GRILL FLAME PROJECT REPORT 19 OCTOBER 1983

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• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00789R001800690001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 56
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 28, 2002
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 19, 1983
• Content Type: REPORT

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GRILL FLAME PROJECT REPORT
Defense Intelligence Agency
Directorate for Scientific and Technical Intelligence
19 OCTOBER 1983
CLASSIFIED BY: DIA/DT-5A
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PREFACE
(S) This report summarizes results of the three-year GRILL FLAME project,
which terminated at the close of FY 1983. It contains key findings from the
various project activities, and identifies potential follow-on efforts. The
types of investigations, methods used for their evaluation, and other aspects
of the GRILL FLAME project also are reviewed. - Additional project information
is summarized in the appendices, and detailed project reports are listed in
the bibliography.
(S) In addition to this DIA evaluation, the GRILL FLAME project also has been
reviewed by an independent Scientific Evaluation Team that met in August and
September of 1983. The scientific evaluation and recommendations will be
forwarded separately.
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PREFACE
Page No.
I BACKGROUND ...................................................1
II FINDINGS .....................................................3
1. SUMMARY ............................ 3
2. DISCUSSION.......... .....................................4
a. GENERAL ..............................................4
b. RV ENHANCEMENT/TRAINING ..............................6
C. INTELLIGENCE POTENTIAL..............................11
d. OTHER PROJECT RESULTS. o ....... o ..................... 12
IV RECOIV4ENDATIONS ..............................................19
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................22
APPENDIX
I
REMOTE VIEWING SESSION DETAILS ....................I-1
APPENDIX
II
STATISTICAL METHODS ..............................II-1
APPENDIX
III
FUNDING LEVELS .................. ........ ........ III-1
APPENDIX
IV
EXAMPLES OF REMOTE VIEWING DATA ..................IV-1
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I BACKGROUND
(S/NOFORN/OPCON) Project GRILL FLAME was a joint DIA and Army effort, with DIA
providing overall project management and coordination. The project's main
goals were to evaluate the threat that foreign psychoenergetics achievements
might pose to US national security, and to explore the potential of
psychoenergetics for use in US intelligence collection.
(S/NOFORN) Psychoenergetics refers to classes of human capabilities that are
parapsychological in nature. There are two main categories, informational and
energetic, that can be defined as:
1. Remote viewing (RV)/Extrasensory Perception (ESP) -- ability of
an individual to access and describe remote geographic areas or
to access and describe concealed data via undefined transmission
mechanisms.
2. Psychokinesis (PK) -- mental ability to influence physical or
biological systems via undefined physical mechanisms.
(S/NOFORN/ORCON) The primary focus of the GRILL FLAME effort was on. remote
viewing phenomena. However, psychokinesis research in the USSR, China and
other foreign countries was examined to see if the occurrence of remote
viewing could be detected by scientific instrumentation. This has
implications for possible countermeasures to foreign use of remote viewing.
(S/NOFORN) To assist in achieving GRILL FLAME goals, SRI International was
selected as a contractor due to its extensive experience in investigating
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remote viewing phenomenon. In a three-year program, SRI assisted DIA in
evaluating the potential threat of foreign achievements in psychoenergetics,
and in determining if remote viewing could be developed sufficiently for in-
house-DoD use. Inherent in this effort were the reality, repeatability, and
trainability of remote viewing phenomena. Issues related to scientific
understanding of the phenomena, or to phenomena transmission mechanisms, were
not addressed, since this was beyond project scope and available resources.
(S/NOFORN) The SRI investigations were designed to follow strict protocols.
Scientific evaluation methods were developed to assess project results. To
verify adherence to agreed-upon methods and protocols, DIA placed a project
monitor on-site for the duration of the GRILL FLAME effort.
(S/NOFORN/ORCON) Funding for the SRI contract was provided jointly by DIA and
the Army Intelligence Security Command with a small portion also provided by
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. During the past three years,
the average funding has been $492K per year. The staff at SRI on this project
consisted of only two senior scientists, a research analyst, a consultant and
several support personnel. While the funds have been low and their arrival
dates sporadic, many valuable findings and useful data have been produced.
