REMOTE VIEWING SESSION DATA. SITE # 0126. REMOTE VIEWER: 018

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: STARGATE
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP96-00789R001400330001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: November 4, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 2, 1998
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: November 14, 1985
• Content Type: HW

Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789R091400330001-0
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789 R001400330001-0
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789 R001400330001-0
CPYRGHT
1ontKs of Volcanic Rumbling
~~ed of a Major
THE ERUPTION OF THE NEVADA DEL RUIZ
:zrmonic Tremors, Mud Slides Preceded Colombian Blasi
just as Washington's Mount St.
.ess did 'five yews 'agb, the
cfr,rnbiau volcano Nevado del Ruiz
hz: erupted Wednesday night gave
It numerous telltale signs in the
`st I1 months that it was building
ow-ard a major eruption.
-, long ego as last ` ber,
ei rrc grayphs began to pick up the
unJ iiug` of . pssniodk earth-
.oakes below the volcano that are
he harbingers of worse thins to
ante. In March of this year, there
s s ert_ eeveral small stean and ash
- Dr. Robed r'hristtienrw.I35OS
xr,".sgions ? n= tb>: ' acts
17.400-foot summit that sigd
mo,e violent aetivitr? apd then '-n
years, but everybody still knew it
was a volcano." -
Volcanoes erupt when the molten
rock that normally lies far inside the
mountain starts rising up, heating
the rock above it and forcing it
aside.
There were signs in recent
weeks that a giant pool of molten
rock (magma) as hot as 2.200 de-
grees Fahrenheit had begun to stir
inside the mountain and had begun
to move upward, pushing aside the
tons of rock that lay in its way. The
telltale signs of moving magma
were the "harmonic tremors" in the
earth near the volcano that appar-
ently ire picked up by seismic lis-
tening devices in the two months
since the maxi slide of Sept. 11.
Marmoac tremors are rhythmic
motions in the earth that involve an
almost continuous release of seis-
tmc. energy. While earthquakes
come in episodes and then stop, .
harmonic tremors goon for long pe-
riods at a steady frequency.
Christiansen said that harmanic-
tremors are always the result of
moving magma and t wally are the
Fast: signs of 'sa? iatg mayor
eruption The U.S. Geological Sur-
vey a ,id pw'rterday that Nevado del
sleeping towns in the valley was as
deep as 15 to 20 feet.
A lesser mud flow on the western
side of the mountain was still
enough to create an artificial dam in
the Quail Rorer above the town of
Mariquita, which Colombian offi-
cals were attempting to evacuate
before the mud-filled dam brake
apart on its own. Floods from melt-
ing snow and ice were reported in
four rivers w! ose headwaters begin
on the mountain.
The physical similarity between
the eruption of Nevada del Ruiz and
Mount St. Helens is striking. Both
volcanoes slowly built to eruptions
and both eruptions did most of their
early damage with mud slides- The
huge snow and ice pack on both
mountains melted in the heat - of
eruption, cascading tons of water
and mud down the fanks of the
mountains into the river valleys be-
low. But only 57 people died in the
Mount St. Helens eruption, which
occurred in a sparsely populated
area.
Nevado del Ruiz is the largest
and tallest of six volcanoes strung
out in a line through central Colom-
bia. The northernmost volcano in
the Arab'", Mountains, Nevado del
m~ocut: whom-rnsv~wo~~wu
largest mud slides in South Amer- sea said. This means they retain building in strength t>htifit esceeds
ican history. The USGS' Dr. Darrel their gases, allowing pressure to the weight of the rocks above that
G. Herd described it as a "wall of build, rather than venting them in a are holding it in. The result can be
mud, trees and ice that went racing way that would relieve the pressure another eruption. The twin er uption
down :he v tiny to the Rio Mat- that bids uC irrs:de :mica ce . he of x evado , i iii;:; Wednesday
Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789 R001400330001-0
 Approved For Release 2000/08/08 : CIA-RDP96-00789 R001400330001-0
more violenta,._tivity, and then or.
