COLLECTED WORKS ON QIGONG SCIENCE (VOLUME 1)

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00792R000200270001-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 370
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 28, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 1, 1988
• Content Type: OPEN

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Collected Works on Qigong Science
(Volume 1)
Edited by Hu Hangchang and Wu Qihui
Beijing University of Science and Engineering Press
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Contents
Today And Furture-Some thoughts About Qigong
........................... Zhang Zhenhuan, Tao page*4
4
Experimental Research About the Neural Mechanisms
Of Qigong State And The Effects Of The Emitted Qi
Liu Guolong, Cui Rongqing et ale-11
Initial Approached On Neural Mechanisms Of Qigong
State Take Auditory Evoked Responses As Index
Cui Rongqing, Liu Guolong e 23
...................
The Evoked Electrospinograph And Somatosensory Evoked
Potential Changes On Qigong State p%e 36
.............................. Peng Xueyan, Liu Guolong.
The Mutli-Information Processing Of EEG Under
The Action Of Qigong
Wu Qiyao, Huang Kunhuo et 'al
The Application Of AR Model In Feature Extraction
Of EEG In Superquiescenceo 65
.............................. Hong Zhi, Hu Zhongji tt `~J
EEG Coherence And Topograpy In Superquiescence
State ........................ Wang Wei, Zou Bomin et al p%e 79
The Analysis Of The EEG Chaos During Train-Qigong
Process ........................ Hu Xiehe, Hu Zhongji page 99
X .X
The Effects Of Qi On The Raman Spectra Of Tap Water,
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Saline And Glucose Solution me 106
Yan Xin, Li Shengping 8t al
The Effects Of Qi On The Polarization Plane Of A Laser
Beam ..................... Yan, Xin, Lu Zuyin et ale 118
The Influences Of Qi On The Phase Behaviors Of pag
Liposome And Liqui Crystal e 13 5
Van Xin, Zhao Nanming eta
The Hyperchromic Effect Of Nucleic Acid Solution
page 144
Induced By Qigong ... Yan Xin, Zheng Changxue et at
The Disproportionation Of CO And H Mixture In-
duced By Qigong ...... Yan Xin, Li Shengping et at page 159
The Substitution Of n-Hexane By Bromine Induced
By Qigong ......... Yan Xin, Li Shengping et al page 17 3
The Initial Observation Of Qigong On The Affect OF
Reaction Of Some free Radical
Guo, Shuhao, Zhang Zuqi et at page 183
Analysis On EEG Power Spectrum During Qigong
States And The Effect Of The Emitted Qi Released 193
By Qigong Master ...... Niu Xin, Liu guolong et at pe e
The Influence Of Emitted Qi On The Auditory Brainstem
Evoked Responses And Auditory Middle Latency
Evoked Responses In The Cat pege 206
., Liu Guolong, Wan Pei et al
Fine Structural Observation Of Emitted Qi Effective
On Cancer Of Lung Of Mouse pt--e 216
Feng Lida, Guan Yingpeng et at
Molecular Biological Effects Of Emitted Qi On Man pe338
Luo Sen, Chai Shaoai et al
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The observation of Emistted Qi on the cytoplasm
activity of the Hydrilla verticillata ...... Zhang Zuai. Ike 221
The Probe of Measuring the Biological Effects of External
Qi of Qi of QiGong by the Skill of Tradescantic Pulo-
dusa Micronucleus ............... Sun Situ, Tao chun ge 229
Visualizion Study of effects of Emitted Qi
.............................. Luo Minghui, Yan Mingshan ge 233
The Research of Electron magnetic waves Radiation by
Man Body ..................Wang Yiyun, Zhang pqge 238
Experimental Research About The Infrasonic Characte-
ristics of Qigong and Psi pev
E7 247
........................ Zhu Zhongxiang, Wang Xiobi et at
y1x
Effects of Qigong on`Excretion of Urinary Catechola-
mines ........................ Tang Cimei, Yu Xixiang F-ege 260
The Effects of Qigong on Stress responses
........................ Tang Cimei, Zheng Lianxing et at , page 265
The Bidirectional Adjustment of Daoyin Tuna Qigong
(DTQ) on the Areterieal Blood Pressure and Heart Ike 275
Rate ............... Qin Chao, Feng Yangzheng et at
Observation on the Effect of Lowerinc Blood Fat pEjge279
by Qigong of "TUNA DAOYIN" ... Liu Yuanliang
Primary Study of EtTects of "Qi Moving Method" on Some
Functional Indexes of Endocrinopathy of Children ;e284
........................ Hu Mingyou, Yang Yunliang et at Effects of Zhoutian Minmen Gong on Malignant Tumour
Luo Sen, Tong Tianmin et at rage 288
The Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism Approach of
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Eye's Qigong exercise to Treat Myopia page, 2%
........................ Wang Yuqin, Zhang Guifang et al
Preliminary Study on Qigong and Immunity
.............................. Xu Hefen, Qi Yuegin et al
Y:? X
Chinese Qigong and Synergetics .................. Li Fuli
A Trial of the Phenomenological Theory of Jing-Luo
................................................... Hu Haichang
The Influence of Qigong On Stefan-Boltzmann Law
................................................ Xie Huanzhang
The Statistical Treatment of the Experimental Results
with Emitted Qi ..................... Lu Zuyin, Li Tipei
paged
page 313
page 326
page 346
page 361
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Summary of Contents
This collection was compiled by an editorial group from the China Qigong Science Re-
search Committee and the editorial committee of the Journal of Qigong Science. They com-
piled papers selected from those presented at the first All-China Qigong Science Academic
Exchange Conference held in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province in August 1987 and ones
from after the Xingcheng conference which are representative of qigong research. There is
a total of 36 articles, reflecting the situation and achievements of current scientific research
into gigong. The publication of this edition will help to strengthen academic exchanges in
gigong science and promote further advances in scientific research into qigong.
This collection is aimed at those engaged in qigong science, researchers in the sciences
of the human body and life sciences, those with a love of promoting qigong, and those
who have benefited from its practice.
Collected Works on Qigong Science
(Volume 1)
Edited by Hu Haichang and Wu Qihui
Published by the Beijing University of Science and Engineering Press
Distributed by the Xinhua Bookstore Distribution Office Sold at all Xinhua bookstores
Printed by the National Defense Science and Technology Industry Commission Press
787 x 1092 mm 32 mo 12.625 inset 1 273,000 characters
First published February 1989 First Printing February 1989
ISBN 7-81013-189-3/Q.2
Copies printed: 1-5000 volumes Fixed price: 4.90 Yuan
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Qigong in our country has a long history and an immensely deep foundation among the
masses. The number of persons in China who have studied, cared about, and loved qi-
gong reaches into the tens of millions. Moreover it has attracted widespread attention from
many well-known scientists both here and abroad. In particular, since 1978 a large number
of scientific workers in China have been working to combine traditional qigong and mod-
ern science and use modern scientifed techniques and methods to study gigong. Towards
this end they have conducted much testing and have extensively begun research into the ef-
fects of gigong in physiology, biology, biochemistry, physics, and other areas. This re-
search has forcefully proven the objective nature and value of qigong and taken this ancient
Chinese treasure - the continuation and development of gigong - and pushed it to to a
new stage of modern qigong science research.
Noted scientist Qian Xuesen has highly praised the significance, position, and future of
modem qigong science research. He correctly points out that "qigong science is a new
scientific high technology" and predicted that gigong science research will give birth to " a
new scientific revolution". Guidance and support from Qian Xuesen, Bel Shizhang, Zhao
Zhongyao, and others of the old generation of scientists has urged China's gigong science
research on further to deeper, broader developments. Today, more and more experts from
all professions are joining the ranks of the researchers and cooperating closely with the qi-
gong world to go forward hand in hand, strengthening China's qigong science research
day by day.
