TRENDS OF QIGONG RESEARCH AT HOME AND ABROAD IN THE PAST TEN YEARS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00792R000200650023-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 28, 1998
• Sequence Number: 23
• Publication Date: April 18, 1991
• Content Type: RP

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DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20301
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REQUESTER
TRANSLATOR'S INITIALS
TRANSLATION NUMBER
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F.NCL(S) TO i R NO?
DT-S
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LN199-91
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LANGUAGE
GEOGRAPHIC AREA (7f dif(erent /rom plots of pubJlcet
Chinese
China
ENGLISH TITLE OF TRAN5LATION '.
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PAGE NOS. TRANSLATED FROM ORIG DOC.
Trends of Qigong
n
roa
Research at Home and A
22 pages
past ten years
~~st'cal~ ~ Uf~ ~
FOREIGN TITLE OF TRANSLATION
SG6A
AUTHOR ISy
FOREIGN TITLE OF DOCUMENT (Complete only if different from title of
trensletlon)
Bejing Immunity
Research Center.
Beijing
PUBLISHER
DATE AND PLACE OF PUBLICATION
COMMENTS
TRANSLATION
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Trends of Qigonq Research at Home and Abroad
Beijing Immunity Research Center, Beijing.
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Trends of Qigonq Research at Some and Abroad is the Past Ten
Years
Development of Qi on studies in the past ,ten years from
1.979 to 1988~een unprecedented ~n Qigong history. The
_w..~._._,._w_._~ ..
guanti~ and quality of the research _papers were also un-
precedented. According to the analysis of the incomplete
collection of the materials, the overall situation of Qigong
development, its law and trends are described as follows:
Total number of papers was 4591. They are listed in the
table below by year.
Table 1. Yearly Publication of Qigong Science Research
Papers
Year
_. 1
9 9
x ?
ii 0
~
81
8 2
a 3
8 4
85
8 d
87
38
.
Total;
Number
~3
67
l75
246
364
640
74z
7~3
752
1331
4391
p~ 3
I , 4
3. ft
5. 4
7, ~
{1~3,9
~2 6,2
1 b,b
16.37
18,, 1
10 0
It is shown in table 1 that the
number
of papers
from
1979
to 1980 increased from 13 to 67.
Since
then, in 19
81,
1982,
1983, and
1984 the numbers doubled yearly.. The number of
papers in
1985, 1986 and 1987 were close. There have been
increases
since 1988.
This can also be shown in a graph.
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~b 2 0
I~
~6
I4
Iz
IO
0 79 g0 8I 82 83 84 i35 86.87 ~S
Year
Graph 1. Yearly PublicationFof Qigong Research Papers.
The contents of Qigong Papers were categorized as folows for
~,._~- ... m..,, .. ~_.. ._ _ _ .
__
comparison.
Table 2. Comparison of Content Categories of Qigong Papers
Year ~
I~ 7 9
8 2
~3 4
8 u
8~ ____
~perimental
3
2 6
6 2
10 5
131
' Theory
3
26
76
6 0
I O L.
__. _.~
Qigong',
Method
I
44
20Ei
2S3
264
Clinical
0
63
16I
219
23 0
otrers~
6
16
12 5
12 3
10 4
It is shown in Table 2 that there were only three experimen-
tal papers in 1979, but in 1988 the amount increased to 131
(43 times that or 1979). Other kinds such as theories,
Qigong methods and clinical papers have increased greatly.
For example, in 1979 there were no clinical papers, but in
1988 there were 230. This indicates that the development of
Qigong science papers grew from nothing to a large volume.
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Publications of papers representes the level of the scien-
tific studies in our country. Yet the quantities of some
types of papers still need improvement. However, the number
of papers also represent certain levels. The qualitatitive
changes and quantitative changes have been possible due to
experiences from years of work.
In addition, more and more research institutes, medical
units and higher educational institutions have been submit-
ting papers, which also indicates increased quantity. The
improvement in number of papers further indicates the
development of Qigong science.
Situation of Qigong Study in Recent Ten Years
In past ten years, the effects of Qigong medicine have been
extended due to extensive exchanges of science, technology
and culture between China and the outside world. Qigong has
been disseminanted and introduced to the world. It has
played an important role in advancing the cause of world
health promotion and care.
