PROPOSED DOWNGRADING OF CLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS FOR COGNITIVE SCIENCES LABORATORY VOLUME 1 OF 2

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00789R003200200001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 239
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 18, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 9, 1994
• Content Type: LIST

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SAICMP94.009
Copy ~ of
Proposed Downgrading of
Classified Documents
for Cognitive Sciences Labora-tort'
Volume 1 of 2 (U)
June'9,1994
SG 1 J Presented to:
Contract MDA908-93-C-0004
Submitted by:
Edwin C. May, Ph.D.
Science Applications International Corporation
Cognitive Sciences Laboratory
P.O. Box 1412
Menlo Park, CA 94025
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 May 1982,,;';;::,:
Final Report _ . ; f,
Covering the Period October 1980 to October 1981
TARGETING REQUIREMENTS TASK (U)
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LIST OF TABLES. iii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I OBJECTIVE. 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II INTRODUCTION 2
III PROZ~OCOLS . 4
A. General Protocol. 4
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Viewer Selection. 4
C. Distribution of Trials Across Session Conditions. 5
D. Transcript Evaluation ~ ~ ~ 6
IV RESULTS . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
A. Trial Collection. ~ .
B, Data Summaries . .
C. Overall Findings . .. 8
1. Evidence for Remote Viewing. .. 15
2, Distribution of Results across Targeting Modes 15
3. Effects of Mid-Session Feedback. 1;
4. Caveats . 18
V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 21
REFERENCES . 24
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1
Distribution of Trials in Targeting Study,
5
2
0-to-7 Paint Evaluation Scale for Target/Transcript
Correspondence
7
3
Summary of RV Data for Viewer 557,
9
4
Summary of RV Data for Viewer 753. ,
10
5
Summary of RV Data for Viewer 688.
11
6
Summary of RV Data for Viewer 807.
12
?
All Data from 48 RV Trials, with Mean Values for Each
Viewer and Each Session. Category
13
8
Summary of Coordinate RV Trials with Mid-Session Feedback.
14
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In this report we present the results of a four-month investigation,
.carried out by SRI International, to determine the relative effectiveness
of various targeting procedures in use in remote viewing (RV). Three such
procedures were investigated:
(1) .Beacon targeting, in which the viewer has had some
personal contact with, or is given the photograph of,
an individual at the target site.
(2) Coordinate targeting, in which the viewer is given the
geographical coordinates of the target site.
(3) Abstract targeting, in which the viewer is only told
that there is a target site to be described.
In our experiments with four remote viewers, three of whom performed
reliably in the RV task (RV of San Francisco Bay Area sites), we did not
find any overall significant differences in the efficacy of three targeting
modes, subject to some variation because of individual preferences. In-
stead, reliable RV functioning with results of comparable accuracy was
obtained with all three techniques.
As an additional task, we investigated the usefulness of giving the
viewer limited mid-session feedback as to the general nature of the target
site. We found that this procedure did not result in increased accuracy
of description.
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The objective of the "Targeting Requirements Task" was to determine
the relative effectiveness of various targeting procedures for use in
remote viewing (RV). If differences in relative effectiveness were found,
SRI International was also to determine whether such differences depend
on the characteristics of individual remote viewers or are widespread in
nature.
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II INTRODUCTION
In t ~SRI~ studies in RV over-the past decade, several
methods have bee11n use to target the remote viewer on the site. Much of
the early work used a person located at the target site as a target for
the remote viewer .l-3 rYe refer to this as Beacon RV, .because in some
sense the individual at the site can be said to act as a "homing" beacon.
A second technique, which has often been used in ~ RV, and around
which a trailing program is being developed ,4 is Coordinate RV. In this
procedure, the target site coordinates (latitude and longitude in degrees,
minutes, and seconds) are given (with no further information) to the remote
viewer who is to view the site. A third technique, which has been used
occasionally with good success both in laboratory work and in
viewing, we call Abstract RV. In this approach, the remote viewer is
simply told that there is a target site to be described; no further infor-
mation is given.
These three techniques, with variations ,t have been used success-
fully, at SRI, and elsewhere. However, no
systematic comparison of their relative effectiveness has been made to date.
This study compares the results of the use of the targeting techniques
as described above under otherwise uniform RV conditions. The results are
examined to determine whether significant quantitative differences exist
as far as the quality of the RV product is concerned. These three
tFor example, in Beacon RV, the remote viewer may be introduced to the
outbound person who is to act as a beacon, or simply be shown his
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photograph..
 representative techniques were chosen for this study because they span
the range, from the concrete to the abstract, of the targeting techniques
required in~~tasks.
typically
Specifically, the targeting mode is varied over the three techniques.
These techniques are designated here as Techniques A, B, and C (for Abstract,
Beacon, and Coordinate, respectively). A variation of Technique C,
designated C', is also incorporated into the study to examine whether
modest feedback given to the viewer at mid-session about the general
nature of the site increases accuracy in the remainder of the session.
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r
representative techniques were chosen for this study because they span
the range, from the concrete to the abstract, of the targeting techniques
typically required in tasks.
Specifically, the targeting mode is varied over the three techniques.
These techniques are designated here as Techniques A, B, and C (for Abstract,
Beacon, and Coordinate, respectively). A variation of Technique C,
designated C~, is also incorporated into the study to examine whether
modest feedback given to the viewer at mid-session about the general
nature of the site increases accuracy in the remainder. of the session.
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A. General Protocol
The general protocol for the study is to closet a remote viewer with
an experimenter at SRI, and, at a prearranged time, have the viewer describe
an undisclosed remote site using the required targeting technique. The
target site, one of sixty located in the San Francisco Ba.y Area within a
30-min driving radius of SRI, is selected by random number access to a
target pool by a second experimenter in charge of overall protocol. For
each viewer,Itarget sites are used without replacement as the series
progresses, so that no individual viewer has the same site twice. In all
cases, the interviewer is blind to the target so that he is free to question
the remote viewer to clarify his descriptions without fear of leading.
During the prearranged viewing period lasting 15-min, the viewer
makes drawings of and records on tape his impressions of the target site.
At the end of this viewing period, the interviewer collects the data for
the file., finds out from the protocol experimenter what the target site
was, and then takes the viewer to the site for feedback.
B. Viewer Selection
To evaluate fairly the effects of varying the target conditions, we
chose to carry out the study with four relatively inexperienced SRI viewers,
as opposed to the more experienced viewers who exhibit strong preferences
for certain targeting techniques.
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C. Distribution of Trials Across Session Conditions
Each of the four remote viewers chosen was asked to contribute twelve
trials. apiece, three trials each for each of the four techniques, A, B,
C,-and C`. This method provides a total of 48 trials, 12 in each of the
four categories, distributed as shown in Table 1 below. Each of the
viewers used the four techniques in a balanced, random intermixed order
(e.g., BACC`ACB ...) as is usual in psychological studies with several
stimulus categories.
