PHENOMENOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS TECHNICAL PROPOSAL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00789R003100200001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 85
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 27, 2002
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 27, 1992
• Content Type: RP

SECRET
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Science Applications International Corporation
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Phenomenological Research
and
Analysis
Technical Proposal {U)
Science Applications International Corporation
An Employee-Owned Company
Authors:
Edwin C. May, Ph.D. and Wanda L. W. Luke
U. S. Government
RFP MDA908-92-R-0164
Submitted by:
Science Applications International Corporation
Cognitive Sciences Laboratory
1010 El Camino Real, Suite 33p
Menlo Park, California 94025
Classify by: Contractor Security Procedures Guide
DT-S-1040-5
Declassify on: QADR
1 10 EI Camino Real, Suite 330, P.O. Box 14 i2, Menlo Park, CA 94025 (o i5) 3P o 809 eatfle, Tucson
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Technical Proposal ~ IJIVCLq S F~tU
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. OBJECTIVE (U) ............................................................ 1
II. BACKGROUND (U) ........................................................ 2
1. Historical Perspective (U) ................................................. 2
2. Recent Program (U) ..................................................... 3
3. Proposed New Effort (U) ................................................. 3
III. APPROACH (U) ............................................................ 4
1. Basic Research (SOW 6.1) (U) ............................................. 4
1.1 Biophysical Measurements (SOW 6.1.1) (U) ............................. 4
1.2 Data Patterns/Parameters Correlations (SOW 6.1.2) (U) ................... 7
1.3 Theoretical Issues (SOW 6.1.3) (U) ................................... 10
1.4 Applied Research (SOW 6.2) (U) ..................................... 12
1.5 Research Methodology and Support (SOW 6.3) (U) ..................... 15
2. Quick Reaction Capability (SOW 7.0) (U) .................................. 16
IV. GLOSSARY (U) ............................................................ 17
V. REFERENCES (U) ......................................................... 1$
VI. RESUMES(U) ............................................................. 21
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I. OBJECTIVE (U)
(U) The objective of this effort is to pursue, in response to solicitation number MDA908-92-R 01b4, the
most promising basic and applied research in understanding anomalous mental phenomena (AMP).
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I1. BACKGROUND (U)
(U) With regard to this proposal, AMP can be divided into two broad categories:
? Anomalous Cognition (A_Cl,: The awareness of information that is considered otherwise shielded
from all known sensory channels.
? Anomalous Perturbation (r~1: The perturbation of physical matter under conditions of complete
physical and sensorial isolation.
1. Historical Perspective (U)
(S/NF) Serious government-funded research of both these domains began in 1973 when the Central
Intelligence Agency (CIA) initiated a modest effort to determine if a genuine anomalous phenomenon
could be verified and to assess the degree to which it could be applied to general intelligence problems.
Through fiscal year 1990, a variety of intelligence organizations from the military services and the De-
fence Intelligence Agency (DIA) had supported predominantly application-oriented research pro-
grams at SR][ International in Menlo Park, CA.
(S/NF) Beginning in fiscal year 1986, the U. S. Army Medical Research and Development Command
(USAMRDC) initiated the first coordinated, long-term examination of AC and AP phenomena. This
program had three major objectives:
? Provide incontrovertible evidence for the existence of AC and AP.
? Determine the physiological and physical basis for AC and AP.
? Determine the degree to which AC data could be integrated into the intelligence community.
(S/NF) The results and conclusions from the Army program were:
? The first objective had been partially met. An information transfer anomaly exists (i.e., AC) that can
not be explained by inappropriate protocols, incorrect analyses, or fraud; however, there was insuffi-
cient evidence to conclude if AP exists.
? Significant progress had been made in meeting the second objective. For example,
(1) The central nervous system (i.e., the brain) of individuals with known AC ability appeared to re-
spond to isolated AC stimuli. These responses were similar to those observed when their eyes
were stimulated directly.
(2) 'Iivo physical models have been constructed. One (called Decision Augmentation Theory) sys-
tematizesthe data of over 600 separate experiments spanning 22 years in the open literature and
suggests a possible physical transfer mechanism for AC data. The other is a speculative funda-
mental physical model for the type of information that is sensed by AC.
(U) Under the same research program, a number of different physical systems were examined for their
susceptibility to putative AP effects. They included single-cell algae, single alpha particles, and elec-
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tropic devices such as random number generators and piezoelectric strain gages. However, in these
carefully controlled experiments, some with experienced AP subjects, no evidence of AP was observed.
2. Recent Program (U)
(S/NF) Beginning in February 1991, DIA initiated a comprehensive, 1$ month, investigation of AMP
at Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). In that program, basic research was de-
fined asresearch that is primarily oriented toward understanding the physical, biophysical, physiologi-
cal, and psychological mechanisms of AC. Applied research was defined as research that is primarily
directed toward improving the output quality of AC data.
(S/NF) Tha; primary thrust of that effort was to:
? Prepare a comprehensive, integrated, S-year research plan
? Conduct basic and applied research that supported operational applications of AMP.
Experiments included investigations of central nervous system responses to AC stimuli and physical
properties of AC targets. A complete description of all the experiments and their results can be found in
technical fvnal report.l"' We summarize here, however, three major findings.
(S/NF) We found a significant correlation between the quality of AC data and a single physical target prop-
erty, the total change of Shannon entropy. Should this result be verified in a formal replication attempt,
then it can be easily integrated into further laboratory studies and guide the selection of targets that are
likely to yield positive results in operations.
(U) In the same experiment, we determined that it is not a requirement of AC functioning for an indi-
vidual (i.e., sendert) to observe directly an intended AC target.
(U) The results of our megnetoencephalograph investigation is less cleaz. We uncovered a flaw in the math-
ematical analysis that prevented us from determining if the central nervous system responds to remote stim-
uli; however, we are currently re-analyzing the data with better techniques. The results of that analysis will
be available as part of an extension of the original work.
(S/NF) In very preliminary trials, we observed possible AP effects in special wave detectors.
3. Proposed New Effort (U)
(S/NF) 'This proposal suggests two major experimental efforts and a variety of theoretical and other exper-
imental investigations. We propose to improve the measurement of psychophysiological parameters to op-
timize the likelihood of observing response to remote stimuli. Because of a direct application potential, we
propose to replicate our earlier finding: determine if the tatal change of Shannon entropy is a valid intrinsic
property of AC targets. The remainder of this document describes our proposal in detail.
'" References may be found in Section V beginning on page 18.
f For a definition of terms, please refer to the Glossary in Section IV on page 17.
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III. APPROACH (U)
(U) Each heading in this section includes numerical references to the statement of work (SOW) con-
tained in solicitation MDA908-92-R 0164.
1. Basic Research (SOW 6.1) (Uj
(U) Basic research of AMP is defined as that activity that is primarily designed to understand the pa-
rameters of and theoretical basis for AMP.
1.1 Biopt~ysicai Measurements (SOW fi.1.1) (U)
(U) Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) will conduct two different biophysical in-
vestigations. SAIC will:
? Determine if the dominant alpha rhythm is affected by remote and isolated stimuli.
? Determine if the electrical properties of the skin act as indicators of AMP.
1.1.1 Electroencephalograph Measurements (SOW 6.1.1.1-6) (U)
1.1.1.1 Objective (U)
(U) The objective of this effort is to perform electroencephalograph (EEG) measurements for the pur-
pose of identifying neurophysiological parameters that correlate with anomalous cognition (AC). Tb
achieve this goal, the behavioral setting for the EEG measurements should match, as closely as possible,
that of a usual AC session.
1.1.1.2 Background (U)
(U) In a series of EEG experiments conducted at SRI International beginning in 1974, the central ner-
vous system (CNS) of individuals was found to respond to remote and isolated visual stimuli (i.e., a
flashing light).2,3,4 In the first experiment, during randomly interleaved 10-second epochs (i.e., trials),
either a flashing light (16 Hz) or no light was present in a sensorially and physically isolated room. Sig-
nificant decreases of occipital alpha power of isolated receivers were observed by Rebert and Turner?
T~vo replications were conducted in collaboration with Galin and Ornstein at the Langley Porter Neu-
ropsychiatric Institute. As reported by May et al., the results were inconclusive; the first replication
confirmed the Rebert and Turner finding, a decrease of alpha power concomitant with the flashing light,
but the second replication attempt found an increase in alpha power.4
(U) Under another program in FY 1989, SRI International and the Biophysics Group at Los Alamos
National Laboratory conducted an experiment using the magnetoencephalograph (MEG) technique.
This experiment was designed as a conceptual extension of the May et al. EEG experiment, although
there were :cigniflcant differences in the protocol. Tivo types of stimuli were randomly presented to an
isolated sender while MEG data were collected from a receiver. The experimental stimulus (i.e., re-
mote stimulus) was a 5-cm square, linear, vertical sinusoidal grating lasting 100 milliseconds. The se-
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cond stimulus, a control stimulus (i.e., pseudostimulus), was simply a time marker corresponding to a
blank screen in the data stream, and was also delivered to the sender. There was no change in the alpha
power, as reported by May et al., but a post hac analysis revealed aroot-mean-square average phase
shift of the dominant alpha frequency.$ A key result of that experiment was that similar "anomalous"
phase shifts were obtained for the remote stimuli and the pseudostimuli. Three candidate explanations
for these results were suggested. The observed phase shifts might have been:
? Spurious (i.e., statistical deviations within chance expectations)
? Electromagnetic artifacts
? Evidence of anomalous cognition
(U) In order to determine which of these three candidate explanations was correct, SAIC replicated the
study in Los Alamos during 1992. In the replication experiment, ten times the amount of data from the 1989
study was collected, including an equal number of control runs, which wntained an equal number of trials
with no receiver present under the MEG to check for possible electromagnetic artifacts.
(U) As of A~xgust 1992, the final results of our MEG investigations are pending. Using the same analytical
techniques that were used in the 1989 study, we did not observe significant alpha activity concomitant with
remote stimuli; however, we realized, after the fact, that the 1989 analytical technique contained a subtle
flaw. We were attempting to measure instantaneous phase shifts of the dominant alpha rhythm in the pres-
ence of considerable noise (i.e. the signal-to-noise ratio was approximately 0 decibels). Under this circxun-
stance, the variance of the phase is primarily determined by the noise (i.e., the Crammer-Rao relation-
ship6). Thus, if there were phase shifts related to the remote stimuli, we would not have seen them, as shown
by the Crammer-Rao relationship.
(U) Aside from the technical difficulties associated with the Crammer-Rao relationship, all of our earlier
attempts to identify CNS correlates to AC did not contain any concomitant behavioral measure of AC, and
the conditions under which experiments were conducted were not similar to those known to be conducive to
the producticm of AC data. For example, there is no evidence that a flashing light constitutes a valid AC
target. It is also likely that when EEG electrodes are attached to a receiver's scalp or if a receiver is asked to
recline face down in a MEG laboratory, that the conditions for the receiver are not optimal. Therefore, we
have no independent measures that AC functioning occurred in these experiments.
1.1.1.3 Proposed Experiments (U)
(U) We propose to design and conduct experiments to measure CNS responses to AC-stimuli, and since we
will not be initially concerned about source localization, we will not immediately require the special proper-
ties of a MEG, and thus, realize a significant cost savings. Should the proposed experiments warrant, how-
ever, we will provide access to appropriate MEG technology. EEG technology is capable of addressing the
specific variables in the Statement of Work. ]n addition, we are able to observe all areas of the brain, albeit
with less spatial resolution, with a single measurement-a sigtficant labor/cost savings.
(U) Specifically, we will remedy the problems that were described above in a series of EEG experiments
that
? Use stimuli that are identical to those in standard AC experiments
? Demonstrate CNS correlates to these stimuli when they are directly presented to receivers
? Provide a potential for independent, but concomitant, behavioral evidence for AC
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In addition, we will use EEG measures that more closely resemble those used in more traditional psy-
chophysiologicalexperiments.
One such example is event-related desynchronization (ERD). Spontaneous EEG reveals short-lasting,
task- or event-related amplitude changes in rhythmic activity within the alpha band. This amplitude
change or desynchronization is one of the elementary phenomena in EEG. It was first described in 1930
by Berger in scalp EEG as alpha blocking, and was later termed ERD by Pfurtscheller and Aranibar.$
ERDs can be quantified as a function of time and can then be used to study cortical activation patterns
during the planning of motor behavior,9 sensory stimulation, and cognitive processes.10,11,12 Kaufman
et al. provide a more recent example of cognitive-process-related ERDs.13 They found a significantly
shorter ERD when subjects simply responded to a target stimulus, compared with the ERD that oc-
curredwhen asubject had to search visual memory to determine whether the target matched one pre-
viouslypresented. Because ERDs can be observed in a variety of tasks, they are a likely variable to use
to study how the CNS responds to AC stimuli.
1.1.1.4 Proposed Experiments (U)
(U) Experiment 1. We propose to replicate an observation by Kaufman et al. of ERDs from visual stim-
uli. We propose, however, to change the stimuli to those that more closely match AC targets (i.e.,
photographs from the National Geographic magazine). Other than that, the experiment will closely fol-
low that of Kaufman et al. The primary purpose of this replication will be to demonstrate CNS corre-
lates (i.e., ERDs) to AC-like stimuli that are directly presented to the receivers. These ERDs will serve
as a system calibration and may provide data for an adaptive filter to enhance the signal-detection of
ERDs when the stimuli are remote.
(U) A secondary purpose of this replication is based upon the results of Kaufman et al. They found a
significant lengthening of the ERDs when their subjects were asked to review internal mental images.
One variable: that maybe important in understanding AC is mental imagery, since for novice receivers,
mental imagery is thought to be a source of confounding mental noise. More advanced receivers, how-
ever, are able to use mental imagery as a source of valid information. We will examine qualitatively the
relationship between the duration of ERDs for advanced and novice receivers when they are asked to
scan internal mental images.
(S/NF) Experiment 2. The objective is to observe ERDs with AC stimuli. Tb achieve this goal, we will
explore a variety of approaches to measure ERDs under circumstances that closely match those during
a standard AC session. All approaches will use the stimulus set from Experiment 1, above. In pilot ex-
periments, wewill determine an optimal protocol and then conduct a formal experiment using that protocol.
The pilot approaches will include, but will not be limited to:
? Searching for ERDs during a standard AC session while a receiver is writing and drawing. Muscle
artifacts may be a problem; however, we can determine their impact with a few pilot trials.
? Using a counterbalanced random protocol to conduct a standard AC session without EEG followed by an
EEG session where only AC mental activity is used to access the same target.