In August 1987, the first meeting of the All-China Qigong Science Academic Exchange
Conference was held in Xingcheng, Liaoning Province. It appropriately reflected the ac-
complishments in China's qigong science research over the past several years and received
great attention from every part of society. In order to satisfy the great readership's study
and research demands, the China Qigong Science Research Committee and the editorial
committee of the Journal of Qigong Science compiled this collection from papers selected
from those presented at the Xingcheng conference and ones published afterwards which are
representative of Qigong research. We believe that this book will help to strengthen aca-
demic exchanges in qigong science and promote further advances in scientific research into
gigong. From now on we will continue to use the vehicles of "collections" and "journals"
to reflect the state and achievements of current scientific research into qigong to our read-
ers.
This volume was edited by Hu Haichang and Wu Qihui. Also participating in the com-
pilation were Xie Huanzhang, Tao Zulai, Wang Yonghuai, and others.
The collection editorial group of the China Qigong Science Research Committee
and the editorial committee of the Journal of Qigong Science.
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Today and Future - Some Thoughts on Qigong
Zhang Zhenhuan and Tao Zulai
At present, the tide of qigong is surging in China. Experimental observations of the
many aspects of the "qi state" have greatly opened up understanding of our own selves and
lives. The experimental verification of the effects of qigong on different levels has further
moved people towards a vast and hope-filled frontier. Sciences experimental proof has
opened a great door for ancient qigong to flow into the present age.
With the gradual dissolution of the dark clouds of of "magic" and feudal superstition
which covered it, a vast, mass-style qigong movement is now arising in China. Mass-style
practices numbering in the millions are having benefits and effects for society which are
difficult to estimate. Qigong is entering deeply into thousands upon thousands of house-
holds, deeply influencing people's lives, and becoming an indispensible component of life.
The needs of society are illuminating the youthful vigor of qigong. Many people with
unrevealed talents and amazing abilities have gradually had these talents brought to light.
Not a few elders, inactive for many years, have thrived when the time came for them to act.
The world of qigong, which has lain quiet for the last hundred years, has begun to revive.
People are using new eyes to reexamine ancient and mystical qigong and to recognize anew
an ancient Oriental culture.
Correspondingly, there has been a fundamental change in qigong's position in society.
Ten years ago, the gigong waking exercises in the public parks were looked on as witch-
craft and suffered suspicion and attacks. Today the entire nation, from the central govern-
ment down through the provinces, municipalities, districts, and counties has established gi-
gong research committees or qigong associations. Moreover, the State Education
Commission has stipulated that qigong be entered into the state educational track. Qigong
courses have also been entered in the guide of the State Natural Sciences Foundation and it
has gained first place within the field of scientific research. What a change in only ten
years!
This series of changes signifies that the development of our nation's qigong profession
has entered a new stage. In this new stage it is demanded of us that we make a historical
examination from the height of development of human civilization. This requires us to
make a realistic estimate of the course we have walked and to carry out a strategic consider-
ation of our future path. The key to the problem is comprehension of "gigong" and an un-
derstanding of the relationship between "qigong" and the future development of human civ-
ilization.
So just what is it that we call qigong? We consider that since the qigong state is the state
possessed by the movement of human life. So qigong is a treasure common to all of hu-
inanity. In the different periods of the development of human civilization it has has differ-
ing historical connotations. Indeed, in remote antiquity the practice of qigong was our an-
cestor's basic method of understanding the world and of improving themselves (through
scholarly study and moral cultivation). And indeed it was hugely useful in the creation and
development of ancient civilization. However, owing to the limitations of methodology
and the restrictions of historical conditions, it underwent a transformation during the long
feudal period from "higher learning" to "practices"; gradually it descended into the realm of
religion and was demoted to being the handmaiden of theology. And it tended to decline
under the impact of modern culture. However, it was exactly the modem scientific tech-
niques representing the high development of modern civilization which gradually revealed
the limitations of the methodological foundation of modern civilization and aroused peo-
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pie's interest in ancient Oriental civilization. In addition, the veil of mystery was also grad-
ually lifted by a series of rigorous scientific exaninations of phenomena which are unex-
plainable but which do exist; this allowed qigong to return to earth from dreamworld of the
beyond. Not only that, but the high development of science and technology and modern
civilization has laid the material foundation for a leap by humanity to a future civilization
which takes the human body and life as its object. As Marx said "In actuality, the realm of
freedom only begins where the labor which is stipulated as necessary by essentials and ex-
ternal purposes ends; according to the value of things, it is that which lies on the far shore
of the realm of true material production". "Only on the far shore of this realm can develop-
ment of the human ability, with its self as the goal, the realm of true freedom, begin.
Moreover, the realm of freedom will only begin to flourish when it is established on this
necessary foundation." Therefore with the view of the future development of human civili-
zation with humanity's own potential as the goal, the significance of qigong lies in that for
the life of man's own self, it is the path from the realm of necessity to the realm of free-
dom.
"A jouney of a thousand miles begins with a single step". The future leap from
"necessity " to "freedom" starts with our beginning to practice today. For gigong, this in-
cludes three areas:
ONE Increase qigong science research and bring on the scientific revolution of the
future.
True, fundamental differences in methodology and epistemology exist between the
study of qigong and modern science which at present are difficult to reconcile. Under these
conditions, it is difficult to fit qigong and the study of qigong within the scope of modern
science and "science-ize" it. This would be impossible as well as unnecessary. We say
that modern science is incapable of encompassing gigong. This is not to imply the elimina-
tion of scientific research into qigong; on the contrary, it is only through forceful develop-
ment of multidisciplinary combined research into qigong phenomena, while keeping in
mind the fundamental methodological differences between the two, that the study of qigong
and modern science will be able to combine to reach new heights. This is because:
(1) The movements of human life are a combination of many forms of mechanical,
physics, chemical, and biological and mental movements. With so many different types of
movement it is only possible to gain a true understanding of them by using the appropriate
corresponding methods. The sage Laozi said "use the body to observe the body, use the
home to observe the home, use the village to observe the village, use the nation to observe
the nation, and use the world to observe the world". This has the same meaning as what
we just discussed. Thus the rather low levels of the movements and changes of state in-
volved in gigong necessitate using modern scientific methods to study them; the methods of
traditional qigong study are no substitute. Only on the basis of gradually solving the low-
levels and parts of the problem will it be possible to penetrate to the higher levels and ex-
pose the heart of qigong. This is the only correct way to pose the problem, and correctly
posing the problem is always half of the solution.
(2) Only by "using a rigorously scientific eye in examining these inexplicable yet incon-
testable phenomena" can the existance of these mysterious phenomena be confirmed by-
scientific proofs. And only then will qigong be freed from the chains and fetters of feudal
superstition. These are the conditions necessary for venerable gigong to be accepted by
modern times and modern peoples. The history of qigong since the establishment of the
Peoples Republic of China is enough to explain this point.
(3) With out proof from modern scientific experiments as to the existance of the
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between qigong phenomena and the theories of modern science, existing scientific norms,
and the foundations of the methodology of modern science. And in the process, gradually
establish methodological norms for qigong science research so as to make preparations for
the transformations of the future.
(3) Find applications. The scope of applications for qigong is extremely broad. While
we are displaying qigong's uses in harmonizing the mind and body, building health, and
eliminating disease, we should particularly stress: for young people, the wise development
and improvement of the quality of the entire race; urging the building of spiritual civiliza-
tion; and combining qigong and modem science for direct application to production practic-
es and to creating even greater economic benefits. If one wishes to find the main avenue of
attack for qigong science research for the present, then we feel that there two points are the
major topics for present qigong research. In this area, the experiment to refine strains of
bacteria which Li Shengping of Qinghua University and Doctor Yan Xin collaborated on
was an extremely valuable attempt. If it had been able to actually apply it to production
practices it would have opened a new area for work on qigong.