~ISTRI$UTION OF TRIALS IN TARGETING STUDY
Category
Viewer
A
B
C
C'
557
3
3
3
3
753
3
3
3
3
gp7
3
3
3
3
ggg
3
3
3
3
L
The protocol experimenter tells the interviewer at the beginning of
the session which technique is to be used. For Technique A, the interviewer
simply informs the viewer that there is a target site to be described; no
further information is given.
For Technique B, the viewer is either introduced in person to the
outwardbound experimenter who will act as a beacon (Beacon Trial One),
or is simply shown a photograph of an otherwise unknown outwardbound
experimenter (Beacon Trials Two and Three). The reason for this inter-
trial variation is to obtain additional information about the amount of
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For Technique C and C', the viewer is read the coordinates (in
degrees, minutes, and seconds) for the site. For Technique C', the
interviewer obtains from the, protocol experimenter before session start
an envelope containing general information about the site (e.g., "target
site is a building exterior," 'target site is an open outdoor area," and
so forth.) In mid-sessio.~~~ ter the viewer has described the site to
the best of his ability~~ interviewer opens the feedback envelope and
gives this additional i or;mation to determine whether it stimulates
increased accuracy and detail in the viewer`s subsequent images of the
D. Transcript Evaluation
In early programs, transcript analysis was carried out exclusively
on the basis of blind judging (matching) of transcripts to target sites,l~a'
This technique, although excellent with regard to demonstrating the
presence or absence of a viable RV function, did not provide a uniform
measure from transcript to transcript of the quality of RV functioning.
In the previous program, SRI, developed
a 0-to-? point rating scale to be applied "nonblind", post hoc to the
evaluation of transcripts.a For no .correspondence between transcript and
target site, a 0 is assigned; for excellent correspondence a ?;, and for
intermediate correspondence an intermediate rating. The precise criteria
for each rating is shown below in Table 2. A comparison (in the previous
program) of the ratings produced with this approach against the ratings
produced by the blind-judging approach for a 36-trial series showed sta-
tistically significant positive correlation between the two techniques.
Furthermore, application of the 0-to-7 point scale to randomly matched
transcripts and targets from that study yielded chance results. These
two findings taken togethex establish that application of the 0-to-7
point scale provides a reliable, objective measure of RV quality. This
6
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O-TO-7 POINT EVALUATION SCALE FOR TARGET/TRANSCRIPT CORRESPONDIIdCE
Point
, Value Assigned to the Point
7
Excellent correspondence, including good analytical detail
(e.g., naming the site by name), and with essentially no
incorrect information.
6
Good correspondence with good analytical information (e.g.,
naming the function) and relatively little incorrect
information.
5
Good correspondence with unambiguous unique matchable elements,
but some incorrect information.
4
Good correspondence with several matchable elements intermixed
with~ihcorrect information.
3
Mixture of correct and incorrect elements, but enough of the
former to indicate viewer has made contact with the site.
2
Some correct elements, but not sufficient to suggest results
beyond chance expectation.
1
Little correspondence.
0
No correspondence.
method was, therefore, chosen for evaluation of the transcripts for this
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A. Trial Collection
In accord with the protocols outlined in Section III, a total of 48
trials were carried out, 12 with each of four remote viewers. As summarized
in Table 1, each viewer contributed three trials for each of the four
techniques.
B. Data Summaries
Data summaries for each of the four remote viewers are tabulated in
Tables 3 through 6, and a collective summary is provided in Table ?.
Listed in the individual viewer Tables 3 through 6 are the trial numbers
(1 through 12) and associated sites, targeting techniques and 0-to-? point-
scale accuracy ratings. (Two columns appear in the accuracy ratings for.
Category C~. Ratings in the first column were assigned on the basis of
material produced before feedback only, while those in the second column
applq to the transcript as a whole, including material generated following
feedback. The effects of mid-session feedback are treated in detail in
Table 8, in which we present a detailed session-by-session summary,)
C. Overall Findings
Most of the findings of this study are obtained by examination of
Table 7. We, therefore, turn our attention for a moment to a detailed
examination of this table.
The transcript ratings for each of the remote viewers, for each of
the session categories, are shown in the individual boxes in the table,
The techniques, listed acxoss the top, are Abstract (A), Beacon (B),
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Coordinates (C) and Coordinates with Feedback (C~). The latter (C~)
technique has two columns of transcript evaluation numbers; those made on
the basis of material up to the point of mid-session feedback (first
column), and those made for the entire transcript, including material
generated after feedback (second column).
The bottom row shows the mean transcript numbers for each targeting
technique averaged both for all four viewers and for the three viewers who
showed evidence for reliable RV (discussed below). The right-hand column
shows each viewer's twelve-trial mean. For Technique C~, the numbers
before feedback only are used in the calculation of these means so that
they are not contaminated by the effects of feedback.
1, Evidence for Remote Viewing
The first overall result of the study is obtained by noting each
viewer's twelve-trial mean (Table 7, right-hand column). The twelve-trial
means for the four viewers are 2.3, 3.3, 4.0, and 4.1, respectively.
Reference to the rating-scale definitions,in Table 2 indicates that the
last three of the four viewers in Table ? produced weans high enough to
constitute evidence for relatively reliable remote viewing, while Viewer 557,
the first viewer, did not do so. (For this viewer evidence for RV was not
totally lacking because five of the twelve trials rated a 3 or higher;
rather, trial-to-trial reliability was lacking.) We conclude, therefore,
that robust RV was obtained with three of the four remote viewers.
2. Distribution of Results across Targeting Modes
To evaluate the results of using the alternative 'targeting
techniques, A, B, and C, we examine the A, B, and C columns of Table 7.
Examination of the means in the bottow row shows little difference between
a ternative tar eting strategies. This is confirmed in detail by
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cal
statistical analysis of all the transcript rating numbers, both in the.
three-cateoory Xfour-viewer matrix, and in the three-category X three-
viewer matrix confined to the three remote viewers showing reliable RV
functioning. Therefore, the results obtained for Target Techniques A,
B, and C were essentially the same.