Japan
1. History
Originated in our country, the Daaying skill was introduced
to Japan during the [Kuan Ping--transliteration of Japanese
words] years of the Peace Period (889-897 A.D.), due to the
fast development of the Qigong Daoying skill after the Tang
Dynasty in China and the frequent cultural-exchanges between
China and Japan during that period.
According to the "In Print Bibliography of Japan" by [Teng
Yuan Shi--transliteration of Japanese surname], it was re-
corded in "Thirty Seven Medical Methods" during that period
that Qigong books included "Daoying Regulating Method",
"Diagrams of the Daoying Method," "Way of Preserving Health"
and "Shu Nu Jing." "Shu Nu Jing" states Daoying in Qingfong
might be from an earlier period. In the fifth year of [Tian
Yun--transliteration of Japanese words] (982A.D.) [Dan Bo
Kong Lai--transliteration of Japanese surname] wrote a book
named "Methods for curing the Hear." This was a synthetical
medical work which systematically summarized all medical
matters before the tenth century A.D. In Volume 37 and 38
of this book, ways of preserving health and Fangzhong skills
were discussed in detail. They were found to be very
similar to medical documents named "Methods of Preserving
Health" and "Discusions of Unearthings from Mawangdui in
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Changsha, China." This indicates that this method was from
ancient times of China. During this period, another impor-
tant book about the methods of preserving health in Japan
was "Recuperating Methods for Long Life" by [Shi liars Sen--
transliteration of Japanese surname] from the [Liars Chan and
Shi Ding--transliteration of Japanese terms] period 1192-
1593 to the [Jiang Hu--transliteration of Japanese terms]
period 1603-1867, a flourishing situation appeared in the
study of Daoying far preserving health. There were many
books about Daoying for preserving health which were
popularized among the people. For instance, during the
[Yuan Lu--transliteration of Japanese terms] period 1688-
1704, a well known poet named ~jShang Dao Gui Guars--
transliteratian of Japanese surname] was also very famous
for his Daoying skill. It was said that he even cured the
disease for three dukes. Also, it was recorded that from
using his Daoying skill, he could cure diseases of people.
However, in the [Ming Zhi--transliteration of Japanese term]
period 1868-1911, as [Ming Zhi Wei Xing--transliteration of
Japnese terms] reform started, Chinese medical methods were
banned. Since then, the Daoying method declined gradually.
2. Qigang Institutes and Associations
Due to the spread of Qigong in the world in past ten years,
Daaying skill has been gradually resurrected in Japan. A
main indication is that more and more Qigong associations
and organizations have been founded and have grown in size
such as Japanese Qigong Assciation (founded in 1986), [Guars
Xi--transliteration of Japanese term] Qigong Association,
and The [Ping Ku--transliteration of Japanese term] Province
Qigong Medical Research Association (founded in March,1987)
which have been very actively holding acdemic activities,
publishing related journals and research achievements.
Meanwhile, other associations such as The Chinese Medicine
Research Association of [Qun Ma--transliteration of Japanese
term] also held lectures and activities concerning Qigong.
Among the many associations mentioned above, the most famous
arse is The Japanese Qigong Association. Its main aim is to
popularize Chinese Qigang methods. Goals include: (a)
training Japanese Qigong masters, (b) conducting scientific
research, (c) collecting Qigong information, and (d) pub-
lishing Qigong books and research billiographies. Besides
these associations some non-government organizations are
devoted to Qigong development and its proper use as treat-
ment. Among them are the Japanese Three Learning Mastery
Association (founded by a surgeon named [Doi Jing Liang--
transliteration of Japanese surname], The Rectifying Body
Assaciation (founded by [Ye Kau Qing Zai--transliteration of
Japanese surname] 1911-1971), and The Japanese Assaciation
of Regulating Methods (founded by a well-known philosopher
named [Teng Tian Mei Zai--transliteration of Japanese sur-
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name] in 1896, the fortyth year of [Ming Zi--transliteration
of Japanese term], the difficult time of Chinese medicine
in Japan).
