DAILY SNAP - DECREE TRANSFORMING USSR MEDICAL ACADEMY INTO RUSSIAN ACADEMY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00792R000500430003-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 25, 2003
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: March 24, 1992
• Content Type: MAGAZINE

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Tuesday
March 24, 1992
Bally
FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY CENTER
Title: DECREE TRANSFORMING USSR MEDICAL
ACADEMY INTO RUSSIAN ACADEMY
Primary Source: Meditsinskaya gazeta, Jan-
uary 29, 1992, No. 7 (5232), p. 1, col. 1
Abstract: The text is published of a de-
cree of the President of the Russian Fed-
eration transforming the USSR Academy of
Medical Sciences into the Russian Academy
of Medical Sciences. This decree is dated
January'4, 1992.
The decree states in particular that
the Russian academy is the rightful succes-
sor to the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
and operates on principles of self-adminis-
tration in accordance with the academy's
own charter and laws of the Russian Federa-
tion. All of the members of the USSR acad-
emy are considered members of the Russian
academy (with their consent) and retain
their titles of full and corresponding mem-
bers. The decree further stipulates that
the Russian academy is assigned the func-
tions of organizing and coordinating medi-
cal science in the Russian Federation, de-
termining and formulating key directions of
basic and applied medicine and training
highly qualified scientific personnel.
Scientific research institutes, laborato-
ries, research centers, organizations and
enterprises under the jurisdiction of the
Russian academy are not subject to privati-
zation.
Paragraph Four of the decree contains
provisions in regard to financing activi-
ties of the Russian academy's organiza-
tions; supplying them with materials and
equipment; tax and duty exemptions for the
purpose of stimulating the advancement of
medical science and the training of scien-
tific personnel; and bringing earnings of
academy members and personnel of academy
institutions into line with those in the
Russian Academy of Sciences. Paragraph
Five calls upon the Russian Ministry of
Health and the Russian Academy of Medical
Sciences jointly to prepare a list of sci-
entific research institutes, laboratories,
research centers, enterprises and other or-
ganizations which support research in main
directions of basic and applied medicine
and are subject to transfer to the Russian
academy's jurisdiction.
(SNAP 920324)
Author: Frolov, Dmitriy
Title: DEVELOPER OF MILITARY LASER EQUIP-
MENT TURNS TO CIVILIAN PROJECTS
Primary Source: Nezavisimaya gazeta, Feb-
ruary 26, 1992, No. 38 (209), p. 6, cols.
5-8
Extract: Far from every defense scientific
research institute can boast of having had
a part in such large-scale projects as de-
velopment of a space military laser -- a
key component of a Soviet "Star Wars" pro-
gram.
This gas-dynamic unit was not intended
originally for such specific purposes. At
the moment when it appeared, early in the
1970s, a capacity of 100 kilowatts was an
achievement in itself. However, it is not
difficult to imagine that this unit's abil-
ity to cut metal plates as thick as a human
finger gave rise in the imagination to mil-
itary pictures which were just as impres-
sive as destroying a factory and cutting up
airplanes in flight. The gas laser most
likely was only one of a number of contend-
ers for the role of a space hyperboloid;
however, it had real chances of becoming
one, in the opinion of specialists. The
downfall of the orbiting station "Skif" on
which it was proposed to conduct tests in
line with this program, the well-known po-
litical changes which have taken place in
our country and the world, and also materi-
al circumstances prevented the project from
being completed; the prototype of the
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super-weapon is still on the territory of
the Institute of Thermal Processes (NIITP).
Contract work on selection of industrial
welding conditions is now being done with
the aid of this laser.