(S/NOFORN/ORCON/WNINTEL) The Army portion of GRILL FLAME also included a small
in-house group, located at INSCOM headquarters, that focused exclusively on
operational matters, and that supported remote viewing training methods
developed at SRI. The Army portion of the GRILL FLAME project was curtailed
in 1982 as a result of Congressional authorization action.
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II FINDINGS
1. SUMMARY (U)
(S/NOFORN) Key findings of the GRILL FLAME project are:
o Remote viewing is a real phenomenon, and is not degraded
by distance or shielding.
o Remote viewing ability can be improved by appropriate
training procedures.
o Remote viewing has potential for US intelligence applica-
cations. However, at this stage of development, descriptive
content (e.g., sketches, configurations) is more reliable
than analytic content (e.g., function, complex technical
data).
o A potential threat to US national security exists from
foreign achievements in psychoenergetics. In the USSR
and in China, this research is well funded and
receives high-level government backing.
(S/NOFORN/ORCON) Achievements of the GRILL FLAME project include development
of remote viewing training methods, the development of statistical methods for
evaluating remote viewing data, and the compilation of an extensive data base
on foreign psychoenergetics research. Methods for improving the reliability
of remote viewing data, through detailed understanding of the remote viewing
process, and through identification of techniques for isolating valid from
spurious data also were achieved. Training techniques that show promise for
enhancing the reliability of the analytical content of remote viewing data
also were identified.
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2. Discussion (U)
a. General (U)
(S/NOFORN) At the beginning of the three-year program, a considerable data
base on remote viewing (RV) had already been established. This included open-
literature publication of earlier work by the contractor (SRI)l and
replication studies by others,2 as well as numerous classified reports on
remote viewing3, 4, 5.
(S/NOFORN) In designing the three-year program, it was recognized that
effective use of RV technology as a routine intelligence collection tool would
require that a number of elements be in place. They ranged from the
establishment of personnel screening and selection procedures to the
1 H. Puthoff and R. Targ, "A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over
Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research, Proc. IEEE,
Vol 64, No. 3, March 1976.
2 See, e.g., report by the Princeton University Engineering Anomalies Research
Group under the leadership of the Dean of the School of Engineering and
Applied Science, R. Jahn, "The Persistent Paradox of Psychic Phenomena: An
Engineering Perspective, "Proc. IEEE, Vol. 70, No. 2, February 1982.
3 "Perceptual Augmentation Techniques" (U), Final Report to CIA, SRI Project
3183, Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA (December 1, 1975), SECRET
4 "Advanced Threat Technique Assessment" (U). Final Report to FTD, SRI
Project 5309, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (October 1978), SECRET/NOFORN
5 "Special Orientation Techniques" (U), Final Report to Army INSCOM, SRI
Project 8465, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (June 1980), SECRET/NOFORN
Im ~ 'Oft oft W. ow
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development of countermeasures technology to prevent effective use of RV
against US interests. Therefore, at the outset, eight action-item areas were
established, which were:
(1) REMOTE VIEWING ENHANCEMENT, INCLUDING:
(a) Alternative targeting strategies,such as targeting by
coordinates (CRV), pictures, ID numbers, etc.
(b) Before-the-fact indicators of success, such as the use of
physiological measures (e.g., audio analysis of session tapes),
calibration trials, etc.
(2) LOCATION/TRACKING "SEARCH" PROBLEM
(3) TRAINING
(4) ROUTINE OPERATIONAL RV PROCEDURES
(5) EVALUATION TECHNIQUES
(6) DATA BASE MANAGEMENT, INTEGRATION, AND DISSEMINATION
(7) INTELLIGENCE DATA BASE STUDIES CONCERNING FOREIGN USE
(8) COUNTERMEASURES, INCLUDING.
(a) Passive intrusion detection
(b) Shielding, jamming, and remote perturbation (RP)
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(U) Program tasking and priorties were then developed for each of the areas of
interest.
b. RV Enhancement/Training (U)
(S/NOFORN/ORCON) The primary focus in the three-year program was the
development of RV enhancement/training procedures. The purpose was to
determine whether RV reliability could be enhanced, and whether RV technology
could be transferred in a structured fashion from one individual to another.