3. The Popularization of Qigong Among the Japanese People.
The Japanese have a great interest in Chinese Qigong. The
spread of Qigong has a certain social basis. The first
reason is the common caracteristics of Japanese and Chinese
cultures, especially the profound effects of Chinese culture
in Japan. It is easy far the Japanese to accept forms of
Qigong psychologically and mentally. The second reason is
the popularization and effects of Chinese medicine, espe-
cially the study of channels and collaterals in acupuncture
and the acupuncture skills. Because of frequent cultural
exchanges between Japan and China, it is understandable why
Qigong was disseminated into Japanese and became pupular
among the people. It should be pointed out that a series of
Qigong activities held by the Japanese Qigong associations
have promoted the spreading of Qigong in Japan. For in-
stance, in 1986 Qigong delegations and Qigong masters from
China were invited to Japan to give lectures and perfor-
mances. Several dozens of Qigong masters have visited Japan
including Ling Housheng, Lu Guozhu, Qing Yingsheng, Xue
Yongbng, Du Luoyi, Jia Jingding, Zhang Yu, and Yu Yongchang.
In 1987, the "New Body Exercise Fair" was held in Japan.
This is a health promoting exercise inspired by Chinese
Qigong. It is also called "deep thinking in oration method,"
"developing potential ability method" and "exercise of
developing body and mind". These are exercises that syn-
thetically combine the Qigong Daoying skill, martial arts
and religion. The popularization of this exercise indicates
the popularization of Qigong in Japan.
The spreading of Qigong in Japan is also closely related to
the Japanese religious associations. For instance, in 1986
the "Association of Buddhisim" from the Japanese Buddhism
ChaoDongZong--transliteration of Japanese term] sect in-
itiated and popularized the method of "sitting meditation",
which is a simple combination method based on the pinciple
of Jing Qigong and the deep meditation of Buddhism. It is
easier than regular siting meditation. To practice this
method, only a chair and ten minutes are needed. It can be
practiced on buses, trolley, at work or after work, so it is
well liked.
There have been many Qigong training classes in Japan, most
of them being held cooperately by Japan and China. Usually
the instructors are Chinese. For instance, there are twenty
four credit hours in Qigong for the Chinese medicine train-
ing class held cooperately by Shanxi Instititute of Chinese
Medicine and the Association of Chinese Medical Treatment.
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It can be said that the popularization of Chinese Qigong
also means the popularization of Japanese Recuperation
Medicine.
4. Studies of Chinese Qigong by Japanese Scholors
a. Documentation Studies
jJia Ben Cheng Yi--transliteration of Japanese surname]
studied descriptions of Qi in "Shu Wen" and "Ling Jiu". [Ji
Yun Zhao Zhi--transliteration of Japanese surname] gave a
systematic review of the documents of the Chinese medicine
through the years. He also listed many methods of preserv-
ing~health and articles on Daoying including Fu Er (taking
medicine), Fulu (magic f figure drawing), Fang Zhong, and
Jingshi. He felt that medication and Daoism in ancient
times had never seperated because celestial beings (Qigong
masters) had been using Daoying to promote health, and doc-
tors had been using Daoying to treat patients.
In another article he gave an overall review on the
relationship betwen Chinese traditional medicine and Daoism.
He pointed out that the Daoying, Jungu, and Tiaoxi methods
in the Wei Jing period, making pills for immortality and the
modern Qigong treatments all belong to a system, a branch of
the Daoism.
b. Clinical Applications
In 1978, The Japan Qigong Association held a medical Qigong
class. For better effects, the directors of the associa-
tion, Mr. Qin Haisheng and Mr. Xue Yongbing were invited to
give performances and directions. A discussion meeting on
the effects of Qigong treatment and applications was held on
Dec 12, 1987. Jia finding and Du Luoyi from China and
[Teng Tian Zheng Tai, Xi Shan Zong Zhi, Yan Si Geng--
transliteration of Japanese surnames] from Japan attended
the meeting. In the meeting, Mr. Jia reported the effects of
Qigong treatments on lumbago and fractures. Mr. Du intro-
duced the experience of curing hypertension and diabetes
with Qigong. [Sheng Tian Xi Shan--transliteration of
Japanese surname] discussed the method of observing the
Yingtang acupoint with Qigong to diagnose illness and the
use of Qigong in further consultations. They also discussed
such problems as Qigong anaesthesia and the applications of
Qigong treatments to diseases of the digestive system.