As we examine the fine structure of individual viewer performance
profiles, we find that the above conclusion for the group as a whole is
especially reflected in the individual responses of the two stronger
remote viewers, 688 and 807, who essentially did equally well with each
of the three targeting techniques, as did the unreliable viewer, 557.1
Only .in the case of the remaining successful remote viewer (753)
do we find significant differences in the alternative targeting conditions;
the Beacon (B) ratings are elevated, and the Abstract (A) ratings depressed,
as compared with mean performance.t In this case, the viewer expressed
from the beginning a strong preference for targeting on a beacon person,
which seemed "natural," as compared with the increasing abstraction of the
Coordinate (C) and Abstract (A) targeting technique. This preference for
a particular targeting technique, correlated with better performance for
that technique, can be contrasted with the lack of expressed preference
on the part of the other viewers plus their relatively stable performance
using the alternative techniques,
These results, taken together, lead us to conclude that there
are no inherent differences in the use of Abstract (A), Beacon (B) or
One-way analysis of variance: 3 X 4; dfl = 2, df2 = 33; F = 0.47 (F = 3.29
required for p < 0.05). 3 X 3; dfl = 2, df2 = 24; F = 0.95 (F = 3.40
required for p < 0,05).
tone-way analysis of variance: dfl = 2., df2 = 6 (F = 5.14 required for
p < 0.05). F(688) = 4.02; F(807) = 0.40; F(557) = 1.51; F(753) = 7.69.
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Coordinate (C) targeting techniques, but Personal bias or preference on
the part of a viewer can skew the relative effectiveness of these alterna-
tive targeting techniques in practice.
Finally, no differences of note were observed in Technique B
acon) between the first trial, in which the remote viewer is introduced
(Be
in person to the individual who is to act as a beacon, and the oto?naph
third trials, in which the remote viewer is simply shown the ph ~
of an otherwise unknown beacon person.
g~ Effects of Mid-Session Feedback
ies of twelve Coordinate Trials (labeled C'), three each
a
r
In
se viewers were given rudi-
contributed by~each of the four remote v ewe ,
roviding initial descriptions on the
mentary mid-session feedback after p
basis of coordinate targeting (as in a C Trial): The interviewer t en
encouraged further response from the remote viewer.
The feedback material used was prepared in advance by the ex-
~ erimenter in charge of overall protocol, and was unknown to the inter-
P
viewer until that moment in the RV session when he openedsa~o the viewer.
t
t
en
ntaining feedback i~orma,tion and disclosed its con
co
The type of feedback given was designed to be as "nonleading"
as possible, meant only to give the viewer some verification if he we
form of a single
h
e
already on the right track. The feedback was in t
hrase, such as "an expansive interior location'tfor an unde~e~ound
P
fora ceme
garage, or "an outdoor open area with structures
are
The data from the twelve C' trials with mid-session on ofathe
summarized in two columns of Table 7 and in Table 8. Comparis
sis of variance : df 1 = 1 ? df 2 6; F = 0.25 (F = 4.96
One-way analy
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means in the bottom row for the results with feedback (second C` column)
against the results, either of the same session before feedback (first C`
column), or the Coordinates targeting without feedback (C column), shows
no significant differences, either enhancement or degradation. This holds
considering all the viewers, or ,)ust the three with reliable functioning.
Specific session-by-session detail is presented in Table 8. It
is clear from these data that feedback, presented in the form described,
was not generally helpful in increasing the accuracy of postfeedback
elaboration. Instead, in the ma~oritp of trials, the feedback appeared
to trigger Analytical Overlay (AOL) of images from memory and imagination,
resulting in some (though not significant) degradation of the description
provided before feedback, at least in those cases where the initial
description was good. In the few cases where the rating improved after.
feedback, the improvement can be attributed to leading from the feedback,
because the results in those cases still showed little evidence for RV
functioning.
Overall, then, there was no evidence that mid-session feedback
led to improved accuracy. Instead, there was a trend (though statistically
insignificant) toward degradation of the result by AOL.
In regard to the effects of mid-session feedback dust described,
care must be taken not to generalize that intrasession feedback in any
form is aecessarily unproductive; only that there was no evidence that
feedback in the form given was useful. Evidence is emerging in another
All viewers, one-way analysis of variance: dfl 1, df2 = 22, F = 4,3
required for p < 0.05: F(C` before and after feedback) = 0.16, F(C, C'
after feedback) =0.44. SChree reliable viewers: dfl = 1, df2 = 16,
F = 4.49 required for p ~ 0.05: F(C` before attd after feedback) = 0.53,
F(C, C' after feedback) = 0.03.'
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study,4 for example, that simple statements of "correct," given in
immediate response to correct viewer statements can be helpful, parallelling
similar evidence in computer "guessing game" studies in which immediate
feedback appears to Lead to increasingly elevated performance profiles s
We have shown, however, that descriptive statements of fact about a site,
-given after a lengthy narrative by a viewer, may not be helpful.
With regard to the effects of a different kind of feedback,
post-session access to information about the site, the targeting study
was designed to parallel as closely as possible protocols that hold under
operational conditions. As such, because feedback to the remote viewer
is often made available at some future time, in our study we also provided
feedback. In~this case we took the viewer to the site following each
session. Such post-experiment feedback provides, however, a confounding
factor, both in our study and in ~ tasking in general: namely,
the possibility of obtaining information via a precognition channel. At
this point we have no data on whether a significant portion of the infor-
mation is transferred via this channel in a typical RV session. It is
only known, primarily from RV data generated in other laboratories ,g that
a precognitive channel ca.n provide significant amounts of information in
studies designed to focus on this aspect.
To determine as best we could whether there was any evidence in
this study for precognitive effects, we examined the transcripts and
flagged references to future site visitation that might in principle
trigger use of a precognitive channel. An average of approximately one
reference per transcript met this criterion (49 references in 48 transcripts).
To determine first whether any potential effects of feedback
precognition might be distributed unevenly across the session categories,
and thereby possibly compromise the effort to compare targeting techniques,
a statistical analysis of the distribution of future feedback references
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C~~
in the transcripts was done. (The number of references totalled 16, I1,
and 14 for Targeting Techniques A, B, and C, respectively.) No evidence
was found far an uneven distribution across session conditions, indicating
no evidence for compromise caused by an uneven distribution of future-
feedback references.
To check the matter further, we investigated whether there was
any evidence that references to future feedback resulted in higher individual
transcript ratings, because a positive carrelation between references and
ratings might indicate that triggered precognition played a mayor role.
Altogether, with 49 such references distributed across 48 transcripts, we
found by statistical test that the correlation coefficient between number
of references per transcript and transcript ratings was not significant
(r = 0.08, p = 0.70).
Thus, we find no evidence that statements that might in principle
encourage use of a precognitive channel had any effect, either for indi-
vi dual transcript ratings or for the differential comparisons between
targeting conditions. The possibility of precognitive influence is,
therefore, limited to the global possibility that a significant amount of
information comes via the precognitive mode when it is available, simply
because it is available. A separate study with feedback withheld on a
random basis is required to resolve this global question.