Positive findings in either area would have great significance with regard to
both potential foreign threat and to US application. At the begining of the
three-year program a decision was made to develop and codify the most
promising RV training procedures that had emerged from earlier work. Some of
the initial training phases were already in hand; later stages were
subsequently developed as the program progressed. The procedures focus on
improving the reliability of remote viewing by controlling those factors that
tend to introduce errors into the RV product. The RV training procedures are
designed' to proceed through six stages of proficiency, corresponding to six
stages of increased contact with the target site. The method used for target
designation in this training program was the coordinate method (see appenxdix
(S/NOFORN) As a measure of progress made with the implementation of the six-
stage training procedures, data were obtained from the key SRI remote viewer
before and after exposure to the training program. The viewer was targeted on
a series of randomly selected worldwide test locations. These tests were
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carried out under strict protocols and double-blind conditions (neither
monitor nor viewer know the target site) to prevent inadvertent disclosure of
target information.
(S/NOFORN/ORCON) The accuracy of the descriptions was assessed on the basis of
the accuracy rating scale shown in Table I. Results indicate that viewer
performance improved through training. Prior to training, only 22 percent of
the viewer responses from 100 tests were in the good to excellent category.
After training, 66 percent of the data from 95 tests were rated as good to
excellent. A statistical analysis of the first four and the last four tests
from the after-training series was also performed to see if data quality at
the end of this series was better than data quality at the begining. Using
the concept analysis technique discused in the appendix II, the correct site
was identified in three of these last four tests. A similar approach yielded
one correct match (chance level) for the first four tests. This result, along
with the over all 66 percent accuracy level, indicates that the training
procedures were effective and that data quality improvements were achieved
over time.
(S/NF/ORCON) To date, eleven individuals have been exposed to the training
program, including three representatives sent from the Intelligence Community.
Eight of these people had no previous RV experience. All progressed
satisfactorily through initial stages of the training program.
(S/NOFORN) Results of the RV research leads to certain conclusions with regard
to RV characteristics in general. These are listed in Table II.
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Table I
RV DATA ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
ACCURACY
RATING SCALE DEGREE OF RV DATA CORRELATION TO TARGET
LITTLE OR NO CORRESPONDENCE - SELF-EXPLANATORY.
" A MISS."
SOME CORRESPONDENCE - MIXTURE OF CORRECT
AND INCORRECT DATA. ENOUGH TO INDICATE
POSSIBLE "ACCESS" TO THE SITE, ALTHOUGH
CHANCE CANNOT BE RULED OUT. "AMBIGUOUS."
GOOD CORRESPONDENCE - GOOD DESCRIPTION WITH
SEVERAL ELEMENTS MATCHING, BUT SOME
INCORRECT INFORMATION. "A HIT."
EXCELLENT CORRESPONDENCE - EXCELLENT
DESCRIPTION. UNAMBIGUOUS MATCHABLE ELEMENTS,
WITH RELATIVELY LITTLE INCORRECT INFORMATION.
"EXCELLENT HIT."
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TABLE II
REMOTE VIEWING CHARACTERISTICS
o DESCRIPTIVE MATERIAL ABOUT REMOTE LOCATIONS THAT EXCEEDS CHANCE
CORRELATION CAN BE OBTAINED.
o THE QUALITY OF DESCRIPTION APPEARS TO BE RELATIVELY INSENSITIVE TO
DISTANCE.
o HOLYA (SHAPE,
ANALYTICAL DATA F (NAME, IF FUNCTION, LABELING)ENERALLY OF
HIGHER QUALITY
o DETAILED ANALYSIS OF THE PATTERNS OF CORRECT/ INCORRECT RESPONSE ELEMENTS
INDICATES THAT THE LAWS GOVERNING REMOTE VIEWING ARE NOT ASKEW TO, BUT
CORRELATE WITH THOSE LAWS GOVERNING
- CEREBRAL (BRAIN) FUNCTIONING, SPECIALIZATION, AND
COGNITIVE PROCESSING IN GENERAL,
- SUBLIMINAL PERCEPTION IN PARTICULAR.
o ALTHOUGH THE MECHANISM OF TRANSMISSION IS AS YET UNDETERMINED,
THE OBSERVED RESULTS ARE NOT NECESSARILY INCOMPATIBLE WITH
ELECTROMI,SNETIC OR QUANTUM MODELS.
