathih i
r have ESP is that the former can become mentally confused as they
rather in the experience triggered by the perception. The psyc .
feel or hear things that other people do not.
experiences his perception in a chaotic manner and is overwhel
patient may feel at the mercy of "supernatural" forces with no
the same perceptions, but maintains his psychical integrity.
by it; the trained sensitive learns to control his ESP; he may
sibility of controlling them. The fear of being different from
T ers and, as such, running the risk of being called "insane" and
There are also innumerable patient reports regarding the perce
o baps being committed to an asylum, acts as another destructive
r sensing of what they describe as entities at their side. To
tor.
a briefing on such cases it is sufficient to consult a few psy
iknow sensitives who have gone through this experience but who
chat with patients. It is interesting to note that no matter t overcome the maladjustment caused by their untrained ESP; they
Pathology textbooks or to visit some psychiatric institutions
environment or the cultural background from which the patient e
nd
that which is perceived has similar characteristics in a great ;:th:%d with it using it to their own benefit and also to
.eal
of cases, pointing to a universality in the content of what is
ceived. We believe that this content is universal because it d psychotherapists we should be alert to patients' reports, trying
with another level of reality which can also be perceived by p apprehend their reality however strange it may seem to us: and
who are adapted and possess ESP. without being overconcerned with fitting their symptoms into
r of the pre-established psychopathological categories. As we get
As a working hypothesis, we consider that these entities (seen,know our patients, we become familiar with the dynamics and
felt or perceived as "voices") exist in another level of realittuerure of their personality, enabling us to understand and
In our paper, presented at the III International Conference on ceive their problems better. If we detect a particular type of
P. it should be our duty to make them aware of it, helping them
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understand what is happening. When ESP experiences are no long
felt as a threat, the activation of internal resources during
therapy allow the patient to mitigate or overcome resistances,
actualizing his tendency towards recovery.
The purpose of this paper is to expand the traditional concept
the individual vs. environment, taking into account the possib
of other levels of reality which can interact with the individ
It is not our intention to substitute today's psychotherapic
knowledge - but only to add to it another dimension, aiming at
holistic understanding of the patient and his -reality, as well
his recovery.
REFERENCES
Capra, F. The Tao of Physics, Great Britain: The Chaucer Press,
ract: The authors discuss the inte
talxty and ours in cases involving
Books, Inc., 1970 frders of various kinds. Trained sen
and often manifested extraneous per
Jaspers, Karl. Psicopatologia Geral. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria its by the authors), and who were invo
neu, 1973, vol I and II. ription is made of the theta agents o
n with the patients. Removal of th
Kiskos, J. and Samuel, A. Healing at a Distance: Some Evidencesa in procedures is followed by an i pro
Suggestive of Theta Agent Influence in Psychological Disturbancition. This approach combined wit tra
In proceedings of the Third International Conference on Psycho -Il up new possibilities for patie ts wh
tronic Research. Tokyo, 1977, Vol. II, 481 'remote or dependent on extensiv psych
Ellenberger, H.F. The Discovery of the Unconscious. New York:
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND LEVELS OF REALITY:
PART II - ESP AS AN AID TO PSYCHOTHERAPY
IN SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
SAMUEL, Andre. and KISKOS, Julika
Clinical Psychologists
Sociedade de Pesquisas Psicobiofisicas
Sao Paulo
Sao Paulo, S.P., Brazil
actions etween other levels
atient with psychological ,
tiv s were used in this
ities (named theta
ed with the patients. A
erved and their inter-
agents by means of
ment in the patients'
di ional psychotherappy
os prognosis of recovery
oth rapy.
LeShan, L. The Medium, the Mystic and the Physicist. New York:
Viking Press, 1974.
Price, H.H. Mediumship and Human Survival. In Wheatley, J.M.0
Edge, H.L. (ed.) Philosophical Dimensions of Parapsychology.
Springfield: Bannerstone House, 1976.
Tart, C.T. Altered States of Consciousness. New York: John Wile
Sons, Inc., 1972
Toben, B. Space, Time and Beyond. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1975.
346
eduction
977, at the III Internation 1 Conference on Psychotronic
arch in Tokyo, we presente a paper discuss ng the possibility
ofluencing at a distance p ople with various types of psycho-
cal disorders, aiming at relieving or removi
rienced. After experime ting during three ye
conclusion that this c uld be done. However,
personalities extran ous to the members of t
Os manifested themsel es, suggesting an interre
'psychological disor ers of some patients and t
1 personalities - w ich we named "theta agents".
Or, we described t e types of theta agents we ca
I as the improvem te and relapses observed in p
It with these age ts. The subjects selected for
know that they ere being focused by the group, w
Orgoing psychot erapy and had been showing certain
p than a year.
purpose of t is paper is to take up these aspects a
ibased on ob ervations made during the last two yea
in H oth is
/observatio s, as pointed out in our paper "ESP as a Component
pone Psych logical Disorders",which is being presented at this
tonference, led us to consider that there might be another level
reality, u perceived by our senses, but which could interact with
/individual. Apparently, besides the classical interaction
ividual vs. environment, there could be a third one that we
Id call "spiritual". "Spiritual" is probably not the best word
g the symptoms
rs, we had come to
e also 'found out
e group in some
ation between
e influence of
Also in this
e across, as
ients as we
o r sample did
re not
symptoms for