One-way analysis of variance: dfl = 2, df2 = 33, F = 0.52 (F = 3.29
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r
V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
r
In this study, "Targeting Requirements Task", we investigated the
relative effectiveness of three alternative RV targeting techniques in
use at the present time. The techniques are:
(1) Beacon targeting, in which the remote viewer has
had personal contact with, or is given a photograph
of an individual located at the target site at the time
of viewing.
(2) Coordinate targeting, in which the remote viewer is
given the geographical coordinates (latitude and
longitude, in degrees, minutes and seconds) of the
remote site to be described.
(3) Abstract targeting, in which the remote viewer is
told only that there is a site to be described.
In addition, as a secondary task we also investigated the efficacy
of giving the remote viewer limited mid-session feedback as to the general
nature of the target site whose more detailed description we were seeking.
To address these issues, we collected a total of 48 RV trials over
a four-month period, using San Francisco Bay Area locations as the target
sites. These 48 trials, twelve from each of four remote viewers, were
divided into two groups: thirty-six trials evenly distributed across the
three targeting techniques (Beacon, Coordinate and Abstract), and an
additional twelve coordinate trials in which mid-session feedback was
given, to be compared with those coordinate trials without mid-session
feedback. Relatively inexperienced viewers were used to minimize a priori
bias with regard to the efficacy of one targeting technique over another.
Before discussing the specific results of the study we note that the
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typical RV sessions, which include the possibility of eventual
future feedback to the viewer as to "ground truth." The results obtained
in this study, as in manq 'tasks, are, therefore, subject to the
caveat-that a global precognitive channel could be operative, and it is
recommended that this issue be examined separately in future work.
The results of this study are ,summarized as follows:
? Three of the~four viewers exhibited reliable RV
functioning.
? For the viewers as a group (and for the successful
viewers as a subgroup), no significant differences
as to the efficiacy of one targeting technique over
another emerged; all three techniques provided useful
data o$ comparable accuracy, indicating that there is
little, if any, intrinsic difference between the modes.
? For one of the successful viewers, who quickly developed
an order of preference for targeting techniques, sig-
nificant differences were noted, aligned with the expressed
preferences; we take this to indicate that the apparent
intrinsic equality of the technique evidenced in the
overall results of the study can be modulated by personal
preference or bias, and so the choice of targeting must be
tempered by this factor.
? In the case of Beacon Targeting, no significant
difference between personal contact and the use of a
photograph was evident.
? Mid-session feedback in the form given (limited feedback
as to the general nature of the site, following the
development of a coherent 15- or 20-min narration by
the viewer) yielded no significant improvement in
accuracy, and some (though statistically nonsignificant)
evidence for degradation of accuracy, at least in the
better transcripts.
We, therefore, conclude that remote viewers can describe remote sites
of interest with equal accuracy,
using Beacon, Coordinate, or Abstract
Targeting Techniques, subject only to their individual preferences. Attempts
t~~ increase the accuracy of such results by providing mid-session
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descriptive feedback as to the general nature of the site, are, however,
not likely to be successful.
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1.
H. E. Puthoff and R. Targ, "A Perceptual Channel for Information
Transfer over Kilometer Distances: His
torical Perspecti
ve and Recent
Research," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 64, pp. 329
-354 (March 1976)
, UNCLASSIFIED.
2.
H. E. Puthoff, R. Targ, and E. C. May,
Implications for ~ ysics," in The Role
"Experimental Psi
of Consciousness
Research:
in the
Physical World, Ed. R. Jahn, AAAS Selec
ted Symposium 57
(Westview
Press, Inc., Boulder, CO, 1981), UNCLAS
SIFIED.
3.
R. Targ; H. E, puthoff, B. S. Humphrey,
and E. C. May, "
Sp cial
Orientation Techni~tues (U)," Final Repor
t,
SRI
International, Menlo Park, CA (June 1980
),
4.
H. E. Puthoff, "RV Reliability, Enhancem
ent, and Evaluati
on (U),"
Final Report, -SRI In
ternational, Menl
o Park, CA
(February 1982)
5.
C. T. Tart, LearniYig to Use Extrasensory
Perception (Univ
ersity of
Chicago Press, Chicago, I1, 1976), UNCLA
SSIFIED:
6.
J. P. Bisaha and B. J. Dunne, "Multiple
Subject and Long-
Distance
Precognitive Remote Viewing of Geographi
cal Location," in
Mind At
Large: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Symposia
on the Nature of Extrasensory Perception, Ed. C. T. Tart, H. E.
Puthoff, R. Targ (Praeger Press, New York, NY, 1979), UNCLASSIFIED.
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Final Report
Covering the Period 1 May 1979 to 31 March 1980
SPECIAL ORIENTATION TECHNIQUES (U)
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s
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CONTENTS (U)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (U)
. .
. v
LIST OF TABLES (U),
vii
I OBJECTIVE (U), ,
. .
. 1
II INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY (U) ,
? 3
A, Basic Program Structure (U) ?
. g
B. Task Summary (U), ,
? 6
C. Report Organization (U) ?
. g
III BACKGROUND (U) .
A. Screenin - ~ 9
g (U)
B. Remote Viewi 9
ng Protocols for the Description of Local
(San Francisco Bay Area) Target Sites (U) ?
. 11
.
Tar
g
t
e
P
ool Selection (U),
4. Target Storage and Access (U), ~ ?
5. Remote Viewer Orientation (U), ~ ~ ?
6. Interviewer Behavior ((T)
7. Target person ("Beacon") Behavior?(U), ~ ~ ?
8, Post-Experiment Feedback (U) ~ ?
9, Evaluation
Procedure (U)
1. Basic Procedural Design (U), ,
2., Remote Viewer/Interviewer Roles?(U),
3
12
14
'14
15
16
1 "7
18
19
19
IV
ORIENTATION PROGRAM--PHASE ONE (U)
A
?
25
.
Remote Viewing of Local Target Sites (U), ?
2;5
B.
Summary of the Six Series (U) ?
2 ~6
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1, Viewer No . 155 (U) .
2. Viewer No. 292 (U)
3. Viewer No. 372 (U)
4. Viewer No. 468 (U)
5. Viewer No. 518 (U)
6. Viewer No. 690 (U)
C? Analysis of Transcript Correlations (U)
D. Summary of Judging Results for Local Target
Sites (U) .
E? Phase-One Conclusions (U) ?
V ORIENTATION PROGRAM--PHASE TWO (U)
A. Remote Viewing (RV) of 35-mm Slides (U) .
1. Viewer No. 372 RV (U).
2. Viewer No. 518 RV (U).
3. Comparison of Blind Judging and Accuracy Ratings
for 35-mm Slides (U) .