In the Journal of The Japanese National Acupuncture Associa-
tion, [Chuan Jing Zheng Jir--transliteration of Japanese
surname] reported the experience of treating body and mind
illnesses with acupuncture and Qigong. According to the
Chinese scholors who have visited Japan, it is said that
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Qigong methods used in clinical treatments in most of
Japan's private hospitals were introduced from China. They
mainly include "Nei Yanggong" (internal recuperating
Qigong), Jinggong (siting meditation), and Donggong (martial
art Qigong), which all emphasize the treatment of regulating
the heart, Breath, body and mind coordinated by Donggong
with music.
c. Experimental Studies
In 1984, [Wu Teng Ming Wen--transliteration of Japanese sur-
name] observed the relationship between the flowing of
Qigong and glucose. In 1987, he studied Qi from the angle
of skin and sound. Since Japan pays great attention to the
study of the conduction of channels and collaterals, his
[Liang Dao Luo--translitertion of Japanese term] (good con-
duction of channels and collaterals) theory provided the
study of Qi condiction in Qigong in the channels and col-
laterals with its theoretical basis. [Liang Dao Luo--
transliteration of Japanese term] means the passing of the
electic compacity through channels and collaterals. Usually
an averflawing electricity is used to pass the channels and
collaterals to cure disease, which is considered by the
Japanese to be related to the conducting speed of Qi in
channels and collaterals. It was reported that a Japanese
engineering doctor [Nei Tian Xiu Nan--trnsliteration of
Japanese surname] used a "special Qi detector" that detects
the characteristics and forms of the spiritual Qi to test a
Yoga practitioner. It was found that there was some
spiritual Qi from the human body and same parallel, ultra
micraelectromagnetic energy emitting from the finger tips.
He also pointed out that the amount of the spiritual Qi
emitted by a Qigong practitioner depends an the positions of
their fingers, their health and the emotional situations.
The result of this study were similar to results of same
studies conducted by the Chinese.
From 1987 to 1988, [Jing Shang Wei Nan--transliteration of
Japanese surname] continuously published his series of ar-
ticles entitled "Treatments According to Qi and Vitality".
He painted out that because there is no such concept as "Qi"
in modern medicine and science, the word "Qi" from Chinese
medicine is considered as an abstract concept. But if only
the method of Qi is mastered, it is understandable that Qi
is an actual existing energy. When we study Chinese
Medicine, only when we confirm the existance of Qi can we
understand the true vales of Chinese medicine.
He Pointed out that Qi exists inside living things. But
there are some extremely tiny elements connecting non-living
things that are hard to measure. He also introduced in his
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experience, the way to sense tha existance of Qi is through
angles of wrist, energy sensing and postures of the upper
limbs, and observing diagnosis. Qi is mastered espeically
through the regultion of breath. By practicing Qi for a
period of time, good accuracy could be achieved. Moreover,
he pointed out that the Qi phenomenan is related to the mag-
netic field of the human body. He introduced his Yang Mag-
netic Field testing method, the harmfulness of the Yang mag-
netic field and the elimination of the harmfulness of the
Yang magnetic field.
In 1988 [Fu Dao Hong Dao--transliteration of Japanese sur-
name] published an article in which he concluded that "the
purpose of Qi is to strengthen the life of the human being.."
Besides, there were some articles published in Tokyo Martial
Arts Magzine which introduced some Qigong theories. Some
Japanese specialists of Chinese medicine such as [Shang Mu
Chong Xiu--transliteration of Japanese surname] also pub-
lished articles in China Study Magazine discussing his view
of Qigong. Initially describing the trip of his sister who
watched Qigong performances in Zhejiang College of the
Chinese Medicine in China December 1987, he reviewed the
development of Qigong in Japan and China. He pointed: out
that Qigong treatment is a development of the Primitive
Recuperating Method which is similar to hypnotism. The key
to Qigong treatment is the resonance between the Qigong doc-
tor and the patient. If other medicines are used along with
Qigong, then the effects should be better. He also pointed
out that Qigong should be studied.
In 1988, [Da He Xiang Chuan--transliteration of Japanese
surname] introduced some Qigong methods in his article such
as attaining Qi, cleaning the spiral mallow Qigong method,
Dong and Jing active Qigong qsd Directional Foetus Breath
Qigong. He also categorized regulating breath as gentle
breath, deep breath and big breath. Another Japanese named
[Teng Tian Zheng Tai--transliteration of Japanese surname]
discussed his view about the external Qi performance super-
vised by Zhang Yu.