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c. Intelligence Potential (U)
(S/NOFORN/ORCON/WN) Remote viewing for the intelligence community was begun in
1972 when SRI was contracted by CIA. A number of sites were viewed from this
time to 1983 and the data were highly variable. That is, some good data were
mixed with much extraneous or inaccurate information. In September of 1980, a
joint DIA-Army project was initiated to improve the quality of the remote
viewing data and to assist in the preparation of threat assessments. This
project, GRILL FLAME, examined several methods for improving RV data quality.
For instance, patterns in verbal data were examined to see if accuracy
correlations could be found and several methods of site targeting were
investigated. The major exphasis of the GRILL FLAME project, however, was to
develop a training method that would increase the accuracy of the remote
viewing data and establish that it is a transferable skill. When this project
was begun, Army INSCOM had already established an in-house unit and had been
producing data on operational sites since 1979. The Army INSCOM viewers have
detected the remote site successfully in 50 percent of their projects (89
sites). The Army sent two people to SRI in 1982 to be trained in the system of
remote viewing being developed there. One was removed from the program due to
illness. The remaining viewer received additional training in FY 1983 with
non-NFIP funds. He is now only several weeks away from being prepared to view
operational sites. The Army plans to send two new trainees to SRI during FY
84 under non-NFIP funding.
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(S/NOFORN/ORCON) To determine whether progress in RV training carried over to
operational tasking, the most advanced viewer at SRI was at various times
targeted on sites of operational significance throughout the program to find
out if he could collect information of intelligence value. This viewer was
given 18 operational targets. Using the accuracy rating scale defined in
Table I, intelligence analysts assigned ratings of good to excellent to
approximately 40 percent of the RV responses. The effect of the RV training
procedures can be seen in the data from this series. The accuracy rating
average for the last five targets was 2.2 on the three-point scale;;the
average from the first five (before training) was 1.4.
(S/NOFORN) A statistical analysis of the last five operational tests from this
series also was performed. A person who did not know which set of RV data
corresponded to the correct target was able to correctly match the data with
the appropriate target site for all of these five tests. The probability of
this result occurring by chance is less than one in a hundred. This
statistical result provides additional support for the validity of RV under
operational conditions.
(S/NOFORN/ORCON) Other less experienced SRI viewers also were also given
targets of operational significance during this Grogram. However, these
viewers were not as advanced as the prime SRI viewer, and the RV sessions were
carried out under exploratory conditions (different targeting techniques,
greater target variety). Consequently, results of these sessions were not as
successful,- although they did provide insight useful for understanding
operational problems in general.
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(S/NOFORN/ORCON/WN) In terms of over-all success, the advanced SRI viewer and
the experienced INSCOM viewers achieved different success levels on
operational tasks. These differences, though not large, probably resulted
from a basic variation in approach between SRI and INSCOM. The SRI efforts
were primarily exploratory and developmental, with emphasis on understanding
the RV process, on improving analytical content of RV data, and on developing
RV training procedures. The experienced INSCOM viewers were mainly concerned
with operational problems, especially where intelligence data or intelligence
inferences could be obtained from configuration aspects of RV data.
(S/NOFORN/ORCON/WN) Other variables that influence RV data content include the
nature of the RV session (e.g., targeting method used, session timing), type
of data desired, degree of viewer motivation, significance of the operational
task, and background of the individual viewer. Sometimes operational tasks
cannot be evaluated fully since knowledge of operational target data may be
limited or even unavailable. Overall results between the SRI viewer and the
INSCOM viewers were consistent (40 percent and 50 percent accuracy levels).
These results clearly indicate that the RV phenomenon has intelligence
application potential, especially where configurational aspects of RV data can
be of value. However, improvement in RV data reliability for both
configurational and analytical content is still required before application of
RV data to intelligence tasks can become routine. Training proceedures that
were developed by SRI in FY 1983 show promise for increasing RV data
reliability.