We advocate that scientists and qigong experts cooperate closely, with consciousness,
purpose, and planning, to develop every area of work in scientific experiments and produc-
tion experiments. The future prospects are extremely enticing and the road ahead is a very
wide one.
TWO With a foothold in the present and an eye on the entirety of China's ancient civil-
ization, establish a theoretical system for the traditional study of qigong to accord with the
needs of the present.
Our ancestors left us a rich legacy in qigong. It is without a doubt a magnificent treas-
ure. To systematically discover, sift through, and carry on this precious legacy is indeed a
major duty of the present-day work in qigong; it is also where our superiority lies. How-
ever, classical qigong has cumbersome and jumbled systems, a multiplicity of different
schools, and bears deep historical branding. Therefore, faced with this abundant treasury
we must first decide a question of how to carry it onwards. If this question is answered
poorly then this rich legacy will become a millstone around our necks, making it impossible
for us to take a step and leaving us at a loss as to what to do.
How then should we treat the legacy of ancient qigong? The key lies in two points,
where to plant our feet and where to direct our gaze. For the former, we must have both
feet planted in the present, and as for the latter, we feel that we should keep the entirety of
China's ancient civilization in view.
To plant our feet in the present is simply to be based in the needs of modern man vis a
vis qigong, and to have a foothold in modern civilization and in the social practices of mod-
ern man. What the present age needs from qigong is to see qigong as understanding the
entirety of the motions of life in man as well as one kind of effective method in the relations
between man and nature, and to see it as realizing self control over the motions of life of his
own body. It needs to see qigong as the way from the realm of necessity into the realm of
freedom, but not as a means of ascending to the heavens as a Taoist immortal or achieving
nirvana as a buddha. The reform of goals, the progress of civilization, and the develop-
ment of society must be directed towards the evolution of qigong itself. Historical research
tells us that gigong in any historical period bears the brand of that era. As anexample,
take this short passage from the "The Yellow Emperor's Secret Scripture ' Simple Ques-
tions ' Discussions on Ancient Heavenly Truths : The Yellow Emperor said, I have heard
that in far ancient times there were true sages who beheld heaven and earth, who grasped
the Yin and the Yang, who breathed pure qi, who independantly watched over gods,
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whose flesh and muscles were as one, .......; in near ancient times, there were virtuous
sages who were pure in virtue and completely in the Way, in harmony with the Yin and
Yang, harmonized to the four seasons, rid of the world and apart from worldly things.
They accumulated purity to be fully gods, walked between heaven and earth, saw and
heard beyond the eight directions. This was of excellent benefit to their longevity and life,
both of which were strong, and they likewise belonged to the sages. In the present times
there are worthies, who can follow the ways of heaven and earth, appear as the sun and
moon, distinguish between the stars and planets, go with or against the Yin and Yang, dis-
tinguish the four seasons, do as in ancient times, and be in accordance with the Way.
They also cause their life to be long. In the present times there are wise men, beyond the
harmony of heaven and earth, following the reasonings of the eight winds, pursuing de-
sires for worldly things, possessed of a heart without worry or anger, and travelling with-
out desiring to leave this world. With ceremonial dress he lifts up his hands, not wishing
to look upon worldly things. On the outside there is no appearance of weariness with af-
fairs, on the inside there are no thoughts about evil; he carries out his affairs with tranquili-
ty and does labor with contentment. His body is not worn down and his spirit is not dissi-
pated; he too will live to be one hundred." This short passage makes use of the mouth of
the legendary Yellow Emperor. It discusses, in summary, the evolution of qigong in the
short historical period from far antiquity up to before the destruction of all the books by the
Qin, the First Emperor [3rd century B.C.]. From the true sages through to the wise men,
the societal content of qigong has grown and become more important. The evolution of qi-
gong clearly bears the traces of human social development and thr porgress of material civ-
ilization. From the past to today this short passage tells us that when we speak of continu-
ing the legacy of China's ancient qigong, we must remain rooted in the present and be
intelligent in coming up with new ideas! The goal of this continuation lies in creating new
ideas, as it is only through new ideas that we can continue.
As for the problem of where to fix our gaze, just as we stated above the practice of qi-
gong was one of the basic means by which the ancients understood the world. Thus qi-
gong is inseparable from Chinese classical culture's theory of knowledge and methodolo-
gy. It was one of the inseparable components of ancient Chinese culture. Establishing a
theoretical system for classical qigong therefore requires that we look upon the whole of
China's ancient culture from the viewpoint that it is "learning" (that is to say,as a branch of
higher learning rather than a type of sleight of hand). A systematic uncovering and order-
ing must conducted from the full breadth and depth of history. We absolutely cannot limit
our vision to the formulas in qigong's treatises and secret works, otherwise we will find it
difficult indeed to throw off its stereotype as a "magic art" and might be pulled down into
the whirpool of interfactional competition.
It should also be pointed out that establishing a theoretical system for traditional qigong
and perpetuating the legacy of ancient qigong does not in any way run counter to scientific
research into qigong; on the contrary, it is complementary. In fact, it is precisely the exis-
tential proof of qigong provided by modern scientific experiments and the establishment of
the concept of the "qigong state" which provide us with the basis from which to reacquaint
ourselves with qigong and with China's ancient culture.
THREE Widespread, multi-level, multi-aspected mass-style practice of qigong is the
foundation for China's qigong work.
This includes three major areas:
(1) Popularize qigong, so as to let even more people have the experience of qigong
practice. In particular, we want to let more people with a high level of attainment in the
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modem scientific culture to have the experience of practicing qigong, so that the two meth-
ods of understanding the world can be combined organically in the very selves of the peo-
ple who practice them. This may the most effective road to facilitating the merging of these
two opposite and mutually antagonistic methodologies. With a group of people experi-
enced in both practices, we will then be able to form an "organized and accepted" set of
standards and guiding pronciples.
(2) Bring together qigong practices and the social practices of modem man in order to
improve the quality of man and to raise the quality factors of people's lives, thus uniting qi-
gong practice with the eventual goal of human civilization - to make people's lives better
and thus inevitably bringing great social benefits and influences. In this area, it is worth-
while to draw lessons from the ways of improving one's body, cultivating one's mind, and
control one's qi of the pre-Qin dynasty Confucians.
(3) Make qigong a discipline combining traditional qigong techniques and modern
scientific techniques and apply it to the health of mind and body, intellectual development,
and to direct production practices for directly creating prosperity for society. It must be
noted that these three areas all depend on modern scientific research into qigong opening
the way. And therefore strengthening scientific research into qigong is not merely for the
needs of the present or for a tactical defence, but a strategic direction, a long-term plan. We
must organize and lead the way for the world.
To conclude, let us remember a good passage from Xunzi; he said: "If small strides do
not accumulate, they cannot reach to a thoudand miles; if small streams do not accumulate,
they cannot form rivers and oceans; the thoroughbred leaps once, then cannot take ten
steps; the nag makes ten drives, and its effort is not exhausted. If you carve until you are
tired you will not cut even rotted wood, but if you carve without flagging then even metal
and stone can be engraved." Only if we walk without resting and carve without flagging
in experiments in qigong science, in popularizing mass-style qigong training, in practicing
applying qigong in medicine, teaching, and production, in discovering, ordering, and reac-
quainting ourselves with classical qigong theories, and in practicing perpetuation and crea-
tiveness in qigong will our droplets join into streams and run to form seas and take human
civilization surging to a new peak.
"One without profound aspirations cannot shine brightly"; one who does not fear be-
coming absorbed in work must have "achievements most glorious"!