In his article, [Shan Pu Guang Tai Lang--transliteration of
Japanese surname] discussed external Qi. He felt that ex-
ternal Qi is similar to the infrared ray and ultra-low
period magnetic lines of force, which can be measured by
physical methods. He pointed out that the popular external
Qi simulation equipment has very good curative effects.
Qigong is similar to spiritual treatment. It is considered
by some Japanese as a spiritual sensing ability. There is a
close relationship between Qigong and soul treatments. To
explain the point, he used the example that there are
yellowish-white and yellow rings of light around a Qigong
master who is emitting Qigong. He also mentioned the
relationship between Qigong and psychology.
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Other Japanese scholors introduced some Chinese Qigong
masters and the situation of Qigong studies in China. For
instance, they reported the situation of Qigong studies in
Shanghai College of Chinese Medicine, interviews with some
Chinese Qigong masters and also, analyzed the development of
Qigong studies in China. The Japanese are very interested
in Mr. Liu Guizhen, the Chairman of the Beidaihe Qigong
Sanatorium in the 50's and all kinds of Chinese Qigong
methods from different schools such as Five-Birds Qigong and
wild goose Qigong (created by Guo Ling), external Qi and
Qigong anaesthesia.
5. Developing Japanese Qigong treatment methods.
The purpose of learning Qigong in Japan is to use it. Since
Japan is a country with strong national pride, many Japanese
are devoted to developing Japanese Qigong methods. They
have created their own Qigong methods by combining prin-
ciples and forms of Chinese Qigong with Indian yoga, absorb-
ing psychological theories and mental disease treatment
methods, and referring to physio
logical and pathological changes of the body. Some Qigong
methods were created a long time ago. The [Gang Tian--
transliteration of Japanese term] Style Sitting Method, The
[Jiang Jian--transliteration of Japanese term]~or Body and
Mind Exercise Method, The [Tang Tian--transliteration Hof
Japanese term] Style Heart Regulating Method and [Ling Zi
Shu--transliteration of Japanese term] by [Tian Zhong Shou
Ping--transliteration of Japanese surname].
For The Association of Regulation Method in Japan, the main
purpose is to popularize the Dantian Breathing Method. They
emphasize on studying the effects of this method on the body
in physiological and pathological conditions and its
mechanism in regulating internal vitality. For several
decades, this method has cured many patients. The disease
treatments include cerebral artery disease, coronary ateros-
lerotic heart disease, hepatitis, diabetes, enterogastritis
and tumors. It should be noted that the main point of the
Dantian Breathing Method is from Chinse Qigong. The
Japanese emphasized studying the method of directing Qi to
the Dantian key acupoint, which is quite clever. Research
subjects concerning the Dantian Breathing Method in Japan
include "The Characteristics of Dantian Breathing Method,"
"Mountain-Climbing and Dantian Breathing Method," etc. They
also published some good quality papers in their own Journal
called "Regulating Methods."
Another example is the Association of Three Learning
Mastery, in which the Japanese mainly study the Dantian
Breathing Method from The Association of Regulating Methods.
Besides improving this method, they also try to develop and
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deepen this method. They also study another Japanese
Jujitsu created by a Japanese named [Ao Shan Long Feng--
transliteration of Japanese surname], which orignates from
Chinese martial arts. The purposes of this exercise are to
stimulate the circulation of blood and cause the muscles and
joints to relax, to strengthen the body, and cure disease
along with Qigong acupuncture and massage in Chinese
medicine. The Japanese Health Promotion Association mainly
emphasizes developing and studying spontaneous Japanese
Qigong. It is felt that production of spontaneous Qigong
depends on diverting the body gravity center, brain func-
tions, and the lumbar vertebrae functions. The tense and
relaxed situation of these three parts will all cause the
spontaneous Qigong movements. The movements change accord-
ing to the movement of the lumbar vertebra. It is generally
considered that all unconscious motions are biological
phenomenon caused by uncouncious, spontaneous Qigong experi-
ments and theories based on a series of spontaneous Qigong
movements including directing Qi, and causing movements ad-
justing and rectifying deviations which are called
"Rectifying Body Method."