Literally a stone's throw from it is
still another of the institute's points of
interest. Inside the rebuilt three-story
building of a former boiler house is a gi-
gantic laser whose average rated power
reaches 10 megawatts. Each of its nine
beams is as thick as a hand. By means of a
system of mirrors, these beams are combined
into a single beam which is only 50 milli-
meters in diameter. This structure is in-
tended for experiments aimed at developing
a space laser engine. Its operating prin-
ciple is fairly simple: a gas such as hy-
drogen serves as a working medium which
creates jet thrust. This gas expands in an
engine chamber under the beam of the giant
laser, which is on the ground. It is quite
obvious that for such a 'simple' principle
to be put into practice, unbelievably com-
plex technical solutions must be carried
out and appropriate amounts spent. In
1991, this program was shut down for a long
time, if not forever.
Both of the aforementioned curiosities
are located on premises which NIITP-FOR, a
scientific production association with lim-
ited liability, is now leasing. This firm,
which considers itself to be carrying on
the school of Keldysh and Petrov, sprang up
in a department of the institute, is oper-
ating on the basis of intellectual property
amassed there and is using equipment of the
institute. This commercial division's
sphere of activities not only lies outside
"defense industry" which no one needs now
but is not connected with large-scale pro-
jects which involve ultra-advanced science.
The direction which is considered the most
promising here (in the sense not of long-
range prospects but, on the contrary, of
real and guaranteed profitability) is thus
development of gas heat generators -- units
for decentralized heating of residential
buildings.
"The technical tasks which have to be
accomplished are just as complex and inter-
esting as before," said Gennadiy Yevseyev,
director of NIITP?-FOR. "There are a con-
siderable number of fields in which our ex-
perience is proving useful. A unit for
extinguishing fires at oil and gas wells
gradually covers them with metal, using a
supersonic jet. There are other ideas,
too."
(SNAP 920324)
Author: Belikov, Viktor
Title: PRODUCTION OF TU-160 AND TU-95 MS
MILITARY AIRPLANES DISCONTINUED
Primary Source: Izvestiya, February 24,
1992, No. 46 (23620), p. 8, cols. 1-2
Extract: In accordance with an understand-
ing reached during recent negotiations in
Moscow between B. Yeltsin and J. Baker,
production of our Air Force's most powerful
combat aircraft -- the TU-160 supersonic
missile-carrying airplane and the TU-95 MS
long-range turboprop bomber -- is being
discontinued. Both are strategic offensive
weapons, as are the American B-2 supersonic
[bombers], production of which has also
been halted.
For many years, the TU-95 MS was the
basis of our long-range aviation. This
airplane, which was developed 40 years ago,
underwent modernizations and was being
equipped with the latest systems. The
TU-114 transcontinental airliner was built
on its basis and used for a long time. The
airplane's modern version, which is
equipped for aerial refueling, is capable
of being airborne for more than 24 hours,
flying at a speed of about 850 kilometers
an hour with 40 tons of combat cargo on
board.
The supersonic TU-160 is a rather re-
cent development, as is shown by its aero-
dynamic design, variable-sweep wings and 4
turbojet engines, which ensure a speed of
2,200 kilometers an hour at a takeoff
weight of 280 tons. More than 100 onboard
computers help the 2 pilots, navigator and
operator to make flights from one hemi-
sphere to another.
Instead of [building] the TU-95 MS,
the Kuybyshev aircraft builders will be
able to go into true mass production of the
intermediate-range TU-154M, which is in
good demand both here and abroad. The Ka-
zan aircraft plant will replace the TU-160
by additional production of the long-range
IL-62M and will subsequently begin quantity
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production of the latest Tu-204s.
The TU-95 MS could become flying labo-
ratories and could also be used as an ef-
fective carrier of containers with a fire-
extinguishing mixture in putting out forest
fires in the taiga.
From on board the TU-160 missile-car-
rying airplane, small satellites or cargo
spaceships can be orbited like from a fly-
ing cosmodrome. Use of such a system,
which has been given the name "Burlak"
(barge hauler), will cost only a fraction
of the expense of using ground-based launch
facilities.