B. Future Remote Viewing (FRV) (U) .
1. Viewer No. 468, RV and. FRV of 35-mm Slides (U)
2. Viewer No. 292, RV and FRV of 35-mm Slides (U) .
3. Viewer No. 155, RV and FRV of 35-mm Slides (U) .
4. Viewer No. 155, FRV of Local Target Sites (U). .
C. Extended Remote Viewing (ERV), Viewer No. 518 (U) .
1. Background (U)
2. Pilot Effort (U)
3, Formal Series (Six Trials) (U) .
4. Discussion (U)
D. Remote Viewing of Alphabet Letters (U).
E. Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV) with Immediate
Feedback (U) .
VI CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (U).
iv
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ILLUSTRATIONS (U)
1
Stanford Art Museum Target (a ), and Response (b), by
Viewer 372 (U)
. .
5
2
Beacon Tower in Vicinity of Control Tower Target at Palo
Alto Airport -(a), and Response by Viewer No, 292 (b) (U)
33
3
Windmill Target and Responses by Viewers S5 (a) and
No. 468 (b) (U).
. .
45
4
Redwood City Cross Target, and Responses of Viewers 372 (a)
and 155 (b ) (U) .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
5
Pedestrian Overpass Target, and Responses of S4 (a) and
No. 15~ (b) (U) .
. .
48
6
Distribution of 36 Target/Transcript Correspondences for
Local Target Sites (6 subjects, 6 transcripts each), Showing
More than 50~ First-Place Matches (U),
49
7
Comparison Between Blind-Judge Rankings and Accuracy
Assessments (U) .
51
$
Ultra Modern Dome IIouse--Target, and Viewer 372
Drawing' (U) .
6i
9
Mount Alverno Conference Center, and Viewer 372
Drawing (U) , ? . .
?
62
10
Stanford Shopping Center--Target, and Viewer 372
Drawing (j7) .
63
11
Varsity Theatre Arcade--Target, and Viewer 518
Drawing (U) . ~ . .
64
12
Victorian House--Target, and Viewer 518 Drawing (U).
65
13
Glass Slipper Motel---Target, and Viewer 518 Drawing (U).
66
14
Stanford Shopping Center--Target, and Response of
Viewer No. 468 (U) .
72
15
Target Slide, and Viewer 292 Response Fif teen Minutes Before
Random Selection of Target (U)
76
16
Target Slide, and Viewer 272 Response Fifteen Minutes Before
Random Selection of Target (U)
77
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onse (U)
17 Copper Pitcher and Viewer No. 518 ERV Resp onse (U)
18 Food Mill Target and Viewer No. 518 ERV Resp ? ?
onse (U)
19 Straw Hat Target and Viewer No. 518 ERV Resp ?
onse (U)?
20 Tripod Target and Viewer No. 518 ERV Resp .
onse (U)
21 Antenna and Viewer No. 518 ERV Resp onse (U)
22 Globe Target and Viewer No. 518 ERV Resp
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TABLES (U)
1 Results of Transcript Concept Analysis of a Remote Viewing 22
Experiment (U) ?
2 0-? Point Accuracy Rating Scale for Target/Transcript
? 27
Correspondence (U) ~. ?
3 Total Scores for Each of the Six Viewers in Phase-One 52
Orientation Program (U) . '
? 98
4 Distribution of CRV Target/Response Hatchings (U).
? 100
5 Program Summary (U) .
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CrJ
I OBJECTIVE (U)
The objectives of this program are the optimization of remote
viewing (RV) protocols, the orientation of selected individuals to reach
enhanced levels of ability, and the establishment of screening procedures
to enlarge the population from which individuals are selected.
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L
II INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY (U)
A, Basic Program Structure (U)
In this report we present results and assessments of a one-year
program for the ,optimization of remote viewing
The objective of this program was to familiarize these
individuals with the SRI remote viewing protocols, to produce enhanced
levels of ability, artd to establish screening tests and procedures for
enlarging the population from which such individuals are selected.
(U) For the past seven years SRI International has been investigating
a.human perceptual/processing ability called remote viewing (RV), This '
is the su bject matter of the current study, and it pertains to the
acquisition and description, by mental means, of information blocked from
ordinary perception by distance or shielding and generally considered to
be secure from such access ,
At the start of this program, six individuals were'cho
sen ~
to participate in an RV technology transfer,
With the exception of one of the six who had participated in an ESP study
several years earlier, these participants when selected were inexperienced
with regard to paranormal perception in general, and RV in particular.
A variety of different training protocols were examined with the goal of
helping the participants familiarize themselves with the SRI RV techniques,
Formal assessment and transfer series were carried out with each of the
six participants, in which they were asked to use mental imagery processes
to describe distant geographic locations (bridges, roads, buildings, etc,),
hidden 35-mm slides of similar sites, and objects placed in a controlled-
access location, Several other information series were carried out, These
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(U) Four of the six participant's each produced results that de-
ted si nifica,ntly from chance expectation in assessment series that
par g
were formally judged by very strict criteria. The other two produced
estive of paranormal
results ;in the assessment series that were also Bugg
significant per-
perception. Overall, this result constitutes highly
= 4 X 10 5, or odds of one in 25,000 of such a result occurring
formance (p
by chance).
We are including in this introduction one illustrative example
Area outdoor target.
of an RV trial for a real-time San Francisco Ba.y
The viewer, Ho. 372, who contributed this data, produced a mixture of
onding, in his two series
responses', some excellent and some noncorresp
at SRI. Several of his descriptions were among the best obtained in the
program, and his overall consistency in performance resulted in both of
his individual series reaching statistical significance.
ro osed programs are directed at training partici-
rrent and p p
C
(U)
u
pants to bring their RV ability under more conscious control, and to learn
These
to recognize and overcome the factors that limit RV reliability. .
limiting factors center around the generan of erroneous data by the
viewer from his memory and imagination. An example of the successful
resolution of such noise is the following.
(U) The viewer was closeted with an interviewer in the laboratory
at SRI to await the target team's arrival at their destinati~e v~wer
target was the Stanford Art (Kuseum on the Sdifferentashapes that he said
made several tentative outline sketches of he made a careful
Finally,
were "associated with the face of a building.~~ A photograph of
of the building he was visualizing.
perspective drawing
the target is shown in Figure 1(a), and the viewer's drawing is shown for
com arison in Figure 1(b). The viewer's narrative descried the face of
P
the building as follows: "There is a white and black pattern, a white
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(u)
and black striped pattern." ... "It's like an inverted rectangle, wit
square fastened to the back, or a rectangle laid down behind it."
two buildings in one. One building." "I have the sense that there i
dirt by the walls ...." He went on to talk about trees, flowers, d
bicycles, all of which can be found directly in front of ,the target
? (U) Remote Viewing of 35-mm Slides. These trials
were carried out under varying conditions for five
viewers in Phase Two. One viewer, who generated
B. Task Summary (U)
significant results in Phase One, was again independently
(U) In the following we briefly summarize results of the var~?u
perceptual tasks that were undertaken:
? (U) Bay Area Target Site Remote Viewing.. In the Phase One
activities, six RV trials with local San Francisco Bay Area
sites- as targets were carried out with each of the s'ix ?~
viewers. In these six series, four of the viewers each
produced results that were independently significant
(p < 0.05), making the series as a whole strongly
significant (p = 4 X 10-5; odds of one in 25,000).
building.
significant in his description of distant slides. A
second viewer, also producing significant results in
Phase One, produced drawings in Phase Two that were
:formally judged to have significant correlations with
the slide targets, although his verbal material did not.