There are many kinds of spontaneous Qigong in Japan such as
Rectifying Body Exercise, Active Vitality Activities,
Directing Qi Method, Intiating Qi Method, Mutuall Activation
Activities, and Methods of Rectifying Body Exercise. The
purposes of these Qigong methods are to create exquisite,
profound, and well-organized, spontaneous movements in rec-
tifying the body, then gradually transferring unconscious
movements. This method has many similarities in its prin-
ciple to Chinese Qigong Methods. For instance, it em-
phasized directing Qi to certain points of the body,
regulating breathing frequency using the effect of internal
Qi on the circulation of blood in the body and mutually in-
ducing Qigong effects. However, this method has its awn
characteristics. Far instance, it can be practiced anytime
and anywhere. There are strict position requirements be-
sides. relaxation. While practicing, the thought is con-
centrated on the fingers of both hands and the fingers are
used to breath, which differs from Chinese Qigong. In the
practice of Qigong and ancient Chinese Buddhism, thoughts
were concentrated on the big tae of one foot. But con-
centration of thoughts on the fingers of both hands were
rarely the biological basis of this spontaneous Qigong. The
Japanese explanation is based an the distribution of weight
on the bottom of the feet when standing, stimulation of the
conducting wave shapes, and examination of body temperatures
in different parts of the body. Some other exercise methods
were used to cure disease from the Japanese Recovery Method.
Far example, prescriptions are given according to the
patient's physical condition. The exercise prescriptions
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and exercise treatments mentioned in Japanese Recovery
Medicine have similar movements with Qigong treatment. Good
curative effects have been achieved by these methods.
6. Qigong books published in Japan in recent years.
[1] "Ba Duan Jing - Traditional Chinese Health Promotion
Qigong Method" by [Yang Gu Yi Wen--transliteration of
Japanese surname].
[2] "Elementary Daoying Skills" by [Zao Dao Zheng Xong--
transliteration of Japanese surname], (Z"~ ,
Publisher).
[3] "Essentials of Daoying" by [Xi Ji Chuen Li Qie--
transliteration of Japanese surname], (Gu Kou,
Publisher).
[4] "Chinese Qigong Methods" by [Shan Ghong Ying--
transliteration of Japanese surname], (f ~ ,Publisher).
[5] "Magic Effects of Hand Closing Treatment" by [Qi Tian
Hong--transliteration of Japanese surname], (Dong Ming,
Publihher).
[6] "Quintessence of the Spiritual Method" by [Xiao Yie Tian
Da Zang--transliteration of Japanese surname], Bai
Jian, Publihher).
[7] "Elementary Qigong Skills" by [Chi Shong Zi--
transliteration of Japanese surname].
[8] "Five-Bird Sport" and "Yi Jing Gong."
[9] "Pithy Formulas of Daoying" by [Gong Xie Zhong Che--
transliteration of Japanese surname], (Gu Kou,
Publisher). -
[l0] "Method of Rectifying the Body" by [Gao Qiaa Di Xong--
transliteration of Japanese surname], (Gu Kou,
Publisher).
There have also been some Chinese books such as "Lectures of
Basic Taiji" by Li Deyin, published by the People's Health
Publishers and published in Japanese.
In summary', it is natural that Japanese doctors have changed
their emphasis to other medical activities and adapted and
absorbed Chinese Qigong to cure diseases due to the surplus
of doctors in Japan and the effects of the world-wide upris-
ing in recovery medicine. In the training of traditional
Japanese doctors, manipulation and finger-pressing and Judo
are all considered effective therapies and graduates are
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certified to give treatments. However, other therapies and
health promotion services are considered only as similar
"medical activities." It is not clear yet which category
Qigong is considered in. Because there have been no clear
and definite regulations on Qigong therapy by the Japanese
government, there are vey few Qigong masters in Japa~i.
Therefore it can be presumed that the development of
Japanese Qigong will mainly focus on teaching people Qigong
methods for self-treatment and the training of Japanese
Qigong masters. The Qigong Master's system should be
adapted. The most feasible Qigong treatment in Japan today
is to point the acupoints with Qigong, and massage by a mas-
seur to use acupoints in coordination with Qigong therapy.
The joint use of Qigong, acupuncture, and massage is the
first step in publicizing Qigong therapy in Japan.
The United States of America
The main reasons for recent Qigong popularity in the Unites
States are:
(1)
Acupuncture popularity in the U.S. after President
Nixon's visit to China, which indirectly caused Qigong
popularization.
(2) The love and dissemination of Qigong by American
Chinese.
(3)
Efficiency of Chinese Qigong and its extended effects
and the development of Qigong study.