We will collect behavioral AC data as closely as possible to the CNS data. In addition, the protocols for
the behavioral and CNS experiments will be as similar as possible. In pilot trials, we will correlate the
behavioral d;~ta with the CNS data to determine if behavior can be an a priori indication of a receiver's
performance in CNS experiments. If so, we can use this indicator to enhance the likelihood of observing
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effects in the CNS data during formal trials. Likewise, we maybe able to use CNS data to indicate a
priori performance in operational AC tasks.
(U) In both EEG experiments, standard techniques for sensor placement, artifact rejection, and data
collection will be employed. In addition, a "dummy" lead, which will be connected to a fixed resistor,
will be used to check for possible electromagnetic artifacts.
(U) Depending upon the outcome of the pilot trials, we will use the optimized protocol to conduct a
formal experiment to test the hypothesis that the CNS responds to remote AC stimuli. If the formal
experiment is successful, we will be more able to address a variety of other variables that maybe impor-
tant in determining the CNS's response to AC stimuli. For example, we will than explore the impact of
different stimuli (e.g., audio, various changes of entropy) and whether parameters such as distance,
shielding, and sender condition affect the functioning.
1.1.2 Electrodermal Potential Measurements (SOW 6.1.1.7) (U)
(U) In 1990 and again in 1992, Braud et al. reported on electrodermal correlates of remote atten-
tion.t4,15 'T'hey found that the electrodermal properties of receivers correlated significantly with the
intense attention, via closed circuit TV, of an isolated and remote experimenter (i.e., p G 0.009, effect
size = 0.59). Four other experiments of a similar nature have been reported in the literature since 1913,
but Braud et al. observed the largest effect size. The technical arguments for the existence of such a
correlation may be found in their report.
(U) To examine the claim, we propose to conduct a replication of the Braud et al. experiment. Using a
balanced random schedule of attention and rest periods of a remote gazer, we will continuously monitor
the electrodermal activity of each receiver. We will explore a number of possible analysis techniques,
but they will include a normalized ratio of electrodermal activity in effort and rest periods, the tech-
nique used by Braud et al.
(U) We will conduct a brief pilot experiment to assure that protocol, equipment, and analysis are work-
ingproperly ,and will modify the protocol as needed during this period. We anticipate that approximate-
ly 20 individuals will be screened for a positive electrodermal response. The five best of these will be
used in a formal experiment. Should the formal experiment succeed, we will add EEG to the protocol
and repeat t}ie measurements.
(U) We will subcontract to the .Lucidity Institute to gain access to awell-equipped psychophysiology
laboratory in which to conduct the proposed EEG and electrodermal experiments. In addition, we will
conduct with the Lucidity Institute a few lucid dreaming trials in the same laboratory. In these trials, we
will be looking for brain-wave patterns that might indicate a lucid dream/AC state.
1.2 Data Patterns/Parameters Correlations (SOW 6.1.2) (U)
(U) The search for patterns or correlations within anomalous cognition (AC) is part of basic research,
but contains elements that are applied research.
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1.2.1 Virtual Reality and Subliminal Stimulation (SOW 6.1.2.1-2) (U)
(U) Virtual reality (VR), the construction of a sensorial environment using computers, is a technology,
which is currently at its earliest stages of development. We will scan the appropriate literature and deter-
mine if these techniques may be applied to specific questions in the reseazch of AMP. Specifically, can VR
be adapted as a method of registering an AC response, and thus, improve the quality of the data?
(U) Subliminal perception (SP) is also at an early stage of understanding. We will continue to follow the
pertinent research and provide improved protocols as they become available.
1.2.2 Sender/NaSender in the Ganzfeld (SOW 6.1.2.3) (U)
(U) Under a previous effort, we let a subcontract to University of Edinburgh to construct a room that is
qualified for Ganzfeld studies. In addition, we let a subcontract to Psychophysical Research Laborato-
ries (PRL) to perform a retrospective analysis of the literature to determine the effects of a sender in
AC-Ganzfeld studies. That analysis was inconclusive because of an insufficient number of studies.i~
Under the same subcontract, PRL developed a detailed technical protocol for an experiment that
would be definitive in determining the role of the sender in the Ganzfeld.l8 Pilot trials for this experi-
ment are being conducted as an~ extension to the previous. effort.
(U) We propose, therefore, to conduct a definitive formal study to determine the role of a sender in the
Ganzfeld. 'Iiventy five of the best receivers from the pilot study will contribute two Ganzfeld trials each.
We propose to examine four different sender conditions during which the sender is exposed to:
? The full video and audio of the target material
? The video portion of the target only
? The audio portion of the target only
? No portion of the target material
(U) The latter case is one in which the sender is blind to the target material. As part of the standard
auto-Ganzfeld procedure, personal and psychological profiles will be collected from each receiver. In
addition, we will add the Q-Sort profile. (See Section 1.2.3 below for details.) Full details of the auto-
Ganzfeldprotocol can be found in Honorton et a1.19 In conjunction with SOW 6.2.2, we will determine
if the sender is important with regazd to specific target elements in long-range AC experiments (see
Section III.1.4.2.4 and page 14).
1.2.3 A Heuristic Variable Search, the D-Sort (SOW 6.1.2.4) (U)
(U) We propose to explore potential personality variables, such as verbalizer vs imager, as they relate to AC
ability through the use of the Qvcort method, a systematic and quantitative technique for obtaining compre-
hensive psychodynamic descriptions of individual personalities, and through ameta-analysis of the ap-
propriate literature. Using the Q-Sort, we will address the following questions:
? What personality variables are common to those individuals that perform well on AC tasks? Is there
a typological uniformity?
? What would an ideal AC profile look like?
? How do the personalities of individuals who do not do well on AC tasks differ from those who do?
(U) First conceived by William Stephensen, the Q-Sort method has developed into a useful tool for
comparing personality variables between a wide variety of different populations. For example, studies
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have ranged from examining the differences between effective and ineffective liars to analyzing the dif-
ferencebetween individuals who tend to rely upon external visual fields rather than proprioceptive (i.e.,
musculo skeletal) cues in determining true vertical.
(U) For each individual, the method involves sorting 100 cards into nine categories with an assigned
number of cards placed within each category. On each card is written a single psychological statement in
a theoretically neutral form, so as to suggest a continuum rather than aneither/or dichotomy. The num-
bers of cards within each category must be 5, 8, 12, 16, 18,16,12, 8, 5, respectively. The success of this
method, in general, is primarily because the individual is forced to make limited (i.e., ten) decisions
about him/herself in the extreme categories (i.e., the very most and the very least characteristic) where
the Q-Sort comparisons are most sensitive. Those statements that are sorted into the middle categories
represent statements that are psychologically neutral where the Q-Sort comparisons are relatively in-
sensitive. The Q-Sort is self administered and takes approximately 20 minutes per individual.
(U) In 1989 we conducted a preliminary test of this method using 14 individuals, including three receiv-
erswho were known to be talented in AC. Figure 1 shows the results in a cluster diagram. Cluster analy-
sis assembles Q-Sort scores into groups of similar profiles, and attempts to create groups that are as
different from one another as possible. The result is a visual display of the clusters as shown in Figure 1.
Tb the 14 receivers, we have added three standard profiles; a normal and two different types of person-
ality pathology.20 It is striking to observe in Figure 1 that the pathological profiles are in a cluster by
themselves and that the normal profile is clustered with the receivers.
(U) 'Ib date, the Q-Sort method shows potential in that the personality descriptions of the three known
talents (i.e., receivers 009, 454, and 389) were grouped together in a single cluster. By averaging the
personality traits of these three individuals we have developed a tentative AC profile, which is also
shown in Figure 1.
"o '~
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a x
P M
N M ~ M
N r!'
Figure 1. Cluster Diagram for 14 Receivers (U)
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(U) We propose to administer the California Q-Set version of the Q-Sort to approximately 25 people,
including individuals who are known to be highly talented in AC, individuals who are known not to be
talented in .AC, and individuals with unknown AC skill. All Q-Sort data will be entered into a cumula-
tive database where it will be available for analysis. A cluster diagram similar to the one in Figure 1 will
be used to dlisplay the results. If the AC profile continues to appear in a different cluster than receivers
who have little AC talent, then we will recommend that a formal experiment be conducted to test the AC
abilities of those individuals whose profiles were clustered with the AC profile.
1.3 Theoretical Issues (SOW 6.1.3) (U)
(U) Theoretical issues include heuristic and fundamental modeling from physics, physiology, and
psychology used to systematize what is known about AMP. In addition, experiments may be conducted
that address specific constructs that are basic to the various models.
1.3.1 Anomalous Perturbation (SOW 6.1.3.1-3) (U)
(U) In conjtmetion with the sponsor, we propose to design a pilot experiment protocol for an anoma-
lousperturbation (AP) experiment, which will be conducted at a facility specified by the sponsor. SAIC
will provide two AP high-talent specialists to participate in that study. Their participation will not ex-
ceed more than two three-day visits to the sponsor-designated laboratory. Should the pilot experiment
succeed, then we will explore the role of a variety of variables such as shielding and distance.
1.3.2 Theoretical Models (SOW 6.1.3.45) (U)
(U) The data from AMP experiments have begun to suggest theoretical approaches toward under-
standing the underlying principles for the phenomena. Most of the previous modeling has been quan-
tum mechanica1,21,z2 metaphoric,23 or behaviora124 and generally has not led to testable hypotheses.
One heuristic model does suggest experiments, but it does not provide fundamental insight into the
mechanisms of AC.~ We propose to explore a variety of different theoretical approaches that are ei-
ther dictated by the strength of the AC data or strongly suggested by fundamental concepts.
(U) Specifically, we propose to examine in detail those theoretical approaches, from among the follow-
ing, that are most likely to provide testable hypotheses: (i.e., new protocols) and lead us toward a
theoretical understanding of the physics of AC:
(U) The Einstein, Poldasky, Rosen (EPR) Paradox. The paradox suggests possible information transport
during the collapse of a wave function. The paradox arises naturally when considering two-particle correla-
tions and the effect of measuring the state of one particle, which gives rise to unambiguous knowledge of the
state of the correlated particle even though they may outside each others light cones. While no one any
longer questions the validity of the predictions of quantum mechanics for correlated systems, the fact of that
validity has caused a philosophical revolution. There is no underlying reality~o absolute reality. There is
only reality as defined by measurements made by an observer. This approach is suggested because AC ex-
periments appear to show "correlation" of separated events. While it is doubtful that AC is quantum me-
chanical, nonetheless the EPR formalism might provide conceptual insight into possible AC mechanisms.
(U) Thermodynamic Entropy. For nearly two hundred years scientists have taken the position that the
entropy of a closed system can never decrease with time and that, on the scale of the universe, entropy
always increases with increasing time. Recently however, Steven Hawking has raised the possibility that
macroscopic time or psychological time, the time that we perceive, is actually determined by the change
of entropy.26 The study of classical thermodynamic entropy appears likely to be the most productive
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based upon. the results of a recent Shannon entropy experiment27 and on the extensive evidence for
so-called precognition-AC of targets before they have been determined?g
(U) General Relativity. Matt Visser's paper on traversable wormholes suggests that it is physically pos-
sible to transport energy (and, therefore, information) can transfer between remote space-time points
without traversing the classical distance between the space-time events.29 General Relativity, there-
fore, is a candidate for a theoretical basis for AC.
(U)1lachyons. It is possible to describe mathematically a fully consistent universe in which everything
moves faster than the speed of light. The particles inhabiting such a universe are named tachyons while,
in contrast, the particles with which we are familiar are named tazdyons. The important fact is that nei-
ther particle can ever travel at the speed of light. Photons, of course, are common to both universes.
Moreover, this is anon-quantum mechanical description. Theoretical understanding of tachyons may
assist in defining an energy transfer mechanism for AC.
(U) Physical Interpretation of Potentials. Classical mechanics and, for the most part, quantum mechanics
have treated potentials as convenient mathematical descriptions for which there was no physical instantia-
tion. Recent experiments have shown, however, that a potential can affect a particle even when there is no
corresponding force present. If potentials could be made to propagate, then they could be candidates for an
energy transfer mechanism for AC.
(U) All theoretical approaches will be constrained to provide testable hypotheses. We suspect that if a
reasonable theoretical model can be developed, that it will entail physics mechanisms that can be tested
by traditional experimentation.
1.3.3 Change of Shannon Entropy: An Intrinsic Target Property (SOW 6.1.3.6) (U)
(U) Most previous research has considered AC from a "systems" perspective in that the target and
receiver are thought of as a single AC unit 30,31 This is not particularly productive if we are search-
ingfor intrirnsicproperties oftarget systems to guide target selection. An intrinsic target property is
one that is inherently tied to the target (e.g., size, distance from the receiver, activity, entropy) and
devoid of any external interpretation. Interpretations, such as emotional impact, can be consid-
ered as extrinsic properties of the target or, more precisely, intrinsic properties of the receiver.
Extrinsic target properties are critical when AC is viewed from a systems point of view; however, if
these properties can be controlled in experiments, then it is possible to examine intrinsic target
properties with little confounding interference from the extrinsic ones.
(U) As an aici in understanding extrinsic noise properties of targets, we define target pool bandwidth as
a qualitative indicator of the number of disparate target elements in the pool. Clips from video movies
represent alarge-bandwidth pool; such disparate scenazios as Superman in space, a nature segment on
the Grand Canyon, and a James Bond thriller can be included in the same target pool. Conversely, the
well-known 2;ener cards represent a vary narrow target bandwidth. Qur collection of National
Geographic magazine photographs represent an intermediate bandwith; the size and general content of
the material is roughly the same throughout this pool.
(U) We hypothesize that the bandwidth of the target pool. is a source of intrinsic noise in the receiver.
We assume that the information that is gained by AC is small compared to other sensory mechanisms,
and the primary mental task for a receiver is to discriminate the AC data from internally generated,
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target-unrelated information. For large bandwidth target pools that may contain almost anything, a
receiver is unable to censor his/her internal experience. Thus, target-related and tazget-unrelated ma-
terial are equally reported; therefore, lazge bandwith pools are extrinsically noisy. Small bandwith
pools are also extrinsically noisy but for a different reason. If a receiver is cognizant of all of a limited set
of target ela;ments (e.g. Zener cards), then he/she has an internal discrimination problem. All target
possibilities are experienced with equal intensity because of knowledge about the pool and vivid short-
term memory. Assuming there is weak AC information about the specific target, then tazget-extrinsic
noise is generated because of the very low signal-to-noise ratio.