Sept. 11 of this year there was an
eruption, the t melted enough snow
and ice on the :nc= ruin p,~ak to
trigger a teed slide 20 nuic; 1:00?g.
`', not surprising, except for
-tee violence of the eruptions that
:hock the mountain Wednesday
-tight," Dr. Robert Christiansen of
i-re U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
toAid by telephone from his office in
i=i-21o Park, Calif. `Everybody
lecew this was a volcano that hadn't
a zuior eruption iii 400
yf toicc o l Ms
310USa C
in, Colombia
VOLCANO. From A i
f . :! supplies, potnbk: water
trsoort e,eipment to help in
a -es. tie effort tampered by the
tie rructio:: of bridges a d roads.
Co;um r: n radio and television ad-
vised people in the disaster zone not
to::'rink :on: local water supplies,
ch were feared contaminated by
-c;fur.
i t Washington. the U.S. Agency
for lnternat:oa:al Development said
12 ehccoters were dispatched to
the scene from a base in Panama, at
the request of Colombia. A state-
snert said Ail) relief expert Paul
Bell and Darrell Herd of the U.S.
Geological Survey in Reston, who
has studied the volcano, were en
route to offer assistance.]
The the most seriowly affected
town was Armero, with a population
of 25,000, about 18 miles east of
the volcano. It was said by : ome
residents to have been 90 percent
subm rged.
J!v
i': ti S. .? c .
vey said yeste,day that Ncvaco drl
Ruiz suffered "two catastrophic
eruptions" Wednesday night be-
tween 11 p.m. and tnt(inighi.
The back to-bath eruptions on
.the norihea t IlaaA of the ; ou cta::s
melted enougi ice and snow on the
mountaintop to trigger what the
LUGS called "two catastrophic mud
,,lows down the northeast flank,'
which were channeled directly into
the Lagunillas River in the broad
valley at the base of the mountain.
Eyewitnesses said the mud in four
. 7_ The- rrhotnmost votcai._
the Andes Mountains, Nevado del
Ruiz has also been the most de-
tractive of the six Colombian vol-
canoes, erupting in a "thunderous"
Pxolccion on March 12, 1895, and
eruptir;,; again in 1828 and 1829.
The volcano was `still smoking" in
1831 after its two 19th-century
eruptions.
The Colombian mountain was
also the scene of a major earth-
quake on Feb. 19, 1845, that shook
loose enough snow and ice on top of
the mountain to trigger one ti the
t. e es a'v acv t; `t'r..a. lac;ag
down the Y, : ey to the Rio Mag-
dalena, killing art estimated 1.00-3
peotdle' then living in the valley.
Why (lid Nevado del Ruiz go al-
most 400 year, without a major
eruption? Geologists say they don't
kctox, but many suspect it is in the
makeup of the magma that lies be-
low the volcanoes that formed the
Andes Mountains.
"The magmas in the Andes are
very viscous and stickier, let's say,
than the magmas that he beneath
the Hawaiian volcanoes,' Caristian-
tact would relieve the f-resaure
that builds- up inside volcanoes, he
said- "Hawaiian volcanoes are al-
ways blowing off pressure, which
might be one reason they doa't
erupt catastrophically-'
Another reason lies with volca-
noes themselves, among the most
unpredictable phenomena of nature.
Said Dr. Meyer Rubin of the USGc:
."Volcanoes can go 1,000 years
without an eruption- There's no
way to predict their behavior."
The upward movement of magma
can continue off and on for years,
;trot. yr erupt-fin. Tie twits erontior?
of Nevado del Ruiz Wednesday
night could thus signs' the start of
an eruptive period tf at-cottid lase
another 10 years.
There ;s ai;o the crane that
:Nevado del Ruiz will have-en impact
on the world's weather. Depending
on how much sulfur dioxide gas it
pumps into the upper atmosphere,
the erupting volcano could send a
cloud of gas and dust around the
world bioci:ing just enough sunlight
from reaching the surface -to cool
the earth by a degree or two.
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