(4) Chinese Gongfu and martial arts popularity in the U.S.
(5) Frequent cultural exchanges between U.S and China.
(6) Fear of medical treatments, the increase of non-medical
therapies and health promotion recovery medicine.
(7) Traditional and cultural intentions worldwide.
There are many other factors.
The study of Chinese Qigong in the U.S. started very early.
But the earliest studies were on Taijiquan and martial arts.
In the eighteenth century, people studied Taijiquan from the
angle of Qigong.
In 1981, Simon Wyard's article "Taijiquan and Chinese inter-
nal Qigong" was published. in Chinese Medicine in America.
The author had studied Taijiquan far six years from Ms. Rose
Li in the U.S. and gained experience. In his article, he
reviewed the development of Qigong history in China, and in-
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troduced two systems in Chinese martial arts. He pointed
out that external Qi is mostly from attacking Qigong methods
that emphasize speed and muscle tension. Secondly, while
internal Qi refers to the circulation of vital energy, it
helps relax the heart and is closely related to the channel
and collateral system and the nervous system. He also
pointed out that Taiji actually is a form developed from
Qigong. "Baduanjing is a practical example which includes
special Qigong methods that can strengthen internal organs."
He put the forms of Qigong into three categories: (1)
Warm-up regulating position, (2) regulating breathing, (3)
mind regulating. He considered these as the key points of
internal Qigong. The purpose of Qigong is to stimulate the
original Qi, to strengthen the body, improve immunity and
the ability of adapting the external environment, and the
recovery of damaged internal organs.
Lastly, he summarized that "Taiji, to the Chinese, is an
easy and beautiful art of exercise but to Westerners seems
very mysterious because of its slow motion and unusual
postures."
Another article named "Hua Tuo" by Giorami Maciocia was pub-
lished in a Chinese medicine magazine in America in October
of 1980. The author pointed out that Hua Tuo was the first
Chinese to have discovered the internal Qigong exercise.
This may have caused the development of Taijiquan in martial
arts history. It is obvious that Giovani Maciocia con-
sidered the Five-Bird Exercise to be the earliest form of
Qigong, which is the basis of all Qigong methods.
Gang Fu magazine also published an article by Yang Junming
called "Qigong, the ancient heritage of Chinese Martial
Arts." The article reviewed the historical development of
four schools of Chinese Qigong, Confucianism, Medical
School, Daoism, and Buddhism.
The author cited discussions about Qigong from medical docu-
ments such as "Huang Di Neijing," "Ru Men Shi Jiao" and
"Lion Shi Mi Chang." He pointed out that the organic com-
bination of Qigong and martial arts could increase the ef-
fects of promoting health and also cause the formation of
all kinds of Qigong methods which was the main point of the
Dong and Jing Qigong combination in Chinese Qigong.
In 1984, Chinese Qigong in America introduced important con-
tributions to Chinese Qigong and the martial arts by a
Chinese Qigong master named Warang Xnan Jie. The title of
the article is "Summary of Qigong Discussions." It briefly
summarized Chinese Daoism, Buddhism, and Qigong.
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In 1982, Sitting Meditation was popular in the U.S. Even
though it was introduced from India more than ten years
before, it was promoted by the popularization of Chinese
Qigong. By 1986, more than 100,000 Americans were practic-
ing Qigong. Qigong methods practiced included Sitting
Meditation, Healthy Breathing Preservation Method,"
"Relaxation Therapy and Biological Feedback, etc. Americans
studied the effects and principles of these methods. For
instance, Dr. Elinore Falson analyzed changes in metabolism
of people who practiced Sitting Meditation. He concluded
that Sitting Meditation is a good way to treat mental
illnesses and ulcers of the digestive system.
Dr. Wallace held that the biologicl and psychological
changes caused by Sit In Meditation were related to the in-
dications of the fourth consciousness. In addition, experi-
ments on 40 Sit In Meditation practitioners conducted by Dr.
Wallace and Benson indicated that after 5 to 10 minutes of
Sit In Meditation, the amount of air consumed by the subject
decreased 17~ which was the same change as in a seven hour
deep sleep. The density of lactic acid in the blood
decreased and the skin resistance and ~ waves increased,
which shows that the skin was highly relaxed.