(U) By developing an appropriate target pool, which possess an intermediate bandwidth, we may be able to
control for various target-extrinsic noise sources and, therefore, focus upon intrinsic target properties. If the
change in Shannon entropy is an intrinsic target property, then we would expect that AC quality for dynamic
targets should be higher than the quality from static tazgets. In the previous program we observed a signifi-
cantcorrelation between AC quality and entropy within the static target pool, but we did not obtain signifi-
cant evidence for AC within the dynamic pool, and thus were not able to determine entropy correlations
within that pool. We speculate that the lack of significant AC in the dynamic pool might be due to band-
width considerations. We propose to improve upon this previous study. Specifically,
? We will develop a new target pool of static and dynamic targets that possess an "intermediate" bandwidth
similar to our existing photographs from National Geographic magazine. Our approach will be to develop
dynamic segments that are similar in quality to the existing static pool, and select frames from that dy-
namic set to construct a new static pool. This will assure that the bandwidh of the two target types (i.e.,
static and dynamic) are similar. The static and dynamic Shannon entropy will be calculated as described
in the technical protocol for the earlier experiment.32
? We will conduct each AC trial at our Menlo Park facility, and each trial will be monitored. This is in
contrast with our earlier experiment during which receivers were unmonitored.
? We will provide immediate and full color feedback at the end of each trial. This is in contrast with our
earlier experiment during which feedback was significantly delayed.
(U) With these improvements, we plan to conduct an experiment to test the specific hypothesis that the
quality of AC linearly depends upon the intrinsic target property, the change of Shannon entropy.
(U) We will employ approximately five receivers who will contribute a total of 20 trials each (i.e., 10
trials with dynamic and static targets, respectively).
(S/NF) A successful outcome of this experiment will determvne, with a high degree of confidence, if the
change of Shannon entropy qualifies as an intrinsic target property. If it qualifies, then we will be able to
improve target selection significantly for laboratory experiments and intelligence applications.
1.4 Appiled Research (SOW 6.2) (U)
(U) Applied research of AMP is defined as that activity that is primarily designed to improve the quality
of experimental results. '
1.4.1 Database (SOW 6.2.1) (U)
(S/NF) As an aid to determining the range and limits of AMP for applications, we propose to construct
an on-line database that records a number of physical, psychological, and environmental variables for
each AMP trial. Examples of physical variables include receiver-target distance and changes in thermo-
dynamic and/or Shannon entropy of the target system. Similarly, psychological and environmental vari-
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ables include scores from the Q-sort personality test, and the Ap geomagnetic index, respectively. SAIC
routinely enters many experiment variables into an existing database, but we propose to update the da-
tabase with variables that are more useful in intelligence applications. In addition, the protocol and
outcome of each trial will be coded into the database.
(S/NF) Once this database contains sufficient numbers of laboratory and intelligence experiments,
then relatively simple queries may reveal ranges or limits to specific variables. We propose to perform
such queries each time sufficient new data are added to the database.
1.4.2 Quantitative Assessment (SOW 6.2.2) (U)
(U) It is novv clear that free response AC experiments can generate much larger effects than forced choice
protocols. However, the problem of determining the quantity and accuracy of informalion in free response
experiments has not been satisfactorily resolved. Such experiments typically generate both textual and visu-
al information. This information has previously been assessed by ranking and descriptor set methods. Both
methods have disadvantages: ranking can greatly underestimate statistical significance, while descriptor-
based methods suffer from uncertainty as to how to define the conceptual categories used to distinguish
target and response elements. The research described below aims to improve these assessment methods.
1.4.2.1 Neural Networks (U)
(U) Neural networks have been widely applied to image and pattern recognition problems. However,
they have not been applied to the problem of assessing free response AC data. SAIC will explore the
application of neural networks to the existing fuzzy set assessment method. Neural networks will be
trained on fiizzy set encodings of stimulus-response pairs from AC trials by individual subjects. If con-
sistent patterns between receivers' responses and their intended targets exist, then neural networks can
be trained to recognize them. The trained networks can be used to assess additional AC data sets and
the results can be cross validated against existing fuzzy set scoring and ranking methods. Because neu-
ralnetwork methods can discriminate complex mappings in the presence of noise, the method mayyield
more precise estimates of target-response correlation than the current fuzzy set descriptor system.
1.4.2.2 Image Decomposition (U)
(U) Numerous techniques have been developed for image compression. While most of these algo-
rithms compress images by exploiting redundancy in the pixel array, some recent techniques take a dif-
ferent approach based upon image decomposition 33 This "fractal image compression" method relies
on partitioning images into subsets that can be used to reconstruct the original by recursively applying
affine transformations to the subsets. When applied to conventional image compression, the technique
relies on a judicious choice of the original partitioning. It may hold particular promise for assessing AC
responses because such responses seem to be characterized by a limited set of formal elements, which
give a natural set of basis elements or partitions. We propose to explore the fractal image analysis of AC
responses to verify that such responses can be characterized by a relatively small set of underlying forms.
These will be used as the basis set for the partitioning of the target material used in the AC\experiments.
Judging schemes based upon these forms can then be investigated. A further refinement will involve
"`- searTig oi? a set o~optimal basis elements for the partitioning of targets and responses using an effi-
cient search method such as a genetic algorithm. The goal will be to develop an analysis method that
avoids the arbitrariness associated with descriptor-based methods, while capturing much of the formal
richness of information seen in superior AC performance..
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1.4.2.3 Fuzzy Sets (U)
(U) We will continue to improve our standard fuzzy set approach to qualitative analysis of AC. In par-
ticular, we will determine if the sensitivity of the method can be improved by redefining the visual ele-
ments that are 1n current use.34
1.4.2.4 Intelligence Application Tbst-bed (SINE)
(SINE) One primary difficulty in assessing the quality of AC in intelligence applications is that fre-
quently there is little or no ground truth. Thus, we have had to rely upon other collection methods to
provide corroborating evidence. Even in those cases, the kind of information that is obtained is fre-
quently not helpful in learning how to improve AC for the collection of intelligence data.
(SINE) Under an earlier program, we carried on two intelligence-like AC trials.35~~ These trials were
conducted just as if they were real-world problems except that the tazgets were chosen by the sponsor
specifically because complete ground-truth could be obtained. Thus, it was possible to provide quanti-
tative assessment in near-operational conditions.
(SINE) We propose to conduct up to five such AC trials.. We will provide up to four receivers for this
activity. The sponsor will provide a variety of different targets, most of which will contain elements that
would normally be of interest to the intelligence community. As a calibration, we suggest that some of
the targets be AC sites that are used during laboratory investigations (e.g., bridges, buildings, etc.), and
that SAIC personnel should remain blind to the entire target pool.
(U) At the end of each trial, the sponsor and SAIC will construct an evaluation matrix, which may include
fuzzy sets, to compute the accuracy and reliability of the AC session. The results of that evaluation will be
entered into the tracking database so that receiver-dependent historical records will be preserved. SAIC
will provide summaries and raw data in a report at the end of each trial.
1.4.3 Intelligence Appl(cations (SOW 6.2.3) (S/NF)
(SINE) At the sponsor's request, SAIC will provide personnel to participate in intelligence applica-
tions of AC. This will include access to up to four receivers for a total of five separate target systems.
SAIC will provide summaries and raw data in a report at the end of each task.
SG1 B
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1.5 Research Methodology and Support (SOW 6.3) (U)
1.5.1 Committees (SOW 6.3.1j (U)
(U) We propose to use the existing committees as support and quality control for methodological and
policy issues. These committees are the Scientific Oversight Committee (SOC), the Institutional Re-
view Board (IRB), and the Policy Oversight Committee (POC).
1.5.1.1 The Scientific Oversight Committee (U)
(U) The five voting members of the SOC are respected scientists from the following disciplines: physics,
astronomy, statistics, neuroscience, and psychology. The membership is as follows:
? Steven A Hillyard, Ph.D. Professor of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego
? S. James Press, Ph.D. Professor of Statistics, University of California, Riverside
? Garrison Raprnund, M.D. Liaison with the Institutional Review Board (see below)
? Melvin Schwartz, Ph.D. Director, High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Brookhaven NL
? Yervant Terzian, Ph.D. Chairman, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University
? Philip G. Zimbardo, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology, Stanford University
(U) The SOC is tasked with three major responsibilities:
? Review and approve all experimental protocols prior to the collection of data.
? Critically review all experimental final reports as if they were submissions to technical scientific jour-
nals. All remarks are in writing and are included in the final technical report to the sponsor.
? Suggest directions for further research.
(U) In addition to these three responsibilities, the SOC members are encouraged to exercise un-announced
drop-in privileges to view experiments in progress.
1.5.1.2 Institutional Review Board (U)
(U) The IRB's responsibility is to assure the safety of human subjects in experiments and to assure the
sponsor that all research involving the use of human subjects is in compliance with all appropriate feder-
al regulations. The IRB members represent the health, legal, and spiritual professions in accordance
with govermnent guidelines. The membership is as follows:
? Byron Wrrr. Brown, Jr., Ph.D.
? Gary R. Fujimoto, M.D.
? John Hanley, M.D.
? Robert B. Livingston, M.D.
? Robin P. Michelson, M.D.
? Ronald Y. Nakasone, Ph.D.
? Garrison Rapmund, M.D. (Chair)
? Louis J. West, M.D.
Biostatistics, Stanford University
Occupational Medicine, Palo Alto Medical Foundation
Neuropsychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles
Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego
Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco
Buddhist Studies, Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, CA
Air Force Science Advisory Board
Neuropsychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles
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1.5.1.3 Policy Oversight Committee (U)
(S/NF) The POC's responsibility is to advise SAIC and assure the Defence Intelligence Agency that
the activity under this contract fulfills the requirements of the intelligence community and the Depart-
ment of Defense. In addition, the POC recommends policy for the establishment of a long-term pro-
gram for the application of AMP to problems of interest to these communities.
1.5.2 Management and Research Support (SOW 6.3.2) (U)
(U) We will provide technical, management, and administrative support for all research activity, which
will include the production of financial and interim technical reports.
1.5.3 National/International Conferences (SOW 6.3.3) (U)
(U) We will provide SAIC personnel to attend selected national/international conferences that relate
to biophysics, AMP, and neuroscience.
2. QuicO< Reaction Capability (SOW 7.0} (U)
(U) We propose to reserve approximately five percent of the program effort in order to respond rapidly
to the sponsor's request for briefings, technical papers, conference attendance, or unanticipated ex-
periments or applications.
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IV. GLOSSARY (U)
(U) Not all the terms defined below are germane to this report, but they aze included here for complete-
ness. In a typical anomalous mental phenomena (AMP) task, we define:
? A~ A form of information transfer in which all known sensorial stimuli are absent. That is, some
individuals are able to gain access, by as yet an unknown process, to information that is not available
to the known sensorial channels.
? ent-An individual who attempts to influence a target system.
? Anajyst---An individual who provides a quantitative measure of AC.
? Feedback. After a response has been secured, information about the intended target is displayed to
the receiver.
? Monitor--An individual who monitors an AC session to facilitate data collection.
? Protocol--A template for conducting a structured data collection session.
? Receiver-An individual who attempts to perceive and report information about a target.
? Response-Material that is produced during an AC session in response to the intended target.
? en er Bacon-An individual who, while receiving direct sensorial stimuli from an intended target,
acts as a putative transmitter to the receiver.
Session-A time period during which AC data aze collected.
? ecial --A given receiver's ability to be pazticulazly successful with a given class of targets (e.g.,
people as opposed to buildings).
? Tareet-An item that is the focus of an AMP task (e.g., person, place, thing, event).
? ~g~SiE11~i4Il-A method by which a specific target, against the backdrop of all other possible
targets, is identified to the receiver (e.g., geographical coordinates).
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V. REFERENCES (U)
(U) All titles are unclassified.
1. The technical final report for SAIC project 01-187-07-406 is nearing completion as of August 1992.
2. C. S. Rebert and A. Turner, "EEG Spectrum Analysis Tirchniques Applied to the Problem of PSI
Phenomena," Physician's Drug Manuai; Vol. S, No. 9-12, pp. 82-88 (December 1974)
UNCLASSIFIED.
3. R. Thrg, E. C. May, H. E. Puthoff, D. Galin, and R. Ornstein, "Sensvng of Remote EM Sources
(Physiological COrrelates)," Final Report, Project 4540, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
(1977) UNCLASSIFIED.
4. E. C. May, R. Targ, and H. E. Puthoff, "Possible EEG Correlates to Remote Stimuli Under
Conditions of Sensory Shielding," Electra/77 Professional Program, Meeting of the IEEE, New
Yark (April 1977) UNCLASSIFIED.
5. E. C. May, W. L. W. Luke, V. V. TI?ask, and T. J. Frivold, "Observation of Neuromagnetic Fields in
Response to Remote Stimuli," Proceedings of Presented Papers, The PazapsychologicalRssociation
33rd Annual Convention, Chevy Chase, MD, pp 168-185, (August 1990) UNCLASSIFIED.
6. B. Baashash, "Estimating and Interpreting the Instantaneous Frequence of a Signal-Part 1:
Fundamentals," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 519-538 (Apri11992) UNCLASSIFIED.
7. H. Berger, "Uber das Elektrenkephalogramm des Menschen, J. Psychol. Neuro., Vol 40. pp.
160-179 (1930). UNCLASSIFIED.
8. G. Pfui~tscheller and A. Aranibar, "Event-related Cortical Desynchronization Detected by Power
Measurements of Scalp EEG," Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 42, pp.
817-826 (!977) UNCLASSIFIED.
9. G. Pfurtscheller and A. Aranibar, "Evaluation of Event-related Desynchranization (ERD)
Preceding and Following Self-paced Movement," Electroencephalography and Clinical
Neurophysiology, Vol. 46, pp. 138-146 (!979) UNCLASSIFIED.
10. G. Pfux~tscheller, G. Lindinger, and W. Klimesch, "Dynamisches EEG-Mapping-Bildgebendes
Verfahren fuer die Unterschung Perzeptiver, Motorischer and Kognitiver Hirnleistunger," Z.
EEG-EMG, Vo117. pp. 113-116 (1986) UNCLASSIFIED.
11. W. Klimesch, G. Pfurtscheller, and G. Lindinger, "Dos Corticale Aktivierungsmuster bei Verbalen
Gedaechtnisaufgaben," Sprache Kognition, pp. 140-154 (1987) UNCLASSIFIED.
12. J. Sergeant, R. Geuze, and W. Van Winsum, "Event-related Desynchronization and P300,"
Psychophysiology, Vol. 24, pp. 272-277 (1987) UNCLASSIFIED.
13. L. Kaufman, B. Schwartz, C. Salustri, and S. J. Williamson, "Modulation of Spontaneous Brain
Activity during Mental Imagery," Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 124-132
(1990) UNCLASSIFIED.