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(S/NOFORN/ORCON) Keeping these factors in mind, one nonetheless finds that
data generated by remote viewers are often of high quality and, provided they
are appropriately integrated into the intelligence data mix, can be of
significant utility. Examples of successful remote viewings are given in
appendix IV.
d. Other Project Results (U)
(S/NOFORN/ORCON) Following is a summary of other results obtained during the
GRILL FLAME project:
o Evaluation Techniques
A concept evaluation technique was developed for assessing the accuracy of
RV data. Details are given in Appendix II.
o Data Base Management (DBM)
A data base management system was developed to store and sort remote
viewing data and intelligence data.
o Countermeasures
Literature searches regarding the underlying psychological foundation and
physical mechanisms of remote viewing were performed. However, a
sufficient data base for identifying these important issues was not
available from the current research. A scientific understanding of. RV
phenomena should help enhance the potential for US applications, and
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should provide the necessary data for countermeasures design.
o Location/Tracking/Search:
Although some preliminary remote viewing studies and operational tasks have
shown limited success with locating missing objects or people, this area is
weak in comparison to remote viewing of fixed locations. Since operational
requirements often exist for locating missing objects or people an R&D
effort to develop this capability into a reliable tool should be pursued.
o Remote Viewing Data Enhancement
One potential method of isolating valid from invalid RV data was examined
in this project. This method, audiolingustic analysis, evaluates the
possiblity of correlating valid RV data with speech patterns that occur
during an RV session. Preliminary results suggest that such an approach
has potential.
o RV Targeting methods
Methods for designating the RV target were examined. It was determined
that several methods were suitable, including targeting on people and
various forms of abstract targeting (e.g., coordinates). However,
individual preferences were noted. Most viewers performed better with
targeting techniques they preferred.
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V. RECOMMENDATIONS
(S/NDFORN) Based on key findings of the GRILL FLAME project, it is recommended
o Applied intelligence-oriented research in remote viewing effort be
continued.
o Basic research in both remote viewing and psychokinesis phenomena
be initiated.
(S/NOFORN/ORCON) It is further recommended that the application-oriented
effort be centralized, with overall management provided by DIA, and that a
close interaction with basic research be maintained. Should the quality of
operational remote viewing continue to improve, it is recommended that a joint
service remote viewing unit be established in FY-85 to respond to DoD
requirements.
(S/NOFORN/ORCON/WN) Army INSCOM has, since before GRILL FLAME, had an in-house
remote viewing staff to respond to operational requirements. It is
recommended that this unit be continued in its present status. This
capability permits operational testing of concepts and experimental results
arrived at by SRI. It also serves as a proving ground for the SRI-trained
remote viewers.
(S/NOFORN) A follow-on research program should have the following objectives:
1. To improve utility of remote viewing applications when both
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configurational and analytical data are important.
2. To identify and evaluate the feasibility of remote viewing for
search and location tasks.
3. To examine a wide variety of psychokinetic (PK) effects so that
validity of the phenomenon can be evaluated and its potential for
military applications.
4. To evaluate (via replication) known and suspected foreign
psychoenergetics research to determine the credibility of the work
and to assess the potential threat of its applications to military
weapon systems and other US national security interests.
5. To examine those aspects of psychoenergetics that show promise
for developing countermeasures.
6. To pursue basic research for phenomena understanding. It is
likely that PK effects offer the best chance for phenomena
understanding, since a wide variety of scientific instrumentation
and sensors can be applied to this problem.
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(S/NOFORN) Activities that can help achieve these objectives include:
1. Further development of RV training methodologies for a variety
of applications, to include those suitable for enhancing analytical
content of the data. Methodologies for selection and
identification of people who have p~ychoenergetics talent and for
skill development, in both RV and PK phenomenon, would also be
developed.
2. Development of suitable experimental and operational data bases
to permit adequate statistical evaluations so that RV phenomena
repeatability, and application reliability, can be quantified in
detail.
3. Further development of the most promising evaluation
methodologies identified during the GRILL FLAME project, and
expanded to include PK phenomena.
4. Thorough identification of all aspects of investigation
protocols and safeguards required for each of the research and
application projects that would be pursued.
5. Evaluation of the factors and techniques that affect
psychoenergetics performance and utility. Methods to minimize
effects that decrease reliability and to enhance effects that
improve reliability would be identified.