A third viewer was asked to describe slides before they ~
were chosen, that would be shown to him at a laver time.
His results were suggestive of success (p = 0.1) but not
statistically significant. Similar trials with two other
viewers were also encouraging but nonsignificant.
?Remote Viewing in' a f~DOwl A viewer who was
successful in the slide viewing trials also carried out a
series using extended remote viewing, in which he spent
more than an hour on each of six attempts to describe
ob jects held in a rb p,?y~
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Two judges evaluated this
viewer's responses: one udged it significant (p = 0.05),
and one just missed significance.
? (U) Alphabet Targets. A viewer successful in both Ba.y Area
remote viewing and slide trials also participated in a
series in which he attempted to describe alphabet letters
in a distant location. This was not a formal series, since
the protocol, which was exploratory in nature, was changed
several times during the series. However, the percentage
hits result indicates that the viewer was in contact with
the target letters at a rate higher than would be expected
by chance. These data, taken in conjunction with data
generated on another program, show promise that this ability
can be developed.
? (U) Correlated Responses. In the course of the year's
work,%tprgets were repeated from ti me. to time as a result
of random selection from a target pool of sixty. In some
cases we obtained strikingly similar responses (even when
incorrect) from the different viewers who countered these
repeated targets. These responses also corr ated well
with responses obtained from other viewers over past years
of research. The observation of such a result indicates
the possibility that given target stimuli trigger charac-
teristic responses, which could be tabulated in a "dictionary"
of site attributes.
? "`Coordinate Remote Viewing (CRV). Three of the viewers
took part in CRV exercises in which they were asked to
describe distant locations anywhere on the globe, given
only the geographical coordinates of latitude and longitude.
This is an ability that has been well demonstrated by some
of our experienced participants, and similar encouraging
results were obtained in these trials
One exercise which was sufficiently lengthy to justif y
analysis was found to be statistically significant at
p 0.0083 (odds of one in 120).
From these studies we find evidence that the SRI RV technology
is transferable; one of the ~ viewers turned in clearly superior
performances, and three others produced successful (statistically signifi-
cant) remote viewing at a level to indicate useful information transfer.
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C. Report Organization (U) ~
(U) In Section III we describe the SRI RV protocols, including
~_
results from the past, and our expectations for the present program.
also discuss the screening procedures used to select viewers and the
,judging procedures used to evaluate the results of the investigation'`
carried out in the current program.
which we Systematically carried out RV trials with the participants t
obtain baseline data from each under similar experimental conditions.
(U) In Section IV we describe the first phase of the study, in
Phase lrvo in an effort to extend the repertoire of RV tools available
s
In Section V we present the exploratory work carried out it
(U) Our conclusions and recommendations are presented in Sectic
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III BACKGROUND (U)
(U) With the overall objective of improving the reliability of
psychoenergetic functioning, we have in the past investigated several
different screening procedures, familiarization/training protocols, and
fudging techniques, both with the goal of developing procedures useful in
identif ying gifted remote viewers, and of providing the most optimal
strategies to permit individuals to exploit the RV phenomenon to useful
ends. In this section we provide background data on each of these areas.
A. Screening (U)
One of the goals of the program was to pursYe the question of
the establishment of screening procedures to enlarge t1~e population from
which individuals are selected for RV work.
(U) In the psychoenergetics field in general, two approaches to
screening have been pursued; screening by profile, and screening by
performance. Both have been examined to a limited degree in this program.
(U) In screening by profile,rone attempts to establish physiological
and/or psychological parameters which differentiate high-performance from
low-performance individuals, In an early program SRI carried out an
extensive profiling program on gifted individuals and controls. Theme~ tests
included a comprehensive medical evaluation, including X-ray scans bf the
brain, and comprehensive psychological and neuropsychological profiling.
The following list of tests administered gives an idea as to the thorough-
ness of the evaluations: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Bender
Gestalt Visual Motor Test, Benton Visual Memory Test, Wechsler Memory
Scale, Luscher Color Test, Strong Vocational Interest Blank, Minnesota
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(U)
Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), Edwards Personality Preference
Schedule (EPPS), Rorschach Inkblot, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT),
Halstead Category Test, Tactual Performance Test, Speech Perception Ted,
Seashore Rhythm Test, Finger Tapping Test, Trail Making Test, Knox Cubs'
Test, Raven Progressive Matrices, Verbal Concept Attainment Test, Busc3~e
Memory Test, Grooved Pegboard Tests, Gottschaldt Hidden-Figures Test, o,d
the spatial relations subtest of the SRA Primary Mental Abilities Test
The overall result of this testing was that no clear profile parameters
emerged on which an a priori screening procedure could be based.
Tn contrast to formal testing, however, several years observati
of remote viewers by SRI researchers has led to an informal guide baser o
subjective evaluation of the personality traits of successful viewers.
This rule-of-thumb guide is based on the observation that successful rr Go
viewers tend to be confident, outgoing, adventurous, broadly successfu
individuals with some artistic bent. With this as a guide, the sponsoi_-
considered .a population of 250 potential candidates for the RV program
Of these, 117 were interviewed, resulting in a pool of 30-35 individuate.,
for potential active use in the program. With regard to the SRI orien'~-
tion program, ten of these were selected for interview by the SRI team,
of which six were chosen for active participation in the SRi program. ~
This constitutes the level of screening by profile.
(U) In screening by performance, a number of unselected or pre-
selected individuals are given a psychoenergetics task to perform. Tho~sE~
performing successfully are then said to be screened by the task, and ~ e
then graduated to further tasking,
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(December 1, 1975),
(U) H. Puthoff and R. Targ, "Perceptual Augmentation Techniques (U),'?
Final Report, SRI Project 3183, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
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In this study, the six individuals pre-screened by interview
were then screened by performance on a six-trial RV series involving
local San Francisco Bay Area locations as target sites. Four of the six
participants produced results that individually were statistically sig-
nificant. Since this overall result is itself statistically significant
we take as evidence that the interview selection .(screening) procedure
based on the SRI-supplied informal guidelines was successful, keeping in
mind that the sample is too small to make an absolutely definitive
statement.