14. W. Brand, D. Shafer, and S. Andrews, "Electrodermal Correlates of Remote Attention:
Autonomic Reactions to and Unseen Gaze," Proceedings of the Parapsychological Association 33rd
Annual Convention, Chevy Chase, MD (August 1990) UNCLASSIFIED.
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15. W. Braud, D. Shafer, and S. Andrews, "Further Studies of Autonomic Detection of Remote
Staring: Replications, New Control Procedures, and Personality Correlates," Proceedings of the
Parapsychological Association 35rd Annual Convention, Las Vegas, NV (August 1992)
UNCLASSIFIED.
17. C. Honorton, "Impact of the Sender in Ganzfeld Communication: Meta-Analysis and Power
Estimates," Final Report, Psychophysical Research Laboratories (1992) UNCLASSIFIED.
18. C. Honorton, "Effects of the Sender on Anomalous Communication in the Ganzfeld: Research
Protocol," Final Report, Psychophysical Research Laboratories (1992) UNCLASSIFIED.
19. C. Honorton, R. E. Berger, M. P. Varvoglis, M. Quant, E. I. Schechter, and D. C. Ferrari, "Psi
Communication in the Ganzfeld," Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 54, pp. 99-137 (June 1990)
UNCLASSIFIED.
20. J. Blcx;k, The Q-Sort Method in Personality Assessment and Psychiatric Research, Consulting
Psychologists Press, Inc., Palo Alto, CA (1978) UNCLASSIFIED.
21. E. H. Walker, "Quantum Mechanics/PSI Phenomena: The Theory and Suggestions for New
Experiments," The Journal of Research in PSI Phenomena, Vol. 1. No. 1, pp. 38-52 (1976)
UNCLASSIFIED.
22. E. H. Walker, "A Comparison of the Intuitive Data. Sorting and Quantum Mechanical Observer
Theories," The Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 51. No. 3, pp. 217-228 (1987) UNCLASSIFIED.
23. R. G. Jahn and B. J. Dunne, Margins of Reality: The Role of Consciousness in the Physical Worlr~
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Orlando, FL (1987) UNCLASSIFIED.
24. R. G. Stanford, `An Experimentally Testable Model for Spontaneous PSI Events," Journal of the
American Society for Psychical Research, Vol, 68, pp. 34-57 (1974) UNCLASSIFIED.
25. E. C. May, "Intuitive Data Sorting: An Informational Model of Psychoenergetic Functioning,"
Final Report-Objective E, Tasks 3 and 4, Project 1291, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
(December 1986) UNCLASSIFIED.
26. S. W. Hawking, A Brief History of Time: From the Blg Bang to Black Holes, Bantam Books, New
York, NY (1988) UNCLASSIFTED.
C. Honorton and D. C. Ferrari, "`Future Tblling:' AMeta-analysis of Forced-choice Precognition
Experiments, 1935-1987," Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 53, pp. 282-308 (December 1989).
29. M. Visser, "T~aversable Wormholes: Same Simple Examples," Physical Review D, Vol. 39, No. 10,
pp. 3182-3184 (May 1989) UNCLASSIFIED.
30. D. L. Delanoy, "Characteristics of Successful Free-Response Targets: Experimental Findings and
Observations," Proceedings of Presented Papers of the Parapsychological Association 31st
Annual Convention, pp. 230-246, Montreal, Canada (August 1988) UNCLASSIFIED.
31. C. Watt, "Characteristics of Successful Free-Response Targets: Theoretical Considerations,"
Proceedings of Presented Papers of the Parapsychological Association 31st Annual Convention,
pp. 247-263, Montreal, Canada (August 1988) UNCLASSIFIED.
32. E. C. May and N. D. Lantz, "Target and Sender Dependencies in Anomalous Cognition,"
Tl;chniaal Protocol, Project 1-187-07-406-10, SATC, Menlo Park, CA (December 1991)
UNCLASSIFIED.
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33. R.D. Boss and E.W. Jacobs, "Fractal-Based Image Compression," NOSC'Ibchnical Report 1315,
Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego CA 92152:-5000, (September 1989) UNCLASSIFIED
34. E. C. May, J. M. Utts, B. S. Humphrey, W. L. W. Luke, T. J. Frivold and V. V.'Il?ask, `Advances in
Remote-Viewing Analysis," Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 54, pp. 194-228 (September, 1990)
UNCLASSIFIED.
SG1A
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VI. RESUMES {U}
(U) All the following resumes are unclassified.
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Edwin C. May, Ph.D.
Director, Cognitive Sciences Laboratory
EDUCATION Ph.D., Physics, University of Pittsburgh, 1968
B. S., Physics, University of Rochester, 1962
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
1991 -Date Director, Cognitive Sciences Laboratory
Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park,
California
1985 - 1990 Program Manager, Cognitive Sciences Program
SRI International, Menlo Park, California
1979 - 1985 Senior Research Physicist for the Psychoenergetics Program
SRI International, Menlo Park, California
1976 - 1979 Consultant to the Psychoenergetics Program
SRI International, Menlo Park, California
1973 - 1979 Research Conslultant and Hardware Engineer
The Biofeedback Institute of San Francisco, San Francisco, California
19'72 - 1979 Technical Consultant and Software Engineer
Digital Pathways, Inc., Mountain View, California
19'72 - 1976 Physics Instructor
City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, California
1972 - 1976 'Ichnical Consultant
Psychophysical Research Laboratories, Princeton, New Jersey
1968 - 1971 Postdoctoral Fellow
University of California, Davis,California
1960 - 1964 Summer Position, Earh and Planetary Sciences Department
The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California
SPECIALIZED EXPERIENCE
Currently, Dr. May is the Director of the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory (CSL) which currently employs
over twenty full orpart-time researchers from a variety of disciplines. He refined his management skills
while being, the Program Manager for a similar, five-year program at SRI International. Dr. May has
been involved in various forms of anomalous cognition research for over 19 years. Prior to that, he accu-
mulated over 12 years experience in experimental physics research, nuclear reaction mechanisms, and
nuclear structure. His accelerator experience includes athree-stage tandem Van de Graaff (18 Mev); a
76-inch, variable energy cyclotron (SO Mev); an FM cyclotron (450 Mev protons); fixed frequency cyclo-
tron (8 Mev); FN tandem Van de Graaff (18 Mev); and an EP tandem Van de Graaff (30 Mev). Other
specialize experience includes four years of y-ray spectroscopy (on and off line), one year of trace-ele-
ment analysis (x-ray, and a particle techniques), numerical analysis, Monte Carla techniques, digital
signal processing, and cardiac blood flow research.
For over thirty years, Dr. May has participated in the design and construction of fast (< 0.1 ns) digital
electronics, and in the programming and implementation of sophisticated computer systems. Platforms
include UNIX workstations and various main frames. Besides C, Dr. May is fluent in Fortran and a
variety of assembly and 4GL languages.
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DISSERTATION
"Nuclear Reaction Studies via the (p,pn) Reaction on Light Nuclei and the (d,pn) Reaction on Medium
to Heavy Nuclei," B. L. Cohen, advisor, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (1968).
PUBLICATIONS
Author or co-author of a total of 130 reports:llpapers in experimental nuclear physics, l2 papers pres-
ented at technical conferences on anomalous cognition; l9 abstracts presented at professional confer-
ences on plrysics and cognitive science; 79 technical or administrative reports to various clients of SRI
International; and 9 miscellaneous reports and proposals.
GENERAL INTERESTS
Applicatioli of experimental nuclear physics technology and methodology to other fields of interest
(e.g., psychology, psychophysics, neuroscience, cognitive science, and medicine); compute technology,
AI, biofeedback, Indian religions, music, exotic food and soaring.
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Wanda L. W. Luke
Research Analyst, Cognitive Sciences Laboratory
EDUCATION B.A., Anthropology, University of Nevada/Reno,1986.
EMPLOYMENT HISTORY
1991 -Date Research Analyst, Cognitive Sciences Laboratory
Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park,
California
1984 - 1990 Research Analyst, Cognitive Sciences Program
SRI International, Menlo Park, California
SPECIALIarED EXPERIENCE
Currently, Dr. May is the Director of the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory (CSL) which currently employs
over twenty full or part-time researchers from a variety of disciplines. He refined his management skills
while being the Program Manager for a similar, five-year program at SRI International. Dr. May has
been involved in various forms of anomalous cognition research for over 19 years. Prior to that, he accu-
mulated over 12 years experience in experimental physics research, nuclear reaction mechanisms, and
nuclear structure. His accelerator experience includes athree-stage tandem Van de Graaff (18 Mev); a
76-inch, variable energy cyclotron (50 Mev); an FM cyclotron (450 Mev protons); fixed frequency cyclo-
tron ($ Mev); FN tandem Van de Graaff (18 Mev); and an EP tandem Van de Graaff (30 Mev). Other
specialize experience includes four years of y-ray spectroscopy (on and off line), one year of trace-ele-
ment analysis (x-ray, and a particle techniques), numerical analysis, Monte Carlo techniques, digital
signal processing, and cardiac blood flow research.
For over thirty years, Dr. May has participated in the design and construction of fast (< 0.1 ns) digital
electronics, and in the programming and implementation of sophisticated computer systems. Platforms
include UNIX workstations and various main frames. Besides C, Dr. May is fluent in Fortran and a
variety of assembly and 4GL languages.
DISSERTATION
"Nuclear Reaction Studies via the (p,pn) Reaction on Light Nuclei and the (d,pn) Reaction on Medium
to Heavy Nuclei," B. L. Cohen, advisor, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (196$).
PUBLICATIONS
Author or co-author of a total of 130 reports: l l papers in experimental nuclear physics, l2 papers pres-
ented at technical conferences on anomalous cognition; l9 abstracts presented at professional confer-
ences on physics and cognitive science; 79 technical or administrative reports to various clients of SRI
International; and 9 miscellaneous reports and proposals.
GENERAL INTERESTS
Application of experimental nuclear physics technology and methodology to other fields of interest
(e.g., psychology, psychophysics, neuroscience, cognitive science, and medicine); compute technology,
AI, biofeedback, Indian religions, music, exotic food and soaring.
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Joseph A. Angelo, Jr.
Director, Advanced Technology
EDUCATION Ph.D. Nuclear Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1976
M.S. Nuclear Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1968
B.ME. Mechanical Engineering, Manhattan College, 1965
PROFESSIONALJTECHNICAL EXPERIENCE
Scientific and Engineering Professional-27 years experience (including 20 years with Air Force)
SPECIFIC EXPERIENCE
1990 -Present, SAIC
1. Director, Advanced 'Iechnology, Melbourne Office
SGFOIA3
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Philip D. Wasserman
Director of Neural Network Applications
EDUCATION
Study leading to Ph.D. in Computer Science and Engineering
MS Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Santa Clara University
BS Mathematics, Summa Cum Laude, College of Notre Dame
PROFILE OF EXPERIENCE
Over 25 years experience in the field of artificial neural networks. Author of two books and several
papers on theory and applications. Successfully applied artificial neural networks to solve a wide range
of real world problems.
More than 30 years diversified experience as an Electronics Engineer, heavily involved in the detailed
design of electronic instruments, analog and digital circutits, computer software, computer hardware
and computer systems. Extensive project management and technical supervision experience.
Founder of two profitable electronics manufacturing firms. Served as Chief Executive Officer for eight
years. Designed all of the firms instrumentation products.
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS,1979 -1991
Developed artificial neural network architectures and training algorithms. Applied these to various
problems in pattern recognition, optimization, and control. Published technical papers and presented
technical seminars on artificial neural networks for a number of organizations.
Wrote two books, Neural Computing and Neural Source, on artificial neural networks. Published by
Van Nostrand Reinhold in 1989.
Developed analog and digital circuits and sub-systems for an automatic instrument used in semiconduc-
tor manufacturing, including signal acquisition and conditioning, electromechanical servo controllers,
and software written in C for wntrol and processing of data.
Designed an autofocus system for a diffraction limited microscope. Included inventing an algorithm,
(patent pending) designed a digital signal processing board, and developing the software system to op-
erate in amulti-processor environment.
Designed .a solid-state high resolution video camera for use in a semiconductor inspection system, in-
cludingvideo frequency, low level analog signal processing circuits.
Designed .a high speed video signal conditioning and image digitizer board with interface to a 40 Mega-
byte/sec parallel digital bus, including a/d, d/a, and analog signal processing.
Performed architectural design of high speed digital signal processing circuit intended for SMOS in-
tegration. Supervised a group which designed and constructed TTL prototype to evaluate the architec-
ture, and implemented digital signal processing algorithms for V22 bis modem.
Developed the architecture, circuit, and system design of a high speed modem utilizing a multiproces-
sor configuration. Produced a custom assembler, wrote programming instructions and assisted algo-
rithm developers in its use. Designed active filters and implemented sample and hold, a/d, and d/a cir-
cuits. Designed power supply including thermal design of package. Supervised printed circuit layout,
mechanical packaging, and conducted tests verifying performance to specification.
Designed three new nuclear radiation measuring instruments and supervised their packaging and pro-
ductionengineering.
Conceived, designed circuits, and supervised hybrid circuit packaging of a wrist worn digital heart rate
monitor. This involved the design of two semi-custom integrated circuits, one bipolar and the other
CMOS, and coordination with the integrated circuit producers. Supervised mechanical design and per-
formedproduction engineering leading to a successful product.
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Designed hardware and algorithms fora 160 MBPS,parallel-pipelined image processing system. This
included software simulation of processing algorithms, digital and analog circuit design, and integra-
tionwith optical and mechanical systems.
Participated in the establishment of a Computer Science Major at the College of Notre Dame. Recom-
mendedcourses, evaluated instructors, and taught many of the courses. Selected software and installed
a new administrative computing system for the College of Notre Dame. Upgraded hardware, estab-
lishedprocedures, trained personnel, and wrote programs to integrate system for Finance, Admissions,
Registration, and Graduate Office.
MAJOR RECENT PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT
1990 -Present Director, Neural Network Applications,
Science Applications International Corporation
Identify applications for artificial neural networks, develop solutions, and implement them.
1975 -Present President, Anna Research, Inc.
Designed artificial neural network architectures and algorithms for pattern recognition, optimization,
and control. Completed challenging, detailed, hardware and software design projects. This included
both analog and digital circuits and systems. Designed software systems and algorithms, from concept
to coding and test. Managed development projects, solved technical problems in manufacturing, devel-
oped and evaluated new product proposals, performed technical and marketing studies.