(SNAP 920324)
Author: Konovalov, Boris
Title: "NUCLOTRON" WITH SUPERCONDUCTING
SYSTEM COMMISSIONED AT OIYal
Primary Source: Izvestiya, February 25,
1992, No. 47 (23621), p. 2, cols. 1-6
Extract: The famous Joint Institute for
Nuclear Research (OIYaI) in Dubna is enter-
ing a new phase of its development. It
formerly received researchers and trained
personnel for the socialist camp.
It is now beginning to perform the
role of a 'forge of personnel' for the
countries of the Commonwealth of Indepen-
dent States (CIS). Russia, Ukraine and
Belarus have already joined OIYaI, Kazakh-
stan has applied, and Georgia and Latvia
are showing interest. Researchers from
Western countries -- Germany and Italy --
are also taking an active part in the in-
stitute's work.
The current interest in Dubna is also
enhanced by the impending expansion of the
research capabilities of the Laboratory of
High-Energy Physics, which is headed by
A. M. Baldin. This laboratory's main in-
strument was the synchrophasotron -- the
world's first big accelerator, which was
created even before the invention of strong
focusing of particle beams and therefore
required a giant magnet.
The laboratory came up with the idea
of developing a modern accelerator making
use of the phenomenon of superconductivity,
in which current flows without losses,
which means that practically no electric
power needs to be expended.
Recently, there was at the laboratory
a technological start-up of the nuclotron
-- an accelerator with a superconducting
system, which is capable of accelerating
even the heaviest nuclei of elements
through uranium. The start-up with a par-
ticle beam was successful. This fully con-
firmed the correctness of the designs of
the new accelerator, which incorporates the
latest advances of modern physics and tech-
nology, including many unique inventions of
Dubna scientists.
No special building was built for the
nuclotron. Because of its small cross sec-
tion, it was installed underneath the syn-
chrophasotron in the service tunnel built
some time ago for the giant accelerator's
wiring. Advanced technology makes it pos-
sible to create in the narrow space where
the particles fly a vacuum like that of in-
terplanetary space. For the cryogenic sys-
tem, heavy-duty units were created for pro-
ducing liquid helium, by means of which the
ultralow temperature necessary for the op-
eration of the niobium-titanium supercon-
ductors is maintained. Production of the
superconducting cable was organized in Ust-
Kamenogorsk.
One-fourth of circular accelerator has
now been fully assembled and checked for
performance. The rest is at the stage of
alignment of magnet sections, which re-
quires the highest accuracy.
Academician A. M. Baldin believes that
the nuclotron will become fully operational
this year and that the synchrophasotron can
then become a museum piece. The new accel-
erator will enable Dubna to remain for
about 15 more years at the forefront of
work in high-energy nuclear physics.
(SNAP 920324)
Author: Grinis, L.
Title: INSTITUTE DEVELOPS PROCESSES FOR
METAL-COATING PLASTICS
Primary Source: Ekho Litvy, October 22,
1991, No. 206 (14585), p. 1, cols. 1-2;
p. 2, cols. 2-4
Extract: Scientists of the Institute of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering have
within the last few years developed a num-
ber of high-strength plastics and modern
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technologies which make it possible to
economize on metal or do entirely without
it.
I talked with Candidate of Chemical
Sciences L. Narushkyavichyus, one of the
authors of the new process of palladium-
free metal coating of plastics, at the gal-
vanization department of the institute's
experimental facility. In the last few
years many kinds of plastics have success-
fully undergone 'hardening' at this facili-
ty. He said that the process involves the
application of a special coating to plastic
parts, as a result of which they become
equivalent to metal parts in their techni-
cal characteristics.
The new technological method of metal
coating of plastics makes it possible to
achieve yet another advantage -- esthetics.
Parts made of such material look very at-
tractive. The range of their uses is very
wide: from motor-vehicle building to small
radio components and various plastic orna-
ments.
I. Bachyulene heads the facility's
analytical-chemistry laboratory. Under her
supervision, every stage of the process de-
veloped by the scientists passes through a
laboratory inspection, the degree of acidi-
ty of the electrolytes is carefully mea-
sured, and the potential of coatings for
elasticity and even luster is checked.