(This paper was read by Chairman of the Board Zhang of the China Qigong Science Re-
search Committee at the establishment ceremony of the China Qigong Science Research
Center on May 5th, 1988.)
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Experimental Research On The Qigong State And The Effects
Of Emitted Qi on Neural Mechanisms
Liu Guolong Cui Rongqing Niu Xin Peng Xueyan
(Beijing College of Traditional Medicine)
The history of qigong is a long one, flowing with a multitude of varying schools. In
applications for strengthen the body, removing disease, and other applications there is little
difference between them. According to the different ends for qigong, it can be differentiat-
ed into the two major categories of internal and external. No matter whether one are speak-
ing of internal qigong or external qigong, it can be seen that there is a particular functional
state which is the basis of the body's normal functional state; it is called the qigong state.
The qigong state characteristic of internal gong is that of entering into tranquility. External
gong has as its characteristic the dissemination of qi or the emission of external qi. The
former is called the internal qigong state; the latter is the external qigong state. Both the in-
ternal and external qigong states can bring into play latent functions which the organism is
not able to manifest under normal conditions - a supranormal state. One can assume that
the internal qigong state, the external qigong state and the human body's extraordinary fun-
tions are special functional states which probably have a similar basis but which manifest
themselves in different forms or at different functional levels. It is common knowledge that
every function of the human body is controlled by the nervous system. Therefore to ex-
pound on the substance of the special functional state which is the qigong state, one must
first research the functional conditions of the the central nervous system under the qigong
state. This may be one of the major means of removing the "veil of mystery" from qigong.
In his paper entitled "The Science Of The Human Body Is A Major Discipline in the
Modern Science and Technology System", Professor Qian Xuesen correctly points out that
the excellent functions of qigong in the human body are animportant content of the science
of the human body, and that qigong is a particular functional state of the human body. Dis-
cussion of the qigong functional state provides important guidance for using modern
science and technology to research the mechanisms of qigong. (1)
The high degree of coordination of an organism's functions is effected by the central
nervous system. This function's manifestation uses the nervous system's most basic active
forms, excitation and restraint-the relative balances of the nerve process-as its basis.
The state of normal function is in setting the balance of the normal functions using feedback
under automatic control, which are constantly set within a relative balance which is hard to
exceed. If this boundary is crossed, then there is an abnormality. For instance, the mecha-
nisms of metabolic balance, arterial pressure, heart rate, and body temperature are constant
and relative. When these functions are in the special functional state of the qigong state,
they produce something, under the control of the central nervous system, which is unattain-
able under normal conditions: new relative balances-the special qigong state. This func-
tional state may express a lower than normal function state or it may express a higher than
normal function state, or even extraordinary capabilities. Yoga, for instance, can maintain
an organism in long-term existance under low-oxygen conditions, possibly by using a low-
er than normal function state in lowering its metabolic balance and reducing its level of oxy-
gen consumption. Under the qigong state the organism would produce greater than normal
capability, enabling it to endure strong shocks under abnormal conditions. The extention
of external qi is one manifestation of an organism's supra-normal function state; it is pro-
duced as a type of biological information. As to what emitted (or external) qi is, is present-
ly still a secret, but it can at least be affirmed that external qi does subjectively exist, that it
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is of value, and that it contains certain energy level "information". It can not only be emit-
ted from the human body, but can at the same time be received by the body and produce
subjective effects. Not only is it the product of a supra-normal function state, but at the
same time it is also biological information about the changes in the organism's functional
state. At present, measurements of the effects of external qi using modern scientific tech-
nology have already discovered infrared radiation, electromagnetism, and other effects
which occur in conjunction with emitted qi. This is only one objective proof of the materi-
al nature of external qi, and it is still far from explaining its essence and its effects. Prob-
ing into the effects of external qi in physics, chemistry, and biology, therefore, will be of
great benefit in further understanding what external qi is. Lu Zuyin of Qinghua University
and others have used advanced scientific techniques to persuasively prove the material na-
ture and objective effects of emitted qi. They discovered that emitted qi can cause deflec-
tion of liquid crystal rays and used laser raman spectrography determination to prove that
emitted qi can produce changes in water, 0.9% NaC1, 5% Glucose, and other chemical
compounds (2,3). Similar methods were also used to investigate the changes which emitted
qi produced in the structure of artificial lipid (DPPC) membranes (4,5). These experiments
proved the objective effects of emitted qi at the biological molecular level. Feng Lida and
others have used cell immunology techniques and electron microscope techniques to ob-
serve the biological effects of external qi at the cellular level (6,7). It is commonly known
that the cell is the basic unit of the life activities of living things. External qi's effect on
cells and biological membranes must certainly change the cell's funtioning. Bioelectrical
phenomena is a major characteristic of excited cell activity; the regular pattern of external
qi's changes of cell bioelectric activity is predictable. To sum up, is is reasonable to recog-
nize that the qigong state is a special functional state of the human body and it is very prob-
ably based on and produced by regular patterns of activity at the molecular and cell level.
Our laboratory employed methods of neuroelectrical biology, using changes in the evoked
potential of the central nervous system and the potential of brain's own electrical emissions
(EEG) as an index, to quite systematically observe the internal qi state, external qi state,
and emitted qi through the different levels of the peripheral nervous system, spinal cord,
brain stem, and cerebral cortex. This was in an attempt to lay down a foundation for fur-
ther probing of the neural mechanisms of the qigong state.
ONE - The effects of internal qi on the evoked response of the cortex.
Stimulation of peripheral receptors, recorded on the surface of the scalp as changes in
electrical potential called evoked potential, can come from all types of stimulation, such as
sound, light flashes, pictures, and body-senses. Electrical potential evoked by different sti-
muli have a certain area and spatial distribution in the cortex, and thus the changes in poten-
tial which different stimuli evoke express the activity in different regions of the cortex.
This experiment used all types of different evoked responses as an indications by which to
make a fairly comprehensive observation of all sorts of changes in potential evoked from
the cortex by a qigong master doing qigong exercises before, during, and after the qigong
state. Changes in the components of the middle latent time (10-50ms) during the evoked
responses of the auditory region of the cortex were observed in a series of eleven test sub-
jects. The normal middle latent time of the auditory region of the cortex (MLR) is formed
from the three positive-negative-positive phase waves, or Po, Na, Pa, which belong to the
visual region of the cortex's primary response. When the test subjects entered the qigong
state, the three components all had decreases in different ranges, of which that of the Na
was the most pronounced, averaging a drop of 72%. All seemed to recover after the qi-
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gong state (see fig. 1, Q. In another eleven test subjects changes in components of the au-
ditory region of the cortex slow response (SVR), namely the long latent time (50-300ms),
was determined. The normal SVR is formed from the Pi, Ni, P2, N2, and N2 waves of
which the N2 component, with a latency of about 200ms, is the most stable. As with the
MLR, the eleven test subjects all manifested a range of decrease, of which there were two
series (fig. 1, E and F) in which it completely disappeared. The MLR and SVR of the
evoked responses of auditory region of the cortex both showed the inhibiting effect of the
qigong state (8,9).