1983 - 1989 Program Director and Assistant Professor, Computer Science,
(part time) College of Notre Dame, Belmont, California
'Ibach computer science courses, participate in curriculum development, staffing, scheduling. Provide
academic advising for students. ,
1987 -Pre;sent Lead Instructor, Computer Science,
(part time} Chapman College, Sunnyvale, California
Teach computer science courses, evaluate instructors, assist in course planning.
1985 - 1986 Director of Administrative Computing, College of Notre Dame,
Belmont, California
Establish and maintain the central computerized administrative computing system, supervise support
personnel, provide training and documentation for the various offices.
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Steven A. Hillyard
Scientific Oversight Committee
EDUCATION
1968 Ph.D., Psychology, Yale University
1964 B.S., Biology, California Institute of Technology
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
1980 -Present Professor of Neurosciences, Department of Neurosciences,
University of California, San Diego
196$ - 1980 Lecturer through Associate Professor, Department of Neurosciences,
University of California, San Diego
1964 - 1968 USPHS'II'aineeship at Yale University in Physiological Psychology
with Robert Galambos
1963 - 1964 Research Assistant at Caltech in Psychobiology with C. R. Hamilton
and R. W. Sperry
TEACHING AREAS
Basic Medical Neurology
Sensory Processes: Neurophysiology of Vision and Audition
Human Information Processing: Attention and Perception
Psychophysiology
Neuropsychology
HONORS AND AWARDS
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
MERIT Award from National Institute of Mental Health
UCSD Neurosciences Department Outstanding Teacher Award
ADVISORY AND REVIEW PANELS
NIMH Study Section: Mental Health Small Grant Committee, 1976 - 1980.
NIMH Study Section: Neurosciences Research Review Committee, 1986 - 1990.
Advisory (:ouncil: International Association for the Study of Attention and Performance,
1978 - 1983,1985 -Present.
Advisory Panel to NIMH Neurosciences Research Branch, 1982 - 19$3.
~s ^r~? .
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S. James Press
Scientific Oversight Committee
EDUCATICIN
1961 - 1964 Ph.D., Statistics, Stanford University
1952 - 1954 M.S., Mathematics, University of Southern California
1950 - 1951 Physics, University of Minnesota
1947 - 1950 B.A., Physics, New York University
ACADEMIC HISTORY
1977 -Present Professor, Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside
1984 - 1985 Visiting Scholar, Department of Statistics, Stanford University
1977 - 1984 Professor and Chairman of Department, Department of Statistics,
University of California, Riverside
1974 - 1977 Professor, Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, and Institute
of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of British Columbia
1966 - 1974 Associate Professor, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago
1972 - 1973 Visiting Professor, Department of Statistics and Department of
Administrative Sciences, Yale University
1970 - 1971 Honorary Research Fellow, Department of Statistics, University College,
London
1970 - 1971 Visiting Professor, Department of Statistics, London School of Economics
and Political Science
1964 - 1966 Lecturer/Assistant Professor, Statistics, UCLA Graduate School of Business
Administration -Business
1956 - 1960 Lecturer, Extension Mathematics Courses, UCLA Physical Science
Summer 1968 Visiting Professor, Department of Economics, UCLA
NONACADEMIC EXPERIENCE
1964 - 1966 Statistics, Econometrics, Operations Research, The Rand Corporation,
Santa Monica, California
1954 - 1961 Statistical Analysis, Reliability, Operations Research, Douglas Aircraft
Corporation, Santa Monica, California
1951 - 19.54 Statistical Control and Information Theory, Northrop Aircraft Company,
Hawthorne, California
1949 - 1950 Cosmic Ray Physics, Microscopy, Atomic Energy Commission, Brookhaven
National Laboratories, Upton, New York
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS
American Association for the Advancement of Science- (Elected Fellow, January, 1981)
American Statistical Association (Elected Fellow, August, 1974)
Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability
Biometric Society
Econometric Society '
~~~:~-
~~ ^r~?
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International Statistical Institute (Elected December 1979)
Institute of Mathematical Statistics (Elected Fellow, 1981)
New York academy of Sciences (Elected March, 1979)
Royal Statistical Society (Elected Fellow, 1971)
The Institute of Management Sciences
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Garrison Rapmund, M.D.
Major General (Retired), United States Army
EDUCATION
d B
1972
- 1975
ted for Army
Administra ioln~half MBArcurnculuml co pleted whenan
War College, which superseded MBA course.
1964
- 1965
Chinese (Mandarin), private tutorial in Malaysia
1959
- 1960
1949
- 1953
College of Physicians & Surgeons (P & S),
Columbia University. M.D. Degree
1945
- 1949
Harvard College. A.B. Degree
1934
- 1945
St. Andrew's College Preparatory School, Aurora, Ontario, Canada
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL TRAINING:
1961 NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship in Microbiology at P & S, Columbia
1954 - 1957 Pediatric residency: Babies Hospital, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical
Center, New York; Chief Resident Pediatrician, 1956 - 1957
1953 - 1954 Internship, Bellevue Hospital,. New York
PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION:
1961 Certified in Pediatrics by the American Board of Pediatrics
Medical Licenses: New York No. 077729-1
California No. G-004697
MILITARY EDUCATION:
1976 Army War College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
1966 Officer Career Course, Medical Field Service School,
Fort Sam Houston, 'Ibxas
1957 Officer Orientation Course, Medical Field Service School,
Fort Sam Houston, Texas
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
Present Position Consultant to Systems Engineering and Management Associates,
Falls Church, Virginia
Responsible for facilitating commercialization of Strategic Defense Initiative technologies to the
health care industry and the life sciences research community.
1987 - 1990 Chief Scientist (Biomedical Operations), Flow General, Inc.,
McLean, Virginia
Advised the Chief Executive Officer on health-related activities of the six subsidiary companies
world-wade. Served as Director, Biomedical and Veterinary Services Division, Flow Laboratories,
Inc., owned by Flow General, Inc.
1957 - 1986 United States Army
lion 1966edroomoted toDMAJ (1964),1LTC ( 967), COL (19 8), BG (1979), MG (1981) Retu~ed Sep-
, ,p
tember 1986.
-~
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MILITARY AS SIGNMENTS:
1979 - 198Cro Assistant Surgeon General (R & D)
Pentagon, Washington, DC
Represented medical R & D on the Army General Staff and to the Office of the Secretary of Defense,
Office of Management and Budget, and Congressional committees.
1979 - 1986 Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development (USAMRDC),
Fort Detrick, Maryland
Supervised execution of a broad biomedical research program leading to the development of the fol-
lowing kinds of products for protection of the health of military personnel: drugs and vaccines against
infectious diseases and biological warfare agents; drugs against chemical warfare agents; field medical
materiel for the diagnosis, resuscitation and treatment of severe trauma; definition of human perfor-
mance limit's in the operation of Army aviation, in the operation of Army weapon systems, and in all
types of climatic extremes.
1976 - 1979 Director, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR),
Washington, DC
Command of largest DoD medical research lab (1400 personnel, $40M budget), including research
units in Thailand, Malaysia, Brazil, Kenya, and West Germany.
1975
- 1976
Deputy Director, WRAIR
1974
- 1975
Associate Director for Operations, WRAIR
'I~oubleshooting the worl-wide operations of WRAIR.
1972 - 1974 Chief, Life Sciences Division, Army Research Office, and Chief, Life
Sciences Directorate, Office of the Chief of Research and Development,
Headquarters, Department of the Army (HQDA)
Only physician on Army General Staff; staff responsibility for food as well as all medical R & D.
1971 Deputy Commander, USAMRDC Headquarters
1970 - 1971 Chief; Research Planning Office, USAMRDC Headquarters
Prepared first long-range plan for Army medical research.
1969 - 1970 Development Command (US~IMRDC) Headquarters Bch and
Senior staff cognizance for medical and environmental research.
1965 - 1969 Commander, US Medical Research Unit, Kuala Lumpur
Planned and executed lab and field research on rickettsia) and other diseases with British, Australian,
New Zealand, Thai, and Malaysian Armed Forces, and with Malaysian Ministry of Health, in Malaysia,
Thailand, and Borneo.
1964 - 1965 Department Chief, US Army Medical Research Unit, Kuala Lumpur:
Department of Rickettsia) Diseases
Mite-borne typhus research.
1961 - 1964 Research Officer, WRAIR: Department of Rickettsia) Diseases
Tick-borne spotted fevers.
1958 - 1960 Research Officer, US Army Medical Research Unit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Arthropod-borne viruses, mite-borne typhus.
1957 - 1958 Research Officer, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR):
Diagnostic Section, Department of Virus Diseases
Influenza, arthropod-borne viruses.
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Melvin Schwartz
Scientific Oversight Committee
EDUCATION:
1958 Ph.D., Columbia University
1953 A.B., Columbia University
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1956
- 1957
Research Associate, Brookhaven National Laboratory
1957
- 1958
Associate Physicist, Brookhaven National Laboratory
195$
- 1960
Assistance Professor, Columbia University
1960
- 1963
Associate Professor, Columbia University
1963
- 19fv6
Professor, Columbia University
1966
- 1983
Professor, Stanford University
1983 -Present
Consulting Professor, Stanford University
1970
- 1991
Chairman/CEO, Digital Pathways, Inc.
1991 -Present
Associate Director for High Energy and Nuclear Physics,
Brookhaven National Laboratory
PUBLICATIONS:
Principles of Electrodynamics McGraw-Hill - 1972
Dover Press - 1985
Approximately forth scientific articles in the field of High Energy Physics.
RESEARCH:
While at Columbia and Stanford: High Energy experimental particle physics with particular emphasis
on weak interactions. Most noted achievement is the discovery of Muon type neutrinos.
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Yervant Tertian
Scientific Oversight Committee
Yervant'I~rzian is the James A. Weeks Professor of Physical Sciences, and is the Chairman of the De-
partment of Astronomy at Cornell University. He has been a member of the University faculty for 26
years (the fnrst three of which were spent at Cornell's Arecibo Observatory.) He is also a Professor in
the graduate Meld of History and Philosophy of Science and'Ibchnology. His fields of expertise are the
physics of the Interstellar Medium, Galaxies, and Radio Astronomy. He has been a Visiting Professor
at various universities including the University of Montreal (Canada), the University of Thessaloniki
(Greece), and the University of Florence (Italy.) He has been Chairman or member of numerous na-
tional and international scientific committees affiliated with NASA, the U.S. National Academy of
Sciences, and the International Astronomical Union. He has been President of Cornell's Sigrna Xi
Scientific Research Society; Chairman of Cornell's Research Policies Committee, a Danforth
Associate, and a Research Professor with the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center. he is a
member of the International Astronomical Union, the International Union of Radio Science, the
American Astronomical Society, and the Society for Scientific Exploration, among other memberships.
His is an Associate Editor of The Astrophysical Journal. in 1984, he received the Clark Distinguished
Award for :Excellence in Ti;aching. In 1988, he was appointed Director to the New York Cluster of the
Pew Undergraduate Program in Science Education, and in 1989 he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of
Science Degree from Indiana University for his scientific achievements. In 1990, he was elected For-
eign Meml-er of the Armenian Academy of Sciences. he is the author or co-author of more than 150
scientific publications and the editor of four books. At Cornell he teaches a popular undergraduate
course on "The Nature of the Universe" and graduate radio astrophysics courses.
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Philip G. Zimbardo
Scientific Oversight Committee
EDUCATION:
1959 Ph.D., Yale University
1988 M.S., Yale University
1954 A.B., Brooklyn College
PROFES SIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1968 -Present Professor, Department of Psychology, Stanford University
1970 - 1988 Director, Stanford University Social Psychology Research'I~aining Program
1969 - 1980 Co-Director (with Dr. E. Hilgard), Stanford Hypnosis Research Laboratory
1963 - 1967 'Raining and Research in Hypnosis, Morton Prince Clinic, New York
1961 - 1968 Assistant/Associate Professor, New York University
1959 - 1960 Post Doctoral'Il:ainee, West haven Veteran's Hospital
1959 - 1962 Research Associate, Dr. S. Sarason, Yale University
1958 - 1961 Instructor/Assistant Professor, Yale University
Visiting Professor: Yale, Barnard College, Stanford, Columbia University, University of Louvain (Bel-
gium), Urniversity of Texas, University of Hawaii, International Graduate School of Behavioral
Sciences, Ilorida Institute of 'Iirchnology at Lugano, Switzerland.
EDUCATION:
19gg Order of Merit List Selectee, US Army War College
19$9 US Army Computer Science School, Artificial Intelligence Orientation
19gg Science Applications International Corporation,
Soviet Military Operations Research Course
1985 US Army Command and General Staff College
1970 Bachelor of Arts, University of Miami
PROFES SIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1990 - 1991 Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park, CA.
Employed by the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory to participate in a number of
anomalous cognition experiments.
1984 - Present Student and Author-Instructor, US Army Command and General Staff
College
Prepare and present large and small group instruction to student officers in areas of advanced tactics,
intelligence and Electronic Warfare operations, and Soviet tactics including Soviet Automated 'Loop
Control. Developer of threat scenarios. Recognized Subject Matter Expert (SME) for US Army Intel-
ligence and Electronic Warfare operations. Designer of the Artificial Intelligence decision support
methodologies for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sponsored AirLand Battle
Management (ALBM) Program. Principal instructor far Advanced Tactical Operations. Voting mem-
ber of the prestigious CGSC Master Tactician Board. Developer of the standardized targeting and
'Ibch-
collection management doctrine to support 1989 publication of Corps Deep Operations Tactic
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Technical propose
niques and Procedures manual.
19$1 - 1983 Tactical Intelligence Officer
Principal intelligence staff officer (S3) for a heavy maneuver brigade and principal assistance (G2/Ops)
for a heavy division. Direct the activities of a 12 person intelligence element at brigade, ensuring con-
tinuous 24--hour intelligence support to the brigade and subordinate battalions during field opera-
tions. At division level, coordinate and direct the activities of six principal G2 elements and the intelli-
gence requirements of four major and six separate subordinate commands of the division in garrison,
during contingency planning, and during field deployment.
1970 - 1980 Human Intelligence Case Officer and Counterintelligence Special Agent
in tactical and strategic settings.
Plan, coordinate and execute unilateral and bilateral collection operations in support of theater com-
mand intelligence needs. Conduct liaison with national level federal and military agencies in areas of
positive collection and technical surveillance countermeasures.
SKILLS:
Career Army Military Intelligence Officer highly experienced in all-source intelligence operations
from national level through maneuver battalion. A Human Intelligence Case Officer fully experienced
in the development and conduct of highly sensitive and compartmented Department ofDefense collec-
tionoperations. a Counterintelligence Special Agent experienced insecurity analysis and investigative
procedures. A tactical intelligence officer experienced at brigade, division and corps level. A trainer of
soldiers through the general officer level in intelligence and electronic warfare subjects, Soviet-style
operational art and tactics, and US Army operational decisior~mellcin nan and Electroni~Warfarerdyd
Subject Matter Expert and Knowledge Engineer in US Army g.
terns, operations and methods and the application of emerging Artificial Intelligence hardware and
software technologies to Army operations. Current SBI.