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REMOTE VIEWING SESSION DETAILS
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APPENDIX I
REMOTE VIEWING SESSION DETAILS
1. The Session (U)
(U) To carry out a remote viewing (RV) session, a "remote viewer" and an
"interviewer" begin by seating themselves at the opposite ends of a table in a
special remote viewing room equipped with paper and pens, a tape recorder, and
an overhead TV camera to permit recording for documentation, or monitoring by
individuals outside the room. The room is homogeneously-colored, acoustic-
tiled, and featureless, with light controlled by a dimmer, so that
environmental distractions can be minimized.
(U) The session is begun by the interviewer providing to the remote viewer
whatever targeting information is appropriate to the task at hand, such as the
coordinates of a military site, or a picture of an individual. Under normal
testing or operational conditions, the interviewer is typically kept blind as
.to the site to prevent inadvertent cueing. The session then proceeds with the
interviewer repeating the targeting information at intervals and posing
questions. The remote viewer generates verbal responses and sketches, until a
coherent response to the overall task requirement emerges. The use of the
quick reaction-response procedure has been found useful in minimizing
imaginative embellishment.
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(U) Normal methods for achieving the proper mental state are used, session
time at a single setting rarely exceeds an hour, and the ambience of the
session is kept as natural and stress-free as possible.
2. Remote Viewing Data (U)
(U) The steps in producing a product from remote viewing (RV) sessions are as
follows:
a. The a "remote viewer" generates raw data in the form of a tape-
recorder transcript of verbal comments, along with notes, sketches
and drawings. On occasion, a videorecording of the session may also
be made.
b. The raw data is summarized in one- or two-pages and affixed to the
typed transcript with associated notes, sketches, and drawings from
the RV session. This data package is turned over to the consumer
for analysis.
c. Following preliminary analysis, the above procedure may be iterated
a number of times to produce additional data in response to analyst
questions.
d. Finally, the analyst fills out an evauation sheet covering the
usefulness of the RV product and the data is integrated into the
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overall intelligence mix in whatever way is appropriate.
Statistical analysis is also. applied, depending on the nature of the
task and on the availability of a suitable data base.
3. Personnel (U)
(U) Historically, the search for medical, psychological, and personality
measures that might provide a quantitative "psychic profile" for identifying
remote viewers has been unsuccessful.
(U) Several years of observation by workers in the field has, however, led to
an informal guide based on subjective evauation of the personality traits of
successful viewers. This rule-of-thumb guide is based on the observation that
successful remote viewers tend to be confident, outgoing, and adventurous.
They are successful individuals with some artistic bent and with "middle-of-
the-road" views about psychoenergetics. Neither "total skeptics" nor "true
believers" tend to do well on psychoenergetic tasks. Successful remote
viewers come from the ranks of photographers, engineers, mathematicians,
artists and businessmen who have a relaxed interest in the phenomenon and who
are challenged by it.
(U) Recently, SRI researchers cooperated with a private group (Mobius Group,
Los Angeles, CA) to conduct a mass RV screening test, with psychological
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profiling, through a major magazine publication.1 The data base of several
thousand c-tries should assist in identifying valid profiling information.
4. The Ta get (U)
(S/NOFORN) The term "target" refers to a geographic location, a photo of that
location, or to some other type of data which the viewer is asked to describe.
Target descriptions generated by viewers are usually sketches and verbal
descriptions of geometric features that they perceive to be present at the
target location. Viewers sometime provide judgments of the function or
purpose of the target area. These targets can vary from near-by locations to
very long distances from the viewer.
(S/NOFORN) To help evaluate remote viewing phenomenon, several types of
targets are used:
o Practice and calibration targets - these are selected at random from a
large group of diverse geographic targets. They are used to acquaint the
viewer with remote viewing and for training. They enable preliminary
judgments on data accuracy.
1S. A. Schwartz and R. DeMattei, "Psi-Q Test II," OMNI, p. 136 (October 1982).
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o Evaluation targets -- these are also chosen from a large group of
possibilities, and are used in tightly controlled sessions for technical
assessment purposes. They enable judgments on accuracy of the viewer's
data and help in assessing potential of the phenomenon.
o Operational targets - these are actual targets of military interest, such
as US facilities or USSR sites from which data are available or can
eventually be obtained. Targets of this type provide a basis for
judgments regarding utility of remote viewing phenomenon in a real
operational environment.