The visual light flash evoked potential (VEP-F) and visual image evoked potential
(VEP-P) of twentysix test subjests was recorded using light flashes and images as stimuli
in order to observe the activity in the visual cortex during the qigong state (10,1 1). The nor-
mal VEP-F is formed from a series of polyphase waves (fig. 1, G); the normal VEP-P im-
age is relatively constant, and is expressed by each wave's phase and latent time: N60 (the
negative phase wave with a latent time of 60ms), P9o, Ni4o, P2oo, and N23o. After the test
subjects had entered the qigong state, every component of both the VEP-F and VEP-P suf-
fered a differing degree of inhibition (fig. 1, I,G, and H). It is already known that visual
stimulation evoked responses are produced in the cerebral cortex occipital region's primary
visual cortex and the secondary visual cortex of the temporal region. The contributing fac-
tors of the VEP-P image is now basically clear. The N6o comes from the afferent nerves at
the central depression of the retina and is sent by means of the electrical activity produced in
the [stria] of the primary visual cortex. The Nso uses the electrical activity of the [stria] cu-
neiform returning to the calcarine sulcus cortex at the rear. Although the forms of the N14o
and P2oo are explained. differently, they can basically be recognized as electrical activity
formed by vision passng to the cortex via feedback circuits or as a component of mental
activity. They are also recognized as being related to the process of handling visual infor-
mation in the cortex.
Using somatic stimulation, such as stimulating the electric potential activity of the so-
maticregion of the central neural evoked cortex, is called somatic evoked potential (SEP).
Normal SEP in the 200ms range can record a series of wave motions of electric potential
(fig. 1 I and J) which are named Pi, Ni, P2, N3, P3, N3, P4, and N4. Of these, P1, Ni,
P2, and N2 are the most-stable. Ni has a latent time of approximately 30ms, is produced
by the somatic sense organs' transmission impulses going through the hypothalamus to-
wards the cortex, and is the primary component of the SEP. There are differing explaina-
tions of the components behind it. N2 has a latent time of approximately 30ms. It proba-
bly arises from impulses travelling along the relatively low speed type A fibers from the
somatic sense organs. The components behind it are generally known to belong to the pri-
mary component of the cortical evoked potential. From tests with a series 21 subjects it
was seen in the great majority of them that when entering the qigong state all SEP compo-
nents exhibited differing degrees of inhibition, which was most pronounced in the N4 (fig.
1 Ib), but there were also a few subjects who showed differing degrees of increase (fig.I
Jh).
On the basis of all of the different types of sensor stimulation used above, tests of ob-
servation of the state of the cortical mechanisms during the qigong state prove that broad ar-
eas of the cortex exhibited major decreases in activity levels and were in various inhibited
states. Yet this inhibited state is was inhibition while the test subject was conscious. Qi-
gong theory describesit exactly in this manner. When a person is in the qigong state he can
"look withour seeing, hear withour listening"; this is actually the cortex being at various
levels, not a state of complete inhibition. This type of inhibited state is completely different
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from sleep. According to tests by Elliot (25) when a person is in the process of going from
waking to deep sleep, at the same time as the EEG changes accompanying sleep were pro-
duced, characteristic changes in SVR appeared. When the test subjects went from con-
sciousness into the beginning of stage II, the fluctuations in SVR increased markedly.
During stage II and afterwards, the SVR fluctuations could rise to several times the original
value and latent times lengthen notably. But changes in the SVR were indeed lower during
the qigong state and thereby strongly prove that the qigong state is not sleep. The increase
in SVR during sleep may suggest that while the cortex is in a state of extensive inhibition it
can maintain increases in the activity of various regions, or that it becomes an "alertness re-
gion" during sleep, or that because of the different time phasing of the cortex's state of in-
hibition it produces abnormal reactions to stimulation from the outside. This fact also ex-
plains why, when the cortex is in states of various degrees of inhibition, the distribution of
the inhibition is not at all even. The changes in SEP during the qigong state also point out
this fact: the changes in the body-sensory region of the cortex during the qigong state were
~- B C D
. *63NV 1ma83NV 0?5?VA"M' r0.63pV
ims bms . gars
J20NV
5Oms J20NV
5Oms
C
J2.5pVV
20ms 20ms
JSNV
SOJ5PV Y, Soma
z.SNY
2ms
Fig. 1 Evoked Potentials - All types.
a. Pre-gigong. b. Mid-gigong. c. Post-qigong
A-EcocbG, B-ABRs QCs MLRr D-PAP
E-SVR, F-SVR, G-VEP-Fi H-VEP-Pi
$-?--SEP; J--SEP: K-SCEP; L-SCEP
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mainly indicated by inhibition, but in certain test subjects they were manifested as increases
in activity. This explains that although the cortex mainly has inhibited activity during the
qigong state, it also may produce increases in activity under certain circumstances. This
fact has significance which cannot be overlooked in explaining how human autonomic
mechanisms can accept adjustment by the will and the reasoning behind the phrase "calm
the center and it will seek movement".
TWO - The effects on the auditory peripheral receptors and effectors.
Our experiments utilized the electrocochleogram (EcochG) as an index to observe the ef-
fects of the qigong state on the tips of the hearing receptors. We also used the posterior au-
ricular potential (PAP) as the index for the auditory reflex effector organs' auricular muscle
activity in exploring the effects of the qigong state on reflex effects. The EcochG is an ob-
jective index for understanding the auditory receptors and state of the capabilities of the au-
ditory nerves. The EcochG is composed of the cochlear microphonic potential (CM), syn-
thesized potential (SP), auditory neural movement potential (AP), and other components.
Figure IA includes the Ni, N2, and N3 waves of the SP and AP. The PAP is formed
from three phases waves named Pi, Ni, P2, N2, and P3 N3, as shown in figure I.D. The
rise in the Ecoch G shows that the auditory receptors entered a facilitory state, that is to say
auditory sensitivity rose. Moreover the rise in PAP showed auditory senses entering the
inferior colliculus, going through the facial muscle posterior auricular branch to the posteri-
or auricular muscle and stapes, changes in the sensitivity of the middle ear's sound trans-
mission system, are regulated by the feedback-type auditory capabilities. Because the
PAP's reflex center is located in the brain stem, increases in the PAP can also be seen as a
result of changes in the brain stem.
THREE - The effects of the qigong state on brain stem evoked response and on the
functions of blood vessels in the heart.
It is commonly known that the activities of the internal organs are controlled from the
autonomic nervous center; they are not under voluntary control. After qigong has been
practised to certain levels, entering the qiong state not only affects the activities of the inter-
nal organs but even effects of thought on changing activity levels of internal organs ap-
pears. This not only allows lost control of internal organs to be recovered but also makes it
possible to produce the effect of mental control over the activities of internal. organs which
could not appear when not in the qigong state. That is to say it allows involuntary control
of the internal organs to be transferred to voluntary control. This is something which can-
not be practiced when the body is in a normal functional state. The body being in the su-
pra-normal qigong state possibly allows the nerve centers controlling the autonomic func-
tions to be in a sensitive state, a facilitory state which supplies the conditions for them to
receive mental control from the cortex. To prove the existence of this possibility, our re-
search used recordings of the the evoked auditory responses of the brain stem and observed
the changes in the functioning of the heart's blood vessels under the qigong state.
Using ultrasound as an evoked stimulation, electrical potential activity was recorded at
the "Baihui" acupoint at the top of the skull within lOms. It was possible to observe multi-
ple levels of change in potential in the transmissions from the medulla oblongata to the hy-
pothalamus cortex. In general it is possible to record seven waves clearly, separately
showing the seven levels of activity of the brain stem which are commonly symbolized
with the roman numeral I through VII. Wave I is the potential of the auditory nerve func-
tions; wave II is the electrical activity of the cochlear nucleus at the level of the medulla
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oblongata; wave III is the caudal pons, relative to the electrical activity of the upper olivary
body between the medulla oblongata and the pons; wave IV is the electrical activity of the
lateral [horseshoe] nucleus of the pons head end level; wave V is the electrical potential ac-
tivity of the midbrain quadrigeminal bodies; wave VI is the electrical activity of the medial
geniculate body of the hypothalamus; wave VII is the auditory radiations from the hypo-
thalamus to the cortex. Our experiment observed the auditory brain stem evoked responses
(ABER) in 28 test subjects during the qigong state. The phenomena observed were basical-
ly identical in all of the subjects, differing only in the degree of change. When the subjects
entered the qigong state waves I-VI of the ABER all increased by differing degrees (8,14),
however the changes in wave VII were more inhibited, just like the changes in the MLR af-
ter lOms, prompting the transition towards cortical inhibition.