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Daryl J. Bem
EDUCATION:
1961 - 1964 Ph.D., Social Psychology, University of Michigan
1960 - 1961 Graduate work in physics, Massachusetts Institute of'Ii;chnology
1956 - 1960 B.A., Physics, Reed College
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1978 -Present Professor of Psychology, Cornell University
1987 - 1988 Visiting Professor of Psychology, Harvard University
1978 - 1971 Professor of Psychology, Stanford University
1964 - 1971 Assistant Professor to Professor of Psychology & Industrial Administration,
Caznegie-Mellon University
PROFESSIONAL SERVICE:
Personality Editor, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1976 - 1978
Consulting Editor, Journal of Personality, 1982 - 1984
Consulting Editor, Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior,l9$2 -Present
Consulting Editor, Psychological Review, 1982 - 1988
Review Board Member for several other journals.
Member at Large of the Division of Behavioral Sciences of the National Research Council (National
Academy of Sciences). 1971 - 1974.
Testimony on the psychological effects of false confessions, delivered before the Senate Subcommittee
on Constitutional Amendments of the Committee on the Judiciary. July 20,1966.
Consultant to Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission, 1970.
Author with 5. Bem of Training the woman to know her place: The social antecedents of women in the
world of work, distributed by the Pennsylvania Department of Education to guidance counselors. 1970.
Several similar articles over the years in various magazines, journals, and textbooks, including: Bem, D.
J. (Fa11,1987). A Consumer's Guide to Dual-Career Mamages. ILR Report, 25, No. 1.
Research and testimony for the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission before the Federal
Communications Commission on sex-segregated practices at AT & T. 1972.
Member of the Secretary's Advisory commission of the Rights and Responsibilities of Women (Com-
mission serving as advisors to the Secretary of Health, Education & Welfare.) 1972 - 1973.
Consultant to the League of Women Voters in asex-discrimination suit against the U.S. Department
of Labor (with S. Bem.)
Consultant in several other sex-discrimination cases.
-~,
37
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Joseph G. Depp
1970 Ph.D. Theoretical Nuclear Physics, Carnegie Mellon University
1966 M.S. Physics, Carnegie Mellon University
1965 B.S. Physics, Carnegie Mellon University
PROFES SIONAL EXPERIENCE:
Dr. Depp served as an officer in the U.S. Army from October 1969 to June 1971. During this period, he
worked as ~~ strategic intelligence analyst for the Defense Intelligence Agency. He also served a tour in
Vietnam as the Operations/Intelligence Officer for the 21st Signal Corps. He left active duty as a cap-
tain having received honors as the Distinguished Military Graduate, the two-time recipient of the
Army Commendation Medal, and the recipient of the Bronze Star.
Dr. Depp joined SRI International (then Stanford Reseazch Institute) as a Research Physicist in July
1971. For 'the next five years, he served as manager of a classified field program sponsored by the De-
fense Nuclear Agency and under the operational control of the JCS/Joint Reconnaissance Center. In
recognition of his contribution to this national program, Dr. Depp was awarded the Exceptional Public
Service Medal by the Defense Nuclear Agency.
In 1976, Dir. Depp was named manager of SRI's Electro-Optics Program. During this period, the Elec-
tro-Optics Program produced the country's first operational differential absorption lidar. The trans-
portable lidaz system was built for the Electric Power Research Institute. It was used by EPRI as part of
a five-year field program to measure sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere. Dr. Depp also supervised sev-
eral programs to examine the vulnerability of laser-guided weapons to optical countermeasures and
participated in the development of a design concept for the integrated reconnaissance system.
In 1979, Dr. Depp became the founding director of SRI's Special Systems Office (SSO). For seven
years, the SSO provided an interface for applying SRI technologies to the problems of intelligence
collection and processing. In 1979-1980, Dr. Depp led a multicontractoreffort toproduce afive-year
plan for Air Staff Intelligence (AFIN). This plan began with an examination of Air Force roles and
missions, developed collection requirements for these mission, assessed current and planned capability
to meet tl.~e requirements, and recommended technology and system initiatives to fill shortfalls.
During the early to mid-80's, Dr. Depp supervised the design, development, and deployment of an HF
system to detect atmospheric nuclear bursts. The system is still in use at several overseas locations.
During the same period, Dr. Depp participated in the evaluation of the vulnerability of certain Stealth
aircraft. He contributed to the IR signature analysis and he prepared a report on the detectability of
LPI radar..
Dr. Depp joined Science Applications International Corporation in 1986. He began the Advanced Ap-
plications Division (AAD) in the SAIC Los Altos Office. The AAD focused primarily on the applica-
tion ofactive and passive optical technology. During this period, Dr. Depp was a participant in amulti-
38
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contractor study, the Exploitation 'Ihchnology Initiative, which determined the requirements for
automated assistance to imagery analysts and recommended a development program to meet the re-
quirements.
In January 19$9, Dr. Depp joined Advanced Decisions Systems (ADS) as Manager of Special Pro-
grams. In this position, he provided in-depth technical expertise for a broad set of applications. In
March 19$9, Dr. Depp assumed the supervision of a major ADS program for the development and de-
ployment of a situation assessment system for US ARMY EUROPE. The system was completed on
time and successfully deployed to Europe for a demonstration. In July 1989, at the request of ADS
corporate rnanagement, Dr. Depp formed the ADS Research Department to provide a clear path for
technology migration into ADS from the universities. Dr. Depp was named manager of the Planning
and Systems Control Division in Apri1,1991. The P&C Division is the largest division within ADS. It's
programs are in the areas of advanced planning systems for defense C2, automated scheduling systems,
and automonous vehicles. Dr. Depp remained the division manager until he left ADS to form a new
company, ACCURAY, in October, 1991.
Dr. Depp is currently the president and CEO of ACCURAY Inc. ACCURAY is a medical electronics
company formed to bring to market a new device for radiosurgery, the Neurotron 1000. ACCURAY
has been formed with private funding. It enjoys close ties with Stanford University Hospital, which will
provide clinical testing for the Neurotron 1000.
39
Approved For Release 20~.~~{~I~-007898003100200001-5
 ~- proveld For Release ~~~4~~~~if~96-007898003100200001-5
Technical ~o a
Jennifer Lovejoy Dole
1987 - 1991 B.A. Psychology, University of Kansas
Graduated magna cum laude. Phi Beta Kappa.
EMPLOYMENT:
1991 -Present Research Assistant, The Lucidity Institute
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
Jennifer Dole's position at the Lucidity Institute sprang from her keen interest in lucid dreaming. Lucid
dreaming is defined as dreaming while knowing that you are dreaming, and is the primary focus of the
research efforts of the Lucidity Institute. Jennifer Dole had been experimenting with lucid dreams
since early childhood, but did not realize this was an area of scientific investigation until 1986, when she
came across the work of the psychophysiologist, Dr. Stephen LaBerge, founder of the Lucidity Insti-
tute.
This is her first year of employment following graduation. Her duties at the Institute, and as an assistant
to Dr. LaBerge, include collection and entry of data, operation of equipment in the sleep laboratory,
and much contact with subjects. Jennifer Dole also has specialized technical knowledge of the compa-
ny'scomputerized biofeedback device, the DreamLight, which is used to facilitate the induction of lucid
dreams. She responds to the queries of DreamLight users, and offers solutions to overcoming impedi-
ments they may encounter while working with the product.
Jennifer Dole has worked with the Lucidity Institute in all stages of experiments designed to expand the
knowledge of lucid dreaming, and to further describe the potential of this powerful state of conscious-
ness. She has experience in lucid dreaming research as a collaborator in the creation and design of ex-
perimentalprotocols, and as both technician and subject in the sleep laboratory.
Jennifer Dole is capable of applying her personal and professional knowledge of lucid dreaming to the
scientific investigation of other discrete mental states.
40
Approved For Release 20~,j~'Q~$/~~-007898003100200001-5
 Technical Pr~~o?s~aCd For Release ~~~~~96-007898003100200001-5
Thane J. Frivold
Software Engineer
Geoscience and Engineering Center
? SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
1986 B.A., Computer Science (summa cum laude),
Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
PROFESSIONAL SKILLS:
Technical Expertise: user interface design and implementation, object-oriented design, database de-
sign and interface, statistical data analysis, systems programming.
Computer ]Languages: C, Objective-C, PostScript, SQL, LISP, ADA, Icon, Pascal, Mesa
Window Environments: X11 (Motif, Xt, Xlib), NeWS, SunView
Third Party Packages: SunUnify, PV-Wave, S, Ocalc, Mathematica, Macsyma, Interleaf OPS
Operating Systems: UNIX (BSD 4.3 and System V), Macintosh, MS-DOS, XDE
Foreign Language: French (spoken and written fluency)
REPRESENTATIVE PROJECT ASSIGNMENTS AT SRI (Since 19$6
Management of on-going maintenance and development for an existing C3 system (Sitmap)
Design ani9 implementation of a Motif user-interface for an existing C3 system (Sitmap/UTACCS)
Development of an X11 window manager to coordinate collaborative, multi-media conferencing
Development of a UNIX process management tool for use in the administration of C3 systems
Enhancement of user interface and graphics features for a C3 system running under NeWS (C21S)
Implementation of extensions to a NeWS server for efficient rendering of maps
Design of numerous relational databases
Development of high level (forms) and low level (C language) interfaces to numerous databases
Development of decision analysis methods using fuzzy set paradigms
Development of encoding schemes for outdoor scenes using fuzzy set paradigms
Development of analysis tools for study of magnetoencephlographicbmin wave data
Integratian of a Sun Workstation with CAMAC hardware for real-time data acquisition
OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
Public Response Associates: designed, developed and maintained areal-time opinion monitoring
tool for use in focus groups.
Dartmouth College: contributed to the design and development of an experimental, distributed rela-
tional database.
A roved For Release 20 41
pp g,/Q?,~~~00789R003100200001-5
 Approved For Release ~~0 /~1~~~~96-007898003100200001-5
T?chnical (Proposal
Keith Harary
1986
Ph.D. in Psychology, emphases in experimental psychology and
clinical counseling, Graduate School of the Union Institute
l
1975
ogy,
B.A., Magna Cum Laude with. Distinction in Psycho
Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
d
l
id
1972
- 1967
an
ua
Specialized training in crisis and suicide intervention, indiv
family counseling, Mental Health Center, Durham, North Carolina
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1990 - 1991 Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park, CA.
Employed by the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory to participate in a number of
anomalous cognition experiments.
1986 -Present President and Research Director, Institute for Advanced Psychology
Advanced laboratory and field research and education in cognition, perception, communication, cre-
ativity,learning, group dynamics and stress.
1983 - 1985 Design Consultant, Atari Corporation
Psychological consulting in design of video game software.
1980 - 1982 Research Consultant, SRI International
Advanced research and applications in cognition, perception and communication.
1979 Director of Counseling, Human Freedom Center
Crisis intervention counseling under clinical supervision in halfway house for former Peoples Temple
and other cult members re-entering mainstream society.
1976 - 1979 Research Associate, Department of Psychiatry, Maunonides Medical Center
Management of laboratory oiler staf consc ousnessscognit on, per eption and communication.arch in
sensory deprivation, altered state
1973 - 1976 Research Associate, Psychical Research Foundation
Experimental research in cognition, perception and physiological correlates of altered states of con-
sciousness, biofeedback, and human-animal communication.
1972 - 1976 Crisis Counselor, Durham Mental Health Center
Volunteer counseling in all aspects of crisis and suicide intervention, and supervising and training of
other counselors for crisis intervention hotline and drop-in center.
1974 Counseling Intern, School of Nursing, Duke University Medical Center
Psychological counseling under clinical supervision with terminally ill patients and their families.
~~ r-
?,
pproved For Release 2003 (~~$,{,D0789R003100200001-5
42
 - ,~ ~Approv~ed For Release ~~~~~~96-00789R003100200001-5
1974 Research Intern, Dorothea Dix State Psychiatric Hospital chiatric case
Studying Milieu Therapy, interviewing psychiatric patients and reviewing long-term psy
histories.
1972 Research Consultant, Foundation for Research on the Nature of an
Research in psychophysical phenomena associated with cognition, perception and communication.
1971 - 1972 Research Consultant, American Society for Psychical Reseazch
Research in cognition, perception and communication and physiological correlates of altered states of
consciousness.
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:
Member, American Psychological Association
Member, Society for Professional Journalists
Member, Association for Media Psychology
Member, Natianal Writers Union
43
pproved For Release 2003/~~~LC~~?789R003100200001-5
 Technical P1~~posaf- For Release ~~~~96-007898003100200001-5
Beverly S. Humphrey
EDUCATION:
Currently
Ph.D. graduate student, Anthropology, Stanford University
1977
B.A., Anthropology, Stanford University
1975
Language Study, The Goethe-Institut, Freiberg, Germany
1975
Archaeological Research, Stanford in Italy
SPECIALIZED PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE:
Historical and theoretical linguistics; languages (modern and ancient); cognitive anthropology; archae-
ologicalfield techniques.
REPRESENTATIVE RESEARCH ASSIGNMENTS AT SRI (Since 1978):
Design of computerized database management applications
Evaluatiorn of free-response psychoenergetic data and development of evaluation techniques
Development of psychokinesis experimental protocols and responsibility for PK experimentation
Investigation of target demarcation and target selection
Participation in RV experiments as both experiment monitor and beacon
OTHER PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
Historical linguistics researcher in ancient Greek at Stanford University
Psychoenergetics research consultant for The Mobius Group (archaeological Egyptian project)
Researcher in correlations between botanical anomalies and archaeological site locations, Florence,
Italy
?.
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 Technical~~~~~ For Release ~~(L~{/~5~~96-007898003100200001-5
Jean Jacobson
EDUCATION:
1985
Master of Science Degree, Water Resources Engineering,
Stanford University, Stanford, CA
180
Bachelor of Science Degree, Civil Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of'Ibchnology, Cambridge, MA
EMP
1989
LOYMENT:
-Present
Independent Contractor
Clients include SRI International and EMCONAssociates.