5. Targeting Methods (U)
(S/NOFORN) "Targeting" refers to the method used, during the remote viewing
session, for specifying or designating where the target for that session is
located. Some type of "targeting" method is needed to psychologically assist
the viewer in accessing the desired data.
(S/NOFORN) Two basic targeting methods are used:
o Beacon Person Method -- a person known to the viewer is present at the
target location (or is looking at the target picture) during the remote
viewing period. The viewer is then asked to describe what this person
(beacon person) is observing at that time. The beacon person can be
located at. any distance from the viewer.
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o Coordinate Method -- In this cae, the desired target is designated simply
as "the location at coordinate and
by some other
means. The viewer is them asked to describe what is present at "Target
X", o- at the specified coordinates. In this case, a beacon person is
not necessary, and long distance experiments become practical for any
remote location. The coordinate method was chosen as the basic technique
for the RV training method developed at SRI during the GRILL FLAME
project.
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APPENDIX II
STATISTICAL METHODS
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APPENDIX II
STATISTICAL KLTHODS
1. Introduction (U)
(U) In addressing the remote viewing (RV) evaluation question, there are two
separate requirements:
o Absolute evaluation of a single response for a single unknown target.
o Relative evaluation of set of responses for a series of known targets.
(U) The first of these is of the most interest in an operational setting.
This has been considered in two ways. First, by conducting an operational RV
session between two calibration RV sessions where the target is known, _a
tentative assessment of operational efficacy can be determined. The
evaluation is made on the basis of performance during the calibration
sessions, and on the basis of adherence to a predetermined session structure.
(U) A second technique for an a prior evaluation was explored as part of the
Fiscal Year 1982 program in an audiolinguistic task. This task provided
indications that careful linguistic analysis, when coupled with technical
audio anslysis, could yield an assessment of probable success in the absence
of knowledge about the target.
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(U) Various techniques have been used in the past in an attempt to solve the
relative evejation problem. The most common of these was the simple rank
ordering or all responses, as assessed against all possible targets used in an
experimental series. In this procedure, a judge is presented with all RV
transcripts and all target sites. His task is to arrange the transcripts in
order of the best to least match for each of the targets. A simple numerical
counting procedure is then used to estimate the likelihood that the judge's
transcript and target matches are by chance alone. This early technique
contained little systematic structure for determining the final order of
matches.
(S) The first step toward systematizing the rank order judging procedure was
to preprocess the raw data in the transcript by "conceptualizing" both the
verbal and the pictorial responses. Conceptualizing a transcript requires an
analyst to paraphase the transcript into a list of coherent statements. This
concept list is then compared and scored concept-by-concept to each of the
targets. The resulting scores are averaged for each response, and all
responses are rank-ordered on the basis of these scores.
(U) The problem with the above technique is that there are no guidelines as
to how the analyst should paraphrase the transcript; furthermore, the method
in which the concepts are to be assessed against the targets remains
undefined. The purpose of the evaluation task in FY 1982 was to identify a
procedure that corrects these deficiences.
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2. Concept Analysis Procedure (U)
(U) In this analysis procedurel, there are four separate steps: remote
viewer response, target/task definition, quality assessment, and numerical
analysis.
(U) The remote viewers response is prepared for analysis by reducing the data
to a coherent set of concepts. A concept is defined as a summary of a single
idea that has been expressed in the RV verbal or drawing response. This
summary is prepared by someone not familiar with the target.
(U) To utilize an analysis procedure that is capable of quantitative
assessment, it is necessary to define, in advance, what the goals of the
assessment are. "Element of target" and "relevance" are provided to clearly
define the goal of the analysis. In the ideal situation, an RV target should
be completely specified in advance. A target typically consists of a number
of target elements, each of which may have varying relevance with regard to
the overall RV task. For any given target, an independent list of target
elements should be prepared. The selection of what constitutes a target
element is left completely to the discretion of the task coordinator. The
target elements must be selected with little regard to task relevance
1See reference l.b in bibliography for details.
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(target elements relevance is accounted for later). Because an RV target
consists, in principal, of an essentially infinite number of possitl?
ele-E?ts, discretion needs to be exercised in tree sele:tic- prccE5S t:
ni "izE analysis time.