The results of this experiment prove that when the body enters the qigong state the auto-
nomic nervous centers located in the brain stem which regulate the activities of the internal
organs are placed in an obvious facilitory state. This fact not only supports a type of theory
that says "calm the center and it will seek movement" and "calm the center,then seek move-
ment" when the human body is in the qigong state. At the same time it presents a neural bi-
ological foundation for explaining the voluntary control by the cerebral cortex over the ac-
tivities of the internal organs. To prove the effects of the body being in the qigong state on
the functions of certain internal organs we selected nine test subjects whose SVR had
shown inhibition and whose ABER had clearly exhibited facilitation and determined the
changes in the functions of their heart blood vessels during the qigong state. We compared
the heart rates of the subjects after they had entered the qigong state and discovered clear al-
terations in changes in PEP/LVET, PEPI, and other indices. Heart rates slowed, and PEP/
LVET and PEPI were reduced, with P values all smaller that 0.05. This group of experi-
ments points out that after the test subjects entered the qigong state, heart rate clearly
slowed and the blood-pumping function of the left side of the heart was thus clearly streng-
thened.
FOUR - The effect of the qigong state on the evoked potential of the spinal cord.
When the body is in the qigong state, it may produce the effect of muscle relaxation, or
it can produce supra-normal muscular strength; these are well-known phenomena. The
basic centers of the regulation of muscle tension are located in the anterior cornu of the spi-
nal cord; motor neurons include a neurons and v neurons; the former govern the extrafusal
muscles, the latter the intrafusal muscles. Muscle tension and regulation mainly rely on
myotatic reflex while at the same time also being controlled by higher centers, in particular
the brain stem's descending facilitory system and descending inhibitory system. Thus the
activity levels of the anterior cornu of the spinal cord motor neurons are a basic condition
for regulating muscle movement and tension. The higher centers use the two mechanisms
of facilitation and inhibition to control the activities of the anterior cormu of the spinal cord
motor neurons.
This experiment observed and determined the SEP and spinal cord evoked potential
(EESG) of twenty test subjects as they entered the qigong state. Normal EESG is poly-
phase potential activity and it is divided by the different latent times into P9, Nil, N12, and
N14, of which Ng and Nil, and Nis [sic] appear with the highest frequency. Eight, or
33%, of the twenty test subjects showed increases in EESG, with an average increase of
32%, p < 0.001; twelve of them, 66%, exhibited a range of decreases averaging 15%, p <
0.001. When the body is in the qigong state, in has two functions vis-a-vis the activities of
the spinal cord centers. one is facilitation, the other is inhibition. The reason for this
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change may be a result produced by facilitation in the brain stem; that is to say when the
brain stem raticular formation's descending inhibitory system undergoes changes it is mani-
fested as a drop in EESG, and when the descending facilitory system undergoes changes it
is manifested as an EESG increase. The question of whether the differing EESGs appear-
ing in the different test subjects is due to their different qigong methods or personal individ-
ual differences awaits further investigation. Nevertheless, the effect of the qigong state on
the EESG obviously has major significance in understanding the reasons why it can result
in muscle relaxation or supra-normal muscular strength (15)?
FIVE -The effects of the qigong state and time on brain electrical emissions.
Experimental research on evoked potential can confirm that when a test subject enters
the qigong state definite regions of the cerebral cortex will be in a state of inhibition to a
certain degree, as stated above. To further explain the functional state of the cerebral cortex
during the qigong state, fourteen qigong masters were again selected for this experiment
and the changes in their EEGs were observed before and after entering the state of tranquili-
ty. There are already many reports on work in this area (16,17,18), and the results of this
experiment have proved these changes once again. This experiment used an EEG with four
channels recording occipital and forehead electrodes transmitting to a 7T18(s) signal pro-
cessor, plotted to form a power spectrum diagram (fig. 2A). The first ten lines are the
power spectrum prior to the qigong state, the last ten lines are the spectrum after it. The re-
sults of the experiment show when the body is in its normal functional state the entire
brain's a rhythms, using mainly the occipital area, manifests an a rhythm synchronization
from the fixing of the gaze after entering the qigong state, and power increases , most clear-
ly in the forehead. Although the occiput showed increases, they were not equal to those of
the forehead. Nevertheless, when compared to the normal state, the phenomena of a deteri-
oration of superior a rhythms from forehead to occiput appears.
The changes which appear in the EEG at the time of the qigong state (19,20) may have
profound significance toward explaining the qigong state's neural mechanisms, but at per-
sent it is still difficult to explain these changes according to neurobiology's understanding
of EEG. However, according to the inhibition phenomena exhibited by the brain evoked
potential during the qigong state we can at least infer that a certain link exists between this
type of change and the inhibited activity within the cortex. We already know that in EEGs
of stage II and stage III sleep there can appear fusiform waves (14Hz) and K-Complex
[waves] (8-14Hz) exactly the same as a rhythms, both of which are EEG changes due to
the cortex being in states of inhibition of differing degrees and which accompany them.
Our laboratory is now conducting analysis related to EEG topographical brain maps and all
types of brain xopograpical maps of evoked responses to aid in further investigation into
this phenomena.
SIX - The effect of emitted qi on a normal person's EEG and changes in EEG during
the qigong emission state.
Internal qigong and external qigong are probably different levels of an organism's spe-
cial functional states. When a qigong master sends out emitted qi it can be seen as the su-
pra-normal functional state of a higher level of internal qigong; and external qi is then the
external manifestation of the effects of a supra-normal state. Therefore external qi should
posess "biological data" of a material nature and of objective effects. People have had
many doubts about the existence of external qi. Being unable to recognize its material na-
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ture, they have endowed it with the air of "magic". Thus we are duty-bound to answer
whether external qi exists or not, whether or not it can be received by biological organisms,
and moreover whether or not it posesses special effects.
Our laboratory has used the methodl of EEG power distribution graph analysis and SEP
and SVR determination methods to observe the effects of external qi on the electrical activi-
ty of the cerebral cortex; from this we have confirmed external qi's objective physiological
effects. The effects on emitted qi on EEGs were observed using six qigong masters capa-
CHL ,.cHz
CH2
~---mo~3 Mf/011t
Fig. 2 EEG power spectrum.
A. Internal gigong state. B. Effect of emitted qi. C. CH
emission state. D. Effect of infrasound. The first 10 lines
of each power spectrum is the control state, the last 10
show the changed power spectrum.
CH2
18
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ble of emitting external qi and 45 normal test subjects. The results of the experiment
showed a fairly clear difference between the group receiving emitted qi and the control
group (27 persons), whose average power spectrum from before and after, p < 0.01,
shows a clear difference, p < 0.01 compared with those of the group who received emitted
qi. The major change in the EEGs of normal persons after receiving emitted qi in 47 in-
stances was an increase in the forehead electrode a power spectrum, in 19 cases there was
a reverse from the forehead to the occiput, and 23 cases mainfested an increase in a power
spectrums in all channels (fig. 2B). Although this fact may confirm that external qi acts as
a type of biological signal emitted from a body, and which can be received by an organism
and produce biological effects, it is nevertheless difficult to understand, using what we
know today, to understand what the influence of emitted qi on EEG is and what its signifi-
cance is; this presents neuroscience with a new subject for study. Our laboratory is now
using experiments on animals to conduct further analysis and investigation on this ques-
tion.