1988
- 1989
Senior'Ibchnical Writer and Editor, SRI Tnternational, Menlo Pazk, CA
1987
- 1988
Supervisor of Tl;chnical Writing, EMCON Associates, San Jose, CA
1985
- 1987
Associate Engineer, Leedshill-Herkenhoff, San Francisco, CA
1980
- 1984
Environmental Engineer, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Oregon Operations Office, Portland, OR
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
Writing and Editing. Responsible for writing and editing effective reports on a variety of topics: hazard-
ous waste ;site assessment and remediation, groundwater and surface water hydrology and chemistry,
radar, plasma dynamics, artificial intelligence, and many more. Have written policy guidance docu-
ments on sensitive drinking water issues for the general public and prepazed enforcement documents
for attorneys. Audiences have ranged from the highly technical and specialized readers of journal ar-
ticles to the general public targeted by press releases.
Have developed document style guidelines for several companies, streamlined their publication pro-
cess, and graven seminars on effective and persuasive writing. Familiar with microcomputers and numer-
ous word processing programs, including WordPerfect and Microsoft Word. Knowledgeable about
desktop publishing.
Engineering. Have developed site assessment, remediation, and closure plans addressing contami-
nated soils, surface water, and groundwater. Have installed monitoring wells and conducted short-
and long-term groundwater monitoring programs. Groundwater investigations have included
groundwater flow patterns, influence of geological fault zones, historical water quality trends, and safe
yield analyses. Inspected and provided technical assistance to drinking water systems; recommended
changes in facilities or operations (or both); reviewed plans. Responsible for ensuring public health was
protected during water system emergencies.
Research. As an engineer and writer, have conducted extensive literature searches, field investigations,
and interviews. At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at Stanford University, performed
original research in environmental and water resources engineering.
Graphics. Experienced in developing effective figures and tables and in working closely with graphics
artists to ensure the final product presents a clear, uncluttered summary of the data. Familiar with sev-
eral microcomputer graphic design programs.
Approved For Release 20pjj~$~~~~-007898003100200001-5
 Technical'~~i~8~~rf For Release ~~(g{/,~s~~96-007898003100200001-5
Gary Langford
M.S., Physics, California State University, Hayward
Thesis: Experimental Research of the metastable States of Helium,
Methane, and Ammonia
A.B., Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley
Graduate Paper: Kirkwood Gap Anomalies and Gravitational Tidal Forces
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1990 - 1991 Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park, CA.
Employed by the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory to participate in a number of
anomalous cognition experiments.
1985 -Present Geodynamics Corporation, Sunnyvale, California
1988 - 1991 Manager of Business Development
Responsible for corporate business development plan, corporate marketing strategy and Sunnyvale
business plan. Set up recruiting and hiring program for Sunnyvale, began in-house seminar series and
training courses. Reorganized and redirected marketing and sales activities. Worked with the staff to
prepare proposals, white papers, and presentations.
198$ Manager of System Engineering Department
'litrned around a department with morale problems; improved staff feelings of self worth; inspired high-
er performance to satisfy customers; and increased business and profit on department contracts. Pre-
pared engineering report and contingency plans far major U.S. Air Force installation.
1986 - 1988 Program Manager
Increased contract work from one individual to nineteen over a two year period. Was the primary inter-
face to prime customer, completing all contract negotiations. 'Rained all task managers and set up
seminars to improve the technical staff's marketing abilities. Responsible for training nineteen individ-
uals toprepare presentation materials for System Design Review; dvrected 115 engineers and managers
to prepare presentation materials for a Preliminary Design Review, and 260 for a Critical Design Re-
view. Received letters of commendation from customer and prime contractor, all three reviews were
resounding successes. Co-developed a digital engineering technique to geoposition points on the
earth's surface using synthetic aperture radar and geodetic reference maps. Designed the digital carto-
graphic data storage and retrieval system to support the needs of a ground station data processing and
image exploitation capability. helped develop the computer security policy for the program. Prepared
the advanced synthetic aperture radar image processing requirements, defined the image processing
requirements, and the human-machine interfaces.
1985 Member of the Professional Staff
Managed and trained agroup ofthirty-seven engineers and managers toprepare presentation materi-
als for a Critical Design Review. Customer stated that it was the most informative and best CDR they
had ever attended. Customer and Prime Contractor sent letters of commendation.
1984 - 1985 Private Investment Banking, Mountain View, California
Completed a merger between Maid-Rite and Argus'Ihchnology (deal valued at $78 million). Com-
pleted an acquisition of Zephre Design by Cal West Industries (deal valued at $28 million).
1983 - 1984 President and CEO of Zycom, Inc.
Profit and loss responsibility for $4.3 million public company (NASDAQ listed.)
Approved For Release 20~$~~~-007898003100200001-5
 Techntcal'~~~~~tf For Release ~(]~~~/~~~~$~96-00789R003100200001-5
1979 - 1983 President and CEO of Abacus II, Inc., Santa Clara, California
Profit and loss responsibility for $1.7 million computer manufacturing company. Designed a computer-
ized point--of-sale system for the fast-food industry. Major customers included: McDonald's, 5iz-
zler,'Iaco F3e11, and Sail-Thru. Started company in my garage, raised $4.5 million from U.S. venture
capitalist companies and two industrial companies, Verbatim Corporation and Matra, SA. Took the
company public in 1983 through merger with Zycom, Inc.
1979 - 1985 Owner of Consultants International, Mountain View, California
Profit and lass responsibility for $300 thousand business.. U.S. based consulting group focused on scien-
tific and technical intelligence for the federal government. Participated in President's Working Groups
on Strategic Planning.
1974 - 1979 Physicist, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
Specialized in scientific and technical intelligence. Responsible for foreign technology assessments in
areas of dvrected energy weapons, strategic defense radars, tactical elements and communications, and
facilities.
1971 - 1974 Research Engineer, Lockheed Missiles & Space Company,
Sunnyvale, California
Space sensor technology engineering and qualification testing. Managed activities of high energy laser
laboratory. Awarded two patents: one for night vision equipment, other for non-destructive testing
device used to test the fuel system on C4 missiles.
1973 Physics Instructor, Foothill Junior College, Los Altos Hills, California
Taught first year physics for non-majors.
1970 - 1971 Associate Physics Instructor, California State University, Hayward,
California
1965 - 1970 Fruitvale Canning Company, Oakland, California
Started low-level and was promoted to Assistant Foreman after two summers. Responsible for night
shift operations of canning department. Restructured night work crews over a two night period and
increased production by more than 50%.
Approved For Release 20(~?~r~~00789R003100200001-5 47
 Approved For Release ~~0 /~~~~~96-007898003100200001-5
Technicall'roposal
Nevin D. Lantz
EDUCATION:
1979 Ph.D. Clinical Psychology, California School of Professional Psychology
1976 M.A. Clinical Psychology, California School of Professional Psychology
1969 B.S. Natural Science, Eastern Mennonite College
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1990 -Present Consulting Psychologist, Self-Employed, Lititz, PA
Provide consultation services to individuals, groups and industry in the areas of employee development,
management development, problem-solving, training and other issues relating to the use of human
resources in research and employment settings.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA
1985 - 1990 Senior Research Psychologist,
Multi-disciplinary "think-tank" doing contract research for government and private industry.
Worked with a staff of 10 in the Cognitive Sciences Program conducting experiments in hypnosis, per-
sonality assessment, and brain function using MEG. Responsible for experimental protocols, conduct-
ing experiments, repor~erit~no e t b cdeveloping informed con en~pro edures and forms, subm t ng
human use officer for p ~ Y ,
experimental protocols to and interacting with the SRI Institutional Review Board and acting as project
liaison to the client's human use representatives. Became familiar with all aspects of protecting human
subjects from research risks.
1985 - 1989 Private Practice, Berkeley, CA
Psychotherapy practice specializing in cognitive therapy for depression, relationship problems, and
other neurotic disorders. Utilized hypnosis for controlling addictions.
1982 - 1985 Acalanes Psychology Associates, Walnut Creek, CA
Co-four-der of group psychotherapy practice specializing in family therapy, psychological assessment
and consultation. Provided counseling and employee development services to small businesses.
Alameda Co. Health Services, Oakland, CA
1979 - ].983 Staff Psychologist (Licensed CP),
eneral
Delivered psychological services to the psychiatric and medical in-patienchotheraf a n'sis in erven-
hospital. Duties included psychological assessment, DMS III diagnosis, psy PY~
tion, andl expert witness in court cases involving involuntary hospitalization. Developed and conducted
training programs for mental health employees aimed at increasing communication skills.
1977 - ~L985 Private Practice (Licensed MFCC), San Francisco, CA
Counseling practice specializing in marriage, family and adolescent problems.
1975 - 1977 Counselor, National Center for Solving Special Social and Health Problems,
San Francisco, CA
Approved For Release 200 07898003100200001-5 48
~L~~~
 Technical P~~posaf~ For Release ~~~~96-00789R003100200001-5
Served as a counselor in a community clinic that dealt with alcohol addiction, drug addiction, sexual
dysfunction, and relationship difficulties.
1970 - 1972 Mental Health Specialist, Illinois State Psychiatriac Institute, Chicago, IL
Provided staffing for in-patient, emotionally disturbed/delinquent adolescent research program. Du-
ties included working with amulti-disciplinary staff developing and carrying out individualized treat-
mentplans using a variety of therapeutic modaliries, administration of psychotherapeutic medications,
group therapy, and collecting data for research purposes.
?.
Approved For Release 20~($~{~~00789R003100200001-5 49
 Technical~~8~1$~ For Release ~~(Q /{~'~96-007898003100200001-5
Ellen S. Messer
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1990 - 1991 Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo _ Park, CA.
Employed by the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory to participate in a number of
anomalous cognition experiments.
1989 -Present Associate 'Rainer, Program Development Specialist
DeT.oayaza Associates
'Raining management and support staff in Human Relations Skills, Meeting Effectiveness and Career
Development. Developing and producing workshop materials.
1989 -Present 'Tlrainer, Materials Development Writer
Innovations Group
Facilitating seminars in the concepts and applications of the Organizational Entrepreneur.
1988 -Present Associate Facilities Trainer
The O'Neil Group
Presenting Xerox Leadership Through Quality Programs to management and support staff in Xerox
Business Service Centers throughout the United States.
1985 -Present Co-Director,'I~ainer, Program Planning and Development Writer
ACT Associates, Professional Communication Skills and Organization
Development Consultants
Developing and writing presentations and workshop instructional materials. Presenting and facilitat-
ing management and support staff seminazs in human relations technology specializing in Applied
Communication and Assertiveness Skills.
1985 - 1989 Associate Trainer, JEA Associates
Presenting seminars and workshops in Management Skills, Team Building and Presentation Skills. Spe-
cializing in Organizing Skills Training based on ~gyond Ti_rr~e Manaee^~Pn+' Oreanizin~ the Organiza-
tion authored by Dr. Jane E. Allen.
19$5 - 1989 Associate Trainer, Wilcox Training Systems
Presenting programs in Problem Solving and Supervisory Skills.
19$4 - 1987 Program Development Writer/Field Coordinator and Trainer,
New York State Office of Human Resource Development
Developed and produced three day module of Supervisory Transition Skills for the New York State De-
partment of Social Services. Delivered program to personnel throughout the state of New York.
1981 - 1986 Co-Director/Facilitator, Copwood Associates - Cazeer Skills Development
Consultants
Structured, developed and presented workshops and seminazs in all aspects of personnel management
including appraisals, team development, managerial skills, stress management, and creativity.
~r - ?.
Approved For Release 2~-007898003100200001-5 50
 Technicall~~~$~~ For Release ~~v~?,i96-007898003100200001-5
S. James P. Spottiswoode
1976 - 1979 BSc., Applied Mathematics, First Class Honors, University of Wales
PROFES SIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1981 - 1990 Consultant, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
Research on applications of pattern recognition and signal analysis to the detection of anomalous
cognition and on the measurement problem in quantum mechanics.
1987 - 1989 Consultant and Chief Statistician, National Research Group, Los Angeles,
California
Numerical modeling, simulation and forecasting of motion picture revenues.
1984 - 1986 Consultant, World Bank
Design of appropriate computer installations for agronomic monitoring in Africa.
1979 - 1984 Consultant, AGA Signals Plc, London
Design of rnicrocomputer hardware, numerical analysis, and optics for navigational aids.
1971 - 1975 Research Assistant, Department of Geology, University of Wales
Research into sub bottom profiling, side scan sonar systems, high intensity underwater sound sources
and hydrophone arrays.
Approved For Release 20j~$~~~~-007898003100200001-5 51
 Approv~d For Release~~4~s~~~96-007898003100200001-5
Technical F~roposa
John F. Stach
EDUCATION:
1979 M.S.E.E., Electromagnetics, communications, pattern recognition,
and control systems, Air Force Institute of Thchnology, WPAFB, OH
1978 B.S.E.E., Electromagnetics, communications, computers and optics,
Michigan'Iirchnological Umversity, Houghton, MI
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1990 - 1991. Science Applications International Corporation, Menlo Park, CA.
Employed by the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory to participate in a number of
anomalous cognition experiments.
1984 -Present Research Engineer, Remote Measurements Lab, SRI International,
Menlo Park, California
Project and task leader for many research projects including development of electromagnet li ations of
ment and s:unulation techniques, imaging methods, linear and nonlinear optimization, app '
adaptive networks and systems, and classification of biological signals. Responsibilities include techni-
cal management, research, and promotional activities.
1982 - 1983 Branch Chief (Captain, USAF), DSCS III Satellite Program, USAF Space
Division, Los Angeles, California
'Ii;chnical ranagement of the communications payload. of the DSCS III satellite. Responsibilities in-
cluded all communications related research, development, and deployment of the operational DSC5
III system.
1979 - 1982 Project Engineer (Captain, USAF), Aeronautical Systems Division,
WPAFB, OH
Performed technical consulting and applied research for various project offices within ASD. Duties
included C'o-op training; and antenna simulation, testing, and evaluation on full-scale aircraft.
PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS:
M.S. Thesis,1979: "Validation and Receiver Design for a Random Point Process Model of Atmospher-
ic Radio Noise:'
URSI Conference, 1988: "Extrapolation of RCS Data Using an Admittance-Matrix Model," Syra-
cuse, NY.
ACES Conference, 19$9: "Improving Moment-Method Predictions Using Measurements," Monte-
rey, CA.
URSI Conference, 1989: "On the Use of Measurements in Moment-Method Predictions," San Jose,
CA.