.Furthermore, taking the initial six-trial series as a performance-
screening instY'ument, we found that the.f our high-performance individuals
in this series cgntinued to perform with good success in additional tasks,
while the two lower-performance individuals were also less successful in
later tasks. we consider this to be an important finding.
(U) From these overall results we conclude that pre-screening on
the basis of interview, following the informal SRI guideline criteria,
and screening by performance, using the SRI Standard RV Protocols, both
constitute basic screening tools that in this program provided reliable
indicators of success i.n psychoenergetic performance.
B, Remote Viewing Protocols for the Description of Local
(San Francisco Bay Area) Target Sites (U)
(U) As a result of efforts over the years to develop an optimum
psychoenergetic task appropriate for screening and training, we have
settled on a standard remote-viewing (RV) procedure which is a refined
~iersion of that described in our Proc. IEEE paper, The elements of the
(U) H. E. Puthoff and R. Targ, "A Perceptual Channel for Information
Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent
Research," Proc. IEEE, Vol. 64, pp. 329-354 (March 1976).
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2. Remote Viewer/Interviewer Roles (U)
(U) An important methodological aspect of the SRI RV protocols
is based on the fact that the remote viewer/interviewer team constitutes
a single information gathering unit in which the remote viewer's role is
designed to be that of perceiver/information source, and the interviewer's
role is designed to be that of analyti cal control.
This division of labor is designed to mirror the two
primary modes of cerebral functioning; namely, the nonanalytic cognitive
style (related to brain function) that predominates in spatial pattern
recognition and other holistic processing (and is hypothesized to pre-
dominate in psi functioning), and the analytical cognitive style that
predominates in verbal and other analytical functionin
g. (Only very
experienced remote viewers appear to have the ability to handle both '
cognitive styles simultaneously.) The interviewer role, removing as it
does the burden of analytical functioning during exercise of the RV faculty
appears to be a key element in generating the level of success required
in operational programs, and we attribute the success of the SRI RV
protocols in large part to this innovative design which appears to provide
an appropriate match to the required functioning.
3. Target Pool Selection (U)
(U) Target locations in the San Francisco Bay Area are selected
by a team of two Radio Physics Laboratory personnel who are not involved
(U) See, e,g., J. Ehrenwald, "Cerebral Localization and the Psi Syndrome,"
_
J, of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol, 161, No, 6, pp, 393-398; R, Ornstein,
The Nature of Human Consciousness, San Francisco, CA: Freeman, 1973,
Ch, 7 and 8; and R, W, Sperry, "Cerebral Organization and Behavior,"
Science, Vol. 133, pp, 1749-1757 (1961).
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7
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(u)
in our view such (novel) environmental factors would divert some of the
sub3ect's much-needed attention.
6. Interviewer Behavior (U)
(U) The interviewer arranges ahead of time to have pen and paper
available for drawing, and a tape recorder. The room lighting is somewhat
subdued to prevent after-image highlights, shadows on eyelids, etc.
(U) When the agreed-upon RV trial time arrives, the interviewer
simply asks the remote viewer to "describe the impressions that come to
~~
mind with rggard to where the target person is. The interviewer does not
pressure the remote viewer to verbalize continuously; if he were to, the
remote viewer~ntight tend to embroider descriptions to please the interviewer,
a well-known syndrome in behavioral studies of this type. If the remote
viewer tends toward being analytical ("I see Ma,cy's") the interviewer
gently leads him into description, not analysis. ("You don't have to tell
me where it is, dust describe what you semi") This is the most important
and difficult task of the interviewer, but is apparently necessary for
good results, especially with inexperienced remote viewers.
(U) It is also useful for the interviewer to "surprise" the
remote viewer with new viewpoints.
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 Approve_ d For Release 200 `6=b0789R003200200001-4
With regard to screening:
(1) The individuals chosen to participate in the program
were pre-screened' from. a population of
250 potential candidates, using broad personality
profile guidelines recommended by SRI, with final
selection determined on the basis of interview by the
SRI project leaders (R. T. and H. P.). The fact that
the overall study was successful lends support to the
effectiveness of this initial screening-by-profile
procedure.
(2) The details of the results of the program indicate that
a half dozen local-site RV trials may constitute a
meaningful s Greening-by-performance procedure to
separate the more reliable from the less reliable
viewers. In order for screening-by-performance to be
successful, it is necessary that the performance of
ti a viewer be relatively consistent. We find that those
individuals who were the most successful in the Phase-
One trials, were also the most successful in Phase-Two,
even though different remote viewing tasks were pursued.
Of the four successful viewers in Phase-One, two produced
significant results and one near-significant (the fourth
was not available for the Phase-Two study). The two
viewers from Phase-One that were least successful there
(not reaching significance) again did not reach signifi-
cance in Phase-Two. Although the sample is too small
to be definitive, it appears that the Phase-One local-
site RV series itself offers evidence of constituting a
useful screening-by-performance procedure.
The data indicating that a viewer can describe an individual
slide as it is shown on a screen shows that targeting on high-resolution
transient targets (charts, maps, etc.) is not out of the question. This,
coupled with our findings that a viewer may be able to describe and identif y
alphabet letters is a most encouraging development, and one deserving of
further work. Extension of the RV process to include high-resolution
material, especially with a reading ability, would constitute a significant
breakthrough
I
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~.
Certain of the individual responses in the FRV (future remote
viewing) series, both with slides and with local sites as targets,
appeared to give striking evidence of contact with the target, However,
the trial-to-trial reliability was low and no series reached statistical
significance. Therefore, although individual results were encouraging;
no definitive statement can be made on the basis of this short: study.
Given its obvious applications potential, should its existence be capable
of unambiguous verification, we consider it a high-priority item for
further .exploration.
In the extended remote viewing (ERV) trials a viewer was able
in each trial of the series to identify significant elements of an object
placed in various locations
~- In these experiments the remote viewer worked,. alone over
extended periods of time (up to three hours). At a minimum, the good
results indicate that the RV process is not so fragile that it must be
carried out under rigidly-specified conditions, since in this case an
alternative style was in use and the results continued to be reliable.
Further work would be required, however, before a definitive comparison
of RV and ERV could be made.
Finally, the encouraging results obtained in the CRV (coordinate
remote viewing) trials indicates that comparable accuracy and reliability
can be expected from experienced viewers targeting either on the basis of
a beacon person at the target, or on the basis of geographical latitude
and longitude alone. As a by-product of the CRV study, which involved
the use of special procedures being developed in another program for
reliability enhancement, the high-quality output provided additional
confirmation as to the effectiveness of certain new approaches .being
taken with regard to monitor/viewer interaction and control of the RV
environment.