While researching the influence of emitted qi on EEG, we were simultaneously record-
ing changes in the EEG of the external qi masters while they were emitting qi (19). In meas-
uring six of the external qi masters during the emission of qi we discovered that an overall
increase in the EEG power spectrum occurred in the forehead region. There was a particu-
larly strong frequency peak before the state of qi emission from 9- 11 Hz shifting to
10-13.5 Hz and a tendency to deviations in,6 rhythm frequency range (fig. 2C). T tests
of comparisons of the average frequency range from before and after the state of qi emis-
sion show p < 0.01.
The increase in forehead electrode power spectrums during the state of qi emission and
the simultaneous deviations may be due to the thought activity of the qigong masters while
emitting qi or they may be related to increases in certain physiological functions during the
emission of qi.
SEVEN - The influence of emitted qi on the evoked potential in SEP and SVR.
The influence of emitted qi on a normal person's EEG indicates that external qi posesses
obvious effects on the central nervous system. To further investigate these effects our la-
boratory again selected 28 test subjects to use in observations of the effects of emitted qi on
SEP and SVR, using 37 other subjects as a control group. In 14 of the test subjects affect-
ed by emitted qi, 7 showed an average SVR increase of 35%, p < 0.01, but another 7
showed a decrease; besides 1 who showed total inhibition, the other 6 had an average de-
crease of 27.56%, p < 0.01. The SEP of 14 subjects was influenced. Excepting one who
showed a clear rise in amplitude the other 13 all showed a decrease in amplitude, each wave
being inhibited by ranges of 27%, 30%, 38%, and 46%, p < 0.01 (24). Although there are
certain similarities when the changes in SEP and SVR during the state of qi emission are
compared, obvious differences nevertheless exist. During the internal qi state SVR gener-
ally decreased, but under the effects of external qi 50% would decrease and the other 50%
would increase. Some of the SEPs showed increases under the internal qi state while oth-
ers decreased, but under the effect of external qi it seemed that all were inhibited. But
overall, there may exist certain common neural mechanisms between them.
EIGHT - Infrasound and emitted qi.
Based on the results of our experiments, we have forcefully proved that emitted qi po-
sesses a clear effect on the central nervous system and removed doubts as to the material
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nature of external qi. But the question of why emitted qi influences the condition of the
mechanisms of the central nervous system still awaits an answer. There has been a lot of
research on external qi effects from the angle of natural science and engineering which has
discovered that emitted qi has magnetic field effects, infrared effects, static electricity fields,
and more. Most recently the Ministry of Electronics Industry's Institute of Electro-
acoustical Research discovered that when a qigong master is emitting qi infrasonic radiation
can be measured which is higher than that of a normal person. The institute also trial-
manufactured a bionic qigong instrument which featured an infrasonic component (22,23).
In our own probes into the mechanisms of emitted qi effects we used infrasonic generators
to conduct a large number of tests, the results of which showed that the biological effects of
infrasound are similar to external qi to a certain degree, though they are by no means identi-
cal.
Prior to the tests the aforementioned masters of external qigong underwent measurement
of the infrasound component of their emitted qi. From the 27 masters, 6 with infrasound
frequencies of 9-12.5 Hz and volume levels over 70dB were selected to participate in our
experiment. Altogether 34 normal test subjects were used to observe the influence of the
infrasound on EEG, SVR, and SEP. There were no control groups.
The 20 normal test subjects' EEG power spectrum from before and after being acted on
by the infrasound clearly showed changes, as shown in figure 2D. T investigation of the
average power spectrum from before and after being affected by infrasound showed p <
0.01. The major change was a distinct rise in the power spectrum phase synchronized with
the infrasound frequency, which was particularly pronounced in the occipital region. There
were 11 subjects on whom the effects were similar to those of emitted qi, exhibiting a re-
versal from the forehead to the occiput. The influence of the infrasound on SVR and SEP
was also similar to that of emitted qi, although it was not totally identical. Of 17 normal
subjects theinfrasound effect on 12 of them was distinct drop in the SVR range, averaging
up to 38.76%, p < 0.01. The other 5 showed no change, p < 0.05. Of 13 normal subjects
who received infrasound, 9 showed distinct inhibition of Ni, though N2 and N3 increased
by differing degrees while the other 4 showed no clear changes; this is clearly not the same
as the general inhibitory effects of emitted qi.
We can see from the results of the above experiments that both emitted qi and infra-
sound had distinct effects on the nervous system, though the effects of the two were also
distinctly different. We therefore cannot consider infrasound to be the effective component
of emitted qi, although we also cannot ignore that there is a certain similarity between their
effects. It is reasonable to consider the infrasound may be an important factor in the effec-
tive component of emitted qi or that it is may be a carrier wave component carrying other
components. For instance, in the experiments on the influence of emitted qi on a normal
person's EEG we discovered a startling phenomenon: the peak frequencies of the power
spectrum of the subjects' EEGs were phase synchronized with the infrasound frequencies
in the qi emitted by the corresponding qigong master. This phenomena phenomena not
only confirms the objective effects of emitted qi, but at the same time points up the proba-
bility that its influence on electroencephalograms may be produced primarily due to its in-
frasonic component or resonance produced between the infrasonic vibrations andthe neuron
circuits. According to the present understanding of EEG emission mechanisms, vibrations
from the hypothalmus neuron circuits transiting on the synchronized neurons are the main
reason for the production of synchronized electrical potential emitted from the brain. If in-
frasound can indeed give rise to resonance on the hypothalamus neurons it may be an im-
portant clue to further explaining the mechanisms of emitted qi effects. In order to prove
whether or not emitted qi and infrasound are able to affect the neuron circuits of the hypo-
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thalamus we shifted to using implanted electrodes. In tests on animals we found that the
interrelationship between the activities of the hypothalamus neurons and the changes in
electric potential of the cortex may be of aid in further explaining the neural mechanisms of
the effects of emitted qi and infrasound.
To summarize, our research is merely to observe certain phenomena of the efects of the
qigong state and emitted qi from the angle of neurobiology. We are still at the early stage
of understanding, taking the first steps into deep probes into the neural mechanisms of the
qigong state. From the positive initial results of our experimental research internal qi, ex-
ternal qi, and infrasound effects, as well as the state of qi emission and other conditions,
were all accompanied by marked functional changes in the central nervous system. There-
fore it is reasonable to propose that the theories and methods of neurological science may
be an important path to further revealations of the mysteries of that special functional state
of the human body, the qigong state.
(1) Qian Xuesen, Chen Xin; The science of the human body is a major part of the mod
ern science system.
(2) Lu Zuyin; The effects of qigong emitted qi on liquid crystals birefraction ability.
A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong Science Research Conference,
Xingcheng, 1987.
(3) Li Shengping, et al.; The effects of qigong emitted qi on the structures of solutions of
water, physiological saline, and glucose. A paper from the first session of the All-
China Qigong Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(4) Zhao Nanming; The effects of qigong on lipids and crystals. A paper from the first
session of the All-China Qigong Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(5) Li Shengping, et al.; The effects of qigong emitted qi on synthetic gas dismutation
response. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong Science Research
Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(6) Feng Lida, et al.; Nature, 5:9, 653, 1982.
(7) Feng Lida, et al.;. Nature, 5:3, 163, 1985.
(8) Liu Guolong, et al.; Neural mechanisms of the qigong state: A, Experimental study
by means of auditory evoked responses. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 7
(2): 123-126, 1987.