Parts go on to the galvanization de-
partment: only after scrupulous analyses and
checks. Industrial engineer V. Zhilenene
is fully in charge here. She explained
that several processes which were developed
by scientists of the institute are being
perfected here, including the one described
at the beginning of this report.
The institute has sold a number of new
technologies to Western firms. User coun-
tries include Bulgaria, Poland, Czecho-Slo-
vakia, Romania, Germany and the United
States.
(A photograph is given showing I. Ba-
chyulene measuring the degree of acidity of
electrolytes with a pipet.)
(SNAP 920324)
Title: CYTOGENETICS LABORATORY AT ECOLOGI-
CAL-MEDICINE CENTER
Primary Source: Meditsinskaya gazeta, Feb-
ruary 26, 1992, No. 15 (5240), p. 2, cols.
1-3
Extract: A Center for Ecological Medicine
(Tsentrem) has been created in St. Peters-
burg.* This public and state organization
has been formed at the Military Medical
Academy imeni Kirov.
The center has consolidated scientific
and practical experience for the examina-
tion, treatment and rehabilitation of indi-
viduals affected by radiation, chemical and
bacteriological accidents and disasters.
It is planned to accept here up to 1,000
patients at the same time. Even now, more
than 200 people are undergoing examination
and treatment at the center, most of whom
were involved in the elimination of the
consequences of the Chernobyl accident.
"Tsentrem" will become a comprehensive
institution for the diagnosis and treatment
of consequences of the impact of ecological
factors on human health. Special attention
is given to the early diagnosis and preven-
tion of diseases.
(A photograph is given showing L. Mav-
ritsyna, a junior science associate, and a
laboratory assistant in a cytogenetics lab-
oratory. They are determining biological
doses of irradiation to which patients have
been exposed.)
*See also the Daily SNAP, August 29, 1991,
p. 2, col. 1
(SNAP 920324)
Title: S. R. RAFIKOV (obituary)
Primary Source: Kazakhstanskaya pravda,
January 23, 1992, No. 19 (20944), p. 4,
cols. 7-8
Extract: The republic's scientific commu-
nity has suffered a grave loss. Doctor of
Chemical Sciences, Professor Sagid Raufo-
vich Rafikov, an eminent chemist, died on
January 20, 1992, at the age of 79. He was
a member of the Kazakhstan Republic Academy
of Sciences and a corresponding member of
the USSR Academy of Sciences.
During World War II, S. R. Rafikov did
work involving the solution of problems of
the defense industry.
S. R. Rafikov's scientific and sci-
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1 ence-organization work in Kazakhstan began
in 1947 at the republic Academy of Sci-
ences' Institute of Chemical Sciences,
where he was invited by academician K. I.
Satpayev. Heading the petroleum laborato-
ry, S. R. Rafikov conducted productive re-
search in the field of petroleum chemistry
and the chemistry of plastics, polymers and
intermediate products for their synthesis
from different raw materials, including
wastes of major industrial enterprises.
Extensive studies were conducted with his
participation, laboratories of the physical
chemistry and physical and mechanical prop-
erties of polymers and ion-exchange resins
were opened, and subsequently a department
of high-molecular compounds was created.
In 1962, S. R. Rafikov was elected a full
member of the Kazakh Academy of Sciences.
The results of the basic research per-
formed by S. R. Rafikov and his students
have become the basis for its practical im-
plementation and for the creation of new
multipurpose polymeric materials.
For his services to the country and
the republic, academician Sagid Raufovich
Rafikov was awarded the orders of the Red
Banner of Labor and of the Friendship of
Peoples and medals of the USSR, and he was
elected deputy of the USSR Supreme Soviet
of a number of convocations.
(The obituary is submitted by the pre-
sidium of the Kazakhstan Republic Academy
of Sciences and the academy's section of
chemical-engineering sciences. A photo-
graph of S. R. Rafikov is given.)
(SNAP 920324)
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