(U) For each target element identified for the site, the task coordinator
must define a relevance rating. This rating allows the coordinator to tailor
the analysis to the task requirements. Relevance ratings vary from "trival'
(1) to "key" (5).
(U) The caality assessment is done on the basis of how well the single
concept in question matches the selected target element. The judgement is
made without regard to any other issues, such as importance of the concept to
the transcript, and can range from poor (1), to excellent (5).
(U) An intermediate numerical score is computed for each ce'.:ept by the
product of the relevance and quality ratings.
(U) To determine a final evaluation of the col- lete trerscr~;t assesse:
against a given target, a weighted average of concept scores is co:~puted. At
this point in the evaluation protocol, the following options are available,
depending on the task requirement:
o A rank ordering of the targets on the basis of the weighted averages
of concept scores. _
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o A simple selection of the best match.
o A 5.atistical evaluation on a Concept -bY-CC'icept basis.
(S) A series of four rerr.ste viewings that were performed as calibrations
during operational sessions at DIA in December 1981 are used to illustrate
this technique. In this series the remote viewing products were of relatively
high quality, but nonetheless required a sensitive technique to differentiate
because of the similarity of the targets and, hence, of the descriptions.
Application of this assessment technique resulted in the correct blind
rratching, (highest scoring in matches versus cross matches) of three of the
four calibration targets. This result indicated that remote viewing was
effective during this session, and that the RV data generated wo.ld contain
some valid information about the operational target of interest.
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APPENDIX III
FUNDING LEVELS
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all
APPENDIX III
FUNDING LEVELS
I. T: - AFUNNDS RECEIVED FOR THREE-YEAR PROG=.~.`'
A. FY 1981 - $ 418.51;
S. FY 1982 - 518
C. FY 1983 - 539
$1475.5K
II.
TOTAL FUNDS RECEIVED BY SERVICE
A. DIA - $962K
E. ARMY INSCOM - $313.5K
III.
C. DARPA - $200K
TOTAL BY TASK (BUDGETED AMOUNT)
R',' EnhanceMent (training)
$ 57:
E. Intelligence Studies
267
C. Data Base Management
166
Cojntermeasures
E. Administratior.
97.E
F. Audio Analysis
70
C. Targeting
54
H. Search Methodology
45
I. RV Ops
40
J. RV Evaluation
40
$1475.5K
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APPENDIX IV
EXAMPLES OF REMOTE VIEWING DATA
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fsEEAp- R~
EXAMPLES OF RV DATA FROM TRAINING SESSIONS
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!U7`' 37 3.V J
I3.f1LJ"-5 I I
--{l . ~,I! Cf(1[ (-W e7la""" ?'T1
tb! RV RESPONSE
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C
z
A
nad, o tom ~.
S
(U) ANTENNA ARRAY; LOST HILLS. CALIFORNIA
S
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I -I
II tuo,,
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EXAMPLES OF RV DATA FROM OPERATIONAL SIMULATIONS
IV-6
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 SG1A
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SECRET
The sett is ar airfield
E VIE-,'EP,:
Cc ~_t?s of the site (latitude and longitude in
secccr.:_, ; no other information given.
de; ees,
SG1A
RESULTS:
Viewer correctly described site as an airport adjacent to a large body of
rater, and provided pasteup/drawing shown in following page.
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UNCLASSIFIED
4
Fuel TarL!. it
Heliport
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UNCLASSIFIED
SG1A
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SG1A SITE:
SITE ::.1pTl0'': Site is the main gathering c;,ter
pro;es.'_ plants and, holding tanks.
It-0= F'r,DVIJEL' TO F.LM TE W'IEN'ER:
SG1A
Cc:-:inates of the site (latitude and loncit:rde in degrees, minutes a-_
se:: ds); no other information given.
RESULTS:
Vic-..---r correctly described site as an oilfield with blowoff towers,
pro:essing equipment, tanks, and provided pasteup/drawings shown on ne}.t
pa;e.
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UNCLASSIFIED
0
Oil Storagc 7ank5
UNCLASSIFIED
(U) REMOTE VIEWER'S PASTEUP/DRAWING OF
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1 IAIP'1 A CCI[IC
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EER
Examples of RV data from Operational Tasks (via INSCOM viewers)
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 SG1A
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