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(~
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To take advantage of the most recent developments in remote
viewing, and
we strongly recommend further development
capabilities in the following areas:
? Applications of Remote Viewing. A training procedure has
been developed that appeares to greatly increase both the
accuracy and reliability of remote viewing by coordinates.
Thus technique should continue to be examined, and applied
t`o targets of _ nterest
? Effects of Feedback. An extensive examination should be made
of the necessity for providing feedback in remote viewing
trials,- A systematic variation in the presence or absence
of feedback should be used to determine the importance of
this factor.
~ .Target Demarcation. Coordinate remote viewing experiments
should be carried out in which the target is demarcated by
means of various types of coordinates (e.g., geographic,
and arbitrary). This should be done in order to
discover the part played by the target coordinate in
determining remote viewing accuracy.
? Audio Analysis. In an effort to separate correct from
incorrect data available from taped subject descriptions
of remote viewing target sites, the use of speech and
audio analysis techniques should be investigated as a tool
to provide selective editing. This should include semantic
analysis, in which analysis of written transcripts area
carried out to look for variations in .grammar, style, or
vocabulary to help separate correct from incorrect statements
in the RV transcript.
? Tracking. Further effort should be pursued to perfect the
RV process whereby, instead of demarcating a location to
obtain a target description, one provides a target description
and asks for location
SRI has under development certain
strategies involving FRV feedback, computer averaging of
multiple trials, and so forth, which appear from pilot
efforts to hold promise.
? Spatial Resolution. A study should be carried out to
determine the extent to which it is possible to aid
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to achieve the goal of continuing to develop remote viewing
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viewers in learning to read hidden and distant printed
material that is blocked from ordinary perception.
? Temporal Resolution; An ERV effort should be pursued
to determine the accuracy of remote viewing as a function
of time for future targets.
? ELF Fbcperiments, Since one of the prevalent hypotheses
for paranormal perception requires the use of an ELF
electromagnetic carrier, we suggest carrying out
definitive experiments Ito examine this hypothesis
(e.g,, by using ELF generators as beacons), and to
provide analyses correlating data from our past data
base with the daily record of geophysical parameters
known to affect ELF propagation.
? Theoretical Studies. Modern physics offers several
mathematical descriptions of reality that may also
prove to be testable descriptions of paranormal
~ perception in general and remote views in
,, ng' particular.
We recommend work with leading physicists who have
agreed to consult for SRI on these theoretical problems,
in an effort to develop a physical understanding of the
phenomena we observe in the laboratory and in the field,
and to apply this knowledge to improve remote viewing
functioning.
? Technical Meetings. SRI proposes to host private quarterly
conferences to bring together selected U,S, scientists
who are concerned with the
technical issues in psychoenergetic research.
Successful pursuit of the above priority items could be expected
to result in an increased reliability and breadth of utility of the RV
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~~-~
 Fina/ Report
Covering [he Period October 1980 to September 1981
RV RELIABILITY, ENHANCEMENT, AND
EVALUATION (U)
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~,
200200001-4
February 1982
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .
I OBJECTIVE . .
II INTRODUCTION
III RV ENHANCEMENT TASK .
A. Tasking .
7
B. Coordinate RV (CRV)
7
C. Overview of the RV Enhancement Procedure.
8
D. Transfer of RV Enhancement Technology
11
E. 'Summary of the RV Enhancement Technique
13
IV RV TASKS
--
15
RV Tasking.
A.
15
_ ~
B. RV Session Format
,~
C. Pre- and post
~Task Calibration.
15
D. FY 1981
~ RV Sites .
1G
E. Evaluation of the
RV Task
20
V SUMMARY OF THE FY 1981 RV ENHANCEMENT TASK
21
Appendices
A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF CRV PRACTICE SITES
23
B ~~ASK SI1MhtARY SHEETS -
27
C AN EXAIvIPLE OF A REMOTE VIEWING RESPONSE
53
D RV EVALUATION PROTOCOLS
S1
E A SAh4PLE RETURNED EVALUATION PROTOCOL
G9
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1
RV Enhancement Program
q
2
Schematic Representation of Remote Viewer Response to CRV
Situation.
9
3
Stage 3 Remote Viewing (Wotje Atoll)
12
4
Presession Calibration Trial (Mount Kilimanjaro) (a) Site,
(b) RV Response.
17
5
Postsession Calibration Trial (Canyonlands National Park)
(a) Site, (b) RV Response.
18
1 Stages in Remote Vie~vi ng 10
2~ Remote Viewing Tasks (FY 1981) 19
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The objective of the RV Reliability, Enhancement, and Evaluation .Task
is to develop techniques to enhance remote viewing (RV), both to enhance
i
the potential for applications;
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II INTRODUCTION
SRI International is tasked with assessing the potential of RV for
enhancement techniques can be developed that will significantly increase
levels of accuracy and reliability.
applications. In this task, as defined for 'fiscal years
(FY) 1981 through 1983, special emphasis is placed on the possibility that
The three-year effort focuses on (1) the development of techniques to
enhance the accuracy and reliability of RV, (2) the application of RV~
(3) the evaluation of such techniques and applications,
?
~~ The apportionment of these efforts over the three-year period is
shown in Figure 1.
and (4) the integration of RV
Investigation of the RV phenomenon at SRI International over the past
decade has ranged from basic research for proof or the lack of proof of
the existence of the phenomenon to ~~ applications in which the
existence of the phenomenon is assumed. The present study emphasizing
applicability is the latter type--proof of the phenomenon is not explicitly
.pursued here. Some pragmatic measure of demonstration of existence is
provided, however, by assessment of the quality of results obtained in
tests carried out under double-blind conditions.
In this report we discuss the effort for FY'81. This effort con-
r?j silted of
RV is the acquisition and description, by mental means, of informs ion
blocked from ordinary perception by distance or shielding.
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INTEGRATION OF RV
EVALUATION
TASKING
DEVELOPMENT OF ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES
19$2
FISCAL YEAR
FIGURE 1 (U1 RV ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
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(1) The development of a six-stage RV training procedure,
which we hypothesized would lead to improved RV
performance.
(2) The beginning of orientation/application/testing
of the procedure with four experienced and one
novice remote viewer.
(3) The generation of data by the experienced remote
viewers
(4) The development of a first-generation series of
evaluation sheets (and an associated computerized
data-base management system) for use by analysts
in providing numerical estimates of various aspects
of the RV product.
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A. Tasking
SRI International is tasked with working toward the development of
RV enhancement procedures Of~
particular interest are the development of procedures that can be transmitted
to others in a structured fashion (i.e., "training" procedures), and that
can be used in targeting on distant sites
~~
B. Coordinate RV (CRV)
One targeting procedure, which we have been investigating at SRI
since 1972, is an abstract procedure known as "coordinate remote viewing