Clinical studies of Qigong and its mechanism were started in
the early 1960's. For instance, in 1960 while Doctors
Marinasi and Huland were treatng some patients who had
apoplexy and damaged exopathic nerves, they found that when
the electro-muscle grams of the patient's damaged tissues
were changed into information that could be received by the
senses of seeing and hearing and affected the patients them-
selves through the patientls conscious activities, their
conditions improved.
In 1964, they created the "Biological Daily Feedback Method"
which consists of an electro-skin resistance feedback meter,
a blood pressure feedback device, a skin temperature feed-
back meter, and an electromuscle feedback meter. The
Biological Daily Feedback Method Association was founded in
1970 and its yearbook has been published every subsequent
year.
It was reported that in the past two years this method has
had very good effects. For example, a 10 year old child
named Greta Ballby had a malignant tumor in his brain. He
could not have an operation because of the location of the
tumor. It was said that he could only live for six months.
However, he started to use the Biological Daily Feedback
Method to fight the illness with unique spiritual will.
Each day he screened in his mind the fighting of the tumor
for 25 minutes. After eight months of treatment, his condi-
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tion appeared to be better. After another two month, his
malignant tumor disappeared. It could not be seen anymore
when his brain was scanned.
The opposite method from the Biological Daily Feedback
Method is a psychological experiment conducted in the U.S.
that indicated that evil thoughts could be poisonous. When
a person has evil thoughts, certain fluids in his body turn
to poisons and permeate the organs. When a person exhales
air into a glass tube in a cold cup, it coagulates. If the
person had been feeling grievances, violent rage, jealousy,
or hostility, the air exhaled turns into different colors
releasing poison which can kill a mouse in a few minutes.
Moreover, American biological research information indicates
that when a person is standing, there is warm air flow a few
feet high above his head and shoulders. This air flow could
not be-seen by human eyes but it could be recorded by spe-
cial display camera equipment. It looked like a candle
light flickering. The air flow from each person is dif-
ferent. Its characteristics depend greatly on a person's
health.
Dr. David Eisenber, a Chinese medicine specialist from Har-
vard University, explained Qigong in his new book; "Qigong
is a synthetical phenomenon of introspection that is equally
distant and equally permeable.. A discussion between
biologists from Harvard and West Germany indicates that "a
resistant system will improve immunity."
In 1982, Professor Ai Zhen Luo Mu from the Psychology
Department of the University of Virginia, published an ar-
ticle in Pain Magazine titled "Relaxation Treatment and
Analgesia" which describes the testing of 119 people. The
results indicate that effects from the relaxation training
group were much better than the relaxation indicator group
and the attention transforming group.
At the Rockefeller University Foundation in New York,
another experiment analyzing 500 Qigong treatments given to
patients with hypertension was conducted. Results indicate
that 75$ of the patient's conditions improved remarkably.
Qigong also had curative effects on heart disease caused by
lack of blood and Dou Xing Zao Bo--transliteration of
Chinese term].
In the U.S., Qigong has also been used as treatment far can-
cer and drug addicted patients. It has been proven that
Qigong waves could control the addiction of a drug user.
In addition, many American scholars have visited China to
observe Chinese Qigong in the past ten years and made
academic exchanges. ~ Far instance, visits by an American
delegation of doctors studying acupuncture and biology, Dr.
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Kottky from Lohida University, a delegation from the medical
school of Harvard University (lead by Dr. Herbert Benson) to
Beidaihe and Zhejian provinces, all promoted Qigong's
popularity in the U.S.
It shduld be noted that another Qigong-trend in the U.S. ap-
peared among American Chinese. For example, Qigong ac-
tivities in Chinese rural areas include all kinds of Qigong
training classes and Qigong practice in public places which
propagates Chinese Qigong. Qigong masters from mainland
China have been invited many times by the Chinese American
Association to the U.S. to teach Qigong methods. Many
Qigong associations and organizations have been founded such
as the American-Chinese Qigong Research Association of
Health Promotion and Life Preservation, and the All-American
Association of Chinese National Arts, etc.
Some Chinese papers also promote the propagation and
reporting of the medical and health promotion effects of
Qigong. Many American Chinese are actively taking part in
Qigong studies and its application. For instance, Mr. Chan
Kangjian invented a device for entering the aquiescent state
in Qigong practice. Dr. Shen Shoura tested the changes of
the body when Qigong is practiced with a fault scanner to
prove that Qigong is scientific.
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