(9) Cui Rongqing, Liu Guofeng; The influence of the qigong state on auditory evoked
middle latent time responses. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong
Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(10) Cui Rongqing, Liu Guofeng; The influence of the qigong state on electric potential
evoked from visual light flashes. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qi-
gong Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(11) Cui Rongqing, Liu Guolong; The influence of the qigong state on electric potential
evoked from visual images. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong
Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(12) Cui Rongqing, Liu Guolong; The influence of the qigong state on electrocochlea-
grams. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong Science Research
Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(13) Cui Rongqing, Liu Guolong; The influence of the qigong state on posterior auricular
potential. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong Science Research
Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
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(14) Cui Rongqing, Liu Guolong; The influence of the qigong state on auditory brain
stem evoked response. A paper from the first session of. the All-China Qigong
Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(15) Peng Xueyan, Liu Guolong; The influence of the qigong state on somatic
evoked response and spinal cord evoked potential. A paper from the first session of
the All-China Qigong Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(16) He Qingnian, et al.; Statistical graphs of brain potentials of the qigong functional
state. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong Science Research Con-
ference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(17) Hu Zhongji, et al.; Studies into brain electronic coherent functions and topographical
maps of the supra-tranquil state. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qi
gong Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(18) Mei Lei, et al.; Nature, 4 (9), 1981.
(19) Niu Xin, Liu Guolong; An analysis of the brain potential power spectrum of qi-
gong masters while entering the state of tranquility and in the state of qigong emis-
sion. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong Science Research Con-
ference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(20) Niu Xin, Liu Guolong; An analysis of the effects of qigong emitted qi on brain
waves. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong Science Research
Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(21) Niu Xin, Liu Guolong; Measurements and analysis of infrasonic characteristics of
qigong emitted qi. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong Science
Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(22) Lu Yanfang; Physiological effects of infrasound. A paper from the first session of
the All-China Qigong Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
(23) Chu Zhongxiang; Measurements and analysis of infrasound information from qi-
gong and extraordinary functions. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qi-
gong Science Research Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
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and SVR. A paper from the first session of the All-China Qigong Science Research
Conference, Xingcheng, 1987.
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An Initial Investigation of the Qigong State's Neural Mechanisms Using
Evoked Responses as an Index
Cui Rongging Liu Guolong (Beijing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
Qigong is a method of regulating one's own mind and body. It has been in China for
several thousand years, going back to the Spring and Autumn Period [770-476 B.C.].
Owing to its unique curative and regulatory achievements, it has aroused the widespread in-
terest of China's internal and external medicine, physiology, and natural science communi-
ties. In today's highly advanced industrial society, qigong posesses practical significance
in banishing nervous tension and regulating people's mental and physical health.
Thus spoke the ancients: "Calm the heart and settle the mind; harmonize the qi, and
think not on matters; concentrate the mind on the qi." (Sui dynasty: A Treatise Inquiring
into the Sources of All Ailments.) Qigong masters of past ages abided by the self-
improving qigong practice that "The ears hear nothing, the eyes see nothing, the mind
thinks nothing" (Tang dynasty: One Thousand Golden Methods). "That which one needs
to improve the body lies in regulating the mind. If the mind is not present, one looks with-
out seeing, hears without listening, and eats without tasting. This is why the meaning of
improving the body lies in regulation of the mind" (Warring States Period: The Great
Learning). One can see why the interrelationship of "thought" and "qi" and "mind" and
"body" during the practice of qigong is one of qigong's core problems. Thus research into
the neural systems related to the conscious and devine minds during the practice of qigong
was the first subject to bear the brunt of overabundant interest.
Chinese and foreign scholars, particularly those in China, have done many reports con-
cerning qiong research, but research involving the essential question of qigong mechanisms
is still little seen. Due to the limitations of research methods, research in the area of neural
systems in particular is often simply observing changes in the brain's electrical potential
during the qigong state. And research into the related distinctive changes in the cortex, the
lower centers of the cortex, and the transmitting nerves and receptors during the qigong
state is even more rarely seen. This paper is based on the one of the signs of the qigong
state of "listening without hearing" in order to "strengthen the body by regulating the
mind". We used the middle latent response time (MLR) of the auditory evoked cortex, au-
ditory brain stem evoked response (ABR), Electrocochleagram (EcochG), and the posterior
auricular potential (PAP), divided into the three different levels of cortex, brain stem, and
periphery, to conduct observation and analysis of changes in the neural mechanisms of qi-
gong masters before, during and after doing qigong.
1. The subjects and test procedures.
The experiment used 38 qigong masters, 32 males and 6 females, ranging in age from
21 to 50. Their experience practicing qigong ranged from 2 to 20 years. The subjects sat
in a shielded room in which a quiet environment was maintained. Each experiment meas-
ured a single test item, and each test subject participated in the same test item only once. To
begin, a series of two determinations were made of their electric potentials under normal
conditions to be used as controls. Then they were told to do qigong and enter the state of
tranquility and after 10 minutes, measurements were taken of the cortex's long latent time
responses. The inhibition of this potential was used as the indicator of entry into the qi-
gong state (1). Two successive measurements were made during the qigong state. Finally,
they were called to recover from the qigong state and after 30 minutes another two meas-
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urements, of post-qigong potential, were made.
2. Electrodes and Instruments.
Except for the cotton ball recording electrodes of the EcochG and PAP, all the others
used 0.6cm silver disc electrodes; the resistance of the electrode contacts was less than
5-10kQ. During the same experiment, similar electrode positions were maintained for each
test subject. The stimulation was supplied through stereo earphones using short waves
with a wave width of 0.1 ms, a strength of 40dB, and a frequency varying with each item
of the test. The experiment used the Japanese Neuropack II MEB-5100 electro-optical
evoked response recording system.
Parameters of the electrode positions and instruments in each item of the experiment.
MLR: the recording electrodes were placed on the "Baihui" accupoint, with reference
electrodes on the right nipple, and center of the forehead. The instruments' band pass filter
was 5Hz-1 kHz, with an analysis time of 50ms, and a superposition of , frequency 5Hz,
and strength of 55~75dB.
ABR: electrode positions as for MLR Band pass filter of 100Hz--1kHz, analysis time
of lOms, superposition of 1024-2048, and a frequency of 10Hz.
EcochG: the recording electrodes were placed in the outer ear canal touching the ear
drum, with reference electrodes on the nipple on the same side and in the center of the fore-
head. The band pass filter was 2Hz-3kHz, analysis time lOms, superposition of 1024,
and frequency 10Hz.
PAP: analysis time was 50ms; the rest were as for the EcochG, except the electrode did
not need to touch the ear drum.
3. Wave measurement, data processing, and statistical methods.
The latent times of the peak latent times of all of the curves of changes in potential were
indicated by the time from the beginning of stimulation to a vertical line joining the baseline
with the highest point of each wave peak. For MLR and EcochG, the vertical height from
the base to the amplitude peak (2,3); for the ABR and PAP, the vertical height from peak to
peak; for ABR, the height of type IV and type V waves and the height from the trough pre-
ceeding type IV waves to the top of the wave (4,5). In each item of the experiment, every
change was measured as two lines and their average value was taken for calculations. All
data was input for computer processing. First a self-comparison it test was conducted be-
fore, during, and after qigong. Then for each test item we found the percentage change of
each component during the qigong state and used them to conduct investigations of the
percentage changes between adjacent waves.
1. Changes in MLR during the qigong state.
Measurements were determined for a total of 11 subjects. Under normal conditions,
3-5 waves will usually appear within 50ms after auditory stimulation. Of these waves, the
ones with the highest rate of appearance are the three positive-negative-positive waves near
10.92?0.397ms, 14.38?0.45ms, and 20.1.2f0.67ms (fig. 1, nr. 1). In accordance with
their respective phases and order of appearance they are named Po, Na, pa (2,6). Voltage
was about 0.0350.33?V (fig.2). During the qigong state all of the waves suffered differ-
ing degrees of inhibition. In comparison with their pre-qigong state, Na's amplitude was
suppressed from 0.33?0.064V to 0.09?0.02?V (p