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS:
IEEE
International Neural Network Society (INNS)
Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES)
Planetary Society
Approved For Release 20~~~?~~~-007898003100200001-5 ~`
 Approved For Release~~~ 4~'N~~P96-007898003100200001-5
Technical Proposal
Jessica M. Utts
EDUCATION:
1978 Ph.D., Statistics, Pennsylvania State University
1975 M.A., Statistics, Pennsylvania State University
1973 B.A., Math and Psychology, State University of New York at Binghamton
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE:
1984 -Present Associate Professor, Division of Statistics and Director, Statistical
Laboratory, University of California, Davis
1987 - 1988 Visiting Scientist, SRI International, Cognitive Sciences Program,
Menlo Park, California
1983,1984 - 1985 Visiting Professor, Stanford University, Department of Statistics
1979 - 1984 Assistant Professor, University of California, Davis, Division of Statistics
1978 - 1979 Assistant Professor, University of California, Davis, Department of
Mathematics
1978 Instructor, Pennsylvania State University, Department of Statistics
ACADEMIC HONORS:
Fellow, American Statistical Association
Academic Senate Distinguished Teaching Award, University of California, Davis,1984
Magnar Ronning Award for Teaching Excellence, University of California, Davis, 1981
National Science Foundation 'IYaineeship, Pennsylvania State University, 1973 - 1974
Phi Beta Kappa, State University of New York at Binghamton,1973
PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS AND OFFICES:
American Association for the Advancement of Science: Biometric Soc. Rep. to Section U, 1988 -
American Statistical Association: President, State College PA Chapter, 1977 - 1978
Biometric. Society, Western North American Region (WNAR): President, 1986; Regional Committee,
1982 -? 1984; Program Chair, 1983
Caucus for Women in Statistics: President, 1988
Institute of Mathematical Statistics: TYeasurer,1988 - ;Assistant Program Secretary, 1980, 1989
Parapsychological Association: Representative to AAAS,1989 -
Phi Beta Kappa: President of UC Davis Chapter, 1984 - 1985, Vice President, 1983 - 1984
Society for Scientific Exploration: Council Member, 1987 -
Approved For Release 200 i~~~F~~}00789R003100200001-5 53
 Approved For Release~Q4 ~~~-~-~~96-007898003100200001-5
Technical Proposal uu''``~~
MAJOR CONSULTATIONS AND PANELS:
National Academy of Sciences, Panel on the Evaluation of AIDS Interventions
Congressional Office of'Ibchnology pssessmen T Re~u?c~ anagemeent'Itainees gies
National Park Service, Statistics Short Course fo
California Department of Health Services, Course on Statistics for Groundwater
SRI International Cognitive Sciences Program, Consultant
California Public Utilities Commission, Consultant
Hershey Medical Center, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Study, Consultant
ABC News 20/20 Program, Interview (appeared July 4,1985)
EDITORIAL POSITIONS:
Associate Editor, Joumal of the American Statistical Association, Reviews
Statistical ]Editor, Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research
pproved For Release 200~p~+ 07898003100200001-5 54
~1V ~~~~
 _~_,__, ~Q,~,~d For Release ~~s~~96-007898003100200001-5
NAME:
160RN:
.MARITAL
STATUS:
OFFICE
ADDRESS:
HOME
ADDRESS:
Department of Health Resee 4ch anted Prlicy~ 94305 5092
Biostatistics, HRP, Room 1 G d+
Phone: [phone]
g,A, 1952
EDUCATION: University of Minnesota
Major: Mathematics M.A. 1955
University of Minnesota
Major. Statistics Ph.D. 1959
University of Minnesota
Major: Biostatistics
iViinor. Mathematics
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENT-S:
Assistant Professor, Biometry Division
1959_1961
University of Minnesota
Associate Professor, Biometry Division
1961-1965
University of Minnesota
Professor and Head, Biometry Division
Director of Graduate Study in Biometry
University of Minnesota
1965_1968
Professor and Head, Division of Biostatistics
California
ersit
i
d U
1968-
y,
v
n
Stanfor
Acting Chairman, Department of Family,
1975_1976
Community and Preventive Medicine
,
1984
Stanford University
Chairman, Department of Health
1988-
Research and Policy
Stanford University
o~ase 2003/Q~ ~1~~789R003100200001-5
 Technical F~~~~~d For Release ~~! ~t~~~~96-007898003100200001-5
REt:OGNITION AND HONORS:
B.A, magna cum laude, Univ, of Minnesota
Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Xi
Fellow, American Statistical Association
Fellow, Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association
1Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Who's Who in America; Dictionary of~ International Biography
Statistics Section Award, American Public Health Assn., 1983
International Institute of Statistics
Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETY MEMBERSHIPS:
American Statistical Association
Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Biometric Society
American Heart Association
American Association for the
Advancement of Science
or a ease 200/~y~$,,: ~~0789R003100200001-5 56
 Technical ~~~sl~~d For Release h,bbSS~~96-00789R003100200001_5
Address:
uAav PANOAI-~- `~fMOTO, t1.D.
p;vtsion of Occupational p1edl~ine
100 Homer Avenue
tr~to n!to, CA g~30 t
Palo A1t4 Medical Foundatlon
SGFOIA3
Date ~of birth:
P.[3E:iJNI-PQ-~i.1-Lt~.~.:
0/88 -present
Healtfi Cie
Medical Director, Occupational Medicine Department,
p!vialon, peto Alto Medial Foundation
Medical Director -Travel Medicine Clinic, aa;o Alto Medical Foundation,
Pal o At tc, C.~
dt,'7,8dER"tiG A-Pt~O1NT_T_'_t~dl.~.~
~ ,c~:1t C;tr~?.l.:~: ~~v~essor of MediC11'tF, Depar`~,tnert ;f ^lecfcire
! 991 - pmsent A_S:..
Stanford University Medical Center. Stanford. CA
i 98'7 - tiresent
Assistant C~inica; ~ro
z~epartment of ^~edtci
Califomi8, San rranci
'es,or of Medicine.
re, Sctrsot or t^~iicine, ~.lniver~ity of
sco, i A
'
Clinical lnstructor'n
Medicine, Depantiment of medicine
7 -
198
i 989
5>rantorc tmtivers~ty M
pS:oci2te t.T1ei, tnvi
ec!;Cal Center, stanf:r~ ~, CA
s;on of c~CWpatia~ral Medicine a~:
ter
1986 -
t 988
~p1Qy~ee Health Serv
,
ices, Santa Clara valley Medical Cen
1985 -
1987
San Jose, CA
A~ss~netUniversity
Medici ,
fA
of CaliforniatMedl~cai Ce +enter Sa Dle9o,
1983 -
! 985
C1lnicai InstrurtCr o
tAliversity of Caiifo
iMQdlcine. De~mtent otr~otcme,
rniaMlediCal Center, San Diega, CA
19F13 -
; 905
Pos~mert ~f ate ac
DeA
Center. San Dieao. C
aneaUnivers~ y af1Ca atom ~~Mietl>q~=
ry
i tC~NStNG. AND CERTii=~CATiON:
t 4iiG
t 4~BQ
~43G7S
AF~GRt;Rfi7
Medtrai License, State o! Cai!fomia
OEA Pepigtratior? nur~?t~er
t 483
f3R~ i ~~
Bfk31'ti certified. American aflard of Internal MediCfne
t 4,QG
2?4n~
Board certltteo, American Board of P+~evenUverlediclne
(Occupational !riedicinej
-~~~.~?
pproved For Release 200~r~~4~p~4j00789R003100200001-5 57
 Technical pS~i'd For ReleaselZ~~`QI~~~96-007898003100200001-5
~~~~
! 9132 - ! 983 Medical Cafe! RtS~dent
Ger~t {nternat t"{~diclne, Department of
Medicine, University of Catiforniar'ledical Cent'. San D1ego-
t;A
1980 - t 982 nedlcal Resident of California Medical
Qepartment of Medicine. University
center, San Otego, cA
! 979 _ 1980 Medical Intern:
p$partment of Medicine, University of CaitforniaMedical
Center- San pi@go, CA
1975 - ! 979 Medical Sch'oo'l:
M.D.: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, N.Y.
e~ ; ! - ; 4 % ~ College
g,p.: Oberlin College. Oberlin, OH
~~A"S' 7 1ne Al~jort
,,?;~ oupir Memorta4 AwSM in P~.;lmoraN MPO~c ,
'? ~'" c3nstein College of Medtcfne
Honors at g~ation, Oberlin Catlegs
S'`nNStl T NT FO
NqX Co~~`~ Fa~t~ tAnalys ~er~
Raychem Corporation, Stanford Universe D.
~lzd ~rporatton, SySteirix Corporal Ci ~ pato Alto,
California Biotectni0gyr 1e ~ rei Department-Hazardous Materials
?itanfgrd Research tnsititute,
Menlo Park f'i Mountainlvtewt FireCtpepartmentaazar'do~Materlals Teams
Teams, Ctty of
~c~~
! 989
1958
CTIVrT
S:
Medical Adti-tsa: Santa Cl~ a County infectious Waste TasK
Force
Medical Advisor - Ha ~ art Valley ~posures A"ong Health
C8re WOrkprS, Sar1t
Med:r~l ~ 'Infection Contra! ~pcomml*.tee
! 987 - presort
Memberttecen Sa~CB C1ar~ C4t~inpty 1MedlcaalSocte~~ ~~~e. ~A
Cammi
l-C08St Counties
g~ r' - { 988
t~em~r ~riattyt Consultant crdnel, Centra
^.~gi;,nat Fc~son Center, Sate ?toss, CA
! 987 -
' 1,389
C~"1`~t' S;~~e+r`iCan Lung Association of San Ole a and
pertved t?stec'gy,
:;rper~a~ c~~ti~
or a ease 2003/~y{( 8~.~i~1~~~789R003100200001-5 58
 Technical Pr~~c$~~d For Release~i~~~tFti9P96-007898003100200001-5
~~1 V I Ti tcont! Hued}
~ Chairman, ~tJbG0~~1 ~'~I ~un~ci A~~8c1'c`ia tOr~Of sin o~ 9 a~
193 p~ivPCi FnQr'~+.
im~ial Counties
County Medical Services program, university of
198 - 198b Medical Director,
CaltfOtrta. San Dtega MQdtcal Center'
19k33 - i g$fi
1982 - 198G
occupattcna( arch Area ommctmtty Health Center', S~ ~ tgo,
Physician, 8e
OccuPattonal Medicine Cansvitant, Amertcan Lung,essoctatton
of San Diego aid imperial Cotuittes
We~tesn pccupationai Med!Cine pssactation
Anneric~anOCCtpatlonal MCd1ca1 w9ociatton
~nerlran~Coi1+~ oiMPhyslciab etY
psnerign Public ilealtK Association, Oecugational Health Section
grnefiCdn Lung ASSOCtatton of Jan Otego and 1mAerial Counties.
Orcc~ationfai~ ~E~~~-ctnai Heaiit~ Commit.es
Ca~ilfflrnla
~r~~Li ~"r'1VtT1
gnrontc eitects yr ttr~e fighting anxmg Saz Dtey~ ~ic~
1'982 -Present Acute and
fighters. (Princioai investigator)
Ci inicai resear~ vn new antiliyaertenstve medications - f1K
?9$3 - 198'5 ZBb to uficesu~c o.uretic3 and tiaPamil ca calcium thorns!
bloomer) A doubts blind clinical firrvestigatlcn Faui Jagger,
M.p. (Principal tr-vestigator)
Partlclpatton to a SCUtIy of the lhtch~3an elation exposes to
C!5/78 ~i~pr?antnated bipherr/is ~:~~~~P96-007898003100200001-5 79
 Technical Proposal UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2003/04/18 :CIA-RDP96-007898003100200001-5
James R. Ambrose
B. S. Engineering Physics (Magna cum Laude) University of Maine 1943
Graduate work in physics and mathematics at Georgetown University,
University of Maryland and Catholic University 1943-1948
Naval Research Laboratory 1943-1955
Research and development and research management in the
fields of radar, semiconductors, nuclear weapons, nuclear
reactors, and nuclear radiation effects.
Ford Motor Company (and Ford Aerospace and Communications Corp,
a subsidiary) 1955-1979
Vice President of Technical Affairs - management of corporate
research and engineering encompassing most physica/science
and engineering fie/ds, especially missile and weapon
systems, communication networks and satellites, electronic
components and equipment, and information processing
networks and equipment. Also corporate functional
management of engineering, manufacturing, purchasing, and
quality control.
United States Army (Department of Defense/ 1981-1988
Undersecretary of the Army (also Army Acquisition Executive!
- General management of the U. S. Army, with emphasis on
operational and procurements requirements, acquisition of
ma%or weapon and other systems, capital investment
programs, budget and financial management, and
Congressional relations.
Consultant 1988-Present
Defense-related matters.
Approved For Release~~~'SS~,~P96-007898003100200001-5 80
 Technical Proposal UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2003/04/18: CIA-RDP96-007898003100200001-5
(EDUCATION
BS (Physics) MIT 1953
PhD(Nuclear Physics) Duke 1957
SGFOIA3
SGFOIA3
1.962.-64: Technical staff member of the Institute for Defense
p-na:iyses. Concerned with vulnerabilities of strategic command and
c:on~trol, effectiveness of warning systems and the evaluation of
F~ro?cedures to prevent unauthorized use of nuclear weapons.
I9F;4-89: Service with the Defense Intelligence Agency in the
f'o;..llowing capacities
1'64-74: Created and directed Nuclear Energy Division.
Responsible for the production of nuclear intelligence, worldwide,
:i.n suppos:t of DOD and national requirements . DIA member to the
Director of Central Intelligence Joint Atomic Energy Intelligence
Committee. Represented Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1973 at the
negotiations in Moscow leading to the Nuclear Threshold Test Han
Treaty .
1971-74: Assumed directorship of the Physical Sciences Division as
well. Responsibilities included chemical and biological warfare,
directed energy weapons and materials sciences.
1975-88: Promoted to Director of the DOD Scientific and Technical
Intelligence Program with overall management authority for the 5
S&T Centers of the military services. As such, provided all-source
finished intelligence to OSD, JCS, Military Departments, U&S
Commands and other national level entities. During this period,
the S&T Program experienced significant growth and importance and
became a vital and recognized contributor to Defense systems
acquisition, policy and military operations.
Represented the DIA on numerous standing and ad hoc
interagency committees to include the Defense Science Board, the
Intelligence R&D Council, the Armor-Anti-Armor Executive Committee,
t;he President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (as req'd),
Under Sec'y of Defense for Acquisition special panels and e::-
o:fficio member of the DIA Advisory Board.
1'989: Chief Scientist. Served as the senior executive S&T
advisor to the Director DIA and as required, to other Intelligence
Community and DOD officials on the application of advanced
-? .
Approved For Release~+Q~a~E$~~96-007898003100200001-5 81
 Technical Proposal UNCLASSIFIED
Approved For Release 2003/04/18: CIA-RDP96-007898003100200001-5
technology to intelligence operations and programs.
J